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491:, which was slowly poisoning them due to their lack of expertise in its preparation in leaching out the toxins, Wills died alone on the banks of Cooper's Creek on 27 or 28 June. He had insisted that his companions head further up the creek to seek assistance from the Aborigines. A day or two later, Burke also succumbed, having sent King on to look for help. With the assistance of Aborigines, King survived along the watercourse until found on 15 September 1861 by
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not only as a feat of endurance and story of incompetence, but for the way in which it has permeated
Australian historical consciousness, how it is celebrated in high art by verse and painting, and how it has contributed to the perpetuation of the Australian bush legend of struggle against the wilderness. The Dig Tree is a revered social landmark for many Australians, as evidenced by the many visitors to the site every year.
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The Dig Tree is located approximately four to six kilometres southwest of Nappa Merrie homestead, on a
Reserve for Memorial Purposes. The Reserve of 4,470 square metres (48,100 sq ft) is excised from Nappa Merrie cattle station, which comprises almost three-quarters of a million hectares of
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Howitt's party, which included Brahe and King (? King was living with the
Aboriginies), arrived at Camp LXV on 13 September 1861. The Royal Commission was told that they found the depot as Mr Brahe had left it, the plant untouched, and nothing removed of the useless things lying about, but a piece of
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Brahe noted in his journal that the party left the depot at 10 o'clock a.m., leaving 50 pounds (23 kg) of flour, 50 pounds (23 kg) of oatmeal, 50 pounds (23 kg) of sugar, and 30 pounds (14 kg) of rice buried near the stockade, at the foot of a large tree, and marked the word "Dig"
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as third officer. Despite having received clear instructions that he was to establish his main base camp at Cooper's Creek, Burke pressed on quickly with an advance party of eight, leaving the remainder of the men and stores under the unreliable charge of Wright. Wright lingered at
Menindee for three
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This particular tree had initially received less attention because it was not immediately associated with the deaths of either man. But by the 1880s the various explorers' trees marked by members of the expedition and by the various search parties had become valued by
Australians as relics worthy of
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A week after their departure from Camp LXV, Brahe met with Wright's party, heading north and finally en route to Cooper's Creek. Brahe and Wright then returned to the camp, but having noticed no evidence of Burke's return on 21 April, left no further messages or indications and retraced their steps
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Burke's party, by now reduced to three with the death of Gray on 17 April 1861, reached Camp LXV on the evening of 21 April 1861. Only two exhausted camels survived and the men were perilously low on stores. They discovered that Brahe had departed that same day, leaving the messages carved into the
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The Burke and Wills Dig Tree and Camp 65 is important for its special association with explorers Robert O'Hara Burke and
William John Wills, who completed the first north–south crossing of the Australian continent and who both died during their return journey, in 1861. Their journey was remarkable
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When Alfred Howitt returned to Cooper Creek one year later (1862) so that he could collect the bodies of Wills and Burke for burial in
Melbourne, a member of his team, Alexander Aitken, rode to Depot LXV and blazed another "DIG" message on the other side of the same tree on which Brahe had earlier
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These search parties helped open up vast areas of inland
Australia for settlement, as a result of the increased knowledge of the country they brought back with them. McKinlay had travelled northwards across the Cooper, to Gray's grave, and on to the Gulf of Carpentaria. Landsborough came from the
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Called in 1911 by the Sydney Mail "William Brahe's Tree", an accompanying photograph showed a "DIG" inscription on the right-hand branching trunk partly overgrown with bark, obscuring the "D". Another blaze on the left-branching trunk showed some indecipherable letters and/or numerals. Surviving
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Brahe headed towards
Menindee, taking all the camels, horses and clothes, and the bulk of the remaining food stores. He later testified that he did not leave the message and stores in any real expectation of Burke's return, given that he was already well overdue. "Rather, only for any party that
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Here Burke split his party once again, and on 16 December pressed on to the Gulf accompanied only by Wills, King and Gray. Brahe, Thomas McDonough, William Patten and Dost
Mahomet were instructed by Burke to wait for at least three months (the more cautious Wills preferred four months), before
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in South Australia, preferring to take this direction over the longer, but known, journey to Menindee. Twice they were forced back to Cooper's Creek due to lack of water to the west. They then remained along the Creek throughout June. On 30 May 1861 Wills had returned to Camp LXV. He found no
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at Depot Camp LXV. One of the inscriptions contained the word 'DIG' and the location of the cache of buried stores. Two other blazes were carved on an adjacent tree; one displaying the letter 'B' for Burke and the camp number 'LXV', the other contained the dates of the arrival of the party (6
390:, the expedition's objectives were hazy, beyond the desire to make the already-prosperous colony mightier by taking the lead in exploration efforts. The expedition would prove extremely expensive both financially and in lives, yet was ultimately successful in its bid to beat South Australia's
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to the Cooper and then Menindee, and Walker arrived to find Burke's last camp, thence returning eastwards. By the time the public funeral for Burke and Wills was held in January 1863, pastoralists were driving their sheep and cattle up the Bulloo. Within a decade or so there were established
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in 1865, had pushed into the Channel Country grazing their sheep and cattle along Coopers Creek and the myriad channels and streams. Only twelve years after the deaths of Burke and Wills, the land encompassing the Dig Tree and depot area had been taken up as Nappa Merrie station.
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cut his "B/LXV." This new message read: "AH" (Howitt's initials) "DIG UNDER ----> TO DEPOT". This 'Dig' message referred to information (buried in a bottle) about Howitt's depot at Cullyamurra Waterhole, further south, where supplies were available for other travellers.
724:), believed to be 200 to 250 years old, common along this section of the Cooper and widespread in arid and semi-arid areas near watercourses and in seasonally-inundated areas. The tree stands high above the creek, on the southern bank of the Bulloo Bulloo waterhole.
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were built to protect the Dig and Face Trees, and toilets were built in February 2001. The Face Tree is located on the same reserve as the Dig Tree. It portrays the face of Robert O'Hara Burke and the letters ROHB, thought to have been carved in 1898 by John Dick.
731:. On an upstream-side limb "DEC 6.60 APR 21.61" marks the date of establishment of the camp, and that of Brahe's departure. All of the lettering in the 'date blaze' is now obscured by overgrowing bark. On a nearby tree Brahe blazed the message "DIG THREE FT NW."
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should come up - that was most likely to come up from the Darling - to know what had become of us. I was very likely to miss any party coming up", he told the 1861-2 Royal Commission established to inquire into and report upon the deaths of Burke and Wills.
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Four months later on the morning of 21 April 1861, William Brahe and his party of three others including the seriously injured Patten, left for Menindee. Before embarking on this four-hundred-mile return journey, Brahe carved three messages on two separate
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On 6 December 1860 Burke and his seven men established Camp LXV (65) at Cooper's Creek, having halted at several other spots along the Creek during the preceding three and a half weeks while searching for the best location for a longer-term depot.
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The Dig Tree is important in demonstrating the evolution of Queensland history, because the Burke and Wills expedition contributed to establishing commercial pastoral exploitation of the Australian inland. During the 1860s settlers, including the
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is located 40 feet (12 m) northwest of the Dig Tree. Further to the northwest is the Conrick Plaque, a metal sign attached to a large stone. Recent signage near the Dig Tree tells the story of Burke and Wills and their ill-fated expedition.
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leather. The party located Wills' remains where his body had been covered by King, some miles downstream of Camp LXV. They buried Wills on 18 September 1861, and inscribed a tree. Field books, notebooks and various small articles were recovered.
557:, organised to promote exploration, awarded Burke a posthumous RGS Founder's Medal in 1862. Wills was awarded nothing, as the Society's policy was to award only one medal to an exploration party. King received a gold watch, as did McKinlay,
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The Dig Tree has been considered of historical significance to Queensland for much of the 20th century. In 1937 the Conrick Plaque, erected by members of the first Anglo-Australian family to occupy Yandruwandha/Yawarrawarrka and
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evidence of Brahe's return in early May, and placed his journals and a new note in the buried cache for fear of accidents, and returned to his companions waiting further along Cooper's Creek. After surviving on ground
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months, contrary to Burke's orders to proceed to Coopers' Creek as soon as possible. Wright failed to arrive at Cooper's Creek with the all-too-important reserve provisions and transport before Burke returned from the
906:"Report of the Commissioners appointed to enquire into and report upon the circumstances connected with the sufferings and death of Robert O'Hara Burke and William John Wills, the Victorian explorers"
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The Face Tree (Eucalyptus microtheca), stands on the banks of the waterhole downstream (southwest) of the Dig Tree. It portrays a rendition of the face of Robert O'Hara Burke and the letters ROHB.
574:, taken up by John Conrick in 1873. Prospectors working their way north of Menindee found enormously rich deposits of silver, lead and zinc at Piesse's Knob, later better known as
308:, the young Burke served as a lieutenant in the Austrian cavalry and later the Irish Mounted Constabulary, before immigrating to Australia in 1853. After several postings with the
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forged ahead to the northern coast of Australia. Brahe's party was finally forced to abandon the depot and trek homewards, leaving a message pointing to a cache of buried stores.
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Burke left more provisions at Menindee. He also quarrelled with Landells, who subsequently resigned. Burke promoted Wills to second-in-charge and engaged local man
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referred to the tree as better known as the "Depot Tree", alluding to its function of marking a major stopping and storage place for the expedition.
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declared an area of approximately one acre surrounding the Dig Tree a reserve for memorial purposes, the land placed under the trusteeship of the
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The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organization of importance in Queensland's history.
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had foundered, such was the prominence of the undertaking that a number of search parties were quickly organized. Howitt left from Melbourne,
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erected interpretative signage in 1993. In 1996-1997 further signage was prepared by the Department of Environment, in consultation with the
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Dig Tree pointing to the cache of supplies. Subsequent events would prove to be a litany of missed opportunities and failure to communicate.
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Three days later and approximately seven miles away, Howitt found Burke's remains near Innamincka Waterhole (two miles north of
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323:, England, in 1834. He trained in medicine and migrated to Australia in 1853 and after a short stint working as a shepherd at
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A boardwalk has been constructed around the tree to prevent the ground from being compacted by visitors footfalls. A stone
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The "Face Tree" adjacent to the Dig tree into which John Dick in 1898 carved ROHB and a portrait of John Burke's face, 1935
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protection. The Dig Tree eventually came to be regarded as central to the story of the expedition, partly as a result of
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retracing their steps homewards via the Darling River. During their stay at Camp LXV, Brahe's party erected a timber
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Brahe cut two blazes into this tree in 1861. On the creek side of the trunk "B/LXV" denotes Brahe and Camp 65 in
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1937 book Dig has been credited with changing the tree's popular, and still-current name, to the "Dig Tree".
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on the south-eastern bank of Cooper's Creek. Howitt blazed this tree at the head of Burke's grave.
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with their drivers, packhorses, wagons, food and supplies. In early October the party reached
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crowd farewelled the explorers on 20 August 1860. The party comprised fifteen men, twenty-six
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While working on the survey of the border between Queensland and South Australia, surveyor
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The Victorian Exploring Expedition was undertaken in the spirit of previous epics such as
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southwards. Brahe arrived in Melbourne late in June 1861 to report on the missing men.
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Close up of the carving on the Dig Tree, LXV for camp 65 is still visible, 2008
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remnants of Brahe's stockade also are visible in the photograph. In 1928 the
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to protect themselves and their supplies from the unwanted interest of local
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on 8 October 2014). The geo-coordinates were originally computed from the
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The Arrival of Burke, Wills and King at the deserted Camp at Coopers Creek
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965:. No. 18, 458. Queensland, Australia. 18 March 1924. p. 6
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land, was placed on a cairn near the Dig Tree. On 2 July 1964 the
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Following Burke and Wills across Australia : a touring guide
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and party who had remained at Cooper's Creek while Burke, Wills,
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On April 23 Burke's trio began the 150-mile westward journey to
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passed by Cooper's Creek and made a pencil sketch of the tree.
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on 28 February 2003 having satisfied the following criteria.
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publication, these new interpretative panels were erected
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currently manages the site on behalf of the Society.
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homesteads on the banks of Cooper's Creek, including
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and Walker for leading their various search parties.
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542:) in South Australia. Burke was buried wrapped in a
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to the first north–south crossing of the continent.
459:December 1860) and the date of Brahe's departure.
206:Location of Burke and Wills Dig Tree in Queensland
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661:, and the Stanbroke Pastoral Company. Funded by
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1021:This Knowledge article was originally based on
596:Royal Geographical Society of South Australia
264:The Burke and Wills Dig Tree on the banks of
754:Burke and Wills Dig Tree was listed on the
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1042:"Queensland heritage register boundaries"
874:"Burke and Wills Dig Tree (entry 601073)"
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651:Department of Environment & Heritage
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1053:licence (accessed on 5 September 2014,
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173:plaque, cairn, signage – interpretative
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1085:Royal Historical Society of Queensland
987:Corke, David (2016). "Brahe's Cache".
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1024:"The Queensland heritage register"
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912:. Government Printer Victoria
882:. Queensland Heritage Council
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1103:Queensland Heritage Register
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904:Burke and Wills Commission.
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339:. Wills later studied
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480:Blanchewater Station
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85:27.6237°S 141.0758°E
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368:Ludwig Leichhardt's
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154:Reference no.
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1033:CC-BY 3.0 AU
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703:Thargomindah
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582:The Dig Tree
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217:The Dig Tree
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1012:Attribution
969:18 December
684:Description
673: 1997
576:Broken Hill
521:Rockhampton
88: /
76:141°04′33″E
64:Coordinates
59:, Australia
1097:Categories
801:References
707:Innamincka
677:boardwalks
632:Wanggumara
546:, under a
544:Union Jack
540:Innamincka
448:Aborigines
325:Deniliquin
258:See also:
244:Queensland
225:eucalyptus
146:Designated
73:27°37′25″S
57:Queensland
1001:1030-7710
773:Costellos
415:Balranald
399:Melbourne
345:astronomy
341:surveying
286:John King
1072:Dig Tree
1055:archived
1037:archived
886:1 August
789:See also
548:box tree
529:Brisbane
513:Adelaide
444:stockade
407:Menindee
397:A large
337:Victoria
333:Ballarat
41:Location
916:14 July
769:Duracks
482:, near
409:on the
302:Ireland
254:History
1049:under
1031:under
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642:. The
523:, and
489:nardoo
380:Darwin
378:(near
236:Durham
221:blazed
157:601073
49:Durham
740:cairn
527:from
519:from
511:from
321:Devon
109:Built
997:ISSN
971:2016
937:ISBN
918:2020
888:2014
771:and
649:The
553:The
362:and
343:and
284:and
272:and
228:tree
138:Type
230:at
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