343:
51:
Bwgcolman means "many tribes – one people", or "one people from many groups". The word originates from one of the languages of the many among the relocated people, who decided to unite under this name. Created to give a collective identity to the 46 groups who found themselves frequently in conflict
121:
In 2018, a series of official public events were held to mark the Palm Island
Centenary, being 100 years since the first Aboriginal people were moved to the reserve, creating the Bwcolman people. The occasion was a time of mourning for many descendants of the
60:(who were there before the reserve was established, but had been moved onto the mainland by the Queensland Government in the 1890s), were subject to coercive displacement from a wide-ranging number of Aboriginal communities on the mainland.
103:
328:
452:
2170:
106:(Queensland). The traditional background of these people is often not known, although individuals trace descent from some 43 different tribal groups.
2205:
2198:
2163:
445:
2228:
2177:
438:
309:
2191:
2184:
400:
298:
113:, and confined in to the Aboriginal reserve on Great Palm Island in 1918, known as the Palm Island Aboriginal Settlement.
52:
because of their disparate linguistic and cultural backgrounds, one source says that the term was devised by the
Manbarra
40:
287:"'Forty-plus Different tribes': Displacement, Place-making and Aboriginal Tribal Namjes on Palm Island, Australia"
382:
313:
56:
Dick Palm Island. It is a collective name adopted for the many Palm
Islander peoples who, as distinct from the
76:
53:
2233:
64:
2105:
594:
99:
811:
587:
473:
461:
95:
91:
24:
430:
43:, and their descendants today. The name has also sometimes been applied to the island itself.
390:
378:
286:
110:
75:(although this has not been determined by law, and the Bwcgolman "historical people" have an
1105:
8:
2045:
1830:
1518:
755:
123:
72:
36:
354:
396:
294:
32:
109:
The people were deported from many areas of the
Queensland mainland, as well as the
1413:
1182:
422:
Becoming
Bwgcolman: exile and survival on Palm Island Reserve, 1918 to the present
2049:
2033:
1774:
1301:
804:
420:
2053:
1564:
1098:
1014:
951:
685:
347:
2222:
2135:
2094:
2057:
2041:
1977:
1753:
1711:
1336:
1329:
1196:
1189:
1112:
1042:
909:
748:
706:
573:
531:
1991:
1935:
1928:
1676:
1662:
1613:
1557:
1526:
1455:
1392:
1364:
1343:
1308:
1154:
1119:
1070:
1035:
902:
692:
636:
559:
538:
489:
67:, where the Bwcgolman are described as the "historical people", while the
2114:
2019:
1879:
1858:
1851:
1781:
1718:
1683:
1599:
1434:
1385:
1294:
1266:
1252:
1175:
1147:
1056:
1028:
867:
776:
769:
580:
291:
Belonging in
Oceania: Movement, Place-Making and Multiple Identifications
545:
2142:
2087:
2026:
2012:
1998:
1963:
1907:
1872:
1865:
1844:
1837:
1571:
1550:
1511:
1427:
1399:
1273:
1238:
1133:
1000:
923:
853:
825:
797:
678:
552:
524:
465:
346:
Text may have been copied from this source, which is available under a
28:
1970:
1956:
1914:
1802:
1795:
1788:
1767:
1732:
1725:
1697:
1690:
1634:
1585:
1469:
1448:
1350:
1322:
1210:
1168:
1084:
972:
965:
881:
860:
790:
720:
657:
622:
608:
601:
104:
Aboriginals
Protection and Restriction of the Sale of Opium Act 1897
2121:
1900:
1816:
1746:
1739:
1648:
1592:
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1462:
1441:
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1378:
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846:
734:
664:
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496:
482:
68:
57:
63:
Bwgcolman is also used as a descriptive term in recent claims for
2128:
2080:
2073:
1949:
1921:
1893:
1823:
1760:
1704:
1641:
1620:
1543:
1534:
1530:
1504:
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1371:
1357:
1287:
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1224:
993:
958:
937:
874:
832:
818:
783:
713:
671:
615:
517:
289:. In Hermann, Elfriede; Kempf, Wolfgang; van Meijl, Toon (eds.).
90:
The original inhabitants of Palm Island are the
Manbarra people.
375:
The
Manbarra People and Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority
310:"Palm Island commemorates the centenary of the Bwgcolman people"
184:
2066:
2005:
1942:
1886:
1809:
1669:
1655:
1627:
1578:
1476:
1315:
1203:
1161:
944:
762:
727:
699:
460:
174:
172:
170:
82:
The name has also sometimes been applied to the Island itself.
98:
people) were resettled on Palm Island by the
Queensland Chief
1984:
1483:
1406:
1091:
1007:
741:
342:
167:
1606:
839:
23:(pronounced "Bwookamun") is the self-assigned name for the
201:
199:
240:
238:
16:
Aboriginal Australians living on Palm Islands, Queensland
196:
235:
157:
155:
327:
190:
262:
211:
223:
152:
250:
140:
353:
178:
2220:
446:
361:. Government of Australia. 12 September 2017
307:
205:
308:Hayman-Reber, Madeline (12 February 2018).
94:from throughout Queensland (Aboriginal and
453:
439:
31:mainland, and confined in resettlement on
348:Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
331:. Government of Queensland. 21 March 2018
27:who were deported from many areas of the
425:(PhD thesis). University of Queensland.
373:
256:
2221:
388:
284:
268:
244:
229:
217:
161:
146:
434:
13:
411:
293:. Berghahn Books. pp. 49–70.
14:
2245:
419:Watson, Joanne (1 January 1994).
116:
41:Palm Island Aboriginal Settlement
2229:Aboriginal peoples of Queensland
392:Palm Island: Through a Long Lens
341:
126:created by the forced removals.
383:Administrative Appeals Tribunal
35:after the establishment of an
1:
77:Indigenous land use agreement
395:. Aboriginal Studies Press.
134:
7:
10:
2250:
812:Guugu Yimithirr/Kokoimudji
277:
191:Queensland Government 2018
2152:
2104:
472:
379:[2004] AATA 268
355:"Palm Island (Bwgcolman)"
85:
129:
102:under provisions of the
2106:Torres Strait Islanders
595:Bidjara (Warrego River)
389:Watson, Joanne (2010).
100:Protector of Aborigines
46:
588:Bidjara (Bulloo River)
381: (15 March 2004),
179:Indigenous.gov.au 2017
96:Torres Strait Islander
92:Indigenous Australians
79:with the government).
25:Aboriginal Australians
2158:By state or territory
1663:Uw Oykangand/Kwantari
798:Gungganyji/Kongkandji
770:Gugu-Badhun/Kokopatun
462:Indigenous Australian
285:Garond, Lise (2014).
111:Torres Strait Islands
71:are (arguably) the
39:there in 1918, the
2171:Northern Territory
124:Stolen Generations
73:traditional owners
37:Aboriginal reserve
2216:
2215:
2206:Western Australia
805:Gunggari/Kunggari
651:Djabugay/Tjapukai
402:978-0-855-75703-8
359:Indigenous.gov.au
300:978-1-782-38416-8
247:, pp. 59–61.
206:Hayman-Reber 2018
33:Great Palm Island
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2234:North Queensland
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2204:
2197:
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2185:South Australia
2183:
2176:
2169:
2164:New South Wales
2162:
2157:
2148:
2141:
2134:
2127:
2120:
2113:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2079:
2072:
2065:
2039:
2032:
2025:
2018:
2011:
2004:
1997:
1990:
1983:
1976:
1969:
1962:
1955:
1948:
1941:
1934:
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1920:
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1906:
1899:
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412:Further reading
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88:
49:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2125:
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2110:
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2099:
2098:
2091:
2084:
2077:
2070:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2030:
2023:
2016:
2009:
2002:
1995:
1988:
1981:
1974:
1967:
1960:
1953:
1946:
1939:
1932:
1925:
1918:
1911:
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1172:
1165:
1158:
1151:
1144:
1137:
1130:
1123:
1116:
1109:
1102:
1099:Kugu Nganhcara
1095:
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1074:
1067:
1060:
1053:
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766:
763:Kutjala/Gudjal
759:
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745:
738:
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703:
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689:
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675:
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371:
351:
325:
305:
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281:
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249:
234:
222:
220:, p. 143.
210:
195:
183:
166:
151:
138:
136:
133:
131:
128:
118:
117:2018 centenary
115:
87:
84:
48:
45:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2235:
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2230:
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2203:
2200:
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2111:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2096:
2095:Yurlayurlanya
2092:
2089:
2085:
2082:
2078:
2075:
2071:
2068:
2064:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2046:Wanggeriburra
2043:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2028:
2024:
2021:
2017:
2014:
2010:
2007:
2003:
2000:
1996:
1993:
1989:
1986:
1982:
1979:
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1972:
1968:
1965:
1961:
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1951:
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1471:
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1113:Kuku Nyungkal
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329:"Palm Island"
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270:
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1558:Rungarungawa
1120:Kuku Yalanji
1071:Kokowalandja
1036:Kokobujundji
629:
421:
391:
374:
363:. Retrieved
358:
333:. Retrieved
317:. Retrieved
290:
264:
257:AustLII 2004
252:
225:
213:
186:
149:, p. i.
142:
120:
108:
89:
81:
65:native title
62:
50:
20:
18:
2020:Yirrganydji
1880:Wulgurukaba
1859:Wongkadjera
1831:Wik-Mungkan
1719:Wakka Wakka
1684:Wadjabangai
1600:Tjongkandji
1519:Quandamooka
1435:Ngulungbara
1386:Ngandangara
1295:Mayi-Kutuna
1267:Mandandanji
1148:Kungkalenja
1057:Kokonyekodi
1029:Kokobididji
777:Gugu Rarmul
756:Gubbi Gubbi
581:Birri Gubba
464:peoples in
365:27 February
269:Garond 2014
245:Garond 2014
230:Watson 2010
218:Watson 2010
162:Watson 2010
147:Watson 2010
2223:Categories
2178:Queensland
2088:Yungkurara
2050:Kombumerri
2027:Yir-Yoront
2013:Yirandhali
1999:Yintyingka
1964:Yetimarala
1908:Yadhaykenu
1873:Woppaburra
1866:Wongkumara
1845:Winduwinda
1838:Wiknatanja
1572:Taribelang
1551:Ringaringa
1512:Punthamara
1428:Nguburinji
1400:Ngathokudi
1274:Maranganji
1239:Maithakari
1134:Kungadutji
854:Julaolinja
826:Injilarija
679:Djindubari
553:Barungguan
525:Bakanambia
474:Aboriginal
466:Queensland
29:Queensland
2122:Kaurareg
2054:Mununjali
1971:Yetteneru
1957:Yalarnnga
1915:Yagalingu
1803:Wikatinda
1796:Wikapatja
1789:Wikampama
1768:Warakamai
1733:Walmbaria
1726:Walangama
1698:Wakabunga
1691:Wadjalang
1635:Umpithamu
1586:Thaayorre
1470:Nyuwathai
1449:Ngurawola
1414:Ngaygungu
1351:Muluridji
1323:Mimungkum
1211:Madjandji
1183:Lama Lama
1169:Kuungkari
1085:Kongabula
973:Karingbal
966:Karendala
924:Kalkadoon
882:Kabalbara
861:Jupangati
791:Gumakudin
658:Djagaraga
630:Bwgcolman
623:Butchulla
609:Bugulmara
602:Biyaygiri
135:Citations
21:Bwgcolman
2199:Victoria
2192:Tasmania
2058:Tulgigin
2042:Gugingin
2034:Yugambeh
1901:Wuthathi
1817:Wikianji
1775:Warrongo
1747:Wanamara
1740:Waluwara
1649:Unduyamo
1593:Thereila
1525:Hordes:
1498:Pitapita
1463:Nyawagyi
1442:Ngundjan
1421:Nggamadi
1379:Ngajanji
1302:Mbabaram
1260:Manbarra
1246:Malintji
1232:Maikulan
1218:Maiawali
1141:Kunggara
1127:Kulumali
1078:Kokowara
1064:Kokopera
1050:Kokomini
1022:Kokangol
1015:Koinjmal
987:Kaurareg
980:Karuwali
931:Kambuwal
917:Kalibamu
896:Kaiadilt
889:Kaiabara
847:Jarowair
735:Girramay
665:Djakunda
644:Darumbal
567:Bigambul
546:Baruŋgam
511:Ayapathu
504:Ayabakan
497:Atjinuri
483:Ankamuti
350:licence.
335:30 April
319:30 April
69:Manbarra
58:Manbarra
2129:Mabuiag
2081:Yukulta
2074:Yuibera
2040:Clans:
1950:Yanggal
1922:Yambina
1894:Wulpura
1824:Wikmean
1761:Wanjuru
1705:Wakaman
1642:Undanbi
1621:Turrbal
1565:Tagalag
1544:Rakkaia
1535:Goenpul
1531:Nunukul
1505:Pontunj
1491:Pakadji
1372:Mutumui
1358:Muragan
1288:Marulta
1281:Marrago
1225:Maijabi
1106:Kukatja
994:Kawadji
959:Kareldi
952:Karanja
938:Kangulu
875:Kaantju
833:Injinoo
819:Iningai
784:Gulngai
714:Geynyon
686:Dyirbal
672:Djankun
616:Buluwai
518:Badjiri
278:Sources
2136:Meriam
2067:Yugara
2006:Yinwum
1978:Yidiny
1943:Yangga
1887:Wulili
1810:Wikepa
1754:Wangan
1712:Wakara
1670:Waanyi
1656:Unjadi
1628:Umpila
1579:Tepiti
1477:Olkola
1337:Mitaka
1316:Mbewum
1204:Lotiga
1197:Lardil
1190:Lanima
1162:Kutjal
945:Kanolu
910:Kalali
728:Giabal
707:Garrwa
700:Ewamin
574:Bindal
532:Barada
399:
297:
86:People
1992:Yiman
1985:Yilba
1936:Yanga
1929:Yanda
1677:Wadja
1614:Tulua
1527:Ngugi
1484:Otati
1456:Nguri
1407:Ngaun
1393:Ngaro
1365:Murri
1344:Miyan
1309:Mbara
1155:Kunja
1092:Kooma
1008:Koamu
903:Kairi
742:Goeng
693:Djiru
637:Dalla
560:Bidia
539:Barna
490:Araba
377:
130:Notes
54:elder
2115:Badu
1852:Wiri
1607:Totj
1253:Mamu
1176:Laia
868:Juru
840:Ithu
397:ISBN
367:2020
337:2021
321:2021
314:NITV
295:ISBN
47:Name
19:The
2143:Mua
1782:Wik
1001:Koa
721:Gia
2225::
2056:,
2052:,
2048:,
2044:,
1533:,
1529:,
357:.
312:.
237:^
198:^
169:^
154:^
454:e
447:t
440:v
405:.
369:.
339:.
323:.
303:.
259:.
208:.
193:.
181:.
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