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Byzantine–Hungarian War (1127–1129)

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272:, the richest land in Hungary" (now in Serbia). Due to his illness, Stephen II stayed away from the campaign, thus his army was commanded by a certain Setephel during the siege. The Byzantines were victorious both on the river and on land. Many fleeing Hungarians were killed when a bridge across the stream Krassó broke under their weight. 308:, took Braničevo by storm and destroyed its fortress. The returning John II convicted Kourtikios – leader of the Byzantine garrison – of a charge of high treason, despite that the commander did not abandon the besieged fort until its capture. Meanwhile, the Serbs also besieged and captured the fortress of 332:
Cinnamus describes a Byzantine reverse occurring before peace was established, which suggests that the campaign was not entirely one-sided. Hungarian records, however, agree with Choniates in indicating that King Stephen was again defeated and was consequently forced to negotiate a peace on Byzantine
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to serve as military colonists. This was done partly to cow the Serbs into submission (Serbia was, at least nominally, a Byzantine protectorate), and partly to strengthen the Byzantine frontier in the east against the Turks. The Serbs were forced to acknowledge Byzantine suzerainty once again. In
198:"sent his envoys to the emperor and demanded that" Álmos "be expelled from" the Byzantine Empire, but his request was rejected. The sources do not specify the date of Álmos's flee, but it seems to have occurred in about 1125. In addition, Stephen II received and sheltered those chieftains of the 315:
The Hungarians had renewed hostilities, possibly so that King Stephen could be seen to reassert his authority, by attacking the Byzantine frontier fortress of Braničevo, which was immediately rebuilt and fortified by John. The emperor was forced to retreat to the valley of
292:) and 'Ivan', were declared kings. Both were eventually defeated, Ivan being beheaded and Bors fleeing to Byzantium. Stephen was unable to participate in any of the fighting because he was sick, recuperating in his homeland, according to John Kinnamos. 336:
Historian Ferenc Makk thinks that Emperor John II Komnenos was forced to retreat and sue for peace and that the treaty was signed in October 1129. The Byzantines were confirmed in their control of Braničevo, Belgrade, and
178:"attacked and plundered the Hungarians who had come to" the Byzantine Empire "to trade, perpetrating the worst crimes against them." Around the same time, the blinded Hungarian pretender 1825: 159:
between 1127 and 1129. Byzantine primary sources, Cinnamus and Choniates, give little detail about this campaign; no dates are specified, and what they do say differs considerably.
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Despite the fact that Álmos died in exile on 1 September 1127, the war continued between Hungary and the Byzantium. In response to Stephen's attack, Emperor
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The chronology presented here, 1127–1129, follows that of Michael Angold and other scholars, but John Fine has the events taking place earlier in 1125–1126.
1730: 1740: 1113: 1899: 1865: 233:(Plovdiv, Bulgaria), before returning to Hungary. The Hungarian army tried to break the Byzantine defense line along the kingdom's southern border in the 3164: 3119: 2365: 1840: 1780: 1949: 1944: 1939: 1934: 1929: 1924: 1919: 1914: 1909: 1870: 1835: 1795: 1790: 1735: 3114: 1338: 3329: 279:. Dangerously for the Byzantines the Serbs had aligned themselves with Hungary. Many Serbian prisoners were taken, and these were transported to 908: 2440: 3063: 1987: 1982: 1967: 1269: 80: 2487: 959: 901: 288:
Hungary, the defeat at Haram undermined Stephen II's authority and he faced a serious revolt when two counts, named 'Bors' (possibly
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John Kinnamos wrote of a second campaign by Stephen against the Byzantine Empire, when the Hungarian troops, supported by
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Stephen II of Hungary broke into the empire in the summer of 1127. The king recruited 700 mercenaries from "
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confirms that the emperor "regarded" Álmos "favorably and received him with kindness". He adds that king
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The Arpads and the Comneni: Political Relations between Hungary and Byzantium in the 12th Century
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The Cambridge Medieval History: The Byzantine Empire. Byzantium and its Neighbours, Volume 4
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by the Byzantine Empire in 1122, which also increased the tension between the two realms.
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auxiliaries) along with his river fleet, where he defeated the Hungarian royal troops in
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The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century
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Following his victory over the Hungarians John II launched a punitive raid against the
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river, but the advancing Hungarians defeated his army's rearguard at the strait of
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Byzantium's Balkan Frontier: A Political Study of the Northern Balkans, 900–1204
346: 179: 3047: 2967: 2952: 2927: 2663: 2633: 2536: 2400: 1664: 1570: 1556: 237:; the Hungarians transported the stones of Belgrade to strengthen the walls of 269: 3288: 3052: 2713: 2531: 2320: 1238: 708: 261: 191: 142: 717:. New York City and West Sussex, United Kingdom: Columbia University Press. 3226: 2744: 2703: 2460: 1353: 3249: 2286: 2200: 1445: 932: 2581: 2576: 1629: 284: 213:", who are well versed in the use of siege engines. His troops sacked 280: 199: 321: 309: 257: 226: 214: 137: 3269: 3259: 3254: 754:
Háborúban Bizánccal. Magyarország és a Balkán a 11–12. században
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Forging unity: The South Slavs between East and West 550-1150
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Choniates, Niketas; Magoulias, Harry J. (trans.) (1984).
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was fought between Byzantine and Hungarian forces on the
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marched against Hungary in 1128 (with mercenaries from
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died in 1127, removing the major source of friction.
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The Byzantine Empire, 1025–1204: A Political History
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Summer of 1127 – October 1129 – chronology uncertain
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Liberation of Serbia, Albania and Montenegro (1918)
693:. Detroit, Michigan: Wayne State University Press. 304:reinforcements under the command of Duke Václav of 3155:December 14, 1998, Albanian–Yugoslav border ambush 686: 647: 617: 594:Deeds of John and Manuel Comnenus by John Kinnamos 512: 500: 422:Deeds of John and Manuel Comnenus by John Kinnamos 410:Deeds of John and Manuel Comnenus by John Kinnamos 376: 245:), the Hungarian stronghold opposite it along the 3110:Albanian–Yugoslav border incident (December 1998) 427: 182:also fled to the Byzantine Empire, where Emperor 3286: 690:O City of Byzantium: Annals of Niketas Choniates 3165:July 18, 1998, Albanian–Yugoslav border clashes 3120:April 23, 1998, Albanian–Yugoslav border ambush 803:. Michigan: The University of Michigan Press. 611: 3115:Albania–Yugoslav border incident (April 1999) 909: 2441:Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War 862:A History of the Byzantine State and Society 3225: 3064:NATO intervention in Bosnia and Herzegovina 916: 902: 838: 557: 2488:June 1941 uprising in eastern Herzegovina 859: 845:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 463: 163:Differing chronologies and first campaign 878: 751: 707: 629: 605: 581: 482: 448: 397: 3330:Wars involving medieval Serbian states 3287: 3199:Dubrava Prison bombings and executions 1349:Mongol invasion of Bulgaria and Serbia 1170:Ottoman invasion of Serbia (1454–1455) 1145:Ottoman invasion of Serbia (1439–1444) 824:. Budapest, Hungary: Akadémiai Kiadó. 740: 533: 341:and they also recovered the region of 170:According to the Byzantine chronicler 1344:Serbian conflict with the Nogai Horde 1295:Serbian invasion of Macedonia led by 897: 174:, the citizens of the Byzantine town 817: 793: 772: 665: 653: 641: 569: 545: 521: 506: 494: 436: 385: 2446:Albanian-Yugoslav Border War (1921) 1988:Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1876–1878) 1983:Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1861–1862) 1968:Montenegrin–Ottoman War (1852–1853) 1329:Byzantine–Hungarian War (1127–1129) 1286:Byzantine–Hungarian War (1127–1129) 1270:Byzantine–Hungarian War (1149–1155) 221:, and plundered the regions around 13: 1185:Ottoman invasion of Serbia in 1456 1142:Ottoman invasion of Serbia in 1438 1134:Ottoman invasion of Serbia in 1437 1131:Ottoman invasion of Serbia in 1427 1128:Ottoman invasion of Serbia in 1425 747:. London, United Kingdom: Longman. 295: 14: 3356: 2765:1991 Yugoslav campaign in Croatia 1358:Hungarian–Serbian War (1321-1324) 1198:Ottoman invasion and conquest of 960:Bulgarian–Serbian wars of 917–924 714:Deeds of John and Manuel Comnenus 3181:Insurgency in the Preševo Valley 2815:Battle of the Dalmatian Channels 2087:Herzegovina uprising (1852–1862) 2068:Serbian-Turkish Wars (1876–1878) 1372:Serbian nobility conflict (1369) 1303:Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347 1291:Byzantine civil war of 1321–1328 925:Wars and battles involving Serbs 1507:Battle of Saint Gotthard (1705) 1452:Hungarian campaign of 1527–1528 965:Bulgarian–Serbian border revolt 659: 635: 623: 587: 539: 527: 2850:Battle of the Miljevci Plateau 2326:Battle of the Crna Bend (1916) 2041:Adriatic campaign of 1807–1814 1547:Austro-Turkish War (1788–1791) 1512:Austro-Turkish War (1716–1718) 618:Choniates & Magoulias 1984 415: 403: 367: 358: 1: 3310:1120s in the Byzantine Empire 2689:Operation Rösselsprung (1944) 2614:Nagykanizsa–Körmend Offensive 2483:Uprising in Montenegro (1941) 2098:Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) 1688:Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743) 1597:Kočina Krajina Serb rebellion 1522:Russo-Turkish War (1735–1739) 1502:Rákóczi's War of Independence 1319:Hungarian invasions of Europe 864:. Stanford University Press. 352: 3335:Grand Principality of Serbia 2057:Hungarian Revolution of 1848 2003:Battles for Plav and Gusinje 1683:War of the Polish Succession 995:Bulgarian-Serbian War (1330) 990:Bulgarian-Serbian War (1291) 985:Bulgarian-Serbian War (1290) 980:Bulgarian-Serbian War (1203) 975:Bulgarian-Serbian War (1202) 7: 2709:Stratsin-Kumanovo operation 2659:Operation Southeast Croatia 1244:Slav Uprising in Pomoravlje 773:Bury, John Bagnell (1975). 10: 3361: 3193:NATO bombing of Yugoslavia 3085:Operation Maritime Monitor 3080:Operation Deliberate Force 2810:Siege of Bjelovar Barracks 2805:Siege of Varaždin Barracks 2699:Operation Spring Awakening 2572:Capture of Banja Koviljača 2241:Siege of Odrin (1912–1913) 1602:Battle of Martinići (1796) 1592:Serb uprising of 1737–1739 1577:Serb Uprising of 1596–1597 1234:Serb Uprising of 1038–1042 1046:Fall of the Serbian Empire 860:Treadgold, Warren (1997). 795:Fine, John Van Antwerp Jr. 674: 186:settled them in a town in 3218: 3095: 2895: 2737: 2724:Battle of Sarajevo (1945) 2552:1942 Montenegro offensive 2477:Uprising in Serbia (1941) 2459: 2416: 2285: 2199: 2156: 2149: 2118:Battle of Sarajevo (1878) 2093:Krivošije uprising (1869) 2051:Priest Jovica's Rebellion 2028: 1960: 1714: 1707: 1663: 1620: 1555: 1436: 1429: 1367:Serbian civil war of 1331 1311: 1224: 1008: 950:Bulgar–Serb War (839–842) 940: 931: 839:Stephenson, Paul (2000). 758:(in Hungarian). Corvina. 327: 109: 86: 65: 25: 20: 3325:Byzantine–Hungarian wars 3235:Central African Republic 3145:Battle of Belaćevac Mine 3028:Battle of Vrbanja Bridge 2938:Siege of Bihać (1992–95) 2684:Siege of Rogatica (1941) 2509:Battle of Loznica (1941) 1517:Siege of Belgrade (1717) 1492:Siege of Belgrade (1690) 1477:Siege of Belgrade (1688) 1407:Siege of Belgrade (1440) 970:Bulgarian-Serb War (998) 752:B. Szabó, János (2013). 741:Angold, Michael (1984). 42:Central Balkans, by the 3315:12th century in Hungary 3187:Prizren incident (1999) 3058:Operation Southern Move 2903:Battle of Bosanski Brod 2750:Plitvice Lakes incident 2694:Kosovo Operation (1944) 2629:Capture of Olovo (1941) 2599:Battle of Kupres (1942) 2547:Battle of Lijevče Field 2361:Kosovo offensive (1915) 2186:Fight on Čelopek (1906) 1884:Second Serbian Uprising 1673:Serbian Hussar Regiment 1582:Battle of Mohács (1687) 1565:Long War (Ottoman wars) 1412:Battle of Kosovo (1448) 1138:Battle of Trnava (1430) 153:Byzantine–Hungarian War 21:Byzantine–Hungarian War 3320:12th century in Serbia 2865:Operation Medak Pocket 2800:Battle of the Barracks 2526:Battle of the Sutjeska 2470:Invasion of Yugoslavia 2451:Drenica-Junik Uprising 2371:Battle of Malka Nidzhe 2351:Battle of Kaymakchalan 2191:Battle of Pirot (1913) 2113:Battle of Vitez (1878) 2108:Battle of Jajce (1878) 2062:Battle of Vršac (1849) 1816:Liberation of Belgrade 1725:First Serbian Uprising 1635:Cretan War (1645–1669) 1537:Battle of Petrovaradin 1417:Fall of Constantinople 1362:War of Hum (1326–1329) 1297:Syrgiannes Palaiologos 1108:Battle of Vitosha Pass 1037:Battle of Sırp Sındığı 424:(1.4), pp. 17–18. 87:Commanders and leaders 3204:1999 F-117A shootdown 3075:Operation Deny Flight 3070:1995 Pale air strikes 2948:Operation Corridor 92 2755:Battle of Borovo Selo 2587:Operation Draufgänger 2270:Siege of Vidin (1913) 2166:Fight on Šuplji Kamen 1876:Hadži Prodan's Revolt 1746:Batočina and Jagodina 1265:Battle of Tara (1150) 1154:Battle of Nish (1443) 1026:Battle of Stephaniana 955:Bulgar–Serb War (853) 818:Makk, Ferenc (1989). 364:Angold (1984), p. 154 196:Stephen II of Hungary 3104:Insurgency in Kosovo 3023:Operation Summer '95 2998:Operation Winter '94 2880:Operation Summer '95 2870:Operation Winter '94 2654:Operation Mihailovic 2649:Operation Kugelblitz 2493:Battle of Novi Pazar 2336:Battle of Dobro Pole 2296:Montenegrin campaign 2275:Ohrid–Debar uprising 2255:Battle of Bregalnica 2181:Fight in Velika Hoča 1826:Malajnica and Štubik 1678:Pruth River Campaign 1645:Battle on Vrtijeljka 1542:Battle of Banja Luka 1487:Battle of Niš (1689) 1402:Battle of Despotovac 1324:Magyar–Serb conflict 1213:Ottoman conquest of 1206:Battle of Breadfield 1091:Battle of Karanovasa 1058:Battle of Dubravnica 3043:Operation Mistral 2 2973:Operation Bøllebank 2943:Operation Vrbas '92 2918:Siege of Srebrenica 2860:Operation Maslenica 2835:Operation Whirlwind 2729:Battle of Zelengora 2431:Uprising in Drenica 2391:Ovče Pole Offensive 2341:Battle of the Drina 2265:Battle of Knjaževac 2260:Battle of Kalimanci 2236:Siege of Adrianople 2158:Macedonian Struggle 2135:Battle of Slivnitsa 2125:Serbo-Bulgarian War 2055:Several battles of 1650:Battle of Slankamen 1587:Uprising in Vučitrn 1467:Battle of Keresztes 1462:Battle of Sződfalva 1392:Battle of Kosmidion 1382:Battle of Nicopolis 1260:Siege of Ras (1127) 1021:Battle of Gallipoli 497:, pp. 234–235. 3150:Battle of Podujevo 3140:Battle of Oraovica 3125:Attack on Orahovac 2830:Operation Orkan 91 2825:Operation Otkos 10 2820:Siege of Dubrovnik 2679:Operation Prijedor 2644:Operation Kopaonik 2604:Battle of Višegrad 2567:Belgrade Offensive 2498:Battle of Pljevlja 2436:Christmas Uprising 2381:Monastir offensive 2356:Battle of Kolubara 2331:Battle of Bazargic 2302:Battle of Mojkovac 2226:Battle of Monastir 2216:Battle of Kumanovo 2176:Fight in Tabanovce 2046:Jančić's rebellion 1993:Battle of Vučji Do 1973:Battle of Grahovac 1716:Serbian Revolution 1482:Battle of Batočina 1275:Siege of Braničevo 1194:Siege of Smederevo 1180:Battle of Leskovac 1174:Battle of Kruševac 1165:Battle of Kunovica 1159:Battle of Zlatitsa 1124:Second Scutari War 1114:Battle of Carmorlu 1102:Siege of Novo Brdo 1096:Battle of Tripolje 1031:Battle of Demotika 1000:Battle of Velbazhd 312:(Ražanj, Serbia). 55:Byzantine Victory 3282: 3281: 3278: 3277: 3214: 3213: 3160:Battle of Glođane 3038:Operation Miracle 2913:Siege of Sarajevo 2840:Operation Baranja 2795:Battle of Kusonje 2785:Battle of Šibenik 2775:Battle of Vukovar 2760:Operation Stinger 2719:Battle of Zvornik 2674:Battle of Poljana 2639:Operation Delphin 2520:Battle of Neretva 2346:Battle of Florina 2249:Second Balkan War 2145: 2144: 2036:Kumanovo uprising 2013:Battle of Novšiće 1998:Battle of Fundina 1978:Battle of Kolašin 1703: 1702: 1640:Great Turkish War 1532:Battle of Trenčín 1472:Great Turkish War 1425: 1424: 1397:Battle of Çamurlu 1334:Battle of Sirmium 1281:Battle of Pantina 1226:Serbian–Byzantine 1189:Siege of Belgrade 1119:First Scutari War 1085:Serbian Despotate 1070:Battle of Pločnik 1052:Battle of Maritsa 1017:Early skirmishes 942:Serbian–Bulgarian 852:978-0-521-77017-0 831:978-9-63-055268-4 786:978-0-52-104535-3 765:978-963-13-6150-6 724:978-0-23-104080-8 709:Cinnamus, Ioannes 700:978-0-81-431764-8 620:, pp. 11–12. 572:, pp. 26–27. 548:, pp. 25–26. 373:Fine, pp. 235–236 266:a battle at Haram 172:Niketas Choniates 149: 148: 98:Václav of Olomouc 61: 60: 3352: 3345:John II Komnenos 3223: 3222: 3175:Battle of Košare 3130:Attack on Prekaz 3033:Battle of Vozuća 3018:Operation Leap 2 3013:Battle of Orašje 3008:Operation Leap 1 3003:Battle of Vlašić 2993:Operation Spider 2988:Operation Amanda 2983:Battle of Kupres 2933:Operation Jackal 2923:Siege of Goražde 2908:Battle of Kupres 2845:Operation Jackal 2780:Battle of Gospić 2770:Battle of Osijek 2609:Mostar operation 2593:Kozara Offensive 2562:Battle of Batina 2542:Battle of Mostar 2503:Battle of Kozara 2406:Toplica Uprising 2396:Vardar offensive 2386:Morava Offensive 2376:Macedonian front 2315:Serbian campaign 2307:Battle of Lovćen 2231:Siege of Scutari 2221:Battle of Prilep 2210:First Balkan War 2171:Fight on Čelopek 2154: 2153: 2081:Siege of Cattaro 2074:Battle of Vranje 2018:Battle of Murino 1712: 1711: 1693:Seven Years' War 1612:Battle of Lopate 1457:Battle of Szőlős 1434: 1433: 1387:Battle of Ankara 1377:Battle of Rovine 1249:Battle of Zvečan 1149:Crusade of Varna 1076:Battle of Kosovo 938: 937: 918: 911: 904: 895: 894: 889: 875: 856: 835: 814: 790: 769: 748: 728: 704: 669: 663: 657: 651: 645: 639: 633: 627: 621: 615: 609: 603: 597: 591: 585: 579: 573: 567: 561: 555: 549: 543: 537: 531: 525: 519: 510: 504: 498: 492: 486: 480: 467: 461: 452: 446: 440: 434: 425: 419: 413: 407: 401: 395: 389: 383: 374: 371: 365: 362: 268:, and "captured 254:John II Komnenos 217:, Braničevo and 190:. The Byzantine 184:John II Komnenos 102:John II Komnenos 81:Byzantine Empire 27: 26: 18: 17: 3360: 3359: 3355: 3354: 3353: 3351: 3350: 3349: 3340:1120s conflicts 3285: 3284: 3283: 3274: 3210: 3170:Battle of Junik 3091: 2978:Operation Tiger 2963:Siege of Mostar 2891: 2886:Operation Storm 2875:Operation Flash 2855:Operation Tiger 2790:Battle of Zadar 2733: 2669:Operation Uzice 2624:Battle of Odžak 2557:Bihać Operation 2515:Battle of Livno 2455: 2412: 2281: 2195: 2141: 2130:Battle of Pirot 2024: 1956: 1811:Belgrade (1806) 1699: 1659: 1655:Battle of Senta 1616: 1607:Battle of Krusi 1551: 1527:Battle of Zsibó 1497:Battle of Lugos 1421: 1339:Battle of Gacko 1307: 1255:Battle of Haram 1220: 1064:Battle of Savra 1010:Serbian–Ottoman 1004: 927: 922: 892: 880:Živković, Tibor 872: 853: 832: 811: 787: 766: 731: 725: 701: 677: 672: 664: 660: 652: 648: 640: 636: 628: 624: 616: 612: 604: 600: 592: 588: 580: 576: 568: 564: 558:Stephenson 2000 556: 552: 544: 540: 532: 528: 520: 513: 505: 501: 493: 489: 481: 470: 462: 455: 447: 443: 435: 428: 420: 416: 408: 404: 396: 392: 384: 377: 372: 368: 363: 359: 355: 330: 298: 296:Second campaign 290:Boris Kalamanos 165: 141: 136: 125: 120: 116: 104: 97: 95: 74: 46: 12: 11: 5: 3358: 3348: 3347: 3342: 3337: 3332: 3327: 3322: 3317: 3312: 3307: 3305:1129 in Europe 3302: 3300:1128 in Europe 3297: 3295:1127 in Europe 3280: 3279: 3276: 3275: 3273: 3272: 3267: 3262: 3257: 3252: 3247: 3242: 3237: 3231: 3229: 3220: 3216: 3215: 3212: 3211: 3209: 3208: 3207: 3206: 3201: 3189: 3184: 3177: 3172: 3167: 3162: 3157: 3152: 3147: 3142: 3137: 3135:Battle of Lođa 3132: 3127: 3122: 3117: 3112: 3107: 3099: 3097: 3093: 3092: 3090: 3089: 3088: 3087: 3082: 3077: 3072: 3060: 3055: 3050: 3048:Operation Sana 3045: 3040: 3035: 3030: 3025: 3020: 3015: 3010: 3005: 3000: 2995: 2990: 2985: 2980: 2975: 2970: 2968:Operation Irma 2965: 2960: 2958:Kravica attack 2955: 2953:Operation Bura 2950: 2945: 2940: 2935: 2930: 2928:Siege of Doboj 2925: 2920: 2915: 2910: 2905: 2899: 2897: 2893: 2892: 2890: 2889: 2882: 2877: 2872: 2867: 2862: 2857: 2852: 2847: 2842: 2837: 2832: 2827: 2822: 2817: 2812: 2807: 2802: 2797: 2792: 2787: 2782: 2777: 2772: 2767: 2762: 2757: 2752: 2747: 2741: 2739: 2735: 2734: 2732: 2731: 2726: 2721: 2716: 2711: 2706: 2701: 2696: 2691: 2686: 2681: 2676: 2671: 2666: 2664:Operation Trio 2661: 2656: 2651: 2646: 2641: 2636: 2634:Operation Alfa 2631: 2626: 2621: 2616: 2611: 2606: 2601: 2596: 2589: 2584: 2579: 2574: 2569: 2564: 2559: 2554: 2549: 2544: 2539: 2537:Battle of Knin 2534: 2529: 2522: 2517: 2512: 2505: 2500: 2495: 2490: 2485: 2480: 2473: 2465: 2463: 2457: 2456: 2454: 2453: 2448: 2443: 2438: 2433: 2428: 2422: 2420: 2414: 2413: 2411: 2410: 2409: 2408: 2403: 2401:Srem Offensive 2398: 2393: 2388: 2383: 2378: 2373: 2368: 2363: 2358: 2353: 2348: 2343: 2338: 2333: 2328: 2323: 2311: 2310: 2309: 2304: 2291: 2289: 2283: 2282: 2280: 2279: 2278: 2277: 2272: 2267: 2262: 2257: 2245: 2244: 2243: 2238: 2233: 2228: 2223: 2218: 2205: 2203: 2197: 2196: 2194: 2193: 2188: 2183: 2178: 2173: 2168: 2162: 2160: 2151: 2147: 2146: 2143: 2142: 2140: 2139: 2138: 2137: 2132: 2122: 2121: 2120: 2115: 2110: 2100: 2095: 2090: 2083: 2078: 2077: 2076: 2064: 2059: 2053: 2048: 2043: 2038: 2032: 2030: 2026: 2025: 2023: 2022: 2021: 2020: 2015: 2010: 2008:Velika attacks 2000: 1995: 1990: 1985: 1980: 1975: 1970: 1964: 1962: 1958: 1957: 1955: 1954: 1953: 1952: 1947: 1942: 1937: 1932: 1927: 1922: 1917: 1912: 1907: 1902: 1897: 1892: 1880: 1879: 1878: 1873: 1868: 1863: 1858: 1853: 1848: 1843: 1838: 1833: 1828: 1823: 1818: 1813: 1808: 1803: 1798: 1793: 1788: 1783: 1778: 1773: 1768: 1763: 1758: 1753: 1748: 1743: 1738: 1733: 1720: 1718: 1709: 1705: 1704: 1701: 1700: 1698: 1697: 1696: 1695: 1690: 1685: 1680: 1669: 1667: 1661: 1660: 1658: 1657: 1652: 1647: 1642: 1637: 1632: 1626: 1624: 1618: 1617: 1615: 1614: 1609: 1604: 1599: 1594: 1589: 1584: 1579: 1574: 1571:Banat Uprising 1568: 1561: 1559: 1553: 1552: 1550: 1549: 1544: 1539: 1534: 1529: 1524: 1519: 1514: 1509: 1504: 1499: 1494: 1489: 1484: 1479: 1474: 1469: 1464: 1459: 1454: 1449: 1442: 1440: 1431: 1427: 1426: 1423: 1422: 1420: 1419: 1414: 1409: 1404: 1399: 1394: 1389: 1384: 1379: 1374: 1369: 1364: 1359: 1356: 1351: 1346: 1341: 1336: 1331: 1326: 1321: 1315: 1313: 1309: 1308: 1306: 1305: 1300: 1293: 1288: 1283: 1278: 1272: 1267: 1262: 1257: 1252: 1246: 1241: 1236: 1230: 1228: 1222: 1221: 1219: 1218: 1211: 1210: 1209: 1203: 1196: 1191: 1186: 1183: 1177: 1171: 1168: 1162: 1156: 1151: 1146: 1143: 1140: 1135: 1132: 1129: 1126: 1121: 1116: 1111: 1105: 1099: 1093: 1081: 1080: 1079: 1073: 1067: 1061: 1055: 1042: 1041: 1040: 1034: 1028: 1023: 1014: 1012: 1006: 1005: 1003: 1002: 997: 992: 987: 982: 977: 972: 967: 962: 957: 952: 946: 944: 935: 929: 928: 921: 920: 913: 906: 898: 891: 890: 876: 870: 857: 851: 836: 830: 815: 809: 791: 785: 770: 764: 749: 737: 736: 735: 730: 729: 723: 705: 699: 683: 682: 681: 676: 673: 671: 670: 668:, p. 235. 658: 646: 644:, Chapter XII. 634: 622: 610: 608:, p. 107. 598: 586: 584:, p. 105. 574: 562: 560:, p. 208. 550: 538: 536:, p. 153. 526: 511: 499: 487: 485:, p. 104. 468: 466:, p. 631. 464:Treadgold 1997 453: 451:, p. 102. 441: 426: 414: 402: 400:, p. 100. 390: 388:, p. 234. 375: 366: 356: 354: 351: 329: 326: 297: 294: 164: 161: 147: 146: 134:Komnenian army 131: 118:Serbian forces 115:Hungarian army 112: 111: 110:Units involved 107: 106: 99: 89: 88: 84: 83: 78: 68: 67: 63: 62: 59: 58: 52: 48: 47: 41: 39: 35: 34: 31: 23: 22: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3357: 3346: 3343: 3341: 3338: 3336: 3333: 3331: 3328: 3326: 3323: 3321: 3318: 3316: 3313: 3311: 3308: 3306: 3303: 3301: 3298: 3296: 3293: 3292: 3290: 3271: 3268: 3266: 3263: 3261: 3258: 3256: 3253: 3251: 3248: 3246: 3243: 3241: 3238: 3236: 3233: 3232: 3230: 3228: 3224: 3221: 3217: 3205: 3202: 3200: 3197: 3196: 3195: 3194: 3190: 3188: 3185: 3183: 3182: 3178: 3176: 3173: 3171: 3168: 3166: 3163: 3161: 3158: 3156: 3153: 3151: 3148: 3146: 3143: 3141: 3138: 3136: 3133: 3131: 3128: 3126: 3123: 3121: 3118: 3116: 3113: 3111: 3108: 3106: 3105: 3101: 3100: 3098: 3094: 3086: 3083: 3081: 3078: 3076: 3073: 3071: 3068: 3067: 3066: 3065: 3061: 3059: 3056: 3054: 3053:Operation Una 3051: 3049: 3046: 3044: 3041: 3039: 3036: 3034: 3031: 3029: 3026: 3024: 3021: 3019: 3016: 3014: 3011: 3009: 3006: 3004: 3001: 2999: 2996: 2994: 2991: 2989: 2986: 2984: 2981: 2979: 2976: 2974: 2971: 2969: 2966: 2964: 2961: 2959: 2956: 2954: 2951: 2949: 2946: 2944: 2941: 2939: 2936: 2934: 2931: 2929: 2926: 2924: 2921: 2919: 2916: 2914: 2911: 2909: 2906: 2904: 2901: 2900: 2898: 2894: 2888: 2887: 2883: 2881: 2878: 2876: 2873: 2871: 2868: 2866: 2863: 2861: 2858: 2856: 2853: 2851: 2848: 2846: 2843: 2841: 2838: 2836: 2833: 2831: 2828: 2826: 2823: 2821: 2818: 2816: 2813: 2811: 2808: 2806: 2803: 2801: 2798: 2796: 2793: 2791: 2788: 2786: 2783: 2781: 2778: 2776: 2773: 2771: 2768: 2766: 2763: 2761: 2758: 2756: 2753: 2751: 2748: 2746: 2743: 2742: 2740: 2736: 2730: 2727: 2725: 2722: 2720: 2717: 2715: 2714:Syrmian Front 2712: 2710: 2707: 2705: 2702: 2700: 2697: 2695: 2692: 2690: 2687: 2685: 2682: 2680: 2677: 2675: 2672: 2670: 2667: 2665: 2662: 2660: 2657: 2655: 2652: 2650: 2647: 2645: 2642: 2640: 2637: 2635: 2632: 2630: 2627: 2625: 2622: 2620: 2619:Niš operation 2617: 2615: 2612: 2610: 2607: 2605: 2602: 2600: 2597: 2595: 2594: 2590: 2588: 2585: 2583: 2580: 2578: 2575: 2573: 2570: 2568: 2565: 2563: 2560: 2558: 2555: 2553: 2550: 2548: 2545: 2543: 2540: 2538: 2535: 2533: 2532:Raid on Drvar 2530: 2528: 2527: 2523: 2521: 2518: 2516: 2513: 2511: 2510: 2506: 2504: 2501: 2499: 2496: 2494: 2491: 2489: 2486: 2484: 2481: 2479: 2478: 2474: 2472: 2471: 2467: 2466: 2464: 2462: 2458: 2452: 2449: 2447: 2444: 2442: 2439: 2437: 2434: 2432: 2429: 2427: 2426:Carinthia War 2424: 2423: 2421: 2419: 2415: 2407: 2404: 2402: 2399: 2397: 2394: 2392: 2389: 2387: 2384: 2382: 2379: 2377: 2374: 2372: 2369: 2367: 2364: 2362: 2359: 2357: 2354: 2352: 2349: 2347: 2344: 2342: 2339: 2337: 2334: 2332: 2329: 2327: 2324: 2322: 2321:Battle of Cer 2319: 2318: 2317: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2305: 2303: 2300: 2299: 2298: 2297: 2293: 2292: 2290: 2288: 2284: 2276: 2273: 2271: 2268: 2266: 2263: 2261: 2258: 2256: 2253: 2252: 2251: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2239: 2237: 2234: 2232: 2229: 2227: 2224: 2222: 2219: 2217: 2214: 2213: 2212: 2211: 2207: 2206: 2204: 2202: 2198: 2192: 2189: 2187: 2184: 2182: 2179: 2177: 2174: 2172: 2169: 2167: 2164: 2163: 2161: 2159: 2155: 2152: 2148: 2136: 2133: 2131: 2128: 2127: 2126: 2123: 2119: 2116: 2114: 2111: 2109: 2106: 2105: 2104: 2101: 2099: 2096: 2094: 2091: 2089: 2088: 2084: 2082: 2079: 2075: 2072: 2071: 2070: 2069: 2065: 2063: 2060: 2058: 2054: 2052: 2049: 2047: 2044: 2042: 2039: 2037: 2034: 2033: 2031: 2027: 2019: 2016: 2014: 2011: 2009: 2006: 2005: 2004: 2001: 1999: 1996: 1994: 1991: 1989: 1986: 1984: 1981: 1979: 1976: 1974: 1971: 1969: 1966: 1965: 1963: 1959: 1951: 1948: 1946: 1943: 1941: 1938: 1936: 1933: 1931: 1928: 1926: 1923: 1921: 1918: 1916: 1913: 1911: 1908: 1906: 1903: 1901: 1898: 1896: 1893: 1891: 1888: 1887: 1886: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1874: 1872: 1869: 1867: 1864: 1862: 1859: 1857: 1854: 1852: 1849: 1847: 1844: 1842: 1839: 1837: 1834: 1832: 1829: 1827: 1824: 1822: 1819: 1817: 1814: 1812: 1809: 1807: 1804: 1802: 1799: 1797: 1794: 1792: 1789: 1787: 1784: 1782: 1779: 1777: 1774: 1772: 1769: 1767: 1764: 1762: 1759: 1757: 1754: 1752: 1749: 1747: 1744: 1742: 1739: 1737: 1734: 1732: 1729: 1728: 1727: 1726: 1722: 1721: 1719: 1717: 1713: 1710: 1706: 1694: 1691: 1689: 1686: 1684: 1681: 1679: 1676: 1675: 1674: 1671: 1670: 1668: 1666: 1662: 1656: 1653: 1651: 1648: 1646: 1643: 1641: 1638: 1636: 1633: 1631: 1628: 1627: 1625: 1623: 1619: 1613: 1610: 1608: 1605: 1603: 1600: 1598: 1595: 1593: 1590: 1588: 1585: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1575: 1572: 1569: 1566: 1563: 1562: 1560: 1558: 1554: 1548: 1545: 1543: 1540: 1538: 1535: 1533: 1530: 1528: 1525: 1523: 1520: 1518: 1515: 1513: 1510: 1508: 1505: 1503: 1500: 1498: 1495: 1493: 1490: 1488: 1485: 1483: 1480: 1478: 1475: 1473: 1470: 1468: 1465: 1463: 1460: 1458: 1455: 1453: 1450: 1447: 1444: 1443: 1441: 1439: 1435: 1432: 1428: 1418: 1415: 1413: 1410: 1408: 1405: 1403: 1400: 1398: 1395: 1393: 1390: 1388: 1385: 1383: 1380: 1378: 1375: 1373: 1370: 1368: 1365: 1363: 1360: 1357: 1355: 1352: 1350: 1347: 1345: 1342: 1340: 1337: 1335: 1332: 1330: 1327: 1325: 1322: 1320: 1317: 1316: 1314: 1310: 1304: 1301: 1298: 1294: 1292: 1289: 1287: 1284: 1282: 1279: 1276: 1273: 1271: 1268: 1266: 1263: 1261: 1258: 1256: 1253: 1250: 1247: 1245: 1242: 1240: 1239:Battle of Bar 1237: 1235: 1232: 1231: 1229: 1227: 1223: 1216: 1212: 1207: 1204: 1201: 1197: 1195: 1192: 1190: 1187: 1184: 1181: 1178: 1175: 1172: 1169: 1166: 1163: 1160: 1157: 1155: 1152: 1150: 1147: 1144: 1141: 1139: 1136: 1133: 1130: 1127: 1125: 1122: 1120: 1117: 1115: 1112: 1109: 1106: 1103: 1100: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1088: 1087: 1086: 1082: 1077: 1074: 1071: 1068: 1065: 1062: 1059: 1056: 1053: 1050: 1049: 1048: 1047: 1043: 1038: 1035: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1022: 1019: 1018: 1016: 1015: 1013: 1011: 1007: 1001: 998: 996: 993: 991: 988: 986: 983: 981: 978: 976: 973: 971: 968: 966: 963: 961: 958: 956: 953: 951: 948: 947: 945: 943: 939: 936: 934: 930: 926: 919: 914: 912: 907: 905: 900: 899: 896: 887: 886: 881: 877: 873: 871:0-8047-2630-2 867: 863: 858: 854: 848: 844: 843: 837: 833: 827: 823: 822: 816: 812: 810:0-472-08149-7 806: 802: 801: 796: 792: 788: 782: 778: 777: 771: 767: 761: 757: 755: 750: 746: 745: 739: 738: 733: 732: 726: 720: 716: 715: 710: 706: 702: 696: 692: 691: 685: 684: 679: 678: 667: 662: 656:, p. 27. 655: 650: 643: 638: 632:, p. 19. 631: 630:Cinnamus 1976 626: 619: 614: 607: 606:B. Szabó 2013 602: 596:(1.4), p. 19. 595: 590: 583: 582:B. Szabó 2013 578: 571: 566: 559: 554: 547: 542: 535: 530: 524:, p. 25. 523: 518: 516: 509:, p. 24. 508: 503: 496: 491: 484: 483:B. Szabó 2013 479: 477: 475: 473: 465: 460: 458: 450: 449:B. Szabó 2013 445: 439:, p. 22. 438: 433: 431: 423: 418: 412:(1.4), p. 17. 411: 406: 399: 398:B. Szabó 2013 394: 387: 382: 380: 370: 361: 357: 350: 348: 344: 340: 334: 325: 323: 319: 313: 311: 307: 303: 293: 291: 286: 282: 278: 273: 271: 270:Frangochorion 267: 263: 259: 255: 250: 248: 244: 240: 236: 232: 231:Philippopolis 228: 224: 220: 216: 212: 207: 205: 204:were defeated 201: 197: 193: 192:John Kinnamos 189: 185: 181: 177: 173: 168: 160: 158: 154: 144: 139: 135: 132: 130:" mercenaries 129: 123: 119: 114: 113: 108: 103: 100: 94: 91: 90: 85: 82: 79: 77: 73: 70: 69: 64: 56: 53: 50: 49: 45: 40: 37: 36: 32: 29: 28: 24: 19: 16: 3227:Peacekeeping 3219:21st century 3191: 3179: 3102: 3062: 2884: 2745:Pakrac clash 2738:Croatian War 2704:Srb uprising 2591: 2524: 2507: 2475: 2468: 2461:World War II 2313: 2294: 2247: 2208: 2150:20th century 2085: 2066: 1882: 1723: 1708:19th century 1430:Foreign rule 1328: 1285: 1083: 1044: 884: 861: 841: 820: 799: 775: 756: 753: 743: 713: 689: 661: 649: 637: 625: 613: 601: 593: 589: 577: 565: 553: 541: 529: 502: 490: 444: 421: 417: 409: 405: 393: 369: 360: 335: 331: 314: 299: 274: 251: 208: 169: 166: 152: 150: 66:Belligerents 57:Peace treaty 54: 15: 3250:Ivory Coast 2896:Bosnian War 2287:World War I 2201:Balkan Wars 1567:(1593–1606) 1448:'s uprising 1446:Jovan Nenad 534:Angold 1984 145:auxiliaries 140:mercenaries 3289:Categories 3096:Kosovo War 2582:Case White 2577:Case Black 2103:AU-BiH War 1920:Kragujevac 1751:Kragujevac 1630:Morean War 353:References 285:Asia Minor 138:Lombardian 105:Kourtikios 93:Stephen II 1930:Karanovac 1905:Požarevac 1786:Ivankovac 1776:Karanovac 1771:Požarevac 1438:Habsburgs 1354:Mačva War 734:Secondary 666:Fine 1991 654:Makk 1989 642:Bury 1975 570:Makk 1989 546:Makk 1989 522:Makk 1989 507:Makk 1989 495:Fine 1991 437:Makk 1989 386:Fine 1991 281:Nicomedia 200:Pechenegs 188:Macedonia 176:Braničevo 3245:DR Congo 2418:Interwar 1950:Batočina 1935:Batočina 1925:Jagodina 1915:Družetić 1856:Varvarin 1806:Deligrad 1761:Čokešina 1741:Svileuva 1557:Ottomans 933:Medieval 882:(2008). 797:(1991). 711:(1976). 333:terms. 302:Bohemian 258:Lombardy 227:Bulgaria 225:(Sofia, 215:Belgrade 128:Frankish 122:Bohemian 96:Setephel 38:Location 3270:Somalia 3260:Liberia 3255:Lebanon 1961:Ottoman 1945:Valjevo 1861:Loznica 1846:Suvodol 1841:Prahovo 1821:Loznica 1781:Adakale 1217:in 1499 1208:in 1479 1202:in 1459 1182:in 1454 1176:in 1454 1167:in 1444 1161:in 1443 1110:in 1413 1104:in 1412 1098:in 1402 1078:in 1389 1072:in 1386 1066:in 1385 1060:in 1381 1054:in 1371 1039:in 1364 1033:in 1352 680:Primary 675:Sources 306:Olomouc 241:(Zemun, 235:Balkans 223:Serdica 219:Naissus 211:Francia 72:Hungary 3240:Cyprus 1910:Rudnik 1890:Ljubić 1871:Ravnje 1836:Jasika 1796:Vrbica 1791:Rudnik 1756:Drlupa 1736:Rudnik 1731:Vračar 1665:Russia 1622:Venice 1573:(1594) 1299:(1334) 1277:(1154) 1251:(1094) 1200:Serbia 868:  849:  828:  807:  783:  762:  721:  697:  343:Syrmia 328:Treaty 322:Ždrelo 310:Rhason 262:Seljuk 247:Danube 243:Serbia 239:Zimony 229:) and 202:, who 157:Danube 143:Seljuk 124:forces 76:Serbia 51:Result 44:Danube 2029:Other 1940:Užice 1900:Palež 1895:Čačak 1866:Mačva 1851:Drina 1831:Čegar 1801:Mišar 1766:Šabac 1312:Other 347:Álmos 339:Zemun 318:Mlava 277:Serbs 180:Álmos 3265:Mali 1215:Zeta 866:ISBN 847:ISBN 826:ISBN 805:ISBN 781:ISBN 760:ISBN 719:ISBN 695:ISBN 260:and 30:Date 283:in 3291:: 514:^ 471:^ 456:^ 429:^ 378:^ 249:. 151:A 917:e 910:t 903:v 874:. 855:. 834:. 813:. 789:. 768:. 727:. 703:. 126:"

Index

Danube
Hungary
Serbia
Byzantine Empire
Stephen II
John II Komnenos
Serbian forces
Bohemian
Frankish
Komnenian army
Lombardian
Seljuk
Danube
Niketas Choniates
Braničevo
Álmos
John II Komnenos
Macedonia
John Kinnamos
Stephen II of Hungary
Pechenegs
were defeated
Francia
Belgrade
Naissus
Serdica
Bulgaria
Philippopolis
Balkans
Zimony

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