37:
234:
351:
is dedicated to
Boguslaus, "minister of the friars who live in Bohemia and Poland", and the author claims to be writing in obedience to Boguslaus' authority, suggesting that the text was commissioned. It is an ethnographic report, although it also contains legendary material borrowed from the
285:
is bound in the fourth volume, although it may once have been part of the third. The Yale manuscript (Beinecke MS 350A) is also associated with the Upper
Rhineland and was probably made at Basel. The Lucerne manuscript is all parchment, while the Yale is a mix of parchment and paper. The Yale
135:
are unclear, although the date of its completion is known precisely: 30 July 1247. The author, C. de Bridia, is not otherwise known and his first name is initialized in the manuscripts. He describes himself modestly as "least among the
Franciscans". He is generally thought to have been
179:. The friars did travel through Poland on their return journey, and Benedict had probably composed a draft of his own report by then. Gregory Guzman argues that Benedict must have given lectures in his native Polish, which de Bridia translated into Latin.
150:
believes he was one of the members of the embassy who stayed at the court of Batu and did not go on to Güyük. In this case, the work is partially based on his own experiences and partially on the reports of his colleagues.
389:
lacks information on the friars' travels. It is more focused on Mongol history, customs and plans. For its time, its account of Mongol history, genealogies and methods of warfare are among the most detailed. It covers the
155:, on the other hand, argued that de Bridia wrote the account based on a lecture given by Benedict of Poland, probably in Germany, since the manuscript tradition of the text is associated with the
336:, but it is not simply a version of Carpine's text. It differs in tone and purpose. Its portrayal of the Mongols (and the Jews) is far more negative. It also lacks the strategic purpose of the
118:. During their return journey through Europe, Carpine wrote that they were obliged to hand over drafts of their official report to the curious. The official report by Carpine is known as the
909:
Werner, Gregor (2016). "Travelling
Towards the Peoples of the Endtime: C de Bridia as Religious Re-interpretation of Carpini". In Wolfram Brandes; Felicitas Schmieder; Rebekka Voß (eds.).
316:. The Yale manuscript may be a copy of the Lucerne, but it is more likely they both derive from the same exemplar. They certainly belong to the same manuscript family. The title
78:
composed by a certain C. de Bridia in Latin in 1247. It is one of the most detailed accounts of the history and customs of the
Mongols to appear in Europe around that time.
888:
Jackson, Peter (2016). "The
Testimony of the Russian "Archbishop" Peter Concerning the Mongols (1244/5): Precious Intelligence or Timely Disinformation?".
210:. The earlier dates to 1338–1340 and the later to about 1440. The latter was first brought to public attention in 1965 because it had been bound with the
358:(wonders) genre, perhaps because, as a non-traveler, de Bridia considered them missing from the accounts of the travelers. It reports the existence of
340:, preferring to describe the Mongols as divine punishment on Christians. Religious references are pervasive. Gregory Werner proposes that the
215:
227:
28:
946:
951:
926:
226:
was generally accepted by scholars as authentic, although there were dissenters. In 2006, an earlier copy of the text in the
362:, ox-footed people and other monstrous races typical of the genre. Another people, the Parossits, appear to be the actual
800:
Connell, Charles W. (2000). "Bridia, C. de (fl. c. 1245 C.E.)". In John Block
Friedman; Kristen Mossler Figg (eds.).
842:
Guzman, Gregory G. (2000). "Benedict the Pole (fl. 1240s)". In John Block
Friedman; Kristen Mossler Figg (eds.).
258:
439:
107:
17:
374:
is also incorporated. It is called
Narayrgen, which is said to come from the Tatar for "Men of the Sun".
876:
851:
Guzman, Gregory G. (2006). "The
Vinland Map Controversy and the Discovery of a Second Version of The
391:
429:
common in Europe. It records that the Mongols called the pope the "great pope throughout the West" (
448:
219:
956:
478:
313:
274:
293:
36:
8:
207:
233:
254:
120:
115:
111:
922:
482:
408:
371:
253:. The scribe, Hugo de Tennach, was employed by Peter of Bebelnhein, a teacher in the
152:
914:
897:
864:
830:
452:
95:
278:
270:
103:
344:
is "an eschatological reinterpretation of Carpine's account a complement to ".
398:'s command rather than Batu's, as all other western sources do. His account of
918:
901:
809:
Czarnowus, Anna (2014). "The Mongols, Eastern Europe, and Western Europe: The
402:'s rise, however, is marred by legendary material, such as his encounter with
940:
868:
403:
147:
137:
75:
434:
399:
230:
was brought to public attention (having been catalogued as early as 1959).
71:
911:
Peoples of the Apocalypse: Eschatological Beliefs and Political Scenarios
359:
250:
211:
156:
447:
portrays the Mongols as operating on three distinct fronts: against the
834:
456:
91:
394:
from the 1220s through the 1240s, correctly crediting the invasion to
168:
354:
99:
172:
367:
363:
287:
124:. In October 1247, Benedict also dictated an account known as the
844:
Trade, Travel and Exploration in the Middle Ages: An Encyclopedia
802:
Trade, Travel and Exploration in the Middle Ages: An Encyclopedia
164:
421:
176:
45:
515:
513:
511:
509:
507:
505:
503:
241:
in the Yale manuscript. The rubric above the first line reads
395:
141:
63:
729:
249:
The Lucerne manuscript (Latin MS P Msc 13.2°) is written in
569:
500:
370:
are also mentioned. The magnetic island from the legend of
683:
681:
536:
534:
532:
530:
528:
304:, which contains material on the Mongols derived from the
27:"Hystoria Tartarorum" redirects here. For other uses, see
753:
741:
296:
in the Lucerne manuscript give the title of the work as
202:
is known from two manuscripts, both also containing the
693:
678:
668:
666:
639:
525:
617:
615:
600:
777:
765:
559:
557:
555:
553:
551:
549:
320:, coined by Painter for his 1965 edition, has stuck.
717:
705:
663:
651:
590:
588:
586:
584:
627:
612:
167:. Tadeusz Bieńkowski argues for its composition in
546:
581:
140:, and his surname may indicate that he came from
938:
81:
90:is one of several reports produced by the
808:
759:
747:
735:
575:
519:
269:. These four manuscripts belonged to the
471:Hystoria Tartarorum C. de Bridia Monachi
232:
131:The circumstances of the genesis of the
35:
887:
875:
799:
783:
771:
563:
540:
487:The Vinland Map and The Tartar Relation
300:and specify that it is not part of the
14:
939:
908:
855:: The Authenticity of the 1339 Text".
850:
841:
723:
711:
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633:
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489:(New ed.). Yale University Press.
332:is almost identical at parts with the
273:until in 1420 they were pawned to the
228:Lucerne Central and University Library
214:, a modern forgery. It is part of the
126:De itinere Fratrum Minorum ad Tartaros
890:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
881:The Mongols and the West, 1221–1410
24:
813:Tradition in Benedict of Poland's
70:, "History of the Tartars") is an
25:
968:
431:magnum papam per totum occidentem
106:in 1245. This mission was led by
48:(red) above the first line reads
186:are certainly borrowed from the
792:
259:Saint Martin's Church in Colmar
44:in the Lucerne manuscript. The
913:. De Gruyter. pp. 83–95.
193:
175:, while others have suggested
114:and the Bohemians Ceslaus and
13:
1:
947:13th-century Latin literature
425:rather than the corrupt form
952:13th-century Christian texts
846:. Routledge. pp. 57–58.
817:and John of Plano Carpini's
804:. Routledge. pp. 74–75.
473:. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
469:Önnerfors, Alf, ed. (1967).
440:Tractatus de ortu Tartarorum
265:but all four volumes of the
261:. He wrote out not only the
108:Giovanni da Pian del Carpine
82:Circumstances of composition
7:
462:
455:(Anatolia) and against the
415:In places, the text of the
243:Incipit hystoria tartarorum
50:Incipit hystoria tartarorum
10:
973:
419:uses the correct spelling
323:
26:
919:10.1515/9783110473315-005
902:10.1017/s135618631500084x
392:Mongol invasion of Europe
286:manuscript is written in
110:, who was accompanied by
869:10.1179/tin.2006.38.1.19
494:
220:Yale University Library
481:; Marston, Thomas E.;
314:Simon of Saint-Quentin
246:
222:. Unlike the map, the
94:mission dispatched by
53:
29:History of the Tartars
236:
39:
275:abbey of Saint Urban
819:Historia Mongalorum
815:Historia Tartarorum
738:, pp. 490–491.
578:, pp. 494 n32.
522:, pp. 487–488.
310:Historia Tartarorum
302:Speculum historiale
298:Hystoria Tartarorum
216:Beinecke collection
208:Vincent of Beauvais
204:Speculum historiale
68:Hystoria Tartarorum
835:10.1111/lic3.12150
823:Literature Compass
483:Painter, George D.
449:Sultanate of Egypt
406:, inspired by the
334:Ystoria Mongalorum
306:Ystoria Mongalorum
255:cathedral of Basel
247:
182:Some parts of the
121:Ystoria Mongalorum
112:Benedict of Poland
54:
928:978-3-11-047331-5
857:Terrae Incognitae
702:, pp. 86–87.
690:, pp. 84–85.
648:, p. 20 n13.
609:, pp. 18–19.
543:, pp. 87–88.
409:Alexander Romance
372:Sinbad the Sailor
257:and the prior of
237:The start of the
159:. Benedict's own
153:George D. Painter
98:to the courts of
40:The start of the
16:(Redirected from
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453:Sultanate of Rum
377:Compared to the
328:The text of the
279:Rhenish guilders
96:Pope Innocent IV
21:
972:
971:
967:
966:
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963:
962:
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935:
929:
853:Tartar Relation
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547:
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526:
518:
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497:
477:
468:
465:
381:and Benedict's
360:dog-face people
326:
318:Tartar Relation
288:bastard cursive
271:abbey of Pairis
263:Tartar Relation
239:Tartar Relation
200:Tartar Relation
196:
163:was written in
157:Upper Rhineland
133:Tartar Relation
84:
59:Tartar Relation
42:Tartar Relation
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
970:
960:
959:
954:
949:
934:
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906:
896:(1–2): 65–77.
885:
877:Jackson, Peter
873:
848:
839:
829:(7): 484–495.
806:
796:
794:
791:
789:
788:
776:
764:
762:, p. 489.
760:Czarnowus 2014
752:
750:, p. 492.
748:Czarnowus 2014
740:
736:Czarnowus 2014
728:
716:
704:
692:
677:
662:
650:
638:
626:
611:
599:
580:
576:Czarnowus 2014
568:
545:
524:
520:Czarnowus 2014
498:
496:
493:
492:
491:
479:Skelton, R. A.
475:
464:
461:
451:, against the
325:
322:
195:
192:
83:
80:
74:report on the
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
969:
958:
957:Mongol Empire
955:
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840:
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832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
807:
803:
798:
797:
786:, p. 74.
785:
780:
774:, p. 72.
773:
768:
761:
756:
749:
744:
737:
732:
726:, p. 88.
725:
720:
714:, p. 95.
713:
708:
701:
696:
689:
684:
682:
675:, p. 23.
674:
669:
667:
660:, p. 22.
659:
654:
647:
642:
636:, p. 20.
635:
630:
624:, p. 24.
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618:
616:
608:
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596:
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587:
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450:
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432:
428:
424:
423:
418:
413:
411:
410:
405:
404:Gog and Magog
401:
397:
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388:
384:
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375:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
356:
350:
345:
343:
339:
335:
331:
321:
319:
315:
311:
308:and the lost
307:
303:
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252:
251:Gothic script
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148:Marian Plezia
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122:
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109:
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97:
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89:
79:
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76:Mongol Empire
73:
69:
65:
61:
60:
51:
47:
43:
38:
34:
30:
19:
910:
893:
889:
883:. Routledge.
880:
863:(1): 19–25.
860:
856:
852:
843:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
801:
793:Bibliography
784:Jackson 2016
779:
772:Jackson 2016
767:
755:
743:
731:
719:
707:
695:
653:
641:
629:
602:
571:
564:Connell 2000
541:Jackson 2005
486:
470:
444:
438:
435:Friar Julian
430:
426:
420:
416:
414:
407:
400:Genghis Khan
386:
382:
378:
376:
353:
348:
346:
341:
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329:
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309:
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146:
132:
130:
125:
119:
87:
85:
72:ethnographic
67:
58:
57:
55:
49:
41:
33:
18:C. de Bridia
724:Werner 2016
712:Werner 2016
700:Werner 2016
688:Werner 2016
673:Guzman 2006
658:Guzman 2006
646:Guzman 2006
634:Guzman 2006
622:Guzman 2006
607:Guzman 2006
595:Guzman 2000
459:and Poles.
212:Vinland map
194:Manuscripts
144:in Poland.
941:Categories
457:Hungarians
383:De itinere
161:De itinere
104:Güyük Khan
92:Franciscan
811:Mirabilia
485:(1995) .
355:mirabilia
294:Colophons
100:Batu Khan
879:(2005).
463:Editions
445:Relation
437:and the
433:). Like
427:Tartaros
417:Relation
387:Relation
368:Samoyeds
364:Permians
349:Relation
342:Relation
330:Relation
283:Relation
277:for 110
267:Speculum
224:Relation
184:Relation
88:Relation
422:Tataros
379:Ystoria
338:Ystoria
324:Content
188:Ystoria
169:Wrocław
165:Cologne
116:Stephen
925:
443:, the
385:, the
366:. The
281:. The
177:Prague
173:Kraków
138:Polish
46:rubric
495:Notes
396:Jochi
142:Brzeg
64:Latin
923:ISBN
347:The
198:The
102:and
86:The
56:The
915:doi
898:doi
865:doi
831:doi
821:".
312:of
218:at
206:of
171:or
943::
921:.
894:26
892:.
861:38
859:.
827:11
825:.
680:^
665:^
614:^
583:^
548:^
527:^
502:^
412:.
290:.
190:.
128:.
66::
931:.
917::
904:.
900::
871:.
867::
837:.
833::
597:.
566:.
245:.
62:(
52:.
31:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
