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complained to
Napoleon for having, in violation of all military rules, ordered Dupas to act independently of his command, and for having thereby caused great loss of life to the Saxons, and tendered his resignation. Napoleon accepted after he had become aware of an order of the day issued by Bernadotte in which he gave the Saxons credit for their courage in terms inconsistent with the emperor's official bulletin. Accounts of Bernadotte's role at Wagram are contradictory. While it is true that IX Corps broke on 6 July, as did other French formations, they later rallied and played a part in the victory. Moreover, Bernadotte fought with exceptional personal courage, at the head of his troops, and narrowly avoided death when attacked by Austrian cavalry. It is likely that IX Corps' poor performance would have been forgotten, and Bernadotte would have retained his command, had he never published the controversial Order of the Day. His praise for the Saxons, as well as his mild and courteous treatment of them while under his command, was never forgotten by the Saxon officers and this would later have disastrous consequences for the French when a whole Saxon division defected to Bernadotte's Army of the North during a key moment of the
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49:
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1203:, he left Bernadotte not far from Paris with an army. In his farewell note to Bernadotte on his way to Italy, Napoleon wrote: "I am going to fling myself once more into the hazards of war. We do not know how it may turn out. If I fall, you will find yourself with 40,000 men at the gates of Paris. In your hands will be the fate of the Republic." As Bernadotte was brother-in-law to Joseph and close friends with his other brothers and sisters, Napoleon is thought to have been considering the welfare of his family in the possible event of his death on the battlefield, as well as the future of the country, by leaving his erstwhile rival in a position to seize the reins of government as, of his former rivals, only Bernadotte had the political and military skill and popularity to maintain the Republic.
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occur on the Crown Prince's birthday, and ordered
Charles John's old rival Marshal Davout to execute the operation, as a personal insult, adding another dimension of personal enmity to the incident. As a result, the initially amicable relationship which Charles John had with Napoleon, following his election as Crown Prince, soon changed because of the invasion. The invasion was a clear violation of international law as well as an act of war and public opinion in Sweden was outraged. Moreover, it antagonized the pro-French faction at the Swedish court. Thereafter, the Crown Prince declared the neutrality of Sweden and opened negotiations with the UK and Russia.
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1401:, the city became the target of large-scale looting and rampage by the French soldiers. Bernadotte, struggling desperately to prevent his men from sacking the city, was given six horses from the Council of Lübeck as a token of their appreciation. He also treated with courtesy 1600 Swedish prisoners, under the command of Colonel Count Gustaf Mörner, and allowed them to return to their home country. The impressed Swedes went home with a tale of Bernadotte's fairness in maintaining order within the city. Count Mörner would later play a prominent role in the election of Bernadotte as Crown Prince of Sweden.
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1722:“I have beheld war near at hand, and I know all its evils: for it is not conquest which can console a country for the blood of her children, spilt on a foreign land. I have seen the mighty Emperor of the French, so often crowned with the laurel of victory, surrounded by his invincible armies, sigh after the olive-branches of peace. Yes, Gentlemen, peace is the only glorious aim of a sage and enlightened government: it is not the extent of a state which constitutes its strength and independence; it is its laws, its commerce, its industry, and above all, its national spirit.”
1483:
the
Spanish Crown. Joseph Bonaparte, Bernadotte's friend and brother-in-law, was chosen instead. It was not the first, or last time, that Napoleon thought of placing Bernadotte on a foreign throne. Indeed, Napoleon on several occasions, both during his days as First Consul and then as Emperor, thought of naming Bernadotte (Napoleon also considered Murat) as his successor by adoption. Despite their rivalry, Napoleon thought Bernadotte alone had the popularity, administrative and military skill to safeguard the Empire he had built. The birth of the
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and brigandage that many of his fellow marshals engaged in. As a consequence, his table fare was considered poor by his brother marshals and while others dined on fine service and employed chefs, he habitually used his own money to pay for food for his troops, and to give money awards to those who merited recognition. He held his troops to the same high standard; he punished looting and rape severely, and was known to intervene with his sword drawn against those engaged in pillaging, as was the case following the capture of Lübeck.
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1631:(nephew of Count Gustav Mörner, the commander of the Swedish force captured by Bernadotte at Lübeck), who, entirely on his own initiative, offered the succession to the Swedish crown to Bernadotte. Bernadotte communicated Mörner's offer to Napoleon who at first treated the situation as an absurdity, but later came around to the idea and while adopting a public attitude of indifference, quietly lent support to Bernadotte's candidacy both financially and diplomatically.
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1837:. The treaty stipulated that Sweden would land an army of no less than 25,000 on the continent for the express purpose of fighting France, as well as liberating Swedish Pomerania, and in exchange, Russia and the UK would diplomatically and militarily support the cession of Norway from the doggedly French-allied Denmark to Sweden. Throughout summer and fall 1812, Bernadotte sought to add more allies to the Coalition, and negotiated a treaty with the Spanish
1249:. In this capacity, as well as during his later command of the army of northern Germany, he created for himself a reputation for independence, incorruptibility, moderation, and administrative ability. Bernadotte's rule was popular, and despite the exactions taken from the populace as part of Napoleon's policy of making occupations pay for themselves, Hanover's economy prospered. Bernadotte extended his protection, and made private contributions to,
1498:. Further difficulties with Berthier, and a saddling with ill-prepared Saxons, combined with an illness, compelled Bernadotte to beg for release from service. Bernadotte wrote to Napoleon that "I see my efforts perpetually paralyzed by a hidden force over which I can not prevail." Napoleon disregarded these appeals and Bernadotte proceeded with the campaign, commanding mostly foreign troops with few French troops under his command. At the
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1671:, anticipating conflict with Russia, were in favour of electing a soldier. Also, Bernadotte was personally popular, owing to the kindness he had shown to the Swedish prisoners in Lübeck and his reputation as the well-liked governor of the Hanseatic Cities from 1807 to 1809; as many Swedish merchants had operated under his auspices. Finally, Bernadotte had no qualms about converting to Lutheranism, recalling the conversion of
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918:. The family name was originally du Poey (or de Pouey), but was changed to Bernadotte – a surname of an ancestress at the beginning of the 17th century. He was the youngest of five siblings, two of whom died in childhood. Soon after his birth, Baptiste was added to his name, to distinguish him from his elder brother Jean Évangeliste. Bernadotte himself added Jules to his first names as a tribute to the
1471:. Pursuant to the projected invasion of Sweden, and by virtue of Denmark becoming an ally of France in 1808, Bernadotte found himself de facto head of a French occupation of Denmark. He maintained strict discipline of his troops and his good treatment of the Danes made him popular with the populace and Danish Royal Family. Upon his departure from Denmark he was one of few Frenchmen of the period to be awarded the
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1416:, passed over to the offensive and attempted to destroy Bernadotte's and Ney's isolated Corps. Napoleon, having received word of the Russian offensive, gave word to Bernadotte to retreat West as to draw the Russians toward him so that Napoleon could then cut-off and surround the Russians. Bernadotte moved West as ordered, pursued by Bennigsen where he defeated the numerically superior Russian vanguard at
1007:, came to the fore. Of the latter, Bernadotte was gifted in his ability to inspire his men to prodigious feats of valor. He has been compared by historians to fellow Gascon, D'Artagnan. One of his biographers asserts that Dumas used Bernadotte as the model for his D'Artagnan. As Colonel and commander of the 71st Demi-Brigade, Bernadotte rallied his men, who were retreating in disorder before an
1381:(17 October 1806), though Imperial Headquarters did not much appreciate this victory. When visiting Halle after the battle, and commenting on the degree of difficulty of storming a fortified position accessible only by a single bridge, Napoleon enigmatically commented "Bernadotte stops at nothing. Someday the Gascon will get caught." Subsequently, Bernadotte pursued, conjointly with Soult and
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the
Kingdom was so increased that the inhabitants of Sweden alone became equal in number to those of Sweden and Finland before the latter province was torn from the former, the national debt was paid off, a civil and a penal code were proposed for promulgation, education was promoted, agriculture, commerce, and manufactures prospered, and the means of internal communication were increased.
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Prince was aware of its difficulty for reasons of the desperate situation of the state finance and the reluctance of the
Finnish people to return to Sweden. Even if Finland was regained, he thought, it would put Sweden into a new cycle of conflicts with a powerful neighbor because there was no guarantee Russia would accept the loss as final. Therefore, he made up his mind to make a united
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rapidly brought the defenses of
Antwerp to a high order of readiness. With Antwerp bristling with cannon and numerous defenders, and with the Army of Antwerp whipped into fighting shape, the British, vexed by poor leadership and with half the army immobilized with fever thanks to the insalubrious islands upon which they were quartered, realized that it was no longer possible to close the
2086:, more power than any legislature in Europe. While Charles John had the power of absolute veto in Sweden, he only had a suspensive veto in Norway. He demanded that the Storting give him the power of absolute veto, but was forced to back down. Charles John's difficult relationship with Norway was also demonstrated by the Storting's unwillingness to grant funds for the construction of a
2032:"Separated as we are from the rest of Europe, our policy, as well as our interest, will make us carefully abstain from mixing in any discussion foreign to the two people of Scandinavia; but my duty and your dignity will always be the rule of our conduct, and both one and the other prescribe to us never to permit interference in our internal affairs."
2162:"Nobody has had a career in life like mine. I could perhaps have been able to agree to become Napoleon’s ally: but when he attacked the country that had placed its fate in my hands, he could find in me no other than an opponent. The events that shook Europe and that gave her back her freedom are known. It is also known which part I played in that."
1963:, advocated placing Charles John on the French throne in place of Napoleon. He would rule France as a Constitutional Monarch and leave Oscar as Regent in Sweden and Norway. Ultimately the British and Austrians vetoed the idea, and the Allies agreed that if Napoleon were to be deposed, the only acceptable alternative was the restoration of the
1554:, or take Antwerp, and they withdrew their forces. In a proclamation issued to his troops at Antwerp he made an implied charge against Napoleon of having neglected to prepare the proper means of defense for the Belgian coast. A displeased Napoleon relieved Bernadotte of command of his ad hoc army, and ordered his return to Paris to leave for
1365:, was still in the midst of crossing the bridge well after nightfall, making it unlikely that Bernadotte could have intervened at Auerstädt in any event. He later was accused of deliberately refusing to support Davout, who had unexpectedly encountered the Prussian main army at Auerstädt, out of jealousy, and Napoleon, if reminiscences from
1768:, in part to the failure of several of Gustav IV Adolf's well intentioned economic reforms (Gustav IV Adolf was rather more successful in his agrarian reforms) and the costs of the more recent wars against France and Russia. Under Gustav IV Adolf genuine attempts at economic reform, including paying down the national debt by some 700,000
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disastrous (and expensive) wars against France and Russia. The cost of years of war, several poor harvests in the years between 1798 and 1809, the ineptitude of his ministers in carrying out fiscal reforms, and the loss of the tax base of
Finland had ballooned Sweden's national debt. The impending demands of Napoleon to adhere to the
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expansionism resulting in uninterrupted wars with neighboring countries for centuries, and he successfully kept his kingdoms in a state of peace from 1814 until his death. He was especially concerned about the conflict between the UK and Russia. In 1834, when the relationship between the two countries strained regarding the
1627:, a prerequisite for accepting the Swedish offer. Moreover, none of Napoleon's brothers were interested in going to Sweden and his nephews were too young, as the Swedes did not want the hazards of minority rule in the event King Charles died prematurely. The matter was decided by an obscure Swedish courtier, Baron
1000:, his eminent military qualities brought him speedy promotion. Bernadotte's promotions came both from the esteem of his commanders as well as from his men; having been elected to the rank of lieutenant colonel and colonel by his men, though he refused both nominations in favor of traditional advancement.
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image and text for the skin of a king. This play was so popular that the idea that King
Charles XIV John had a tattoo reading "Death to kings" is often repeated as fact, although there is no basis to it. For reasons of discretion, he publicly proclaimed himself in 1797 "a Republican both by principle
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On the other hand, radical in his youth, his views had veered steadily rightward over the years, and by the time he ascended the throne he was an ultra-conservative. His autocratic methods, particularly his censorship of the press, were very unpopular, especially after 1823. His dynasty faced little
1908:
on 19 October. His fresh troops, reinforced by 30,000 Prussians, joined the fray against the already battered French lines where
Swedish forces entered battle in numbers for the first time in the campaign. At a critical moment entire Saxon regiments went over to his army in response to a proclamation
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by the King. Several factors benefitted
Bernadotte's election. Being foreign was, although problematic, also to his favour due to geopolitical factors and the internal situation at the time. One benefit was his (presumed) close ties to French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte, with whom a relationship would
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occurred, an event that triggered the Peninsular War that would play so large a role in Napoleon's defeat. For a time Napoleon considered the notion of placing Bernadotte on the Spanish throne; going so far as to hint at it in a letter to him. Bernadotte made it known to Napoleon that he did not want
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may be believed, once intended to put Bernadotte before a court-martial. In fact, he did what he had been ordered to do, and more fundamental responsibility for his absence rests upon the ambiguous and indirect orders issued by Berthier and Napoleon's unawareness of the Prussian position. Documentary
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His domestic policy particularly focused on promotion of economy and investment in social overhead capital, and the long peace since 1814 led to an increased prosperity for the country. During his long reign of 26 years (34 years if one counts his time as regent from 1810 to 1818), the population of
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who looted his baggage, of having extorted a large quantity of silver plate from minor German states. This claim is unsubstantiated and contrary to his reputation. He was known throughout the army for his probity and honesty in the conduct of his affairs on campaign and he refrained from the looting
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Following the conclusion of the Leipzig Campaign and after liberating Bremen and Lübeck from the French in late November 1813, Charles John invaded Denmark, aiming to knock Napoleon's last major ally out of the war to secure the Coalition's northern flank in preparation for the invasion of France in
1943:
was swiftly won by Sweden under Charles John's generalship. The military operations in 1814 were to be Sweden's last war to this day. Charles John could have named his terms to Norway, but in a key concession accepted the Constitution of Norway and its own political autonomy. This paved the way for
1682:
Before freeing Bernadotte from his allegiance to France, Napoleon asked him to agree never to take up arms against France. Bernadotte refused to make any such agreement, upon the ground that his obligations to Sweden would not allow it; Napoleon exclaimed "Go, and let our destinies be accomplished"
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was attached and which formed his reserve. Resting on the French Left, Bernadotte's corps was battered during the night but resisted the full fury of the Austrian attack facing superior numbers. At a critical moment he ordered Dupas forward to his support; the latter replied that he had orders from
1609:
The political situation internally and externally for Sweden meant that selecting a foreign king was an attractive option. Sweden wanted to strengthen its relationship with Napoleon for militaristic reasons and so sought to select a king who would be able to attract Napoleon's support. The Swedish
1444:(7 to 8 February 1807). Napoleon rebuked him for his absence but it became acknowledged that it was not due to Bernadotte, but Berthier's carelessness in dispatching the orderly. The Russians resumed the offensive that summer and Bernadotte was attacked by, and defeated, a strong Prussian Corps at
1824:
and Swedish Pomerania was closing an entrepôt for illegal British goods. Napoleon, before marching to Moscow, also had to secure his rear and dared not allow a Swedish continental foothold behind him as he did not trust Charles John. Charles John believed that Napoleon scheduled the occupation to
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Such measures were undermined by his other policies. Gustav IV Adolf's personal dislike of the Riksdag, which had the power to raise taxes, led to his refusal to call them into session after 1800, crippling his attempts to raise state revenues. Gustav IV Adolf's foreign policy plunged Sweden into
4613:
Der Elephanten-Orden und seine Ritter: eine historische Abhandlung über die ersten Spuren dieses Ordens und dessen fernere Entwicklung bis zu seiner gegenwärtigen Gestalt, und nächstdem ein Material zur Personalhistorie, nach den Quellen des Königlichen Geheimen-Staatsarchivs und des Königlichen
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The keynote of his foreign and domestic policy was maintenance of Swedish independence of action, often in the face of French demands, and the acquisition of Norway as a compensation for the loss of Finland. Many Swedes expected him to reconquer Finland, which had been ceded to Russia. The Crown
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forecasted even greater difficulties. Charles John immediately began making reforms, and used his sizable fortune, accrued honestly during his time as French Marshal, to pay off much of the debt, and to stabilize the economy by both grants and via a loan to the state of £300,000 sterling at five
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under divided command. He re-organized and trained his forces, named by the Emperor as the Army of Antwerp, by instilling discipline in old soldiers too long at the depots and teaching raw conscripts their trade. Everywhere he instilled a fighting spirit, making an army out of a mob, and thus he
1804:
Soon after Charles John's arrival in Sweden, Napoleon compelled him to accede to the Continental System and declare war against Great Britain; otherwise, Sweden would have to face the determination of France, Denmark and Russia. This demand would mean a hard blow to the national economy and the
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as Bernadotte attempted to rally his men, where he encountered Napoleon. IX Corps rallied and played a further role in the battle. Rumors that Napoleon relieved Bernadotte of command on the spot at Raasdorf have long been the stuff of legend, but are not verified. After the battle, Bernadotte
1737:"My dear Suremain, I have gambled heavily, and I believe that after all I have won." He also made himself well liked by Queen Charlotte, who regarded him a "gentleman in every sense of the word", and established a net of contact within the Swedish aristocracy, befriending in particular the
2042:
The foreign policy applied by Charles John in the post-Napoleonic era was characterized by the maintenance of balance between the Great Powers and non-involvement into conflicts that took place outside of the Scandinavian peninsula. It made a sharp contrast with Sweden's previous hegemonic
1214:. In accepting the position, Bernadotte requested additional soldiers, settlers, and funding to support the colony, but Napoleon refused. In response, Bernadotte, declined the posting and instead was named plenipotentiary ambassador to the United States. His posting was cancelled after the
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attack, by tearing off his epaulettes, throwing them to the ground before his men and shouting “If you dishonor yourselves by flight, I refuse to remain your colonel!” Soldiers left the ranks, gathered his epaulettes, pressed them into his hands, formed ranks and reformed the line and
1801:) from Denmark and uniting her to Sweden. He tried to divert public opinion from Finland to Norway, by arguing that to create a compact peninsula, with sea for its natural boundary, was to inaugurate an era of peace, and that waging war with Russia would lead to ruinous consequences.
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The new Crown Prince was very soon the most popular and most powerful man in Sweden and quickly impressed his adoptive father. Following his first meeting with his new heir, Charles XIII (who had initially opposed Bernadotte's candidacy) remarked to his aide-de-camp count
1104:, Napoleon ordered his generals to collect from their respective divisions' addresses in favor of the coup d'état of that day; but Bernadotte sent an address to the Directory different from that which Napoleon wished for and without conveying it through Napoleon's hands.
1708:
On 2 November 1810 Bernadotte made his solemn entry into Stockholm, and on 5 November he received the homage of the Riksdag of the Estates, and he was adopted by King Charles XIII under the name of "Charles John" (Karl Johan). At the same time, he converted from
1828:
In 1812, he allied Sweden with its traditional enemy Russia, and sought to make peace with the United Kingdom with whom Sweden was technically at war. Charles John's personal diplomacy served as the bridge between Russia and the UK as on 18 July 1812 the
1463:, where he once again proved his administrative and diplomatic abilities and was well-liked. He was to direct the expedition against Sweden, via the Danish islands, but the plan came to naught because of the want of transports and the defection of the
1119:, one of five directors, was cautious that Napoleon would overturn the Republic, so he appointed Bernadotte commander-in-chief of the Army of Italy in order to offset Napoleon's power. Bernadotte was pleased with this appointment but Napoleon lobbied
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Bernadotte played key roles throughout the next 18 months during the three French invasions into Germany; often employed in the place of honor during offensives leading the vanguard, and in retreat as a defensive specialist commanding the rearguard.
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Due to the capture of a courier carrying the Emperor's latest orders, Bernadotte was not informed of a change of strategy to move East toward the rest of the French Army. As a consequence, Bernadotte's I Corps was too far away to take part in the
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On 26 January 1844, his 81st birthday, Charles John was found unconscious in his chambers having suffered a stroke. While he regained consciousness, he never fully recovered and died on the afternoon of 8 March. On his deathbed, he was heard to
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at Jena, sent orders to Davout, through Marshal Berthier, Davout relayed the order to Bernadotte at 0400 on 14 October with the order stating: "If the Prince of Ponte Corvo is with you, you may both march together, but the Emperor hopes that
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and signed the act of emancipation unconditionally. Many were also optimistic that Sweden would recover Finland under Charles John. The Swedish crown prince even unsuccessfully sought Napoleon's support to assist Sweden in conquering Norway.
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percent interest. Charles John also purchased back from the French private estates that had been confiscated during the occupation of Swedish Pomerania from 1808 to 1810 and returned them to their original Swedish and German owners.
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evidence supports Bernadotte's assertion that he was ordered to Dornberg as no orders from Napoleon to Bernadotte to march with Davout were ever found in French Imperial Archives while Berthier's order of 14 October were confirmed.
1342:." This was in accordance with Bernadotte's last set of written orders from 12 October which ordered him and Davout to get across the Prussian line of retreat. In pursuance of these orders, Bernadotte, separately from Davout, left
2098:, construct a simpler palace. This was seen by many as a protest against unnecessary spending and the king's authority. The palace itself was not completed until 1849, long after the death of Charles John, and was inaugurated by
1618:
that Eugène was "gentle and good," "but he does not seem to be a man of strong character; and, although he had had great opportunities, he does not appear to have developed any distinguishing talents." Also, Eugène, serving as
823:, the war-winning Allied campaign plan, and commanded the Allied Army of the North that defeated two concerted French attempts to capture Berlin and made the decisive attack on the last day of the catastrophic French defeat at
1511:
against Napoleon's orders. On the second day of battle, 6 July 1809, IX Corps, having been mauled the night before, wherein Bernadotte struggled to rally his demoralized Saxons, was attacked by two Austrian corps, as part of
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in February 1800. In April 1800, despite his republican sympathies, Bernadotte was offered, and freely accepted, from April 1800 to 18 August 1801, the post of Commander-in-Chief of the Army of the West in the rebellious
1760:, entirely in his hands. Amongst the first of Charles John's acts as Crown Prince was to address the dire state of the Swedish economy. The Swedish economy was in shambles after years of mismanagement since the reign of
1853:
with Russia, and then a separate peace treaty with Sweden, on the basis of Prussian recognition of the Norwegian cession to Sweden, in exchange for Swedish Pomerania, thus formally joining the Coalition in spring 1813.
1896:. Bernadotte's Army of the North would continue to guard Berlin and keep watch on Davout's forces in Hamburg while the Allies, in accordance with the plan conceived at Trachenberg, maneuvered toward Napoleon's army at
2026:
Upon Charles's death on 5 February 1818, Charles John ascended the throne. He was initially popular in both countries. The democratic process and forces steadily matured under the King's restrained executive power.
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effort to break the French line. This time Bernadotte's depleted forces – he had only 6,000 infantry left – broke and fled (Bernadotte's Corps was not the only one to break that day,
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1158:'s sister-in-law. In November of the same year he was made commander of the army of observation on the upper Rhine. Although solicited to do so by Barras and Joseph Bonaparte, he did not take part in
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against the UK, which was treated by both countries as merely nominal, although Swedish imports of British goods decreased from £4,871 million in 1810 to £523 million in the following year.
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1452:, where he was nearly killed when a spent ball struck him in the neck. Due to this near fatal wound, Bernadotte was invalided to the rear and missed the remainder of the Polish Campaign.
1038:(1796), where the Austrians outnumbered the French three to one, Bernadotte's rear-guard successfully repulsed numerous attacks while inflicting heavy losses on the enemy, preventing the
1845:
to break off relations with Sweden, Charles John corresponded with the King of Prussia, encouraging him to renounce the forced alliance with France and join the Coalition. Following the
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1590:. The problem of Charles's successor had been acute almost from the time he had ascended the throne a year earlier. He was 61 years old and in poor health. He was also childless; Queen
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where he successfully restored its tranquility. This was seen as an appointment of trust as while Napoleon embarked on his summer Italian Campaign, where he ultimately prevailed at the
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head of state upon his arrival, and took an increasing role in government from 1812 onward, with Charles XIII reduced to a mute witness in government councils following a stroke.
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had given birth to two children who had died in infancy, and there was no prospect of her bearing another child. Soon after his coronation, the king had adopted a Danish prince,
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1311:, and contributed to defeating the attempt of the right wing of the allies to outflank the French army. As a reward for his services at Austerlitz, he became the 1st Sovereign
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1358:, he could not engage in the Battle of Jena, though he effectively compelled the Prussians to retreat from both battlefields by posting his troops on the heights of Apolda.
1190:, Napoleon was resolved to win over the "Obstacle Man" and showered him with honors. Napoleon acknowledged Bernadotte's administrative ability and influence by naming him a
2625:("The Bedfellow") depicts Bernadotte as King of Sweden; an old grenadier claims that, as a young man, Bernadotte received a tattoo of a scandalous republican motto: either
1350:, which he reached by 16:00. Hampered by the very poor state of the roads, and a steep defile within which Dornburg is situated and the narrow bridge which passes over the
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Upon the death of Charles XIII in 1818, Charles John ascended to the thrones. He presided over a period of peace and prosperity, and reigned until his death in 1844.
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1027:(26 June 1794), where he distinguished himself with a decisive attack and seizure of key terrain that led to the Austrian retreat, he became a divisional general.
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2129:, which was celebrated with great enthusiasm on 18 February 1843. He reigned as King of Sweden and Norway from 5 February 1818 until his death on 8 March 1844.
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During the period of the Allied invasion of France in the winter and spring of 1814, when it was unclear who would rule France after the war, the Russian Tsar
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court initially sounded out the emperor for his preferences on candidates for crown prince, whereupon Napoleon made it clear he preferred his adopted stepson
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1642:, at once placed him under arrest on his return to Sweden, the candidature of Bernadotte gradually gained favour and on 21 August 1810 he was elected by the
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provide military backing as the intention at the time was to reacquire Finland. The current King, Charles XIII, viewed Napoleon in a more positive way than
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put an end to Napoleon's need for an heir. Ironically, Bernadotte eventually wore a crown, not through the auspices of Napoleon, but as an enemy of France.
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1614:, or one of his nephews or brothers. The Swedish envoys did not accept Eugène as a candidate. Baron Lagerbielke, the Swedish envoy in Paris, reported to
1131:
instead. Bernadotte was very dissatisfied; he finally accepted the post in Vienna, but had to quit owing to the disturbances caused by his hoisting the
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2094:. The construction began in 1825, but the Storting halted the funding after the costly foundation was laid and demanded that the appointed architect,
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attached to his command; some 65,000 men or 1/4th of the Army. Bernadotte was also tasked with assuring France's newest ally, the Elector of Bavaria,
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the emperor to remain where he was. Having been badly mauled, and fully exposed ahead of the main French line, IX Corps withdrew from the village of
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released a week prior in which Bernadotte invited the Saxons to join their old commander in defeating Napoleon. The Army of the North committed the
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formally ended the wars between Britain and Sweden and Britain and Russia and formed an alliance between Russia, Britain, and Sweden; creating the
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1865:(21 May 1813), it was the Swedish Crown Prince who put fresh fighting spirit into the Allies; and at the conference of Trachenberg he drew up the
1764:
and aggravated during the reign of his son Gustav IV Adolf. The economic turmoil had been caused, in part, by the debts accrued from Gustav III's
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After the Battle of Jena, Bernadotte crushed the Prussian Reserve Army, all fresh troops fortified behind a marsh and the River Saale, under Duke
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1545:. Bernadotte took command of a chaotic situation wherein troops from all over the Empire and its vassal states, and raw conscripts, were sent to
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Barton, H. A. (1974). "Late Gustavian Autocracy in Sweden: Gustav IV Adolf and his Opponents, 1792–1809." Scandinavian Studies, 46(3), 265–284.
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on 12 October, taking some 3000 prisoners and 19 guns and installing Maximillian Joseph back onto his throne. I Corps then co-operated in the
1115:, but immediately after deprived him of half his division of the army of the Rhine, and commanded him to march the other half back to France.
15277:
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Titeux, Eugene (1903). "Le Maréchal Bernadotte et la manoeuvre d'Jena (d'après les archives de la Guerre et les papiers du general Dupont)".
1253:, befriending many of the professors and other men of learning whom he often had over for dinner and employed to tutor himself and his wife.
1162:. From 2 July to 14 September he was Minister of War, in which capacity he displayed great ability. His popularity and contacts with radical
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and take command of the Army there. Refusing to comply with the order, he was summoned to Vienna, and after an interview with Napoleon at
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Hårdstedt, Martin (2016). "Decline and Consolidation: Sweden, the Napoleonic Wars and Geopolitical Restructuring in Northern Europe".
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The infirmity of the old King and the dissensions in the Privy Council of Sweden placed the government, and especially the control of
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1061:'s army in Italy. His successful crossing of the Alps through the storm in midwinter was highly praised but coldly received by the
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During the campaign of 1805, Bernadotte, with his army corps from Hanover formed into the I Corps, commanded the Left Wing of the
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At the age of 14, he was apprenticed to a local attorney. Aged 17, his father's death dissuaded him from following in his career.
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2047:, he sent memoranda to British and Russian governments and proclaimed neutrality in advance. It is pointed out as the origin of
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The bronze equestrian statue of the King at the Royal Palace, Oslo, unveiled in 1875, is the largest bronze statue in Norway.
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5543:, 1930; condensed one-volume biography based on Barton's detailed 3 vol biography 1914–1925, which contained many documents
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1820:. Officially, the French claimed that Sweden had repeatedly violated the Continental System and that the occupation of
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It was during this period of rapid advancement that the military qualities he became known for, daring assaults and
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1814 and to secure Norway for Sweden, as stipulated in the several treaties that created the Sixth Coalition. After
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and this started a long-lasting feud between Bernadotte and Berthier, who would become Napoleon's chief of staff.
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2125:, and some calls for his abdication. Charles John survived the abdication controversy and he went on to have his
1945:
1692:
1279:'s III Corps attached to his command, and the Bavarians, gained a victory over the Austrians driving them out of
1166:
aroused antipathy of him in the government. On the morning of 13 September he found his resignation announced in
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1598:, who had died just a few months after his arrival. Despite the fact that Napoleon favored his ally Danish King
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head of state for most of his time as Crown Prince. In 1812, following the sudden unprovoked French invasion of
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against his own brother-in-law who was currently the French-backed King of Spain. Although Napoleon had forced
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17:
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and conviction" who would “to the moment of my death, oppose all Royalists and enemies to the Directory".
1789:, which was easier to defend, by taking Norway (intentionally without the ancient and remote provinces of
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danger, as the Swedes and the Norwegians alike were proud of a monarch with a good European reputation.
1537:(July 1809) caused the French ministry in the absence of the emperor to entrust him with the defense of
1393:, where his troops stormed the Prussian defenses, taking the city and forcing Blücher's capitulation at
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on the already depleted French and Bernadotte was the first of the Allied sovereigns to enter Leipzig.
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Hedvig Elisabet Charlotta, Hedvig Elisabeth Charlottas dagbok. 9, 1812–1817, Norstedt, Stockholm, 1942
2612:
1900:. With the other Allied armies engaged in battle on 17 October, Bernadotte's army finally crossed the
1876:
Charles John, as the Commander-in-Chief of the Northern Army, successfully defended the approaches to
1858:
1675:
for the benefit of France with whom he felt a kinship as both hailed from Pau, nor converting his son
1570:
1431:
During the battle Bernadotte's personal wagon was captured by the Russians and he was accused, by the
514:
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Dictionnaire biographique des généraux et amiraux français de la Révolution et de l'Empire: 1792–1814
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1936:
1916:
After the Battle of Leipzig he went his own way, determined at all hazards to cripple Denmark and to
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1322:, Bernadotte was reproached by Napoleon for not participating with his army corps in the battles of
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Kent, Neil (2010). A Concise History of Sweden, pp. 149–150. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
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He also faced challenges in Norway. The Norwegian constitution gave the Norwegian parliament, the
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in the first years of his active reign, and revitalizing the currency, met with limited success.
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1889:
1404:
Thereafter he marched to Poland in command of the French Left Wing, composed of his I Corps and
1206:
In 1802, Napoleon Bonaparte proposed that Bernadotte head to New France to serve as governor of
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6624:
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5289:
Olivier, Jean-Marc (2006). "Bernadotte revisité ou la complexité d'un long règne (1810–1844)".
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1932:
1920:, defeating the Danes in a relatively quick campaign. His efforts culminated in the favourable
1786:
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had, who had held him in very ill regard. Another point in favour was that a large part of the
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7528:
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The social construction of Swedish neutrality: Challenges to Swedish Identity and Sovereignty
2650:
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2328:
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1952:
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8247:
8139:
7413:
7386:
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5703:
2709:
A Queen's Fortune: A Novel of Désirée, Napoleon, and the Dynasty that outlasted the Empire,
2571:
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2195:
1989:
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5034:
A Queen's Fortune: A Novel of Desiree, Napoleon, and the Dynasty that outlasted the Empire
3932:"Napoleonic Marshals : Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte : Napoleonic Wars : France"
3204:"Bernadotte, Bonaparte, and Louisiana: the last dream of a French Empire in North America"
2665:
Désirée Clary's relationships with Bonaparte and Bernadotte were the subject of the novel
1870:
1559:
1521:'s troops were also routed by the attack). The routed Saxons retreated in disorder toward
8:
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4987:
3203:
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2449:
2358:
2252:
2167:
2001:
1893:
1734:
1417:
1330:(14 October 1806). Napoleon, on the night of 13 October, thinking he had faced the whole
1238:
1184:
1154:
in August 1798, the daughter of a Marseilles merchant, and once engaged to Napoleon, and
919:
891:
738:
431:
344:
93:
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5522:
Scripts of Kingship: Essays on Bernadotte and Dynastic Formation in an Age of Revolution
5498:
3994:
2616:
2037:
Speech of the King on the day of taking the oaths of allegiance and homage, 19 May 1818.
1830:
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9113:
9063:
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8854:
8809:
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Script of Kingship: Essays on Bernadotte and Dynastic Formation in an Age of Revolution
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721:, he exhibited great military talent, rapidly rising through the ranks, and was made a
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283:
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that tells the life story of his wife (and Queen of Sweden and Norway) Désirée Clary.
1960:
1361:
The defile was such an obstacle that Bernadotte's 3rd Infantry division, commanded by
1231:
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5177:
5093:
5066:
5037:
4968:
4943:
4916:
4889:
4340:"Norway | Facts, Points of Interest, Geography, & History | Britannica"
4204:
Wenker-Wildberg, Friedrich (1936). Bernadotte: A Biography, p. 272. Jarrolds, London.
3846:
3214:
2764:
2670:
2469:
2417:
2171:
2145:
2118:
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2012:
1956:
1905:
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1769:
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308:
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270:
128:
103:
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11997:
11876:
11759:
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10369:
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9885:
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9684:
9593:
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9477:
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9178:
8506:
8048:
8019:
7972:
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7874:
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7408:
7284:
7254:
7248:
6832:
6639:
6266:
6108:
6044:
5990:
5942:
5371:(in French). Vol. 1. Paris: Librairie Historique et Nobilaire. pp. 81–82.
4492:
2256:
2210:
2188:
2107:
2044:
1996:
1964:
1866:
1499:
1495:
1460:
1245:, and from June 1804 to September 1805 served as governor of the recently occupied
1155:
1054:
1039:
820:
769:
758:
659:
324:
14678:
14079:
11182:
10721:
7911:
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1172:
before he was aware that he had tendered it. This was a trick; played upon him by
974:
14658:
14225:
14013:
13690:
13685:
13650:
13400:
13004:
12999:
12901:
12824:
12714:
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7117:
7110:
7051:
6925:
6858:
6739:
6375:
6336:
6237:
6155:
5556:
Kurtz, Harold. "Sergeant, Marshal and King: Jean Baptiste Bernadotte, 1763–1844"
4871:. Alabaster, Pasemore & Sons, Limited. 19 July 2018 – via Google Books.
4825:
4814:
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4706:
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4656:
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1881:
1834:
1750:
1664:
1456:
1441:
1423:
1378:
801:
695:
550:
382:
13870:
11093:
6994:
5143:
The Triumph of Neutrality : Bernadotte and European Geopolitics (1810–1844)
4698:(1851), "Von Seiner Majestät dem Könige Friedrich Wilhelm III. ernannte Ritter"
2697:
Bernadotte is a primary supporting character in the historical fiction novel by
1639:
1502:(5 July 1809), he entered battle with his Saxon corps, to which the division of
1257:
1073:, Bernadotte was to arrest him for insubordination. Dupuy was a close friend of
14295:
14237:
14043:
13865:
13645:
13365:
13228:
13223:
13173:
13168:
12988:
12176:
11410:
11105:
11017:
11007:
10540:
10379:
10243:
10042:
9794:
9138:
9118:
9108:
9068:
8941:
8341:
8310:
8270:
7930:
7920:
7308:
5160:
2705:
2691:
2199:
2126:
2114:
1921:
1917:
1757:
1702:
1655:
1468:
1323:
1132:
958:
840:
812:
671:
667:
65:
9153:
5615:
2239:, a French military building located in Pau, was also named after him in 1875.
15131:
15080:
14407:
14309:
14280:
14150:
13968:
13745:
13587:
13483:
13375:
12936:
12879:
10581:
9285:
9143:
9073:
8824:
8418:
8337:
8306:
8266:
8237:
8220:
8043:
8033:
8024:
7977:
7896:
7860:
7517:
7238:
6528:
5492:
5478:
5465:
2683:
2318:
1798:
1382:
1331:
1292:
1265:
789:
642:
Ambassador to the Court of Vienna and the Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary
586:
466:
13775:
8060:
5573:. "Bernadotte Revisited, or the Complexity of a Long Reign (1810–1844)", in
5487:. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 931–932.
1869:, the general plan for the campaign which began after the expiration of the
1575:
1409:
1084:
and was appointed the commander of the 4th division. During the invasion of
15115:
14571:
14316:
14261:
14175:
14130:
13958:
13840:
13632:
12789:
12774:
12744:
9133:
8969:
8874:
8577:
8168:
7682:
7481:
7366:
7058:
7044:
6718:
5801:
4696:
Liste der Ritter des Königlich Preußischen Hohen Ordens vom Schwarzen Adler
2740:
2687:
2654:
2095:
1668:
1651:
1449:
1284:
907:
725:
by 1794. He served with distinction in Italy and Germany, and was briefly
356:
153:
118:
14391:
4339:
3211:
Napoleon's Atlantic: The Impact of Napoleonic Empire in the Atlantic World
1315:(5 June 1806), a district in southern Italy formerly subject to the Pope.
941:
on 3 September 1780, and first served in the newly conquered territory of
14467:
14170:
14028:
13918:
13695:
13665:
12814:
12134:
11927:
10921:
10891:
10879:
10836:
10591:
8789:
8433:
8403:
8379:
7855:
5082:
History of Europe from the Commencement of the French Revolution Volume V
1849:, which broke the Prussian/French Alliance, Frederick Wilhelm signed the
1624:
1494:, he received the command of the 9th Corps, which was mainly composed of
1484:
1467:, which went back to Spain to fight against Napoleon at the start of the
1354:, that could pass but one artillery piece at a time according to General
1308:
1177:
1116:
1093:
754:
14268:
2070:
946:
843:
on 15 January 1814 that ceded Norway to Sweden, that in turn led to the
819:
together in alliance. He then played a major role in the writing of the
15030:
14918:
14074:
13913:
13529:
12884:
11359:
10606:
8829:
8616:
8567:
7925:
7735:
7697:
7089:
7037:
6791:
6713:
5972:
5895:
5551:
5546:
Koht, Halvdan. "Bernadotte and Swedish-American Relations, 1810–1814,"
2577:
1885:
1761:
1405:
1366:
923:
903:
15004:
13781:
5758:
13908:
13554:
13465:
13048:
12417:
7788:
7462:
7442:
7430:
7398:
7376:
7163:
3995:"Charles XIV John | king of Sweden and Norway | Britannica"
3871:
3869:
2113:
His popularity decreased for a time in the 1830s, culminating in the
1821:
1790:
1615:
1555:
1303:(2 December 1805) he was posted with his corps in the center between
954:
911:
253:
11125:
2344:
of all Swedish orders of chivalry upon his accession to the throne.
1647:
1398:
1196:
800:, Crown Prince Charles John was instrumental in the creation of the
15035:
14810:
14256:
14251:
14190:
14069:
13943:
12709:
10571:
8626:
8621:
7745:
7702:
7452:
7103:
7096:
6827:
6801:
6137:
6038:
6020:
5907:
2083:
1606:
initially had the most support to become the Swedish Crown Prince.
1582:
In 1810, Bernadotte was about to enter his new post as governor of
1522:
1508:
1432:
1346:
at dawn on the morning of the 14th for Dornburg and marched toward
1343:
1338:
1296:
1230:
Bernadotte as a Marshal of the Empire; copy of an 1804 portrait by
1210:, which was to be transferred back to French control following the
1163:
1111:, Napoleon gave Bernadotte a friendly visit at his headquarters at
961:. He reached the rank of sergeant in August 1785 and was nicknamed
950:
910:, 20 February 1754) Jeanne de Saint-Jean (1728–1809), niece of the
730:
375:
11253:
8884:
6483:
5464:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
3866:
3545:
2590:
according to the armorial of Knights of the order of the Seraphim
1817:
1478:
During Bernadotte's time as governor of the Hanseatic cities, the
1408:'s VI Corps. Left unsupported by Ney's unexpected movement toward
895:
710:
7891:
4609:
2404:
1897:
1794:
1551:
1538:
1394:
1385:(known as the "Pursuit of the Three Marshals"), Prussian general
1319:
1246:
1096:
where he led the vanguard, and at the capture of the fortress of
1092:, Bernadotte distinguished himself greatly at the passage of the
942:
874:
490:
484:
339:
5084:. William Blakewood and Sons, Edinghburg; Thomas Cadell, London.
4775:"Caballeros existentes en la insignie Orden del Toison de Oro".
1183:
Though Bernadotte declined to help Napoleon Bonaparte stage his
741:. Bernadotte played a significant role in the French victory at
7740:
7715:
7197:
5971:
5595:
2786:
2658:
2501:
2166:
His remains were interred after a state funeral in Stockholm's
1877:
1347:
1280:
1128:
1089:
1085:
1081:
915:
674:
from 1818 until his death in 1844 and the first monarch of the
257:
13324:
François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt
5560:(Jan 1964) 14#1 pp 3–13 and part 2. (Mar 1964) 14#3 pp 171–180
5165:
A History of Sweden from the Earliest Times to the Present Day
2953:
2643:("Death to the king"). The tattoo is finally revealed to read
1586:
when he was unexpectedly elected the heir-presumptive to King
859:. The Swedish–Norwegian war is viewed as Sweden's last direct
13258:
5582:
Research Guide to European Historical Biography: 1450–Present
5491:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
5319:
Memoirs and Campaigns of Charles John, Prince Royal of Sweden
4869:"The Court Journal: Court Circular & Fashionable Gazette"
4097:
Memoirs and Campaigns of Charles John, Prince Royal of Sweden
3386:
3209:. In Belaubre, Christope; Dym, Jordana; Savage, John (eds.).
3065:
3063:
3061:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3053:
3051:
2514:
1738:
1351:
1150:
After returning from Vienna, he resided in Paris. He married
1112:
1070:
1043:
965:, for his smart appearance. In early 1790 he was promoted to
792:
of the Swedish Armed Forces, soon after his arrival becoming
5365:"Bernadotte (Jean-Baptiste-Jules de, prince de Ponte-Corvo)"
5337:
Encyclopædia Britannica: A New Survey of Universal Knowledge
5244:
Walachren 1809: The Scandalous Destruction of a British Army
4395:
3523:
3521:
3508:
3506:
3352:
3350:
3049:
3047:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3018:
3016:
788:. He assumed the name Charles John and was named regent and
7296:
4058:
4056:
4017:
2184:
2091:
1901:
1583:
15198:
French military personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars
13298:
5221:
Napoleon's Empire: European Politics in Global Perspective
4735:. l'Académie Imp. des Sciences. 1817. pp. 63, 77, 89.
4315:
4243:
4207:
3842:
Napoleon's Empire: European Politics in Global Perspective
3574:
3572:
2774:
1679:(though his wife Désirée never did renounce Catholicism).
1562:
accepted the general government of the Roman departments.
30:"Carl Johan" redirects here. For a subsequent prince, see
15303:
Recipients of the Order of St. George of the First Degree
13138:
7882:
6986:
Not Swedish prince by birth, but created prince of Sweden
4885:
1,339 QI Facts To Make Your Jaw Drop: Fixed Format Layout
4781:(in Spanish). En la Imprenta Nacional. 1835. p. 72.
4520:
4518:
4431:
4407:
4362:
4126:
3962:
3881:
3773:
3761:
3749:
3713:
3701:
3677:
3665:
3641:
3611:
3599:
3557:
3533:
3518:
3503:
3491:
3410:
3374:
3347:
3287:
3275:
3028:
3013:
2761:
Allt vi trodde vi visste men som faktiskt är FEL FEL FEL!
2058:
Equestrian statue in Stockholm depicting Charles XIV John
1541:
with both regular French and Dutch troops along with the
1397:(7 November 1806). When the French forced their way into
1042:
from cutting off the retreat of the French army over the
4279:
4255:
4053:
3725:
3689:
3589:
3587:
3427:
3425:
3362:
3001:
855:, which lasted for almost a century before its peaceful
8714:
6630:
King John II Casimir of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania
5803:
Charles XIV John of Sweden / Charles III John of Norway
4547:
Alm, Mikael; Johansson, Brittinger (Eds) (2008), p. 12.
4419:
4291:
4186:
4138:
3569:
3454:
3452:
3337:
3335:
3333:
3331:
3239:
3183:
3135:
3099:
2989:
2977:
2814:
1337:
he will be in the position which had been indicated at
1272:, that the Austrians would be driven from his country.
1142:
Bust of a young Bernadotte at the Bernadotte Museum in
902:. He was the son of Jean Henri Bernadotte (1711–1780),
690:) and before he became royalty in Sweden, his name was
5174:
Bernadotte: Un marechal d'empire sur le trone de Suede
4515:
4443:
3805:"Charles XIII | king of Sweden | Britannica"
3329:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3315:
3313:
3311:
2905:
1727:
Charles John, address to the Estates, 5 November 1810.
1015:
By 1794 he was promoted to brigadier, attached to the
851:
was defeated in nineteen days. This put Norway into a
15263:
Commanders Grand Cross of the Order of the Polar Star
4882:
Lloyd, John; Mitchinson, John; Harkin, James (2013).
4881:
4383:
4303:
4267:
4231:
4219:
4162:
4150:
4114:
4029:
3909:
3785:
3737:
3653:
3584:
3437:
3422:
3398:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2855:
15293:
Grand Crosses of the Military Order of Maria Theresa
14054:
List of people associated with the French Revolution
6625:
King Władysław IV of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania
5282:
Memorials of Charles John, King of Sweden and Norway
4617:. Gedruckt in der Berlingschen Officin. p. 126.
4102:
4046:
4044:
3950:
3479:
3449:
3171:
3159:
3147:
3123:
3111:
3087:
3075:
2941:
2929:
2917:
2011:
Coronation of Charles III John as King of Norway in
2000:
Coronation of Charles XIV John as King of Sweden in
14286:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
11376:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
5300:
Bernadotte : Napoleon's Marshal, Sweden's King
4838:"Grand Crosses of the Order of the Tower and Sword"
4751:
Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Kaiserthumes Österreich
4747:"Ritter-Orden: Militärischer Maria-Theresien-Orden"
4174:
3926:
3924:
3902:
Ancienneté och Rang-Rulla öfver Krigsmagten år 1813
3308:
2802:
15223:Swedish military commanders of the Napoleonic Wars
5565:Bernadotte: Marshal of France & King of Sweden
5348:. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
5263:The Nordic Way : A Path to Baltic Equilibrium
2965:
2893:
2881:
2852:
733:was turbulent; nevertheless, Napoleon named him a
15193:Military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars
7024:
6019:
5088:Alm, Mikael; Johansson, Brittinger (Eds) (2008).
4041:
2832:
768:In 1810, Bernadotte was unexpectedly elected the
15208:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
15129:
13212:Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen
5876:
5411:1813 Leipzig. Napoleon and the Battle of Nations
4962:
4804:Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden
4778:Guía de forasteros en Madrid para el año de 1835
4720:(in German), "Königliche Ritter-Orden", pp. 3, 5
4605:
4603:
3921:
3257:
3213:. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. pp. 141–150.
1812:In January 1812, French troops suddenly invaded
15298:Recipients of the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross
14664:Marie Jean François Philibert Lecarlier d'Ardon
11084:England expects that every man will do his duty
7835:
6640:John Albert, Prince-Bishop of Warmia and Kraków
5497:Ripley, George; Dana, Charles A., eds. (1879).
5335:Scott, Franklin D. (1962). "Charles XIV John".
4909:Ganzon, Guadalupe Fores-; Mañeru, Luis (1995).
4601:
4599:
4597:
4595:
4593:
4591:
4589:
4587:
4585:
4583:
4530:
1924:, which transferred Norway to Swedish control.
1221:
1053:At the beginning of 1797 he was ordered by the
937:Bernadotte joined the army as a private in the
886:Jean Bernadotte was born on 26 January 1763 in
784:, a Swedish courtier and obscure member of the
15233:Converts to Lutheranism from Roman Catholicism
11254:Significant civil and political events by year
5167:. Chicago, New York: author. pp. 249–271.
4830:
4797:
4718:Staatshandbuch für den Freistaat Sachsen: 1839
3470:
2106:n, would later be named after Charles John as
1927:The Norwegians rejected Swedish control. They
1565:
1533:With Bernadotte having returned to Paris, the
1057:to march with 20,000 men as reinforcements to
15258:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Sword
14990:
14796:
14428:Paul François Jean Nicolas, vicomte de Barras
14377:
11141:
8900:
8700:
7986:
7804:
7179:
7010:
6499:
6475:***Prince/Princess of Sweden by marriage only
6374:
6236:
5774:
3989:
3987:
3985:
3983:
3981:
3979:
3977:
1459:, on 14 July 1807, he became governor of the
835:that saw the defeat of the Danish Army, King
526:Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces
14307:
14266:
14242:
14223:
13207:Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick
6724:Prince Frederick Adolf, Duke of Östergötland
5520:Alm, Mikael and Britt-Inger Johansson, eds.
4908:
4580:
2644:
2638:
2632:
2626:
2620:
1970:
1448:, preserving the French bridgehead over the
1080:He had his first interview with Napoleon in
15268:Commanders Grand Cross of the Order of Vasa
11894:
6607:Prince Charles Philip, Duke of Södermanland
5973:Charles XV of Sweden / Charles IV of Norway
5330:. Cambridge, MA.: Harvard University Press.
5065:. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
4963:Solomon, Maynard; Herttrich, Ernst (1988).
2552:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
1264:'s II Corps and having the majority of the
761:, made Bernadotte a member of the extended
698:, he participated in several battles as a
27:King of Sweden and Norway from 1818 to 1844
15273:Grand masters of the Order of Charles XIII
14997:
14983:
14803:
14789:
14384:
14370:
13411:Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth
11148:
11134:
8907:
8893:
8707:
8693:
7811:
7797:
7186:
7172:
7017:
7003:
6506:
6492:
6471:^lost his title due to an unequal marriage
5781:
5767:
5496:
5316:
5134:The Amazing Career of Bernadotte 1763–1844
4732:Almanach de la cour: pour l'année ... 1817
4610:Johann Heinrich Friedrich Berlien (1846).
4334:
4332:
4330:
3974:
3834:
3832:
3830:
3069:
2588:Coat of arms of Crown Prince Charles John
1686:
945:. Subsequently, the Régiment stationed in
709:in the region of southern France known as
47:
15308:Names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe
14966:Star of the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross
14888:Crown Prince Friedrich Wilhelm of Prussia
14842:Bogislav Friedrich Emanuel von Tauentzien
13676:Louis Michel le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau
13334:Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau
13157:Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany
8599:
7729:
6982:Lost his title due to an unequal marriage
6890:Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten
5218:
5199:
5092:, Reklam & katalogtryck AB, Uppsala.
4993:
4967:. Harvard University Press. p. 343.
4368:
4261:
1955:, with support from French liberals like
1046:after its defeat by the Austrians at the
622:Names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe
14108:
11392:Nationalization of the Church properties
8555:
8499:
8426:
8184:
8147:
8089:
7676:
7643:
7560:
7495:
5440:
5279:
5158:
5149:
4437:
4401:
4023:
3578:
2780:
2144:
2136:
2069:
2053:
2006:
1995:
1982:
1974:
1701:Bernadotte as Crown Prince, painting by
1696:
1569:
1422:
1241:, Bernadotte became one of the eighteen
1225:
1137:
984:
932:
873:
869:
177:2 July 1799 – 14 September 1799
14337:Historiography of the French Revolution
13608:Antoine Christophe Merlin de Thionville
13319:Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette
7226:
6823:Prince Carl Oscar, Duke of Södermanland
6645:Prince Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Opole
5983:
5788:
5584:(4 vol. 1992); vol. 1, pp. 126–134
5524:(Uppsala: Swedish Science Press, 2008)
5500:"Bernadotte, Jean Baptiste Jules"
5288:
5260:
5190:
4935:
4413:
4327:
4099:, pp. 144–145. C.J. Barrington, London.
3838:
3827:
3475:. London: Methuen & Co. p. 81.
3380:
3201:
2607:
1805:Swedish population. Sweden reluctantly
717:in 1780. Following the outbreak of the
14:
15130:
14505:Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord
13344:Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord
13299:Other significant figures and factions
9230:Planned invasion of the United Kingdom
7818:
7193:
6523:The generations indicate descent from
6136:
5427:
5297:
5241:
5171:
5140:
5131:
5122:
5111:
5102:
5079:
5031:
4939:The Complete Prophecies of Nostradamus
4524:
4449:
4321:
4309:
4285:
4273:
4249:
4225:
4213:
4192:
4168:
4156:
4144:
4132:
4120:
4108:
4035:
3968:
3956:
3915:
3887:
3875:
3791:
3779:
3767:
3755:
3743:
3719:
3707:
3683:
3671:
3659:
3647:
3617:
3605:
3593:
3563:
3551:
3539:
3527:
3512:
3497:
3485:
3443:
3431:
3416:
3404:
3392:
3368:
3356:
3293:
3281:
3245:
3189:
3177:
3165:
3153:
3141:
3129:
3117:
3105:
3093:
3081:
3022:
3007:
2995:
2983:
2971:
2959:
2947:
2935:
2923:
2911:
2899:
2887:
2835:"Sweden celebrates 200 years of peace"
2792:
2599:Coat of arms of King Charles XIV John
1287:which resulted in the shutting off of
666:; 26 January 1763 – 8 March 1844) was
165:Minister of War of the French Republic
15283:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain
15153:People from Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques
14978:
14784:
14562:Jean-Baptiste Annibal Aubert du Bayet
14433:François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy
14395:(2 November 1795 to 10 November 1799)
14365:
14212:
14107:
13391:François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy
13297:
13147:James Saumarez, 1st Baron de Saumarez
13086:Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
13044:Friedrich Adolf, Count von Kalckreuth
12647:
11893:
11524:Paris Commune becomes insurrectionary
11252:
11155:
11129:
10912:Spanish American wars of independence
8888:
8688:
7792:
7167:
6998:
6487:
6373:
6235:
6135:
6018:
5970:
5875:
5800:
5762:
5408:
5343:
5334:
5325:
5265:. Washington, DC: The Compass Press.
5176:. Paris: Ellipses Edition Marketing.
5060:
4425:
4389:
4297:
4237:
4180:
4073:
4071:
4062:
3731:
3695:
3458:
3258:Wencker-Wildberg, Friederich (1936).
3227:from the original on 12 November 2018
2820:
2808:
2796:
1880:and was victorious in battle against
1490:Recalled to Germany to assist in the
980:
808:and using Swedish diplomacy to bring
15278:Knights of the Order of Charles XIII
14832:Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bülow
14423:Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux
13545:Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux
12957:Claude Victor-Perrin, Duc de Belluno
12648:
11744:Insurrection of 12 Germinal Year III
6947:Prince Daniel, Duke of Västergötland
6942:Prince Carl Philip, Duke of Värmland
6864:Prince Wilhelm, Duke of Södermanland
5469:
5377:
5125:Bernadotte Prince and King 1810–1844
4942:. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc.
4005:from the original on 9 November 2020
3341:
2875:
2833:Solveig Rundquist (15 August 2014).
2562:
2170:. He was succeeded by his only son,
1295:. Bernadotte's troops then captured
1180:, the directors allied to Napoleon.
1160:the coup d'état of the 30th Prairial
582:Grand Master Order of the Polar Star
442:United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway
15288:Recipients of the Iron Cross (1813)
15253:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
15203:Marshals of the First French Empire
14837:Crown Prince Charles John of Sweden
14213:
13152:Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth
10897:Franco-Swedish War (Pomeranian War)
8914:
6978:Also prince of Poland and Lithuania
6771:Crown Prince Gustav, Prince of Vasa
6745:Prince Carl Gustav, Duke of Småland
6566:Prince Magnus, Duke of Östergötland
6513:
5445:. Stockholm: The Swedish Institute.
5362:
5328:Bernadotte and the Fall of Napoleon
5136:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
4614:Ordenskapitelsarchivs zu Kopenhagen
4568:from the original on 26 August 2021
4503:from the original on 14 August 2018
3938:from the original on 3 January 2019
2202:, was also named after him in 1854.
1363:Jean-Baptiste Drouet, Comte d'Erlon
1127:, to appoint him to the embassy of
24:
15114:
14342:Influence of the French Revolution
14332:Symbolism in the French Revolution
13096:Prince Heinrich XV of Reuss-Plauen
13057:Charles Eugene, Prince of Lambesc
11312:Convocation of the Estates General
6905:Prince Carl Johan, Duke of Dalarna
6838:Prince Carl, Duke of Västergötland
5514:
5115:Bernadotte and Napoleon: 1763–1810
4848:from the original on 7 August 2018
4473:from the original on 5 August 2018
4068:
2225:, was also named in honour of him.
1492:new war between France and Austria
780:, thanks to the advocacy of Baron
572:Grand Master Order of the Seraphim
25:
15339:
14878:Helmuth Graf von Moltke the Elder
14736:Georges René Le Peley de Pléville
14592:Edmond Louis Alexis Dubois-Crancé
14541:Charles Joseph Mathieu Lambrechts
13984:Guillaume-Chrétien de Malesherbes
13716:Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville
13018:Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen
12800:François Christophe de Kellermann
12039:Battle of Peyrestortes (Pyrenees)
7153:Heirs who succeeded are shown in
6874:Prince Carl, Duke of Östergötland
6597:Prince John, Duke of Östergötland
5588:
5280:Meredith, William George (1829).
4757:from the original on 4 April 2023
3815:from the original on 27 July 2014
2019:Charles John had been regent and
1318:During the 1806 campaign against
906:at Pau, and his wife (married at
587:Grand Master of the Order of Vasa
200:Edmond Louis Alexis Dubois-Crancé
15168:Swedish people of French descent
14883:Prince Friedrich Karl of Prussia
14654:Jean-Marie Sotin de La Coindière
14628:Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai
14546:Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès
14536:Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai
14526:Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai
14476:
14438:Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai
13711:Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai
13618:Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours
13588:Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot
13479:Jean-Marie Roland de la Platière
13257:
13222:
13192:
13167:
13124:
12998:
12875:Édouard Mortier, Duke of Trévise
12656:
11428:Civil Constitution of the Clergy
10772:Frederick William III of Prussia
10752:Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly
8873:
8728:
7142:
6869:Prince Erik, Duke of Västmanland
6533:Houses of Palatinate-Zweibrücken
6467:**also prince/princess of Norway
5745:2 July 1799 – 14 September 1799
5594:
5541:The amazing career of Bernadotte
5531:(2010) 125#512 pp. 205–208.
5457:
5025:
4981:
4956:
4929:
4902:
4875:
4861:
4806:(1834), "Großherzogliche Orden"
4785:from the original on 7 June 2020
4768:
4739:
4723:
4711:
4689:
4665:
4643:
4621:
4558:"The statues in the Palace Park"
4550:
4541:
4485:
4455:
4374:
4198:
3272:Maude, F.A. (1912), pp. 150–151.
3262:. London: Jarrolds. p. 173.
2593:
2582:
2570:
1935:and elected Danish crown prince
898:in the southwestern part of the
392:
15238:18th-century French politicians
14618:Dominique-Vincent Ramel-Nogaret
14577:Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer
14049:Jean-Jacques Duval d'Eprémesnil
13796:Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne
13721:Philippe-François-Joseph Le Bas
12932:Jean-Mathieu-Philibert Sérurier
12927:Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer
12907:Catherine-Dominique de Pérignon
12735:Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine
11653:Marie Antoinette is guillotined
10892:Russo-Swedish War (Finnish War)
10822:Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
6910:Prince Lennart, Duke of Småland
6895:Prince Sigvard, Duke of Uppland
5684:5 February 1818 – 8 March 1844
5443:The Roots of Swedish Neutrality
5132:Barton, Dunbar Plunket (1930).
5123:Barton, Dunbar Plunket (1925).
5112:Barton, Dunbar Plunket (1921).
5103:Barton, Dunbar Plunket (1914).
4350:from the original on 2 May 2015
4089:
4080:
3893:
3797:
3632:
3623:
3464:
3305:Maude, F.A (1912), pp. 222–226.
3299:
3266:
3251:
3195:
2726:Union between Sweden and Norway
2492:Military Order of Maria Theresa
1888:in September at the Battles of
1693:Union between Sweden and Norway
617:Military Order of Maria Theresa
577:Grand Master Order of the Sword
292:
15218:Burials at Riddarholmen Church
15163:Naturalized citizens of Sweden
14582:Louis Marie de Milet de Mureau
14322:Women in the French Revolution
13924:Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien
13101:Johann Mészáros von Szoboszló
12765:Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino
12394:French invasion of Switzerland
10807:Prince Regent John of Portugal
10717:Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
10662:Frederick Augustus I of Saxony
10657:Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria
6900:Prince Bertil, Duke of Halland
6807:Prince August, Duke of Dalarna
6797:Prince Gustaf, Duke of Uppland
5623:New International Encyclopedia
5141:Berdah, Jean-Francois (2009).
5080:Alison, Sir Archibald (1836).
5036:. New York: Ballantine Books.
3471:Dunn-Pattinson, R. P. (1909).
2826:
2753:
2191:, was named after him in 1852.
1427:Bernadotte as a French Marshal
996:Following the outbreak of the
692:Jean-Baptiste Jules Bernadotte
188:Louis Marie de Milet de Mureau
79:5 February 1818 – 8 March 1844
13:
1:
15056:Carl Fredrik Johannes Bødtker
15010:Norwegian Order of Freemasons
14873:Edwin Freiherr von Manteuffel
14827:Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher
14813:Grand Cross of the Iron Cross
14746:Marc-Antoine Bourdon de Vatry
14731:Laurent Jean François Truguet
14705:François Sébastien Letourneux
14327:Incroyables and merveilleuses
14146:Pierre Claude François Daunou
13934:Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé
13065:Maximilian Baillet de Latour
13036:Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze
12333:Naval Engagement off Brittany
12086:Battle of Villers-en-Cauchies
12060:Battle of Truillas (Pyrenees)
11869:Constitution of the Year VIII
11604:Committee of General Security
11489:National Legislative Assembly
11344:National Constituent Assembly
10832:Prince Charles John of Sweden
7836:
7026:Heirs to the throne of Sweden
6833:Prince Oscar, Duke of Gotland
6021:Oscar II of Sweden and Norway
5708:5 June 1806 – 21 August 1810
5550:(1944) 16#4 pp. 265–285
5204:. London: C. Hurst & Co.
5159:Cronholm, Neander N. (1902).
5145:. Revue D’ Histoire Nordique.
5054:
4493:"King Carl Johan (1763–1844)"
4463:"History of the Royal Palace"
2460:Order of St. Alexander Nevsky
2394:Grand Cross of the Iron Cross
2317:Commander Grand Cross of the
2307:Commander Grand Cross of the
2287:Commander Grand Cross of the
2194:The former main base for the
2121:conviction of the journalist
1948:with Sweden later that year.
1623:, did not wish to convert to
1212:Third Treaty of San Ildefonso
1065:. Upon receiving insult from
845:Swedish–Norwegian War of 1814
749:as a reward. His marriage to
602:Order of St. George 1st Class
597:Grand Cross of the Iron Cross
592:Grand Collar Legion of Honour
54:
14674:Claude Sébastien Bourguignon
14608:Martin-Michel-Charles Gaudin
14531:Jean Joseph Victor Génissieu
14458:Jean-François-Auguste Moulin
14245:Liberté, égalité, fraternité
14039:Charles Alexandre de Calonne
13929:Louis Henri, Prince of Condé
13826:Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte
13726:Marc-Guillaume Alexis Vadier
13416:Charles Malo François Lameth
13091:Peter Vitus von Quosdanovich
12922:Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr
12865:Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey
12065:Second Battle of Wissembourg
11752:Constitution of the Year III
8014:descendant of Inge the Elder
7958:descendant of Inge the Elder
6531:, and continues through the
5878:Oscar I of Sweden and Norway
5387:Ambassade de France en Suede
5346:Sweden, The Nation's History
4858:Retrieved 21 September 2018.
3878:, pp. 250–256, 268–272.
3554:, pp. 169–170, 256–257.
2741:War of the Seventh Coalition
2721:Swedish–Norwegian War (1814)
2547:Order of the Tower and Sword
2545:: Knight Grand Cross of the
2490:: Knight Grand Cross of the
2268:: Knight Grand Cross of the
2255:: Knight Grand Eagle of the
2141:Charles John on his deathbed
1741:family through his favorite
1654:, and was subsequently made
1222:Marshal of the French Empire
678:. In Norway, he is known as
556:Swedish–Norwegian War (1814)
145:5 June 1806 – 21 August 1810
7:
15076:Anton Cathinco Stub Holmboe
14847:Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg
14649:Jean-Jacques Lenoir-Laroche
14644:Charles Cochon de Lapparent
14623:Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet
14413:Étienne-François Letourneur
14141:Charles-Augustin de Coulomb
13766:Antoine Christophe Saliceti
13701:Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois
13661:Louis Antoine de Saint-Just
13540:Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet
13525:Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve
13520:Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud
13329:Isaac René Guy le Chapelier
13182:William V, Prince of Orange
12052:First Battle of Wissembourg
12009:(21 Dec 1792 - 25 May 1793)
11725:Closing of the Jacobin Club
11594:(27 Jun 1793 – 27 Jul 1794)
11551:(20 Sep 1792 – 26 Oct 1795)
11411:Abolition of the Parlements
11384:Women's March on Versailles
8255:Bengt Jönsson (Oxenstierna)
6963:Prince Oscar, Duke of Skåne
6843:Prince Eugen, Duke of Närke
6750:Crown Prince Charles August
5563:Lord Russell of Liverpool:
5527:Review by Rasmus Glenthøj,
5344:Scott, Franklin D. (1988).
5261:Killham, Edward L. (1993).
5246:. Barnsley: Pen and Sword.
5191:Foucart, Paul Jean (1887).
5150:Chandler, David G. (1987).
5105:Bernadotte: The First Phase
4673:Riksarkivet – Sök i arkiven
3202:Olivier, Jean-Marc (2010).
2714:
2532:Order of the Zähringer Lion
2425:Military Order of St. Henry
2246:
2102:. The main street in Oslo,
1566:Offer of the Swedish throne
1237:On the introduction of the
1125:Minister of Foreign Affairs
1100:(19 March 1797). After the
878:Bernadotte's birthplace in
737:on the proclamation of the
10:
15344:
15243:Ministers of war of France
15158:French emigrants to Sweden
14613:Guillaume-Charles Faipoult
14500:Charles-François Delacroix
14276:French Republican calendar
13831:Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel
13456:Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac
12810:Pierre Choderlos de Laclos
12760:Charles François Dumouriez
12750:Jacques François Dugommier
12564:League of Armed Neutrality
12397:(28 January – 17 May 1798)
12349:Battle of the Bay of Cádiz
12172:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795)
12151:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795)
11815:Second Congress of Rastatt
11599:Committee of Public Safety
11586:(9 Mar 1793 – 31 May 1795)
10667:Frederick I of Württemberg
9037:Confederation of the Rhine
8325:Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna
8278:Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna
8261:Nils Jönsson (Oxenstierna)
5601:Charles XIV John of Sweden
5441:Wahlbäck, Krister (1986).
5321:. London: C.J. Barrington.
2736:War of the Sixth Coalition
2530:Knight Grand Cross of the
2520:Knight Grand Cross of the
2506:Order of the Golden Fleece
2423:Knight Grand Cross of the
2383:Knight Grand Cross of the
2347:
2297:Knight Grand Cross of the
2217:), located in present-day
2177:
1713:to the Lutheranism of the
1690:
1414:Levin August von Bennigsen
29:
15112:
15016:
14963:
14947:
14934:Prince Leopold of Bavaria
14911:
14855:
14819:
14758:
14723:
14687:
14636:
14600:
14554:
14518:
14510:Charles-Frédéric Reinhard
14492:
14485:
14474:
14400:
14291:Cult of the Supreme Being
14219:
14208:
14114:
14103:
14062:
13896:
13889:
13774:
13631:
13553:
13464:
13451:Pierre Paul Royer-Collard
13357:
13306:Patriotic Society of 1789
13304:
13293:
13255:
13220:
13190:
13165:
13122:
13109:Karl Philipp Sebottendorf
13031:Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg
12996:
12987:
12965:
12670:
12654:
12643:
12612:
12575:
12548:Convention of Alessandria
12530:
12437:
12384:
12315:
12185:
12159:
12076:
11973:
11900:
11889:
11845:
11834:Law of 22 Floréal Year VI
11826:
11799:
11736:
11672:
11567:
11500:
11449:
11403:
11295:What Is the Third Estate?
11286:
11259:
11248:
11163:
11046:
10930:
10845:
10827:Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden
10817:William, Prince of Orange
10680:
10627:Pierre-Charles Villeneuve
10560:
10553:
10433:
10312:
10176:
10005:
9919:
9873:
9622:
9516:
9440:
9334:
9248:
9200:
9191:
9087:
8988:
8979:
8956:French Invasion of Russia
8922:
8871:
8735:
8726:
8649:
8590:
8541:
8476:
8417:
8167:
8138:
8080:
7971:
7873:
7826:
7757:
7714:
7661:
7628:
7545:
7480:
7204:
7151:
7140:
7032:
6971:
6955:
6934:
6918:
6882:
6851:
6815:
6784:
6763:
6732:
6706:
6690:
6669:
6653:
6617:
6579:
6548:
6521:
6464:
6435:
6412:
6386:
6382:
6376:Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden
6369:
6345:
6309:
6286:
6248:
6244:
6238:Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden
6231:
6206:
6177:
6148:
6144:
6131:
6089:
6066:
6031:
6027:
6014:
5979:
5966:
5929:
5888:
5884:
5871:
5846:
5829:
5813:
5809:
5796:
5747:
5741:Minister of War of France
5738:
5730:
5725:
5710:
5701:
5696:
5686:
5673:
5665:
5660:
5633:
5617:"Charles XIV. John"
5548:Journal of Modern History
5529:English Historical Review
5317:Philippart, John (1814).
5291:Revue d'histoire nordique
5242:Howard, Martin R (2012).
5193:Campagne de Prusse (1806)
5061:Agius, Christine (2006).
4952:– via Google Books.
4925:– via Google Books.
4898:– via Google Books.
4095:Phillipart, John (1814).
3845:. Springer. p. 221.
2763:, Bokförlaget Semic 2007
2637:("Death to tyrants"), or
2123:Magnus Jacob Crusenstolpe
2090:in the Norwegian capital
2074:The monument outside the
1987:King Charles XIV John at
1971:King of Sweden and Norway
971:non-commissioned officers
649:
630:
564:
546:French Revolutionary Wars
538:
476:
458:
450:
409:
404:
400:
388:
371:
363:
350:
338:
329:Karl Johan Baptist Julius
323:
318:
314:
302:
277:
263:
243:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
193:
181:
170:
163:
159:
149:
141:
134:
124:
114:
83:
75:
64:
46:
41:
14587:Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte
13999:Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target
13964:Joséphine de Beauharnais
13846:Stanislas-Marie Maillard
13816:François-Nicolas Vincent
13801:Pierre Gaspard Chaumette
12975:Charles-Alexandre Linois
12870:Jean Victor Marie Moreau
12850:François Séverin Marceau
12830:François Joseph Lefebvre
12725:Jean-Étienne Championnet
12700:Louis-Alexandre Berthier
12695:Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte
12690:Alexandre de Beauharnais
12680:Eustache Charles d'Aoust
12402:French Invasion of Egypt
12280:Second Battle of Bassano
12014:Battle of Kaiserslautern
11788:Conspiracy of the Equals
11481:The Constitution of 1791
11352:Storming of the Bastille
10737:Archduke John of Austria
10732:Prince von Schwarzenberg
10577:Louis-Alexandre Berthier
7443:Magnus VI the Law-mender
6635:Prince Alexander Charles
6592:Gustav, Prince of Uglich
5896:King Charles XV & IV
5575:Nordic Historical Review
5326:Scott, Franklin (1935).
5284:. London: Henry Colburn.
5200:Griffiths, Tony (2004).
5195:. Paris: Berger-Levraut.
5032:Pataki, Allison (2020).
5003:. Movies & TV Dept.
4824:2 September 2019 at the
4813:2 September 2019 at the
3070:Ripley & Dana (1879)
2962:, pp. 50–52, 70–71.
2746:
2676:The novel was filmed as
2375:Order of the Black Eagle
2132:
1075:Louis-Alexandre Berthier
939:Régiment Royal–La Marine
776:) to the childless King
729:. His relationship with
713:, Bernadotte joined the
522:Allied Army of the North
501:Army of the Rhine (1798)
15323:Crown princes of Norway
15318:Crown princes of Sweden
15041:Johan Gottfried Conradi
14710:François de Neufchâteau
14700:François de Neufchâteau
14448:Jean Baptiste Treilhard
14443:François de Neufchâteau
13979:Jacques-Donatien Le Ray
13851:Charles-Philippe Ronsin
13811:Antoine-François Momoro
13806:Charles-Philippe Ronsin
13623:François de Neufchâteau
13573:Charles-François Lebrun
13515:Jean Baptiste Treilhard
13396:Guillaume-Mathieu Dumas
13272:Luis Firmin de Carvajal
13078:Rudolf Ritter von Otto
13073:Karl Mack von Leiberich
12705:Jean-Baptiste Bessières
12519:Second Battle of Zurich
12410:Irish Rebellion of 1798
12256:First Battle of Bassano
12094:Second Battle of Boulou
11895:Revolutionary campaigns
11853:Coup of 30 Prairial VII
11768:Council of Five Hundred
11556:First republic declared
11492:(1 Oct 1791 – Sep 1792)
11473:Declaration of Pillnitz
11197:Constitutional monarchy
10672:Frederick VI of Denmark
10622:Jean-Baptiste Bessières
9412:Greater Poland uprising
9235:Duc d'Enghien Execution
7716:III. Independent Norway
7399:Haakon II Broadshoulder
6394:Crown Princess Victoria
6346:Grandchildren's spouses
6197:Princess Maria Pavlovna
6185:Crown Princess Margaret
5506:The American Cyclopædia
5484:Encyclopædia Britannica
5302:. London: John Murray.
5172:Favier, Franck (2010).
4936:Reading, Mario (2018).
3395:, pp. 758, 764–65.
3260:Bernadotte: A Biography
2631:("Death to kings"), or
2613:Louis-Émile Vanderburch
2522:House Order of Fidelity
2309:Order of the Polar Star
2270:Order of the Iron Crown
1847:Convention of Tauroggen
1747:Aurora Wilhelmina Brahe
1687:Crown Prince and Regent
1017:Army of Sambre-et-Meuse
969:, the highest rank for
839:was forced to sign the
837:Frederick VI of Denmark
607:Order of the Iron Crown
15119:
15061:Hans Johndal Rønneberg
14893:August Graf von Werder
14868:August Karl von Goeben
14863:Albert, King of Saxony
14741:Étienne Eustache Bruix
14715:Nicolas Marie Quinette
14453:Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès
14308:
14267:
14243:
14224:
13736:Prieur de la Côte-d'Or
13731:Jean-Pierre-André Amar
13641:Maximilien Robespierre
13474:Jacques Pierre Brissot
13339:Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès
12770:Louis-Charles de Flers
12755:Thomas-Alexandre Dumas
12720:Jean François Carteaux
12495:First Battle of Zurich
12458:(20 Mar – 21 May 1799)
12413:(23 May – 23 Sep 1798)
12373:Treaty of Campo Formio
12119:Glorious First of June
12047:(18 Sep – 18 Dec 1793)
12006:Expedition to Sardinia
11684:Desmoulins guillotined
11619:Assassination of Marat
11611:Fall of the Girondists
11583:Revolutionary Tribunal
11575:Execution of Louis XVI
11465:Champ de Mars massacre
11368:Abolition of Feudalism
10792:Ferdinand VII of Spain
9240:Coronation of Napoleon
8387:Sten Sture the Younger
8318:Kettil Karlsson (Vasa)
8301:Kettil Karlsson (Vasa)
8244:Christopher of Bavaria
7630:II. Independent Norway
5610:. The Napoleon Series.
5580:Moncure, James A. ed.
5154:. New York: MacMillan.
5127:. London: John Murray.
5118:. London: John Murray.
5009:. 2008. Archived from
4915:. Fundación Santiago.
2645:
2639:
2633:
2627:
2621:
2435:Order of the Rue Crown
2385:Order of the Red Eagle
2223:Västra Götaland County
2219:Karlsborg Municipality
2214:
2164:
2154:
2142:
2079:
2059:
2034:
2016:
2004:
1993:
1980:
1933:a liberal constitution
1884:in August and against
1787:Scandinavian peninsula
1724:
1705:
1644:Riksdag of the Estates
1588:Charles XIII of Sweden
1579:
1480:Abdications of Bayonne
1428:
1299:on 30 October. In the
1243:Marshals of the Empire
1234:
1147:
1109:Treaty of Campo Formio
1067:Dominique Martin Dupuy
993:
989:Bernadotte during the
883:
786:Riksdag of the Estates
778:Charles XIII of Sweden
687:
663:
530:Norwegian Armed Forces
328:
15118:
15051:Wilhelm Hansen Færden
15046:August Christian Mohr
15021:King Charles III John
14418:Jean-François Rewbell
14181:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
13446:Jean-Charles Pichegru
13426:Jean-François Rewbell
12912:Jean-Charles Pichegru
12795:Jean-Baptiste Jourdan
12785:Jacques Maurice Hatry
12556:Battle of Hohenlinden
12429:(12 Oct – 5 Dec 1798)
12264:Battle of Emmendingen
12211:Battle of Castiglione
12098:(30 Apr – 1 May 1794)
12029:Battle of Hondschoote
11700:Thermidorian Reaction
11664:(throughout the year)
11437:Fête de la Fédération
11363:(20 Jul – 5 Aug 1789)
11347:(9 Jul – 30 Sep 1791)
11331:(17 Jun – 9 Jul 1790)
11079:Conference of Dresden
10988:Paris (February 1812)
10917:Swedish–Norwegian War
10742:Alexander I of Russia
7414:Haakon III Sverresson
7387:Eystein II Haraldsson
7362:Sigurd I the Crusader
7211:Foreign and non-royal
7206:I. Independent Norway
6974:Also prince of Norway
6755:King Charles XIV John
5413:. London: Greenhill.
5409:Smith, Digby (2001).
5363:Six, Georges (1934).
5298:Palmer, Alan (1990).
4888:. Faber & Faber.
4655:27 March 2018 at the
4633:27 March 2018 at the
4562:Royal House of Norway
3839:Planert, Ute (2015).
2601:of Sweden and Norway
2409:Order of the Elephant
2329:Order of Charles XIII
2279:Order of the Seraphim
2160:
2148:
2140:
2073:
2057:
2030:
2010:
1999:
1986:
1979:Coronation medal 1844
1978:
1929:declared independence
1857:After the defeats at
1843:Frederick William III
1839:Supreme Central Junta
1720:
1700:
1691:Further information:
1638:, amazed at Mörner's
1612:Eugène de Beauharnais
1573:
1473:Order of the Elephant
1426:
1412:, the Russians under
1270:Maximillian IV Joseph
1229:
1169:Le Moniteur Universel
1141:
988:
933:Early military career
890:, the capital of the
877:
870:Early life and family
806:Alexander I of Russia
735:Marshal of the Empire
612:Order of the Elephant
463:Marshal of the Empire
451:Years of service
422:Kingdom of the French
119:Charles XIII & II
32:Carl Johan Bernadotte
15328:19th-century regents
14939:August von Mackensen
14903:Frederick Francis II
14109:Influential thinkers
13856:Jean-François Varlet
13756:Jean-Lambert Tallien
13751:Jean Bon Saint-André
13578:Pierre-Joseph Cambon
13500:Marquis de Condorcet
13349:Nicolas de Condorcet
13114:Dagobert von Wurmser
12947:Louis-Gabriel Suchet
12890:Pierre-Jacques Osten
12805:Jean-Baptiste Kléber
12740:Louis-Nicolas Davout
12730:Chapuis de Tourville
12272:Battle of Schliengen
12219:Battle of Theiningen
12140:Battle of Aldenhoven
12024:Battle of Wattignies
11993:Battle of Neerwinden
11807:Coup of 18 Fructidor
11320:Death of the Dauphin
11033:Fontainebleau (1814)
10587:Louis-Nicolas Davout
9508:Invasion of Portugal
8366:Sten Sture the Elder
8349:Sten Sture the Elder
8248:House of Wittelsbach
7431:Haakon IV Haakonsson
7332:Magnus II Haraldsson
7219:monarchs in brackets
6926:King Carl XVI Gustaf
6859:King Gustaf VI Adolf
6740:King Gustav IV Adolf
6698:King Adolf Frederick
6602:King Gustav II Adolf
6337:King Carl XVI Gustaf
6156:King Gustaf VI Adolf
5751:Edmond Dubois-Crancé
5704:Prince of Pontecorvo
5635:Charles XIV/III John
5608:"Marshal Bernadotte"
5603:at Wikimedia Commons
4705:4 April 2023 at the
4678:27 July 2020 at the
4380:Barton, pp. 110–131.
2759:Ulf Ivar Nilsson in
2608:Fictional portrayals
2556:Order of St. Patrick
2196:Royal Norwegian Navy
1660:Swedish Armed Forces
1375:Eugen of Württemberg
1313:Prince of Pontecorvo
1301:Battle of Austerlitz
1251:Gottingen University
1036:Battle of Theiningen
963:Sergeant Belle-Jambe
747:Prince of Pontecorvo
471:Swedish Armed Forces
367:Jeanne de Saint-Jean
136:Prince of Pontecorvo
15173:House of Bernadotte
15096:Magne Frode Nygaard
14924:Paul von Hindenburg
14764:National Convention
14567:Claude Louis Petiet
14463:Louis-Jérôme Gohier
14196:Mary Wollstonecraft
13974:Jean Sylvain Bailly
13761:Pierre Louis Prieur
13706:Jean-Henri Voulland
13681:Jacques-Louis David
13613:Jean Joseph Mounier
13314:Jean Sylvain Bailly
12952:Belgrand de Vaubois
12840:Jean-Antoine Marbot
12780:Emmanuel de Grouchy
12585:Treaty of Lunéville
12224:Battle of Neresheim
12169:Siege of Luxembourg
12148:Siege of Luxembourg
12103:Battle of Tourcoing
12034:Siege of Bellegarde
11861:Coup of 18 Brumaire
11773:Council of Ancients
11548:National Convention
11540:September Massacres
11516:Brunswick Manifesto
11508:France declares war
11275:Assembly of Vizille
11059:Bourbon Restoration
10802:Maria I of Portugal
10787:Prince of Hohenlohe
10777:Gebhard von Blücher
9720:Neumarkt-Sankt Veit
9027:Swiss Confederation
8720:First French Empire
8039:Sverker the Younger
7650:Christian Frederick
7463:Haakon VI Magnusson
7458:Magnus VII Ericsson
7404:Magnus V Erlingsson
7372:Magnus IV the Blind
7357:Eystein I Magnusson
7347:Magnus III Barefoot
7327:Harald III Hardrada
7249:Harald II Greycloak
6317:Princess Margaretha
6256:Prince Gustaf Adolf
6097:Princess Margaretha
5790:House of Bernadotte
5640:House of Bernadotte
5471:Bain, Robert Nisbet
5430:Revue Napoleonienne
5396:on 17 November 2015
5339:. pp. 283–286.
5152:Napoleon's Marshals
4988:Library of Congress
4753:, 1814, p. 9,
4404:, pp. 311–312.
4324:, pp. 101–108.
4252:, pp. 206–207.
4216:, pp. 185–186.
4135:, pp. 257–258.
4065:, pp. 288–289.
4026:, pp. 105–106.
3971:, pp. 245–246.
3905:(in Swedish). 1813.
3890:, pp. 268–278.
3782:, pp. 153–154.
3770:, pp. 139–147.
3758:, pp. 237–240.
3734:, pp. 225–229.
3722:, pp. 227–228.
3710:, pp. 223–225.
3698:, pp. 284–285.
3686:, pp. 216–217.
3674:, pp. 192–195.
3650:, pp. 192–193.
3638:Barton, pp. 194–196
3629:Barton, pp. 197–201
3620:, pp. 178–183.
3608:, pp. 140–141.
3566:, pp. 172–176.
3542:, pp. 136–137.
3530:, pp. 132–137.
3515:, pp. 198–199.
3500:, pp. 165–171.
3473:Napoleon's Marshals
3419:, pp. 137–139.
3359:, pp. 148–156.
3296:, pp. 108–109.
3284:, pp. 106–109.
3025:, pp. 110–114.
2823:, pp. 140–145.
2783:, pp. 249–271.
2543:Kingdom of Portugal
2477:Order of St. George
2450:Order of St. Andrew
2359:Order of St. Hubert
2215:Karlsborgs fästning
2183:The main street of
2168:Riddarholmen Church
2002:Stockholm Cathedral
1937:Christian Frederick
1735:Charles de Suremain
1604:Frederick Christian
1420:(25 January 1807).
1239:First French Empire
1192:Councillor of State
1121:Talleyrand-Périgord
1069:, the commander of
638:Councillor of State
239:, Kingdom of France
94:Stockholm Cathedral
15120:
15066:Jacob Hvinden Haug
14811:Recipients of the
14034:Loménie de Brienne
14009:Madame de Lamballe
13944:Napoléon Bonaparte
13741:Prieur de la Marne
13656:Camille Desmoulins
13510:Marie Jean Hérault
13386:Jean-Sifrein Maury
13381:Arnaud de La Porte
13237:Alexander Korsakov
13023:Count of Clerfayt
12942:Jean-de-Dieu Soult
12855:Auguste de Marmont
12710:Napoléon Bonaparte
12601:Algeciras campaign
12593:Treaty of Florence
12471:Battle of Stockach
12304:Ireland expedition
12288:Battle of Calliano
12248:Battle of Rovereto
12240:Battle of Würzburg
11692:Law of 22 Prairial
11661:Anti-clerical laws
11636:The Death of Marat
11457:Flight to Varennes
11074:Continental System
11069:Congress of Erfurt
10993:Paris (March 1812)
10767:Peter Wittgenstein
10692:Duke of Wellington
10647:Prince Poniatowski
10612:Jean-de-Dieu Soult
10597:Auguste de Marmont
9992:Arroyo dos Molinos
9840:Walcheren Campaign
9830:Armistice of Znaim
9725:Dalmatian Campaign
9650:Tyrolean Rebellion
8397:House of Oldenburg
8359:House of Oldenburg
8332:Erik Axelsson Tott
8294:House of Oldenburg
8284:Erik Axelsson Tott
8196:House of Estridsen
8010:House of Estridsen
8000:Eric "IX" the Holy
7954:House of Estridsen
7945:Ragnvald Knaphövde
7820:Monarchs of Sweden
7468:Olaf IV Haakonsson
7453:Haakon V Magnusson
7420:Guttorm Sigurdsson
7342:Haakon Toresfostre
6413:Children's spouses
6404:Princess Madeleine
6399:Prince Carl Philip
6332:Princess Christina
6287:Children's spouses
6178:Children's spouses
6138:Gustaf V of Sweden
6067:Children's spouses
5930:Children's spouses
5847:Children's spouses
5726:Political offices
5715:Title next held by
5225:Palgrave Macmillan
5006:The New York Times
4684:sok.riksarkivet.se
4344:www.britannica.com
3999:www.britannica.com
3809:www.britannica.com
3383:, pp. 694–97.
3371:, pp. 86–104.
3010:, pp. 98–101.
2795:, pp. 53–57;
2646:Vive la république
2622:Le Camarade de lit
2368:Kingdom of Prussia
2355:Kingdom of Bavaria
2299:Order of the Sword
2289:Order of the Sword
2230:Caserne Bernadotte
2207:Karlsborg Fortress
2155:
2143:
2080:
2060:
2049:Swedish neutrality
2017:
2005:
1994:
1981:
1944:Norway to enter a
1904:and joined in the
1816:and the island of
1778:Continental System
1753:became his lover.
1706:
1636:Swedish government
1580:
1535:Walcheren Campaign
1514:Archduke Charles's
1465:Spanish contingent
1429:
1262:Auguste de Marmont
1235:
1148:
1135:over the embassy.
1059:Napoleon Bonaparte
1048:Battle of Würzburg
1012:counter-attacked.
994:
981:Revolutionary Wars
884:
676:Bernadotte dynasty
53:Charles XIV John,
15248:French Freemasons
15188:Swedish Lutherans
15183:Regents of Norway
15178:Regents of Sweden
15125:
15124:
14972:
14971:
14919:Kaiser Wilhelm II
14778:
14777:
14754:
14753:
14724:Navy and Colonies
14669:Jean-Pierre Duval
14359:
14358:
14355:
14354:
14233:Cockade of France
14204:
14203:
14166:Antoine Lavoisier
14156:Benjamin Franklin
14136:Anacharsis Cloots
14099:
14098:
14095:
14094:
14019:Louis de Breteuil
13861:Theophile Leclerc
13289:
13288:
13285:
13284:
13242:Alexander Suvorov
12983:
12982:
12917:Józef Poniatowski
12835:Étienne Macdonald
12639:
12638:
12540:Battle of Marengo
12503:Battle of Trebbia
12487:Battle of Cassano
12479:Battle of Magnano
12463:Battle of Ostrach
12365:Battle of Neuwied
12127:Battle of Fleurus
12111:Battle of Tournay
11988:War in the Vendée
11924:Royalist Revolts
11885:
11884:
11442:
11418:Abolition of the
11336:Tennis Court Oath
11328:National Assembly
11157:French Revolution
11123:
11122:
11119:
11118:
11111:Types of military
10907:Russo-Turkish War
10902:Russo-Persian War
10870:Anglo-Turkish War
10865:Anglo-Swedish War
10860:Anglo-Spanish War
10855:Anglo-Russian War
10782:Duke of Brunswick
10685:political leaders
10565:political leaders
10549:
10548:
9554:Medina de Rioseco
9276:Haslach-Jungingen
9210:French Revolution
9187:
9186:
8970:Seventh Coalition
8882:
8881:
8770:Gouvion Saint-Cyr
8682:
8681:
8658:Norwegian monarch
8653:Lineage uncertain
8645:
8644:
8586:
8585:
8537:
8536:
8472:
8471:
8413:
8412:
8231:House of Griffins
8214:House of Griffins
8204:House of Griffins
8163:
8162:
8134:
8133:
8076:
8075:
8015:
7994:Sverker the Elder
7967:
7966:
7959:
7883:c. 1060 – c. 1130
7869:
7868:
7786:
7785:
7753:
7752:
7710:
7709:
7663:Union with Sweden
7657:
7656:
7624:
7623:
7541:
7540:
7476:
7475:
7448:Eric II Magnusson
7409:Sverre Sigurdsson
7393:Magnus Haraldsson
7382:Inge I Haraldsson
7322:Magnus I the Good
7291:Olaf II the Saint
7279:Eiríkr Hákonarson
7267:Olaf I Tryggvason
7261:Haakon Sigurdsson
7244:Haakon I the Good
7234:Harald I Fairhair
7220:
7161:
7160:
6992:
6991:
6719:King Charles XIII
6481:
6480:
6460:
6459:
6456:
6455:
6365:
6364:
6361:
6360:
6322:Princess Birgitta
6277:Prince Carl Johan
6227:
6226:
6223:
6222:
6127:
6126:
6123:
6122:
6080:Princess Ingeborg
6010:
6009:
6006:
6005:
5997:Prince Carl Oscar
5962:
5961:
5958:
5957:
5867:
5866:
5863:
5862:
5757:
5756:
5748:Succeeded by
5687:Succeeded by
5599:Media related to
5571:Jean-Marc Olivier
5537:Barton, Dunbar B.
5309:978-0-7195-4703-4
5253:978-1-84884-468-1
5234:978-1-137-45547-5
5098:978-91-977312-2-5
5043:978-0-593-12818-3
4497:www.kongehuset.no
4467:www.kongehuset.no
4428:, pp. 61–62.
4416:, pp. 17–19.
4300:, pp. 33–38.
4288:, pp. 53–58.
4195:, pp. 32–33.
4147:, pp. 40–41.
3248:, pp. 93–95.
3192:, pp. 14–19.
3144:, pp. 60–61.
3108:, pp. 42–43.
2998:, pp. 92–94.
2986:, pp. 76–77.
2769:978-91-552-3572-7
2671:Annemarie Selinko
2605:
2604:
2563:Arms and monogram
2470:Order of St. Anna
2418:Kingdom of Saxony
2013:Nidaros Cathedral
1957:Benjamin Constant
1906:Battle of Leipzig
1871:Truce of Pläswitz
1861:(2 May 1813) and
1814:Swedish Pomerania
1711:Roman Catholicism
1528:Battle of Leipzig
1275:Bernadotte, with
1216:Sale of Louisiana
1201:Battle of Marengo
998:French Revolution
991:French Revolution
900:Kingdom of France
853:union with Sweden
798:Swedish Pomerania
723:brigadier general
719:French Revolution
715:French Royal Army
700:Marshal of France
653:
652:
437:Kingdom of Sweden
417:Kingdom of France
334:
333:
309:Oscar I of Sweden
271:Riddarholm Church
104:Nidaros Cathedral
100:7 September 1818
16:(Redirected from
15335:
15313:Charles XIV John
15228:Swedish adoptees
14999:
14992:
14985:
14976:
14975:
14948:1939 Grand Cross
14929:Erich Ludendorff
14912:1914 Grand Cross
14898:Kaiser Wilhelm I
14856:1870 Grand Cross
14820:1813 Grand Cross
14805:
14798:
14791:
14782:
14781:
14770:French Consulate
14490:
14489:
14480:
14393:French Directory
14386:
14379:
14372:
14363:
14362:
14313:
14301:Temple of Reason
14272:
14248:
14229:
14210:
14209:
14161:Thomas Jefferson
14105:
14104:
14024:de Chateaubriand
13954:Joseph Bonaparte
13949:Lucien Bonaparte
13939:Marie Antoinette
13894:
13893:
13881:Sylvain Maréchal
13836:François Hanriot
13671:Louis Philippe I
13598:Louis Philippe I
13593:Philippe Égalité
13535:Olympe de Gouges
13505:Charlotte Corday
13495:Étienne Clavière
13295:
13294:
13277:Antonio Ricardos
13262:
13261:
13247:Andrei Rosenberg
13227:
13226:
13197:
13196:
13172:
13171:
13142:Ralph Abercromby
13129:
13128:
13104:
13081:
13068:
13060:
13052:
13039:
13026:
13003:
13002:
12994:
12993:
12898:
12845:Marcellin Marbot
12668:
12667:
12661:
12660:
12649:Military leaders
12645:
12644:
12632:
12624:
12620:Treaty of Amiens
12605:
12597:
12589:
12568:
12560:
12552:
12544:
12523:
12522:(25–26 Sep 1799)
12515:
12507:
12506:(17–20 Jun 1799)
12499:
12491:
12490:(27–28 Apr 1799)
12483:
12475:
12467:
12466:(20–21 Mar 1799)
12459:
12451:
12447:Second Coalition
12430:
12422:
12414:
12406:
12398:
12377:
12369:
12361:
12357:Treaty of Leoben
12353:
12345:
12344:(14–15 Jan 1797)
12341:Battle of Rivoli
12337:
12329:
12325:Italian campaign
12308:
12300:
12299:(15–17 Nov 1796)
12296:Battle of Arcole
12292:
12284:
12276:
12268:
12260:
12252:
12244:
12236:
12232:Battle of Amberg
12228:
12215:
12207:
12203:Battle of Lonato
12199:
12195:Italian campaign
12173:
12152:
12144:
12131:
12123:
12115:
12107:
12099:
12090:
12069:
12068:(26–27 Dec 1793)
12056:
12048:
12010:
12002:
11998:Battle of Famars
11966:
11891:
11890:
11873:
11865:
11857:
11838:
11819:
11811:
11792:
11784:
11764:
11756:
11748:
11729:
11721:
11713:
11704:
11696:
11688:
11665:
11657:
11649:
11641:
11631:
11623:
11615:
11595:
11587:
11579:
11560:
11552:
11544:
11536:
11528:
11520:
11512:
11493:
11485:
11477:
11469:
11461:
11460:(20–21 Jun 1791)
11440:
11432:
11424:
11415:
11396:
11388:
11380:
11372:
11364:
11356:
11348:
11340:
11332:
11324:
11316:
11308:
11300:
11279:
11271:
11267:Day of the Tiles
11250:
11249:
11150:
11143:
11136:
11127:
11126:
10887:Dano-Swedish War
10875:Anglo-Danish War
10727:Archduke Charles
10642:Jérôme Bonaparte
10558:
10557:
10491:Castel di Sangro
10400:Fère-Champenoise
10053:García Hernández
9967:Fuentes de Oñoro
9483:Guttstadt-Deppen
9220:Second Coalition
9198:
9197:
9179:French Royalists
8986:
8985:
8935:Fourth Coalition
8909:
8902:
8895:
8886:
8885:
8877:
8732:
8709:
8702:
8695:
8686:
8685:
8607:Charles XIV John
8597:
8596:
8553:
8552:
8543:Holstein-Gottorp
8507:Charles X Gustav
8497:
8496:
8493:
8424:
8423:
8182:
8181:
8145:
8144:
8087:
8086:
8013:
7984:
7983:
7957:
7940:Inge the Younger
7880:
7879:
7838:
7833:
7832:
7813:
7806:
7799:
7790:
7789:
7727:
7726:
7688:Charles III John
7674:
7673:
7641:
7640:
7558:
7557:
7493:
7492:
7437:Haakon the Young
7426:Inge II Bårdsson
7285:Sweyn Haakonsson
7255:Harald Bluetooth
7224:
7223:
7210:
7188:
7181:
7174:
7165:
7164:
7146:
7019:
7012:
7005:
6996:
6995:
6682:King Frederick I
6677:King Charles XII
6587:King Sigismund I
6537:Holstein-Gottorp
6508:
6501:
6494:
6485:
6484:
6443:Princess Estelle
6384:
6383:
6371:
6370:
6327:Princess Désirée
6294:Princess Sibylla
6246:
6245:
6233:
6232:
6146:
6145:
6133:
6132:
6029:
6028:
6016:
6015:
5981:
5980:
5968:
5967:
5949:Princess Therese
5914:Princess Eugenie
5886:
5885:
5873:
5872:
5811:
5810:
5798:
5797:
5783:
5776:
5769:
5760:
5759:
5731:Preceded by
5666:Preceded by
5656:
5649:
5631:
5630:
5627:
5619:
5611:
5598:
5510:
5502:
5488:
5463:
5461:
5460:
5446:
5437:
5424:
5405:
5403:
5401:
5395:
5389:. Archived from
5384:
5380:"Karl XIV Johan"
5378:Sjostrom, Olof.
5372:
5359:
5340:
5331:
5322:
5313:
5294:
5285:
5276:
5257:
5238:
5215:
5196:
5187:
5168:
5155:
5146:
5137:
5128:
5119:
5108:
5085:
5076:
5048:
5047:
5029:
5023:
5022:
5020:
5018:
5013:on 15 April 2008
4997:
4991:
4985:
4979:
4978:
4965:Beethoven Essays
4960:
4954:
4953:
4933:
4927:
4926:
4906:
4900:
4899:
4879:
4873:
4872:
4865:
4859:
4857:
4855:
4853:
4834:
4828:
4801:
4795:
4794:
4792:
4790:
4772:
4766:
4765:
4764:
4762:
4743:
4737:
4736:
4727:
4721:
4715:
4709:
4693:
4687:
4682:" (in Swedish).
4669:
4663:
4647:
4641:
4625:
4619:
4618:
4607:
4578:
4577:
4575:
4573:
4554:
4548:
4545:
4539:
4534:
4528:
4522:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4508:
4499:(in Norwegian).
4489:
4483:
4482:
4480:
4478:
4469:(in Norwegian).
4459:
4453:
4447:
4441:
4440:, pp. 7–12.
4435:
4429:
4423:
4417:
4411:
4405:
4399:
4393:
4387:
4381:
4378:
4372:
4369:Hårdstedt (2016)
4366:
4360:
4359:
4357:
4355:
4336:
4325:
4319:
4313:
4307:
4301:
4295:
4289:
4283:
4277:
4271:
4265:
4262:Griffiths (2004)
4259:
4253:
4247:
4241:
4235:
4229:
4223:
4217:
4211:
4205:
4202:
4196:
4190:
4184:
4178:
4172:
4166:
4160:
4154:
4148:
4142:
4136:
4130:
4124:
4118:
4112:
4106:
4100:
4093:
4087:
4084:
4078:
4075:
4066:
4060:
4051:
4048:
4039:
4033:
4027:
4021:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4010:
3991:
3972:
3966:
3960:
3954:
3948:
3947:
3945:
3943:
3928:
3919:
3913:
3907:
3906:
3897:
3891:
3885:
3879:
3873:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3859:
3836:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3820:
3801:
3795:
3789:
3783:
3777:
3771:
3765:
3759:
3753:
3747:
3741:
3735:
3729:
3723:
3717:
3711:
3705:
3699:
3693:
3687:
3681:
3675:
3669:
3663:
3657:
3651:
3645:
3639:
3636:
3630:
3627:
3621:
3615:
3609:
3603:
3597:
3591:
3582:
3576:
3567:
3561:
3555:
3549:
3543:
3537:
3531:
3525:
3516:
3510:
3501:
3495:
3489:
3483:
3477:
3476:
3468:
3462:
3456:
3447:
3441:
3435:
3429:
3420:
3414:
3408:
3402:
3396:
3390:
3384:
3378:
3372:
3366:
3360:
3354:
3345:
3339:
3306:
3303:
3297:
3291:
3285:
3279:
3273:
3270:
3264:
3263:
3255:
3249:
3243:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3208:
3199:
3193:
3187:
3181:
3175:
3169:
3163:
3157:
3151:
3145:
3139:
3133:
3127:
3121:
3115:
3109:
3103:
3097:
3091:
3085:
3079:
3073:
3067:
3026:
3020:
3011:
3005:
2999:
2993:
2987:
2981:
2975:
2969:
2963:
2957:
2951:
2945:
2939:
2933:
2927:
2921:
2915:
2914:, pp. 8–13.
2909:
2903:
2897:
2891:
2885:
2879:
2873:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2839:The Local Sweden
2830:
2824:
2818:
2812:
2806:
2800:
2790:
2784:
2778:
2772:
2757:
2690:as Désirée, and
2648:
2642:
2636:
2630:
2624:
2617:Ferdinand Langlé
2597:
2586:
2574:
2567:
2566:
2554:: Knight of the
2510:2 September 1822
2407:: Knight of the
2357:: Knight of the
2266:Kingdom of Italy
2257:Legion of Honour
2238:
2189:Karl Johans gate
2108:Karl Johans gate
2045:Near East Crisis
2038:
1965:House of Bourbon
1867:Trachenberg Plan
1851:Treaty of Kalisz
1831:Treaty of Örebro
1728:
1629:Karl Otto Mörner
1621:viceroy in Italy
1602:, Danish Prince
1500:Battle of Wagram
1188:of November 1799
1156:Joseph Bonaparte
1040:Archduke Charles
861:conflict and war
857:1905 dissolution
833:a brief campaign
821:Trachenberg Plan
804:by allying with
782:Carl Otto Mörner
770:heir-presumptive
759:Joseph Bonaparte
680:Charles III John
656:Charles XIV John
505:Army of the West
497:Hanseatic Cities
495:Governor of the
396:
354:Henri Bernadotte
316:
315:
296:
294:
250:
233:
231:
196:
184:
175:
107:
97:
59:
56:
51:
42:Charles XIV John
39:
38:
21:
15343:
15342:
15338:
15337:
15336:
15334:
15333:
15332:
15128:
15127:
15126:
15121:
15110:
15012:
15003:
14973:
14968:
14959:
14943:
14907:
14851:
14815:
14809:
14779:
14774:
14750:
14719:
14695:Pierre Bénézech
14683:
14659:Nicolas Dondeau
14632:
14596:
14550:
14514:
14493:Foreign Affairs
14481:
14472:
14396:
14390:
14360:
14351:
14226:La Marseillaise
14215:
14214:Cultural impact
14200:
14110:
14091:
14058:
14014:Madame du Barry
14004:Catherine Théot
13994:Thérésa Tallien
13885:
13876:Gracchus Babeuf
13821:François Chabot
13778:
13770:
13691:Georges Couthon
13686:Marquis de Sade
13651:Jean-Paul Marat
13627:
13583:Bertrand Barère
13549:
13460:
13441:Boissy d'Anglas
13436:Madame de Staël
13401:Antoine Barnave
13369:
13362:
13353:
13300:
13281:
13256:
13251:
13221:
13216:
13191:
13186:
13166:
13161:
13123:
13118:
13102:
13079:
13066:
13058:
13050:
13037:
13024:
13013:József Alvinczi
12997:
12979:
12961:
12902:Nicolas Oudinot
12892:
12825:Claude Lecourbe
12820:Charles Leclerc
12715:Guillaume Brune
12685:Pierre Augereau
12655:
12650:
12635:
12630:
12628:Treaty of Paris
12622:
12608:
12603:
12595:
12587:
12571:
12566:
12558:
12550:
12542:
12526:
12521:
12513:
12505:
12497:
12489:
12481:
12473:
12465:
12457:
12449:
12433:
12428:
12420:
12412:
12404:
12396:
12380:
12375:
12367:
12359:
12351:
12343:
12335:
12327:
12311:
12306:
12298:
12290:
12282:
12274:
12266:
12258:
12250:
12242:
12234:
12226:
12213:
12205:
12197:
12181:
12171:
12155:
12150:
12142:
12129:
12121:
12113:
12105:
12097:
12088:
12072:
12067:
12054:
12046:
12044:Siege of Toulon
12008:
12000:
11983:First Coalition
11969:
11960:
11896:
11881:
11871:
11863:
11855:
11841:
11836:
11822:
11817:
11809:
11795:
11790:
11782:
11762:
11754:
11746:
11732:
11727:
11719:
11711:
11702:
11694:
11686:
11668:
11663:
11655:
11647:
11645:Law of Suspects
11639:
11629:
11621:
11613:
11593:
11591:Reign of Terror
11585:
11577:
11563:
11558:
11550:
11542:
11534:
11526:
11518:
11510:
11496:
11491:
11483:
11475:
11467:
11459:
11445:
11430:
11422:
11413:
11399:
11394:
11386:
11378:
11371:(4–11 Aug 1789)
11370:
11362:
11354:
11346:
11338:
11330:
11322:
11314:
11306:
11304:Réveillon riots
11298:
11282:
11277:
11269:
11255:
11244:
11159:
11154:
11124:
11115:
11042:
10926:
10847:
10841:
10797:Miguel de Álava
10762:Pyotr Bagration
10757:Count Bennigsen
10747:Mikhail Kutuzov
10712:Thomas Cochrane
10684:
10682:
10676:
10637:Louis Bonaparte
10564:
10562:
10561:French and ally
10545:
10429:
10345:Château-Thierry
10308:
10172:
10143:Maloyaroslavets
10001:
9915:
9869:
9660:Yevenes/Yébenes
9618:
9534:Rosily Squadron
9512:
9436:
9402:Waren-Nossentin
9330:
9261:Cape Finisterre
9244:
9215:First Coalition
9193:
9183:
9090:
9083:
8994:
8990:
8981:
8975:
8963:Sixth Coalition
8949:Fifth Coalition
8928:Third Coalition
8918:
8916:Napoleonic Wars
8913:
8883:
8878:
8869:
8733:
8722:
8713:
8683:
8678:
8641:
8637:Carl XVI Gustaf
8632:Gustaf VI Adolf
8582:
8573:Gustav IV Adolf
8563:Adolf Frederick
8533:
8522:Ulrika Eleonora
8487:
8486:
8479:
8468:
8459:Gustav II Adolf
8409:
8178:
8176:
8159:
8130:
8072:
7963:
7884:
7865:
7851:Olof Skötkonung
7822:
7817:
7787:
7782:
7778:Swedish monarch
7772:English monarch
7749:
7725:
7706:
7672:
7653:
7639:
7620:
7556:
7537:
7491:
7472:
7367:Harald IV Gille
7303:Haakon Ericsson
7273:Sweyn Forkbeard
7239:Eric I Bloodaxe
7218:
7212:
7209:
7208:
7200:
7192:
7162:
7157:
7147:
7138:
7028:
7023:
6993:
6988:
6984:
6980:
6976:
6967:
6956:16th generation
6951:
6935:15th generation
6930:
6919:14th generation
6914:
6883:13th generation
6878:
6852:12th generation
6847:
6816:11th generation
6811:
6792:King Charles XV
6785:10th generation
6780:
6759:
6728:
6714:King Gustav III
6702:
6686:
6665:
6661:King Charles XI
6649:
6613:
6575:
6571:King Charles IX
6544:
6517:
6515:Swedish princes
6512:
6482:
6477:
6473:
6469:
6452:
6431:
6408:
6378:
6357:
6341:
6305:
6300:Princess Lilian
6282:
6267:Princess Ingrid
6240:
6219:
6202:
6173:
6140:
6119:
6109:Princess Astrid
6103:Princess Märtha
6085:
6062:
6023:
6002:
5991:Princess Louise
5975:
5954:
5925:
5880:
5859:
5854:Queen Josephine
5842:
5825:
5805:
5792:
5787:
5753:
5744:
5736:
5734:Louis de Mureau
5716:
5707:
5692:
5683:
5671:
5669:Charles XIII/II
5650:
5648:26 January 1763
5644:
5643:
5636:
5614:
5606:
5591:
5517:
5515:Further reading
5458:
5456:
5436:(1903): 68–152.
5421:
5399:
5397:
5393:
5382:
5356:
5310:
5273:
5254:
5235:
5212:
5184:
5073:
5057:
5052:
5051:
5044:
5030:
5026:
5016:
5014:
4999:
4998:
4994:
4986:
4982:
4975:
4961:
4957:
4950:
4934:
4930:
4923:
4907:
4903:
4896:
4880:
4876:
4867:
4866:
4862:
4851:
4849:
4836:
4835:
4831:
4826:Wayback Machine
4815:Wayback Machine
4802:
4798:
4788:
4786:
4774:
4773:
4769:
4760:
4758:
4745:
4744:
4740:
4729:
4728:
4724:
4716:
4712:
4707:Wayback Machine
4694:
4690:
4680:Wayback Machine
4670:
4666:
4657:Wayback Machine
4648:
4644:
4635:Wayback Machine
4626:
4622:
4608:
4581:
4571:
4569:
4556:
4555:
4551:
4546:
4542:
4535:
4531:
4523:
4516:
4506:
4504:
4491:
4490:
4486:
4476:
4474:
4461:
4460:
4456:
4448:
4444:
4438:Wahlbäck (1986)
4436:
4432:
4424:
4420:
4412:
4408:
4402:Meredith (1829)
4400:
4396:
4388:
4384:
4379:
4375:
4367:
4363:
4353:
4351:
4338:
4337:
4328:
4320:
4316:
4308:
4304:
4296:
4292:
4284:
4280:
4272:
4268:
4260:
4256:
4248:
4244:
4236:
4232:
4224:
4220:
4212:
4208:
4203:
4199:
4191:
4187:
4179:
4175:
4167:
4163:
4155:
4151:
4143:
4139:
4131:
4127:
4119:
4115:
4107:
4103:
4094:
4090:
4085:
4081:
4076:
4069:
4061:
4054:
4049:
4042:
4034:
4030:
4024:Meredith (1829)
4022:
4018:
4008:
4006:
3993:
3992:
3975:
3967:
3963:
3955:
3951:
3941:
3939:
3930:
3929:
3922:
3918:, pp. 4–6.
3914:
3910:
3899:
3898:
3894:
3886:
3882:
3874:
3867:
3857:
3855:
3853:
3837:
3828:
3818:
3816:
3803:
3802:
3798:
3790:
3786:
3778:
3774:
3766:
3762:
3754:
3750:
3742:
3738:
3730:
3726:
3718:
3714:
3706:
3702:
3694:
3690:
3682:
3678:
3670:
3666:
3658:
3654:
3646:
3642:
3637:
3633:
3628:
3624:
3616:
3612:
3604:
3600:
3592:
3585:
3579:Chandler (1987)
3577:
3570:
3562:
3558:
3550:
3546:
3538:
3534:
3526:
3519:
3511:
3504:
3496:
3492:
3484:
3480:
3469:
3465:
3457:
3450:
3442:
3438:
3430:
3423:
3415:
3411:
3403:
3399:
3391:
3387:
3379:
3375:
3367:
3363:
3355:
3348:
3340:
3309:
3304:
3300:
3292:
3288:
3280:
3276:
3271:
3267:
3256:
3252:
3244:
3240:
3230:
3228:
3221:
3206:
3200:
3196:
3188:
3184:
3176:
3172:
3164:
3160:
3152:
3148:
3140:
3136:
3128:
3124:
3116:
3112:
3104:
3100:
3092:
3088:
3080:
3076:
3068:
3029:
3021:
3014:
3006:
3002:
2994:
2990:
2982:
2978:
2970:
2966:
2958:
2954:
2946:
2942:
2934:
2930:
2922:
2918:
2910:
2906:
2898:
2894:
2886:
2882:
2874:
2853:
2843:
2841:
2831:
2827:
2819:
2815:
2807:
2803:
2791:
2787:
2781:Cronholm (1902)
2779:
2775:
2758:
2754:
2749:
2731:Napoleonic Wars
2717:
2694:as Bernadotte.
2634:Mort aux tyrans
2610:
2600:
2598:
2589:
2587:
2575:
2565:
2560:
2488:Austrian Empire
2413:15 October 1808
2350:
2342:Lord and Master
2323:28 January 1813
2261:2 February 1805
2249:
2232:
2180:
2149:Charles John's
2135:
2040:
2036:
1990:Ladugårdsgärdet
1973:
1961:Madame de Staël
1941:The ensuing war
1939:to the throne.
1835:Sixth Coalition
1751:Mariana Koskull
1749:, whose cousin
1730:
1726:
1695:
1689:
1665:Gustav IV Adolf
1578:erected in 1846
1568:
1461:Hanseatic towns
1457:Peace of Tilsit
1442:Battle of Eylau
1232:François Kinson
1224:
983:
935:
872:
802:Sixth Coalition
763:Imperial family
757:was married to
745:, and was made
727:Minister of War
696:Napoleonic Wars
645:
631:Other work
626:
560:
551:Napoleonic Wars
534:
519:Army of Antwerp
446:
427:French Republic
405:Military career
378:
355:
298:
295: 1798)
290:
286:
273:
268:
252:
248:
235:
234:26 January 1763
229:
227:
226:
225:Jean Bernadotte
194:
182:
176:
171:
110:
101:
91:
60:
57:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
15341:
15331:
15330:
15325:
15320:
15315:
15310:
15305:
15300:
15295:
15290:
15285:
15280:
15275:
15270:
15265:
15260:
15255:
15250:
15245:
15240:
15235:
15230:
15225:
15220:
15215:
15213:Occitan people
15210:
15205:
15200:
15195:
15190:
15185:
15180:
15175:
15170:
15165:
15160:
15155:
15150:
15148:Adult adoptees
15145:
15140:
15123:
15122:
15113:
15111:
15109:
15108:
15103:
15098:
15093:
15088:
15083:
15078:
15073:
15068:
15063:
15058:
15053:
15048:
15043:
15038:
15033:
15028:
15023:
15017:
15014:
15013:
15002:
15001:
14994:
14987:
14979:
14970:
14969:
14964:
14961:
14960:
14958:
14957:
14955:Hermann Göring
14951:
14949:
14945:
14944:
14942:
14941:
14936:
14931:
14926:
14921:
14915:
14913:
14909:
14908:
14906:
14905:
14900:
14895:
14890:
14885:
14880:
14875:
14870:
14865:
14859:
14857:
14853:
14852:
14850:
14849:
14844:
14839:
14834:
14829:
14823:
14821:
14817:
14816:
14808:
14807:
14800:
14793:
14785:
14776:
14775:
14773:
14772:
14766:
14759:
14756:
14755:
14752:
14751:
14749:
14748:
14743:
14738:
14733:
14727:
14725:
14721:
14720:
14718:
14717:
14712:
14707:
14702:
14697:
14691:
14689:
14685:
14684:
14682:
14681:
14676:
14671:
14666:
14661:
14656:
14651:
14646:
14640:
14638:
14634:
14633:
14631:
14630:
14625:
14620:
14615:
14610:
14604:
14602:
14598:
14597:
14595:
14594:
14589:
14584:
14579:
14574:
14569:
14564:
14558:
14556:
14552:
14551:
14549:
14548:
14543:
14538:
14533:
14528:
14522:
14520:
14516:
14515:
14513:
14512:
14507:
14502:
14496:
14494:
14487:
14483:
14482:
14475:
14473:
14471:
14470:
14465:
14460:
14455:
14450:
14445:
14440:
14435:
14430:
14425:
14420:
14415:
14410:
14404:
14402:
14398:
14397:
14389:
14388:
14381:
14374:
14366:
14357:
14356:
14353:
14352:
14350:
14349:
14344:
14339:
14334:
14329:
14324:
14319:
14314:
14305:
14304:
14303:
14296:Cult of Reason
14293:
14288:
14283:
14278:
14273:
14264:
14259:
14254:
14249:
14240:
14238:Flag of France
14235:
14230:
14220:
14217:
14216:
14206:
14205:
14202:
14201:
14199:
14198:
14193:
14188:
14183:
14178:
14173:
14168:
14163:
14158:
14153:
14148:
14143:
14138:
14133:
14128:
14123:
14115:
14112:
14111:
14101:
14100:
14097:
14096:
14093:
14092:
14090:
14089:
14084:
14083:
14082:
14077:
14066:
14064:
14060:
14059:
14057:
14056:
14051:
14046:
14044:Jacques Necker
14041:
14036:
14031:
14026:
14021:
14016:
14011:
14006:
14001:
13996:
13991:
13986:
13981:
13976:
13971:
13966:
13961:
13956:
13951:
13946:
13941:
13936:
13931:
13926:
13921:
13916:
13911:
13906:
13900:
13898:
13891:
13887:
13886:
13884:
13883:
13878:
13873:
13868:
13866:Claire Lacombe
13863:
13858:
13853:
13848:
13843:
13838:
13833:
13828:
13823:
13818:
13813:
13808:
13803:
13798:
13793:
13791:Jacques Hébert
13787:
13785:
13772:
13771:
13769:
13768:
13763:
13758:
13753:
13748:
13743:
13738:
13733:
13728:
13723:
13718:
13713:
13708:
13703:
13698:
13693:
13688:
13683:
13678:
13673:
13668:
13663:
13658:
13653:
13648:
13646:Georges Danton
13643:
13637:
13635:
13629:
13628:
13626:
13625:
13620:
13615:
13610:
13605:
13600:
13595:
13590:
13585:
13580:
13575:
13570:
13565:
13559:
13557:
13551:
13550:
13548:
13547:
13542:
13537:
13532:
13527:
13522:
13517:
13512:
13507:
13502:
13497:
13492:
13490:Henri Grégoire
13486:
13481:
13476:
13470:
13468:
13462:
13461:
13459:
13458:
13453:
13448:
13443:
13438:
13433:
13431:Camille Jordan
13428:
13423:
13418:
13413:
13408:
13403:
13398:
13393:
13388:
13383:
13378:
13372:
13370:
13358:
13355:
13354:
13352:
13351:
13346:
13341:
13336:
13331:
13326:
13321:
13316:
13310:
13308:
13302:
13301:
13291:
13290:
13287:
13286:
13283:
13282:
13280:
13279:
13274:
13268:
13266:
13253:
13252:
13250:
13249:
13244:
13239:
13233:
13231:
13218:
13217:
13215:
13214:
13209:
13203:
13201:
13188:
13187:
13185:
13184:
13178:
13176:
13163:
13162:
13160:
13159:
13154:
13149:
13144:
13135:
13133:
13120:
13119:
13117:
13116:
13111:
13106:
13098:
13093:
13088:
13083:
13075:
13070:
13062:
13054:
13046:
13041:
13033:
13028:
13020:
13015:
13009:
13007:
12991:
12985:
12984:
12981:
12980:
12978:
12977:
12971:
12969:
12963:
12962:
12960:
12959:
12954:
12949:
12944:
12939:
12934:
12929:
12924:
12919:
12914:
12909:
12904:
12899:
12887:
12882:
12877:
12872:
12867:
12862:
12857:
12852:
12847:
12842:
12837:
12832:
12827:
12822:
12817:
12812:
12807:
12802:
12797:
12792:
12787:
12782:
12777:
12772:
12767:
12762:
12757:
12752:
12747:
12742:
12737:
12732:
12727:
12722:
12717:
12712:
12707:
12702:
12697:
12692:
12687:
12682:
12676:
12674:
12665:
12652:
12651:
12641:
12640:
12637:
12636:
12634:
12633:
12625:
12616:
12614:
12610:
12609:
12607:
12606:
12598:
12590:
12581:
12579:
12573:
12572:
12570:
12569:
12561:
12553:
12545:
12536:
12534:
12528:
12527:
12525:
12524:
12516:
12511:Battle of Novi
12508:
12500:
12498:(4–7 Jun 1799)
12492:
12484:
12476:
12468:
12460:
12452:
12443:
12441:
12435:
12434:
12432:
12431:
12423:
12415:
12407:
12399:
12390:
12388:
12382:
12381:
12379:
12378:
12370:
12362:
12354:
12346:
12338:
12330:
12321:
12319:
12313:
12312:
12310:
12309:
12301:
12293:
12291:(6–7 Nov 1796)
12285:
12277:
12269:
12261:
12253:
12245:
12237:
12229:
12221:
12216:
12208:
12206:(3–4 Aug 1796)
12200:
12191:
12189:
12183:
12182:
12180:
12179:
12177:Peace of Basel
12174:
12165:
12163:
12157:
12156:
12154:
12153:
12145:
12137:
12132:
12124:
12116:
12108:
12100:
12091:
12082:
12080:
12074:
12073:
12071:
12070:
12062:
12057:
12049:
12041:
12036:
12031:
12026:
12021:
12019:Siege of Mainz
12016:
12011:
12003:
11995:
11990:
11985:
11979:
11977:
11971:
11970:
11968:
11967:
11955:
11950:
11948:Siege of Mainz
11945:
11940:
11939:
11938:
11935:
11930:
11922:
11917:
11912:
11906:
11904:
11898:
11897:
11887:
11886:
11883:
11882:
11880:
11879:
11874:
11866:
11858:
11849:
11847:
11843:
11842:
11840:
11839:
11830:
11828:
11824:
11823:
11821:
11820:
11812:
11803:
11801:
11797:
11796:
11794:
11793:
11785:
11780:13 Vendémiaire
11777:
11776:
11775:
11770:
11757:
11749:
11740:
11738:
11734:
11733:
11731:
11730:
11722:
11714:
11705:
11697:
11689:
11676:
11674:
11670:
11669:
11667:
11666:
11658:
11650:
11642:
11632:
11627:Levée en masse
11624:
11616:
11608:
11607:
11606:
11601:
11588:
11580:
11571:
11569:
11565:
11564:
11562:
11561:
11553:
11545:
11537:
11532:10th of August
11529:
11521:
11513:
11504:
11502:
11498:
11497:
11495:
11494:
11486:
11478:
11470:
11462:
11453:
11451:
11447:
11446:
11444:
11443:
11433:
11425:
11416:
11414:(Feb–Jul 1790)
11407:
11405:
11401:
11400:
11398:
11397:
11389:
11381:
11373:
11365:
11357:
11349:
11341:
11333:
11325:
11317:
11309:
11301:
11290:
11288:
11284:
11283:
11281:
11280:
11272:
11263:
11261:
11257:
11256:
11246:
11245:
11243:
11242:
11235:
11228:
11221:
11214:
11207:
11200:
11193:
11186:
11179:
11172:
11164:
11161:
11160:
11153:
11152:
11145:
11138:
11130:
11121:
11120:
11117:
11116:
11114:
11113:
11108:
11106:Longwood House
11103:
11102:
11101:
11091:
11086:
11081:
11076:
11071:
11066:
11061:
11056:
11050:
11048:
11044:
11043:
11041:
11040:
11035:
11030:
11025:
11020:
11015:
11010:
11005:
11000:
10995:
10990:
10985:
10980:
10975:
10970:
10965:
10960:
10955:
10950:
10945:
10940:
10934:
10932:
10928:
10927:
10925:
10924:
10919:
10914:
10909:
10904:
10899:
10894:
10889:
10884:
10883:
10882:
10872:
10867:
10862:
10857:
10851:
10849:
10843:
10842:
10840:
10839:
10834:
10829:
10824:
10819:
10814:
10812:Count of Feira
10809:
10804:
10799:
10794:
10789:
10784:
10779:
10774:
10769:
10764:
10759:
10754:
10749:
10744:
10739:
10734:
10729:
10724:
10719:
10714:
10709:
10707:Horatio Nelson
10704:
10699:
10694:
10688:
10686:
10678:
10677:
10675:
10674:
10669:
10664:
10659:
10654:
10649:
10644:
10639:
10634:
10629:
10624:
10619:
10617:Marshal Victor
10614:
10609:
10604:
10599:
10594:
10589:
10584:
10579:
10574:
10568:
10566:
10555:
10551:
10550:
10547:
10546:
10544:
10543:
10538:
10533:
10528:
10523:
10518:
10513:
10508:
10503:
10498:
10493:
10488:
10483:
10478:
10473:
10468:
10463:
10458:
10453:
10448:
10443:
10437:
10435:
10431:
10430:
10428:
10427:
10422:
10417:
10412:
10407:
10402:
10397:
10395:Arcis-sur-Aube
10392:
10387:
10382:
10377:
10372:
10367:
10362:
10357:
10352:
10347:
10342:
10337:
10332:
10327:
10322:
10316:
10314:
10310:
10309:
10307:
10306:
10301:
10296:
10291:
10286:
10281:
10276:
10271:
10266:
10261:
10256:
10251:
10246:
10241:
10236:
10231:
10226:
10221:
10216:
10211:
10206:
10201:
10196:
10191:
10186:
10180:
10178:
10174:
10173:
10171:
10170:
10165:
10160:
10155:
10150:
10145:
10140:
10138:Venta del Pozo
10135:
10130:
10125:
10120:
10115:
10110:
10105:
10100:
10095:
10090:
10085:
10080:
10075:
10070:
10065:
10060:
10055:
10050:
10045:
10040:
10035:
10030:
10025:
10020:
10015:
10013:Ciudad Rodrigo
10009:
10007:
10003:
10002:
10000:
9999:
9994:
9989:
9984:
9979:
9974:
9969:
9964:
9959:
9954:
9949:
9944:
9939:
9934:
9929:
9923:
9921:
9917:
9916:
9914:
9913:
9908:
9903:
9898:
9893:
9891:Ciudad Rodrigo
9888:
9883:
9877:
9875:
9871:
9870:
9868:
9867:
9865:Alba de Tormes
9862:
9857:
9852:
9847:
9842:
9837:
9832:
9827:
9822:
9817:
9812:
9807:
9802:
9797:
9792:
9787:
9782:
9777:
9772:
9767:
9765:Aspern-Essling
9762:
9757:
9752:
9747:
9742:
9737:
9732:
9727:
9722:
9717:
9712:
9707:
9702:
9697:
9692:
9687:
9682:
9677:
9672:
9667:
9662:
9657:
9652:
9647:
9642:
9637:
9632:
9626:
9624:
9620:
9619:
9617:
9616:
9611:
9606:
9601:
9596:
9591:
9586:
9581:
9576:
9571:
9566:
9561:
9556:
9551:
9546:
9541:
9536:
9531:
9526:
9520:
9518:
9514:
9513:
9511:
9510:
9505:
9500:
9495:
9490:
9485:
9480:
9475:
9470:
9465:
9460:
9455:
9450:
9444:
9442:
9438:
9437:
9435:
9434:
9429:
9424:
9419:
9414:
9409:
9404:
9399:
9394:
9389:
9384:
9379:
9374:
9369:
9367:Jena–Auerstedt
9364:
9359:
9354:
9349:
9344:
9338:
9336:
9332:
9331:
9329:
9328:
9323:
9318:
9313:
9308:
9303:
9298:
9293:
9288:
9283:
9278:
9273:
9268:
9263:
9258:
9252:
9250:
9246:
9245:
9243:
9242:
9237:
9232:
9227:
9222:
9217:
9212:
9206:
9204:
9195:
9189:
9188:
9185:
9184:
9182:
9181:
9176:
9171:
9166:
9161:
9156:
9151:
9146:
9141:
9139:Ottoman Empire
9136:
9131:
9126:
9121:
9116:
9111:
9106:
9101:
9099:United Kingdom
9095:
9093:
9085:
9084:
9082:
9081:
9076:
9071:
9069:Ottoman Empire
9066:
9064:Denmark–Norway
9061:
9060:
9059:
9054:
9049:
9044:
9034:
9029:
9024:
9019:
9014:
9009:
9007:Polish Legions
9004:
8998:
8996:
8983:
8977:
8976:
8974:
8973:
8966:
8959:
8952:
8945:
8942:Peninsular War
8938:
8931:
8923:
8920:
8919:
8912:
8911:
8904:
8897:
8889:
8880:
8879:
8872:
8870:
8868:
8867:
8862:
8857:
8852:
8847:
8842:
8837:
8832:
8827:
8822:
8817:
8812:
8807:
8802:
8797:
8792:
8787:
8782:
8777:
8772:
8767:
8762:
8757:
8752:
8747:
8742:
8736:
8734:
8727:
8724:
8723:
8712:
8711:
8704:
8697:
8689:
8680:
8679:
8677:
8676:
8674:king of Poland
8670:
8668:Danish monarch
8660:
8654:
8650:
8647:
8646:
8643:
8642:
8640:
8639:
8634:
8629:
8624:
8619:
8614:
8609:
8603:
8601:
8594:
8588:
8587:
8584:
8583:
8581:
8580:
8575:
8570:
8565:
8559:
8557:
8550:
8539:
8538:
8535:
8534:
8532:
8531:
8524:
8519:
8514:
8509:
8503:
8501:
8494:
8474:
8473:
8470:
8469:
8467:
8466:
8461:
8456:
8451:
8446:
8441:
8436:
8430:
8428:
8421:
8415:
8414:
8411:
8410:
8408:
8407:
8400:
8390:
8383:
8376:
8373:Svante Nilsson
8369:
8362:
8352:
8345:
8342:House of Bonde
8335:
8328:
8321:
8314:
8311:House of Bonde
8304:
8297:
8287:
8274:
8271:House of Bonde
8264:
8251:
8241:
8238:Charles (VIII)
8234:
8224:
8221:Charles (VIII)
8217:
8207:
8188:
8186:
8179:
8171:
8165:
8164:
8161:
8160:
8158:
8157:
8151:
8149:
8142:
8136:
8135:
8132:
8131:
8129:
8128:
8119:
8114:
8109:
8104:
8099:
8093:
8091:
8084:
8078:
8077:
8074:
8073:
8071:
8070:
8063:
8058:
8051:
8046:
8041:
8036:
8031:
8022:
8017:
8003:
7996:
7990:
7988:
7987:c. 1130 – 1250
7981:
7969:
7968:
7965:
7964:
7962:
7961:
7947:
7942:
7933:
7931:Inge the Elder
7928:
7923:
7921:Inge the Elder
7914:
7909:
7904:
7899:
7894:
7888:
7886:
7877:
7871:
7870:
7867:
7866:
7864:
7863:
7858:
7853:
7848:
7842:
7840:
7830:
7824:
7823:
7816:
7815:
7808:
7801:
7793:
7784:
7783:
7781:
7780:
7774:
7768:
7766:Danish monarch
7762:
7758:
7755:
7754:
7751:
7750:
7748:
7743:
7738:
7733:
7731:
7724:
7723:
7720:
7718:
7712:
7711:
7708:
7707:
7705:
7700:
7695:
7690:
7685:
7680:
7678:
7671:
7670:
7667:
7665:
7659:
7658:
7655:
7654:
7652:
7647:
7645:
7638:
7637:
7634:
7632:
7626:
7625:
7622:
7621:
7619:
7614:
7609:
7604:
7599:
7594:
7589:
7584:
7579:
7574:
7569:
7564:
7562:
7555:
7554:
7551:
7549:
7547:Denmark–Norway
7543:
7542:
7539:
7538:
7536:
7531:
7526:
7521:
7514:
7509:
7504:
7499:
7497:
7490:
7489:
7486:
7484:
7478:
7477:
7474:
7473:
7471:
7470:
7465:
7460:
7455:
7450:
7445:
7440:
7433:
7428:
7423:
7416:
7411:
7406:
7401:
7396:
7389:
7384:
7379:
7377:Sigurd II Munn
7374:
7369:
7364:
7359:
7354:
7352:Olav Magnusson
7349:
7344:
7339:
7337:Olaf III Kyrre
7334:
7329:
7324:
7319:
7309:Sweyn Knutsson
7293:
7288:
7269:
7264:
7251:
7246:
7241:
7236:
7230:
7228:
7221:
7202:
7201:
7191:
7190:
7183:
7176:
7168:
7159:
7158:
7152:
7149:
7148:
7141:
7139:
7137:
7136:
7131:
7126:
7121:
7114:
7107:
7100:
7093:
7086:
7079:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7055:
7048:
7041:
7033:
7030:
7029:
7022:
7021:
7014:
7007:
6999:
6990:
6989:
6972:
6969:
6968:
6966:
6965:
6959:
6957:
6953:
6952:
6950:
6949:
6944:
6938:
6936:
6932:
6931:
6929:
6928:
6922:
6920:
6916:
6915:
6913:
6912:
6907:
6902:
6897:
6892:
6886:
6884:
6880:
6879:
6877:
6876:
6871:
6866:
6861:
6855:
6853:
6849:
6848:
6846:
6845:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6825:
6819:
6817:
6813:
6812:
6810:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6794:
6788:
6786:
6782:
6781:
6779:
6778:
6773:
6767:
6765:
6764:9th generation
6761:
6760:
6758:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6736:
6734:
6733:8th generation
6730:
6729:
6727:
6726:
6721:
6716:
6710:
6708:
6707:7th generation
6704:
6703:
6701:
6700:
6694:
6692:
6691:6th generation
6688:
6687:
6685:
6684:
6679:
6673:
6671:
6670:5th generation
6667:
6666:
6664:
6663:
6657:
6655:
6654:4th generation
6651:
6650:
6648:
6647:
6642:
6637:
6632:
6627:
6621:
6619:
6618:3rd generation
6615:
6614:
6612:
6611:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6583:
6581:
6580:2nd generation
6577:
6576:
6574:
6573:
6568:
6563:
6558:
6552:
6550:
6549:1st generation
6546:
6545:
6522:
6519:
6518:
6511:
6510:
6503:
6496:
6488:
6479:
6478:
6465:
6462:
6461:
6458:
6457:
6454:
6453:
6451:
6450:
6445:
6439:
6437:
6433:
6432:
6430:
6429:
6426:Princess Sofia
6423:
6416:
6414:
6410:
6409:
6407:
6406:
6401:
6396:
6390:
6388:
6380:
6379:
6367:
6366:
6363:
6362:
6359:
6358:
6356:
6355:
6349:
6347:
6343:
6342:
6340:
6339:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6313:
6311:
6307:
6306:
6304:
6303:
6297:
6290:
6288:
6284:
6283:
6281:
6280:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6261:Prince Sigvard
6258:
6252:
6250:
6242:
6241:
6229:
6228:
6225:
6224:
6221:
6220:
6218:
6217:
6214:Prince Lennart
6210:
6208:
6204:
6203:
6201:
6200:
6194:
6188:
6181:
6179:
6175:
6174:
6172:
6171:
6165:
6162:Prince Wilhelm
6159:
6152:
6150:
6142:
6141:
6129:
6128:
6125:
6124:
6121:
6120:
6118:
6117:
6111:
6106:
6100:
6093:
6091:
6087:
6086:
6084:
6083:
6077:
6074:Queen Victoria
6070:
6068:
6064:
6063:
6061:
6060:
6054:
6048:
6042:
6035:
6033:
6025:
6024:
6012:
6011:
6008:
6007:
6004:
6003:
6001:
6000:
5994:
5987:
5985:
5977:
5976:
5964:
5963:
5960:
5959:
5956:
5955:
5953:
5952:
5946:
5940:
5933:
5931:
5927:
5926:
5924:
5923:
5917:
5911:
5905:
5899:
5892:
5890:
5882:
5881:
5869:
5868:
5865:
5864:
5861:
5860:
5858:
5857:
5850:
5848:
5844:
5843:
5841:
5840:
5833:
5831:
5827:
5826:
5824:
5823:
5817:
5815:
5807:
5806:
5794:
5793:
5786:
5785:
5778:
5771:
5763:
5755:
5754:
5749:
5746:
5737:
5732:
5728:
5727:
5723:
5722:
5714:
5709:
5700:
5694:
5693:
5688:
5685:
5676:King of Sweden
5672:
5667:
5663:
5662:
5661:Regnal titles
5658:
5657:
5637:
5634:
5629:
5628:
5612:
5604:
5590:
5589:External links
5587:
5586:
5585:
5578:
5568:
5561:
5554:
5544:
5534:
5533:
5532:
5516:
5513:
5512:
5511:
5489:
5479:Chisholm, Hugh
5448:
5447:
5438:
5425:
5419:
5406:
5374:
5373:
5360:
5354:
5341:
5332:
5323:
5314:
5308:
5295:
5286:
5277:
5271:
5258:
5252:
5239:
5233:
5216:
5210:
5197:
5188:
5183:978-2340006058
5182:
5169:
5156:
5147:
5138:
5129:
5120:
5109:
5100:
5086:
5077:
5071:
5056:
5053:
5050:
5049:
5042:
5024:
4992:
4980:
4974:978-0674063778
4973:
4955:
4949:978-1906787394
4948:
4928:
4922:978-9719165545
4921:
4912:La Solidaridad
4901:
4895:978-0571313211
4894:
4874:
4860:
4829:
4796:
4767:
4738:
4722:
4710:
4688:
4671:Riksarkivet. "
4664:
4642:
4620:
4579:
4549:
4540:
4537:Sjostrom, Olof
4529:
4527:, p. 248.
4514:
4484:
4454:
4452:, p. 374.
4442:
4430:
4418:
4414:Killham (1993)
4406:
4394:
4392:, p. 286.
4382:
4373:
4371:, p. 222.
4361:
4326:
4314:
4302:
4290:
4278:
4266:
4254:
4242:
4240:, p. 307.
4230:
4218:
4206:
4197:
4185:
4173:
4171:, p. 265.
4161:
4159:, p. 259.
4149:
4137:
4125:
4123:, p. 181.
4113:
4101:
4088:
4079:
4067:
4052:
4040:
4038:, p. 251.
4028:
4016:
3973:
3961:
3949:
3920:
3908:
3892:
3880:
3865:
3852:978-1137455475
3851:
3826:
3796:
3794:, p. 158.
3784:
3772:
3760:
3748:
3746:, p. 153.
3736:
3724:
3712:
3700:
3688:
3676:
3664:
3662:, p. 209.
3652:
3640:
3631:
3622:
3610:
3598:
3596:, p. 179.
3583:
3581:, p. xlv.
3568:
3556:
3544:
3532:
3517:
3502:
3490:
3478:
3463:
3461:, p. 284.
3448:
3446:, p. 765.
3436:
3434:, p. 135.
3421:
3409:
3407:, p. 143.
3397:
3385:
3381:Foucart (1887)
3373:
3361:
3346:
3344:, p. 932.
3307:
3298:
3286:
3274:
3265:
3250:
3238:
3220:978-9004181540
3219:
3194:
3182:
3170:
3158:
3146:
3134:
3122:
3110:
3098:
3086:
3074:
3072:, p. 571.
3027:
3012:
3000:
2988:
2976:
2964:
2952:
2940:
2928:
2916:
2904:
2892:
2880:
2878:, p. 931.
2851:
2825:
2813:
2811:, p. 128.
2801:
2785:
2773:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2716:
2713:
2706:Allison Pataki
2700:New York Times
2692:Michael Rennie
2682:in 1954, with
2609:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2591:
2580:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2558:
2549:
2540:
2539:
2538:
2528:
2512:
2498:
2485:
2484:
2483:
2481:30 August 1813
2475:Knight of the
2473:
2468:Knight of the
2466:
2464:30 August 1812
2458:Knight of the
2456:
2454:30 August 1812
2448:Knight of the
2443:
2442:
2441:
2433:Knight of the
2431:
2415:
2402:
2401:
2400:
2391:
2381:
2373:Knight of the
2365:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2338:
2337:
2336:
2335:
2333:21 August 1810
2327:Knight of the
2325:
2315:
2313:21 August 1810
2305:
2303:21 August 1810
2295:
2293:21 August 1810
2285:
2283:21 August 1810
2277:Knight of the
2272:
2263:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2243:
2240:
2226:
2203:
2200:Karljohansvern
2192:
2179:
2176:
2134:
2131:
2127:silver jubilee
2115:Rabulist riots
2029:
1972:
1969:
1946:personal union
1922:Treaty of Kiel
1758:foreign policy
1719:
1703:Fredric Westin
1688:
1685:
1656:Generalissimus
1650:to be the new
1596:Charles August
1567:
1564:
1543:National Guard
1469:Peninsular War
1285:great movement
1223:
1220:
1102:18th Fructidor
1023:'s victory at
982:
979:
967:Adjutant-Major
934:
931:
871:
868:
841:Treaty of Kiel
694:. During the
688:Karl III Johan
668:King of Sweden
664:Karl XIV Johan
651:
650:
647:
646:
644:
643:
640:
634:
632:
628:
627:
625:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
568:
566:
562:
561:
559:
558:
553:
548:
542:
540:
536:
535:
533:
532:
523:
520:
517:
512:
507:
502:
499:
493:
487:
480:
478:
474:
473:
460:
456:
455:
452:
448:
447:
445:
444:
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
413:
411:
407:
406:
402:
401:
398:
397:
390:
386:
385:
383:Roman Catholic
373:
369:
368:
365:
361:
360:
352:
348:
347:
342:
336:
335:
332:
331:
321:
320:
312:
311:
306:
300:
299:
288:
282:
281:
279:
275:
274:
269:
265:
261:
260:
251:(aged 81)
245:
241:
240:
223:
219:
218:
215:
214:
211:
210:
207:
206:
203:
202:
197:
191:
190:
185:
179:
178:
168:
167:
161:
160:
157:
156:
151:
147:
146:
143:
139:
138:
132:
131:
126:
122:
121:
116:
112:
111:
109:
108:
98:
87:
85:
81:
80:
77:
73:
72:
66:King of Sweden
62:
61:
52:
44:
43:
26:
18:Carl XIV Johan
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
15340:
15329:
15326:
15324:
15321:
15319:
15316:
15314:
15311:
15309:
15306:
15304:
15301:
15299:
15296:
15294:
15291:
15289:
15286:
15284:
15281:
15279:
15276:
15274:
15271:
15269:
15266:
15264:
15261:
15259:
15256:
15254:
15251:
15249:
15246:
15244:
15241:
15239:
15236:
15234:
15231:
15229:
15226:
15224:
15221:
15219:
15216:
15214:
15211:
15209:
15206:
15204:
15201:
15199:
15196:
15194:
15191:
15189:
15186:
15184:
15181:
15179:
15176:
15174:
15171:
15169:
15166:
15164:
15161:
15159:
15156:
15154:
15151:
15149:
15146:
15144:
15141:
15139:
15136:
15135:
15133:
15117:
15107:
15104:
15102:
15099:
15097:
15094:
15092:
15089:
15087:
15084:
15082:
15081:Bernhard Paus
15079:
15077:
15074:
15072:
15069:
15067:
15064:
15062:
15059:
15057:
15054:
15052:
15049:
15047:
15044:
15042:
15039:
15037:
15036:King Oscar II
15034:
15032:
15029:
15027:
15024:
15022:
15019:
15018:
15015:
15011:
15007:
15006:Grand Masters
15000:
14995:
14993:
14988:
14986:
14981:
14980:
14977:
14967:
14962:
14956:
14953:
14952:
14950:
14946:
14940:
14937:
14935:
14932:
14930:
14927:
14925:
14922:
14920:
14917:
14916:
14914:
14910:
14904:
14901:
14899:
14896:
14894:
14891:
14889:
14886:
14884:
14881:
14879:
14876:
14874:
14871:
14869:
14866:
14864:
14861:
14860:
14858:
14854:
14848:
14845:
14843:
14840:
14838:
14835:
14833:
14830:
14828:
14825:
14824:
14822:
14818:
14814:
14806:
14801:
14799:
14794:
14792:
14787:
14786:
14783:
14771:
14767:
14765:
14761:
14760:
14757:
14747:
14744:
14742:
14739:
14737:
14734:
14732:
14729:
14728:
14726:
14722:
14716:
14713:
14711:
14708:
14706:
14703:
14701:
14698:
14696:
14693:
14692:
14690:
14686:
14680:
14679:Joseph Fouché
14677:
14675:
14672:
14670:
14667:
14665:
14662:
14660:
14657:
14655:
14652:
14650:
14647:
14645:
14642:
14641:
14639:
14635:
14629:
14626:
14624:
14621:
14619:
14616:
14614:
14611:
14609:
14606:
14605:
14603:
14599:
14593:
14590:
14588:
14585:
14583:
14580:
14578:
14575:
14573:
14570:
14568:
14565:
14563:
14560:
14559:
14557:
14553:
14547:
14544:
14542:
14539:
14537:
14534:
14532:
14529:
14527:
14524:
14523:
14521:
14517:
14511:
14508:
14506:
14503:
14501:
14498:
14497:
14495:
14491:
14488:
14484:
14479:
14469:
14466:
14464:
14461:
14459:
14456:
14454:
14451:
14449:
14446:
14444:
14441:
14439:
14436:
14434:
14431:
14429:
14426:
14424:
14421:
14419:
14416:
14414:
14411:
14409:
14408:Lazare Carnot
14406:
14405:
14403:
14399:
14394:
14387:
14382:
14380:
14375:
14373:
14368:
14367:
14364:
14348:
14345:
14343:
14340:
14338:
14335:
14333:
14330:
14328:
14325:
14323:
14320:
14318:
14315:
14312:
14311:
14310:Sans-culottes
14306:
14302:
14299:
14298:
14297:
14294:
14292:
14289:
14287:
14284:
14282:
14281:Metric system
14279:
14277:
14274:
14271:
14270:
14265:
14263:
14260:
14258:
14255:
14253:
14250:
14247:
14246:
14241:
14239:
14236:
14234:
14231:
14228:
14227:
14222:
14221:
14218:
14211:
14207:
14197:
14194:
14192:
14189:
14187:
14184:
14182:
14179:
14177:
14174:
14172:
14169:
14167:
14164:
14162:
14159:
14157:
14154:
14152:
14149:
14147:
14144:
14142:
14139:
14137:
14134:
14132:
14129:
14127:
14124:
14122:
14121:
14117:
14116:
14113:
14106:
14102:
14088:
14085:
14081:
14080:Panthéon Club
14078:
14076:
14073:
14072:
14071:
14068:
14067:
14065:
14061:
14055:
14052:
14050:
14047:
14045:
14042:
14040:
14037:
14035:
14032:
14030:
14027:
14025:
14022:
14020:
14017:
14015:
14012:
14010:
14007:
14005:
14002:
14000:
13997:
13995:
13992:
13990:
13987:
13985:
13982:
13980:
13977:
13975:
13972:
13970:
13969:Joachim Murat
13967:
13965:
13962:
13960:
13957:
13955:
13952:
13950:
13947:
13945:
13942:
13940:
13937:
13935:
13932:
13930:
13927:
13925:
13922:
13920:
13917:
13915:
13912:
13910:
13907:
13905:
13902:
13901:
13899:
13895:
13892:
13888:
13882:
13879:
13877:
13874:
13872:
13869:
13867:
13864:
13862:
13859:
13857:
13854:
13852:
13849:
13847:
13844:
13842:
13839:
13837:
13834:
13832:
13829:
13827:
13824:
13822:
13819:
13817:
13814:
13812:
13809:
13807:
13804:
13802:
13799:
13797:
13794:
13792:
13789:
13788:
13786:
13784:
13783:
13777:
13773:
13767:
13764:
13762:
13759:
13757:
13754:
13752:
13749:
13747:
13746:Gilbert Romme
13744:
13742:
13739:
13737:
13734:
13732:
13729:
13727:
13724:
13722:
13719:
13717:
13714:
13712:
13709:
13707:
13704:
13702:
13699:
13697:
13694:
13692:
13689:
13687:
13684:
13682:
13679:
13677:
13674:
13672:
13669:
13667:
13664:
13662:
13659:
13657:
13654:
13652:
13649:
13647:
13644:
13642:
13639:
13638:
13636:
13634:
13630:
13624:
13621:
13619:
13616:
13614:
13611:
13609:
13606:
13604:
13601:
13599:
13596:
13594:
13591:
13589:
13586:
13584:
13581:
13579:
13576:
13574:
13571:
13569:
13568:de Cambacérès
13566:
13564:
13561:
13560:
13558:
13556:
13552:
13546:
13543:
13541:
13538:
13536:
13533:
13531:
13528:
13526:
13523:
13521:
13518:
13516:
13513:
13511:
13508:
13506:
13503:
13501:
13498:
13496:
13493:
13491:
13487:
13485:
13484:Madame Roland
13482:
13480:
13477:
13475:
13472:
13471:
13469:
13467:
13463:
13457:
13454:
13452:
13449:
13447:
13444:
13442:
13439:
13437:
13434:
13432:
13429:
13427:
13424:
13422:
13421:André Chénier
13419:
13417:
13414:
13412:
13409:
13407:
13404:
13402:
13399:
13397:
13394:
13392:
13389:
13387:
13384:
13382:
13379:
13377:
13376:Grace Elliott
13374:
13373:
13371:
13368:
13367:
13361:
13356:
13350:
13347:
13345:
13342:
13340:
13337:
13335:
13332:
13330:
13327:
13325:
13322:
13320:
13317:
13315:
13312:
13311:
13309:
13307:
13303:
13296:
13292:
13278:
13275:
13273:
13270:
13269:
13267:
13265:
13260:
13254:
13248:
13245:
13243:
13240:
13238:
13235:
13234:
13232:
13230:
13225:
13219:
13213:
13210:
13208:
13205:
13204:
13202:
13200:
13195:
13189:
13183:
13180:
13179:
13177:
13175:
13170:
13164:
13158:
13155:
13153:
13150:
13148:
13145:
13143:
13140:
13137:
13136:
13134:
13132:
13127:
13121:
13115:
13112:
13110:
13107:
13105:
13099:
13097:
13094:
13092:
13089:
13087:
13084:
13082:
13076:
13074:
13071:
13069:
13063:
13061:
13055:
13053:
13047:
13045:
13042:
13040:
13034:
13032:
13029:
13027:
13021:
13019:
13016:
13014:
13011:
13010:
13008:
13006:
13001:
12995:
12992:
12990:
12986:
12976:
12973:
12972:
12970:
12968:
12964:
12958:
12955:
12953:
12950:
12948:
12945:
12943:
12940:
12938:
12937:Joseph Souham
12935:
12933:
12930:
12928:
12925:
12923:
12920:
12918:
12915:
12913:
12910:
12908:
12905:
12903:
12900:
12896:
12891:
12888:
12886:
12883:
12881:
12880:Joachim Murat
12878:
12876:
12873:
12871:
12868:
12866:
12863:
12861:
12860:André Masséna
12858:
12856:
12853:
12851:
12848:
12846:
12843:
12841:
12838:
12836:
12833:
12831:
12828:
12826:
12823:
12821:
12818:
12816:
12813:
12811:
12808:
12806:
12803:
12801:
12798:
12796:
12793:
12791:
12788:
12786:
12783:
12781:
12778:
12776:
12773:
12771:
12768:
12766:
12763:
12761:
12758:
12756:
12753:
12751:
12748:
12746:
12743:
12741:
12738:
12736:
12733:
12731:
12728:
12726:
12723:
12721:
12718:
12716:
12713:
12711:
12708:
12706:
12703:
12701:
12698:
12696:
12693:
12691:
12688:
12686:
12683:
12681:
12678:
12677:
12675:
12673:
12669:
12666:
12664:
12659:
12653:
12646:
12642:
12631:(25 Jun 1802)
12629:
12626:
12623:(25 Mar 1802)
12621:
12618:
12617:
12615:
12611:
12602:
12599:
12596:(18 Mar 1801)
12594:
12591:
12586:
12583:
12582:
12580:
12578:
12574:
12565:
12562:
12557:
12554:
12551:(15 Jun 1800)
12549:
12546:
12543:(14 Jun 1800)
12541:
12538:
12537:
12535:
12533:
12529:
12520:
12517:
12514:(15 Aug 1799)
12512:
12509:
12504:
12501:
12496:
12493:
12488:
12485:
12480:
12477:
12474:(25 Mar 1799)
12472:
12469:
12464:
12461:
12456:
12455:Siege of Acre
12453:
12448:
12445:
12444:
12442:
12440:
12436:
12427:
12426:Peasants' War
12424:
12419:
12416:
12411:
12408:
12403:
12400:
12395:
12392:
12391:
12389:
12387:
12383:
12376:(17 Oct 1797)
12374:
12371:
12368:(18 Apr 1797)
12366:
12363:
12360:(17 Apr 1797)
12358:
12355:
12352:(25 Jan 1797)
12350:
12347:
12342:
12339:
12336:(13 Jan 1797)
12334:
12331:
12326:
12323:
12322:
12320:
12318:
12314:
12305:
12302:
12297:
12294:
12289:
12286:
12281:
12278:
12275:(26 Oct 1796)
12273:
12270:
12267:(19 Oct 1796)
12265:
12262:
12257:
12254:
12249:
12246:
12241:
12238:
12235:(24 Aug 1796)
12233:
12230:
12227:(11 Aug 1796)
12225:
12222:
12220:
12217:
12212:
12209:
12204:
12201:
12196:
12193:
12192:
12190:
12188:
12184:
12178:
12175:
12170:
12167:
12166:
12164:
12162:
12158:
12149:
12146:
12141:
12138:
12136:
12133:
12130:(26 Jun 1794)
12128:
12125:
12120:
12117:
12114:(22 May 1794)
12112:
12109:
12106:(18 May 1794)
12104:
12101:
12095:
12092:
12089:(24 Apr 1794)
12087:
12084:
12083:
12081:
12079:
12075:
12066:
12063:
12061:
12058:
12055:(13 Oct 1793)
12053:
12050:
12045:
12042:
12040:
12037:
12035:
12032:
12030:
12027:
12025:
12022:
12020:
12017:
12015:
12012:
12007:
12004:
12001:(23 May 1793)
11999:
11996:
11994:
11991:
11989:
11986:
11984:
11981:
11980:
11978:
11976:
11972:
11964:
11959:
11956:
11954:
11951:
11949:
11946:
11944:
11941:
11936:
11934:
11931:
11929:
11926:
11925:
11923:
11921:
11918:
11916:
11913:
11911:
11908:
11907:
11905:
11903:
11899:
11892:
11888:
11878:
11875:
11872:(24 Dec 1799)
11870:
11867:
11862:
11859:
11856:(18 Jun 1799)
11854:
11851:
11850:
11848:
11844:
11837:(11 May 1798)
11835:
11832:
11831:
11829:
11825:
11816:
11813:
11808:
11805:
11804:
11802:
11798:
11789:
11786:
11781:
11778:
11774:
11771:
11769:
11766:
11765:
11761:
11758:
11755:(22 Aug 1795)
11753:
11750:
11745:
11742:
11741:
11739:
11735:
11728:(11 Nov 1794)
11726:
11723:
11718:
11715:
11712:(28 Jul 1794)
11709:
11706:
11703:(27 Jul 1794)
11701:
11698:
11695:(10 Jun 1794)
11693:
11690:
11685:
11681:
11678:
11677:
11675:
11671:
11662:
11659:
11656:(16 Oct 1793)
11654:
11651:
11648:(17 Sep 1793)
11646:
11643:
11638:
11637:
11633:
11630:(23 Aug 1793)
11628:
11625:
11622:(13 Jul 1793)
11620:
11617:
11612:
11609:
11605:
11602:
11600:
11597:
11596:
11592:
11589:
11584:
11581:
11578:(21 Jan 1793)
11576:
11573:
11572:
11570:
11566:
11559:(22 Sep 1792)
11557:
11554:
11549:
11546:
11541:
11538:
11535:(10 Aug 1792)
11533:
11530:
11525:
11522:
11519:(25 Jul 1792)
11517:
11514:
11511:(20 Apr 1792)
11509:
11506:
11505:
11503:
11499:
11490:
11487:
11482:
11479:
11476:(27 Aug 1791)
11474:
11471:
11468:(17 Jul 1791)
11466:
11463:
11458:
11455:
11454:
11452:
11448:
11441:(14 Jul 1790)
11439:
11438:
11434:
11431:(12 Jul 1790)
11429:
11426:
11423:(23 Jun 1790)
11421:
11417:
11412:
11409:
11408:
11406:
11402:
11393:
11390:
11385:
11382:
11379:(26 Aug 1789)
11377:
11374:
11369:
11366:
11361:
11358:
11355:(14 Jul 1789)
11353:
11350:
11345:
11342:
11339:(20 Jun 1789)
11337:
11334:
11329:
11326:
11323:(4 June 1789)
11321:
11318:
11313:
11310:
11307:(28 Apr 1789)
11305:
11302:
11297:
11296:
11292:
11291:
11289:
11285:
11278:(21 Jul 1788)
11276:
11273:
11268:
11265:
11264:
11262:
11258:
11251:
11247:
11241:
11240:
11236:
11234:
11233:
11229:
11227:
11226:
11222:
11220:
11219:
11215:
11213:
11212:
11208:
11206:
11205:
11201:
11199:
11198:
11194:
11192:
11191:
11187:
11185:
11184:
11183:Ancien Régime
11180:
11178:
11177:
11173:
11171:
11170:
11166:
11165:
11162:
11158:
11151:
11146:
11144:
11139:
11137:
11132:
11131:
11128:
11112:
11109:
11107:
11104:
11100:
11097:
11096:
11095:
11092:
11090:
11087:
11085:
11082:
11080:
11077:
11075:
11072:
11070:
11067:
11065:
11062:
11060:
11057:
11055:
11052:
11051:
11049:
11047:Miscellaneous
11045:
11039:
11036:
11034:
11031:
11029:
11026:
11024:
11021:
11019:
11016:
11014:
11011:
11009:
11006:
11004:
11001:
10999:
10996:
10994:
10991:
10989:
10986:
10984:
10981:
10979:
10976:
10974:
10971:
10969:
10966:
10964:
10961:
10959:
10956:
10954:
10951:
10949:
10946:
10944:
10941:
10939:
10936:
10935:
10933:
10929:
10923:
10920:
10918:
10915:
10913:
10910:
10908:
10905:
10903:
10900:
10898:
10895:
10893:
10890:
10888:
10885:
10881:
10878:
10877:
10876:
10873:
10871:
10868:
10866:
10863:
10861:
10858:
10856:
10853:
10852:
10850:
10844:
10838:
10835:
10833:
10830:
10828:
10825:
10823:
10820:
10818:
10815:
10813:
10810:
10808:
10805:
10803:
10800:
10798:
10795:
10793:
10790:
10788:
10785:
10783:
10780:
10778:
10775:
10773:
10770:
10768:
10765:
10763:
10760:
10758:
10755:
10753:
10750:
10748:
10745:
10743:
10740:
10738:
10735:
10733:
10730:
10728:
10725:
10723:
10722:Manuel Lapeña
10720:
10718:
10715:
10713:
10710:
10708:
10705:
10703:
10700:
10698:
10695:
10693:
10690:
10689:
10687:
10679:
10673:
10670:
10668:
10665:
10663:
10660:
10658:
10655:
10653:
10652:Prince Eugène
10650:
10648:
10645:
10643:
10640:
10638:
10635:
10633:
10630:
10628:
10625:
10623:
10620:
10618:
10615:
10613:
10610:
10608:
10605:
10603:
10602:André Masséna
10600:
10598:
10595:
10593:
10590:
10588:
10585:
10583:
10582:Joachim Murat
10580:
10578:
10575:
10573:
10570:
10569:
10567:
10559:
10556:
10552:
10542:
10539:
10537:
10534:
10532:
10529:
10527:
10526:Rocheserviere
10524:
10522:
10519:
10517:
10514:
10512:
10509:
10507:
10504:
10502:
10499:
10497:
10494:
10492:
10489:
10487:
10484:
10482:
10479:
10477:
10474:
10472:
10469:
10467:
10464:
10462:
10459:
10457:
10454:
10452:
10449:
10447:
10444:
10442:
10439:
10438:
10436:
10432:
10426:
10423:
10421:
10418:
10416:
10413:
10411:
10408:
10406:
10403:
10401:
10398:
10396:
10393:
10391:
10388:
10386:
10383:
10381:
10378:
10376:
10373:
10371:
10368:
10366:
10363:
10361:
10358:
10356:
10353:
10351:
10348:
10346:
10343:
10341:
10338:
10336:
10333:
10331:
10328:
10326:
10323:
10321:
10318:
10317:
10315:
10311:
10305:
10302:
10300:
10297:
10295:
10292:
10290:
10287:
10285:
10282:
10280:
10277:
10275:
10272:
10270:
10267:
10265:
10262:
10260:
10257:
10255:
10252:
10250:
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10245:
10242:
10240:
10237:
10235:
10232:
10230:
10227:
10225:
10222:
10220:
10217:
10215:
10214:San Sebastián
10212:
10210:
10207:
10205:
10202:
10200:
10197:
10195:
10192:
10190:
10187:
10185:
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10179:
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10169:
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9912:
9909:
9907:
9904:
9902:
9899:
9897:
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9879:
9878:
9876:
9872:
9866:
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9843:
9841:
9838:
9836:
9833:
9831:
9828:
9826:
9823:
9821:
9818:
9816:
9813:
9811:
9808:
9806:
9803:
9801:
9798:
9796:
9793:
9791:
9788:
9786:
9783:
9781:
9778:
9776:
9775:Sankt Michael
9773:
9771:
9768:
9766:
9763:
9761:
9758:
9756:
9753:
9751:
9748:
9746:
9743:
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9728:
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9716:
9713:
9711:
9708:
9706:
9703:
9701:
9698:
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9693:
9691:
9690:Teugen-Hausen
9688:
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9668:
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9112:
9110:
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9100:
9097:
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9086:
9080:
9077:
9075:
9072:
9070:
9067:
9065:
9062:
9058:
9055:
9053:
9050:
9048:
9045:
9043:
9040:
9039:
9038:
9035:
9033:
9030:
9028:
9025:
9023:
9020:
9018:
9015:
9013:
9010:
9008:
9005:
9003:
9000:
8999:
8997:
8993:
8992:client states
8987:
8984:
8978:
8972:
8971:
8967:
8965:
8964:
8960:
8958:
8957:
8953:
8951:
8950:
8946:
8944:
8943:
8939:
8937:
8936:
8932:
8930:
8929:
8925:
8924:
8921:
8917:
8910:
8905:
8903:
8898:
8896:
8891:
8890:
8887:
8876:
8866:
8863:
8861:
8858:
8856:
8853:
8851:
8848:
8846:
8843:
8841:
8838:
8836:
8833:
8831:
8828:
8826:
8823:
8821:
8818:
8816:
8813:
8811:
8808:
8806:
8803:
8801:
8798:
8796:
8793:
8791:
8788:
8786:
8783:
8781:
8778:
8776:
8773:
8771:
8768:
8766:
8763:
8761:
8758:
8756:
8753:
8751:
8748:
8746:
8743:
8741:
8738:
8737:
8731:
8725:
8721:
8717:
8710:
8705:
8703:
8698:
8696:
8691:
8690:
8687:
8675:
8671:
8669:
8665:
8661:
8659:
8655:
8652:
8651:
8648:
8638:
8635:
8633:
8630:
8628:
8625:
8623:
8620:
8618:
8615:
8613:
8610:
8608:
8605:
8604:
8602:
8598:
8595:
8593:
8589:
8579:
8576:
8574:
8571:
8569:
8566:
8564:
8561:
8560:
8558:
8554:
8551:
8548:
8544:
8540:
8530:
8529:
8525:
8523:
8520:
8518:
8515:
8513:
8510:
8508:
8505:
8504:
8502:
8498:
8495:
8492:
8491:
8485:
8481:
8475:
8465:
8462:
8460:
8457:
8455:
8452:
8450:
8447:
8445:
8442:
8440:
8437:
8435:
8432:
8431:
8429:
8425:
8422:
8420:
8416:
8406:
8405:
8401:
8398:
8394:
8391:
8389:
8388:
8384:
8382:
8381:
8377:
8375:
8374:
8370:
8368:
8367:
8363:
8360:
8356:
8353:
8351:
8350:
8346:
8343:
8339:
8336:
8334:
8333:
8329:
8327:
8326:
8322:
8320:
8319:
8315:
8312:
8308:
8305:
8303:
8302:
8298:
8295:
8291:
8288:
8286:
8285:
8280:
8279:
8275:
8272:
8268:
8265:
8263:
8262:
8257:
8256:
8252:
8249:
8245:
8242:
8240:
8239:
8235:
8232:
8228:
8225:
8223:
8222:
8218:
8215:
8211:
8208:
8205:
8201:
8197:
8193:
8190:
8189:
8187:
8183:
8180:
8174:
8170:
8166:
8156:
8153:
8152:
8150:
8146:
8143:
8141:
8137:
8127:
8123:
8120:
8118:
8115:
8113:
8110:
8108:
8105:
8103:
8100:
8098:
8095:
8094:
8092:
8088:
8085:
8083:
8079:
8069:
8068:
8064:
8062:
8059:
8057:
8056:
8052:
8050:
8047:
8045:
8042:
8040:
8037:
8035:
8034:Knut Eriksson
8032:
8030:
8026:
8023:
8021:
8018:
8011:
8007:
8004:
8002:
8001:
7997:
7995:
7992:
7991:
7989:
7985:
7982:
7980:
7979:
7974:
7970:
7955:
7951:
7948:
7946:
7943:
7941:
7937:
7934:
7932:
7929:
7927:
7924:
7922:
7918:
7915:
7913:
7912:Håkan the Red
7910:
7908:
7907:Anund Gårdske
7905:
7903:
7900:
7898:
7897:Eric and Eric
7895:
7893:
7890:
7889:
7887:
7881:
7878:
7876:
7872:
7862:
7861:Emund the Old
7859:
7857:
7854:
7852:
7849:
7847:
7844:
7843:
7841:
7839:970 – c. 1060
7834:
7831:
7829:
7825:
7821:
7814:
7809:
7807:
7802:
7800:
7795:
7794:
7791:
7779:
7775:
7773:
7769:
7767:
7763:
7760:
7759:
7756:
7747:
7744:
7742:
7739:
7737:
7734:
7732:
7728:
7722:
7721:
7719:
7717:
7713:
7704:
7701:
7699:
7696:
7694:
7691:
7689:
7686:
7684:
7681:
7679:
7675:
7669:
7668:
7666:
7664:
7660:
7651:
7648:
7646:
7642:
7636:
7635:
7633:
7631:
7627:
7618:
7615:
7613:
7612:Christian VII
7610:
7608:
7605:
7603:
7600:
7598:
7595:
7593:
7590:
7588:
7587:Frederick III
7585:
7583:
7580:
7578:
7575:
7573:
7572:Christian III
7570:
7568:
7565:
7563:
7559:
7553:
7552:
7550:
7548:
7544:
7535:
7532:
7530:
7527:
7525:
7522:
7520:
7519:
7515:
7513:
7510:
7508:
7505:
7503:
7500:
7498:
7494:
7488:
7487:
7485:
7483:
7479:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7456:
7454:
7451:
7449:
7446:
7444:
7441:
7438:
7434:
7432:
7429:
7427:
7424:
7421:
7417:
7415:
7412:
7410:
7407:
7405:
7402:
7400:
7397:
7394:
7390:
7388:
7385:
7383:
7380:
7378:
7375:
7373:
7370:
7368:
7365:
7363:
7360:
7358:
7355:
7353:
7350:
7348:
7345:
7343:
7340:
7338:
7335:
7333:
7330:
7328:
7325:
7323:
7320:
7317:
7316:
7311:
7310:
7305:
7304:
7299:
7298:
7294:
7292:
7289:
7287:
7286:
7281:
7280:
7275:
7274:
7270:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7262:
7257:
7256:
7252:
7250:
7247:
7245:
7242:
7240:
7237:
7235:
7232:
7231:
7229:
7225:
7222:
7216:
7207:
7203:
7199:
7196:
7189:
7184:
7182:
7177:
7175:
7170:
7169:
7166:
7156:
7150:
7145:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7119:
7115:
7113:
7112:
7108:
7106:
7105:
7101:
7099:
7098:
7094:
7092:
7091:
7087:
7085:
7084:
7080:
7078:
7077:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7063:
7061:
7060:
7056:
7054:
7053:
7049:
7047:
7046:
7042:
7040:
7039:
7035:
7034:
7031:
7027:
7020:
7015:
7013:
7008:
7006:
7001:
7000:
6997:
6987:
6983:
6979:
6975:
6970:
6964:
6961:
6960:
6958:
6954:
6948:
6945:
6943:
6940:
6939:
6937:
6933:
6927:
6924:
6923:
6921:
6917:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6901:
6898:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6887:
6885:
6881:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6856:
6854:
6850:
6844:
6841:
6839:
6836:
6834:
6831:
6829:
6828:King Gustaf V
6826:
6824:
6821:
6820:
6818:
6814:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6802:King Oscar II
6800:
6798:
6795:
6793:
6790:
6789:
6787:
6783:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6768:
6766:
6762:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6748:
6746:
6743:
6741:
6738:
6737:
6735:
6731:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6711:
6709:
6705:
6699:
6696:
6695:
6693:
6689:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6674:
6672:
6668:
6662:
6659:
6658:
6656:
6652:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6622:
6620:
6616:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6584:
6582:
6578:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6561:King John III
6559:
6557:
6556:King Eric XIV
6554:
6553:
6551:
6547:
6542:
6538:
6534:
6530:
6529:House of Vasa
6526:
6520:
6516:
6509:
6504:
6502:
6497:
6495:
6490:
6489:
6486:
6476:
6472:
6468:
6463:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6440:
6438:
6436:Grandchildren
6434:
6427:
6424:
6421:
6420:Prince Daniel
6418:
6417:
6415:
6411:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6391:
6389:
6385:
6381:
6377:
6372:
6368:
6354:
6351:
6350:
6348:
6344:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6314:
6312:
6310:Grandchildren
6308:
6301:
6298:
6295:
6292:
6291:
6289:
6285:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6272:Prince Bertil
6270:
6268:
6265:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6253:
6251:
6247:
6243:
6239:
6234:
6230:
6215:
6212:
6211:
6209:
6207:Grandchildren
6205:
6198:
6195:
6192:
6189:
6186:
6183:
6182:
6180:
6176:
6169:
6166:
6163:
6160:
6157:
6154:
6153:
6151:
6147:
6143:
6139:
6134:
6130:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6104:
6101:
6098:
6095:
6094:
6092:
6090:Grandchildren
6088:
6081:
6078:
6075:
6072:
6071:
6069:
6065:
6058:
6055:
6052:
6049:
6046:
6043:
6040:
6039:King Gustaf V
6037:
6036:
6034:
6030:
6026:
6022:
6017:
6013:
5998:
5995:
5992:
5989:
5988:
5986:
5982:
5978:
5974:
5969:
5965:
5950:
5947:
5944:
5941:
5938:
5935:
5934:
5932:
5928:
5921:
5920:Prince August
5918:
5915:
5912:
5909:
5908:King Oscar II
5906:
5903:
5902:Prince Gustaf
5900:
5897:
5894:
5893:
5891:
5887:
5883:
5879:
5874:
5870:
5855:
5852:
5851:
5849:
5845:
5838:
5835:
5834:
5832:
5828:
5822:
5821:Queen Désirée
5819:
5818:
5816:
5812:
5808:
5804:
5799:
5795:
5791:
5784:
5779:
5777:
5772:
5770:
5765:
5764:
5761:
5752:
5743:
5742:
5735:
5729:
5724:
5721:
5720:
5713:
5706:
5705:
5699:
5695:
5691:
5682:
5681:
5677:
5670:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5647:
5642:
5641:
5632:
5625:
5624:
5618:
5613:
5609:
5605:
5602:
5597:
5593:
5592:
5583:
5579:
5576:
5572:
5569:
5566:
5562:
5559:
5558:History Today
5555:
5553:
5549:
5545:
5542:
5538:
5535:
5530:
5526:
5525:
5523:
5519:
5518:
5508:
5507:
5501:
5494:
5493:public domain
5490:
5486:
5485:
5480:
5476:
5472:
5467:
5466:public domain
5455:
5454:
5453:
5452:
5444:
5439:
5435:
5431:
5426:
5422:
5420:1-85367-435-4
5416:
5412:
5407:
5392:
5388:
5381:
5376:
5375:
5370:
5366:
5361:
5357:
5355:0-8093-1489-4
5351:
5347:
5342:
5338:
5333:
5329:
5324:
5320:
5315:
5311:
5305:
5301:
5296:
5293:(2): 127–138.
5292:
5287:
5283:
5278:
5274:
5272:0-929590-12-0
5268:
5264:
5259:
5255:
5249:
5245:
5240:
5236:
5230:
5226:
5222:
5217:
5213:
5211:1-85065-317-8
5207:
5203:
5198:
5194:
5189:
5185:
5179:
5175:
5170:
5166:
5162:
5157:
5153:
5148:
5144:
5139:
5135:
5130:
5126:
5121:
5117:
5116:
5110:
5106:
5101:
5099:
5095:
5091:
5087:
5083:
5078:
5074:
5072:0-7190-7152-6
5068:
5064:
5059:
5058:
5045:
5039:
5035:
5028:
5012:
5008:
5007:
5002:
4996:
4989:
4984:
4976:
4970:
4966:
4959:
4951:
4945:
4941:
4940:
4932:
4924:
4918:
4914:
4913:
4905:
4897:
4891:
4887:
4886:
4878:
4870:
4864:
4847:
4843:
4839:
4833:
4827:
4823:
4820:
4816:
4812:
4809:
4805:
4800:
4784:
4780:
4779:
4771:
4756:
4752:
4748:
4742:
4734:
4733:
4726:
4719:
4714:
4708:
4704:
4701:
4697:
4692:
4685:
4681:
4677:
4674:
4668:
4661:
4660:magasin.kb.se
4658:
4654:
4651:
4650:Posttidningar
4646:
4639:
4638:magasin.kb.se
4636:
4632:
4629:
4628:Posttidningar
4624:
4616:
4615:
4606:
4604:
4602:
4600:
4598:
4596:
4594:
4592:
4590:
4588:
4586:
4584:
4567:
4563:
4559:
4553:
4544:
4538:
4533:
4526:
4525:Palmer (1990)
4521:
4519:
4502:
4498:
4494:
4488:
4472:
4468:
4464:
4458:
4451:
4450:Barton (1930)
4446:
4439:
4434:
4427:
4422:
4415:
4410:
4403:
4398:
4391:
4386:
4377:
4370:
4365:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4335:
4333:
4331:
4323:
4322:Barton (1925)
4318:
4312:, p. 94.
4311:
4310:Barton (1925)
4306:
4299:
4294:
4287:
4286:Barton (1925)
4282:
4276:, p. 45.
4275:
4274:Berdah (2009)
4270:
4264:, p. 19.
4263:
4258:
4251:
4250:Favier (2010)
4246:
4239:
4234:
4228:, p. 32.
4227:
4226:Barton (1925)
4222:
4215:
4214:Palmer (1990)
4210:
4201:
4194:
4193:Barton (1925)
4189:
4183:, p. 13.
4182:
4177:
4170:
4169:Barton (1930)
4165:
4158:
4157:Barton (1930)
4153:
4146:
4145:Berdah (2009)
4141:
4134:
4133:Barton (1930)
4129:
4122:
4121:Palmer (1990)
4117:
4111:, p. 39.
4110:
4109:Berdah (2009)
4105:
4098:
4092:
4083:
4074:
4072:
4064:
4059:
4057:
4047:
4045:
4037:
4036:Barton (1930)
4032:
4025:
4020:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3990:
3988:
3986:
3984:
3982:
3980:
3978:
3970:
3969:Barton (1930)
3965:
3959:, p. 12.
3958:
3957:Favier (2010)
3953:
3937:
3933:
3927:
3925:
3917:
3916:Barton (1925)
3912:
3904:
3903:
3896:
3889:
3888:Barton (1921)
3884:
3877:
3876:Barton (1921)
3872:
3870:
3854:
3848:
3844:
3843:
3835:
3833:
3831:
3814:
3810:
3806:
3800:
3793:
3792:Favier (2010)
3788:
3781:
3780:Palmer (1990)
3776:
3769:
3768:Howard (2012)
3764:
3757:
3756:Barton (1921)
3752:
3745:
3744:Palmer (1990)
3740:
3733:
3728:
3721:
3720:Barton (1921)
3716:
3709:
3708:Barton (1921)
3704:
3697:
3692:
3685:
3684:Barton (1930)
3680:
3673:
3672:Barton (1921)
3668:
3661:
3660:Barton (1921)
3656:
3649:
3648:Barton (1921)
3644:
3635:
3626:
3619:
3618:Barton (1921)
3614:
3607:
3606:Palmer (1990)
3602:
3595:
3594:Barton (1921)
3590:
3588:
3580:
3575:
3573:
3565:
3564:Barton (1921)
3560:
3553:
3552:Barton (1921)
3548:
3541:
3540:Palmer (1990)
3536:
3529:
3528:Palmer (1990)
3524:
3522:
3514:
3513:Barton (1930)
3509:
3507:
3499:
3498:Barton (1921)
3494:
3488:, p. 19.
3487:
3486:Barton (1930)
3482:
3474:
3467:
3460:
3455:
3453:
3445:
3444:Alison (1836)
3440:
3433:
3432:Palmer (1990)
3428:
3426:
3418:
3417:Favier (2010)
3413:
3406:
3405:Barton (1921)
3401:
3394:
3393:Alison (1836)
3389:
3382:
3377:
3370:
3369:Titeux (1903)
3365:
3358:
3357:Barton (1921)
3353:
3351:
3343:
3338:
3336:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3324:
3322:
3320:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3302:
3295:
3294:Barton (1921)
3290:
3283:
3282:Barton (1921)
3278:
3269:
3261:
3254:
3247:
3246:Barton (1921)
3242:
3226:
3222:
3216:
3212:
3205:
3198:
3191:
3190:Barton (1930)
3186:
3180:, p. 88.
3179:
3178:Palmer (1990)
3174:
3168:, p. 84.
3167:
3166:Palmer (1990)
3162:
3156:, p. 61.
3155:
3154:Palmer (1990)
3150:
3143:
3142:Palmer (1990)
3138:
3132:, p. 43.
3131:
3130:Palmer (1990)
3126:
3120:, p. 44.
3119:
3118:Barton (1930)
3114:
3107:
3106:Palmer (1990)
3102:
3096:, p. 42.
3095:
3094:Palmer (1990)
3090:
3084:, p. 42.
3083:
3082:Barton (1930)
3078:
3071:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3032:
3024:
3023:Barton (1914)
3019:
3017:
3009:
3008:Barton (1914)
3004:
2997:
2996:Barton (1914)
2992:
2985:
2984:Barton (1914)
2980:
2973:
2972:Barton (1930)
2968:
2961:
2960:Barton (1914)
2956:
2950:, p. 15.
2949:
2948:Palmer (1990)
2944:
2938:, p. 11.
2937:
2936:Barton (1930)
2932:
2926:, p. 14.
2925:
2924:Barton (1930)
2920:
2913:
2912:Palmer (1990)
2908:
2901:
2900:Barton (1930)
2896:
2889:
2888:Palmer (1990)
2884:
2877:
2872:
2870:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2840:
2836:
2829:
2822:
2817:
2810:
2805:
2798:
2794:
2793:Barton (1925)
2789:
2782:
2777:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2756:
2752:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2703:
2701:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2686:as Napoleon,
2685:
2684:Marlon Brando
2681:
2680:
2674:
2672:
2668:
2663:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2647:
2641:
2635:
2629:
2628:Mort aux Rois
2623:
2619:'s 1833 play
2618:
2614:
2596:
2592:
2585:
2581:
2579:
2573:
2569:
2568:
2557:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2544:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2486:
2482:
2479:, 1st Class,
2478:
2474:
2471:
2467:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2345:
2343:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2324:
2320:
2319:Order of Vasa
2316:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2304:
2301:, 1st Class,
2300:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2253:French Empire
2251:
2250:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2227:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2181:
2175:
2173:
2169:
2163:
2159:
2152:
2147:
2139:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2077:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2056:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2039:
2033:
2028:
2024:
2022:
2014:
2009:
2003:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1985:
1977:
1968:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1949:
1947:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1918:secure Norway
1914:
1912:
1911:coup de grâce
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1874:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1855:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1826:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1810:
1808:
1802:
1800:
1799:Faroe Islands
1796:
1792:
1788:
1782:
1779:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1754:
1752:
1748:
1745:and countess
1744:
1740:
1736:
1729:
1723:
1718:
1716:
1715:Swedish court
1712:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1684:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1634:Although the
1632:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1617:
1613:
1607:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1577:
1572:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1531:
1529:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1488:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1437:
1434:
1425:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1371:
1368:
1364:
1359:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1333:
1332:Prussian Army
1329:
1325:
1321:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1293:Battle of Ulm
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1266:Bavarian Army
1263:
1259:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1233:
1228:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1193:
1189:
1187:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1152:Désirée Clary
1145:
1140:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1063:Army of Italy
1060:
1056:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1032:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1013:
1010:
1006:
1001:
999:
992:
987:
978:
976:
975:Ancien Régime
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
930:
927:
925:
921:
920:French Empire
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
881:
876:
867:
864:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
828:
826:
822:
818:
814:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
790:generalissimo
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
766:
764:
760:
756:
752:
751:Désirée Clary
748:
744:
740:
739:French Empire
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
703:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
648:
641:
639:
636:
635:
633:
629:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
569:
567:
563:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
543:
541:
537:
531:
527:
524:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
500:
498:
494:
492:
488:
486:
482:
481:
479:
475:
472:
468:
467:Generalissimo
464:
461:
457:
453:
449:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
432:French Empire
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
414:
412:
408:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
384:
381:
377:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
353:
349:
346:
343:
341:
337:
330:
326:
322:
317:
313:
310:
307:
305:
301:
285:
284:Désirée Clary
280:
276:
272:
267:26 April 1844
266:
262:
259:
255:
246:
242:
238:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
201:
198:
192:
189:
186:
180:
174:
169:
166:
162:
158:
155:
152:
148:
144:
140:
137:
133:
130:
127:
123:
120:
117:
113:
105:
99:
95:
89:
88:
86:
82:
78:
74:
71:
67:
63:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
15106:Tore Evensen
15101:Ivar A. Skar
15031:King Carl IV
15026:King Oscar I
15020:
14836:
14768:Followed by
14762:Preceded by
14586:
14572:Lazare Hoche
14317:Phrygian cap
14262:Bastille Day
14176:Thomas Paine
14131:Edmund Burke
14126:Beaumarchais
14120:Les Lumières
14118:
13959:Joseph Fesch
13871:Pauline Léon
13841:Jacques Roux
13780:
13364:
12790:Lazare Hoche
12775:Paul Grenier
12745:Louis Desaix
12694:
12604:(8 Jul 1801)
12588:(9 Feb 1801)
12559:(3 Dec 1800)
12482:(5 Apr 1799)
12283:(6 Nov 1796)
12259:(8 Sep 1796)
12251:(4 Sep 1796)
12243:(3 Sep 1796)
12214:(5 Aug 1796)
12143:(2 Oct 1794)
12122:(1 Jun 1794)
11864:(9 Nov 1799)
11810:(4 Sep 1797)
11747:(1 Apr 1795)
11717:White Terror
11710:guillotined
11687:(5 Apr 1794)
11634:
11614:(2 Jun 1793)
11484:(3 Sep 1791)
11435:
11395:(2 Nov 1789)
11387:(5 Oct 1789)
11315:(5 May 1789)
11293:
11270:(7 Jun 1788)
11237:
11230:
11223:
11216:
11209:
11202:
11195:
11188:
11181:
11174:
11167:
11094:Grande Armée
11054:Bibliography
11038:Paris (1815)
10998:Paris (1814)
10983:Paris (1810)
10963:Finckenstein
10938:Campo Formio
10831:
10697:Rowland Hill
10683:military and
10563:military and
10536:Rocquencourt
10405:Saint-Dizier
10375:Bar-sur-Aube
10330:Mincio River
9825:Schöngrabern
9604:2nd Zaragoza
9544:1st Zaragoza
9498:Stralsund II
9347:Campo Tenese
9321:Schöngrabern
9306:Cape Ortegal
9256:Diamond Rock
9134:Papal States
8968:
8961:
8954:
8947:
8940:
8933:
8926:
8744:
8606:
8578:Charles XIII
8526:
8490:Hesse-Kassel
8488:
8484:Wittelsbach)
8402:
8393:Christian II
8385:
8378:
8371:
8364:
8347:
8338:Charles VIII
8330:
8323:
8316:
8307:Charles VIII
8299:
8282:
8276:
8267:Charles VIII
8259:
8253:
8236:
8219:
8172:
8169:Kalmar Union
8065:
8053:
7998:
7976:
7687:
7617:Frederick VI
7602:Christian VI
7597:Frederick IV
7582:Christian IV
7577:Frederick II
7534:Christian II
7516:
7482:Kalmar Union
7313:
7307:
7301:
7295:
7283:
7277:
7271:
7259:
7253:
7214:
7154:
7116:
7111:Gustaf Adolf
7109:
7102:
7095:
7088:
7081:
7075:
7074:
7057:
7052:Gustav Adolf
7050:
7043:
7036:
6985:
6981:
6977:
6973:
6776:King Oscar I
6754:
6474:
6470:
6466:
6448:Prince Oscar
6353:Queen Silvia
6191:Queen Louise
6057:Prince Eugen
6045:Prince Oscar
5943:Queen Sophia
5937:Queen Louise
5837:King Oscar I
5802:
5739:
5719:Lucien Murat
5717:
5711:
5702:
5697:
5674:
5655:8 March 1844
5652:
5645:
5638:
5621:
5581:
5577:, n°2, 2006.
5574:
5564:
5557:
5547:
5540:
5528:
5521:
5504:
5482:
5450:
5449:
5442:
5433:
5429:
5410:
5398:. Retrieved
5391:the original
5386:
5368:
5345:
5336:
5327:
5318:
5299:
5290:
5281:
5262:
5243:
5220:
5201:
5192:
5173:
5164:
5151:
5142:
5133:
5124:
5114:
5104:
5089:
5081:
5062:
5033:
5027:
5015:. Retrieved
5011:the original
5004:
4995:
4983:
4964:
4958:
4938:
4931:
4911:
4904:
4884:
4877:
4863:
4850:. Retrieved
4841:
4832:
4803:
4799:
4787:. Retrieved
4777:
4770:
4759:, retrieved
4750:
4741:
4731:
4725:
4717:
4713:
4695:
4691:
4683:
4667:
4659:
4645:
4637:
4623:
4612:
4570:. Retrieved
4561:
4552:
4543:
4532:
4505:. Retrieved
4496:
4487:
4475:. Retrieved
4466:
4457:
4445:
4433:
4426:Agius (2006)
4421:
4409:
4397:
4390:Scott (1962)
4385:
4376:
4364:
4352:. Retrieved
4343:
4317:
4305:
4298:Scott (1935)
4293:
4281:
4269:
4257:
4245:
4238:Scott (1988)
4233:
4221:
4209:
4200:
4188:
4181:Scott (1935)
4176:
4164:
4152:
4140:
4128:
4116:
4104:
4096:
4091:
4082:
4063:Scott (1988)
4031:
4019:
4007:. Retrieved
3998:
3964:
3952:
3940:. Retrieved
3911:
3901:
3895:
3883:
3856:. Retrieved
3841:
3817:. Retrieved
3808:
3799:
3787:
3775:
3763:
3751:
3739:
3732:Smith (2001)
3727:
3715:
3703:
3696:Scott (1962)
3691:
3679:
3667:
3655:
3643:
3634:
3625:
3613:
3601:
3559:
3547:
3535:
3493:
3481:
3472:
3466:
3459:Scott (1962)
3439:
3412:
3400:
3388:
3376:
3364:
3301:
3289:
3277:
3268:
3259:
3253:
3241:
3229:. Retrieved
3210:
3197:
3185:
3173:
3161:
3149:
3137:
3125:
3113:
3101:
3089:
3077:
3003:
2991:
2979:
2967:
2955:
2943:
2931:
2919:
2907:
2902:, p. 5.
2895:
2890:, p. 6.
2883:
2844:14 September
2842:. Retrieved
2838:
2828:
2821:Scott (1935)
2816:
2809:Scott (1935)
2804:
2797:Scott (1935)
2788:
2776:
2760:
2755:
2708:
2699:
2696:
2688:Jean Simmons
2677:
2675:
2666:
2664:
2655:Phrygian cap
2651:the Republic
2649:("Long live
2611:
2535:
2525:
2509:
2495:
2480:
2463:
2453:
2438:
2428:
2412:
2397:
2389:7 April 1805
2388:
2379:7 April 1805
2378:
2362:
2339:
2332:
2322:
2312:
2302:
2292:
2282:
2260:
2165:
2161:
2156:
2119:Lèse-majesté
2112:
2103:
2096:Hans Linstow
2088:Royal Palace
2081:
2076:Royal Palace
2065:
2061:
2041:
2035:
2031:
2025:
2020:
2018:
1988:
1950:
1926:
1915:
1910:
1875:
1856:
1827:
1811:
1807:declared war
1803:
1783:
1774:
1755:
1743:Magnus Brahe
1731:
1725:
1721:
1707:
1681:
1669:Swedish Army
1652:crown prince
1633:
1608:
1600:Frederick VI
1581:
1532:
1489:
1485:King of Rome
1477:
1454:
1438:
1430:
1403:
1372:
1360:
1336:
1317:
1274:
1258:Grande Armée
1255:
1236:
1205:
1185:
1182:
1167:
1149:
1106:
1079:
1052:
1033:
1029:
1014:
1002:
995:
962:
936:
928:
885:
865:
829:
793:
774:Crown Prince
767:
704:
691:
679:
655:
654:
539:Battles/wars
489:Governor of
483:Governor of
379:
357:Charles XIII
249:(1844-03-08)
247:8 March 1844
195:Succeeded by
172:
154:Lucien Murat
90:11 May 1818
36:
15143:1844 deaths
15138:1763 births
15091:Syver Hagen
15086:Ola Knutrud
14468:Roger Ducos
14186:Abbé Sieyès
14171:Montesquieu
14087:Social Club
14029:Jean Chouan
13919:Louis XVIII
13696:Roger Ducos
13666:Paul Barras
13633:Montagnards
13563:Abbé Sieyès
13366:monarchiens
13174:Netherlands
13103:(Hungarian)
13051:(Hungarian)
12967:French Navy
12893: [
12815:Jean Lannes
12672:French Army
12450:(1798–1802)
12421:(1798–1800)
12405:(1798–1801)
12135:Chouannerie
12096:(Pyrenees)
11961: [
11928:Chouannerie
11720:(Fall 1794)
11708:Robespierre
10922:War of 1812
10880:Gunboat War
10837:Louis XVIII
10592:Jean Lannes
10506:Quatre Bras
10496:San Germano
10446:Occhiobello
10335:Champaubert
10325:La Rothière
10249:San Marcial
10133:2nd Polotsk
10098:1st Polotsk
10083:Majadahonda
10023:Villagarcia
9952:Campo Maior
9740:Piave River
9665:Ciudad Real
9655:Villafranca
9524:Dos de Mayo
9473:Stralsund I
9225:18 Brumaire
9159:Netherlands
9057:Württemberg
8845:Poniatowski
8528:Frederick I
8517:Charles XII
8480:Zweibrücken
8478:Palatinate-
8380:Eric Trolle
8290:Christian I
8140:Mecklenburg
8020:Charles VII
7856:Anund Jacob
7607:Frederick V
7592:Christian V
7567:Frederick I
7524:Christian I
7512:Christopher
7195:Monarchs of
7129:Carl Philip
7118:Carl Gustaf
7070:Karl August
6168:Prince Erik
6114:Prince Carl
6051:Prince Carl
5475:Charles XIV
5451:Attribution
5202:Scandinavia
5017:21 December
4842:geneall.net
4761:21 February
3942:27 December
3858:27 December
3342:Bain (1911)
3231:11 November
2876:Bain (1911)
2702:Bestselling
2657:: a highly
2640:Mort au Roi
2472:, 1st Class
2233: [
2153:sarcophagus
2015:, Trondheim
1953:Alexander I
1766:Russian War
1625:Lutheranism
1260:overseeing
1186:coup d'état
1178:Roger Ducos
1117:Paul Barras
1094:Tagliamento
183:Preceded by
115:Predecessor
84:Coronations
58: 1843
15132:Categories
14075:Cordeliers
13989:Talleyrand
13914:Louis XVII
13776:Hébertists
13530:Jean Debry
13360:Feuillants
12989:Opposition
12885:Michel Ney
12307:(Dec 1796)
11915:Thionville
11818:(Dec 1797)
11791:(May 1796)
11783:5 Oct 1795
11760:Directoire
11640:(painting)
11543:(Sep 1792)
11527:(Jun 1792)
11360:Great Fear
11299:(Jan 1789)
11190:Revolution
11064:Casualties
10978:Schönbrunn
10953:Artlenburg
10702:John Moore
10607:Michel Ney
10476:Scapezzano
10466:Cesenatico
10410:Montmartre
10340:Montmirail
10274:Wartenburg
10229:Großbeeren
10088:Gorodechno
10078:Klyastitsy
10058:Saltanovka
9947:Casal Novo
9820:Hollabrunn
9805:Korneuburg
9599:Somosierra
9503:Copenhagen
9326:Austerlitz
9316:Dürenstein
9052:Westphalia
8995:and allies
8785:Kellermann
8745:Bernadotte
8617:Charles XV
8600:since 1818
8592:Bernadotte
8568:Gustav III
8512:Charles XI
8454:Charles IX
8404:Gustav (I)
8117:Eric "XII"
8102:Magnus III
8061:Knut Långe
7926:Blot-Sweyn
7846:Eric "VII"
7736:Haakon VII
7730:Since 1905
7698:Charles IV
7683:Charles II
7217:, disputed
7213:rulers in
7076:Carl Johan
6541:Bernadotte
6539:; and the
5223:. London:
5055:References
4990:# 52033733
2578:Pontecorvo
2576:Prince of
2340:He became
2117:after the
2104:Slottsgate
1931:, adopted
1890:Großbeeren
1770:Riksdalers
1762:Gustav III
1640:effrontery
1576:Norrköping
1574:Statue in
1560:Schönbrunn
1455:After the
1410:Königsberg
1367:St. Helena
1107:After the
1005:gasconades
953:, Vienne,
924:Napoleon I
904:prosecutor
743:Austerlitz
410:Allegiance
359:(adoptive)
345:Bernadotte
230:1763-01-26
15071:Carl Kaas
14486:Ministers
14401:Directors
13909:Louis XVI
13904:Charles X
13555:The Plain
13466:Girondins
13406:Lafayette
13067:(Walloon)
13049:Pál Kray
13025:(Walloon)
12567:(1800–02)
12418:Quasi-War
11877:Consulate
11763:(1795–99)
11218:Consulate
11211:Directory
11028:Casalanza
11003:Tauroggen
10958:Pressburg
10943:Lunéville
10848:conflicts
10681:Coalition
10531:La Suffel
10481:Tolentino
10365:Montereau
10350:Vauchamps
10299:Bornhöved
10254:Dennewitz
10199:Tarragona
10148:Chashniki
10048:Salamanca
9972:Tarragona
9896:Barquilla
9850:Almonacid
9810:Stockerau
9780:Stralsund
9750:2nd Porto
9730:Ebelsberg
9700:Abensberg
9670:1st Porto
9630:Castellón
9614:Benavente
9579:Valmaseda
9493:Friedland
9488:Heilsberg
9458:Ostrołęka
9448:Mohrungen
9382:Magdeburg
9311:Amstetten
9296:Trafalgar
9281:Elchingen
9266:Wertingen
9164:Brunswick
9089:Coalition
8800:MacDonald
8755:Bessières
8664:Norwegian
8556:1751–1818
8547:Oldenburg
8500:1654–1751
8464:Christina
8449:Sigismund
8427:1523–1654
8227:Eric XIII
8210:Eric XIII
8200:Eric XIII
8185:1389–1523
8148:1364–1389
8122:Magnus IV
8112:Magnus IV
8090:1250–1364
8067:Eric "XI"
8055:Eric "XI"
8006:Magnus II
7885:1160–1161
7677:1814–1905
7644:Only 1814
7561:1524–1814
7518:Charles I
7496:1387–1523
6527:, of the
5698:New title
5473:(1911). "
5400:9 January
5001:"Désirée"
4572:26 August
4507:14 August
4477:14 August
2653:") and a
1894:Dennewitz
1822:Stralsund
1791:Greenland
1616:Stockholm
1592:Charlotte
1556:Catalonia
1418:Mohrungen
1389:Corps to
1387:Blücher's
1328:Auerstädt
1208:Louisiana
1133:tricolour
1055:Directory
959:Île de Ré
955:Marseille
912:lay abbot
684:Norwegian
454:1780–1844
389:Signature
254:Stockholm
173:In office
150:Successor
125:Successor
106:, Norway)
96:, Sweden)
14688:Interior
14269:Panthéon
14257:Muscadin
14252:Marianne
14191:Voltaire
14070:Jacobins
14063:Factions
13603:Mirabeau
13059:(French)
11953:Jemappes
11937:Dauphiné
11420:Nobility
11232:Journals
11225:Glossary
11204:Republic
11176:Timeline
11099:Uniforms
11013:Chaumont
10931:Treaties
10632:Joseph I
10572:Napoleon
10516:Waterloo
10456:Casaglia
10420:Toulouse
10304:Sehested
10279:Bidassoa
10259:2nd Kulm
10244:1st Kulm
10234:Katzbach
10224:Sorauren
10219:Pyrenees
10184:Castalla
10168:Berezina
10158:Smoliani
10128:Tarutino
10113:Borodino
10103:Valutino
10093:Smolensk
10063:Ostrovno
10033:Maguilla
9997:Valencia
9987:Saguntum
9835:Talavera
9715:Ratisbon
9705:Landshut
9680:Bergisel
9675:Medellín
9589:Espinosa
9549:Valencia
9422:Czarnowo
9392:Pasewalk
9387:Prenzlau
9362:Saalfeld
9301:Caldiero
9271:Günzburg
9149:Sardinia
9124:Portugal
8850:Sérurier
8840:Pérignon
8795:Lefebvre
8750:Berthier
8740:Augereau
8716:Marshals
8627:Gustaf V
8622:Oscar II
8444:John III
8439:Eric XIV
8434:Gustav I
8192:Margaret
8175:indicate
8097:Valdemar
8044:Eric "X"
8029:Boleslaw
7950:Magnus I
7746:Harald V
7703:Oscar II
7507:Eric III
7502:Margaret
7227:872–1387
7134:Victoria
6525:Gustav I
6387:Children
6249:Children
6149:Children
6032:Children
5984:Children
5889:Children
5830:Children
5552:in JSTOR
4852:9 August
4846:Archived
4822:Archived
4811:Archived
4789:13 March
4783:Archived
4755:archived
4703:Archived
4676:Archived
4653:Archived
4631:Archived
4566:Archived
4501:Archived
4471:Archived
4348:Archived
4003:Archived
3936:Archived
3813:Archived
3225:Archived
2715:See also
2445:Russia:
2274:Sweden:
2247:National
2151:porphyry
2084:Storting
2021:de facto
1797:and the
1673:Henry IV
1523:Raasdorf
1509:Aderklaa
1433:Cossacks
1344:Naumburg
1339:Dornburg
1297:Salzburg
1164:Jacobins
1146:, France
1098:Gradisca
1019:. After
1009:Austrian
951:Grenoble
947:Besançon
892:province
882:, France
847:, where
794:de facto
753:, whose
731:Napoleon
705:Born in
515:IX Corps
477:Commands
376:Lutheran
372:Religion
15008:of the
14601:Finance
14519:Justice
14151:Diderot
13897:Figures
13782:Enragés
13488:Father
13199:Prussia
13131:Britain
13080:(Saxon)
13038:(Swiss)
13005:Austria
10846:Related
10425:Bayonne
10390:Craonne
10360:Mormant
10320:Brienne
10294:Nivelle
10284:Leipzig
10239:Dresden
10209:Vitoria
10194:Bautzen
10163:Krasnoi
10108:Mesoten
10068:Vitebsk
10028:Almaraz
10018:Badajoz
9977:Albuera
9962:Almeida
9957:Sabugal
9942:Redinha
9932:Barrosa
9911:Bussaco
9906:Almeida
9886:Astorga
9855:Tamames
9815:Gefrees
9770:Alcañiz
9710:Eckmühl
9640:Corunna
9609:Sahagún
9574:Zornoza
9569:Vimeiro
9539:Cabezón
9463:Kolberg
9432:Pułtusk
9427:Golymin
9417:Hamelin
9397:Stettin
9357:Schleiz
9202:Prelude
9194:battles
9169:Hanover
9114:Prussia
9104:Austria
9042:Bavaria
9022:Etruria
9017:Holland
8989:France,
8982:gerents
8835:Oudinot
8820:Mortier
8810:Masséna
8805:Marmont
8780:Jourdan
8775:Grouchy
8718:of the
8612:Oscar I
8355:John II
8177:regents
8173:Italics
7975:·
7973:Sverker
7917:Halsten
7902:Halsten
7892:Stenkil
7875:Stenkil
7693:Oscar I
7315:Ælfgifu
7215:italics
7155:italics
5814:Spouses
5690:Oscar I
5626:. 1905.
5495::
5481:(ed.).
5468::
4354:14 June
4009:14 June
3819:14 June
2704:author
2679:Désirée
2667:Désirée
2504:of the
2500:Spain:
2405:Denmark
2348:Foreign
2211:Swedish
2178:Honours
2172:Oscar I
2100:Oscar I
2078:in Oslo
1898:Leipzig
1882:Oudinot
1863:Bautzen
1795:Iceland
1658:of the
1552:Scheldt
1547:Holland
1539:Antwerp
1519:Masséna
1450:Pasłęka
1446:Spanden
1395:Ratekau
1320:Prussia
1291:in the
1247:Hanover
1034:At the
1025:Fleurus
1021:Jourdan
973:in the
943:Corsica
825:Leipzig
817:Britain
810:warring
660:Swedish
510:I Corps
491:Ansbach
485:Hanover
469:of the
325:Swedish
297:
289:
129:Oscar I
14637:Police
13890:Others
13229:Russia
12663:France
12328:(1797)
12198:(1796)
11933:Vendée
11910:Verdun
11737:1795–6
11680:Danton
11239:Museum
11169:Causes
11023:Mantua
10973:Cintra
10968:Tilsit
10948:Amiens
10486:Ancona
10471:Pesaro
10441:Panaro
10370:Orthez
10355:Garris
10269:Roßlau
10264:Göhrde
10204:Luckau
10189:Lützen
10153:Vyazma
10123:Burgos
10118:Moscow
10073:Kobryn
9982:Usagre
9937:Pombal
9927:Gebora
9800:Wagram
9760:Tarvis
9735:Girona
9695:Raszyn
9685:Sacile
9594:Tudela
9584:Burgos
9564:Roliça
9559:Bailén
9478:Mileto
9468:Danzig
9407:Lübeck
9372:Erfurt
9291:Verona
9174:Nassau
9154:Sweden
9144:Persia
9129:Sicily
9109:Russia
9091:forces
9074:Persia
9047:Saxony
9032:Naples
9002:France
8980:Belli-
8865:Victor
8860:Suchet
8815:Moncey
8790:Lannes
8765:Davout
8155:Albert
8126:Haakon
8107:Birger
8082:Bjälbo
8049:John I
7936:Philip
7761:Regent
7741:Olav V
7306:&
7300:&
7282:&
7276:&
7258:&
7198:Norway
7124:Bertil
7104:Gustaf
7065:Gustav
7038:Gustav
5712:Vacant
5680:Norway
5651:
5567:, 1981
5477:". In
5462:
5417:
5352:
5306:
5269:
5250:
5231:
5208:
5180:
5096:
5069:
5040:
4971:
4946:
4919:
4892:
3849:
3217:
2771:p. 40.
2767:
2659:ironic
2502:Knight
1878:Berlin
1859:Lützen
1648:Örebro
1496:Saxons
1399:Lübeck
1391:Lübeck
1356:Dupont
1348:Apolda
1309:Lannes
1281:Munich
1277:Davout
1197:Vendée
1174:Sieyès
1129:Vienna
1123:, the
1090:Istria
1086:Friuli
1082:Mantua
922:under
916:Sireix
849:Norway
813:Russia
755:sister
672:Norway
565:Awards
364:Mother
351:Father
278:Spouse
264:Burial
258:Sweden
70:Norway
14347:Films
13264:Spain
12897:]
11965:]
11958:Namur
11943:Lille
11920:Valmy
11089:Films
10521:Wavre
10511:Ligny
10501:Gaeta
10461:Ronco
10451:Carpi
10415:Paris
10385:Reims
10289:Hanau
9881:Cádiz
9860:Ocaña
9845:Ölper
9790:María
9755:Wörgl
9745:Grijó
9645:Valls
9635:Uclés
9529:Bruch
9453:Eylau
9377:Halle
9352:Maida
9342:Gaeta
9192:Major
9119:Spain
9079:Spain
9012:Italy
8855:Soult
8825:Murat
8760:Brune
8672:Also
8662:Also
8656:Also
7828:Munsö
7776:Also
7770:Also
7764:Also
7097:Oscar
7083:Oscar
5653:Died:
5646:Born:
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3207:(PDF)
2747:Notes
2515:Baden
2237:]
2133:Death
1818:Rügen
1739:Brahe
1677:Oscar
1504:Dupas
1383:Murat
1379:Halle
1352:Saale
1305:Soult
1113:Udine
1071:Milan
1044:Rhine
908:Boeil
896:Béarn
711:Béarn
380:prev.
340:House
319:Names
304:Issue
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12532:1800
12439:1799
12386:1798
12317:1797
12187:1796
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11018:Kiel
11008:Ried
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10380:Laon
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9795:Graz
9785:Raab
9623:1809
9517:1808
9441:1807
9335:1806
9249:1805
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4890:ISBN
4854:2018
4791:2020
4763:2020
4574:2021
4509:2018
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3233:2018
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2158:say:
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1959:and
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459:Rank
244:Died
222:Born
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