584:
carriageways and, in the
Republic of Ireland, are also used on hard shoulders. Red markers — These are found by the hard shoulder on motorways and at the edge of the running surface on other roads. They are also occasionally used to indicate a no-entry road and when traveling down the wrong way of the motorway/dual carriageway. Green markers — These are used where slip-roads leave and join the main carriageway on dual carriageways. In some countries, they are also used across the entrances of minor roads or accesses onto major single carriageway roads or lay-bys. Blue markers — Are used to indicate the entrance to police reserved slip-roads (these do not lead anywhere, they are to allow police to park and monitor motorway traffic). The exception to the above rules are:
597:
metres (33 ft). On the road shoulders a red shining cat's eye is placed every 10 metres (33 ft). On roadways separated by double yellow lines, a yellow cat's eye is placed inside the double yellow lines every 10 metres (33 ft). Before speed bumps, a series of cat's eyes are placed shining white to the oncoming traffic and red to the car from the opposite direction. On pedestrian crossings, blue shining cat's eyes are placed after every zebra line. On roads with traffic lights, a series of red shining cat's eyes are placed 50 metres (160 ft) before traffic lights to make drivers slow down.
464:
511:
168:
27:
262:
229:
124:
572:
497:, these markings are augmented by retroreflective posts along the edge of the road (white reflectors on the left, yellow reflectors on the right when on a left turning bend). Bridges are similarly marked with retro-reflective markings in diagonal bands of white and black (to the left) and yellow and black (to the right).
579:
In almost all
European countries, cat eye road studs will include reflective lenses of some kind. By contrast to the UK where use of cat's eyes is widespread, in Continental Europe, cat's eyes are rarely used as a permanent fixture. Most appear white or gray during daylight; the colors discussed here
411:
Also seen during motorway repair work are plastic traffic pillars that are inserted into the socket of a retractable cat's eye rather than being free-standing. These are often used in conjunction with two rows of the temporary cat's eyes to divide traffic moving in opposite directions during motorway
252:
A key feature of the cat's eye is the flexible rubber dome which is occasionally deformed by the passage of traffic. A fixed rubber wiper cleans the surface of the reflectors as they sink below the surface of the road (the base tends to hold water after a shower of rain, making this process even more
587:
Fluorescent yellow markers — These are used to indicate temporary lanes during roadworks on major roads and are glued to the road surface; they are never embedded in it. Any painted markings will be removed from the road surface if they contradict the markers. They are fluorescent yellow in colour,
407:
These units are not very visible in daylight and are generally used in conjunction with traditionally painted lines. Temporary cat's eyes with just a reflective strip are often used during motorway repair work. These are typically day glow green/yellow so they are easily visible in daylight as well
454:
on 19 December 2000, which alert the driver to potential ice on the road when a low enough temperature, provisionally set at 3 °C (37 °F), is reached. Proposed enhancements in 2013 were to change the standard white light to amber for four seconds after the passing of a vehicle, or red if
244:
housing. This is the kind that marks the centre of the road, with one pair of cat's eyes showing in each direction. A single-ended form has become widely used in other colours at road margins and as lane dividers. Cat's eyes are particularly valuable in fog and are largely resistant to damage from
492:
and cat's eyes are used (typically there is one cat's eye followed by three Botts' dots places in every ten-metre stretch of highway). The colour pattern on New
Zealand roads is white or yellow cat's eyes along the centre of the road (yellow indicating overtaking is not permitted), and in certain
596:
In
Lebanon, cat's eyes are widely used on most freeways, highways and roadways. On freeways and highways, every one (or sometimes two) white stripes separating lanes is followed by a white shining cat's eye. On the edge of the road next to the median strip, a yellow cat's eye is placed every 10
471:
In
Ireland yellow cat's eyes are used on all hard shoulders, including motorways (neither red nor blue cat's eyes are used). In addition, standalone reflector batons are often used on the verge of Irish roads. Green cat's eyes are used to alert motorists to upcoming junctions. There are limited
583:
White markers — for lane markings. When used on dual carriageways, motorways, or one-way roads, they may illuminate red on the reverse, to indicate drivers are traveling the wrong way. Yellow or amber markers — These are found next to the central reservation (US: median) on motorways and dual
588:
so they stand out in the day, but reflect white light at night. Where used, they are much more numerous and dense than standards markers, as they are not used in conjunction with painted lines. They also appear yellow on the edges but reflect red on the left side or amber on the right
828:
285:
were removed in the nearby suburb of Ambler Thorn, he realised that he had been using the polished steel rails to navigate at night. The name "cat's eye" comes from Shaw's inspiration for the device: the
580:
are the color of light they reflect. Because of their inconspicuousness during the day, they are always used in conjunction with painted retro-reflective lines; they are never seen on their own.
963:
480:
The closest equivalent in the United States is the
Stimsonite retroreflective raised pavement marker. Stimsonite markers are made out of plastic, not metal, and were invented in 1963.
400:
Red and amber cat's eyes denote lines that should not be crossed. Red is used for the left side of a dual carriageway, while amber is used for the right side of a dual carriageway.
435:
had suspended the programme. The suspension appeared to have been lifted by 2015, when LED cat's eyes began to be installed along newly re-paved sections of the A1 and A1(M) in
847:
493:
places red dots along the hard shoulder or left edge of a motorway. Single blue cat's eyes are used to indicate the location of fire hydrants. In rural settings and along
625:. Investigators acknowledged that the cat's eye bodies occasionally came loose, but added that such an accident was previously unheard of. A question was asked in the
472:
installations of actively powered cats eyes, which flash white light, on particularly dangerous sections of road such as the single carriageway sections of the N11.
419:
to traffic, have been introduced on roads regarded as particularly dangerous at locations throughout the world. However, shortly after one such installation in
488:
In New
Zealand, roads are generally marked with white reflective cat's eyes every 10-metres along the centreline, occasionally on high volume roads; both
898:
685:"Inventions that prove size doesn't matter; Ross Reyburn takes a look at some of the little things that have changed lives in big ways over the century"
325:
then in use demonstrated the value of Shaw's invention and helped popularise their mass use in the UK. After the war, they received firm backing from a
713:
609:
in
Hampshire, England, a van dislodged the steel body of a cat's eye which flew through the windscreen of a following car and hit electronic musician
253:
efficient). The rubber dome is protected from impact damage by metal "kerbs" – which also give tactile and audible feedback for wandering drivers.
953:
290:
reflecting from the eyes of a cat. In 1934, he patented his invention (patents Nos. 436,290 and 457,536), and on 15 March 1935, founded
1056:
985:
236:
The cat's eye design originated in the UK in 1934 and is today used all over the world. The original form consisted of two pairs of
1190:
1298:
1243:
872:
91:
1085:
841:
63:
1128:
1044:, said: Cat's eyes sometimes work loose, but I have never come across an accident like this in my 28 years with the police.
799:
532:
189:
44:
427:
reported that the devices, which flash at an almost imperceptibly fast rate of 100 times a second, could possibly set off
786:
70:
340:
In 2006, Cat's eyes were voted one of
Britain's top 10 design icons in the Great British Design Quest organised by the
743:
558:
494:
215:
110:
540:
306:
lens had been invented six years earlier for use in advertising signs by
Richard Hollins Murray, an accountant from
197:
2554:
2508:
77:
1638:
1603:
1090:
1002:
2544:
2513:
1628:
1613:
1228:
536:
193:
48:
2490:
2480:
1717:
1608:
1253:
902:
59:
721:
2539:
2485:
2299:
1824:
1687:
1643:
1203:
2534:
2206:
2096:
1293:
633:
conducted an investigation into the "long-term integrity and performance" of various types of road stud.
606:
1384:
2495:
2314:
1170:
394:
2142:
2475:
2201:
2196:
2171:
1288:
1208:
1121:
521:
467:
M9 motorway in Carlow, Ireland, with cat's eyes on the road surface and retroreflectors on barriers
326:
291:
178:
525:
389:
White is used to indicate the centre line of a single carriageway road or the lane markings of a
295:
278:
182:
37:
385:
In the United Kingdom, different colours of cat's eyes are used to denote different situations:
2549:
2408:
2375:
1712:
1682:
1623:
1588:
1263:
151:
84:
2370:
2091:
1707:
1598:
1198:
800:"Long list unveiled for national vote on public's favourite example of Great British Design"
2413:
2111:
1834:
1732:
1618:
1218:
357:
287:
8:
2239:
1958:
1914:
1802:
1654:
1593:
1349:
1334:
1329:
1223:
1157:
1114:
958:
2269:
2083:
2068:
1879:
1814:
1737:
1722:
1667:
1571:
1505:
1495:
1466:
1403:
1273:
1238:
924:
314:
463:
2329:
2132:
2063:
2013:
1752:
1633:
1471:
1443:
1428:
1413:
1283:
1278:
1268:
1034:
837:
361:
1086:
Reflecting Roadstuds page at the Retroreflective Equipment Manufacturers Association
876:
2186:
2161:
1948:
1864:
1859:
1774:
1577:
1532:
1374:
1180:
1175:
1041:
622:
390:
334:
232:
Cat's eye glass body and principle of operation; back (left) face is mirror-coated
2423:
2383:
2294:
2284:
2254:
2244:
2229:
2191:
2147:
1973:
1963:
1894:
1510:
1213:
1100:
813:
655:
630:
432:
369:
330:
140:
2393:
2355:
2324:
2304:
2289:
2101:
1983:
1525:
1453:
1324:
1319:
1258:
1248:
1140:
747:
626:
489:
365:
303:
237:
415:
Solar-powered cat's eyes known as solar road studs and showing a red or amber
2528:
2403:
2360:
2309:
2249:
2214:
2181:
2048:
1998:
1988:
1889:
1819:
1809:
1702:
1672:
1561:
1520:
1438:
1314:
1148:
768:
The History of British Roadsigns, Department for Transport, 2nd Edition, 1999
684:
440:
436:
428:
345:
307:
2428:
2418:
2319:
2274:
2234:
2224:
2219:
2176:
2058:
2053:
1978:
1904:
1874:
1766:
1747:
1677:
1515:
1423:
1165:
318:
265:
Double-ended cat's eye is Shaw's original design and marks road centre-line
147:
403:
Green indicates a line that may be crossed, such as a slip road or lay-by.
2398:
2043:
2033:
2008:
1933:
1844:
1797:
1792:
1742:
1547:
1479:
1448:
143:
2388:
2264:
2137:
2073:
2038:
2018:
1899:
1869:
1839:
1779:
1727:
1379:
1096:
Cat's eyes website with information about a previous patent application
270:
1010:
408:
as in darkness; they can then be used on their own for lane division.
2259:
2106:
1993:
1953:
1943:
1938:
1829:
1697:
1692:
1542:
1461:
1418:
1369:
1359:
1354:
1344:
451:
322:
274:
241:
1079:
510:
167:
26:
2452:
2447:
2279:
2028:
2023:
1884:
1849:
1787:
1433:
1408:
1233:
929:
610:
455:
the following vehicle is too close or traffic ahead is stationary.
349:
246:
261:
2350:
2334:
2003:
1854:
1364:
1339:
1176:
Dual carriageway / Divided highway / Expressway
1106:
1061:
629:
about the safety of cat's eyes in light of the incident, and the
618:
614:
2457:
2127:
1537:
1500:
954:"Intelligent cat's eye gleams at bright market prospects ahead"
613:, who was a passenger, in the face, killing her instantly. The
446:
Flashing blue LED cat's eyes were demonstrated on the TV show
228:
420:
310:
and, as Shaw acknowledged, they had contributed to his idea.
123:
1137:
353:
282:
1095:
901:. Government News Network. 6 November 2006. Archived from
1968:
571:
424:
416:
341:
1057:"Parliamentary Business – Cat's Eyes safety inspections"
986:
Marking the edge of the road with markers and cat’s eyes
575:
Road-mounted yellow cat's eyes mark road works (Germany)
1101:
Cat's eyes: How a pub trip made the world's roads safer
899:"Cats eyes to improve safety on A65, North Yorkshire"
656:"How a trip to the pub made the world's roads safer"
1065:. House of Lords. 13 December 1999. col. WA20.
836:. London: The Stationery Office. 2018. p. 48.
337:. Eventually, their use spread all over the world.
51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
16:Retroreflective safety device used in road marking
2526:
875:. Astucia Traffic Safety Systems. Archived from
708:
706:
380:
1122:
703:
539:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
240:set into a white rubber dome, mounted in a
196:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1129:
1115:
746:. Reflecting Roadstuds Ltd. Archived from
678:
676:
559:Learn how and when to remove this message
216:Learn how and when to remove this message
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
570:
462:
260:
227:
122:
951:
682:
605:On the morning of 25 April 1999 on the
2527:
1007:Fuller Up, the Dead Musician Directory
966:from the original on 11 September 2009
673:
2225:Median / Central reservation
1110:
500:
537:adding citations to reliable sources
504:
194:adding citations to reliable sources
161:
49:adding citations to reliable sources
20:
925:"New cat's eye 'could trigger fit'"
298:to manufacture the items. The name
13:
2143:Risk compensation (road transport)
1136:
990:New Zealand Driving Test Resources
952:Osborne, Alistair (1 April 2002).
814:"Concorde voted the UK's top icon"
777:British patent 289619 7 April 1927
321:(1939–1945) and the shuttered car
14:
2566:
1073:
375:
2509:Glossary of road transport terms
509:
475:
166:
150:and was the first of a range of
25:
1062:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
1049:
1025:
995:
978:
945:
917:
891:
865:
820:
269:The inventor of cat's eyes was
36:needs additional citations for
806:
792:
780:
771:
762:
736:
714:"The day Percy saw the light!"
683:Reyburn, Ross (26 June 1999).
648:
483:
157:
1:
2491:Pavement performance modeling
2481:International roughness index
827:"Chapter 5 - Road Markings".
641:
2486:Present serviceability index
2280:Sidewalk / Pavement
1825:Diamond grinding of pavement
787:United States patent 1625905
381:United Kingdom and Hong Kong
292:Reflecting Roadstuds Limited
7:
2458:Underpass / Tunnel
2453:Overpass / Flyover
2207:High-occupancy vehicle lane
2097:Driving under the influence
1171:Freeway / Motorway
992:. Retrieved 17 August 2017.
127:Original form cat's eye, UK
10:
2571:
1385:Highway systems by country
1038:. 2 May 1999. p. 15.
591:
458:
423:in the autumn of 2006 the
256:
2504:
2496:Granular base equivalency
2466:
2437:
2343:
2315:Traffic signal preemption
2160:
2120:
2082:
1924:
1913:
1765:
1723:Right-in/right-out (RIRO)
1652:
1629:Single-point urban (SPUI)
1569:
1560:
1488:
1393:
1307:
1189:
1156:
1147:
600:
2476:Pavement condition index
2202:High-occupancy toll lane
2197:Contraflow lane reversal
2172:Barrier transfer machine
1080:Reflecting Roadstuds Ltd
816:. BBC. 18 November 2016.
802:. BBC. 18 November 2016.
636:
348:, a list which included
302:is their trademark. The
2555:20th-century inventions
1330:Express-collector setup
1032:"Cat's eye killed DJ".
279:Halifax, West Yorkshire
152:raised pavement markers
2514:Road types by features
2409:Raised pavement marker
2376:Constant-slope barrier
2300:Traffic directionality
2290:Street running railway
1713:Protected intersection
576:
468:
266:
233:
128:
2545:Road surface markings
2371:Concrete step barrier
1708:Offset T-intersection
691:. The Birmingham Post
574:
466:
327:Ministry of Transport
264:
231:
126:
60:"Cat's eye" road
2414:Road surface marking
2112:Single-vehicle crash
1835:Full depth recycling
1733:Seagull intersection
905:on 30 September 2007
830:Traffic Signs Manual
533:improve this section
358:Supermarine Spitfire
281:, England. When the
190:improve this section
45:improve this article
2540:Road infrastructure
2240:Pedestrian crossing
1803:Reinforced concrete
1639:Three-level diamond
1350:Two-lane expressway
1335:Farm-to-market road
959:The Daily Telegraph
853:on 15 December 2019
750:on 19 February 2009
448:Accident Black Spot
2535:English inventions
2270:Runaway truck ramp
2092:Driver's education
1880:Rubberized asphalt
1815:Crocodile cracking
1738:Split intersection
1506:Hierarchy of roads
1467:Single carriageway
1040:David Lydford, of
577:
501:Continental Europe
469:
267:
234:
129:
2522:
2521:
2330:Wide outside lane
2156:
2155:
2133:Automotive safety
2014:Road slipperiness
1761:
1760:
1609:Diverging diamond
1556:
1555:
1472:Single-track road
1414:Bicycle boulevard
1035:News of the World
843:978-0-11-553208-5
569:
568:
561:
329:committee led by
226:
225:
218:
121:
120:
113:
95:
2562:
2366:Cat's eye (road)
2187:Complete streets
1959:Dead Man's Curve
1922:
1921:
1860:Pavement milling
1775:Asphalt concrete
1718:Quadrant roadway
1659:
1581:
1567:
1566:
1533:Street hierarchy
1181:Elevated highway
1154:
1153:
1131:
1124:
1117:
1108:
1107:
1082:(Shaw's company)
1067:
1066:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1042:Hampshire Police
1029:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1009:. Archived from
999:
993:
982:
976:
975:
973:
971:
949:
943:
942:
940:
938:
933:. 2 January 2007
921:
915:
914:
912:
910:
895:
889:
888:
886:
884:
879:on 15 April 2012
869:
863:
862:
860:
858:
852:
846:. Archived from
835:
824:
818:
817:
810:
804:
803:
796:
790:
784:
778:
775:
769:
766:
760:
759:
757:
755:
740:
734:
733:
731:
729:
724:on 12 March 2004
720:. Archived from
710:
701:
700:
698:
696:
689:The Free Library
680:
671:
670:
668:
666:
652:
623:accidental death
564:
557:
553:
550:
544:
513:
505:
391:dual carriageway
362:K2 telephone box
335:Sir Arthur Young
221:
214:
210:
207:
201:
170:
162:
116:
109:
105:
102:
96:
94:
53:
29:
21:
2570:
2569:
2565:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2559:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2518:
2500:
2468:
2462:
2433:
2424:Traffic barrier
2384:F-Shape barrier
2339:
2295:Traffic calming
2255:Reversible lane
2245:Pedestrian zone
2230:Motorcycle lane
2192:Contraflow lane
2164:time allocation
2163:
2152:
2148:Underride guard
2116:
2078:
1964:Expansion joint
1926:
1916:
1909:
1895:Stamped asphalt
1757:
1688:Continuous flow
1661:
1657:
1656:
1648:
1582:
1578:grade-separated
1575:
1574:
1552:
1511:Private highway
1484:
1389:
1303:
1185:
1143:
1135:
1076:
1071:
1070:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1016:
1014:
1013:on 15 July 2017
1001:
1000:
996:
983:
979:
969:
967:
950:
946:
936:
934:
923:
922:
918:
908:
906:
897:
896:
892:
882:
880:
871:
870:
866:
856:
854:
850:
844:
833:
826:
825:
821:
812:
811:
807:
798:
797:
793:
785:
781:
776:
772:
767:
763:
753:
751:
742:
741:
737:
727:
725:
712:
711:
704:
694:
692:
681:
674:
664:
662:
654:
653:
649:
644:
639:
631:Highways Agency
603:
594:
565:
554:
548:
545:
530:
514:
503:
486:
478:
461:
433:Highways Agency
383:
378:
370:AEC Routemaster
331:James Callaghan
304:retroreflecting
259:
238:retroreflectors
222:
211:
205:
202:
187:
171:
160:
141:retroreflective
117:
106:
100:
97:
54:
52:
42:
30:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2568:
2558:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2511:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2472:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2441:
2439:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2394:Jersey barrier
2391:
2386:
2381:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2347:
2345:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2325:Unused highway
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2305:Traffic island
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2168:
2166:
2158:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2102:Drowsy driving
2099:
2094:
2088:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
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1984:Level crossing
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1683:Channelization
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1668:3-way junction
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1562:Road junctions
1558:
1557:
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1530:
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1528:
1526:business route
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1490:
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1454:Primitive road
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1325:County highway
1322:
1320:Collector road
1317:
1311:
1309:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1301:
1296:
1294:United Kingdom
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
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1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1229:Czech Republic
1226:
1221:
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1201:
1195:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1162:
1160:
1158:Limited-access
1151:
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1134:
1133:
1126:
1119:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1098:
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1083:
1075:
1074:External links
1072:
1069:
1068:
1048:
1024:
994:
977:
944:
916:
890:
873:"Case studies"
864:
842:
819:
805:
791:
779:
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735:
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646:
645:
643:
640:
638:
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627:House of Lords
602:
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567:
566:
517:
515:
508:
502:
499:
495:State Highways
485:
482:
477:
474:
460:
457:
429:epileptic fits
405:
404:
401:
398:
382:
379:
377:
376:Local practice
374:
366:World Wide Web
258:
255:
224:
223:
174:
172:
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159:
156:
119:
118:
33:
31:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2567:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2550:Traffic signs
2548:
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2407:
2405:
2404:Noise barrier
2402:
2400:
2397:
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2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
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2364:
2362:
2361:Cable barrier
2359:
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2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
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2318:
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2310:Traffic lanes
2308:
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2250:Refuge island
2248:
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2238:
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2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
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2215:Living street
2213:
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2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2182:Climbing lane
2180:
2178:
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2173:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2159:
2149:
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2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
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2090:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2084:Human factors
2081:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2049:Traffic light
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1999:Oversize load
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1989:Manhole cover
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
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1967:
1965:
1962:
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1820:Crushed stone
1818:
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1703:Michigan left
1701:
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1660:
1655:Intersections
1651:
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1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
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1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1604:Directional T
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1579:
1573:
1568:
1565:
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1559:
1549:
1546:
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1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1521:special route
1519:
1518:
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1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
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1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
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1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1439:Frontage road
1437:
1435:
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1427:
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1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
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1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1315:Arterial road
1313:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1300:
1299:United States
1297:
1295:
1292:
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1197:
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1188:
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1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1149:Types of road
1146:
1142:
1139:
1132:
1127:
1125:
1120:
1118:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1091:Shaw's patent
1089:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1052:
1045:
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1037:
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1008:
1004:
998:
991:
987:
981:
965:
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868:
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832:
831:
823:
815:
809:
801:
795:
789:26 April 1927
788:
783:
774:
765:
749:
745:
739:
723:
719:
718:Halifax Today
715:
709:
707:
690:
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624:
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598:
589:
585:
581:
573:
563:
560:
552:
542:
538:
534:
528:
527:
523:
518:This section
516:
512:
507:
506:
498:
496:
491:
481:
476:United States
473:
465:
456:
453:
449:
444:
442:
441:Tyne and Wear
438:
437:County Durham
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
413:
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402:
399:
396:
392:
388:
387:
386:
373:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
346:Design Museum
343:
338:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
311:
309:
308:Herefordshire
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
284:
280:
276:
272:
263:
254:
250:
248:
243:
239:
230:
220:
217:
209:
206:December 2023
199:
195:
191:
185:
184:
180:
175:This section
173:
169:
164:
163:
155:
153:
149:
145:
144:safety device
142:
138:
134:
125:
115:
112:
104:
101:December 2023
93:
90:
86:
83:
79:
76:
72:
69:
65:
62: –
61:
57:
56:Find sources:
50:
46:
40:
39:
34:This article
32:
28:
23:
22:
19:
2429:Traffic cone
2419:Rumble strip
2365:
2320:Truck bypass
2275:Shared space
2235:Passing lane
2220:Managed lane
2177:Bicycle lane
2059:Washboarding
2054:Traffic sign
1979:Hairpin turn
1748:Texas U-turn
1678:Box junction
1572:Interchanges
1516:Route number
1424:Country lane
1166:Bike freeway
1060:
1051:
1039:
1033:
1027:
1015:. Retrieved
1011:the original
1006:
997:
989:
980:
968:. Retrieved
957:
947:
935:. Retrieved
928:
919:
907:. Retrieved
903:the original
893:
881:. Retrieved
877:the original
867:
855:. Retrieved
848:the original
829:
822:
808:
794:
782:
773:
764:
752:. Retrieved
748:the original
738:
726:. Retrieved
722:the original
717:
693:. Retrieved
688:
663:. Retrieved
659:
650:
604:
595:
586:
582:
578:
555:
546:
531:Please help
519:
487:
479:
470:
447:
445:
414:
410:
406:
384:
339:
319:World War II
312:
299:
268:
251:
247:snow ploughs
235:
212:
203:
188:Please help
176:
148:road marking
136:
132:
130:
107:
98:
88:
81:
74:
67:
55:
43:Please help
38:verification
35:
18:
2467:Performance
2399:Kassel kerb
2356:Botts' dots
2344:Demarcation
2044:Storm drain
2009:Road debris
1934:Aquaplaning
1927:environment
1915:Road safety
1793:Cobblestone
1743:Superstreet
1548:Winter road
1496:Concurrency
1489:Other terms
1480:Sunken lane
1449:Main street
1394:Local roads
617:recorded a
607:M3 motorway
549:August 2019
490:Botts' dots
484:New Zealand
450:, aired on
412:roadworks.
158:Description
2529:Categories
2469:indicators
2438:Structures
2389:Guard rail
2265:Road verge
2138:Seat belts
2074:Snowsquall
2039:Speed bump
2019:Road train
1840:Glassphalt
1780:Bioasphalt
1753:Turnaround
1728:Roundabout
1658:(at-grade)
1624:Roundabout
1589:Cloverleaf
1444:Green lane
1380:Trunk road
1308:Main roads
1191:By country
1017:2 December
1003:"Kemistry"
883:13 October
642:References
323:headlights
283:tram-lines
271:Percy Shaw
71:newspapers
2260:Road diet
2162:Space and
2107:Road rage
1994:Oil spill
1954:Crosswind
1944:Black ice
1939:Avalanche
1865:Permeable
1698:Jughandle
1693:Hook turn
1599:Free-flow
1543:Toll road
1462:Side road
1419:Boulevard
1375:Super two
1370:Ring road
1345:Link road
1244:Hong Kong
1199:Australia
1141:hierarchy
744:"History"
520:does not
452:Channel 4
315:blackouts
275:Boothtown
242:cast iron
177:does not
137:road stud
133:cat's eye
2448:Causeway
2285:Shoulder
2121:Vehicles
2069:Whiteout
2029:Rockfall
2024:Roadkill
1949:Bleeding
1925:Road and
1885:Sealcoat
1810:Corduroy
1798:Concrete
1788:Chipseal
1767:Surfaces
1619:Raindrop
1434:Driveway
1429:Dead end
1409:Backroad
1360:2+2 road
1355:2+1 road
1279:Portugal
1269:Pakistan
970:24 April
964:Archived
937:15 March
930:BBC News
909:15 March
857:25 April
754:24 April
728:24 April
665:27 April
660:BBC News
611:Kemistry
431:and the
395:motorway
368:and the
350:Concorde
344:and the
288:eyeshine
146:used in
2351:Bollard
2335:Woonerf
2064:Washout
2004:Pothole
1917:factors
1905:Texture
1875:Plastic
1855:Macadam
1644:Trumpet
1594:Diamond
1365:Parkway
1340:Highway
1254:Ireland
1234:Germany
1224:Croatia
1204:Belgium
695:7 March
619:verdict
615:coroner
592:Lebanon
541:removed
526:sources
459:Ireland
300:Catseye
296:Halifax
257:History
198:removed
183:sources
85:scholar
2444:Bridge
2128:Airbag
1900:Tarmac
1845:Gravel
1673:Bowtie
1614:Parclo
1538:Stroad
1501:Detour
1476:Street
1404:Avenue
1289:Taiwan
1274:Poland
1239:Greece
1214:Canada
1209:Brazil
840:
601:Safety
87:
80:
73:
66:
58:
1870:Plank
1784:Brick
1634:Stack
1400:Alley
1284:Spain
1264:Nepal
1259:Italy
1249:India
1219:China
1103:, BBC
851:(PDF)
834:(PDF)
637:Notes
421:Essex
372:bus.
139:is a
92:JSTOR
78:books
2380:Curb
2211:Lane
1974:Ford
1890:Sett
1830:Dirt
1458:Road
1138:Road
1019:2008
972:2013
939:2008
911:2008
885:2009
859:2020
838:ISBN
756:2013
730:2013
697:2020
667:2024
524:any
522:cite
443:.
439:and
354:Mini
333:and
313:The
181:any
179:cite
64:news
2034:Rut
1969:Fog
1850:Ice
988:",
621:of
535:by
425:BBC
417:LED
393:or
342:BBC
317:of
294:in
273:of
192:by
154:.
135:or
47:by
2531::
1059:.
1005:.
962:.
956:.
927:.
716:.
705:^
687:.
675:^
658:.
364:,
360:,
356:,
352:,
277:,
249:.
131:A
1580:)
1576:(
1130:e
1123:t
1116:v
1021:.
984:"
974:.
941:.
913:.
887:.
861:.
758:.
732:.
699:.
669:.
562:)
556:(
551:)
547:(
543:.
529:.
397:.
219:)
213:(
208:)
204:(
200:.
186:.
114:)
108:(
103:)
99:(
89:·
82:·
75:·
68:·
41:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
