29:
41:
310:
The climate of the highlands is humid and tropical. Rainfall exceeds 2500 mm annually in most of the highlands, and can exceed 7000 mm annually in the wettest areas. Temperatures average 18º C in the highlands, generally decreasing with elevation. Frosts are rare below 2800 meters elevation.
861:). The ecoregion, together with the Central Range sub-alpine grasslands, constitutes the Central Papuan Mountains endemic bird area. Some of the near-endemic birds also range into the sub-alpine grasslands, and/or into other New Guinea mountain ranges.
314:
The region of heaviest rainfall is called the midaltitude fringe high rainfall zone, which extends along the south slope of the middle
Central Range. It is characterized by continuously heavy rainfall, with more than 50 mm every week. The upper
396:
High mountain forest begins at approximately 2500 metres elevation, and extends to the tree line, in places extending to 3,900 m in the higher-elevation subalpine grasslands ecoregion. Characteristic trees are conifers – species of
255:
The ecoregion includes the montane rain forests of the
Central Range, or Central Cordillera, between 1000 and 3000 metres elevation. The Central Range extends east and west across New Guinea, with the western portion of the range in
929:
934:
944:
939:
949:
914:
283:
is at the western end of the
Central Range. The isthmus' relatively low elevation (160 metres) separates the montane flora and fauna of the Central Range from those of the highlands on the
247:, which extends along the spine of the island. The montane rain forests of the ecoregion are distinct from the surrounding lowland forests, and are home to many endemic plants and animals.
954:
909:
319:
watershed, on the south slope of the highlands near the boundary between Papua New Guinea and
Indonesia, is the wettest part of the highlands, with over 7000 mm of rainfall annually.
330:
Lower montane forest extends from the lowland forest transition at approximately 1000 metres, up to 2,500 metres. Lower montane forest zone is characterized by trees in the
96:
1182:
1072:
Hyndman, D. C., & Menzies, J. I. (1990). Rain
Forests of the Ok Tedi Headwaters, New Guinea: An Ecological Analysis. Journal of Biogeography, 17(3), 241–273.
172:
233:
73:
294:
Below 1000 metres, the montane forests transition to separate lowland forest ecoregions to the north, south, and west of the
Central Range. The
1177:
1137:
381:), either in mixed stands with trees of other species or in pure stands, particularly on ridge crests and upper slopes. Mosses and other
327:
There are three broad vegetation zones in the
Central Range – lower montane forest, upper montane forest, and high mountain forest.
106:
1157:
899:
111:
1046:
Jared
Diamond, K. David Bishop, Richard Sneider "An avifaunal double suture zone at the Bird's Neck Isthmus of New Guinea,"
1162:
924:
429:(Myrtaceae). High mountain forest generally has a thin canopy, lower than the upper montane forests, and thick understory.
299:
91:
805:
348 bird species live in the ecoregion. 55 bird species are endemic or near endemic. Endemic bird species include the
1152:
889:
802:). Three murids - the large leptomys, eastern shrew mouse, and lesser small-toothed rat – are critically endangered.
1172:
1147:
1142:
919:
101:
904:
854:
1084:
Read, Jennifer and
Geoffrey S. Hope (1996). "Ecology of Nothofagus forests of New Guinea and New Caledonia." in
739:
651:
779:
643:
276:
which span the
Indonesia–Papua New Guinea border, and the Central and Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea.
209:
441:, and bats. 44 species are endemic or near-endemic species whose ranges extend into neighboring ecoregions.
560:
552:
747:
584:
497:
691:
576:
336:
795:
787:
659:
1167:
884:
846:
675:
635:
284:
1088:, Veblen, Thomas T, Robert S. Hill, and Jennifer Read, eds. Yale University Press, March 27, 1996.
838:
600:
568:
544:
481:
707:
619:
513:
355:
280:
373:
Upper montane forest occurs above 1500 m and is characterized by various evergreen species of
894:
608:
529:
489:
830:
763:
505:
366:
244:
872:, with nine endemic species, and the Hagen-Sepik-Wahgi Divide, with five endemic species.
8:
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814:
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56:
28:
865:
627:
457:
288:
61:
869:
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715:
465:
265:
473:
449:
444:
A range of Australasian tropical marsupials are native to the ecoregion, including
261:
160:
145:
989:
1120:
806:
771:
521:
1063:, Marshall, A. J. and Beehler, B. M., eds. pp.177-195. Periplus Editions, 2006.
731:
683:
347:
273:
269:
385:
cover the trees. The Central Range has the greatest diversity of species from
1131:
445:
316:
187:
174:
1119:"Central Papuan Mountains". Birdlife International. Accessed 4 August 2021.
411:
403:
342:
667:
421:
399:
374:
240:
1108:
Terrestrial Ecoregions of the Indo-Pacific: a Conservation Assessment.
1106:
Wikramanayake, Eric; Eric Dinerstein; Colby J. Loucks; et al. (2002).
1025:
437:
The ecoregion is home to 90 species of mammals, including marsupials,
1059:
Michael L. Prentice and Geoffrey S. Hope (2006) Climate of Papua, in
426:
415:
407:
351:
295:
257:
236:
140:
382:
331:
298:
is above 3000 metres elevation, above which are the high-elevation
155:
40:
1073:
438:
97:
Northern New Guinea lowland rain and freshwater swamp forests
68:
880:
14.3% of the ecoregion is in protected areas. They include:
682:). Near-endemic and limited-range native murids include the
33:
Mount Bosavi, Southern Highlands province, Papua New Guinea
540:
567:) – are endemic. Near-endemic bat species include the
1086:The Ecology and Biogeography of Nothofagus Forests
1183:Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests
1129:
615:). Bulmer's fruit bat is critically endangered.
243:. The ecoregion covers the Central Range of the
74:tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests
1102:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1094:
496:). Near-endemic marsupial species include the
1091:
370:can form thick stands in some lower areas.
1078:
930:Crater Mountain Wildlife Management Area
129:172,365 km (66,550 sq mi)
107:Southern New Guinea lowland rain forests
1113:
935:Hunstein Range Wildlife Management Area
1130:
1009:"Central Range montane rain forests".
1005:
1003:
945:Libano-Arisai Wildlife Management Area
940:Laugum Island Wildlife Management Area
900:Pegunungan Jayawijaya Wildlife Reserve
1178:Natural history of Western New Guinea
1050:, 131(3), 435-458, (10 October 2019).
1018:
984:
982:
980:
978:
976:
974:
972:
970:
990:"Central Range montane rain forests"
950:Libano-Hose Wildlife Management Area
925:Lake Kutubu Wildlife Management Area
425:– along with broadleaf trees in the
1053:
1000:
915:Siwi-Utame Wildlife Management Area
300:Central Range sub-alpine grasslands
272:in Indonesia's Papua Province, the
92:Central Range sub-alpine grasslands
13:
1138:Central Range montane rain forests
967:
875:
230:Central Range montane rain forests
22:Central Range montane rain forests
14:
1194:
1048:The Wilson Journal of Ornithology
955:Sulamesi Wildlife Management Area
890:Pegunungan Wayland Nature Reserve
448:. Endemic marsupials include the
264:. The Central Range includes the
112:Vogelkop–Aru lowland rain forests
920:Jimi (Ruti) Valley National Park
910:Mount Gahavisuka Provincial Park
102:Southeastern Papuan rain forests
39:
27:
1074:https://doi.org/10.2307/2845122
905:Memberamo Foja Wildlife Reserve
855:King-of-Saxony bird-of-paradise
45:Ecoregion territory (in purple)
1158:Ecoregions of Papua New Guinea
1066:
1040:
652:large-scaled mosaic-tailed rat
618:Endemic murid rodents include
1:
1110:Washington, DC: Island Press.
960:
868:in the ecoregion include the
780:western white-eared giant rat
644:red-bellied mosaic-tailed rat
561:small-toothed long-eared bat
553:New Guinea sheath-tailed bat
250:
7:
1163:Flora of Western New Guinea
740:Lorentz's mosaic-tailed rat
585:Fly River trumpet-eared bat
498:red-bellied marsupial shrew
260:and the eastern portion in
10:
1199:
692:mottled-tailed shrew mouse
577:Greater Papuan pipistrelle
549:Hipposideros corynophyllus
354:(Lauraceae). The conifers
337:Castanopsis acuminatissima
305:
1028:. Resolve, using WWF data
660:white-toothed brush mouse
218:
208:
203:
166:
154:
133:
125:
120:
79:
67:
55:
50:
38:
26:
21:
1153:Ecoregions of New Guinea
1026:"Map of Ecoregions 2017"
885:Enarotali Nature Reserve
847:short-tailed paradigalla
748:Shaw Mayer's brush mouse
712:Pseudohydromys ellermani
636:lesser small-toothed rat
432:
322:
291:peninsulas to the west.
268:at its western end, the
214:Relatively stable/intact
1173:Subtropical rainforests
1148:Ecoregions of Indonesia
1143:Australasian ecoregions
624:Paraleptomys wilhelmina
601:moss-forest blossom bat
569:Fly River roundleaf bat
545:Telefomin roundleaf bat
482:Weyland ringtail possum
454:Neophascogale lorentzii
16:Ecoregion in New Guinea
1013:Accessed 9 July 2021.
996:. World Wildlife Fund.
994:Terrestrial Ecoregions
851:Paradigalla brevicauda
796:Ernst Mayr's water rat
792:Baiyankamys shawmayeri
788:Shaw Mayer's water rat
708:one-toothed shew mouse
704:Pseudohydromys murinus
620:short-haired water rat
526:Microperoryctes murina
357:Araucaria cunninghamii
350:(Elaeocarpaceae), and
895:Lorentz National Park
819:Colluricincla umbrina
760:Pogonomelomys bruijni
744:Paramelomys lorentzii
696:Pseudohydromys fuscus
676:Champion's tree mouse
648:Protochromys fellowsi
581:Pipistrellus collinus
573:Hipposideros muscinus
490:Pygmy ringtail possum
462:Dactylopsila megalura
334:(Fagaceae) including
234:tropical moist forest
1061:The Ecology of Papua
859:Pteridophora alberti
843:Archboldia papuensis
839:Archbold's bowerbird
831:black-breasted munia
764:highland brush mouse
752:Pogonomelomys mayeri
565:Nyctophilus microdon
518:Dorcopsulus macleayi
506:black-tailed dasyure
502:Phascolosorex doriae
494:Pseudocheirus mayeri
486:Pseudocheirus caroli
367:Araucaria hunsteinii
245:New Guinea Highlands
866:centres of endemism
823:Snow Mountain munia
815:sooty shrike-thrush
811:Androphobus viridis
800:Leptomys ernstmayri
776:Rattus novaeguineae
756:lowland brush mouse
728:Crossomys moncktoni
700:eastern shrew mouse
680:Pogonomys championi
632:Baiyankamys habbema
605:Syconycteris hobbit
593:Mantled mastiff bat
514:Macleay's dorcopsis
281:Bird's Neck Isthmus
210:Conservation status
184: /
736:Xenuromys barbatus
664:Brassomys albidens
656:Mammelomys lanosus
640:Macruromys elegans
628:mountain water rat
613:Aproteles bulmerae
609:Bulmer's fruit bat
530:Clara's echymipera
470:Phalanger vestitus
458:great-tailed triok
62:Australasian realm
870:Weyland Mountains
835:Lonchura teerinki
784:Hyomys dammermani
768:Abeomelomys sevia
724:earless water rat
716:western water rat
672:Rattus giluwensis
589:Kerivoula muscina
557:Emballonura furax
510:Murexia melanurus
478:Phalanger matanim
266:Weyland Mountains
239:on the island of
226:
225:
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1007:
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997:
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827:Lonchura montana
720:Hydromys hussoni
688:Leptomys elegans
597:Otomops secundus
534:Echymipera clara
474:Telefomin cuscus
450:speckled dasyure
262:Papua New Guinea
199:
198:
196:
195:
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146:Papua New Guinea
43:
31:
19:
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1168:Montane forests
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1008:
1001:
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987:
968:
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876:Protected areas
807:Papuan whipbird
772:New Guinean rat
543:species – the
522:mouse bandicoot
435:
340:and species of
325:
308:
253:
192:
190:
188:4.87°S 140.96°E
186:
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1011:DOPA Explorer.
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732:mimic tree rat
684:large leptomys
466:Stein's cuscus
446:tree kangaroos
434:
431:
375:southern beech
324:
321:
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274:Star Mountains
270:Snow Mountains
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439:murid rodents
430:
428:
427:myrtle family
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193:-4.87; 140.96
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1030:. Retrieved
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365:
360:
356:
341:
335:
332:beech family
329:
326:
313:
309:
293:
278:
254:
229:
227:
204:Conservation
412:Papuacedrus
404:Dacrycarpus
391:Brassospora
343:Lithocarpus
285:Bird's Head
191: /
167:Coordinates
1132:Categories
961:References
864:Butterfly
668:Giluwe rat
422:Libocedrus
400:Podocarpus
379:Nothofagus
348:elaeocarps
241:New Guinea
416:Araucaria
408:Dacridium
389:subgenus
387:Nothfagus
383:epiphytes
296:tree line
258:Indonesia
251:Geography
237:ecoregion
219:Protected
141:Indonesia
134:Countries
121:Geography
1032:June 20,
853:), and
289:Bomberai
179:140°58′E
156:Province
794:), and
674:), and
607:), and
559:), and
528:), and
488:), and
361:papuana
352:laurels
317:Ok Tedi
306:Climate
80:Borders
51:Ecology
539:Three
419:, and
176:4°52′S
433:Fauna
359:var.
323:Flora
232:is a
222:14.3%
161:Papua
69:Biome
57:Realm
1034:2021
364:and
287:and
279:The
228:The
126:Area
86:List
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