60:
1281:
1792:
1964:
69:
1201:
2137:
1656:
785:
2293:
89:
773:
1900:
Premature mortality in NYC is projected to grow between 47% and 95% in 30 years, with lower-income and vulnerable populations most at risk. Studies on the correlation between heat-related mortality and hospitalizations and living in low socioeconomic locations can be traced in
Phoenix, Arizona, Hong Kong, China, Japan, and Italy. Additionally, costs concerning health care can act as another barrier, as the lack of private health insurance during a 2009 heat wave in Australia, was associated with heat-related hospitalization.
2043:
761:
834:
1911:, which leads to the association of specific marginalized communities with lower economic status, poorer health, residing in hotter neighborhoods, engaging in physically demanding labor, and experiencing limited access to cooling technologies such as air conditioning. A study overlooking Chicago, Illinois, Detroit, and Michigan found that black households were half as likely to have central air conditioning units when compared to their white counterparts. Especially in cities, Redlining creates
80:
845:
825:
1118:
1642:(also called an Inverter) to control the speed of the compressor. The refrigerant flow rate is changed by the change in the speed of the compressor. The turn down ratio depends on the system configuration and manufacturer. It modulates from 15 or 25% up to 100% at full capacity with a single inverter from 12 to 100% with a hybrid tandem. This method is the most efficient way to modulate an air conditioner's capacity. It is up to 58% more efficient than a fixed speed system.
1986:
854:
687:(COP) of an air conditioning system is a ratio of useful heating or cooling provided to the work required. Higher COPs equate to lower operating costs. The COP usually exceeds 1; however, the exact value is highly dependent on operating conditions, especially absolute temperature and relative temperature between sink and system, and is often graphed or averaged against expected conditions. Air conditioner equipment power in the U.S. is often described in terms of "
393:
1975:
9087:
1783:(IEA), it was revealed that the energy consumption for cooling in the United States, involving 328 million Americans, surpasses the combined energy consumption of 4.4 billion people in Africa, Latin America, the Middle East, and Asia (excluding China). A 2020 survey found that an estimated 88% of all US households use AC, increasing to 93% when solely looking at homes built between 2010 and 2020.
236:
533:
1298:(PTAC), through-the-wall, and window air conditioners are similar. These units are installed on a window frame or on a wall opening. The unit usually has an internal partition separating its indoor and outdoor sides, which contain the unit's condenser and evaporator, respectively. PTAC systems may be adapted to provide heating in cold weather, either directly by using an electric strip,
307:, may not have been present at the demonstration, but in a book published later the same year, he described it as "experiment of artificial freezing" and said that "Nitre (or rather its spirit) is very cold, and hence nitre or salt when added to snow or ice intensifies the cold of the latter, the nitre by adding to its cold, but the salt by supplying activity to the cold of the snow."
2082:
629:, because it moves energy from air or groundwater to the heated space and the heat from purchased electrical energy. When the heat pump is in heating mode, the indoor evaporator coil switches roles and becomes the condenser coil, producing heat. The outdoor condenser unit also switches roles to serve as the evaporator and discharges cold air (colder than the ambient outdoor air).
2021:. Wind driven ventilation arises from the different pressures created by wind around a building or structure, and openings being formed on the perimeter which then permit flow through the building. Buoyancy-driven ventilation occurs as a result of the directional buoyancy force that results from temperature differences between the interior and exterior.
505:. Between 1995 and 2004, the proportion of urban households in China with air conditioners increased from 8% to 70%. As of 2015, nearly 100 million homes, or about 87% of US households, had air conditioning systems. In 2019, it was estimated that 90% of new single-family homes constructed in the US included air conditioning (ranging from 99% in the
342:. They lowered the temperature of the thermometer bulb down to −14 °C (7 °F) while the ambient temperature was 18 °C (64 °F). Franklin noted that soon after they passed the freezing point of water 0 °C (32 °F), a thin film of ice formed on the surface of the thermometer's bulb and that the ice mass was about 6 mm (
3462:
3622:
1125:
Ductless systems (often mini-split, though there are now ducted mini-split) typically supply conditioned and heated air to a single or a few rooms of a building, without ducts and in a decentralized manner. Multi-zone or multi-split systems are a common application of ductless systems and allow up to
2308:
Evaporative coolers tend to feel as if they are not working during times of high humidity, when there is not much dry air with which the coolers can work to make the air as cool as possible for dwelling occupants. Unlike other types of air conditioners, evaporative coolers rely on the outside air to
2304:
effect may be used by placing water at the air intake, such that the draft draws air over water and then into the house. For this reason, it is sometimes said that the fountain, in the architecture of hot, arid climates, is like the fireplace in the architecture of cold climates. Evaporative cooling
632:
Most air source heat pumps become less efficient in outdoor temperatures lower than 4 °C or 40 °F. This is partly because ice forms on the outdoor unit's heat exchanger coil, which blocks air flow over the coil. To compensate for this, the heat pump system must temporarily switch back into
563:
to transfer heat. The vapor-compression cycle can occur within a unitary, or packaged piece of equipment; or within a chiller that is connected to terminal cooling equipment (such as a fan coil unit in an air handler) on its evaporator side and heat rejection equipment such as a cooling tower on its
430:
to the air in his textile mill. Cramer coined the term "air conditioning" in a patent claim which he filed that year, where he suggested that air conditioning was analogous to "water conditioning", then a well-known process for making textiles easier to process. He combined moisture with ventilation
2273:
for later use in cooling. This technique is over 3,700 years old in the Middle East. Harvesting outdoor ice during winter and transporting and storing for use in summer was practiced by wealthy
Europeans in the early 1600s, and became popular in Europe and the Americas towards the end of the 1600s.
1314:
Packaged air conditioners (also known as self-contained units) are central systems that integrate into a single housing all the components of a split central system, and deliver air, possibly through ducts, to the spaces to be cooled. Depending on their construction they may be outdoors or indoors,
1157:
and a lower structural impact, while also allowing for more individual and independent temperature control of spaces. The outdoor and indoor units can be spread across the building. Variable refrigerant flow indoor units can also be turned off individually in unused spaces. The lower start-up power
371:. He hoped to eventually use his ice-making machine to regulate the temperature of buildings. He envisioned centralized air conditioning that could cool entire cities. Gorrie was granted a patent in 1851, but following the death of his main backer, he was not able to realize his invention. In 1851,
804:
to relay commands from a remote control to the air conditioner. The output of the infrared LED (like that of any infrared remote) is invisible to the human eye because its wavelength is beyond the range of visible light (940 nm). This controller is commonly used on mini-split air conditioners
445:
In 1931, H.H. Schultz and J.Q. Sherman developed what would become the most common type of individual room air conditioner: one designed to sit on a window ledge. The units went on sale in 1932 at US$ 10,000 to $ 50,000 (the equivalent of $ 200,000 to $ 1,100,000 in 2023.) A year later, the first
231:
Passive techniques remained widespread until the 20th century when they fell out of fashion and were replaced by powered air conditioning. Using information from engineering studies of traditional buildings, passive techniques are being revived and modified for 21st-century architectural designs.
1899:
groups with a household income below around $ 10,000 tend to have a low air conditioning adoption, which worsens heat-related mortality. The lack of cooling can be hazardous, as areas with lower use of air conditioning correlate with higher rates of heat-related mortality and hospitalizations.
1561:
This compressor use two very closely meshing spiral rotors to compress the gas. The gas enters at the suction side and moves through the threads as the screws rotate. The meshing rotors force the gas through the compressor, and the gas exits at the end of the screws. The working area is the
3328:
Though he did not actually invent air-conditioning nor did he take the first documented scientific approach to applying it, Willis
Carrier is credited with integrating the scientific method, engineering, and business of this developing technology and creating the industry we know today as
641:
Newer models have improved cold-weather performance, with efficient heating capacity down to −14 °F (−26 °C). However, there is always a chance that the humidity that condenses on the heat exchanger of the outdoor unit could freeze, even in models that have improved cold-weather
247:
buildings to be created and have allowed people to live comfortably in hotter parts of the world, but have now come under criticism for contributing significantly to climate-change due to their high electricity consumption and the warming of their immediate surroundings in large cities.
4431:
1599:
Several compressors can be installed in the system to provide the peak cooling capacity. Each compressor can run or not in order to stage the cooling capacity of the unit. The turn down capacity is either 0/33/66 or 100% for a trio configuration and either 0/50 or 100% for a tandem.
637:
to the condenser coil, to heat up and defrost. Therefore, some heat pump systems will have electric resistance heating in the indoor air path that is activated only in this mode to compensate for the temporary indoor air cooling, which would otherwise be uncomfortable in the winter.
5984:
Stafoggia, Massimo; Forastiere, Francesco; Agostini, Daniele; Biggeri, Annibale; Bisanti, Luigi; Cadum, Ennio; Caranci, Nicola; de'Donato, Francesca; De Lisio, Sara; De Maria, Moreno; Michelozzi, Paola; Miglio, Rossella; Pandolfi, Paolo; Picciotto, Sally; Rognoni, Magda (2006).
1915:, increasing temperatures in certain parts of the city. This is due to materials heat-absorbing building materials and pavements and lack of vegetation and shade coverage. There have been initiatives that provide cooling solutions to low-income communities, such as public
661:, which is used instead of or in addition to the heat pump during harsher winter temperatures. In this case, the heat pump is used efficiently during milder temperatures, and the system is switched to the conventional heat source when the outdoor temperature is lower.
591:
but incorporates both the evaporator and the condenser into the same air path; the air first passes over the evaporator coil, where it is cooled and dehumidified before passing over the condenser coil, where it is warmed again before it is released back into the room.
1760:
First designed to benefit targeted industries such as the press as well as large factories, the invention quickly spread to public agencies and administrations with studies with claims of increased productivity close to 24% in places equipped with air conditioning.
2309:
be channeled through cooler pads that cool the air before it reaches the inside of a house through its air duct system; this cooled outside air must be allowed to push the warmer air within the house out through an exhaust opening such as an open door or window.
2023:
Since the internal heat gains which create temperature differences between the interior and exterior are created by natural processes, including the heat from people, and wind effects are variable, naturally ventilated buildings are sometimes called "breathing
6574:
Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) dissipates terrestrial heat to the extremely cold outer space without using any energy input or producing pollution. It has the potential to simultaneously alleviate the two major problems of energy crisis and global
1718:
resulted in approximately 15,000 deaths, where 80% of the victims were over 75 years old. In response, the French government required all retirement homes to have at least one air-conditioned room at 25 °C (77 °F) per floor during heatwaves.
1546:
This compressor uses two interleaving scrolls to compress the refrigerant. it consists of one fixed and one orbiting scrolls. This type of compressor is more efficient because it has 70 percent less moving parts than a reciprocating compressor.
442:. It is, however, possible that the considerable device (c. 2.1 m × 1.8 m × 6.1 m; 7 ft × 6 ft × 20 ft) was never used, as the house remained uninhabited (Gates had already died in October 1913.)
4423:
2409:
2393:
1268:
type re-evaporates the water, discharges it through the ducted hose, and can run continuously. Many but not all portable units draw indoor air and expel it outdoors through a single duct, negatively impacting their overall cooling efficiency.
2181:, PDRC application on roofs can potentially lower energy costs by 26% to 46%. PDRCs are predicted to show a market size of ~$ 27 billion for indoor space cooling by 2025 and have undergone a surge in research and development since the 2010s.
383:
system in 1855 that produced three tons of ice per day. In 1860, Harrison established a second ice company. He later entered the debate over competing against the
American advantage of ice-refrigerated beef sales to the United Kingdom.
1590:
mass flow circulating with the system is reduced, and thus the cooling capacity. This naturally causes the compressor to run uselessly during the periods when the bypass is operating. The turn down capacity varies between 0 and 100%.
2436:
3409:
1153:, eliminate the need for large cool air ducts, air handlers, and chillers; instead cool refrigerant is transported through much smaller pipes to the indoor units in the spaces to be conditioned, thus allowing for less space above
1306:. They may be installed in a wall opening with the help of a special sleeve on the wall and a custom grill that is flush with the wall and window air conditioners can also be installed in a window, but without a custom grill.
5576:
4123:
1612:, the two scroll set move apart stopping the compression for a given time period. This method varies refrigerant flow by changing the average time of compression, but not the actual speed of the motor. Despite an excellent
6893:
5775:
1228:
near or in the spaces to be cooled which then duct or deliver cold air into the spaces to be conditioned, rather than ducting cold air directly to these spaces from the plant, which is not done due to the low density and
598:
can sometimes be selected when the external air is cooler than the internal air. Therefore, the compressor does not need to be used, resulting in high cooling efficiencies for these times. This may also be combined with
5715:
1799:
Space cooling including air conditioning accounted globally for 2021 terawatt-hours of energy usage in 2016 with around 99% in the form of electricity, according to a 2018 report on air-conditioning efficiency by the
1713:
are the most lethal type of weather phenomenon in the United States. A 2020 study found that areas with lower use of air conditioning correlated with higher rates of heat-related mortality and hospitalizations. The
4753:
6288:
Zhang, Chen; Kazanci, Ongun Berk; Levinson, Ronnen; Heiselberg, Per; Olesen, Bjarne W.; Chiesa, Giacomo; Sodagar, Behzad; Ai, Zhengtao; Selkowitz, Stephen; Zinzi, Michele; Mahdavi, Ardeshir (November 15, 2021).
2465:
Department of the
Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations for 1989: Testimony of public witnesses, energy programs, Institute of Museum Services, National Endowment for the Arts, National Endowment for the
352: in) thick when they stopped the experiment upon reaching −14 °C (7 °F). Franklin concluded: "From this experiment, one may see the possibility of freezing a man to death on a warm summer's day."
2733:
411:. His invention controlled both the temperature and humidity, which helped maintain consistent paper dimensions and ink alignment at the printing plant. Later, together with six other employees, Carrier formed
1149:(which can be thought of as larger multi-split systems) were also invented by Daikin in 1982. Both were first sold in Japan. Variable refrigerant flow systems when compared with central plant cooling from an
2666:. The Seventh International Conference of Sustainable Architecture and Urban Development (SAUD 2010). Amman, Jordan: The Center for the Study of Architecture in Arab Region (CSAAR Press). pp. 247–266.
582:
Most modern air-conditioning systems feature a dehumidification cycle during which the compressor runs. At the same time, the fan is slowed to reduce the evaporator temperature and condense more water. A
496:
predicted in 2018 that the number of air conditioning units would grow to around 4 billion units by 2050 and that the total cooling capacity would grow to around 23,000 GW, with the biggest increases in
431:
to "condition" and change the air in the factories; thus, controlling the humidity that is necessary in textile plants. Willis
Carrier adopted the term and incorporated it into the name of his company.
1812:
and the IEA found that if air conditioners could be twice as effective as now, 460 billion tons of GHG could be cut over 40 years. The UNEP and IEA also recommended legislation to decrease the use of
407:
built what is considered the first modern electrical air conditioning unit. In 1902, he installed his first air-conditioning system, in the
Sackett-Wilhelms Lithographing & Publishing Company in
6158:
Sampson, Natalie R.; Gronlund, Carina J.; Buxton, Miatta A.; Catalano, Linda; White-Newsome, Jalonne L.; Conlon, Kathryn C.; O’Neill, Marie S.; McCormick, Sabrina; Parker, Edith A. (April 1, 2013).
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inter-lobe volume between the male and female rotors. It is larger at the intake end, and decreases along the length of the rotors until the exhaust port. This change in volume is the compression.
645:
The icing problem becomes much more severe with lower outdoor temperatures, so heat pumps are sometimes installed in tandem with a more conventional form of heating, such as an electrical heater, a
2764:
2633:
2067:), rather than mechanical systems to dissipate heat. Therefore, natural cooling depends not only on the architectural design of the building but on how the site's natural resources are used as
1319:), draw the air to be conditioned from inside or outside a building and be water or air-cooled. Often, outdoor units are air-cooled while indoor units are liquid-cooled using a cooling tower.
243:
Air conditioners allow the building's indoor environment to remain relatively constant, largely independent of changes in external weather conditions and internal heat loads. They also enable
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4322:
2060:
with low or no energy consumption. This approach works either by preventing heat from entering the interior (heat gain prevention) or by removing heat from the building (natural cooling).
1748:
treatment), these health hazards can be avoided or reduced. The state of New York has codified requirements for registration, maintenance, and testing of cooling towers to protect against
1726:
atmosphere in hospital operating rooms and other environments where proper atmosphere is critical to patient safety and well-being. It is sometimes recommended for home use by people with
732:
the air before attempting to cool it can reduce subsequent cooling costs by as much as 90 percent. Thus, reducing dehumidifying costs can materially affect overall air conditioning costs.
625:, thus heating instead of cooling the indoor environment. They are also commonly referred to as "reverse cycle air conditioners". The heat pump is significantly more energy-efficient than
3401:
1249:
A portable system has an indoor unit on wheels connected to an outdoor unit via flexible pipes, similar to a permanently fixed installed unit (such as a ductless split air conditioner).
470:, invented a portable, in-window air conditioner that cooled, heated, humidified, dehumidified, and filtered the air. The first inverter air conditioners were released in 1980–1981.
5693:
4723:
4115:
2573:
6633:
Bijarniya, Jay
Prakash; Sarkar, Jahar; Maiti, Pralay (November 2020). "Review on passive daytime radiative cooling: Fundamentals, recent researches, challenges and opportunities".
4692:
4514:
3379:
6870:
6587:
Raman, Aaswath P.; Anoma, Marc Abou; Zhu, Linxiao; Rephaeli, Eden; Fan, Shanhui (November 2014). "Passive radiative cooling below ambient air temperature under direct sunlight".
5802:"Cooling Emissions and Policy Synthesis Report: Benefits of cooling efficiency and the Kigali Amendment, United Nations Environment Programme - International Energy Agency, 2020"
2667:
3782:
5039:
6676:
Mokhtari, Reza; Ulpiani, Giulia; Ghasempour, Roghayeh (July 2022). "The
Cooling Station: Combining hydronic radiant cooling and daytime radiative cooling for urban shelters".
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Hot gas bypass involves injecting a quantity of gas from discharge to the suction side. The compressor will keep operating at the same speed, but due to the bypass, the
575:
Air conditioning equipment will reduce the absolute humidity of the air processed by the system if the surface of the evaporator coil is significantly cooler than the
130:
from an enclosed space to achieve a more comfortable interior temperature (sometimes referred to as 'comfort cooling') and in some cases also strictly controlling the
1884:, passive solar cooling, natural ventilation, operating shades to reduce solar gain, using trees, architectural shades, windows (and using window coatings) to reduce
1808:
attributable to space cooling will double: 1,135 million tons (2016) to 2,070 million tons. There is some push to increase the energy efficiency of air conditioners.
2371:
3643:
2071:(i.e. everything that absorbs or dissipates heat). Examples of on-site heat sinks are the upper atmosphere (night sky), the outdoor air (wind), and the earth/soil.
212:
Air conditioning dates back to prehistory. Double-walled living quarters, with a gap between the two walls to encourage air flow, were found in the ancient city of
5013:
5801:
5066:
2159:, which emerged through a study by Raman et al. (2014). PDRCs can come in a variety of forms, including paint coatings and films, that are designed to be high in
4981:
3866:
322:, conducted experiments applying the principle of evaporation as a means to cool an object rapidly. Franklin and Hadley confirmed that the evaporation of highly
872:
A wired controller, also called a "wired thermostat," is a device that controls an air conditioner by switching heating or cooling on or off. It uses different
5578:
Air
Filters Used in Air Conditioning and General Ventilation Part 1: Methods of Test for Atmospheric Dust Spot Efficiency and Synthetic Dust Weight Arrestance
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in the plant, which uses a refrigeration cycle to cool water, often transferring its heat to the atmosphere even in liquid-cooled chillers through the use of
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5190:
4354:
2463:
714:
1574:. The most common in air conditioning are: on-off cycling, hot gas bypass, use or not of liquid injection, manifold configurations of multiple compressors,
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3950:
3497:
1931:
systems with lower energy demands. While tens of air changes per hour, and cooling of tens of degrees, can be achieved with passive methods, site-specific
1126:
eight rooms (zones or locations) to be conditioned independently from each other, each with its indoor unit and simultaneously from a single outdoor unit.
1302:, or other heaters, or by reversing the refrigerant flow to heat the interior and draw heat from the exterior air, converting the air conditioner into a
4297:
2756:
2107:). In the absence of wind, the circulation can be driven with evaporative cooling in the inlet (which is also designed to catch dust). In the center, a
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of the surrounding air. An air conditioner designed for an occupied space will typically achieve a 30% to 60% relative humidity in the occupied space.
6434:
4491:
3056:
2625:
2063:
Natural cooling utilizes on-site energy, available from the natural environment, combined with the architectural design of building components (e.g.
1942:
Many techniques can be used to increase comfort and reduce the temperature in buildings. These include evaporative cooling, selective shading, wind,
3315:
1779:
The spread of the use of air conditioning acts as a main driver for the growth of global demand of electricity. According to a 2018 report from the
891:
rooms because they are permanently installed into a wall and hard-wired directly into the air conditioner unit, eliminating the need for batteries.
555:
Cooling in traditional air conditioner systems is accomplished using the vapor-compression cycle, which uses a refrigerant's forced circulation and
59:
5110:
3460:, Carrier, Willis H., "Apparatus for treating air", published January 2, 1906, issued January 2, 1906 and Buffalo Forge Company
1804:. The report predicts an increase of electricity usage due to space cooling to around 6200 TWh by 2050, and that with the progress currently seen,
3218:
880:, converting a temperature change into mechanical displacement, to actuate control of the air conditioner. Electronic thermostats, instead, use a
9211:
3972:
6398:
Leo Samuel, D.G.; Shiva Nagendra, S.M.; Maiya, M.P. (August 2013). "Passive alternatives to mechanical air conditioning of building: A review".
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9051:
5935:
Ng, Chris Fook Sheng; Ueda, Kayo; Takeuchi, Ayano; Nitta, Hiroshi; Konishi, Shoko; Bagrowicz, Rinako; Watanabe, Chiho; Takami, Akinori (2014).
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contained 30% of the total US population while it was inhabited by 24% of Americans at the beginning of the 20th century. Moreover, the summer
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4017:
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2140:
Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) surfaces are high in solar reflectance and heat emittance, cooling with zero energy use or pollution.
1182:, or Fan Coil Unit, FCU) with the piped refrigerant being circulated between the two. The FCU is then connected to the spaces to be cooled by
9191:
9056:
8961:
8333:
4952:
4090:
3891:
Combined Heating, Cooling & Power Handbook: Technologies & Applications : an Integrated Approach to Energy Resource Optimization
3443:
Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Convention of the American Cotton Manufacturers Association Held at Asheville, North Carolina May 16-17, 1906
4922:
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1927:
Buildings designed with passive air conditioning are generally less expensive to construct and maintain than buildings with conventional
5163:"Extreme Weather: A Guide to Surviving Flash Floods, Tornadoes, Hurricanes, Heat Waves, Snowstorms Tsunamis and Other Natural Disasters"
4461:
3527:
3371:
1854:, and hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants such as R-410a and R-404a, which were designed to replace CFCs and HCFCs, are instead exacerbating
9201:
7826:
7075:
5219:"Adapting to Extreme Heat: Social, Atmospheric, and Infrastructure Impacts of Air-Conditioning in Megacities—The Case of New York City"
4241:
3836:
3493:
3026:
1928:
143:
5529:"Projected global demand for air conditioning associated with extreme heat and implications for electricity grids in poorer countries"
3809:
3774:
3004:
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refrigerants, used in some if not most new equipment, solve both issues with an ozone damage potential (ODP) of zero and a much lower
8461:
4398:
4331:
4175:
722:
678:
5880:"A study of intracity variation of temperature-related mortality and socioeconomic status among the Chinese population in Hong Kong"
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4211:
2930:
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2056:
is a building design approach that focuses on heat gain control and heat dissipation in a building in order to improve the indoor
334:) could be used to drive down the temperature of an object past the freezing point of water. They experimented with the bulb of a
2902:
In our method I shall observe what our ancestors have said; then I shall show by my own experience, whether they be true or false
4811:
1768:
was lower in the spring than during other seasons until the 1970s but this difference then declined since then. As of 2007, the
1764:
Air conditioning caused various shifts in demography, notably that of the United States starting from the 1970s. In the US, the
9380:
3241:
2869:
1877:, the increase of global temperatures by 2100 due to hydrofluorocarbons is predicted to be around 0.06 °C (0.1 °F).
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or in winter, heat storage is used. Heat may be stored in earth or masonry; air is drawn past the masonry to heat or cool it.
8133:
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4324:
ANSI/AHRI 210/240-2008: 2008 Standard for Performance Rating of Unitary Air-Conditioning & Air-Source Heat Pump Equipment
3926:
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2446:
2419:
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2517:"Adapting to Climate Change: The Remarkable Decline in the US Temperature-Mortality Relationship over the Twentieth Century"
2462:
Agencies, United States Congress House Committee on Appropriations Subcommittee on Dept of the Interior and Related (1988).
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1809:
466:
Innovations in the latter half of the 20th century allowed more ubiquitous air conditioner use. In 1945, Robert Sherman of
3349:
2488:
2367:
9395:
5594:"Benchmarking cooling and heating energy demands considering climate change, population growth and cooling device uptake"
3636:
1869:
Hydrofluorocarbons would have raised global temperatures by around 0.3–0.5 °C (0.5–0.9 °F) by 2100 without the
6959:. Illustrated by Marjorie C. Leggitt (illustrated, revised ed.). Golden, Colorado: Fulcrum Publishing. p. 62.
5006:
3705:
Davis, Lucas; Gertler, Paul; Jarvis, Stephen; Wolfram, Catherine (July 2021). "Air conditioning and global inequality".
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Air conditioning (including filtration, humidification, cooling and disinfection) can be used to provide a clean, safe,
8116:
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6833:
6795:
6249:
5820:"Neighborhood Effects on Heat Deaths: Social and Environmental Predictors of Vulnerability in Maricopa County, Arizona"
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1186:. Floor standing air conditioners are similar to this type of air conditioner but sit within spaces that need cooling.
6435:"BIB 08: An Annotated Bibliography: Passive Cooling Technology for Office Buildings in Hot Dry and Temperate Climates"
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134:
of internal air. Air conditioning can be achieved using a mechanical 'air conditioner' or by other methods, including
9782:
8158:
7871:
7407:
7136:
3620:, Sherman, Robert S., "Air conditioning apparatus", published January 6, 1948, issued January 6, 1948
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for air conditioning, with seven wheels 3 m (10 ft) in diameter and manually powered by prisoners. In 747,
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or other semiconductor sensor, processing temperature change as electronic signals to control the air conditioner.
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674:
4051:
161:, range in size from small units used in vehicles or single rooms to massive units that can cool large buildings.
8936:
8308:
8122:
7502:
1141:. In 1969, the first mini-split air conditioner was sold in the US. Multi-zone ductless systems were invented by
600:
527:
473:
Air conditioner adoption tends to increase above around $ 10,000 annual household income in warmer areas. Global
380:
158:
3942:
2818:
1137:, where small home sizes motivated their development. The Mitsubishi model was the first air conditioner with a
7066:
6471:
6226:
Simulation and Analysis of Ventilation Flow Through a Room Caused by a Two-sided Windcatcher Using a LES Method
3162:
1679:
355:
The 19th century included many developments in compression technology. In 1820, English scientist and inventor
5140:
1989:
A roof turbine ventilator, colloquially known as a 'Whirly Bird' is an application of wind driven ventilation.
1734:. However, poorly maintained water cooling towers can promote the growth and spread of microorganisms such as
8580:
8454:
8270:
8214:
8209:
7786:
7314:
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477:
explains around 85% of increased air condition adoption by 2050, while the remaining 15% can be explained by
6788:
Science and Civilisation in China, Volume 4: Physics and Physical Technology, Part 2, Mechanical Engineering
4570:
224:
buildings also used a wide variety of passive air-conditioning techniques. These became widespread from the
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9772:
7831:
7382:
7303:
7262:
4483:
3048:
335:
6108:"Disparities by Race in Heat-Related Mortality in Four US Cities: The Role of Air Conditioning Prevalence"
4116:"Even in Frigid Temperatures, Air-Source Heat Pumps Keep Homes Warm From Alaska Coast to U.S. Mass Market"
484:
As of 2016 an estimated 1.6 billion air conditioning units were used worldwide, with over half of them in
474:
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8724:
8174:
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2515:
Barreca, Alan; Clay, Karen; Deschenes, Olivier; Greenstone, Michael; Shapiro, Joseph S. (February 2016).
2338:
1801:
1780:
626:
493:
447:
177:
17:
5101:
2757:"Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning Systems, Part of Indoor Air Quality Design Tools for Schools"
367:
used compressor technology to create ice, which he used to cool air for his patients in his hospital in
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8204:
7911:
7676:
7520:
3210:
2151:
for cooling during the daytime. Daytime radiative cooling became possible with the ability to suppress
2008:
1943:
1776:
in the US, which had been higher in regions subject to a heat wave during the summer, also evened out.
684:
670:
434:
Domestic air conditioning soon took off. In 1914, the first domestic air conditioning was installed in
97:
There are various types of air conditioners. Popular examples include: Window-mounted air conditioner (
3983:
9807:
9802:
8376:
8235:
8199:
8001:
7631:
7586:
7514:
7366:
7309:
5878:
Chan, Emily Ying Yang; Goggins, William B; Kim, Jacqueline Jakyoung; Griffiths, Sian M (April 2012).
5818:
Harlan, Sharon L.; Declet-Barreto, Juan H.; Stefanov, William L.; Petitti, Diana B. (February 2013).
4145:
3431:
3108:
2074:
1660:
1406:
1175:
1146:
423:
372:
270:
189:
6059:"Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities in Heat-Related Health Effects and Their Mechanisms: a Review"
5670:
5644:"Climate-friendly cooling could cut years of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and save US$ trillions: UN".
4539:
805:
because it is simple and portable. Some window and ducted central air conditioners uses it as well.
9812:
8447:
8423:
8245:
7941:
7541:
7320:
7211:
7196:
6224:
4847:
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3742:
2222:
2077: – reducing dependency on energy-intensive air conditioning in warming environments.
1863:
1805:
1741:
1639:
1497:
262:
109:, 2020); and ceiling-mounted console (Also called ceiling suspended) air conditioner (China, 2023).
42:
31:
6496:
Ford, Brian (September 2001). "Passive downdraught evaporative cooling: principles and practice".
4944:
4079:
2694:
Ford, Brian (September 2001). "Passive downdraught evaporative cooling: principles and practice".
1858:. Both issues happen due to the venting of refrigerant to the atmosphere, such as during repairs.
1791:
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8744:
8418:
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5987:"Vulnerability to Heat-Related Mortality: A Multicity, Population-Based, Case-Crossover Analysis"
4914:
3402:"Carrier Becomes Independent, Publicly Traded Company, Begins Trading on New York Stock Exchange"
2964:
2269:
In areas that are below freezing at night in winter, snow and ice can be collected and stored in
2178:
1570:
There are several ways to modulate the cooling capacity in refrigeration or air conditioning and
1556:
541:
319:
5362:
4775:
3668:
2254:(960–1279), written sources mentioned the air conditioning rotary fan as even more widely used.
706:. Residential central air systems are usually from 1 to 5 tons (3.5 to 18 kW) in capacity.
458:
became the first automobile manufacturer to offer an air conditioning unit in its cars in 1939.
363:
could chill air when the liquefied ammonia was allowed to evaporate. In 1842, Florida physician
9608:
9577:
9557:
9517:
9322:
8865:
8855:
8408:
8370:
8250:
7961:
7392:
4355:"Cutting-Edge Technology Could Massively Reduce the Amount of Energy Used for Air Conditioning"
4041:"Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (ATES) Technology Development and Major Applications in Europe"
1963:
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323:
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7272:
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6744:
Miranda, Nicole D.; Renaldi, Renaldi; Khosla, Radhika; McCulloch, Malcolm D. (October 2021).
5657:
4453:
3511:
3122:
1847:
1699:
1608:
This internal mechanical capacity modulation is based on periodic compression process with a
1133:
in Japan, and the first wall-mounted mini-split air conditioner was sold in 1968 in Japan by
695:(2,000 pounds (910 kg) of ice melting in a 24-hour period. The value is equal to 12,000
510:
439:
368:
315:
304:
4252:
3832:
3741:
2147:(PDRC) surfaces reflect incoming solar radiation and heat back into outer space through the
2136:
1823:
Refrigerants have also caused and continue to cause serious environmental issues, including
876:
to measure temperatures and actuate control operations. Mechanical thermostats commonly use
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68:
8:
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7508:
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7387:
7287:
7257:
7151:
7111:
6697:
1993:
1956:
1866:(GWP) in the single or double digits vs. the three or four digits of hydrofluorocarbons.
1817:
1631:
1465:
1158:
of VRF's DC inverter compressors and their inherent DC power requirements also allow VRF
1134:
618:
467:
403:
Electricity made the development of effective units possible. In 1901, American inventor
327:
139:
46:
6956:
Greenhouse Gardener's Companion: Growing Food and Flowers in Your Greenhouse Or Sunspace
6931:
6761:
6689:
6646:
6600:
6411:
6351:
6306:
6175:
6160:"Staying cool in a changing climate: Reaching vulnerable populations during heat events"
5609:
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8240:
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7896:
7891:
7681:
7492:
7477:
7059:
6939:
6918:
Bahadori, Mehdi N. (February 1978). "Passive Cooling Systems in Iranian Architecture".
6658:
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6237:
6200:
6159:
6132:
6107:
6083:
6058:
6032:
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5961:
5937:"Sociogeographic Variation in the Effects of Heat and Cold on Daily Mortality in Japan"
5936:
5912:
5879:
5852:
5819:
5750:
5558:
5513:
5477:
5452:
5428:
5393:
5268:"The effects of central air conditioning on pollen, mold, and bacterial concentrations"
5248:
4424:"エアコンの歴史とヒミツ | 調べよう家電と省エネ | キッズ版 省エネ家電 de スマートライフ(一般財団法人 家電製品協会) 学ぼう!スマートライフ"
3292:
2343:
2301:
2287:
1996:
is the process of supplying air to and removing air from an indoor space without using
1840:
1617:
1575:
784:
201:
193:
5267:
3152:
1272:
Many portable air conditioners come with heat as well as a dehumidification function.
1233:
of air, which would require impractically large ducts. The chilled water is cooled by
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7101:
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6801:
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6544:"Passive daytime radiative cooling: Fundamentals, material designs, and applications"
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3557:
3519:
3487:
3296:
3284:
3184:
3176:
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3128:
2978:
2968:
2916:"Things Magical in the collections of the Rare Book and Special Collections Division"
2878:
2838:
2828:
2727:
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2605:
2442:
2415:
2171:
2164:
2160:
2068:
2064:
2013:
1912:
1859:
1836:
1813:
1539:
1178:) from which heat is rejected to the environment and an internal heat exchanger (the
311:
296:
274:
225:
88:
6183:
6036:
5592:
Mutschler, Robin; Rüdisüli, Martin; Heer, Philipp; Eggimann, Sven (April 15, 2021).
5581:(Withdrawn Standard). British Standards Institution. March 29, 1985. BS 6540-1:1985.
3726:
1616:– from 10 to 100% of the cooling capacity, mechanically modulated scrolls have high
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5174:
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3722:
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3078:
2703:
2660:
Mohamed, Mady A.A. (January 2010). Lehmann, S.; Waer, H.A.; Al-Qawasmi, J. (eds.).
2528:
2333:
2292:
1874:
1870:
1832:
1671:
1121:
Evaporator, indoor unit, or terminal, side of a ductless split-type air conditioner
877:
750:
556:
419:
415:, a business that in 2020 employed 53,000 people and was valued at $ 18.6 billion.
288:
6713:"Passive daytime radiative cooling: Principle, application, and economic analysis"
6315:
6290:
5741:
Corberan, J.M. (2016). "New trends and developments in ground-source heat pumps".
5545:
5528:
2732:. 26th Conference on Passive and Low Energy Architecture (PLEA2009). Quebec City.
2729:
Designing the Malqaf for Summer Cooling in Low-Rise Housing, an Experimental Study
772:
760:
142:. Air conditioning is a member of a family of systems and techniques that provide
9683:
9678:
9658:
9648:
9603:
9587:
9562:
9512:
9468:
9420:
9337:
9327:
8882:
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8622:
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8393:
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8007:
7921:
7916:
7861:
7851:
7841:
7771:
7711:
7626:
7611:
7432:
7427:
7402:
7397:
7267:
7191:
7028:
6954:
6823:
4657:
2822:
2148:
2057:
2053:
2042:
2035:
1936:
1881:
1824:
1675:
1359:
1154:
719:
Performance Rating of Unitary Air-Conditioning and Air-Source Heat Pump Equipment
658:
569:
545:
537:
399:, who is credited with building the first modern electrical air conditioning unit
356:
283:
278:
151:
135:
41:"a/c" redirects here. For the abbreviation used in banking and book-keeping, see
2305:
also makes the air more humid, which can be beneficial in a dry desert climate.
1820:, and more sustainable temperature-controlled food supply chains going forward.
454:
introduced the first practical semi-portable air conditioning unit in 1935, and
239:
An array of air conditioner condenser units outside a commercial office building
9668:
9653:
9618:
9547:
9527:
9502:
9487:
9390:
9066:
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8813:
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8504:
8470:
8143:
8040:
7816:
7796:
7761:
7696:
7616:
7457:
7447:
7356:
7206:
7176:
7131:
7126:
6769:
6654:
5500:
Glaeser, Edward L.; Tobio, Kristina (January 2008). "The Rise of the Sunbelt".
5331:
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3341:
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1916:
1855:
1828:
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292:
185:
181:
173:
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8225:
8076:
7971:
7936:
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7701:
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7472:
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7442:
7412:
7282:
7181:
7161:
7141:
7052:
7003:
6974:
6889:
6843:
6805:
6517:
6324:
6291:"Resilient cooling strategies – A critical review and qualitative assessment"
6259:
6241:
6191:
6012:
5903:
5895:
5843:
5627:
5554:
5453:"Maybe next month? Temperature shocks and dynamic adjustments in birth rates"
5419:
5340:
5291:
5266:
Spiegelman, Jay; Friedman, Herman; Blumstein, George I. (September 1, 1963).
5244:
5186:
4366:
4292:
3561:
3523:
3288:
3180:
2982:
2842:
2218:
2152:
1978:
1667:
1525:
1238:
1230:
1225:
1217:
833:
729:
300:
221:
6123:
5410:
3188:
2516:
2174:
have demonstrated significant decreases in energy consumption and costs. In
844:
9552:
9532:
9435:
9251:
9041:
8996:
8808:
8754:
8734:
8558:
8548:
8541:
8499:
8403:
8081:
7981:
7956:
7951:
7946:
7876:
7811:
7691:
7661:
7601:
7596:
7571:
7482:
7361:
7277:
7201:
7186:
7171:
6746:"Bibliometric analysis and landscape of actors in passive cooling research"
6616:
6209:
6141:
6092:
6028:
5970:
5952:
5921:
5861:
5486:
5437:
5348:
5299:
3434:
U.S. Patent no. 852,823 (filed: April 18, 1906 ; issued: May 7,1907).
2567:
The Future of Cooling - Opportunities for energy-efficient air conditioning
2395:
Dissertation Abstracts International: The humanities and social sciences. A
2348:
2323:
2251:
2226:
2123:
2114:
1932:
1706:
1695:
1355:
1117:
595:
584:
3669:"Inverter Air Conditioners, 1980–1981 IEEE Milestone Celebration Ceremony"
2000:. It refers to the flow of external air to an indoor space as a result of
1985:
824:
9507:
9445:
9385:
9298:
9241:
9226:
9196:
9151:
9121:
9076:
9061:
9016:
8976:
8966:
8872:
8835:
8825:
8766:
8667:
8553:
8494:
8413:
8055:
8012:
7986:
7926:
7906:
7901:
7776:
7736:
7721:
7666:
7591:
7561:
7556:
7372:
7237:
7156:
3445:. Charlotte, North Carolina, USA: Queen City Publishing Co. pp. 182-211.
2214:
2190:
2086:
1851:
1843:
1691:
1687:
1587:
1521:
1316:
1221:
1183:
1150:
853:
728:
Efficiency is strongly affected by the humidity of the air to be cooled.
650:
646:
435:
364:
339:
266:
197:
180:(IEA) 1.6 billion air conditioning units were used globally in 2016. The
6729:
6712:
6608:
6542:
Chen, Meijie; Pang, Dan; Chen, Xingyu; Yan, Hongjie; Yang, Yuan (2022).
6020:
5835:
4716:"Through-the-Wall Versus PTAC Air Conditioners: A Guide for New Yorkers"
3918:
Energy Audit of Building Systems: An Engineering Approach, Third Edition
633:
the regular air conditioning mode to switch the outdoor evaporator coil
79:
9707:
9572:
9492:
9256:
9216:
9186:
9146:
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9011:
8991:
8971:
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8526:
8169:
8091:
8022:
7991:
7866:
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7766:
7716:
7686:
7671:
7646:
7551:
7351:
7247:
7166:
7106:
6560:
6543:
6457:
4776:"LSWU/LSWD Vertical Water-Cooled Self-Contained Unit Engineering Guide"
4040:
3312:"Heating, Ventilating, Air-Conditioning, And Refrigerating Engineering"
2318:
2247:
2243:
2199:
2047:
1885:
1850:, respectively, used within air conditioners have caused damage to the
1765:
1749:
1513:
1509:
1179:
881:
814:
568:
shares many components with an air conditioning system, but includes a
147:
5235:
5218:
2435:
Enteria, Napoleon; Sawachi, Takao; Saito, Kiyoshi (January 31, 2023).
392:
9695:
9567:
9430:
9111:
9006:
8699:
8657:
8489:
8128:
7806:
7801:
7751:
7726:
7581:
7377:
6871:"Comfort from a Block of Ice: A History of Comfort Cooling Using Ice"
6472:"Cooling: The hidden threat for climate change and sustainable goals"
6112:
Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine
5065:
Ghanbariannaeeni, Ali; Ghazanfarihashemi, Ghazalehsadat (June 2012).
2328:
2210:
2156:
1968:
1710:
1505:
1303:
1264:
type collects the water in a bucket or tray and stops when full. The
863:
692:
654:
612:
576:
244:
35:
6377:(1st ed.). London: James & James (Science Publishers) Ltd.
6338:
Linden, P. F. (1999). "The Fluid Mechanics of Natural Ventilation".
4884:"What is Packaged Air Conditioner? Types of Packged Air Condtioners"
1974:
1744:. As long as the cooling tower is kept clean (usually by means of a
572:, which allows the unit to be used to heat as well as cool a space.
30:
This article is about cooling of air. For the Curved Air album, see
9745:
9701:
9613:
9478:
9231:
9031:
8981:
8798:
8709:
8632:
8111:
8045:
7546:
7346:
7146:
7121:
7096:
6828:(2nd ed.). Piscataway, New Jersey: Gorgias Press. p. 91.
5817:
5217:
Gamarro, Harold; Ortiz, Luis; González, Jorge E. (August 1, 2020).
5132:
2532:
2481:"Earth Tubes: Providing the freshest possible air to your building"
2438:
Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems: Advances and Applications of VRF
2275:
2195:
2175:
2096:
2001:
1769:
1745:
798:
451:
427:
408:
213:
131:
98:
8439:
5983:
9633:
9497:
9116:
9021:
8845:
8771:
8684:
8509:
7621:
7293:
5064:
2100:
2073:
Passive cooling is an important tool for design of buildings for
1727:
1234:
1213:
1195:
1130:
455:
376:
360:
166:
5223:
ASME Journal of Engineering for Sustainable Buildings and Cities
2882:
1670:
carriage. Air conditioning has become increasingly prevalent on
34:. For a similar device capable of both cooling and heating, see
9482:
9236:
9181:
9176:
9126:
8729:
8298:
8050:
7856:
7606:
4330:. Air Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Institute. 2012.
2203:
2095:) used in traditional architecture; wind is forced down on the
1517:
1284:
Through-the-wall PTAC units, University Motor Inn, Philadelphia
1142:
873:
560:
9267:
7074:
6287:
4087:
Minnesota Department of Commerce, Division of Energy Resources
2514:
536:
A simple stylized diagram of the refrigeration cycle: 1)
299:
with an apparatus of troughs and vats. Drebbel's contemporary
9722:
9628:
9246:
9161:
9141:
9131:
9106:
8313:
7746:
6743:
6397:
6157:
5591:
4685:"Portable Vs Split System Air Conditioning | Pros & Cons"
4629:
Kreith, Frank; Wang, Shan K.; Norton, Paul (April 20, 2018).
3743:"The World Wants Air-Conditioning. That Could Warm the World"
3124:
It Happened in Florida: Remarkable Events That Shaped History
1795:
Air conditioner farm in the facade of a building in Singapore
888:
691:", with each approximately equal to the cooling power of one
502:
498:
485:
331:
235:
217:
106:
102:
6366:
4242:"Unpotted HP-199-1.4-0.8 at a hot-side temperature of 25 °C"
2787:"Air conditioners fuel the climate crisis. Can nature help?"
2202:. Large human-powered fans built into buildings include the
9741:
9206:
9171:
9001:
8945:
8781:
7821:
7741:
6331:
5265:
3637:"IEEE milestones (39) Inverter Air Conditioners, 1980–1981"
3310:
Gulledge III, Charles; Knight, Dennis (February 11, 2016).
2564:
2274:
This practice was replaced by mechanical compression-cycle
1997:
1731:
703:
642:
performance, requiring a defrosting cycle to be performed.
532:
228:
through North Africa, the Middle East, and Northern India.
127:
5451:
Barreca, Alan; Deschenes, Olivier; Guldi, Melanie (2018).
5038:
Lun, Y. H. Venus; Tung, S. L. Dennis (November 13, 2019).
154:
to allow them both to heat and to cool an enclosed space.
6675:
5394:"Geography and macroeconomics: New data and new findings"
3704:
2081:
1299:
709:
The efficiency of air conditioners is often rated by the
489:
8914:
6372:
3518:. Vol. 123, no. 5. November 1933. p. 30.
2485:
Earth Rangers Centre for Sustainable Technology Showcase
1907:
and access to air conditioning are connected by some to
1204:
Industrial air conditioners on top of the shopping mall
1092:* where the typical capacity is in kilowatt as follows:
492:, and a total cooling capacity of 11,675 gigawatts. The
150:
are similar in many ways to air conditioners, but use a
6391:
5877:
5527:
Sherman, Peter; Lin, Haiyang; McElroy, Michael (2018).
3161:. Vol. 1. Canberra: National Centre of Biography,
3109:"Improved process for the artificial production of ice"
192:
and for the use of alternatives, like passive cooling,
169:, are becoming increasingly common in cooler climates.
6441:
4277:
Newell, David B.; Tiesinga, Eite, eds. (August 2019).
2626:"Air-conditioning found at 'oldest city in the world'"
6586:
6223:
Niktash, Amirreza; Huynh, B. Phuoc (July 2–4, 2014).
5450:
5067:"Bypass Method For Recip Compressor Capacity Control"
1170:
Split-system central air conditioners consist of two
1112:
715:
Air Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Institute
338:
as their object. They used a bellows to speed up the
6632:
5216:
4146:"Heat Pumps: A Practical Solution for Cold Climates"
3556:. Vol. 63, no. 6. June 1935. p. 885.
2108:
2090:
1603:
1275:
5934:
5777:
Geothermal Energy Utilization and Technologies 2020
3831:Cornish, Cheryl; Cooper, Stephen; Jenkins, Salima.
2434:
2046:A traditional Iranian solar cooling design using a
1880:Alternatives to continual air conditioning include
1565:
375:created the first mechanical ice-making machine in
101:, 1955); Ceiling-mounted cassette air conditioner (
6628:
6626:
5100:
4286:. National Institute of Standards and Technology.
3550:"Room-size air conditioner fits under window sill"
3309:
3267:Simha, R. V. (February 2012). "Willis H Carrier".
2956:
2726:Attia, Shady; Herde, André de (June 22–24, 2009).
2246:fan wheels for air conditioning as well as rising
1212:Large central cooling plants may use intermediate
6234:Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science
5526:
5313:Portnoy, Jay M.; Jara, David (February 1, 2015).
3775:"How America became addicted to air conditioning"
3242:"Global Cooling: The History of Air Conditioning"
2663:Traditional Ways of Dealing with Climate in Egypt
1831:, as several countries have not yet ratified the
1578:(also called digital), and inverter technology.
144:heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC)
9759:
6781:
6779:
6052:
6050:
6048:
6046:
5133:"Weather Related Fatality and Injury Statistics"
4628:
3830:
3474:. Archived from the original on December 5, 2019
1129:The first mini-split system was sold in 1961 by
6623:
6541:
6153:
6151:
5398:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
4515:"The Duct Free Zone: History of the Mini Split"
3496:) CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
2469:. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 629.
2250:of water from fountains. During the subsequent
1678:, and to ensure passenger comfort and drivers'
1260:, are vented to the outside via air ducts. The
413:The Carrier Air Conditioning Company of America
6669:
6537:
6535:
5212:
5210:
5208:
5041:Heat Pumps for Sustainable Heating and Cooling
4659:Handbook of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration
4632:Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
4571:"The Emergence of VRF as a Viable HVAC Option"
4276:
617:Some air conditioning systems can reverse the
291:demonstrated "Turning Summer into Winter" for
9283:
8930:
8455:
7060:
6776:
6043:
4212:"Coefficient of Performance (COP) heat pumps"
3372:"Carrier Reports First Quarter 2020 Earnings"
3150:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3036:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2233:
2121:below while allowing hot air rise out of it (
1981:are designed to maximise natural ventilation.
1686:In hot weather, air conditioning can prevent
6452:. California Energy Resources Conservation.
6447:
6222:
6148:
5884:Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
5873:
5871:
5773:
5499:
3739:
3432:"Humidifying and air conditioning apparatus"
3244:. American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
2565:International Energy Agency (May 15, 2018).
2398:. University Microfilms. 2005. p. 3600.
2131:
1835:to reduce the consumption and production of
1623:
176:due to higher temperature. According to the
6785:
6532:
6373:Santamouris, M.; Asimakoupolos, D. (1996).
6105:
5743:Advances in Ground-Source Heat Pump Systems
5639:
5637:
5312:
5205:
4682:
4074:
4072:
3314:. National Institute of Building Sciences.
3111:U.S. Patent no. 8080 (Issued: May 6, 1851).
2812:
2810:
2808:
2604:. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. p. 367.
1810:United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
1705:, in addition to other problems related to
1309:
1162:to be run using DC-providing solar panels.
778:The infrared transmitting LED on the remote
359:discovered that compressing and liquefying
165:, which can be used for heating as well as
9290:
9276:
8937:
8923:
8462:
8448:
7827:High efficiency glandless circulating pump
7076:Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
7067:
7053:
6825:Mari and Karana: Two Old Babylonian Cities
6704:
5686:"How your fridge is heating up the planet"
5392:Nordhaus, William D. (February 10, 2010).
5319:Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
3127:. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 13–.
3114:
3033:
2725:
2648:
2238:) built in the imperial palace, which the
2004:differences arising from natural forces.
1594:
740:
184:called for the technology to be made more
6868:
6728:
6710:
6559:
6314:
6199:
6131:
6082:
6002:
5960:
5911:
5868:
5851:
5683:
5650:10.1163/9789004322714_cclc_2020-0252-0973
5617:
5544:
5476:
5427:
5409:
5330:
5234:
4746:"Self-Contained Air Conditioning Systems"
4683:Hleborodova, Veronika (August 14, 2018).
4291:
4048:Toronto and Region Conservation Authority
3049:"The Cool History of the Air Conditioner"
2816:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2510:
2508:
2506:
1935:must be taken into account, complicating
1241:. Chillers may be air- or liquid-cooled.
1165:
723:European seasonal energy efficiency ratio
679:European seasonal energy efficiency ratio
8261:Mold growth, assessment, and remediation
6917:
6750:Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
6635:Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
6448:Niles, Philip; Kenneth, Haggard (1980).
6056:
5774:Roselli, Carlo; Sasso, Maurizio (2021).
5740:
5684:Gerretsen, Isabelle (December 8, 2020).
5634:
5391:
4975:"Water Cooled Packaged Air Conditioners"
4069:
4038:
4007:
3887:
3700:
3698:
3696:
3439:"Recent development in air conditioning"
2998:
2805:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2461:
2291:
2170:PDRC applications on building roofs and
2135:
2080:
2041:
1984:
1973:
1962:
1790:
1786:
1654:
1279:
1199:
1189:
1116:
531:
391:
379:, and was granted a patent for an ether
256:
234:
5037:
3859:"Central Air Conditioning Buying Guide"
3835:(Report). United States Census Bureau.
3772:
3616:
3456:
3239:
3208:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2659:
2601:Air Conditioning & Heating Practice
1740:, the infectious agent responsible for
1322:
521:
105:, 2023); Wall-mounted air conditioner (
14:
9760:
6818:
6711:Yang, Yuan; Zhang, Yifan (July 2020).
6337:
6057:Gronlund, Carina J. (September 2014).
4894:from the original on February 22, 2018
4713:
4606:. United States Department of Energy.
4598:
4596:
4512:
4434:from the original on September 7, 2022
4280:The International System of Units (SI)
3953:from the original on February 22, 2019
3914:
3808:. United States Department of Energy.
3803:
3754:from the original on February 16, 2021
3568:from the original on November 22, 2016
3492:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
3412:from the original on February 25, 2021
3352:from the original on February 27, 2021
3146:
3144:
3120:
3025:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
3007:from the original on February 25, 2021
2954:
2824:Absolute zero and the conquest of cold
2754:
2539:
2503:
2281:
1949:
887:These controllers are usually used in
461:
265:described a method of chilling ice to
157:Air conditioners, which typically use
9271:
8918:
8443:
8134:Programmable communicating thermostat
7048:
6952:
6850:from the original on January 29, 2021
6498:Arq: Architectural Research Quarterly
5367:New York Codes, Rules and Regulations
5193:from the original on January 21, 2024
5113:from the original on January 29, 2021
4925:from the original on January 15, 2021
4912:
4756:from the original on October 30, 2020
4726:from the original on January 15, 2021
4610:from the original on January 30, 2021
4581:from the original on December 3, 2020
3740:Pierre-Louis, Kendra (May 15, 2018).
3693:
3681:from the original on January 21, 2024
3649:from the original on January 21, 2024
3382:from the original on January 24, 2021
3266:
3221:from the original on January 16, 2021
3046:
2963:. Columbia University Press. p.
2923:Library of Congress Quarterly Journal
2867:
2827:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
2714:
2636:from the original on December 8, 2023
2491:from the original on January 28, 2021
295:, chilling part of the Great Hall of
8256:Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing
6869:Nagengast, Bernard (February 1999).
6786:Needham, Joseph; Wang, Ling (1991).
6698:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.118493
6495:
5143:from the original on August 24, 2022
4655:
4568:
4352:
4096:from the original on January 2, 2022
3437:See also: Cramer, Stuart W. (1906)
2999:Franklin, Benjamin (June 17, 1758).
2913:
2693:
2682:
2597:
2257:
1967:The ventilation system of a regular
8469:
6432:
6269:from the original on April 26, 2018
4848:"Packaged Rooftop Air Conditioners"
4593:
4513:Wagner, Gerry (November 30, 2021).
4404:from the original on March 18, 2021
4334:from the original on March 29, 2018
4303:from the original on April 22, 2021
4156:from the original on March 31, 2022
4126:from the original on April 10, 2022
4080:"Cold Climate Air Source Heat Pump"
4039:Snijders, Aart L. (July 30, 2008).
4008:Perryman, Oliver (April 19, 2021).
3915:Krarti, Moncef (December 1, 2020).
3894:. The Fairmont Press. p. 737.
3839:from the original on April 11, 2021
3785:from the original on March 13, 2021
3530:from the original on April 26, 2021
3318:from the original on April 20, 2021
3141:
3089:from the original on March 13, 2021
3059:from the original on April 10, 2021
2987:Cornelius Drebbel air conditioning.
2936:from the original on March 24, 2021
1922:
1755:
808:
717:in its 2008 standard AHRI 210/240,
27:Cooling of air in an enclosed space
24:
8117:Minimum efficiency reporting value
6940:10.1038/SCIENTIFICAMERICAN0278-144
6004:10.1097/01.ede.0000208477.36665.34
5751:10.1016/B978-0-08-100311-4.00013-3
5514:10.1002/j.2325-8012.2008.tb00856.x
4987:from the original on June 19, 2018
4695:from the original on March 9, 2021
4656:Wang, Shan K. (November 7, 2000).
4569:Feit, Justin (December 20, 2017).
4494:from the original on March 8, 2021
4464:from the original on March 9, 2021
4057:from the original on March 8, 2021
4010:"Dehumidifier vs Air Conditioning"
3773:Carroll, Rory (October 26, 2015).
3598:from the original on June 18, 2017
3248:from the original on March 8, 2021
3209:Palermo, Elizabeth (May 1, 2014).
3158:Australian Dictionary of Biography
2868:Porta, Giambattista Della (1584).
2579:from the original on June 26, 2024
2411:1993 ASHRAE Handbook: Fundamentals
2028:
1113:Mini-split and multi-split systems
25:
9824:
8159:Standard temperature and pressure
7872:Packaged terminal air conditioner
7408:Passive daytime radiative cooling
7137:Heat pump and refrigeration cycle
7039:The Presidential Cold Air Machine
6996:
6981:from the original on May 13, 2021
6899:from the original on May 13, 2021
6232:. World Congress on Engineering.
5824:Environmental Health Perspectives
5696:from the original on May 10, 2021
5373:from the original on May 13, 2021
5019:from the original on May 13, 2021
4955:from the original on May 13, 2021
4913:Evans, Paul (November 11, 2018).
4864:from the original on May 13, 2021
4828:from the original on May 13, 2021
4792:from the original on May 13, 2021
4714:Kamins, Toni L. (July 15, 2013).
4550:from the original on June 5, 2020
4020:from the original on May 13, 2021
3812:from the original on June 5, 2020
3047:Green, Amanda (January 1, 2015).
2914:Beck, Leonard D. (October 1974).
2892:from the original on May 13, 2021
2849:from the original on May 13, 2021
2767:from the original on July 5, 2022
2736:from the original on May 13, 2021
2670:from the original on May 13, 2021
2209:The 2nd-century Chinese inventor
2145:Passive daytime radiative cooling
1891:
1650:
1604:Mechanically modulated compressor
1581:
1296:packaged terminal air conditioner
1290:Packaged terminal air conditioner
1276:Window unit and packaged terminal
1244:
1147:variable refrigerant flow systems
735:
448:air conditioning systems for cars
303:, like della Porta a believer in
126:(UK), is the process of removing
9401:Failure of electronic components
9085:
7228:Absorption-compression heat pump
6946:
6911:
6862:
6812:
6737:
6580:
6489:
6464:
6426:
6340:Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics
6281:
6216:
6099:
5977:
5928:
5811:
5794:
5767:
5734:
5708:
4222:from the original on May 3, 2021
4185:. March 14, 2012. Archived from
4050:. Arnhem: IFTech International.
3869:from the original on May 9, 2021
3588:"Michigan Fast Facts and Trivia"
3408:(Press release). April 3, 2020.
3211:"Who Invented Air Conditioning?"
2755:US EPA, OAR (October 17, 2014).
2696:Architectural Research Quarterly
2374:from the original on May 3, 2022
2034:This section is an excerpt from
1955:This section is an excerpt from
1665:Osaka Municipal Subway 10 series
1620:as the motor continuously runs.
1566:Capacity modulation technologies
1489:
1405:Commercial and central systems,
852:
843:
832:
823:
797:This type of controller uses an
790:The infrared receiver on the A/C
783:
771:
759:
713:(SEER), which is defined by the
711:seasonal energy efficiency ratio
675:Seasonal energy efficiency ratio
387:
87:
78:
67:
58:
9297:
8123:Normal temperature and pressure
7503:Vapor-compression refrigeration
6717:MRS Energy & Sustainability
6184:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.12.011
6106:O'Neill, M. S. (May 11, 2005).
5677:
5585:
5569:
5520:
5493:
5444:
5385:
5355:
5306:
5259:
5155:
5125:
5093:
5058:
5044:. Springer Nature. p. 25.
5031:
4999:
4967:
4945:"water-cooled – Johnson Supply"
4937:
4906:
4876:
4840:
4804:
4768:
4738:
4707:
4676:
4649:
4622:
4562:
4532:
4506:
4476:
4446:
4416:
4380:
4346:
4315:
4270:
4234:
4204:
4168:
4138:
4108:
4032:
4001:
3965:
3935:
3908:
3881:
3851:
3824:
3797:
3766:
3733:
3727:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102299
3661:
3629:
3610:
3580:
3542:
3504:
3450:
3424:
3394:
3364:
3334:
3303:
3260:
3233:
3202:
3101:
3071:
2992:
2948:
2907:
2861:
2779:
2748:
2618:
2441:. Springer Nature. p. 46.
2179:single-family residential areas
2007:There are two types of natural
601:seasonal thermal energy storage
528:Vapor-compression refrigeration
381:vapor-compression refrigeration
318:, a chemistry professor at the
159:vapor-compression refrigeration
7031:", 28 August 1880, p. 138
6790:. Cambridge University Press.
6420:10.1016/j.buildenv.2013.04.016
6360:10.1146/annurev.fluid.31.1.201
5619:10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116636
5363:"Subpart 4-1 – Cooling Towers"
4980:. Japan: Daikin. May 2, 2003.
4540:"History of Daikin Innovation"
3833:Characteristics of New Housing
3804:Lester, Paul (July 20, 2015).
3378:(Press release). May 8, 2020.
3240:Varrasi, John (June 6, 2011).
3163:Australian National University
2591:
2473:
2455:
2428:
2402:
2386:
2360:
1680:occupational safety and health
1504:This compressor consists of a
664:
251:
13:
1:
8271:Testing, adjusting, balancing
8215:Building information modeling
8210:Building services engineering
7787:Ground-coupled heat exchanger
7315:Demand controlled ventilation
7263:Building insulation materials
6433:M.j, Limb (January 1, 1998).
6316:10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.111312
5546:10.1016/j.enbuild.2022.112198
4915:"RTU Rooftop Units explained"
3806:"History of Air Conditioning"
3153:"Harrison, James (1816–1893)"
3151:Bruce-Wallace, L. G. (1966).
2354:
2229:(618–907) had the Cool Hall (
277:(then called "nitre") in his
9396:List of emerging electronics
7832:High-pressure cut-off switch
7383:Ice storage air conditioning
7304:Dedicated outdoor air system
7041:", 6 August 1881, p. 84
6375:Passive cooling of buildings
6063:Current Epidemiology Reports
5717:Encyclopedia of Energy: Ph-S
5284:10.1016/0021-8707(63)90007-8
5102:"Heat Stroke (Hyperthermia)"
5007:"Water Cooled Packaged Unit"
3512:"First Air-Conditioned Auto"
3342:"Willis Carrier – 1876–1902"
2521:Journal of Political Economy
1362:, portable air conditioners
1074:Packaged RTU (Rooftop Unit)
766:A wireless remote controller
721:. A similar standard is the
516:
426:, was exploring ways to add
336:mercury-in-glass thermometer
172:Air conditioners can reduce
7:
9778:Ancient Egyptian technology
8725:Instant hot water dispenser
8175:Thermostatic radiator valve
7977:Thermostatic radiator valve
7488:Underfloor air distribution
7423:Radiant heating and cooling
7341:Energy recovery ventilation
7253:Automobile air conditioning
7117:Domestic energy consumption
6678:Applied Thermal Engineering
6164:Global Environmental Change
5173:(8): 41. October 19, 2012.
4454:"Air conditioner | History"
4388:"M-Series Contractor Guide"
3943:"What is a Reversing Valve"
3707:Global Environmental Change
2339:Energy recovery ventilation
2312:
2109:
2091:
2019:buoyancy-driven ventilation
1802:International Energy Agency
1781:International Energy Agency
1716:August 2003 France heatwave
1252:Hose systems, which can be
862:Several wired controllers (
627:electric resistance heating
494:International Energy Agency
178:International Energy Agency
10:
9829:
8324:Institute of Refrigeration
8205:Architectural technologist
7677:Electrostatic precipitator
6770:10.1016/j.rser.2021.111406
6655:10.1016/j.rser.2020.110263
5332:10.1016/j.anai.2014.10.004
4604:"Central Air Conditioning"
3921:. CRC Press. p. 370.
2300:In dry, hot climates, the
2285:
2188:
2033:
1954:
1629:
1554:
1537:
1495:
1368:very low (small capacity)
1287:
1193:
967:Residential, remote areas
812:
744:
685:coefficient of performance
671:coefficient of performance
668:
610:
606:
525:
207:
40:
29:
9596:
9454:
9371:
9305:
9094:
9083:
8952:
8944:
8891:
8477:
8386:
8377:Volatile organic compound
8352:
8279:
8236:Environmental engineering
8200:Architectural engineering
8183:
8031:
8002:Ultra-low particulate air
7587:Automatic balancing valve
7534:
7515:Variable refrigerant flow
7367:Heat recovery ventilation
7310:Deep water source cooling
7220:
7082:
7007:Carrier's original patent
6510:10.1017/S1359135501001312
6075:10.1007/s40471-014-0014-4
5502:Southern Economic Journal
5469:10.1007/s13524-018-0690-7
5179:10.1108/09504121211278322
4662:. McGraw-Hill Education.
3281:10.1007/s12045-012-0014-y
3121:Wright, E. Lynne (2009).
3003:. Letter to John Lining.
2708:10.1017/S1359135501001312
2234:
2132:Daytime radiative cooling
2117:vent), used to shade the
2075:climate change adaptation
1663:unit fitted on top of an
1645:
1624:Variable-speed compressor
1531:
424:Charlotte, North Carolina
9783:Ancient Roman technology
8424:Template:Home automation
8246:Kitchen exhaust cleaning
7942:Solar-assisted heat pump
7542:Air conditioner inverter
7321:Displacement ventilation
7212:Vapour pressure of water
7197:Thermal destratification
6400:Building and Environment
5896:10.1136/jech.2008.085167
5315:"Mold allergy revisited"
5137:National Weather Service
5071:Pipeline and Gas Journal
4293:10.6028/NIST.SP.330-2019
3618:US patent US2433960A
2598:Laub, Julian M. (1963).
2370:. Cambridge Dictionary.
2011:occurring in buildings:
1909:institutionalized racism
1864:global warming potential
1806:greenhouse gas emissions
1640:variable-frequency drive
1550:
1498:Reciprocating compressor
1385:Residential mini splits
1370:medium (large capacity)
1310:Packaged air conditioner
1160:solar-powered heat pumps
1001:Residential, commercial
984:Residential, commercial
894:
263:Giambattista della Porta
43:Account (disambiguation)
32:Air Conditioning (album)
9639:Electromagnetic warfare
8745:Laundry-folding machine
8419:World Refrigeration Day
8266:Refrigerant reclamation
8195:Architectural acoustics
8139:Programmable thermostat
8071:Clean air delivery rate
7967:Thermal expansion valve
7882:Pressurisation ductwork
7792:Ground source heat pump
7233:Absorption refrigerator
6236:. Vol. 2. London.
5941:Journal of Epidemiology
5411:10.1073/pnas.0509842103
4919:The Engineering Mindset
4812:"Packaged Rooftop Unit"
4750:Daikin Applied Americas
4484:"1920s–1970s | History"
4176:"TEM Instruction Sheet"
3888:Petchers, Neil (2003).
3458:US patent US808897A
3083:Encyclopædia Britannica
2955:Laszlo, Pierre (2001).
2817:Shachtman, Tom (1999).
2184:
2099:side and leaves on the
2014:wind driven ventilation
1595:Manifold configurations
1557:Rotary-screw compressor
1174:, an outside unit (the
741:Wireless remote control
450:were offered for sale.
320:University of Cambridge
190:mitigate climate change
118:, often abbreviated as
9609:Automotive electronics
9558:Robotic vacuum cleaner
9518:Information technology
9323:Electronic engineering
8409:Glossary of HVAC terms
8371:Sick building syndrome
8251:Mechanical engineering
7962:Smoke exhaust ductwork
7393:Mixed-mode ventilation
6450:Passive Solar Handbook
5953:10.2188/jea.JE20130051
5665:Cite journal requires
4888:Bright Hub Engineering
3973:"Humidity and Comfort"
3085:. September 29, 2020.
2297:
2141:
2128:
2050:
1990:
1982:
1971:
1796:
1737:Legionella pneumophila
1683:
1674:vehicles as a form of
1285:
1209:
1166:Ducted central systems
1122:
1096:very small: <1.5 kW
552:
400:
240:
45:. For other uses, see
9543:Portable media player
9416:Molecular electronics
9411:Low-power electronics
9102:Air conditioning unit
8613:Electric water boiler
8429:Template:Solar energy
8107:Intelligent buildings
8066:Carbon dioxide sensor
7453:Room air distribution
7273:Central solar heating
7019:U.S. patent 2,363,294
7012:U.S. patent 1,172,429
6953:Smith, Shane (2000).
6124:10.1093/jurban/jti043
4218:. November 18, 2020.
4152:. December 10, 2020.
2296:An evaporative cooler
2295:
2139:
2084:
2045:
1988:
1977:
1966:
1794:
1787:Environmental effects
1742:Legionnaires' disease
1700:electrolyte disorders
1658:
1576:mechanical modulation
1283:
1203:
1190:Central plant cooling
1120:
1108:very large: >14 kW
689:tons of refrigeration
535:
440:Charles Gilbert Gates
395:
369:Apalachicola, Florida
305:science communication
257:Preceding discoveries
238:
196:, selective shading,
163:Air source heat pumps
9737:Terahertz technology
9718:Open-source hardware
9674:Consumer electronics
9644:Electronics industry
9406:Flexible electronics
9313:Analogue electronics
8231:Duct leakage testing
8221:Deep energy retrofit
8165:Thermographic camera
8102:Infrared thermometer
7577:Air source heat pump
7526:Water heat recycling
7092:Air changes per hour
6295:Energy and Buildings
5745:. pp. 359–385.
5533:Energy and Buildings
4890:. January 13, 2010.
2242:describes as having
2225:(r. 712–762) of the
1946:, and heat storage.
1905:socioeconomic status
1335:Common applications
1323:Types of compressors
992:medium – very large
972:Ducted (individual)
916:Typical application
623:air source heat pump
566:air source heat pump
522:Operating principles
9788:Building automation
9773:American inventions
9713:Nuclear electronics
9538:Networking hardware
9441:Quantum electronics
9426:Organic electronics
9348:Printed electronics
9318:Digital electronics
8904:Appliance recycling
8628:Electric toothbrush
8097:HVAC control system
8087:Home energy monitor
8061:Building automation
7847:Inverter compressor
7509:Variable air volume
7418:Passive ventilation
7388:Kitchen ventilation
7288:Constant air volume
7258:Autonomous building
7035:Scientific American
7025:Scientific American
7004:U.S. patent 808,897
6932:1978SciAm.238b.144B
6920:Scientific American
6762:2021RSERv.14911406M
6730:10.1557/mre.2020.18
6690:2022AppTE.21118493M
6647:2020RSERv.13310263B
6609:10.1038/nature13883
6601:2014Natur.515..540R
6412:2013BuEnv..66...54S
6352:1999AnRFM..31..201L
6307:2021EneBu.25111312Z
6176:2013GEC....23..475S
5836:10.1289/ehp.1104625
5610:2021ApEn..28816636M
5109:. January 2, 2019.
5077:(6). Archived from
4488:Mitsubishi Electric
4192:on January 24, 2013
4014:Dehumidifier Critic
3719:2021GEC....6902299D
2959:Salt: Grain of Life
2302:evaporative cooling
2282:Evaporative cooling
2198:have existed since
2157:photonic structures
1994:Passive ventilation
1957:Passive ventilation
1950:Passive ventilation
1638:This system uses a
1632:Inverter compressor
1471:Commercial chiller
1448:Commercial chiller
1428:Commercial chiller
1328:
1135:Mitsubishi Electric
975:small – very large
958:very small – small
941:very small – small
900:
702:per hour, or 3,517
619:refrigeration cycle
589:refrigeration cycle
564:condenser side. An
468:Lynn, Massachusetts
462:Further development
194:evaporative cooling
140:ventilative cooling
9798:Cooling technology
9793:Chinese inventions
9768:1902 introductions
9691:Marine electronics
9664:Integrated circuit
9583:Video game console
9381:2020s in computing
9363:Thermal management
8760:Robotic lawn mower
8643:Evaporative cooler
8360:Indoor air quality
8304:ASTM International
8241:Hydronic balancing
8018:Wood-burning stove
7897:Radiator reflector
7682:Evaporative cooler
7493:Underfloor heating
7478:Thermal insulation
6561:10.1002/eom2.12153
5720:. Elsevier. 2004.
5272:Journal of Allergy
5081:on August 12, 2014
4855:Trane Technologies
4258:on January 7, 2009
3748:The New York Times
3674:. March 16, 2021.
3430:Cramer, Stuart W.
3021:cite press release
2819:"Winter in Summer"
2344:Indoor air quality
2298:
2288:Evaporative cooler
2262:In areas that are
2142:
2129:
2051:
1998:mechanical systems
1991:
1983:
1972:
1944:thermal convection
1837:hydrofluorocarbons
1816:, better building
1814:hydrofluorocarbons
1797:
1684:
1618:energy consumption
1327:
1286:
1210:
1123:
1102:medium: 4.2–7.1 kW
1006:Ceiling suspended
907:Typical Capacity*
899:
653:, or wood-burning
553:
409:Brooklyn, New York
401:
377:Geelong, Australia
293:James I of England
273:by mixing it with
241:
202:thermal insulation
9755:
9754:
9732:Radio electronics
9358:Schematic capture
9343:Power electronics
9265:
9264:
8912:
8911:
8532:Coffee percolator
8515:Immersion blender
8437:
8436:
8353:Health and safety
7932:Scroll compressor
7887:Process duct work
7642:Convection heater
7637:Condensing boiler
7567:Air-mixing plenum
7463:Solar combisystem
7299:Cross ventilation
7102:Building envelope
6820:Dalley, Stephanie
6595:(7528): 540–544.
6384:978-1-873936-47-4
5760:978-0-08-100311-4
5404:(10): 3510–3517.
5236:10.1115/1.4048175
5167:Reference Reviews
5051:978-3-030-31387-6
4857:. November 2006.
4785:. April 6, 2018.
4720:Brick Underground
4669:978-0-07-068167-5
4642:978-1-351-46783-4
4428:shouene-kaden.net
4395:Mitsubishipro.com
4353:Baraniuk, Chris.
3928:978-1-000-25967-4
3901:978-0-88173-433-1
3865:. March 3, 2021.
3554:Popular Mechanics
3329:air-conditioning.
3172:978-0-522-84459-7
3053:Popular Mechanics
2632:. June 24, 2000.
2611:978-0-03-011225-6
2448:978-981-19-6833-4
2421:978-0-910110-97-6
2258:Thermal buffering
2165:thermal emittance
2161:solar reflectance
2105:cross-ventilation
2065:building envelope
1846:such as R-12 and
1540:Scroll compressor
1487:
1486:
1338:Typical capacity
1332:Compressor types
1184:ventilation ducts
1099:small: 1.5–3.5 kW
1090:
1089:
989:Ducted (central)
878:bimetallic strips
405:Willis H. Carrier
312:Benjamin Franklin
297:Westminster Abbey
275:potassium nitrate
226:Iberian Peninsula
16:(Redirected from
9820:
9808:Gas technologies
9803:Dutch inventions
9727:Radio navigation
9624:Data acquisition
9333:Microelectronics
9292:
9285:
9278:
9269:
9268:
9089:
9027:Half-hipped roof
8939:
8932:
8925:
8916:
8915:
8720:Induction cooker
8690:Garbage disposer
8638:Espresso machine
8593:Electric blanket
8464:
8457:
8450:
8441:
8440:
8399:Building science
8154:Smart thermostat
8149:Room temperature
7732:Fireplace insert
7438:Radon mitigation
7336:Electric heating
7331:District heating
7326:District cooling
7243:Air conditioning
7069:
7062:
7055:
7046:
7045:
7021:
7014:
7006:
6991:
6990:
6988:
6986:
6950:
6944:
6943:
6915:
6909:
6908:
6906:
6904:
6898:
6875:
6866:
6860:
6859:
6857:
6855:
6816:
6810:
6809:
6783:
6774:
6773:
6741:
6735:
6734:
6732:
6708:
6702:
6701:
6673:
6667:
6666:
6630:
6621:
6620:
6584:
6578:
6577:
6563:
6539:
6530:
6529:
6493:
6487:
6486:
6484:
6482:
6468:
6462:
6461:
6445:
6439:
6438:
6430:
6424:
6423:
6395:
6389:
6388:
6370:
6364:
6363:
6335:
6329:
6328:
6318:
6285:
6279:
6278:
6276:
6274:
6268:
6231:
6220:
6214:
6213:
6203:
6155:
6146:
6145:
6135:
6103:
6097:
6096:
6086:
6054:
6041:
6040:
6006:
5981:
5975:
5974:
5964:
5932:
5926:
5925:
5915:
5875:
5866:
5865:
5855:
5815:
5809:
5808:
5806:
5798:
5792:
5791:
5771:
5765:
5764:
5738:
5732:
5731:
5712:
5706:
5705:
5703:
5701:
5681:
5675:
5674:
5668:
5663:
5661:
5653:
5641:
5632:
5631:
5621:
5589:
5583:
5582:
5573:
5567:
5566:
5548:
5524:
5518:
5517:
5497:
5491:
5490:
5480:
5463:(4): 1269–1293.
5448:
5442:
5441:
5431:
5413:
5389:
5383:
5382:
5380:
5378:
5369:. June 7, 2016.
5359:
5353:
5352:
5334:
5310:
5304:
5303:
5263:
5257:
5256:
5238:
5214:
5203:
5202:
5200:
5198:
5159:
5153:
5152:
5150:
5148:
5129:
5123:
5122:
5120:
5118:
5104:
5097:
5091:
5090:
5088:
5086:
5062:
5056:
5055:
5035:
5029:
5028:
5026:
5024:
5018:
5011:
5003:
4997:
4996:
4994:
4992:
4986:
4979:
4971:
4965:
4964:
4962:
4960:
4941:
4935:
4934:
4932:
4930:
4910:
4904:
4903:
4901:
4899:
4880:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4869:
4863:
4852:
4844:
4838:
4837:
4835:
4833:
4827:
4816:
4808:
4802:
4801:
4799:
4797:
4791:
4783:Johnson Controls
4780:
4772:
4766:
4765:
4763:
4761:
4742:
4736:
4735:
4733:
4731:
4711:
4705:
4704:
4702:
4700:
4680:
4674:
4673:
4653:
4647:
4646:
4626:
4620:
4619:
4617:
4615:
4600:
4591:
4590:
4588:
4586:
4566:
4560:
4559:
4557:
4555:
4536:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4525:
4510:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4499:
4480:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4469:
4450:
4444:
4443:
4441:
4439:
4420:
4414:
4413:
4411:
4409:
4403:
4392:
4384:
4378:
4377:
4375:
4373:
4350:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4339:
4329:
4319:
4313:
4312:
4310:
4308:
4302:
4295:
4285:
4274:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4263:
4257:
4251:. Archived from
4246:
4238:
4232:
4231:
4229:
4227:
4208:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4197:
4191:
4180:
4172:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4161:
4142:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4131:
4112:
4106:
4105:
4103:
4101:
4095:
4084:
4076:
4067:
4066:
4064:
4062:
4056:
4045:
4036:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4025:
4005:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3994:
3988:
3982:. Archived from
3977:
3969:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3958:
3939:
3933:
3932:
3912:
3906:
3905:
3885:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3874:
3863:Consumer Reports
3855:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3844:
3828:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3817:
3801:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3790:
3770:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3759:
3745:
3737:
3731:
3730:
3702:
3691:
3690:
3688:
3686:
3680:
3673:
3665:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3654:
3648:
3641:
3633:
3627:
3626:
3625:
3621:
3614:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3603:
3584:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3573:
3546:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3535:
3508:
3502:
3501:
3491:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3473:
3466:
3465:
3461:
3454:
3448:
3428:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3398:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3387:
3368:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3338:
3332:
3331:
3325:
3323:
3307:
3301:
3300:
3264:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3237:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3206:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3148:
3139:
3138:
3118:
3112:
3105:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3075:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3044:
3031:
3030:
3024:
3016:
3014:
3012:
2996:
2990:
2989:
2962:
2952:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2941:
2935:
2920:
2911:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2897:
2891:
2876:
2871:Magiae naturalis
2865:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2814:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2783:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2752:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2723:
2712:
2711:
2691:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2657:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2622:
2616:
2615:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2578:
2571:
2562:
2537:
2536:
2512:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2414:. ASHRAE. 1993.
2406:
2400:
2399:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2364:
2334:Crankcase heater
2237:
2236:
2223:Emperor Xuanzong
2112:
2094:
2085:A pair of short
1923:Other techniques
1875:Kigali Amendment
1871:Kigali Amendment
1833:Kigali Amendment
1756:Economic effects
1672:public transport
1329:
1326:
1208:in Linz, Austria
1155:dropped ceilings
1105:large: 7.2–14 kW
1063:Direct / Ducted
1046:Direct / Ducted
1029:Direct / Ducted
961:Direct / Ducted
901:
898:
856:
847:
836:
827:
809:Wired controller
787:
775:
763:
751:Infrared blaster
559:between gas and
420:Stuart W. Cramer
351:
350:
346:
324:volatile liquids
289:Cornelis Drebbel
222:Ancient Egyptian
116:Air conditioning
91:
82:
71:
62:
21:
9828:
9827:
9823:
9822:
9821:
9819:
9818:
9817:
9813:Home appliances
9758:
9757:
9756:
9751:
9684:Small appliance
9679:Major appliance
9659:Home automation
9649:Embedded system
9604:Audio equipment
9592:
9588:Washing machine
9513:Home theater PC
9469:Central heating
9464:Air conditioner
9456:
9450:
9421:Nanoelectronics
9373:
9367:
9338:Optoelectronics
9328:Instrumentation
9301:
9296:
9266:
9261:
9090:
9081:
8948:
8943:
8913:
8908:
8887:
8883:Washing machine
8878:Water dispenser
8804:Pressure cooker
8787:Convection oven
8715:Ice cream maker
8623:Electric shaver
8618:Electric heater
8603:Electric kettle
8485:Air conditioner
8473:
8471:Home appliances
8468:
8438:
8433:
8394:ASHRAE Handbook
8382:
8366:Passive smoking
8348:
8281:
8275:
8187:
8185:
8179:
8033:
8027:
8008:Whole-house fan
7922:Run-around coil
7917:Reversing valve
7862:Mechanical room
7852:Kerosene heater
7842:Infrared heater
7772:Gasoline heater
7712:Fan filter unit
7627:Condensate pump
7612:Centrifugal fan
7530:
7433:Radiant heating
7428:Radiant cooling
7403:Passive cooling
7398:Microgeneration
7268:Central heating
7216:
7192:Thermal comfort
7084:
7078:
7073:
7029:Artificial Cold
7017:
7010:
7002:
6999:
6994:
6984:
6982:
6967:
6951:
6947:
6916:
6912:
6902:
6900:
6896:
6873:
6867:
6863:
6853:
6851:
6836:
6817:
6813:
6798:
6784:
6777:
6742:
6738:
6709:
6705:
6674:
6670:
6631:
6624:
6585:
6581:
6540:
6533:
6494:
6490:
6480:
6478:
6470:
6469:
6465:
6446:
6442:
6431:
6427:
6396:
6392:
6385:
6371:
6367:
6336:
6332:
6286:
6282:
6272:
6270:
6266:
6252:
6229:
6221:
6217:
6156:
6149:
6104:
6100:
6055:
6044:
5982:
5978:
5933:
5929:
5876:
5869:
5816:
5812:
5804:
5800:
5799:
5795:
5788:
5772:
5768:
5761:
5739:
5735:
5728:
5714:
5713:
5709:
5699:
5697:
5682:
5678:
5666:
5664:
5655:
5654:
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5521:
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5390:
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5307:
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5215:
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5161:
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5144:
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5099:
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5016:
5009:
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5000:
4990:
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4778:
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4769:
4759:
4757:
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4708:
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4677:
4670:
4654:
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4643:
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4602:
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4594:
4584:
4582:
4567:
4563:
4553:
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4533:
4523:
4521:
4511:
4507:
4497:
4495:
4482:
4481:
4477:
4467:
4465:
4458:Toshiba Carrier
4452:
4451:
4447:
4437:
4435:
4422:
4421:
4417:
4407:
4405:
4401:
4390:
4386:
4385:
4381:
4371:
4369:
4351:
4347:
4337:
4335:
4327:
4321:
4320:
4316:
4306:
4304:
4300:
4283:
4275:
4271:
4261:
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4239:
4235:
4225:
4223:
4210:
4209:
4205:
4195:
4193:
4189:
4178:
4174:
4173:
4169:
4159:
4157:
4144:
4143:
4139:
4129:
4127:
4114:
4113:
4109:
4099:
4097:
4093:
4082:
4078:
4077:
4070:
4060:
4058:
4054:
4043:
4037:
4033:
4023:
4021:
4006:
4002:
3992:
3990:
3989:on May 16, 2018
3986:
3975:
3971:
3970:
3966:
3956:
3954:
3941:
3940:
3936:
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3913:
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3852:
3842:
3840:
3829:
3825:
3815:
3813:
3802:
3798:
3788:
3786:
3781:. Los Angeles.
3771:
3767:
3757:
3755:
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3684:
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3671:
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3599:
3586:
3585:
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3569:
3548:
3547:
3543:
3533:
3531:
3516:Popular Science
3510:
3509:
3505:
3485:
3484:
3477:
3475:
3471:
3469:"Archived copy"
3467:
3463:
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3429:
3425:
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3400:
3399:
3395:
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3321:
3319:
3308:
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3265:
3261:
3251:
3249:
3238:
3234:
3224:
3222:
3215:livescience.com
3207:
3203:
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3142:
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3119:
3115:
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3077:
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3072:
3062:
3060:
3045:
3034:
3018:
3017:
3010:
3008:
3001:"Archived copy"
2997:
2993:
2975:
2953:
2949:
2939:
2937:
2933:
2918:
2912:
2908:
2895:
2893:
2889:
2874:
2866:
2862:
2852:
2850:
2835:
2815:
2806:
2796:
2794:
2793:. June 30, 2023
2785:
2784:
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2770:
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2753:
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2737:
2724:
2715:
2692:
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2673:
2671:
2658:
2649:
2639:
2637:
2630:The Independent
2624:
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2612:
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2592:
2582:
2580:
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2513:
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2392:
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2377:
2375:
2366:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2315:
2290:
2284:
2260:
2193:
2187:
2149:infrared window
2134:
2079:
2078:
2058:thermal comfort
2054:Passive cooling
2039:
2036:Passive cooling
2031:
2029:Passive cooling
2026:
2025:
1960:
1952:
1937:building design
1925:
1903:Disparities in
1894:
1882:passive cooling
1825:ozone depletion
1789:
1758:
1694:from excessive
1676:climate control
1653:
1648:
1634:
1626:
1606:
1597:
1584:
1572:heating systems
1568:
1559:
1553:
1542:
1534:
1500:
1492:
1431:medium – large
1360:Walk-in freezer
1325:
1312:
1292:
1278:
1247:
1198:
1192:
1172:heat exchangers
1168:
1115:
1043:medium – large
1040:Floor standing
1026:medium – large
1009:medium – large
897:
870:
869:
868:
867:
859:
858:
857:
849:
848:
839:
838:
837:
829:
828:
817:
811:
795:
794:
793:
792:
791:
788:
780:
779:
776:
768:
767:
764:
753:
745:Main articles:
743:
738:
700:
681:
669:Main articles:
667:
659:central heating
615:
609:
570:reversing valve
546:evaporator coil
542:expansion valve
538:condensing coil
530:
524:
519:
464:
452:Chrysler Motors
438:in the home of
390:
357:Michael Faraday
348:
344:
343:
279:popular science
259:
254:
210:
174:mortality rates
152:reversing valve
136:passive cooling
113:
112:
111:
110:
94:
93:
92:
84:
83:
74:
73:
72:
64:
63:
50:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9826:
9816:
9815:
9810:
9805:
9800:
9795:
9790:
9785:
9780:
9775:
9770:
9753:
9752:
9750:
9749:
9748:Communications
9739:
9734:
9729:
9720:
9715:
9710:
9705:
9699:
9693:
9688:
9687:
9686:
9681:
9676:
9669:Home appliance
9666:
9661:
9656:
9654:Home appliance
9651:
9646:
9641:
9636:
9631:
9626:
9621:
9619:Control system
9616:
9611:
9606:
9600:
9598:
9594:
9593:
9591:
9590:
9585:
9580:
9575:
9570:
9565:
9560:
9555:
9550:
9545:
9540:
9535:
9530:
9528:Microwave oven
9525:
9520:
9515:
9510:
9505:
9500:
9495:
9490:
9485:
9476:
9471:
9466:
9460:
9458:
9452:
9451:
9449:
9448:
9443:
9438:
9433:
9428:
9423:
9418:
9413:
9408:
9403:
9398:
9393:
9391:Bioelectronics
9388:
9383:
9377:
9375:
9369:
9368:
9366:
9365:
9360:
9355:
9350:
9345:
9340:
9335:
9330:
9325:
9320:
9315:
9309:
9307:
9303:
9302:
9295:
9294:
9287:
9280:
9272:
9263:
9262:
9260:
9259:
9254:
9249:
9244:
9239:
9234:
9229:
9224:
9219:
9214:
9209:
9204:
9199:
9194:
9189:
9184:
9179:
9174:
9169:
9164:
9159:
9154:
9149:
9144:
9139:
9134:
9129:
9124:
9119:
9114:
9109:
9104:
9098:
9096:
9092:
9091:
9084:
9082:
9080:
9079:
9074:
9069:
9064:
9059:
9054:
9049:
9044:
9039:
9034:
9029:
9024:
9019:
9014:
9009:
9004:
8999:
8994:
8989:
8987:Butterfly roof
8984:
8979:
8974:
8969:
8964:
8958:
8956:
8950:
8949:
8942:
8941:
8934:
8927:
8919:
8910:
8909:
8907:
8906:
8901:
8899:Appliance plug
8895:
8893:
8889:
8888:
8886:
8885:
8880:
8875:
8870:
8869:
8868:
8863:
8858:
8851:Vacuum cleaner
8848:
8843:
8841:Television set
8838:
8833:
8831:Sewing machine
8828:
8823:
8822:
8821:
8816:
8814:Crisper drawer
8806:
8801:
8796:
8795:
8794:
8792:Microwave oven
8789:
8779:
8774:
8769:
8764:
8763:
8762:
8757:
8747:
8742:
8737:
8732:
8727:
8722:
8717:
8712:
8707:
8702:
8697:
8692:
8687:
8682:
8681:
8680:
8675:
8670:
8665:
8660:
8650:
8648:Food processor
8645:
8640:
8635:
8630:
8625:
8620:
8615:
8610:
8608:Electric knife
8605:
8600:
8598:Electric drill
8595:
8590:
8585:
8584:
8583:
8576:Domestic robot
8573:
8572:
8571:
8569:drying cabinet
8561:
8556:
8551:
8546:
8545:
8544:
8534:
8529:
8524:
8519:
8518:
8517:
8507:
8505:Barbecue grill
8502:
8497:
8492:
8487:
8481:
8479:
8475:
8474:
8467:
8466:
8459:
8452:
8444:
8435:
8434:
8432:
8431:
8426:
8421:
8416:
8411:
8406:
8401:
8396:
8390:
8388:
8384:
8383:
8381:
8380:
8374:
8368:
8363:
8356:
8354:
8350:
8349:
8347:
8346:
8341:
8336:
8331:
8326:
8321:
8316:
8311:
8306:
8301:
8296:
8291:
8285:
8283:
8277:
8276:
8274:
8273:
8268:
8263:
8258:
8253:
8248:
8243:
8238:
8233:
8228:
8223:
8218:
8212:
8207:
8202:
8197:
8191:
8189:
8181:
8180:
8178:
8177:
8172:
8167:
8162:
8156:
8151:
8146:
8144:Psychrometrics
8141:
8136:
8131:
8126:
8120:
8114:
8109:
8104:
8099:
8094:
8089:
8084:
8079:
8074:
8068:
8063:
8058:
8053:
8048:
8043:
8041:Air flow meter
8037:
8035:
8029:
8028:
8026:
8025:
8020:
8015:
8010:
8005:
7999:
7994:
7989:
7984:
7979:
7974:
7969:
7964:
7959:
7954:
7949:
7944:
7939:
7934:
7929:
7924:
7919:
7914:
7909:
7904:
7899:
7894:
7889:
7884:
7879:
7874:
7869:
7864:
7859:
7854:
7849:
7844:
7839:
7834:
7829:
7824:
7819:
7817:Heating system
7814:
7809:
7804:
7799:
7797:Heat exchanger
7794:
7789:
7784:
7779:
7774:
7769:
7764:
7762:Gas compressor
7759:
7754:
7749:
7744:
7739:
7734:
7729:
7724:
7719:
7714:
7709:
7704:
7699:
7697:Expansion tank
7694:
7689:
7684:
7679:
7674:
7669:
7664:
7659:
7654:
7649:
7644:
7639:
7634:
7629:
7624:
7619:
7617:Ceramic heater
7614:
7609:
7604:
7599:
7594:
7589:
7584:
7579:
7574:
7569:
7564:
7559:
7554:
7549:
7544:
7538:
7536:
7532:
7531:
7529:
7528:
7523:
7518:
7512:
7506:
7500:
7495:
7490:
7485:
7480:
7475:
7470:
7465:
7460:
7458:Solar air heat
7455:
7450:
7448:Renewable heat
7445:
7440:
7435:
7430:
7425:
7420:
7415:
7410:
7405:
7400:
7395:
7390:
7385:
7380:
7375:
7370:
7364:
7359:
7357:Forced-air gas
7354:
7349:
7344:
7338:
7333:
7328:
7323:
7318:
7312:
7307:
7301:
7296:
7291:
7285:
7280:
7275:
7270:
7265:
7260:
7255:
7250:
7245:
7240:
7235:
7230:
7224:
7222:
7218:
7217:
7215:
7214:
7209:
7207:Thermodynamics
7204:
7199:
7194:
7189:
7184:
7179:
7177:Psychrometrics
7174:
7169:
7164:
7159:
7154:
7149:
7144:
7139:
7134:
7132:Gas compressor
7129:
7127:Fluid dynamics
7124:
7119:
7114:
7109:
7104:
7099:
7094:
7088:
7086:
7080:
7079:
7072:
7071:
7064:
7057:
7049:
7043:
7042:
7032:
7022:
7015:
7008:
6998:
6997:External links
6995:
6993:
6992:
6966:978-1555914509
6965:
6945:
6926:(2): 144–154.
6910:
6878:ASHRAE Journal
6861:
6835:978-1931956024
6834:
6811:
6797:978-0521058032
6796:
6775:
6736:
6703:
6668:
6622:
6579:
6531:
6504:(3): 271–280.
6488:
6463:
6440:
6425:
6390:
6383:
6365:
6330:
6280:
6251:978-9881925350
6250:
6215:
6170:(2): 475–484.
6147:
6118:(2): 191–197.
6098:
6069:(3): 165–173.
6042:
5997:(3): 315–323.
5976:
5927:
5890:(4): 322–327.
5867:
5830:(2): 197–204.
5810:
5793:
5787:978-3036507040
5786:
5766:
5759:
5733:
5727:978-0121764821
5726:
5707:
5676:
5667:|journal=
5633:
5598:Applied Energy
5584:
5568:
5519:
5508:(3): 609–643.
5492:
5443:
5384:
5354:
5305:
5278:(5): 426–431.
5258:
5204:
5154:
5124:
5107:Harvard Health
5092:
5057:
5050:
5030:
4998:
4966:
4936:
4905:
4875:
4839:
4819:Carrier Global
4803:
4767:
4737:
4706:
4675:
4668:
4648:
4641:
4621:
4592:
4561:
4531:
4505:
4475:
4460:. April 2016.
4445:
4415:
4397:. p. 19.
4379:
4345:
4314:
4269:
4233:
4203:
4167:
4137:
4107:
4068:
4031:
4000:
3964:
3934:
3927:
3907:
3900:
3880:
3850:
3823:
3796:
3765:
3732:
3692:
3660:
3642:. March 2021.
3628:
3609:
3579:
3541:
3503:
3449:
3447:
3446:
3423:
3406:Carrier Global
3393:
3376:Carrier Global
3363:
3346:Carrier Global
3333:
3302:
3275:(2): 117–138.
3259:
3232:
3201:
3171:
3140:
3134:978-0762761692
3133:
3113:
3100:
3070:
3032:
2991:
2974:978-0231121989
2973:
2947:
2906:
2860:
2834:978-0395938881
2833:
2804:
2778:
2747:
2713:
2702:(3): 271–280.
2681:
2647:
2617:
2610:
2590:
2538:
2533:10.1086/684582
2527:(1): 105–159.
2502:
2472:
2454:
2447:
2427:
2420:
2401:
2385:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2314:
2311:
2286:Main article:
2283:
2280:
2259:
2256:
2189:Main article:
2186:
2183:
2133:
2130:
2040:
2032:
2030:
2027:
1979:Dogtrot houses
1961:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1924:
1921:
1917:cooling spaces
1893:
1892:Social effects
1890:
1856:climate change
1841:CFCs and HCFCs
1829:climate change
1788:
1785:
1774:mortality rate
1757:
1754:
1724:hypoallergenic
1703:kidney failure
1652:
1651:Health effects
1649:
1647:
1644:
1636:
1635:
1630:Main article:
1625:
1622:
1614:turndown ratio
1605:
1602:
1596:
1593:
1583:
1582:Hot gas bypass
1580:
1567:
1564:
1555:Main article:
1552:
1549:
1544:
1543:
1538:Main article:
1533:
1530:
1502:
1501:
1496:Main article:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1462:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1442:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1379:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1366:
1365:small – large
1363:
1353:
1352:Reciprocating
1349:
1348:
1347:Repairability
1345:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1324:
1321:
1311:
1308:
1288:Main article:
1277:
1274:
1246:
1245:Portable units
1243:
1239:cooling towers
1226:fan coil units
1191:
1188:
1167:
1164:
1139:cross-flow fan
1114:
1111:
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924:small – large
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813:Main article:
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754:
747:Remote control
742:
739:
737:
736:Control system
734:
698:
666:
663:
621:and act as an
611:Main article:
608:
605:
587:uses the same
526:Main article:
523:
520:
518:
515:
509:to 62% in the
479:climate change
463:
460:
397:Willis Carrier
389:
386:
373:James Harrison
271:freezing point
269:far below its
258:
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250:
209:
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182:United Nations
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9474:Clothes dryer
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9212:Roof sheeting
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9167:Lightning rod
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9095:Roof elements
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9067:Sawtooth roof
9065:
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9047:Pavilion roof
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8740:Kitchen stove
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8537:Clothes dryer
8535:
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8528:
8525:
8523:
8522:Bread machine
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8287:
8286:
8284:
8282:organizations
8278:
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8239:
8237:
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8232:
8229:
8227:
8226:Duct cleaning
8224:
8222:
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8077:Control valve
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8009:
8006:
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8000:
7998:
7997:Turning vanes
7995:
7993:
7990:
7988:
7985:
7983:
7980:
7978:
7975:
7973:
7972:Thermal wheel
7970:
7968:
7965:
7963:
7960:
7958:
7955:
7953:
7950:
7948:
7945:
7943:
7940:
7938:
7937:Solar chimney
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7713:
7710:
7708:
7707:Fan coil unit
7705:
7703:
7700:
7698:
7695:
7693:
7690:
7688:
7685:
7683:
7680:
7678:
7675:
7673:
7670:
7668:
7665:
7663:
7660:
7658:
7655:
7653:
7652:Cooling tower
7650:
7648:
7645:
7643:
7640:
7638:
7635:
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7628:
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7507:
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7499:
7498:Vapor barrier
7496:
7494:
7491:
7489:
7486:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7476:
7474:
7473:Solar heating
7471:
7469:
7468:Solar cooling
7466:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7456:
7454:
7451:
7449:
7446:
7444:
7443:Refrigeration
7441:
7439:
7436:
7434:
7431:
7429:
7426:
7424:
7421:
7419:
7416:
7414:
7413:Passive house
7411:
7409:
7406:
7404:
7401:
7399:
7396:
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7389:
7386:
7384:
7381:
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7313:
7311:
7308:
7305:
7302:
7300:
7297:
7295:
7292:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7283:Chilled water
7281:
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7190:
7188:
7185:
7183:
7182:Sensible heat
7180:
7178:
7175:
7173:
7170:
7168:
7165:
7163:
7162:Noise control
7160:
7158:
7155:
7153:
7150:
7148:
7145:
7143:
7142:Heat transfer
7140:
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6499:
6492:
6481:September 18,
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5034:
5015:
5008:
5002:
4983:
4976:
4970:
4954:
4950:
4946:
4940:
4924:
4920:
4916:
4909:
4893:
4889:
4885:
4879:
4860:
4856:
4849:
4843:
4824:
4820:
4813:
4807:
4788:
4784:
4777:
4771:
4755:
4751:
4747:
4741:
4725:
4721:
4717:
4710:
4694:
4690:
4686:
4679:
4671:
4665:
4661:
4660:
4652:
4644:
4638:
4635:. CRC Press.
4634:
4633:
4625:
4609:
4605:
4599:
4597:
4580:
4576:
4575:buildings.com
4572:
4565:
4549:
4545:
4541:
4535:
4520:
4519:HPAC Magazine
4516:
4509:
4493:
4489:
4485:
4479:
4463:
4459:
4455:
4449:
4433:
4429:
4425:
4419:
4400:
4396:
4389:
4383:
4368:
4364:
4360:
4356:
4349:
4333:
4326:
4325:
4318:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4282:
4281:
4273:
4254:
4250:
4249:TE Technology
4243:
4237:
4221:
4217:
4213:
4207:
4188:
4184:
4183:TE Technology
4177:
4171:
4155:
4151:
4147:
4141:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4111:
4092:
4088:
4081:
4075:
4073:
4053:
4049:
4042:
4035:
4019:
4015:
4011:
4004:
3985:
3981:
3974:
3968:
3952:
3948:
3947:Samsung India
3944:
3938:
3930:
3924:
3920:
3919:
3911:
3903:
3897:
3893:
3892:
3884:
3868:
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3807:
3800:
3784:
3780:
3776:
3769:
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3749:
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3708:
3701:
3699:
3697:
3677:
3670:
3664:
3645:
3638:
3632:
3619:
3613:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3583:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3545:
3529:
3525:
3521:
3517:
3513:
3507:
3499:
3495:
3489:
3470:
3459:
3453:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3427:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3397:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3367:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3337:
3330:
3317:
3313:
3306:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3263:
3247:
3243:
3236:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3205:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3159:
3154:
3147:
3145:
3136:
3130:
3126:
3125:
3117:
3110:
3107:Gorrie, John
3104:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3079:"John Gorrie"
3074:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3037:
3028:
3022:
3006:
3002:
2995:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2970:
2966:
2961:
2960:
2951:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2917:
2910:
2903:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2873:
2872:
2864:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2830:
2826:
2825:
2820:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2792:
2788:
2782:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2751:
2735:
2731:
2730:
2722:
2720:
2718:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2669:
2665:
2664:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2621:
2613:
2607:
2603:
2602:
2594:
2575:
2568:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2476:
2468:
2467:
2458:
2450:
2444:
2440:
2439:
2431:
2423:
2417:
2413:
2412:
2405:
2397:
2396:
2389:
2373:
2369:
2363:
2359:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2310:
2306:
2303:
2294:
2289:
2279:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2265:
2264:cold at night
2255:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2244:water-powered
2241:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2192:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2173:
2168:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2153:solar heating
2150:
2146:
2138:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2076:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2049:
2044:
2037:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1987:
1980:
1976:
1970:
1965:
1958:
1947:
1945:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1901:
1898:
1897:Socioeconomic
1889:
1887:
1883:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1867:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1793:
1784:
1782:
1777:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1762:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1730:, especially
1729:
1725:
1720:
1717:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1666:
1662:
1657:
1643:
1641:
1633:
1628:
1627:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1610:control valve
1601:
1592:
1589:
1579:
1577:
1573:
1563:
1558:
1548:
1541:
1536:
1535:
1529:
1528:and valves.
1527:
1526:cylinder head
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1499:
1494:
1493:
1490:Reciprocating
1482:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1425:Rotary screw
1424:
1423:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1320:
1318:
1317:rooftop units
1307:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1291:
1282:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1231:heat capacity
1227:
1223:
1219:
1218:chilled water
1215:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1163:
1161:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1145:in 1973, and
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1119:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1093:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
988:
987:
983:
980:
977:
974:
971:
970:
966:
963:
960:
957:
954:
953:
949:
946:
943:
940:
937:
936:
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
919:
915:
912:
909:
906:
903:
902:
892:
890:
885:
883:
879:
875:
865:
855:
846:
835:
826:
816:
806:
803:
800:
786:
774:
762:
752:
748:
733:
731:
730:Dehumidifying
726:
724:
720:
716:
712:
707:
705:
701:
694:
690:
686:
680:
676:
672:
662:
660:
656:
652:
648:
643:
639:
636:
630:
628:
624:
620:
614:
604:
602:
597:
593:
590:
586:
580:
578:
573:
571:
567:
562:
558:
551:
547:
543:
539:
534:
529:
514:
512:
508:
504:
500:
495:
491:
487:
482:
480:
476:
471:
469:
459:
457:
453:
449:
443:
441:
437:
432:
429:
425:
421:
416:
414:
410:
406:
398:
394:
388:First devices
385:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
353:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
308:
306:
302:
301:Francis Bacon
298:
294:
290:
286:
285:
284:Natural Magic
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
249:
246:
237:
233:
229:
227:
223:
219:
215:
205:
203:
200:, and better
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
170:
168:
164:
160:
155:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
108:
104:
100:
90:
81:
70:
61:
52:
48:
44:
37:
33:
19:
9597:Applications
9578:Water heater
9553:Refrigerator
9533:Mobile phone
9463:
9436:Piezotronics
9242:Solar panels
9157:Hanging beam
9101:
9052:Rhombic roof
9042:Mansard roof
9022:Gambrel roof
8997:Conical roof
8809:Refrigerator
8755:Riding mower
8735:Kitchen hood
8559:Dehumidifier
8549:Clothes iron
8500:Air purifier
8484:
8404:Fireproofing
8188:and services
8184:Professions,
8082:Gas detector
7982:Trickle vent
7957:Smoke damper
7952:Smoke canopy
7947:Space heater
7877:Plenum space
7812:Heating film
7692:Exhaust hood
7662:Dehumidifier
7602:Blast damper
7597:Barrier pipe
7572:Air purifier
7483:Thermosiphon
7362:Free cooling
7278:Chilled beam
7242:
7202:Thermal mass
7187:Stack effect
7172:Particulates
7152:Infiltration
7083:Fundamental
7034:
7024:
6983:. Retrieved
6955:
6948:
6923:
6919:
6913:
6901:. Retrieved
6881:
6877:
6864:
6852:. Retrieved
6824:
6814:
6787:
6753:
6749:
6739:
6720:
6716:
6706:
6681:
6677:
6671:
6638:
6634:
6592:
6588:
6582:
6573:
6551:
6547:
6501:
6497:
6491:
6479:. Retrieved
6475:
6466:
6449:
6443:
6428:
6403:
6399:
6393:
6374:
6368:
6343:
6339:
6333:
6298:
6294:
6283:
6271:. Retrieved
6233:
6225:
6218:
6167:
6163:
6115:
6111:
6101:
6066:
6062:
5994:
5991:Epidemiology
5990:
5979:
5947:(1): 15–24.
5944:
5940:
5930:
5887:
5883:
5827:
5823:
5813:
5796:
5776:
5769:
5742:
5736:
5716:
5710:
5698:. Retrieved
5689:
5679:
5658:cite journal
5601:
5597:
5587:
5577:
5571:
5536:
5532:
5522:
5505:
5501:
5495:
5460:
5456:
5446:
5401:
5397:
5387:
5375:. Retrieved
5366:
5357:
5325:(2): 83–89.
5322:
5318:
5308:
5275:
5271:
5261:
5226:
5222:
5195:. Retrieved
5170:
5166:
5157:
5145:. Retrieved
5136:
5127:
5115:. Retrieved
5106:
5095:
5083:. Retrieved
5079:the original
5074:
5070:
5060:
5040:
5033:
5021:. Retrieved
5001:
4989:. Retrieved
4969:
4957:. Retrieved
4949:studylib.net
4948:
4939:
4927:. Retrieved
4918:
4908:
4896:. Retrieved
4887:
4878:
4866:. Retrieved
4854:
4842:
4830:. Retrieved
4818:
4806:
4794:. Retrieved
4782:
4770:
4758:. Retrieved
4749:
4740:
4728:. Retrieved
4719:
4709:
4697:. Retrieved
4689:Canstar Blue
4688:
4678:
4658:
4651:
4631:
4624:
4612:. Retrieved
4583:. Retrieved
4574:
4564:
4552:. Retrieved
4543:
4534:
4522:. Retrieved
4518:
4508:
4496:. Retrieved
4487:
4478:
4466:. Retrieved
4457:
4448:
4436:. Retrieved
4427:
4418:
4406:. Retrieved
4394:
4382:
4370:. Retrieved
4358:
4348:
4336:. Retrieved
4323:
4317:
4305:. Retrieved
4279:
4272:
4260:. Retrieved
4253:the original
4248:
4236:
4224:. Retrieved
4215:
4206:
4194:. Retrieved
4187:the original
4182:
4170:
4158:. Retrieved
4149:
4140:
4128:. Retrieved
4119:
4110:
4098:. Retrieved
4086:
4059:. Retrieved
4047:
4034:
4022:. Retrieved
4013:
4003:
3991:. Retrieved
3984:the original
3979:
3967:
3955:. Retrieved
3946:
3937:
3917:
3910:
3890:
3883:
3871:. Retrieved
3862:
3853:
3841:. Retrieved
3826:
3814:. Retrieved
3799:
3787:. Retrieved
3779:The Guardian
3778:
3768:
3756:. Retrieved
3747:
3735:
3710:
3706:
3683:. Retrieved
3663:
3651:. Retrieved
3631:
3612:
3600:. Retrieved
3592:50states.com
3591:
3582:
3570:. Retrieved
3553:
3544:
3532:. Retrieved
3515:
3506:
3476:. Retrieved
3452:
3442:
3426:
3414:. Retrieved
3405:
3396:
3384:. Retrieved
3375:
3366:
3354:. Retrieved
3345:
3336:
3327:
3320:. Retrieved
3305:
3272:
3268:
3262:
3250:. Retrieved
3235:
3223:. Retrieved
3214:
3204:
3192:. Retrieved
3156:
3123:
3116:
3103:
3091:. Retrieved
3082:
3073:
3061:. Retrieved
3052:
3009:. Retrieved
2994:
2986:
2958:
2950:
2938:. Retrieved
2926:
2922:
2909:
2901:
2894:. Retrieved
2870:
2863:
2851:. Retrieved
2823:
2795:. Retrieved
2790:
2781:
2769:. Retrieved
2760:
2750:
2738:. Retrieved
2728:
2699:
2695:
2672:. Retrieved
2662:
2638:. Retrieved
2629:
2620:
2600:
2593:
2581:. Retrieved
2524:
2520:
2493:. Retrieved
2484:
2475:
2464:
2457:
2437:
2430:
2410:
2404:
2394:
2388:
2376:. Retrieved
2362:
2349:Particulates
2324:Air purifier
2307:
2299:
2268:
2261:
2252:Song dynasty
2239:
2230:
2227:Tang dynasty
2208:
2194:
2169:
2143:
2124:stack effect
2122:
2115:roof lantern
2104:
2087:windcatchers
2062:
2052:
2018:
2012:
2006:
1992:
1941:
1933:microclimate
1926:
1913:heat islands
1902:
1895:
1879:
1868:
1844:refrigerants
1822:
1798:
1778:
1763:
1759:
1735:
1721:
1707:hyperthermia
1696:perspiration
1685:
1637:
1607:
1598:
1585:
1569:
1560:
1545:
1503:
1468:Centrifugal
1445:Centrifugal
1382:Rotary vane
1369:
1356:Refrigerator
1313:
1293:
1271:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1222:air handlers
1220:pumped into
1211:
1205:
1169:
1128:
1124:
1091:
950:Residential
933:Residential
886:
871:
796:
727:
718:
708:
682:
644:
640:
634:
631:
616:
596:Free cooling
594:
585:dehumidifier
581:
574:
557:phase change
554:
483:
472:
465:
444:
433:
417:
402:
354:
309:
282:
267:temperatures
260:
242:
230:
216:, in modern
211:
198:windcatchers
171:
156:
123:
119:
115:
114:
51:
9704:electronics
9508:Home cinema
9446:Spintronics
9386:Atomtronics
9299:Electronics
9252:Weathervane
9227:Roof window
9197:Roof garden
9192:Roof batten
9122:Collar beam
9077:Tented roof
9062:Saddle roof
9057:Ridged roof
9017:Gablet roof
8977:Bochka roof
8967:Barrel roof
8962:Arched roof
8954:Roof shapes
8873:Waffle iron
8836:Slow cooker
8826:Rice cooker
8767:Leaf blower
8554:Coffeemaker
8495:Air ioniser
8414:Warm Spaces
8056:Blower door
8034:and control
8032:Measurement
8013:Windcatcher
7987:Trombe wall
7927:Sail switch
7907:Refrigerant
7902:Recuperator
7777:Grease duct
7737:Freeze stat
7722:Fire damper
7592:Back boiler
7562:Air ionizer
7557:Air handler
7521:Ventilation
7373:Hybrid heat
7238:Air barrier
7157:Latent heat
6346:: 201–238.
5197:December 9,
5085:February 9,
4524:February 9,
4438:January 21,
4262:February 9,
3685:February 9,
3653:February 9,
2929:: 208–234.
2640:December 9,
2248:jet streams
2217:invented a
2215:Han dynasty
2191:Ceiling fan
2024:buildings".
2009:ventilation
1873:. With the
1852:ozone layer
1692:dehydration
1688:heat stroke
1588:refrigerant
1522:piston ring
1474:very large
1451:very large
1344:Durability
1341:Efficiency
1151:air handler
1086:Commercial
1077:very large
1069:Commercial
1060:very large
1052:Commercial
1035:Commercial
1018:Commercial
921:Mini-split
910:Air supply
665:Performance
651:heating oil
647:natural gas
436:Minneapolis
365:John Gorrie
340:evaporation
316:John Hadley
287:. In 1620,
252:Development
186:sustainable
18:Central air
9762:Categories
9708:Multimedia
9698:technology
9573:Television
9503:Home robot
9493:Dishwasher
9455:Electronic
9257:Wind brace
9222:Roof truss
9217:Roof tiles
9207:Roof ridge
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9147:Green roof
9037:Onion dome
9012:Gable roof
8992:Clerestory
8972:Board roof
8750:Lawn mower
8705:Humidifier
8695:Hair dryer
8673:Fan heater
8588:Deep fryer
8581:comparison
8564:Dishwasher
8527:Bug zapper
8170:Thermostat
8092:Humidistat
8023:Zone valve
7992:TurboSwing
7867:Oil heater
7837:Humidifier
7767:Gas heater
7717:Fan heater
7687:Evaporator
7672:Economizer
7647:Compressor
7552:Air filter
7535:Components
7352:Forced-air
7248:Antifreeze
7221:Technology
7167:Outgassing
7107:Convection
6985:August 25,
6756:: 111406.
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5457:Demography
5147:August 24,
5012:. Daikin.
3713:: 102299.
2877:. London.
2572:(Report).
2466:Humanities
2378:January 6,
2355:References
2319:Air filter
2271:ice houses
2240:Tang Yulin
2231:Liang Dian
2219:rotary fan
2200:prehistory
2110:shuksheika
2069:heat sinks
2048:wind tower
1886:solar gain
1818:insulation
1766:birth rate
1750:Legionella
1711:Heat waves
1698:fluid and
1514:piston rod
1510:crankshaft
1483:very hard
1480:very high
1315:on roofs (
1266:air-to-air
1258:air-to-air
1194:See also:
1180:evaporator
882:thermistor
815:Thermostat
550:compressor
548:, 4)
544:, 3)
540:, 2)
475:GDP growth
148:Heat pumps
9696:Microwave
9568:Telephone
9457:equipment
9431:Photonics
9072:Shed roof
9007:Flat roof
8700:Hair iron
8663:bladeless
8490:Air fryer
8280:Industry
8129:OpenTherm
7807:Heat pump
7802:Heat pipe
7752:Fume hood
7727:Fireplace
7632:Condenser
7582:Attic fan
7378:Hydronics
6975:905564174
6890:0001-2491
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5555:0378-7788
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5245:2642-6641
5187:0950-4125
4367:1059-1028
4160:March 28,
4130:March 29,
4100:March 29,
3562:0032-4558
3524:0161-7370
3297:116582893
3289:0971-8044
3269:Resonance
3181:1833-7538
2983:785781471
2843:421754998
2797:April 10,
2368:"Air Con"
2329:Cleanroom
2276:icemakers
2211:Ding Huan
2196:Hand fans
2172:envelopes
1969:earthship
1728:allergies
1661:condenser
1506:crankcase
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1304:heat pump
1262:monoblock
1254:monoblock
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1023:Cassette
955:Portable
913:Mounting
864:Indonesia
725:(ESEER).
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655:fireplace
613:Heat pump
577:dew point
517:Operation
418:In 1906,
326:(such as
310:In 1758,
261:In 1558,
245:deep plan
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9746:Wireless
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9479:Computer
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9202:Roofline
9137:Flashing
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9032:Hip roof
8982:Bow roof
8892:See also
8799:Pie iron
8710:Icemaker
8633:Epilator
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8046:Aquastat
7912:Register
7892:Radiator
7547:Air door
7347:Firestop
7147:Humidity
7122:Enthalpy
7112:Dilution
7097:Bake-out
7085:concepts
6979:Archived
6894:Archived
6848:Archived
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6617:25428501
6575:warming.
6476:phys.org
6264:Archived
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5139:. 2021.
5111:Archived
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4953:Archived
4951:. 2000.
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4821:. 2016.
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4754:Archived
4752:. 2015.
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2097:windward
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1770:Sun Belt
1746:chlorine
1659:Rooftop
1235:chillers
1216:such as
1083:Rooftop
1032:Ceiling
1015:Ceiling
998:Ceiling
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799:infrared
428:moisture
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132:humidity
122:(US) or
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8866:robotic
8856:central
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8685:Freezer
8668:ceiling
8510:Blender
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7622:Chiller
7294:Coolant
6928:Bibcode
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