Knowledge

10493:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. pp. 312–313. "In the aftermath of the events of 1944–1945, Cham real estate was considered as abandoned and gradually confiscated or put at the disposal of landless peasants and refugees. On the ground, the situation until the early 1950s was out of control. Legally, the real estate was supposed to pass to state ownership as set forth by Act 1539/1938 (article 54). But in practice, the abandoned and devastated plots, fields, and houses were occupied by inhabitants of the nearby villages or by the new settlers. The situation soon became chaotic and the local police were unable to establish order. Finally, LDs 2180/1952, 2185/1952 (FEK A 217), and LD 2781/1954 (FEK A 45) regulated the transfer of ownership, and LD 2536/1953 (FEK A 225) legalized the resettlement of the empty Cham villages by newcomers from other places in Greece. According to article 17 of the LD 3958/1959 (FEKA 133), the residents of the mountainous areas of Filiates and Paramythia as well as those of 'Greek descent' originating from Northern Epirus were allowed to settle in the 'abandoned Muslim plots of Thesprotia'. The policy of national homogenization remained incomplete, however, until the 1970s, when the Hellenization of the former Muslim property was completed. This guaranteed the population’s loyalty to the state and minimized Greece’s Muslim population. As mentioned earlier, numerous Muslims of Greece chose to obtain foreign citizenship in order to be exempt from the population exchange or for other reasons. Some Chams acquired Albanian citizenship, although they could remain in Greece as citizens of 'Albanian origin'. After 1945, those who held Albanian citizenship faced expropriation of their property as its legal status was that of 'enemy property', since Albania was a conquered territory of fascist Italy and a nemesis of Greece during World War II. Thus, Albanian real estate was sequestrated according to Act 2636/1940 (FEK A 379) and Act 13/1944 (FEK A 11), which, in theory, should not have affected ownership per se. Much of this real estate remains sequestrated to this day and is registered at the Office of Sequestration based in Athens. According to article 38 of the LD 1138/1949 (FEK A 257) amending Act 2636/1940, sequestration can be abolished by joint decision of the Ministers of Interior, Economy, Justice, and the Prime Minister. Income gained by the sequestrated real estate is kept in special accounts at the Bank of Greece. It is worth noting that inhabitants of Albania (Albanian citizens) of Greek origin were exempt from sequestration or expropriation (Ministerial Decision, Minister of the Finance, 144862/3574/17.6.1947, FEK B 93). This reading of the category 'of origin', reflects the ideological nature of policies aimed at ethnicizing land ownership. According to several court decisions, the Albanian property would remain under sequestration until the removal of the state of war between the two countries. However, even though the Greek government declared the state of war with Albania to be over in 1987, the sequestration of Albanian estates was continued, as the declaration was not legally ratified. Such measures do not comply with legal standards set by international instruments banning discrimination on grounds of ethnicity (ICCPR, ECHR etc.). Meanwhile, LD 2180/1952 on 'the compulsory expropriation of lands for the restitution of the landless farmers and cattle-breeders' authorized special committees to take possession of the properties and then bestow them on persons entitled to a share. In practice, such persons were squatters tolerated by the authorities during the Civil War or later. These persons received title deeds in the late 1950s until the 1970s." 2312: 10276:. Princeton University Press. pp. 74–75. "In short, there was a continual production of ambiguity in Epirus about these people, and an assertion that a final conclusion about the Tsamides was impossible. The few people I meet in Thesprotia who agreed that they were Tsamides were singularly reluctant to discuss anything to do with differences between themselves and anyone else. One older man said, 'Who told you I’m a Tsamis? I’m no different from anyone else.' That was as far as the conversation went. Another man, Having heard me speaking to some people in a Kafeneio in Thesprotia on the subject, followed me out of the shop as I left, to explain to me why people would not talk about Tsamides; he did not was to speak to me about it in the hearing of others: They had a bad reputation, you see. They were accused of being thieves and armatoloi. But you can see for yourself, there not much to live on around here. If some of them did act that way, it was because they had to, to survive. But there were good people too, you know; in any population, you get good people and bad people. My grandfather and my father after him were barrel makers, they were honest men. They made barrels for oil and tsipouro. I’m sorry that people have not been able to help you do your work. It’s just very difficult; it’s a difficult subject. This man went on to explain that his father was also involved in distilling tsipouro, and he proceeded to draw a still for me in my notebook, to explain the process of making this spirit. But he would not talk about any more about Tsamides and certainly never referred to himself as being Tsamis." 9936:, p. 187. "The social component of the respective redistribution or property transfers is evident. At the point where the "national" redistribution halted in the prewar period, the "hellenization" of property was taken up once and for all after the war. The economic mobilization of loyal majority groups (i.e., Vlachs along the entire northern Greek border) for the purposes of national homogenization was more often than not carried out to the disadvantage of minorities. In this case it was combined with a strategic purpose, namely the "national stabilization" of the border region and the guarantee of ideological and thus military loyalty to the central state. This becomes evident in a series of laws giving a social or populist character to the expropriation of the Chams and explicitly concerned with supporting border settlers: Athanasakos (n. d.:70 f.) names: 1. N.Δ. 2536/1953 "on the resettlement of the border regions and the enforcement of these populations" art. 6. and 2. N. Δ. 2180/1952 "on the compulsory expropriation of lands for the restitution of the landless farmers and cattle-breeders" which were completed and modified later. According to the aforementioned, the financial revenue office took possession of the properties. In coordination with the direction for agriculture and under the Committee for the expropriations they were bestowed on persons entitled to a share. According to the same author, these persons received title-deeds in the 1960s to 1970s by buying them for the amounts defined by the Committee. The owners of urban properties received acts of concession." 10106:. Princeton University Press. pp. 74–75. "Over time, and with some difficulty, I began to understand that the particular part of Thesprotia being referred to was the borderland area, and that the 'terrible people' were not all the peoples associated with Thesprotia but more specifically peoples known as the Tsamides –though they were rarely explicitly named as such in the Pogoni area. One of the few people who did explicitly refer to them was Spiros, the man from Despotiko on the southern Kasidiaris (next to the Thesprotia border) who had willingly fought with the communists during the civil war. He blamed widespread negative attitudes toward the Tsamides on two things: first, that in the past they were perceived to be 'Turks' in the same way as Albanian speaking Muslims had been perceived to be 'Turks'; and second, there had been particularly intense propaganda against them during the two wars –propaganda that had led to large numbers of Tsamides' being summarily killed by EDES forces under General Zervas. Zervas believed they had helped the Italian and later German forces when they invaded Greece, and thus ordered a campaign against them in retribution. Spiros went on to recall that two young men from Despotiko had rescued one endangered Tsamis boy after they came across him when they were in Thesprotia to buy oil. They brought him back to the village with them, and Spiros had baptized him in a barrel (many Tsamides were Muslim) in the local monastery. In the end, the boy had grown up, married in the village, and stayed there." 7398:. 1997. p. 168. "Ο Ισμαήλ Κεμάλ υπογράμμιζε ότι για να επιβάλει στη σύσκεψη την άποψη του να μην επεκταθεί το κίνημα τους πέραν της Κάτω Αλβανίας, και ταυτόχρονα για να υποδείξει τον τρόπο δράσης που έπρεπε να ακολουθήσουν οι αρχηγοί σε περίπτωση που θα συμμετείχαν σ' αυτό με δική τους πρωτοβουλία και οι Νότιοι Αλβανοί, θα έπρεπε να αποφασίσει η κυβέρνηση την παροχή έκτακτης βοήθειας και να του κοινοποιήσει τις οριστικές αποφάσεις της για την προώθηση του προγράμματος της συνεννόησης, ώστε να ενισχυθεί το κύρος του μεταξύ των συμπατριωτών του. Ειδικότερα δε ο Ισμαήλ Κεμάλ ζητούσε να χρηματοδοτηθεί ο Μουχαρέμ Ρουσήτ, ώστε να μην οργανώσει κίνημα στην περιοχή, όπου κατοικούσαν οι Τσάμηδες, επειδή σ' αυτήν ήταν ο μόνος ικανός για κάτι τέτοιο. Η ελληνική κυβέρνηση, ενήμερη πλέον για την έκταση που είχε πάρει η επαναστατική δράση στο βιλαέτι Ιωαννίνων, πληροφόρησε τον Κεμάλ αρχικά στις 6 Ιουλίου, ότι ήταν διατεθειμένη να βοηθήσει το αλβανικό κίνημα μόνο προς βορράν των Ακροκεραυνίων, και εφόσον οι επαναστάτες θα επι ζητούσαν την εκπλήρωση εθνικών στόχων, εναρμονισμένων με το πρόγραμμα των εθνοτήτων. Την άποψη αυτή φαινόταν να συμμερίζονται μερικοί επαναστάτες αρχηγοί του Κοσσυφοπεδίου. Αντίθετα, προς νότον των Ακροκεραυνίων, η κυβέρνηση δεν θα αναγνώριζε καμιά αλβανική ενέργεια. Απέκρουε γι' αυτόν το λόγο κάθε συνεννόηση του Κεμάλ με τους Τσάμηδες, δεχόταν όμως να συνεργασθεί αυτός, αν χρειαζόταν, με τους επαναστάτες στηνπεριοχή του Αυλώνα." 2827: 8849:. 2009. p. 5. "Despite the crisis in relations between Athens and Tirana and the broader problems this caused, the Venizelos government (1928–32) seemed determined to intensify efforts for the improvement of the Çams' situation on the economic and social levels. The first issue that had to be dealt with was definitely the land one and the government made efforts to settle the issue of reimbursement, for this constituted a permanent source of grievances for the Albanian population. Thus, by mid 1931 a law was passed which provided for the direct payment of reimbursement to Greek citizens through their granting of analogous bonds and the direct return of improperly expropriated urban properties. Indeed, some Albanian families began to respond to these new favorable regulations and to accept the reimbursement determined by the state. On the other hand, the Albanian state accepted the Greek proposal for the payment of indemnification in bonds, thus freeing the way for the promulgation of the relevant legislation on 15 June 1933 and the hastening of the process of paying indemnification to the Albanian citizens. According to information from the Greek embassy in Tirana, by the middle of 1935 a great number of Albanian demands had been satisfied and consequently one of the most chronic problems for Greek-Albanian relations seemed at least to be coursing towards settlement". 8174:. 2009. p. 3. "According to the conclusions of the Greek authorities, at that time the Çams of Epirus did not yet have a clearly developed ethnic consciousness. Perhaps they felt themselves more Muslim than Albanians or Turks; it was religion that played the prime role in their self-determination. This also explains the general confusion which initially prevailed amongst them regarding what their position should ultimately be, i.e. if they should take part in the exchange and depart for Turkey or remain in the regions where they were living. The conclusions that the three-member delegation arrived at, together with the incessant disagreements and mutual recriminations exchanged between the Greek and the Albanian sides, ultimately led to the Council of the League of Nations September 1924 decision. This called for the treatment of the whole matter as an issue connected with the implementation of the Treaty on the Protection of Minorities and required the gathering of more information. Thus, the three neutral members of the Mixed Commission decided to visit Epirus in order to examine the situation from up close, a visit which took place in June, 1925. In the end what the three members ascertained through meetings they had with various representatives of the Çams did not differ essentially from the conclusions which the three-member delegation had come to a year earlier" 2505: 6043:. p. XXIX. "Chameria is a mountainous region of the southwestern Balkan Peninsula that now straddles the Greek-Albanian border. Most of Chameria is in the Greek Province of Epirus, corresponding largely to the prefectures of Thesprotia and Preveza, but it also includes the southernmost part of Albania, the area around Konispol. It is approximately 10,000 square kilometres in size and has a current, mostly Greek-speaking population of about 150,000. As an historical region, Chameria, also spelled Chamuria, Chamouria or Tsiamouria, is sometimes confused with Epirus which is in fact a much larger area that includes more inland territory in northwestern Greece, for example, the town of Janina/loannina, and also much of southern Albania. Geographically speaking, Chameria begins to the north at the rivers Pavlle and Shalës in the southern part of Albania. It stretches southwards along the Ionian coastline in Greece down to Preveza and the Gulf of Arta, which in the nineteenth century formed the border between Albania and Greece. It does not include the island of Corfu or the region of Janina to the east. The core or central region of Chameria, known in Greek as Thesprotia, could be said to be the basins of the Kalamas and Acheron Rivers. It was the Kalamas River, known in ancient times as the 'Thyamis, that gave Chameria its name." 10263: 7731:. 1997. p. 360-361: "Μετά το τέλος του πολέμου στην περιοχή επικρατούσε έκρυθμη κατάσταση, και οι ελληνικές αρχές είχαν υπόνοιες για την οργάνωση σ' αυτήν, μελλοντικά, κάποιου κινήματος, μετά από συνεννόηση πιθανώς των Τσάμηδων με τους Ιταλούς εκπροσώπους και την κυβέρνηση του Αυλώνα, η οποία διατηρούσε δίκτυο κατασκοπείας των κινήσεων του ελληνικού στρατού. Κανένα αξιόλογο κίνημα δεν διοργανώθηκε όμως στο τμήμα Ρεσαδιέ, μετά τη διενέργεια του αφοπλισμού . Βέβαιο είναι, ότι οι Τσάμηδες, που βρίσκονταν στον Αυλώνα, μαζί με πρόσφυγες από την Κορυτσά και το Αργυρόκαστρο, πήραν μέρος σε συλλαλητήριο, που έγινε στην πόλη στις 22 Μαΐου με την παρότρυνση των προξένων των δύο Αδριατικών Δυνάμεων, για να διαμαρτυρηθούν "κατά της περικοπής των συνόρων της Αλβανίας υπέρ της Ελλάδος", που θα είχε ως αποτέλεσμα να περιέλθει το σαντζάκι Ρεσαδιέ στην Ελλάδα. Οι ίδιοι απηύθυναν τέλος αναφορά προς τον ' Αγγλο Υπουργό Εξωτερικών, με την οποία κατήγγειλαν φόνους και διώξεις των Αλβανών προκρίτων από τα ελληνικά σώματα και τις ελληνικές αρχές. Την αναφορά αυτή διέψευσε λίγο αργότερα η ελληνική κυβέρνηση με συγκεκριμένα στοιχεία." 10224:. Retrieved 18 April 2015. "Οι Αρβανίτες αυτοί είναι σε εδαφική συνέχεια με την Αλβανία, με την παρεμβολή του ελληνόφωνου Βούρκου (Vurg) εντός της Αλβανίας, και η Αλβανική που μιλιέται εκεί ακόμα, η Τσάμικη, είναι η νοτιότερη υποδιάλεκτος του κεντρικού κορμού της Αλβανικής, αλλά έμεινε ουσιαστικά εκτός του εθνικού χώρου όπου κωδικοποιήθηκε η Αλβανική ως επίσημη γλώσσα του κράτους..... Οι αλβανόφωνοι χριστιανοί θεωρούν τους εαυτούς τους Έλληνες. Στα Ελληνικά αποκαλούν τη γλώσσα τους "Αρβανίτικα", όπως εξ άλλου όλοι οι Αρβανίτες της Ελλάδας, στα Αρβανίτικα όμως την ονομάζουν "Σκιπ""..... "The Albanian idiom still spoken there, Çamërisht, is the southernmost sub-dialect of the main body of the Albanian language, but has remained outside the national space where standard Albanian has been standardized as official language of the state..... Ethnic Albanophone Christians perceive themselves as national Greeks. When speaking Greek, members of this group call their idiom Arvanitic, just as all other Arvanites of Greece; yet, when conversing in their own idiom, they call it "Shqip"." 7630:. 1997. p. 212: "Μεταξύ των Αλβανών μπέηδων της Ηπείρου, οι περισσότεροι Λιάπηδες και Τσάμηδες, που είχαν έντονα ανθελληνικά αισθήματα, είχαν ήδη σχηματίσει άτακτα σώματα και πολεμούσαν εναντίον του ελληνικού στρατού και των ελληνικών σωμάτων, καίγοντας χωριά στις περιοχές Παραμυθιάς και Φαναριού. Ορισμένοι μπέηδες, αντίθετα, στα διαμερίσματα Δελβίνου, Αργυροκάστρου, Χείμαρρος και Μαργαριτίου φαίνονταν έτοιμοι να αποδεχθούν την ελληνική κυριαρχία, για να απαλλαγούν και από την αναρχία που συνεπαγόταν η σκιώδης τουρκική εξουσία"; p. 360: "Αλβανοί μουσουλμάνοι από το σαντζάκι Ρεσαδιέ, μετά την κατάληψη του από τον ελληνικό στρατό, διέφυγαν προς τον Αυλώνα. Πολλοί από αυτούς είχαν πολεμήσει με τους Τούρκους εναντίον των Ελλήνων, και είχαν πυρπολήσει αρκετά χωριά στα τμήματα Φιλιατών και Παραμυθιάς. Εκεί, πριν από την οριστική εγκατάσταση των ελληνικών αρχών, είχαν γίνει εναντίον τους και ορισμένες αντεκδικήσεις από τους χριστιανούς, καθώς και συγκρούσεις μεταξύ αλβανικών και ελληνικών σωμάτων." 6260:. "During the beginning of the 20th Century, the northwestern part of the Greek region of Epirus was mostly populated by an Albanian-speaking population, known under the ethnonyme "Chams" . The Chams are a distinct ethno-cultural group which consisted of two integral religious groups: Orthodox Christians and Sunni Muslims. This group lived in a geographically wide area, expanding to the north of what is today the Preveza prefecture, the western part of which is known as Fanari , covering the western part of what is today the prefecture of Thesprotia, and including a relatively small part of the region which today constitutes Albanian territory. These Albanian speaking areas were known under the name Chamouria .... Applying linguistic principles, the whole area constituted an Albanian speaking enclave, isolated at least in strict geographical terms, with a continuum of Albanian language in today’s Albania and adjoining areas, 1971:, in the wider region of which today is Southern Albania and Northwestern Greece, "it lacked the church discipline; in the churches was not performed any religious ceremony, which meant that Christianity did not have deep roots there". This combination resulted in the first wave of conversions in the beginning of the 18th century, by a number of poor farmers. At this time Muslims became the majority in a few villages like Kotsika, near Sagiada. The wars of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries between Russia and the Ottoman Empire negatively impacted upon the region. Increased conversions followed, often forced, such as those of 25 villages in 1739 which are located in current day Thesprotia prefecture. During the entire 18th century, Muslims were still a minority among the Albanian population of the region, and became the majority only in the second half of the 19th century. Estimates based on the 2112: 6091:. EIE-ΚΝΕ. pp. 50–51: "Ακόμη νοτιότερα και στο εσωτερικό της ελληνόφωνης ζώνης, παράλληλα με τις ακτές του Ιονίου, σχηματίζεται ο μεγάλος αλβανόφωνος θύλακας της Τσαμουριάς, που στο μεγαλύτερο μέρος του (με εξαίρεση την περιοχή της Κονίσπολης) πέρασε στην Ελλάδα με βάση το Πρωτόκολλο της Φλωρεντίας (1913). Στο θύλακα αυτό υπάγονταν από το σημερινό νομό Θεσπρωτίας οι επαρχίες Θυάμιδος και Μαργαριτίου και τα δυτικότερα χωριά των δύο επαρχιών Παραμυθιάς και Φιλιατών. Αλβανόφωνα ήταν και τα βόρεια τμήματα του σημερινού νομού της Πρέβεζας, όπως ο κάμπος του Φαναριού, η ενδοχώρα της Πάργας και τα παλιά παρασουλιώτικα χωριά του Ανω Αχέροντα (Ζερμή, Κρανιά, Παπαδάτες, Ρουσάτσα, Δερβίζιανα, Μουσιωτίτσα -τα δύο τελευταία υπάγονται διοικητικά στα Γιάννενα). Χωρίς να ταυτίζεται με το σύνολο του αλβανόφωνου πληθυσμού, η ομάδα των Μουσουλμάνων Τσάμηδων ήταν σημαντικό συστατικό του στοιχείο." 6652:, p. 51:Ακόμη νοτιότερα και στο εσωτερικό της ελληνόφωνης ζώνης, παράλληλα με τις ακτές του Ιονίου, σχηματίζεται ο μεγάλος αλβανόφωνος θύλακας της Τσαμουριάς, που στο μεγαλύτερο μέρος του (με εξαίρεση την περιοχή της Κονίσπολης) πέρασε στην Ελλάδα με βάση το Πρωτόκολλο της Φλωρεντίας (1913). Στο θύλακα αυτό υπάγονταν από το σημερινό νομό Θεσπρωτίας οι επαρχίες Θυάμιδος και Μαργαριτίου και τα δυτικότερα χωριά των δύο επαρχιών Παραμυθιάς και Φιλιατών. Αλβανόφωνα ήταν και τα βόρεια τμήματα του σημερινού νομού της Πρέβεζας, όπως ο κάμπος του Φαναριού, η ενδοχώρα της Πάργας και τα παλιά παρασουλιώτικα χωριά του Ανω Αχέροντα (Ζερμή, Κρανιά, Παπαδάτες, Ρουσάτσα, Δερβίζιανα, Μουσιωτίτσα -τα δύο τελευταία υπάγονται διοικητικά στα Γιάννενα). Χωρίς να ταυτίζεται με το σύνολο του αλβανόφωνου πληθυσμού, η ομάδα των Μουσουλμάνων Τσάμηδων ήταν σημαντικό συστατικό του στοιχείο 2599:, when Greece announced its full mobilisation prior to the Italian invasion, Cham Albanians requested to be included in said mobilisation; in response, Greece included them in the mobilisation but had them work in construction rather than give them arms, which alienated the Albanians. Cham Albanian community leaders were arrested and forced into exile by Greek authorities on the same day that Italy invaded Greece, giving the community indubitable proof that the Greek state held a negative perception towards the Chams and leaving their community without leadership, which probably influenced their behaviour towards the Greeks in the following months. When the Greek army reoccupied the area during the early stages of the Italian invasion, they exiled nearly the entire male population - specifically all males older than 14 - to camps on the islands of 10207:"There are still many Greek Orthodox villagers in Threspotia who speak Albanian among themselves. They are scattered north from Paramithia to the Kalamas River and beyond, and westward to the Margariti Plain. Some of the older people can only speak Albanian, nor is the language dying out. As more and more couples in early married life travel away to Athens or Germany for work, their children remain at home and are brought up by their Albania-speaking grandparents. It is still sometimes possible to distinguish between Greek- and Albanian-speaking peasant women. Nearly all of them wear traditional black clothes with a black scarf round their neck heads. Greek-speaking women tie their scarves at the back of their necks, while those who speak primarily Albanian wear their scarves in a distinctive style fastened at the side of the head." 8457:. "Although there is no sufficient written proof to support the idea, it’s almost certain that families owning very small parcels of land, or just a few small fields and a small number of sheep, were not an exception and were also present in villages.... According to a 1936 document, at the Muslim village of Liopsi there are 170 families. More than one hundred of them "prosper" as they own land at the Chamouria plain, the rest of them being "poor and driven to desperation", The Local Authorities Inspector , Jianina 30.07.1936, HAMFA, 1936, 21.1. At the document it is underlined that at the neighboring village of Kotsika 150 persons left to Turkey during 1926–1927, reducing the current (at 1936) population to 450. One can suppose that the emigrants were coming from the "poor" families, although further research should be undertaken." 2225:, who were recognized in these areas. In the region of Epirus there were the muftis of Ioannina, Paramythia, Filiates, Margariti, Igoumenitsa, Parga, Preveza, Sagiada and Thesprotiko. Soon with the outbreak of WWI, Greek authorities imposed significant restrictions on land rights of Cham Albanian property owners. Additionally, a new tax system which targeted large estates of Muslim landowners was employed and massive grain expropriation was used again Cham properties to support Greek war effort. This led to starvation and dozen of deaths in the region. A military report of the Italian general commissioner to the Italian Ministry of Defence notes that from July 1917 onward the rule of the Greek authorities in Epirus had forced more than 3,000 Chams to seek refuge towards Istanbul and Anatolia. 10118:, p. 186. "In the census of 1951 there were only 127 Muslims left of a minority that once had 20,000 members. A few of them could merge into the Greek population by converting to Christianity and changing their names and marital practices. After the expulsion, two families of Lopësi found shelter in Sagiáda and some of their descendants still live there today under new names and being Christians. Another inhabitant of Lopësi, then a child, is living in nearby Asproklissi..... The eye-witness Arhimandritēs (n. d.: 93) writes about a gendarmerie officer and member of the EDES named Siaperas who married a very prosperous Muslim widow whose children had converted to Christianity. One interviewee, an Albanian Cham woman, told me that her uncle stayed in Greece, " 10315:. Duckworth. pp. 25–26, 53. "Some Orthodox speakers remained, but the language was not encouraged or even allowed, and by the end of the twentieth century it had virtually disappeared..... And so with spurious confidence Greek historians insist that the inscriptions prove that the Epirots of 360, given Greek names by their fathers and grandfathers at the turn of the century, prove the continuity of Greek speech in Southern Albania since their grandfathers whose names they might bear would have been living in the time of Thucydides. Try telling the same story to some present-day inhabitants of places like Margariti and Filiates in Southern Epirus. They have impeccable names, they speak only Greek, but their grandparents undoubtedly spoke Albanian." 2781:, but their response was negative. After that and in accordance to orders given specifically to EDES by the Allied forces to push them out of the area, fierce fighting occurred between the two sides. According to British reports, the Cham collaborationist bands managed to flee to Albania with all of their equipment, together with half million stolen cattle as well as 3,000 horses, leaving only the elderly members of the community behind. On 18 June 1944, EDES forces with Allied support launched an attack on Paramythia. After short-term conflict against a combined Cham-German garrison, the town was finally under Allied command. Soon after, violent reprisals were carried out against the town's Muslim community, which was considered responsible for 8558:. 2009. p. 4. "In reply to all accusations the Greek side clarified that the expropriation was of general character and implemented in the same way for all citizens of the state. Not only was there no special discrimination against the properties of the Çams, but the government took care to implement the measure more leniently in their case and, especially in Epirus, to limit the influx and establishment of refugees. In any case, according to the 1928 census, in all of Epirus there resided only a total of 8,179 refugees, of whom 323 were in the province of Paramythia, 720 in Filiates and 275 in the province of Margariti, numbers that cannot support the Albanian accusations on privileged treatment of refugees to the detriment of the Albanians" 2304: 2435: 2628:] Army Corps". Part of the Chams supported the Italy's attack on Greece. The invasion force included native Albanians, estimated at 2,000–3,500 strong, (among them Chams and Kosovars), in three volunteer battalions attached to the Italian army. Their performance however was distinctly lackluster, as most Albanians, poorly motivated, either deserted or defected. Indeed, the Italian commanders, including Mussolini, would later use the Albanians as scapegoats for the Italian failure. During 28 October – 14 November while the Italian army made a short advance and briefly took brief control of part of Thesprotia, bands of Cham Albanians raided several villages and burned a number of towns, including 2100:, a prominent leader of the then Albanian national movement, and the Greek government which concerned the possibility of an alliance against the Ottoman Empire. According to this, the two sides agreed that the future Greek-Albanian boundary should be located on the Acroceraunian mountains, thus leaving Chameria to Greece. As part of the agreement, Kemal in exchange asked the Greek authorities to support the Albanian movement and the Greek side agreed, provided that no armed Albanian activity will emerge south of the Acroceraunians. Kemal's reasons for closer ties with Greece during this time was to thwart Bulgarian ambitions in the wider Balkans region and gain support for Albanian independence. 7577:. 1997. p. 121. "Ειδικότερα για τους Τσάμηδες στις υποδιοικήσεις Παραμθιάς, Μαργαριτίου και Πρέβεζας, στο ελληνικό Υπουργείο είχε σχηματισθεί η εντύπωση ότι κατά το διάστημα 1908–1911 αυτοί έτρεφαν αρκετές συμπάθειες για το εθνικό αλβανικό Κίνημα, αλλά ότι, καιροσκόποι και εφεκτικοί απέναντι στην οθωμανική Διοίκηση στην πλειονότητα τους, με στοιχειώδη αλβανική συνείδηση, έκλιναν προς τον Τουρκισμό ή είχαν καθαρά τουρκικά αισθήματα. Για το γεγονός αυτό προβαλλόταν εκ μέρους των Ελλήνων η εξήγηση ότι οι Τσάμηδες είχαν ασπασθεί σχετικά πρόσφατα τον ισλαμισμό, όχι όμως και τον μπεκτασισμό, σε αντίθεση προς τους άλλους μωαμεθανούς της Ηπείρου, για τους οποίους δεν είχαν ευνοϊκές διαθέσεις." 2308: 2989:. The 40-year period of Hoxha's regime was characterized by the use of Stalinist methods to destroy associates who threatened his power. The regime was increasingly conspicuous towards the Cham community. It believed that they were of questionable loyalty and could easily become agents of a foreign power. This view was probably based because they were Greek citizens and their elites were traditionally rich landlords, while collaboration with the Axis and anti-communism were also significant factors that contributed to this. At the end of 1945, numerous Cham Albanians were imprisoned by the authorities of the People's Republic of Albania, while they were branded as " 1168: 8878: 8873:. "Various documents indicate that the Greek Authorities either prompted dislocation, or, as one document vividly puts it, "all of our services, but most of all the Sub-prefecture and the Gendarmerie of Filiati and Igoumenitsa are working hardly to reinforce the flow". Practical incentives were provided to individuals and most of all to families wanting to migrate to Turkey. Another mechanism that was used in some cases was the demographic disruption of Muslim communities targeting the disassociation of the social web of the communities with a view to put additional pressure to emigrate. This migration flow presents a 11394:. Akademia e Shkencave e RPS të Shqipërisë, Instituti i Kulturës Popullore. p. 451. "Kjo është "Vallja e Zallongut". Siç dihet, pjesa me e madhe e suljotëve (që s’mundi të hidhej në Korfuz me Foto Xhavellën), e nisur për në Pargë, ndeshet në fillimet e vitit 1804 me forcat e Ali Pashës. Mjaft prej tyre nuk pranojnë të dorëzohen dhe vazhdojnë luftën gjersa shfarosen, ndërsa një grup grash suljote për të mos renë në duar të armikut, në çastin e fundit, dredhin e këndojnë këtë valle lamtumirë, dhe njëra pas tjetrës me fëmijët në krahë hidhen në greminë nga shkëdmbenjt e Zallongut, duke u bërë copë-copë. " 6987: 7004:. It is quite characteristic that it was in 1880, when the British Valentine Chirol visited the Christian "Albanian" village of Tourkopalouko (today Kypseli, at the northwest part of the Preveza prefecture), that his confidence for his Greek friends in Yanina "was first shaken". He was surprised that no one in the village spoke or understood any other language than Albanian although his friends "had assured me that south Kalamas there were no Albanian communities" (V. Chirol, "Twixt Greek and Turk, or Jottings during a journey through Thessaly, Macedonia and Epirus, in the Autumn of 1880", 2533:, Albanian-speaking minorities were prohibited from using their own language outside home. Those who used Albanian words in school or in the army, were punished physically or humiliated. The Greek language was imposed in the schools and elders who had no knowledge of the language were forced to attend night-schools, in order to learn to read, write and even speak the Greek language. Meanwhile, either due to the absence of Greek or for reasons of demographic importance, Greek education was expanded with the establishment of kindergartens in some Orthodox Albanian speaking villages. 8122:. "The presence of a population considered hostile to national interests near the frontier caused anxiety to Greek officials which was exacerbated by a militaristic perception of security and territory. The central Greek state was eager to push the "hostile" population to migrate to Turkey. To that end it utilized harassment tactics which were carried out by local paramilitary groups. This was a practice that was well known and had been adopted as early as the period of the Balkan Wars. In other cases it just forced people to leave the country, after handing down ultimatums." 8861:, p. 14. "Τον Απρίλιο του 1930 έφθασαν στην Κοινωνία των Εθνών καταγγελίες μικροϊδιοκτητών Τσάμηδων για παράνομες απαλλοτριώσεις σε κτήματα στην Τσαμουριά κάτω των 30 εκταρίων που προέβλεπε ο αγροτικός νόμος του 1926. Η ελληνική αντιπροσωπεία απάντησε ότι ο αγροτικός νόμος προέβλεπε εξαιρέσεις για την περιοχή της Ηπείρου και οι ίδιοι ισχυρισμοί είχαν απορριφθεί από το Συμβούλιο της Επικρατείας. Πάντως, τον Ιούνιο του 1930 ψηφίζεται ειδικός νόμος για τα απαλλοτριωθέντα κτήματα στην Τσαμουριά και η αρμόδια τριμελής επιτροπή της Κοινωνίας των Εθνών έμεινε ικανοποιημένη." 9953:, and also in various villages in the Pogoni and Kourenda areas in Ioannina prefecture. Their most important settlements in villages and towns in Thesprotia and Preveza prefectures are in Sayada, Asproklissi, Igoumenitsa, Agios Vlassios (Souvlassi), Parapotamos (Varfani), Plataria, Myli (Skefari), Paramythia, Ambelia (Vrestas), Rahoula (Tsifliki), Xirolofos (Zeleso), Karvounari, Skandalo, Hoika, Perdika (Arpitsa), Milokokkia, Katavothra (Ligorati), Margariti, Kaloudiki, Morfi (Morfati), Dzara, Parga, and their largest settlement, Themelo (Tabania) in Preveza prefecture." 10093:. "A few hundred Muslims stayed behind. 127 of them were counted in the 1951 census, while the rest, whose number remains unknown and in need of research, converted to Christianity and intermarried with Greeks..... Except for two small communities that mostly avoided conversion, namely Kodra and Koutsi (actual Polyneri), the majority of others were baptized. Isolated family members that stayed behind were included in the Greek society, and joined the towns of the area or left for other parts of Greece (author’s field research in the area, 1996–2008)." 2718:. During the subsequent operations, 600 Greek and 50 Albanian citizens were killed and 70 villages were destroyed. On 27 September, combined Nazi-Cham forces launched large scale operation in burning and destroying villages north of Paramythia: Eleftherochori, Seliani, Semelika, Aghios Nikolaos, killing 50 Greek villagers in the process. In this operation the Cham contingent numbered 150 men, and, according to German Major Stöckert, "performed very well". In another incident, on 27 September, Cham militias arrested 53 Greek citizens in Paramythia and 121: 3547:), which represents the Chams in politics was formed in Albania in 2004. The party declares in its statute that it belongs to the center right, which is the political homeland for the vast majority of Chams marginalized by the Communist regime. Since the demise of the one-party state, the Chams have consistently put their faith in the center right parties to pursue their rights with Greece. However, the Chams are fully aware that Tirana’s politicians, whether Democrats or Socialists, only really focus on the Cham question during election time. 8980:. "Finally, so as to exercise better control over the minority, the Greek state created in late 1936 a new prefecture, that of Thesprotia, consisting of areas that previously belonged to the Prefectures of Ioannina (Yanina) and Preveza, embodying all the Muslim population.... According to the suggestion of the General Administration of Epirus to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (24 October 1936), the presence of Albanian Muslims and the difficulties in "administrating" them from a far away capital calls for the creation of a new prefecture ( 2183:, leaving Greek and Albanian minority areas on both sides of the border. Most of the areas inhabited by Chams, except for a few villages, were assigned to Greece. After the end of the Balkan Wars, Greek authorities suspected that a local anti-Greek movement was possible, supported by the Provisional Government of Albania and Italy, and decided to disarm the population. Moreover, Albanian representatives accused Greece of assassinations and persecution of Cham representatives. These accusations were rejected by the Greek government. In the 3008:(1946–1949), the leadership of the People's Republic of Albania tried to mobilize the Cham community in order to fight with the communists. After their negative response they were labelled "reactionaries" and suffered a certain degree of persecution within Albania. Moreover, the Cham issue was neglected by the local regime. In 1947 the regime revealed a conspiracy in which 85 Chams were allegedly part in the creation of an armed nationalist group named "Balli Kombëtar". In 1960 another anti-communist conspiracy was uncovered under 2269: 2141: 8521:, p. 14. "Η δεύτερη Αναφορά, εκείνη "των Μωαμεθανών κατοίκων των χωριών Γαρδίκι και Δραγούμη", αφορούσε την κατάληψη σπιτιών και κτημάτων από πρόσφυγες. Σύμφωνα με την ελληνική εκδοχή, οι Τσάμηδες είχαν πουλήσει τα σπίτια τους ελπίζοντας σε ανταλλαγή. Όταν όμως δεν αναχώρησαν, ζήτησαν την ακύρωση των πωλήσεων. Για τα κτήματα ζήτησαν και έλαβαν από τους πρόσφυγες το 1/3 της παραγωγής. Η Τριμελής Επιτροπή της Κοινωνίας των Εθνών θεώρησε ικανοποιητική την ελληνική εξήγηση αν και ζήτησε να κρατηθεί ενήμερη των εξελίξεων." 7590:. 1997. p. 122. "Ειδικότερα στο σαντζακι της Πρέβεζας όσοι έτειναν να ασπασθούν τις εθνικές αλβανικές ιδέες, αν και ήταν οπαδοί του Ισμαήλ Κεμάλ, δεν συνεργάζονταν με τους ' Ελληνες και καταδίωκαν τους χριστιανούς, συμπράττοντας με τους Τούρκους, ιδίως οι μεγαλοϊδιοκτήτες ή οι κρατικοί υπάλληλοι που προέρχονταν από άλλα μέρη. Ο αριθμός των Τουρκαλβανών στο σαντζακι αυτό εξάλλου αυξανόταν, άγνωστο σε ποιο ποσοστό, καθώς η τουρκική Διοίκηση συνέχιζε την τακτική της εγκατάστασης άλλων, που είχε εγκαινιάσει από παλαιότερα." 2978: 6264:, Kosovo and the Republic of Macedonia. In the north-eastern part of that area, east to the city of Filiat(i) within Greek territory, a Greek speaking area began growing and expanding eastwards to today’s Albanian territory and up to the coast of Albania.... The Albanian speaking area was quite compact and well marked by the local geography, as the Greek speaking communities were settled at the eastern mountainous areas. Chamouria and Prevezaniko were also symbolically distinguished as the land where the 3285:. The case of the properties who are under sequestration, taking into account that the stance of war against Albania was revoked by the Greek government in 1987, is seen by some Greek law experts and the Albanian government as in force and thus preventing restitution or expropriation as they are interpreted as "enemy property". Under the Greek law it is not certain if the case of the Cham properties can be classified as such. Nevertheless the restitution of these properties can be legally blocked due to 10237:. 1981. p. 2. "The term Shqip is generally used to refer to the language spoken in Albania. Shqip also appears in the speech of the few monolinguals in certain regions of Greek Epirus, north-western Greece, while the majority of the bilingual population in the Epirotic enclaves use the term Arvanitika to refer to the language when talking in Greek, and Shqip when talking in Albanian (see Çabej 1976:61–69, and Hamp 1972: 1626–1627 for the etymological observations and further references)." 2423:, asked the Greek government for 15 schools, with full teaching in Albanian, in the main towns and villages of Chameria, a request that was immediately rejected by Greek officials. After negotiations, the Albanian government accepted the Greek proposal and an agreement was signed in 1935 that would allow the Greeks of Albania to open new private schools in Himara and Korca, in exchange for the four bilingual schools in Chameria. But once again, the change of the Greek government with the 356: 3661:, of which 200,000 were Chams. According to 1913 Greek census, in Chameria region were living 25,000 Muslims whose mother tongue was Albanian, in a total population of about 60,000, while in 1923 there were 20,319 Muslim Chams. In Greek census of 1928, there were 17,008 Muslims who had as mother tongue the Albanian language. During the interwar period, the numbers of Albanian speakers in official Greek censuses varied and fluctuated, due to political motives and manipulation. 3584:] in the history and culture fields of the cham community as an inherent and important part of the Albanian nation." Also it seeks "to evolve and stimulate public scientific debate and to accomplish studies", "to organize scientific activities and publishes their outputs." Institute of Cham Studies seeks "to create a wide contacts network with analog research centers in Albania and abroad (Balkan, Europe and Northern America) and participating in mutual activities." 10302:. Retrieved 18 April 2015. "I tried unsuccessfully in 1994 to find Albanian speakers in Filiates, Paramithia and Margariti. The coastal villages near Igoumenitsa have been turned into tourist resorts. There may be Albanian speakers in villages inland, but as in the case with the Albanian speakers in Attica and Boeotia the language is dying fast. It receives no kind of encouragement. Albanian speakers in Greece would of course be almost entirely Orthodox." 9783:. (1): 5. "In general terms, it seems that previous ties of any kind with Greece facilitate not only the migration but also a more permanent way of living in the country. This is the case with the Muslim Roma of Filiati in Thesprotia who, following the expulsion of the Muslim Albanian Chams from Greece in 1944–1945, were settled in the village of Shkallë, Sarandë in Albania. The majority of the families, more than fifteen, gradually settled in Greece." 8968:. "Parallel measures were taken at the same time regarding the language in Christian Albanian speaking villages. The most important and easily confirmed measure consisted of opening kindergartens in villages selected either by the absence of knowledge of Greek or by their demographic importance. According to a 1931 document, these villages included Aghia, Anthoussa, Eleftheri, Kanallaki, Narkissos, Psakka, Aghios Vlassios, Kastri (Dagh) and Draghani." 2234: 1051: 10820:. "In the official censuses of the Greek State in the Interwar period there is major manipulation involving the numbers of the Albanian speakers in the whole of the Greek territory.... The issue here is not the underestimation of the numbers of speakers as such, but the vanishing and reappearing of linguistic groups according to political motives, the crucial one being the "stabilization" of the total number of Albanian speakers in Greece." 7659:. "While there is no Greek source describing the behavior of the Greek army against the Muslim population after they seized the area, there are several relevant descriptions in Albanian sources. There are only indirect (but clear) references to atrocities committed by the Greek army.... in the spirit of the times, offensive acts such as defilement of mosques and, obviously, looting, would most certainly have taken place.... For example see 67: 9409:. 2009. p. 7: "Greek Thesprotia was not included amongst the territories annexed to Albania and remained under the control of the High Command of Athens because of the German reaction. It seems that, amongst other factors which worked against such an annexation was the fact that, in contrast to Kosovo, the inhabitants of Epirus were by a vast majority Greeks, which could not justify any administrative reorganization in that region." 103: 85: 8148:. 2012. p. 370. "In 1913, the Moufti of Paramythia, Hafiz signed a memorandum declaring their wish to join Greece rather than Albania at a time the latter was in the process of gaining its independence. In March 1917, the Moufti of Paramythia expressed his gratitude and loyalty to the Prime Minister Lambrou and King Constantine. In 1934, the Moufti of Paramythia, Hasan Abdul, similarly denounced Albanian propaganda in his region." 2300: 4621: 2160: 8497:. "The newcomers took advantage of the land expropriations, and settled in the houses of Muslims. These actions were in accordance with legal provisions applicable to the whole territory of Greece. It is highly probable, therefore, that some Muslims, pressed by the legislation relating to expropriation and the presence of refugees who presented a threat to them, sold their estates and remained landless." 1015:("he/she who speaks clearly"), the Albanian ethnic endonym which came to prevail after the 18th century, was being used by Christian Albanian-speakers in the region as well, but today is used mostly as a means to differentiate themselves from other groups in the region (Greeks, Vlachs). Greek-speakers use the term "skipetaros" (shqiptar) to refer pejoratively to Orthodox Albanian-speakers in Thesprotia. 3465:; Other Legal Rights "ensuring to the Cham people all other legal and minority rights deriving from the Greek Constitution and Laws, the Treaties and laws of the European Union, and other rights originating from international treaties and conventions to which Greece is a party"; and the conservation and propagation of the rich history, culture, language, and other cultural aspects of the Cham people. 4540: 2211:, under the third provision. In accordance with the Greek policy on minorities at the time, Orthodox Cham Albanians were counted together with Greeks, while the Muslim Chams were counted in the census as a religious minority. Although the Albanian government complained that Chams were discriminated against by the Greek authorities, there is little evidence of direct state persecution at this time. 5483:, p. 2 "Whereas in Albania and the diaspora Cham communities have managed to preserve their dialect, traditions and folk songs, in Greece itself those Orthodox Chams, now numbering around 40,000, who were allowed to remain in Greece, have suffered from assimilation and the public suppression of their Albanian heritage and language. As a result, Albanian is only spoken privately in the home." 1274: 9822:, p. 182. "They did not have the opportunity, however, to make any significant contributions in fight against the Germans. Likewise, the Cham partisans quoted above could describe the battles against EDES, but non-against the Germans. Admittedly these fighting units were formed at the end of the war and therefore could no longer exert any broad influence on the Cham population" 7112:. Peter Lang. p. 85. "In the 18th century Islamization increased and a large number of inhabitants of Labëri, Filiates, Pogon and Kurvelesh converted."; p. 86. "In 1739, twenty five villages in Thesprotia were forced to convert to Islam en masse. It has also been noted that conversions intensified after the wars of Russia with the Porte (1710–1711, 1768–1774, 1787–1792, 1806–1812)." 4025: 3030: 8135:. 2009. p. 2. "For the implementation of the decision the Mixed Commission appointed a special three-member delegation, which was assigned the task of local investigation of the issue. The delegation visited Epirus in May of that same year, where they met groups of people from the villages of the region, people who had been chosen by the Greek authorities and by the Μuftis." 3138:. In contrast with the Arvanites, some have retained a distinct linguistic and ethnic identity, but also an Albanian national identity. In the presence of foreigners there is a stronger reluctance amongst Orthodox Albanian speakers to speak Albanian, compared to the Arvanites in other parts of Greece. A reluctance has been also noticed for those who still see themselves as 7663:, The Vice-governor of Paramythia to the Ministry of Internal Affairs, 30.03.1917 (1917/A/4X(16)).... The lieutenant of the Greek Army Dimitrios (Takis) Botsaris, after a looting incident during the First Balkan War, pronounces an order that "from this time on every one who will dare to disturb any Christian property will be strictly punished" (see K.D. Sterghiopoulos..., 8767: 3386:), in order to fuel the irredentist dreams of the descendants of the Chams. Moreover, there is a reported paramilitary formation in the northern Greek region of Epirus, called the Liberation Army of Chameria As of 2001, the Greek police reported that the group consisted of approximately 30–40 Albanians. It does not have the official support of the Albanian government. 2339: 7667:., pp. 173–174). In pronouncing the order in this manner he left Muslim properties without protection. Botsaris, coming from Souli, was a direct descendant of the Botsaris' family and was fluent in Albanian. He was appointed as lieutenant in charge of a Volunteers' company consisting of persons originating from Epirus and fighting mostly in South Western Epirus." 3098: 2403:, the muftis of Parga, Preveza, Sagiada and Thesprotiko. Furthermore, beginning in 1927 with the publication of the relevant Presidential Decree, the Greek government implemented a policy depriving Muslim Chams and other minorities of their Greek citizenship if they would leave Greece. According to the 1927 decree, Greek citizens of non-ethnic Greek origin (" 3159:, Chams were forced to leave for Turkey during the population exchange, and another migration wave followed after the Second World War, when a minority of the Chams expelled from Greece chose Turkey over Albania because of their anti-communist sentiments. From 1913 to 1944, about 85,000 Albanians, most of whom were Chams, emigrated to Turkey. 9540:, p. 179. "It is difficult however, to make final statements on Cham participation in this systematic persecution of the Christian population in the region, especially as there is evidence that the arbitrary rule of the Dino clan was directed even against some Muslims and Albanian-speaking Christians (Arbanits) (Isufi 2002: 2 19—254)." 1155: 5836:. Oxford University Press. p. 342. "After 1856, and especially after 1878, the terms Turk and Muslim became practically synonymous in the Balkans. An Albanian who did not know one word of Turkish thus was given the ethnic name of Turk and accepted it, no matter how much he might have preferred to distance himself from the ethnic Turks." 8773:, Minorities, f. 58/173/4573. See the more detailed report on illegal real estate expropriations and confiscations and the financial results upon the Muslim population at the documents contacted by the General Inspector of the Central Department (of the Ministry of Agriculture) to his Ministry, dated 13. 01. 1932 and 7 August 1932 ( 4206:. This dictionary was the biggest Cham Albanian dictionary of its time, with 1,484 lexemes. According to albanologist Robert Elsie, it is not of any particular literary significance, but is important for our knowledge of the now extinct Suliot-Albanian dialect, a sub-branch of the Cham dialect. The dictionary is preserved at the 3335: 4378:) refers to an event in history involving a mass suicide of women from Souli and their children. The name also refers to a popular dance song commemorating the event. It is inspired by an historical event of December 1803, when a small group of Souliot women and their children were trapped by Ottoman troops in the mountains of 2265:. They approached the Albanian government in 1923, but Albanian officials refused to consider the second scheme. In January 1923, the Greek representative of the population exchange committee regarding the Muslim Chams declared officially that Greece "has no intention to proceed to an exchange of Muslims of Albanian origin". 4195: 1962:) of 1538, the population of the region was almost entirely Orthodox, with only a minority, estimated less than five per cent, having converted to Islam. The main instigator for the beginning of mass conversions in the region were the draconian measures adopted by the Ottomans after the two failed revolts of the Greek monk 6911:. "It’s worth mentioning that the Greek speaking Muslim communities, which were the majority population at Yanina and Paramythia, and of substantial numbers in Parga and probably Preveza, shared the same route of identity construction, with no evident differentiation between them and their Albanian speaking co-habitants." 3001:". Although the representatives of the community protested against these developments, this resulted in further arrests and exiles of Cham Albanians. Thus, the communist regime in Albania took a very distrustful view of the Cham community. Many of them were transferred further north, away from the southern border region. 2058:. He was appointed as the chief representative of the League of Prizren for Chameria, and established a local League branch in Ioannina. When the League was disbanded in 1881, he continued fighting against Ottoman forces in Albania. He was killed by the Ottoman army while on his way to participate in the formation of the 8764:. "A concrete description of the lives of the Muslims is clearly referred to in a special report drawn by K. Stylianopoulos, the "Inspector" in charge of Minority issues, who was directly appointed by the Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos and was accountable to him. The report relates to us in graphic terms that " 3428:, as well as other organizations. Annually on 27 June, the Cham March is organized in Konispol. This march is held to remember the expulsion of the Chams. One particularly disingenuous endeavor by the organization leaders has been to create unhistorical links in the public mind by presenting the ancient Greek King 7527:. "The existence of a region (Chamouria) whose population was roughly half Muslim and almost entirely Albanian speaking was considered a serious problem for the Greek state, which had to be confronted both practically and discursively. Every pro-Albanian movement in these areas had to be eliminated by all means." 6992: 2695: 3012:, a Cham admiral of the Albanian navy from Konispol. The alleged perpetrators, among them also 29 Chams, were accused as agents of "American, Yugoslav and Greek separatists". As a result, Sejko was executed and several of his relatives persecuted, while other members of the Cham community were imprisoned. 2407:") could lose their citizenship if they left the country. Such a practice is seen by scholars as a legal exclusion of Chams and other minorities from Greek society, since it made a distinction based on national affiliation, which was effectively set as a criterion above citizenship in Greek legal order. 7467:. "As the less ambitious Greek irredentists' target in 1912 was to include all the areas up to a line including Korçë-Gjirokastër-Himarë within the frontiers of the expanded Greek state, the aim was to obscure the fact that the Christian, or even the Muslim population, didn’t speak Greek but Albanian." 3643:, stated that Chameria was inhabited by both Greeks and Albanians. The later were divided between Christians and Muslims, while Greeks were the dominant element of Chameria. There was a dispute regarding the size of the Albanian population of the region, while in the 20th century some believe the term 7194: 6991: 4535: 4326: 4156: 4015: 3626: 3494: 3257: 2414: 2353: 2348: 2307: 2303: 2272: 2107: 2069: 1966: 6566: 4582: 4272: 3664: 3162: 3053:). In 2006, the biggest Cham March, with around 10,000 people participating, occurred at the Albanian-Greek border. The participants designated themselves as Greek citizens of Albanian ethnicity and expressed the desire for "a peaceful return to their homeland and to the graves of their forefathers" 2299: 2276: 2154: 2140: 2085:, as Ottoman foreign minister. Moreover, Abedin Dino managed to gather various Albanian personalities in Preveza, from all over Albania and Epirus, who believed that the Ottomans will provide full support to the Albanian movement and were against annexation of Epirus to Greece. They also organized a 7204: 3334: 2864: 2859: 2504: 2500: 2311: 2159: 2002: 1954: 326: 6986: 4286: 3319: 3292: 3201: 3097: 3056: 2826: 2591: 2434: 2287: 11652: 4551: 3229: 1154: 5450: 4547: 2548: 2361: 1983: 1837: 1770: 9421: 7356: 6268: 3252: 3025: 2884: 2291: 2111: 10262: 8877: 3861: 3315: 3142: 2202: 2705: 2694: 2418: 2065: 8091:. (29): 2. "On 19 January 1923 the Greek delegation which had participated in the negotiations in Lausanne had declared, through Dimitrios Caclamanos, official representative of Greece at the negotiations, that "Greece has no intention to proceed to an exchange of Muslims of Albanian origin." 7023:(doc). European Society of Modern Greek studies. p. 7. Retrieved 18 April 2015. "Nikolaos Konemenos takes a different approach, by not denying his Albanian identity, although he participated in Greek public life. He accepts this identity and embodies it, without excluding the other identity: 8766: 6273: 3614:). The association is a non-profit organization which aims to keep and promote the values of Cham Albanian culture and tradition. The association has established a publishing house, which publishes books especially about Chams and Chameria. It is named after the well-known dissident writer, 3245:, but it received a negative response. After 2000, there was a growing feeling in Albania, since the Kosovo problem has been to an extent addressed, that the Albanian government should turn its attention to the Cham issue. On the other hand, that Greece is a member of the European Union and 2851: 2268: 2155: 7155: 4248: 2734: 6442:. (1): 176. "The presence of Albanians in the Epeirote lands from the beginning of the thirteenth century is also attested by two documentary sources: the first is a Venetian document of 1210, which states that the continent facing the island of Corfu is inhabited by Albanians."; p.177. 2968: 1934:, who played an increasingly important role in Ottoman political and economic life, further strengthened this trend. In northern Chameria the vast majority became Muslims, while south of Acheron and down to Preveza, Albanians remained Orthodox. Muslim Chams were mostly followers of the 1171: 2366: 7503:. "Under the prevalent ideology in Greece at the time every Orthodox Christian was considered Greek, and conversely after 1913, when the territory which from then onwards was called "Northern Epirus" in Greece was ceded to Albania, every Muslim of that area was considered Albanian." 4290: 3289:, which appears to be according to Greek law experts a significant factor in this case. The confiscated properties of those who collaborated with the Axis cannot raise any legal issue. The same appears to be the case of the abandoned properties which were expropriated in the 1950s. 2257: 2203: 7479:. "Concealing the existence of the Albanian language appeared as a concept as soon as the possibility of Greek expansion into Epirus appeared.... The first policy was to take measures to hide the language(s) the population spoke, as we have seen in the case of "Southern Epirus"." 5948: 3233: 2273: 3359: 2584:. The Italians, especially governor Francesco Jacomoni, used the Cham issue as a means to rally Albanian support. Although in the event, Albanian enthusiasm for the "liberation of Chameria" was muted, Jacomoni sent repeated over-optimistic reports to Rome on Albanian support. 877:), literally, 'mosque-goer, mosque attendee' which presumably was used by Orthodox Christians for the descendants of Muslim converts. However, this is unlikely since the word's broader ethnographic and dialectal sense encompasses the entire Albanian-speaking population of the 5900:. (1): 50. "The 'timeless' existence of the Other (and the interrelation of the Self with this Other) is secured by the name used to define him or her. Greeks often name as 'Turks' various states and groups—such as the Seljuks, the Ottomans, even the Albanians (Turkalvanoi)". 7205:του ιταλού υποπρόξενου Corti, ότι ο Abeddin βρισκόταν στα όρια της χρεοκοπίας και ότι θα μπορούσε να εξαγοραστεί με 100 χιλιάδες φράγκα, όμως οι σχετικές κινήσεις δεν προχώρησαν υπό το πνεύμα μήπως υπάρξουν επιπλοκές στις διαπραγματεύσεις, τις οποίες οι ελληνικές θεωρήσεις" 10181:. (Thesis). University of Wisconsin. Ann Arbor. 124. "The Epirus Albanian speaking villages use a dialect of Tosk Albanian, and they are among the most isolated areas in Greece. In the Epiriotic village of Aghiá I was able to spot even a few monolingual Albanian speakers." 9924:. "The process of extinguishing any signs of previous minority existence occurred both in real and symbolic ways. The villages of Muslim Chams were repopulated by Greek speaking populations from the adjacent mountainous areas and Vlachs, immediately after their expulsion." 1866: 3574: 2651:, the Muslim Cham population of the region of Chameria was composed of women, children and the elderly. The adult male Muslim Chams would be restored to their land only after fascist Italy gained control of the region. In 1941, Greece was occupied by German, Italian and 3316: 327: 3856: 3424:), a pressure group advocating the return of the Chams to Greece, receipt of compensation and greater freedom for the Orthodox Albanian speakers in Greece, was founded on 10 January 1991. This associations holds a number of activities every year, with the help of the 1978: 6431: 3261: 2115: 4365:. This Dance is linked with Osman Taka, a Cham Albanian leader who fought against Ottoman forces, and who managed to escape from death by amazing Ottoman forces with this dance. It is an old Cham dance, but under this name its known only since the 19th century. 7430: 4552: 2442: 1921: 5862:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 62. "Consequently, at the beginning of the 1880s the Greek press openly incited anti-Albanian hatred, associating the Albanian irredentists with Turkish anti-Greek propaganda, and baptizing them Vlachs and 'Turkalbanian brigands' ( 2922: 2722: 3339: 4233:, born in Konispol. He is the only poet in Albania that has written in the Cham dialect and was apparently also the first Albanian author to have written longer poetry. The work for which he is best remembered is a romantic tale in verse form known as 10792:. University of Athens. p. 12: "δίδασκε ο Αθανάσιος Ψαλίδας στις αρχές του 19ου αιώνα και συνέχιζε: "Κατοικείται από Γραικούς και Αλβανούς· οι πρώτοι είναι περισσότεροι", ενώ διέκρινε τους δεύτερους σε Αλβανούς Χριστιανούς και Αλβανούς Μουσουλμάνους" 2396:. It managed to gain 1,539 votes from the Preveza and Ioannina prefectures. In the subsequent elections, the party did not gain the support of the local Albanian population and Ali Dino ran under Farmer-Labor ticket, gaining only 67 votes in 1932. 8953: 12167: 2023: 2292: 2792:, eager to gain revenge for the burning of their own homes. According to Cham claims, which are not confirmed by British reports, the most infamous massacre of Albanian Muslims by Greek irregulars occurred on 27 June 1944 in the district of 9888:Σε σύγκριση πάντως με τα αιματηρά επεισόδια με θύματα (εθνοτικά) Γερμανούς... επειδή τελικά ο Ζέρβας μπόρεσε να επιβάλει την αναγκαία πειθαρχία για την περιφρούρηση του συγκεντρωμένου σε διάφορα ασφαλή σημεία άμαχου μουσουλμανικού πληθυσμού 4330: 2747:, in Albania. Albanian nationalist groups participated in these operations, among them a Cham battalion of c. 1,000 men under the leadership of Nuri Dino. The death toll from these operations, which began on 1 January 1944 in the region of 2035:). Several Chams were heads of cultural clubs and patriotic organizations, which aimed at the establishment of an independent Albanian state. Amongst them, the most distinguished personalities during the last years before independence were 2956: 3083: 1099: 7515:. "The existence of a region (Chamouria) whose population was roughly half Muslim and almost entirely Albanian speaking was considered a serious problem for the Greek state, which had to be confronted both practically and discursively." 2960: 2108: 2019:) and did not find the term offensive. During the Albanian National Awakening a number of local Albanians would establish private, unrecognized Albanian-language schools. In 1870, the despot of Paramythia, Grygorios, translated the 5917:. (1): 8. "The attitude of non-Muslim Balkan peoples was similar. In most of the Balkans, Muslims were "Turks" regardless of their ethno-linguistic background. This attitude changed significantly, but not completely, over time." 2592: 9949:. 2003. p.293. "After the Axis Occupation and the Civil War, most of them gradually rehabilitated in villages and towns in the prefecture of Thesprotia and Preveza in the gaps left by the departed local Moslem Albanians, the 10135: 2611:, which left the Cham Albanian women, children and elderly defenseless and unguarded, resulting in murders, rapes and robberies. The Greek forces turned a blind eye to the atrocities committed by local Greeks against Chams. 3364:, then head of the opposition demanded more rights for the Cham minority in Greece, which includes cultural rights for Albanians living in Greece, such as the opening of an Albanian-language school in the town of Filiates. 2383:. Pangalos' actions had encouraged Albania to be more persistent in pursuing Cham claims. Pangalos' overthrow also meant a backtracking of Greece's official stance on the issue: discrimination against the Chams continued, 2682:, 28 villages in the region were inhabited exclusively by Muslim Chams, and an additional 20 villages had mixed Greek-Cham populations. Germany was against the annexation of the region to Albania that time. Nevertheless, 3320: 4491:). More than 30 Cham folk tales were collected, the majority of which about bravery and honor. The Chams of the southern Chameria region believe that they are descended from the legendary "jelims", giants from southern 1778: 1519:. Epirus is annexed by Greece. Albania declares its independence from the Ottoman Empire, asking for sovereignty over the whole region of Epirus. Six Cham delegates from Chameria and Ioannina sign the declaration. The 11746: 11664:Το ύστερο Γιαννιώτικο Πασαλίκι: χώρος, διοίκηση και πληθυσμός στην τουρκοκρατούμενη Ηπειρο (1820–1913) [The late Pashalik of Ioannina: Space, administration and population in Ottoman ruled Epirus (1820–1913)] 9031:. Doubleday. 1971, p. 21 "Hoggia was an illiterate cattle-drover and notorious brigand who had been sought by the Greek authorities for twenty years: the 'celebrated partiot' had an exceptional vivid police record." 3129: 3080:". The Albanian president's office stated that President Moisiu expressed "deep sorrow at this unexplainable decision, which was based upon misinformation, of the small, peaceful and well monitored demonstration". 5996:. Zitros. p. 271. "However, there are groups of Arvanitovlachs, both in Albania and in Greece, who refuse to be defined as Farsariots, preferring other names, often toponymical too. These include.... Tsamoureni ( 12174: 7025:κι εγώ είμαι φυσικός Αρβανίτης, επειδή κατάγομαι από τα' χωριά της Λάκκας (Τσαμουριά) και είμαι απόγονος ενός καπετάν Γιώργη Κονεμένου 'λ που εμίλειε τα' αρβανίτικα κι όπου ταις αρχαίς του προπερασμένου αιώνος 1950:. The Chams have their own peculiar cultural identity, which is a mixture of Albanian and Greek influences as well as many specifically Cham elements. Although the Chams were primarily of Albanian origin, the 12007: 12405: 5295: 3599: 3593: 1041: 2093:, another Albanian national figure, the local Ottoman governor was recalled. Abedin Dino was also recalled from Preveza, while the recently arrived Albanians left the city and returned to their homelands. 2214: 969: 8509:. "The restrictions imposed on the right to sell, rent or even cultivate land, due to the consideration of Muslims as "exchangeable", gradually led to the financial devastation of the Muslim population." 9706: 2885: 4382: 8485:. " Two years earlier, Greek refugees from Asia Minor had been settled in the area. These newcomers were used as a tool for applying more pressure against Muslims for them to decide to leave Greece." 6314: 3076: 2873: 9054:, p. 18 "He was in fact a notorious bandit sought by the Greek police for murders that he had committed many years before, but was killed in fight with two sheperds after a quarrel over some sheep". 2852: 12125: 9351: 10042:"Law Nr.7839, datë 30.6.1994, "For declaring 27th June in the national calendar as 'The Day of Genocide Against Albanians of Chameria from Greek Chauvinism' and to build a memorial in Konispol"" 6963:"alle Orthodoxe Christen unisono als Griechen galten, wahrend "Turk" fur Muslimen stand..." (...all Orthodox Christians were considered as "Greeks", while in the same fashion Muslims as "Turks") 8533:. "For instance, as late as February 1925, the General Administration of Epirus undertook the task of carrying out a special operation with the purpose of persuading them to leave the country." 6599: 3665: 3301: 3110:, Albanian speaking communities live along the border with Albania in Thesprotia prefecture, the northern part of the Preveza prefecture in the region called Thesprotiko, and a few villages in 2477: 1208: 2860: 4011: 2261: 3230: 997:(Αρβανίτες), which primarily refers to the Albanophone Greeks of southern Greece but is commonly used as for all Albanian-speaking Greek citizens. The local Greek population also calls them 2639: 2392: 3635: 1429:, declares war on the Souliotes. The Souliotes are able to resist for nine years, but are eventually defeated and evicted from Souli. The survivors of the population are evacuated to the 11378: 3163: 5417: 2934:, demanding the repatriation of the Chams and the return of their property. The following month a delegation of the CAFC was sent to Athens to lodge a protest with the government of 10132: 3618: 2501: 2089: 10980: 2622: 4532: 3513: 8161:. 2009. p. 2-3. "Their conclusions were that the vast majority of Muslims residing in Epirus declared that they were of Turkish origin and wished to be included in the exchange." 9211:. Argonaut, 1965, p. 142–144." the death of an Albanian brigand...This was the cause celebre Musolini chose to trumpet around the world to justify the move he was soon to make." 6938: 3378: 2731:, Hans-Jakob Bickel, while visiting the area, concluded that Cham bands are completely out of control, terryfing and committing atrocities against the unarmed Greek population. 1958: 1565: 1955: 11766: 9330: 8744: 8721: 7784: 7415:" in an effort to thwart Bulgarian domination in Macedonia. ASAME Serie P Politica 1891–1916, Busta 665, no.365/108, Consul to Foreign Minister, dated Athens, 26 April 1907." 7051: 4568:, which have survived, only because they are in the middle of forests scrub land, in old military zones near the Albanian border. The majority of them have been disappeared. 1766: 10835:. "The Orthodox Albanian-speakers' "return" to Southern Greece and Epirus, Macedonia and Thrace also present at this time, at the 1951 census (7,357 are counted in Epirus)." 10249:. "The Albanian language, and the Christian population who spoke it- and still do- had to be concealed also, since the language was perceived as an additional threat to the 7357: 8445:. "Besides beys, it seems that the majority of the Muslim population consisted of middle sized estate owners. The land they owned varied in size, fertility and production." 2283:] subjects of Albanian origin". But Muslim Chams had to prove their ethnic origin in order to remain in Greece. According to the Greek decision, which was presented by 2818: 1599: 7443:. "The Albanian-speaking, Orthodox population did not share the national ideas of their Muslim neighbors and remained Greek-oriented, identifying themselves as Greeks." 4202: 3045: 9435:. 2009. p. 7: "Up until the middle of May that year their establishment in Paramythia and other Epirote cities and the organization of their services, were completed." 4157: 10160: 5883:. University of Nebraska Press. p. 299. "Instead of the term "Muslim Albanians", nationalist Greek histories use the more known, but pejorative, term "Turkalbanians". 12146: 10041: 4287: 9848:"Document of the Committee of Cham Albanians in exile, on Greek persecution of the Chams, submitted to the Human Rights Commission of the United Nations in 1946". 4487: 12037:"Document of the Committee of Cham Albanians in exile, on Greek persecution of the Chams, submitted to the Human Rights Commission of the United Nations in 1946" 10377: 9992: 8383: 2947: 4273: 2354: 12082:"The Greek-Albanian Relations (1990–2010): The Bilateral Relations under the Influence of two Issues: The Greek Minority in Albania and the Issue of the Chams" 10120: 9304: 5940:) was the term used by Greek speakers to describe an Albanian speaker regardless of his/hers religious background. In official language of that time the term 4347:, a polyphonic folk song narrating and lamenting the death of Cham Albanian revolutionary Çelo Mezani is considered to be the best-known Cham Albanian song. 4061: 2950:(UNRRA), specifically for refugees from northern Greece. Meanwhile, in 1945–1946, a Greek Special Court on Collaborators found 2,109 Chams guilty of treason 12258: 9067:. Argonaut, 1965, p. 142-144 "his ingrained 'faith' permitted him to slit the throat or shoot a Christian Greek and an Albanian Moslem with equal facility". 12467: 6269: 3411: 3353: 2549: 2706: 12129: 3487:) was founded in 2006 and aims to resolve the Cham issue, internationalizing the question in peaceful ways. Every year it organizes protests outside the 11747:"The Secret Past of the Greek-Albanian Borderlands. Cham Muslim Albanians: Perspectives on a Conflict over Historical Accountability and Current Rights" 9901:"Document of the Committee of Chams in exile, on Greek persecution of the Chams, submitted to the Human Rights Commission of the United Nations in 1946" 3495: 2796:, when this forces captured the town, killing approximately 600 Muslim Chams, men women and children, many having been raped and tortured before death. 10991: 10965: 2195: 1783:, mainly hired as mercenaries from the Byzantines. A major migration occurred in the 1340s and 1350s when Albanian tribesmen supported the successful 7455:. "Prior to this period, Chamouria was already a nuisance both for the Greek state and the Christians of Epirus who identified themselves as Greeks." 3383: 3155: 1803: 1721: 1585: 1011:, which means "infidel" and refers to their religion. This term was used by Muslim Albanians for the non-Muslims during the Ottoman Empire. The term 8184: 2911:. The Albanian state gave them homes in specific areas in the south of the country, so as to dilute the local Greek element in the region (known as 1687: 12116: 3517:, in September from two deputies of the new Albanian parliament: the sole representative of Party for Justice and Integration, Dashamir Tahiri and 3297: 1176: 3876: 10530: 10122:". A Greek man from Sagiáda also stated that at this time many people married and in saving the women also were able to take over their lands." 7181: 6879: 5571: 1663: 2981: 310: 10404: 9755:: Die 1. Gebirgs-division im zweiten Weltkrieg Bloodstained Edelweiss. The 1st Mountain-Division in WWII Ch. Links Verlag, 2008. (in German) 7602: 5437: 2656: 2619: 2254: 1209: 299: 9447:"Οι Βρετανικές Υπηρεσίες κατά την Περίοδο του Δευτέρου Παγκοσμίου Πολέμου στην Ελλάδα [British Intelligence in World War II Greece]" 7741: 3307: 3171:, which in Turkish means pine, in order to preserve their origin. They are organized within the "Albanian-Turkish Brotherhood Association" ( 2869:), EDES veterans and local communities were eager to take revenge for the Cham's participation. Led by an EDES veteran, Col. Zotos, a loose 1653:. A minor part joined the Resistance in both Albania and in Greece (from May 1944) at the end of the war without significant contribution. 2751:, was 500 Albanians. Whereas, it appears that, most of the local beys, the majority of whom were part of the nationalist resistance group 11683: 7108: 5206: 11875:"Violence, resistance and collaboration in a Greek borderland: the case of the Muslim Chams of Epirus "Qualestoria" n. 2, dicembre 2015" 4638:, while seafood soups are part of their cuisine. Chams are well-known in Albania for the different ways of making bread and traditional 1807: 11137: 5236:, p. 9 (citing Krapsitis V., 1986: Οι Μουσουλμάνοι Τσάμηδες της Θεσπρωτίας (The Muslim Chams of Thesprotia), Athens, 1986, p. 181. 1799:(1386–1411). While the area of Vagenetia (medieval name of Chameria/Thesprotia) was mainly under the control of Italian rulers: either 11491: 9869: 6947: 12444: 12422: 11227: 2908: 2898: 2184: 303: 10069:, p. 134: "Η μνήμη της γενοκτονίας, όμως, είναι ένα εσωτερικό θέμα της Αλβανίας και δεν έχει διαστάσεις διεθνούς αναγνώρισης." 7491:. "The second was to put forth the argument that the language used by the population had no relation to their national affiliation." 2081:. Even before negotiations started, the Ottoman side used a number of Albanian national figures for delaying purposes and appointed 12477: 12333: 11855: 11044: 10557: 7788: 5310: 2492: 12036: 11691:. The Graduate Student Pre-Conference in Turkish and Turkic Studies, University of Washington. Seattle, Washington. Archived from 9852: 8830: 8817: 1938: 1068: 11968:"Πολιτικές και οικονομικές δομές στην επικράτεια του Αλή πασά Τεπεντελενλή. Από τον "Ανατολικό Δεσποτισμό" έως τη νεωτερικότητα" 10558:""Η ΝΕΑ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΜΕΤΑΝΑΣΤΕΥΤΙΚΗ ΠΟΛΙΤΙΚΗ ΚΑΙ ΤΑ ΕΘΝΙΚΑ ΜΑΣ ΣΥΜΦΕΡΟΝΤΑ" (The New Greek Migration Policy and Our Ethnic Interest)" 9370: 3356:. The decisions of the Cham representatives in general do not have any legal dimension or commitment in international politics. 10326:"Σε αρβανιτοχώρι της Θεσπρωτίας αναβίωσαν τον αρβανίτικο γάμο! In an Arvanite village, Arvanite customs have reappeared !" 1555: 3293: 2855: 2618:, Greek authorities disarmed 1800 Cham conscripts and put them to work on local roads. The Greco-Italian War started with the 12905: 11496: 10361: 10003: 9760: 9732: 9666: 9640: 9614: 9588: 9525: 9501: 9393: 9193: 9155: 9133: 9110: 9087: 9051: 9010: 8592: 8406: 6465: 6040: 5714: 5392: 5318: 5218: 5001: 3514: 1862:) and the Parasouliotic villages Zermi, Krania, Papadates, Rousatsa as well as Derviziana and Mousiotitsa, which are part of 1697: 8545:. "The great majority of the refugees were resettled when it was decided that the Muslim population would not be exchanged." 4630: 3258: 1451:, was ordered by the provisional Greek government to convince the Muslim Chams to join the Greek cause but without success. 10436: 10157: 6982:. (1): 47–48. "While the Christian population hence faced a threat of ethnic assimilation arising out of the nature of the 6853: 6567: 6326: 5808: 3073: 12150: 10253: 6432: 2471:). The majority of villages and towns of the region got new names, mainly Greek ones, in 1928 and 1929. Another period of 12487: 9244: 4516: 3147: 2844: 1412: 807: 239:. The Chams have their own particular cultural identity within Albanian sub-groups. A number of Chams contributed to the 9183: 9168: 9145: 9123: 9077: 3202: 2439:. At that time, members of the Cham community suffered from discrimination due to severe expropriations of their lands. 318: 11796: 10045: 9100: 8683: 5494: 4617: 3235: 2522: 1883: 9775: 8418: 2788: 12502: 12482: 12472: 12268: 12019: 11997: 11945: 11926: 11905: 11863: 11842: 11735: 11714: 11672: 11586: 11552: 11311: 11284: 11147: 11108: 11053: 11018: 10940: 10898: 10871: 10728: 10200: 9836: 9804: 9692: 9281: 9235: 8810: 8356: 8317: 8203: 8084: 8068: 8029: 7986: 7944: 7878: 7832: 7705: 7558: 7324: 7297: 7266: 7226: 7133: 7090: 6762: 6703: 6624: 6592: 6555: 6525: 6498: 6412: 6235: 6175: 6116: 6067: 5739: 5607: 5368: 5347: 5185: 5065: 4576: 3538: 3474: 3441: 3425: 2840: 2778: 2246: 1538: 319: 7968: 3249:, which Albania wishes to join, is one of the main factors why the Albanian government is reticent about the issue. 2180: 2078: 1902:(Ioannina), which was further divided into the sanjaks of Ioannina, Preveza and Gjirokastra. Between 1787 and 1822, 1613: 1524: 10546: 8890:. "In the 1930s it was obvious that the Chams were viewed as a hostile population and "a lost cause for "Hellenism" 8227: 5803:Περιουσίες Αλβανών και Τσάμηδων στην Ελλάδα: Aρση του εμπολέμου και διεθνής προστασία των δικαιωμάτων του ανθρώπου' 4050:. The Cham dialect is one of the southernmost dialects of the Albanian language, the other one in Greece being the 3026: 2668: 2493: 1791: 1664: 1650: 1368: 10289: 6638:...finally capture Dryinoupolis and Argyrokastron in 1419. Many of the Albanians fled, to take refuge in the Morea 4769:, also known as Hoca Tahsin, Hodja Tahsin, Tahsin Efendi, Ahmet Nebil mathematician, philosopher and psychologist. 2714: 12410: 12218: 12085: 10992: 10981: 2419: 2362: 1480: 982:) was used to describe an Albanian speaker regardless of their religious affiliations. In Epirus today, the term 904:. Today, in the Greek context the use of the term has become largely associated with the former Muslim minority. 509: 3037: 1139:. Preveza and Ioannina also had significant Cham Albanian communities. The Orthodox Chams originally resided in 1054: 11620:"The Muslim Chams of Northwestern Greece: The grounds for the expulsion of a "non-existent" minority community" 11456: 11188: 8835:. Vol. 36. Thessaloniki, Greece: Institute for Balkan Studies, Society for Macedonian Studies. p. 88. 7125: 6515: 5849:. Cyprus Foundation. p. 28. "Muslim Albanians have been called "Turkalvanoi" in Greek, and this is pejorative." 4986: 3607: 3488: 3348: 2848: 734: 729: 545: 514: 11685: 4069: 3432:(4th–3rd century BC) as an Albanian hero, thus revealing the extreme and irredentist aims of the association. 3057: 2755:(not to be confused with the collaborationist Balli Kombëtar Çam) and the mufti did not support such actions. 2521: 1796: 11358:. Cambridge, England: Published for the International Folk Music Council by W. Hefner & Sons. p. 39. 9271: 3253: 3206:, which later merged and became Albanian American Organization Chameria which aimed to protect their rights. 2683: 2568: 2103: 283: 10962: 8800: 888: 12382: 12326: 9478:...τον Ιούνιο του 1941, ξεκίνησαν τη δράση τους οι πρώτες ένοπλες συμμορίες Αλβανών τσάμηδων στην Ήπειρο... 8935: 5834: 4571: 3491:, where it intends to bring the Cham issue, if the governments of both countries will not find a solution. 2931: 2350: 2342: 412: 12296: 10789: 10680: 9794: 6698: 4791:, one of the main contributors to the National Renaissance of Albania and a well-known dancer of his time. 4090: 4086: 4074: 4070: 3461: 1677: 12507: 12449: 12439: 8384:"The Agricultural Settlement of Refugees: A Source of Productive Work and Stability in Greece, 1923–1930" 4867: 4798: 3529:. Currently it has 2 MPs in the Albanian parliament, which makes it the fourth biggest party in Albania. 3504: 3373: 3226: 2764: 2569: 1993: 1610: 1575: 665: 621: 311: 279: 240: 11897: 9158:, "Thereafter a deceased Albanian sheep-thief, became the focus of attention. The thief -Daut Hoxha-..." 9090:,"In June unknown assailants had decapidated an obscure, Albanian bandit and sheep stealer, Daut Hodja." 7858: 6132: 5045: 4785:, considered as the first poet of the National Renaissance, one of the best-known bejtexhinjs of Albania 1167: 12827: 11404: 11077: 8628: 7936: 7870: 7289: 7258: 5057: 4835: 4782: 4230: 4189: 3526: 2935: 1898:, which were second order administrative divisions. After 1864, this territory was organized under the 1772: 1064: 479: 9871:Ετερότητα και σύγκρουση: ταυτότητες στην κατοχική Θεσπρωτία και ο ρόλος της Μουσουλμανικής μειονότητας 8828: 6088:Το ύστερο Γιαννιώτικο Πασαλίκι: χώρος, διοίκηση και πληθυσμός στην τουρκοκρατούμενη Ηπειρο (1820–1913) 4880:, founder and chairman of organisation "Bashkimi", the best-known cultural club, of Rilindja Kombëtare 2420: 989: 12531: 11578: 6724: 6563: 5814:. Minorities in Balkans (in Greek). Athens, Greece: Center of Studying of Minority Groups. p. 53 4203: 2724: 2322: 2262: 1963: 1771: 1646: 1444: 1073: 935: 10620: 10590: 10179: 6086: 4579:. Muslim cemeteries are frequently desecrated by modern building works, particularly road building. 4208: 580: 12060: 6109: 5563: 3111: 3077: 2541: 2518: 1863: 897: 494: 339: 11958: 11706: 11512: 10415: 9041: 6547: 4749:, representative of Chameria in Vlora Congress, signatory of Albanian Declaration of Independence. 3122: 1469: 12900: 12319: 12291: 8777:, 1935, f. A/4/9/2), where he underlines that even plots of 2–3 stremmata had been expropriated." 7019: 5325: 4996: 4890:, representative of Chameria in Vlora Congress, signatory of Albanian Declaration of Independence 4820:, representative of Chameria in Vlora Congress, signatory of Albanian Declaration of Independence 4779:, representative of Chameria in Vlora Congress, signatory of Albanian Declaration of Independence 4696: 3869:, Albanian language is spoken by about 10,000 Albanians in Epirus and the village of Lechovo, in 3254: 2939: 2728: 2545: 2172: 1999: 1843: 1761: 1520: 1093: 892:; outside Chameria proper, there are only two Albanian-speaking villages further northeast (near 882: 800: 781: 719: 551: 407: 163: 12541: 9900: 7085:. Vol. I (2 ed.). California, United States of America: Harper Collins. p. 1418. 7697: 7617:. "Muslim Chams were not eager to fight on the side of the Ottoman army during the Balkan Wars" 7283: 5384: 4907: 4739: 4245:("Garden"), written about 1820. Kyçyku is the first poet of the Albanian National Renaissance. 3379: 2486: 724: 439: 12536: 12081: 11779: 11692: 11274: 9446: 8582: 7252: 6482: 5704: 5382: 5201: 4344: 2003: 1967: 1931: 1882: 1875:, the region south of the Fanari plain in Preveza and partly the area extending to the south 1545: 1069: 12523: 12497: 12432: 11568: 10861: 9796: 8398: 7928: 7862: 7787:(in English and Greek). Athens, Greece: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Greece. Archived from 7381: 7314: 6453: 5706: 5049: 4666: 4606: 4033: 3845: 3636: 3510: 3125: 2782: 2719: 2530: 2387: 2284: 2188: 2055: 692: 626: 536: 444: 402: 256: 145: 20: 12567: 12009: 11918: 11074:Το Ελληνο-αλβανικόν λεξικόν του Μάρκου Μπότσαρη : φιλολογική έκδοσις εκ του αυτογράφου 9026: 6223: 6057: 5892: 4279: 3554:, Konispol, Markat, Xarrë and was one of the main parties in big municipalities like Vlora, 1388: 12701: 12492: 12214: 11972: 11010: 10683:(in Albanian and English). Tirana, Albania: Institute of Cham Studies. 2009. Archived from 9875: 6161: 5642: 4991: 4957: 4309: 3522: 2526: 2514: 2376: 2204: 1586: 1462: 739: 697: 576: 504: 474: 464: 459: 449: 392: 11258:(in Albanian), Tirana, Albania: Institute of Popular Culture, Albanian Academy of Sciences 11048:(in English and Albanian). Tirana, Albania: "Arbëria" Publishing House. pp. 242–245. 10325: 7411:. A&C Black. p. 82; p. 195. "As late as 1907 Ismail Qemali advocated the creation of " 5709:. Balkanologische Veröffentlichungen. Vol. 44. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. p. 283. 4066: 2942: 2587: 682: 8: 12742: 12551: 12377: 12372: 11183:] (in Albanian). Tirana, Albania: Shtëpia Botuese e Librit Universitar. p. 198. 10790:Η ελληνική κοινότητα της Αλβανίας υπό το πρίσμα της ιστορικής γεωγραφίας και δημογραφίας 5567: 4742: 4682: 4362: 4356: 4254: 4171: 4006: 3640: 3061: 2880: 2652: 2573: 2380: 2338: 2318:, the British ambassador at Athens in 1945, in a letter to the British Foreign Secretary 2137: 2086: 1980: 1903: 1422: 1156: 687: 601: 499: 489: 469: 429: 417: 11834: 11214: 10565: 10564:(in Greek) (14), Athens, Greece: Hellenic Institute of Strategic Studies, archived from 7933: 5646: 5361: 3989: 3979: 2839: 2834: 1505: 1295: 12721: 12415: 12358: 12044: 11637: 11243:(in Albanian) (2). Tirana, Albania: Institute of History, Albanian Academy of Sciences. 10922: 10298: 10274: 10104: 9849: 8944: 8645: 7682: 7175: 6873: 5658: 4710: 4560: 4521: 4492: 3648: 3144: 2962: 2558: 2277: 2250: 2074: 1943: 1907: 1895: 1800: 793: 776: 763: 484: 454: 434: 295: 12226: 10044:(in Albanian). Tirana, Albania: Center of Official Publication website. Archived from 9254: 7031:.... The spelling mistakes in this passage are a good indicator of what is happening." 5470:. Letort papers. Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College Press. p. 92. 3949: 3939: 12681: 12264: 12194: 12110: 12015: 11993: 11941: 11922: 11901: 11859: 11838: 11792: 11758: 11731: 11710: 11668: 11650: 11641: 11582: 11548: 11492: 11452: 11307: 11280: 11184: 11143: 11104: 11049: 11014: 10936: 10894: 10867: 10724: 10720: 10357: 10196: 9999: 9832: 9800: 9756: 9728: 9688: 9662: 9636: 9610: 9584: 9563: 9521: 9497: 9389: 9277: 9231: 9189: 9151: 9129: 9106: 9083: 9047: 9006: 8943:(3). Indiana, United States of America: The Trustees of Indiana University: 288–308. 8806: 8588: 8352: 8313: 8199: 8064: 8025: 7982: 7940: 7874: 7828: 7701: 7554: 7320: 7293: 7262: 7222: 7129: 7086: 7079: 6758: 6699: 6620: 6588: 6551: 6521: 6494: 6461: 6408: 6231: 6171: 6112: 6063: 6036: 5847: 5735: 5710: 5603: 5388: 5364: 5343: 5314: 5214: 5213:. International Center for Minority Studies and Intercultural Relations. Sofia 2004. 5181: 5061: 4942:, and preserved their origin as being from Paramythia with the surname Paramithiotti. 4927: 4706: 4662: 4304: 3429: 3395: 3196: 3172: 3119: 3065: 2986: 2952: 2927: 2866: 2615: 2411: 2208: 2149: 2051: 2025: 1891: 1851: 1792: 1628: 1484: 1245: 648: 616: 586: 291: 252: 248: 200: 141: 12832: 11967: 5801: 4857: 4564:, homes and Muslim cemeteries, as well as old Albanian towers, known in Albanian as 3959: 3929: 3905: 3895: 3518: 2752: 2424: 2090: 986: 920:(Τσάμηδες). It can be found in English sources also as a hybrid form of both names, 12556: 12089: 11627: 11544: 9462: 9454: 8787: 8637: 8410: 7546: 5909: 5650: 5429: 5277: 5147: 4598: 4592: 4496: 4369: 4313: 4305: 3865: 3180: 2644: 2581: 2452: 1899: 1788: 1632: 746: 670: 660: 556: 529: 244: 182: 178: 4945: 4223:, which were a new kind of poems, mainly in Southern Albania. The most well-known 3598: 2977: 1213: 366: 12847: 12631: 11987: 11916: 11895: 11853: 11832: 11786: 11725: 11704: 11662: 11572: 11446: 11353: 11335: 11301: 11098: 11004: 10969: 10888: 10849:(in Italian). Vol. 92. Rome, Italy: Rivista Geografica Italiana. p. 29. 10802: 10758:(in Albanian and English). Tirana, Albania: Cultural Association "Bilal Xhaferri" 10714: 10351: 10293: 10164: 10139: 9856: 9750: 9722: 9680: 9656: 9630: 9604: 9578: 9516: 9492: 9384: 9363: 9316: 9297: 9225: 9206: 9064: 9000: 8346: 8303: 8058: 7856: 7814: 7425: 7382:Οι Ελληνοαλβανικές Σχέσεις και το βορειοηπειρωτικό ζήτημα κατά περίοδο 1907– 1914 7341: 7216: 7123: 7074: 6752: 6612: 6580: 6545: 6402: 6221: 6165: 5597: 5338: 5308: 5210: 5175: 5043: 4953: 4639: 4614: 4610: 4181: 3919: 3909: 3653: 3458: 3329: 3156: 3115: 3005: 2912: 2856: 2770: 2513: 2428: 2415: 2315: 2176: 2168: 2031: 1968: 1947: 1847: 1824: 1811:. Those tribes that settled in southern Greece would become the ancestors of the 1784: 1448: 1140: 889: 631: 561: 323: 287: 275: 270: 11956: 10440: 10217: 8267:, France: Federation of Journals in the Humanities and Social Sciences (Revues). 8185: 6862: 6333: 5980: 5468: 4194: 2985: 2228: 1984: 12867: 12837: 8829: 8722:"Kosova and Çamëria in the First Half of the XXth Century – A Comparative Look" 8667: 8252: 7693: 6974: 6732:(in Greek). Athens, Greece: Institute of Modern Greek Studies. pp. 261–312 4961: 4923: 4752: 4624: 4277:), and is still being published in Chicago, while the magazine "Eagle's wing" ( 4185: 3615: 3451: 3349: 3242: 3114:. In northern Preveza prefecture, those communities also include the region of 3107: 2877: 2813: 2797: 2588: 2497: 2436: 2355: 2327: 2323: 2293: 2059: 1834: 1828: 1542: 1430: 1197: 945: 866: 606: 571: 566: 208: 174: 12767: 11306:. European Folk Dances. London, UK: Folk Dance Enterprises. pp. 207–208. 10491: 9831: 9777: 9466: 5203: 2662: 2191:, two of the three deputies of Preveza electoral periphery were Muslim Chams: 1804: 851: 712: 12894: 12852: 12646: 11270: 11212: 11174: 10287: 9903:(in Albanian and English). Tirana, Albania: Cham Anti-Fascist Committee. 1946 8641: 8580: 8414: 7677: 6920: 5433: 4965: 4911: 4901: 4853: 4766: 4602: 4047: 3969: 3304: 3263: 3072:, in Saranda, because 200 Chams were demonstrating about the Cham issue. The 3069: 2691: 2473: 2125: 2104: 2097: 2020: 1951: 1872: 1868: 1466: 1257: 901: 677: 655: 611: 126: 12822: 12762: 12757: 12752: 12301: 11762: 11434:(in Albanian) (224). Tirana, Albania: Shoqëria Politike Atdhetare "Çamëria". 8692: 7743: 7316: 7020: 4883: 4873: 4863: 2889:. EDES managed to secure control of the region after the initial conflicts. 2133: 2044: 2011: 1402:, form a confederation in the mountains of Souli, resisting Ottoman troops. 1358: 263: 12862: 12011: 11624: 11094: 10461: 8021: 7924: 5418:"Culture, Civilization, and Demarcation at the Northwest Borders of Greece" 4897: 4772: 3361: 3278: 2881: 2870: 2831:, where due to immigration in recent years, some have resettled in Greece. 2687: 2679: 2648: 2596: 2577: 2319: 2121: 2117: 1918: 1299: 900:), whose inhabitants belong to a different Albanian sub-group, that of the 541: 307: 271: 12747: 12094: 9458: 8691:. Thessaloniki, Greece: University of Macedonia. p. 9. Archived from 6367: 6011: 5399:"During World War II, the majority of Chams sided with the Axis forces..." 4849: 4308:. Cham Albanian folk music can be divided into three main categories: the 2769: 355: 12817: 12797: 12787: 12696: 12661: 12656: 12651: 12621: 9342: 7866: 7765: 6104: 5053: 4919: 4887: 4813: 4702: 4658: 3282: 2886: 2736: 2233: 2217: 2164: 2129: 2082: 2036: 1516: 1488: 1148: 1120: 1116: 315: 12427: 12387: 10935:, US: Summer Institute of Linguistics (SIL) International. p. 789. 8948: 8302: 8278: 8234: 6274: 4960: 2697: 1975: 12857: 12842: 12812: 12802: 12792: 12782: 12726: 12626: 12611: 12397: 12306: 11412: 11276: 10921: 10755: 10753: 10286: 9346: 8191: 7769: 6327:"Τα κριτήρια της ελληνικής ιθαγένειας κατά την περίοδο της Επανάστασης" 5662: 4939: 4893: 4877: 4823: 4803: 4788: 4746: 4688: 4672: 4572: 4517: 4317: 4261: 4225: 4051: 3866: 3294: 3215: 3009: 2919: 2861: 2793: 2629: 2537: 2040: 1876: 1839: 1108: 1089: 1065: 1019: 965: 878: 756: 591: 264: 11632: 11619: 8649: 8608: 8581: 7195: 4361: 3811: 2828: 2375: 1709: 290: 12777: 12716: 12686: 12367: 12363: 11788: 11727: 7820: 7782: 7689: 7081: 6899: 6754: 5451: 4949: 4918:. He was one of the founders and first chairman of the football club 4831: 4794: 4776: 4525: 4264: 4258: 4012: 3550: 3480: 3454:, United States, which protects and lobbies for the rights of Chams. 3271: 3238: 3126: 2943: 2904: 2847: 2835: 1812: 1399: 1288: 1136: 1050: 977: 397: 347: 220: 12126:"The Cham Issue – Albanian National & Property Claims in Greece" 11874: 11430: 10313: 9874:. University of Ioannina, Dodoni Journal. p. 65. Archived from 9173:"Daut Hohxa, a bandit described by Italians as an Albanian patriot." 7553:(in Albanian). Tirana, Albania: Shtëpia e librit & Komunikimit. 5860: 5654: 5599: 4054: 3267: 1181: 912: 12807: 12772: 12616: 12591: 12586: 12215:"Chams still pressing for return of Greek citizenship and property" 11807: 8745:"The issue of Epirus in political writings of Mid'hat bey Frashëri" 8402: 7974: 6227: 4931: 4827: 4817: 4756: 4724: 4720: 4678: 4016: 3462: 3241: 3042: 2907:-led Albanian government and were organized under the aegis of the 2874: 2819: 2789: 2748: 2744: 2633: 2393: 2238: 2192: 2077:, parts of Chameria, were to be ceded by the Ottoman Empire to the 1935: 1780: 1492: 1426: 1284: 1221: 1112: 1077: 1059: 1012: 838: 236: 12706: 12676: 12196: 12173:. Defence Academy of the United Kingdom. p. 3. Archived from 10684: 9043: 6936: 6480: 4732: 4646: 3587: 3039: 2903: 2508: 2296: 2150: 1241: 1233: 1177: 1081: 12711: 12666: 12311: 11416: 10863: 10618: 10588: 10434: 9219: 9217: 7978: 7385:(Thesis). National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. p. 168. 5380: 4969: 4843: 4839: 4807: 4760: 4736: 4714: 4692: 4635: 4631: 4620: 4561: 4379: 4336: 4320: 4250: 3870: 3551: 3275: 3046: 2608: 1939: 1887: 1767: 1249: 1229: 1132: 1128: 1101: 893: 860: 842: 751: 379: 228: 72: 11451:. London, UK: C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 2001. p. 131. 11351: 9515: 9491: 9383: 4539: 243: 12671: 12641: 12636: 12604: 12599: 11989: 11754: 10928: 10656: 9720: 9654: 9628: 9602: 9576: 8309: 8283: 8195: 7824: 7409: 5387:. Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 190–. 4935: 4915: 4914:) was an Italian sporting director of Albanian origin, born in 4728: 3336: 2600: 2370: 2222: 2167: 1253: 1237: 1217: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1144: 1124: 1085: 1033:(Arnavutlar), which applies to all ethnic Albanians in Turkey. 1007: 961:). From the middle of the nineteenth century however, the term 596: 386: 294:, Greek authorities deported the adult male Cham population to 232: 224: 108: 90: 12256: 11448: 11217:(in Albanian). Vol. 3. Tirana, Albania: ILAR. p. 198 9214: 7601: 6170:. New York, United States of America: M. Hakkert. p. 27. 4583: 3225: 1842:, Albanian-speaking communities lived in the northern part of 282: 12691: 11355: 10932: 8751:(31). Warsaw, Poland: Albanian Institute of History: 275–286. 8264: 5502:(in Italian). Rome: Societa' Ed. Dante Alighieri. p. 38. 4973: 4548: 4529: 4220: 4213: 4177: 4024: 3658: 3029: 2640: 2604: 2229: 2156: 1923: 1859: 1808: 1614: 1345: 1225: 1107: 1096: 158: 27: 11003: 9453:. Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences: 30. 8685: 8024:, Greece: Ίδρυμα Μελετών Χερσονήσου του Αίμου. p. 225. 7257:. The Joint Committee on Eastern Europe Publication Series. 6136: 5881: 885: 223: 10621:"Official website of the Democratic Foundation of Chameria" 10501: 10499: 10412: 7254: 4642: 4340: 3578: 3555: 3246: 2774: 2663: 2400: 2196: 1987: 1746: 1541:, a few thousands of Cham Albanians leave Chameria. 16,000 260: 12029: 10593:(in Albanian and English). Tirana, Albania. Archived from 10439:(in Albanian and English). Tirana, Albania. Archived from 10405:"GCC Model: Conflict Management for the "Greater Albania"" 8351:. London, UK: C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. p. 128. 8348: 8103: 8101: 8099: 8097: 8063:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 121. 4681:(1890–1938), famous Albanian cartoonist and member of the 4327: 924:. Prior to 1944, Greek sources often referred to Chams as 12234: 11136: 10807:. New Armenia Publishing Company. 1912. pp. 294–297. 10473: 10471: 10469: 10195:. Botston, United States of America: Faber. p. 224. 9724: 9658: 9632: 9606: 9580: 9517: 9493: 9385: 9331:"The Problem of Collaboration in Post-war Greece 1944–46" 8253:"Memories of Anatolia: generating Greek refugee identity" 5982:(in French). Paris: Mercator Program Seminar. p. 27. 3580: 3399: 2972: 2624: 2536: 2399: 2279: 2066: 1927: 1026: 10658: 10645: 10594: 10591:"Official site of the Party for Justice and Integration" 10496: 10437:"Official site of the Chameria Human Rights Association" 9975: 9973: 9971: 8732:(4). Tirana, Albania: Albanian Institute of History: 20. 8187: 8060: 7214: 6946:(in German), Universität Köln, p. 8, archived from 6384: 6382: 6191: 6111:. Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press. p. 27. 5336: 3068: 3033: 2739: 1914: 1631: 1188:. Several hundred Chams moved into properties along the 1172: 11340:. Ottawa, Canada: Royal Society of Canada. p. 100. 11333: 10072: 9113:, "the headless corpse of Daut Hoxha, cattle thief,..." 8094: 7110: 6655: 5633: 5496: 2948: 1906: 1192: 1022: 11961:(Thesis). Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II. 10920: 10659:"Official site of the Central Commission of Elections" 10511: 10466: 10168:. Κέντρων Ερεύνης της Ελληνικής Λαογραφίας. pp. 2, 15. 10009: 9543: 7756:"Peace Treaty Between Greece and the Ottoman Empire". 6726:Η ΤΟΥΡΚΙΚΗ ΣΤΑΤΙΣΤΙΚΗ ΤΗΣ ΗΠΕΙΡΟΥ ΣΤΟ ΣΑΛΝΑΜΕ ΤΟΥ 1895 6062:. London: C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. p. 207. 5734:(in Greek) (2nd ed.). Athens: Lexicology Centre. 4731: 3483:, Netherlands. The Democratic Foundation of Chameria ( 3394: 3106: 2918: 2187:, due to the general boycott declared by the party of 2096: 1005:), while Muslim Albanians sometimes designate them as 11808:"The Cams of Albania and the Greek State (1923–1945)" 11386: 11384: 11268: 10770: 10021: 9968: 9956: 8465: 8463: 8301: 6771: 6379: 5265:(in Albanian). New York: ACCL Publishing. p. 13. 5177: 5155:. Defence Academy of the United Kingdom. pp. 1–2 4972:. His father Arsen Idromeno was a Cham Albanian from 4058: 3647: 3049: 3020: 2690: 1998: 1378: 314:. Most Chams settled in Albania, while others formed 19:"Cham Albanian" redirects here. For the dialect, see 11002: 10756:"Official site of the magazine "Krahu i Shqiponjës"" 10624: 10353: 9792: 9745: 9743: 9741: 9685: 8802: 8225: 7772:, United States: University of California: 26. 1985. 6617: 6585: 6313: 6135:(in Greek). Parapotamos Municipality. Archived from 6000:) (from the area of Çamëria, mainly in Thesprotia)." 3532: 3468: 2288: 2253:, according to which the Muslims of Greece would be 12260: 11520: 11279:. Vol. 1. Böhlau Verlag Wien. pp. 241–2. 11006: 10828: 10826: 10531:"Greece Accuses Hahn of Backing Albania over Chams" 10039: 9799:(vol 33 ed.). P.I.E.-Peter Lang. p. 308. 9136:, "Then a certain Albanian brigand, Daut Hoggia..." 8898: 8896: 8786:For a more detailed view on settlement renames see 8669:. University of California Press. California, 1983. 8584: 8405:, United States of America: Department of History, 8085: 7221:. University of London, Athlone Press. p. 77. 6033: 5925: 5923: 5285:. Defence Academy of the United Kingdom. p. 12 3479:Another organization of Cham Albanians is based in 3203: 2727:. On 30 September, the Swiss representative of the 2463: 1735:to represent their interests in Albanian politics. 12168:"The Greek Minority in Albania – Current Tensions" 11381: 10716:Albania in Transition: The Rocky Road to Democracy 9771: 9769: 9681:"The Developments of the Northern Epirus Question" 9349:, United States: University of California: 15–36. 8934: 8460: 7681: 7078: 7062:(4). Tirana, Albania: Institute of History: 17–32. 6895: 6893: 6891: 6889: 6454:"Cultural Values of the Albanians in the Diaspora" 5535:Xhufi, Pëllumb (February 2006). "Çamët ortodoks". 3405: 2655:armies, who divided the country in three distinct 1649:. The majority of the Muslim Cham elites actively 9738: 9005:. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. pp. 75–76. 8018:ΟΙ ΜΟΥΣΟΥΛΜΑΝΟΙ ΤΣΑΜΗΔΕΣ ΤΗΣ ΗΠΕΙΡΟΥ (1923–2000) 6940:Minderheitenschutz im östlichen Europa (Albanien) 6332:. Πανεπιστημιακές Εκδόσεις Κρήτης. Archived from 4253:, at 51 years of age, but he contributed to 3435: 2552: 1344:Albanians mentioned in Western sources, opposite 12892: 10823: 10681:"Official site of the Institute of Cham Studies" 10131:Οδηγός Περιφέρειας Ηπείρου (10 December 2007). " 8893: 7785:"1913 Athens Peace Convention (Limited preview)" 7640: 7638: 7636: 7104: 7102: 7029:είχε καταιβεί κι είχε αποκατασταθεί στην Πρέβεζα 5920: 4605:, and maintains the main characteristics of the 4575:, despite the existence of some Muslims in many 4339:, their iso-polyphony is influenced more by the 4219:During the 19th century, Chams started creating 3558:, etc, on the last municipal elections in 2007. 2909:Anti-Fascist Committee of Cham Immigrants (CAFC) 2892: 2563: 1232:. After the Second World War, others settled in 1196:, or established entirely new villages, such as 11511: 10886: 9766: 9196:, "a local drunkard and bandit, Daut Hoggia..." 8677: 8675: 8340: 8338: 8336: 7935:(illustrated ed.). Princeton, New Jersey: 7346:. Vol. 62. Türk Tarih Kurumu. p. 153. 6886: 6055: 6031:Elsie, Robert and Bejtullah D. Destani (2012). 6009: 4613:. Their cuisine includes many kinds of cheese. 4597:Cham Albanians cuisine is seen as a mixture of 4388:The song of the dance in Albanian and English: 3657:in 1912, there was a global total of 1,500,000 3450:) is a non-governmental organization, based in 2509:Repression under the Metaxas regime (1936–1940) 2054:(1878) and one of the main contributors in the 247:in the 19th century. The Chams speak their own 12878:Settlements inhabited by communities known as 11538: 11516:(in Albanian). Tirana, Albania: Spektër group. 11013:, US: Stanford University Press. p. 226. 7966: 7783:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Greece (2006). 7218:Bismarck, Gladstone, and the Concert of Europe 7170:(in Greek). Thessaloniki, Greece. p. 128. 6861:. Algiers, Algeria. p. 11. Archived from 6081: 6079: 4948:, (15 August 1860 – 12 December 1939), was an 4834:politician. He was high-ranking member of the 3566:In March 2004, the Institute of Cham Studies ( 3498: 3302:Enlargement Commissioner of the European Union 2163:Following the defeat of Ottoman forces in the 2073:Albanian intervention occurred when after the 1425:, who had incorporated all of Epirus into his 1224:, as well as a number of towns in the area of 12327: 8930: 8928: 8926: 8788:Institute of Neo-Hellenic Studies` collection 8221: 8219: 8217: 8215: 7929:"Three Forms of Political Justice, 1944-1945" 7633: 7099: 6937:Nußberger Angelika; Wolfgang Stoppel (2001), 6643: 5795: 5793: 5791: 5789: 5787: 5785: 5783: 5781: 5779: 5777: 5775: 5773: 5771: 5591: 5589: 5558: 5556: 5554: 5552: 5550: 4257:with more than 12 books of novels and poems. 3187:), which fights for the rights of Albanians. 2070:died before the declaration of independence. 1871:river valley, the region to the northeast of 1749:, as two Cham political parties were merged. 1527:, with only a few villages going to Albania. 801: 12406:Cham Albanian Resistance during World War II 12115:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 11872: 11574:Internationalizing the History of Psychology 11507: 11505: 11067: 11065: 11039: 11037: 10890:The Albanian Question: Reshaping the Balkans 10542: 10540: 9417: 9415: 9273:The Italian Army 1940–45: (1) Europe 1940–43 9269: 9223: 8913: 8911: 8902: 8672: 8377: 8375: 8344: 8333: 7967:Potz, Richard; Wieshaider, Wolfgang (2004). 7919: 7917: 7827:: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 456. 6694: 6692: 6690: 6483:"Imagining frontiers, contesting identities" 6426: 6424: 6362: 6360: 6358: 6356: 6354: 6215: 6213: 6211: 6209: 6025: 5956: 5873: 5852: 5839: 5769: 5767: 5765: 5763: 5761: 5759: 5757: 5755: 5753: 5751: 5381:Victor Roudometof; Roland Robertson (2001). 5313:(in German). Ch. Links Verlag. p. 705. 5229: 5227: 5180:. Brookings Institution Press. p. 303. 4952:painter, sculptor, architect, photographer, 4797:, revolutionary and important figure of the 2371:Discrimination and normalization (1927–1936) 2221:rule of the Greek authorities and the local 2199:of Filiates and Paramythia were burnt down. 1755: 1483:begins. A separatist Albanian movement, the 302:, large parts of the Muslim Cham population 11626:(12). European Journal of Turkish Studies. 11256:Polifonia dy zërëshe e Shqipërisë së Jugut 11103:. London, UK: Greenwood Press. p. 17. 11046:The Cham Issue and the European Integration 10853: 10708: 10706: 10704: 10702: 10349: 8994: 8992: 8990: 8681: 8183: 8038: 7915: 7913: 7911: 7909: 7907: 7905: 7903: 7901: 7899: 7897: 7848: 6688: 6686: 6684: 6682: 6680: 6678: 6676: 6674: 6672: 6670: 6520:. Oxford University Press. pp. 52–53. 6133:"Official site of Parapotamos Municipality" 6076: 5461: 5459: 4198:Page from the dictionary of Markos Botsaris 2050:Abedin Dino was one of the founders of the 1818: 1447:. Revolutionary General of the Greek Army, 820: 12334: 12320: 11965: 11893: 11648: 11617: 11539:Elsie, Robert; Hutchings, Raymond (2003). 11487: 11485: 11483: 11481: 11479: 11477: 11475: 11089: 11087: 10974: 10887:Vickers, Miranda; Petiffer, James (2007). 10832: 10817: 10661:(in Albanian and English). Tirana, Albania 10619:Democratic Foundation of Chameria (2009). 10589:Party For Justice and Integration (2009). 10435:Chameria Human Rights Association (2009). 10246: 10090: 9921: 9250: 8977: 8965: 8923: 8887: 8870: 8761: 8542: 8530: 8506: 8494: 8482: 8454: 8442: 8212: 8119: 8107: 7854: 7656: 7614: 7524: 7512: 7500: 7488: 7476: 7464: 7452: 7440: 7333: 7285:The Albanian national awakening, 1878–1912 7180:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 7165: 7001: 6932: 6930: 6908: 6878:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 6562:The rugged mountains of the region helped 6309: 6307: 6305: 6257: 6099: 6097: 6059:Albania: From Anarchy to a Balkan Identity 6056:Vickers, Miranda; Pettifer, James (1997). 5962: 5929: 5729: 5723: 5698: 5696: 5694: 5692: 5595: 5586: 5547: 5516:, s.v. "çam" (Leiden: Brill, 1998), 49–50. 5141: 5139: 5137: 5135: 5133: 5131: 5129: 5127: 5125: 5123: 5121: 5119: 5117: 5115: 5113: 5111: 5109: 5107: 5105: 5103: 5101: 5099: 5097: 5041: 3630: 3448:Shoqëria për të drejtat e Njeriut, Çamëria 2810:looting and wantonly destroying everything 1833:The region of Epirus was conquered by the 1212:of 1923. They have populated the areas of 808: 794: 12445:Anti-Fascist Committee of Cham Immigrants 12423:Cham Albanian collaboration with the Axis 12257:Elsie, Robert; Bejtullah Destani (2013). 12093: 11660: 11631: 11502: 11352:International Folk Music Council (1954). 11262: 11131: 11129: 11127: 11062: 11034: 10859: 10749: 10747: 10614: 10612: 10537: 10505: 10078: 9842: 9444: 9412: 8908: 8858: 8607: 8518: 8372: 8345:Pentzopoulos, Dimitris (7 October 2002). 8312:, UK: Sussex Academic Press. p. 87. 8011: 8009: 8007: 8005: 7541: 7539: 7537: 7535: 7533: 7427:Albanian historical folksongs, 1716–1943. 6832: 6830: 6828: 6826: 6824: 6822: 6820: 6818: 6816: 6814: 6812: 6810: 6808: 6806: 6722: 6661: 6649: 6481:Steven G. Ellis; Lud'a Klusáková (2007). 6421: 6366: 6351: 6206: 5953:, Alexandreia, Athens, 2006, pp. 417–448. 5799: 5748: 5690: 5688: 5686: 5684: 5682: 5680: 5678: 5676: 5674: 5672: 5256: 5254: 5252: 5250: 5248: 5246: 5244: 5242: 5233: 5224: 5095: 5093: 5091: 5089: 5087: 5085: 5083: 5081: 5079: 5077: 5037: 4938:, and precisely from the current area of 2938:. These demands were never answered. The 2899:Anti-Fascist Committee of Cham Immigrants 2333: 1248:, where they were mainly concentrated in 12478:Party for Justice, Integration and Unity 12292:Party for Justice, Integration and Unity 12202:. Defence Academy of the United Kingdom. 12006: 11985: 11914: 11403: 11168: 11166: 11071: 11043: 10956: 10893:. London, UK: I.B. Tauris. p. 238. 10699: 10657:Central Commission of Elections (2009). 10623:. The Hague, Netherlands. Archived from 10555: 10462:http://chameriaorganization.blogspot.com 10430: 10428: 9867: 9265: 9263: 9230:. Lanham: Lexington Books. p. 116. 8987: 8715: 8713: 8623: 8621: 8619: 8381: 8297: 8295: 8293: 8044: 7981:: Peeters Publishers. pp. 102–103. 7894: 7812: 7644: 7250: 7128:. Istanbul, Turkey: BRILL. p. 414. 7045: 7043: 7041: 7039: 7037: 6804: 6802: 6800: 6798: 6796: 6794: 6792: 6790: 6788: 6786: 6667: 6292: 6290: 6288: 6286: 6284: 6282: 6280: 6219: 6156: 6154: 5973: 5971: 5628: 5626: 5530: 5528: 5526: 5524: 5522: 5465: 5456: 5035: 5033: 5031: 5029: 5027: 5025: 5023: 5021: 5019: 5017: 4619: 4538: 4193: 4023: 3418:National Political Association "Çamëria" 3412:National Political Association "Çamëria" 3028: 2976: 2337: 2232: 1988:Albanian National Awakening (1870s–1912) 1890:. It was divided between the sanjaks of 1166: 1049: 12882:, and very rarely characterized as Cham 12302:Albanian American Organization Chameria 12165: 12144: 12123: 12041:Texts and Documents of Albanian History 12030:Post-war politics and current situation 11954: 11935: 11830: 11784: 11723: 11653:κοινότητας από το millet στο έθνος] 11472: 11337:Mémoires de la Société Royale du Canada 11084: 10776: 10712: 10584: 10582: 9565:. Bibliorama. Athens. pp. 155–156, 160. 9322: 8998: 8917: 8087:". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. 7923: 7339: 7312: 7073: 6927: 6851: 6847: 6845: 6836: 6777: 6750: 6744: 6718: 6716: 6714: 6712: 6539: 6537: 6513: 6451: 6302: 6192:"Official site of Sagiada Municipality" 6103: 6094: 5492: 5480: 5260: 4922:(1908–1909). His ancestors escaped the 4723:, World War II hero of Albania born in 4691:(1865–1928), diplomat and signatory of 4429:Jemi bila shqipëtare, 4160: 3851: 3570:), also known as Chameria Institute or 3543:The Party for Justice and Integration ( 3190: 3064:occurred when the President of Greece, 1707:Albania passes a law declaring 27 June 1651:collaborated with the occupation forces 1244:. After 1944, another part migrated to 322:, Chams in Albania have campaigned for 26:For the Austronesian ethnic group, see 12893: 12079: 11873:Tsoutsoumpis, Spyros (December 2015). 11744: 11526: 11293: 11239:Dojaka, Abaz (1966). ""Dasma çame" ". 11238: 11204: 11142:. London, UK: I.B.Tauris. p. 41. 11124: 10844: 10754:magazine "Krahu i Shqiponjës" (2009). 10744: 10609: 10556:Laggaris, Panagiotis (November 2003), 10517: 10477: 10115: 10066: 10027: 10015: 9979: 9962: 9933: 9819: 9793:Eriksonas, Linas; Leos Müller (2005). 9678: 9549: 9537: 9328: 8742: 8277: 8056: 8002: 7816:Israel Year Book on Human Rights, 1995 7696:: Cambridge University Press. p.  7530: 7281: 7275: 7159: 7017:Elias G Skoulidas (22 February 2011). 6388: 5886: 5826: 5702: 5669: 5632: 5602:. London, UK: Duckworth. p. 219. 5411: 5409: 5407: 5405: 5239: 5074: 4665:, one of the main contributors in the 4652: 4520:, embroidered with silver thread, the 4499:transmission of the Greek word Έλλην ( 4427:ne vdesim pa frikë fare. 3572:Institute of Studies on the Cham issue 3220: 2995:collaborators of the occupation forces 2973:Under the People's Republic of Albania 2930:of Albania took the Cham issue to the 2447:in Preveza were translated into Greek 2326:which was the pretext for the Italian 1523:gives the majority of Chameria to the 1029:Chams in Turkey are known by the name 907: 12315: 11805: 11724:Fleming, Katherine Elizabeth (1999). 11681: 11567: 11444: 11299: 11253: 11163: 11135: 11093: 10455: 10425: 10184: 9260: 8798: 8710: 8661: 8659: 8616: 8407:University of Arkansas at Little Rock 8290: 8250: 8226:Grigorova – Mincheva, Lyubov (1995). 8015: 7676: 7545: 7121: 7049: 7034: 6783: 6751:Fleming, Katherine Elizabeth (1999). 6610: 6578: 6474: 6394: 6296: 6277: 6160: 6151: 5977: 5968: 5894:South European Society & Politics 5623: 5534: 5519: 5173: 5014: 5002:World War II evacuation and expulsion 4524:, short shirt with wide sleeves, the 3600:Cultural Association "Bilal Xhaferri" 3594:Cultural Association "Bilal Xhaferri" 3588:Cultural Association "Bilal Xhaferri" 3561: 3509:The Party for Justice and Unity is a 3422:Shoqëria Politike Atdhetare "Çamëria" 3177:Shoqëria e Vllazërisë Shqiptaro-Turke 3101: 2673: 11757:, Germany: Waxmann Verlag: 171–195. 11702: 11429: 11210: 11176:Folklori Muzikor-Polifonia Shqiptare 11172: 11139:Albanian Literature: A short history 10579: 10350:Turan, Sibel; Şenbaş, Demet (2020). 10222:thanassis moraitis: official website 10190: 10158:Λαογραφική Μελέτη Αμμουδιάς Πρεβέζης 9105:. Cambridge University Press, 1973. 9082:. Cambridge University Press, 1986. 8805:. Athens, Greece: Ekdotike Athenon. 8719: 8627: 8228:"Comparative Balkan Parliamentarism" 7605:European Journal of Turkish Studies. 7168:Ιστορικοί περίπατοι ανά τη Θεσπρωτία 6922:Handbuch der Südosteuropa-Linguistik 6842: 6709: 6543: 6534: 6400: 6051: 6049: 5800:Ktistakis, Giorgos (February 2006). 5732:Lexicon of the Modern Greek Language 5415: 5363:, Princeton University Press, 1960, 4431:vdesim duke hedhur valle. 3310: 3015: 2843:(ELAS), as well as the anti-fascist 2709: 1267: 829:, together with that of the region, 59:Regions with significant populations 12488:Bilal Xhaferri Cultural Association 12227:"Albania protest halts Greek visit" 12192: 11532: 10723:, US: Westview Press. p. 288. 10402: 9276:. Osprey Publishing. pp. 6–7. 8610:Diegriechich-albanichen Beziehungen 7052:"Aspects of Islamization in Çamëri" 6924:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 285. 6613:"Late Byzantine Period (1204–1479)" 6611:Nicol, Donald MacGillivray (1997). 6581:"Late Byzantine Period (1204–1479)" 6579:Nicol, Donald MacGillivray (1997). 6507: 5994:The Vlachs: Metropolis and Diaspora 5402: 5275: 5145: 4956:, composer and engineer during the 4433:Lamtumirë, o Sul i shkretë, 3446:Chameria Human Rights Association ( 3134:and when conversing in Albanian as 2777:in its fight against the left-wing 2773:, asked the Cham Albanians to join 2328:bombardment and occupation of Corfu 2185:December 1915 legislative elections 833:, is from an extinct local Slavic * 235:, an area known among Albanians as 13: 12459: 12341: 12250: 12166:Vickers, Miranda (February 2010). 11812:Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs 11682:Fabbe, Kristin (18 October 2007). 10924:Ethnologue: Languages of the World 10880: 10489:Tsitselikis, Konstantinos (2012). 10235:Language change and language death 10133:Πρόσφυγες, Σαρακατσάνοι, Αρβανίτες 9998:Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999. 8682:Tsitselikis, Konstandinos (2004). 8656: 8198:: Council of Europe. p. 141. 6436:Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 6230:, Turkey: CRC Press. p. 121. 5543:(2). Albanian Academy of Sciences. 4713:and later Minister of Interior of 4464:Goodbye, oh valleys and mountains, 4455:Goodbye, oh mountains and valleys, 3604:Shoqata Kulturore "Bilal Xhaferri" 3021:Politics in post-communist Albania 2758: 14: 12917: 12503:Party for Justice and Integration 12483:Democratic Foundation of Chameria 12473:Chameria Human Rights Association 12285: 12080:Kouzas, Ioannis, Michail (2013). 11656:(Thesis). University of Panteion. 11100:Dictionary of Albanian Literature 10788:Kallivretakis, Leonidas (1995). " 9150:. Museum Tusculanum Press, 1998. 7379:Pitouli-Kitsou, Hristina (1997). 7215:William Norton Medlicott (1956). 6430:Giakoumis, Konstantinos (2003). " 6324: 6046: 4866:, teacher and poet of era of the 4675:, military leader and politician. 4425:Lamtumirë, o fusha e male, 4077:, which in standard Albanian are 3539:Party for Justice and Integration 3533:Party for Justice and Integration 3475:Democratic Foundation of Chameria 3469:Democratic Foundation of Chameria 3457:It describes as its mission: the 3442:Chameria Human Rights Association 3426:Party for Justice and Integration 3343: 3323: 3074:Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs 2144: 1733:Party for Justice and Integration 1539:Greek-Turkish population exchange 1491:as leader of the local branch in 1461:The former bishop of Paramythia, 1210:Greco-Turkish population exchange 993:, is often referred by Greeks as 916:(Çam or Çamë) and the Greek name 12147:"The Cham Issue – Where to Now?" 11709:. University of Michigan Press. 11561: 11541:Historical Dictionary of Albania 11438: 11423: 11397: 11372: 11369:Sakellariou (1997), pp. 250–251. 11363: 11345: 11334:Royal Society of Canada (1943). 11327: 11247: 11232: 10996: 10985: 10914: 10866:. London: Routledge. p. 8. 10838: 10811: 10795: 10782: 10673: 10650: 10639: 10549: 10523: 10483: 10396: 10370: 10356:. Lexington Books. p. 115. 10343: 10318: 10305: 10279: 10266: 10256: 10240: 10227: 10210: 10171: 10149: 10125: 10109: 10096: 10084: 10060: 10033: 9985: 9939: 9927: 9915: 9893: 9861: 9825: 9813: 9786: 9712: 9672: 9646: 9620: 9594: 9568: 9555: 9531: 9507: 9483: 9438: 9425: 9399: 9375: 9356: 9309: 9290: 9270:Jowett, Stephen; Andrew (2001). 9199: 9176: 9161: 9139: 9116: 9093: 9070: 9057: 9034: 9019: 8971: 8959: 8881: 8864: 8852: 8839: 8822: 8792: 8780: 8771:Archive of Eleftherios Venizelos 8755: 8736: 8601: 8574: 8561: 8548: 8536: 8524: 8512: 8500: 8488: 8476: 8448: 8436: 8271: 8244: 8177: 8164: 8151: 8138: 8125: 8113: 8077: 8050: 7960: 7806: 7776: 7749: 7734: 7721: 7670: 7650: 7620: 7608: 7593: 7580: 7567: 6550:. University of Michigan Press. 6514:Kazhdan, Alexander, ed. (1991). 6407:. University of Michigan Press. 6194:(in Greek). Sagiada Municipality 5845:Megalommatis, M. Cosmas (1994). 5574:from the original on 2 July 2019 5514:Albanian Etymological Dictionary 4374:The Dance of Zalongo (Albanian: 4046:), which is a sub-branch of the 3882:Chams in Albania by town (1991) 3545:Partia për Drejtësi dhe Integrim 3389: 2701:and a paramilitary group called 2669:Axis-Cham Albanian collaboration 2643:for security reasons. Until the 2455:), while other toponyms such as 1665:National Republican Greek League 1398:A group of Albanian origin, the 1272: 354: 119: 101: 83: 65: 12219:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 12086:Democritus University of Thrace 12043:. Elsie, Robert. Archived from 11858:(in German). Ch. Links Verlag. 11703:Fine, John Van Antwerp (1994). 11606: 10378:"Türkiyedeki Kürtlerin Sayısı!" 10155:Georgoulas, Sokratis D.(1964). 9445:Theodoros, Sabatakakis (2003). 8769:..... Report, 15 October 1930, 7518: 7506: 7494: 7482: 7470: 7458: 7446: 7434: 7418: 7401: 7388: 7373: 7360: 7350: 7306: 7244: 7235: 7208: 7198: 7188: 7149: 7115: 7066: 7011: 7006:Blackwood’s Edinbrurgh Magazine 6995: 6968: 6914: 6902: 6855:The Bektashi Order of Dervishes 6604: 6572: 6544:Fine, John Van Antwerp (1994). 6445: 6401:Fine, John Van Antwerp (1991). 6318: 6251: 6184: 6125: 6003: 5986: 5978:Banfi, Emanuele (6 June 1994). 5903: 5879:Nikolopoulou, Kalliopi (2013). 5506: 5486: 5474: 5374: 5353: 5342:, Sussex Academic Press, 2005, 4555: 4457:this was done by Pelios Gousis, 4453:because we do not want slavery. 3621: 3406:Chameria Association in Albania 3185:Türk-Arnavut Kardeşliği Derneği 2489:), survive from Ottoman times. 2249:, Greece and Turkey signed the 2171:of the region of Epirus to the 1088:) and to the regional units of 1036: 928:(Greek: Αλβανόφωνοι) or simply 869:attributes the name to Turkish 12061:"L'arvanite/albanais en Grèce" 11900:. Greenwood Publishing Group. 11837:. Princeton University Press. 11730:. Princeton University Press. 9188:. Kessinger Publishing, 2005. 9182:Reynolds And Eleanor Packard. 9079:Mussolini unleashed, 1939–1941 8999:Fischer, Bernd Jürgen (1999). 8612:(in German). pp. 288–295. 8251:James, Alice (December 2001). 7008:, n. 785, March 1881, p. 313). 6757:. Princeton University Press. 6517:Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium 5564:"L'arvanite/albanais en Grèce" 5330: 5300: 5279:The Cham Issue - Where to Now? 5269: 5261:Berisha, Mal (November 2000). 5194: 5167: 5149:The Cham Issue - Where to Now? 4987:Albanian communities in Greece 4495:, whose name derives from the 4468:It’s because we are Albanians, 4448:because we will leave forever. 4283:) started publishing in 1974. 4028:Classification of Cham dialect 3612:Komuniteti Kulturor i Çamërisë 3608:Cultural Community of Chameria 3489:International Court of Justice 3436:Chameria Association in the US 2841:Greek People's Liberation Army 2783:the massacre of September 1943 2553:Second World War and expulsion 1287:format but may read better as 837:, itself from the local Greek 735:Albanian Greek-Catholic Church 185:, depending on residing state. 1: 12307:Magazine "Krahu i Shqiponjës" 11852:Meyer, Hermann Frank (2008). 11300:Jaffé, Nigel Allenby (1990). 9227:Conflict areas in the Balkans 9025:Mario Cervi, Eric Mosbacher. 7368:Greece and Albania, 1908–1914 6619:. Ekdotike Athenon: 198–237. 6587:. Ekdotike Athenon: 198–237. 5932:. "Until the Interwar period 5307:Meyer, Hermann Frank (2008). 5007: 4294: 4165: 3485:Fondacioni Demokratik Çamëria 3400:non-governmental associations 3209: 2893:Postwar situation (1945–1990) 2564:Greek-Italian War (1940–1941) 2358:, as was originally decided. 2247:Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922) 1611:Italian annexation of Albania 280:Italian occupation of Albania 49: 12906:Muslim communities in Europe 12383:Albanian Committee of Janina 12350: 11649:Baltsiotis, Lambros (2009). 11618:Baltsiotis, Lambros (2011). 11611: 11409:Zur albanesischen Volkskunde 11392:Këngë popullore nga Çamëria 11076:(in Greek). Athens, Greece: 10218:publications as a researcher 10040:Albanian Parliament (1994). 9868:Γκότοβος, Αθανάσιος (2013). 9224:Gizem Bilgin, Aytaç (2020). 7970:Islam and the European Union 7869:, United States of America: 7166:Mouselimis, Spyros (1976). 7122:Somel, Selçuk Akşin (2001). 6723:Kokolakis, Michalis (2004). 6456:. In Winnifrith, Tom (ed.). 5992:Koukoudis, Asterios (2003). 5056:, United States of America: 4649:(called byrek in Albanian). 4506: 4489:Zur albanesischen Volkskunde 4451:But we will die for freedom, 4407:Lamtumirë, o Sul i shkretë, 4403:Lamtumirë, o Sul, i shkretë, 4335:. Although they border with 3669:Chams in Greece (1913–1951) 3515:2009 parliamentary elections 3402:and the Chameria Institute. 3367: 3150: 3087: 1487:, is established, and names 1246:the United States of America 858:as a direct continuation of 320:fall of Communism in Albania 7: 12508:Party for Justice and Unity 12450:Liberation Army of Chameria 12440:Expulsion of Cham Albanians 11986:Doxiadis, Evdoxios (2018). 11894:Roudometof, Victor (2002). 11791:. Oxford University Press. 11661:Kokolakis, Mihalis (2003). 11390:Mero Rrapaj, Fatos (1983). 11072:Jochalas, Titos P. (1980). 10847:Le sedi dei Greci Arvaniti 9561:Giorgos Margarites (2005). 9147:Tobacco, arms, and politics 9102:Hitler's Strategy 1940–1941 8937:Anthropological Linguistics 8799:M. V., Sakellariou (1997). 8587:. I.B.Tauris. p. 360. 8382:Kritikos, Georgios (2005). 8146:Old and New Islam in Greece 8083:Manta, Eleftheria (2009). " 7855:Roudometof, Victor (2002). 6452:Lopasic, Alexander (1992). 5944:was used instead. The term 5858:Tzanelli, Rodanthi (2008). 5730:Babiniotis, George (2002). 5263:Diaspora Shqiptare në Turqi 5042:Roudometof, Victor (2002). 4980: 4868:Albanian National Awakening 4799:Albanian National Awakening 4536:used on special occasions. 4482: 4472:Goodbye, oh desolate Souli, 4466:We die without fear at all. 4446:Goodbye, oh desolate Souli, 4442:Goodbye, oh desolate Souli, 4435:lamtumir' për gjithë jetë. 4416:Lamtumirë, ju male e fusha, 4019: 4000: 3794:Estimation on Greek census 3505:Party for Justice and Unity 3499:Party for Justice and Unity 3374:Liberation Army of Chameria 2765:Expulsion of Cham Albanians 2570:Italian invasion of Albania 1994:Albanian National Awakening 1797:Principality of Gjirokastër 1481:Albanian National Awakening 1203: 1045: 10: 12922: 11966:Anemodoura, Maria (2020). 11936:Psimuli, Vaso Dh. (2016). 11851: 11806:Manta, Eleftheria (2009). 11411:(in Danish and Albanian). 10646:Partia Drejtësi dhe Unitet 10146:. Retrieved 18 April 2015. 8665:Mavrogordatos, George Th. 8305:The New Albanian Migration 8016:Manta, Eleftheria (2004). 7937:Princeton University Press 7871:Greenwood Publishing Group 7729:Οι Ελληνοαλβανικές Σχέσεις 7628:Οι Ελληνοαλβανικές Σχέσεις 7588:Οι Ελληνοαλβανικές Σχέσεις 7575:Οι Ελληνοαλβανικές Σχέσεις 7396:Οι Ελληνοαλβανικές Σχέσεις 7319:. I.B.Tauris. p. 54. 7290:Princeton University Press 7259:Cambridge University Press 7251:Jelavich, Barbara (1989). 6404:The Early Medieval Balkans 6375:(1). Athens, Greece: 1–16. 6167:Travels in Northern Greece 6085:Μιχάλης Κοκολάκης (2003). 5416:Hart, Laurie Kain (1999). 5339:The New Albanian Migration 5306: 5058:Greenwood Publishing Group 4836:Party of Labour of Albania 4590: 4586: 4474:goodbye for all eternity. 4444:for we part ways for life. 4367: 4354: 4175: 4169: 4031: 4004: 3606:), nicknamed also as "the 3591: 3568:Instituti i Studimeve Çame 3536: 3502: 3472: 3439: 3409: 3371: 3327: 3287:activity against the state 3213: 3194: 3092: 2896: 2808:with the local guerrillas 2800:officers described it as " 2762: 2666: 2556: 2431:made this agreement void. 2385: 2241:in 1915, by Fred Boissonas 2075:Congress of Berlin in 1878 1991: 1822: 1759: 1263: 1162: 1057: 241:Albanian national identity 25: 18: 12876: 12735: 12579: 12516: 12458: 12396: 12349: 12145:Vickers, Miranda (2007). 12124:Vickers, Miranda (2002). 11992:. Bloomsbury Publishing. 11955:Osswald, Brendan (2011). 11579:New York University Press 10845:Ciampi, Gabriele (1985). 10384:(in Turkish). 6 June 2008 10285:Winnifrith, Tom (1995). " 10177:Tsitsipis, Lukas (1981). 9687:. Ekdotike Athenon: 401. 9128:. Ayer Publishing, 1972. 9002:Albania at War, 1939–1945 8280:The Anglo-Hellenic League 8259:(in English and French). 7684:Concise History of Greece 5832:Karpat, Kemal H. (2001). 4409:se na do t’ikim për jetë. 4387: 4350: 4204:Greek War of Independence 4102:Standard (Tosk) Albanian 4038:Cham Albanians speak the 3881: 2802:a most disgraceful affair 2678:Prior to the outbreak of 2263:Greek minority in Albania 2245:At the conclusion of the 1964:Dionysius the Philosopher 1756:Medieval era (up to 1434) 1647:Axis Occupation of Greece 1445:Greek War of Independence 1322:Timeline of Cham history 1321: 1200:, near the Greek border. 367:Geographical distribution 212: 170: 157: 152: 140: 135: 117: 99: 81: 63: 58: 48: 43: 12411:4th "Ali Demi" Battalion 11745:Kretsi, Georgia (2002). 11254:Kruta, Beniamin (1991), 10311:Winnifrith, Tom (2002). 10163:27 November 2013 at the 9727:Ch. Links Verlag, 2008. 9661:Ch. Links Verlag, 2008. 9635:Ch. Links Verlag, 2008. 9609:Ch. Links Verlag, 2008. 9583:Ch. Links Verlag, 2008. 9520:Ch. Links Verlag, 2008. 9496:Ch. Links Verlag, 2008. 9388:Ch. Links Verlag, 2008. 9319:. Argonaut, 1965, p. 147 8642:10.1525/ae.1999.26.1.196 8415:10.1525/ah.2005.79.3.321 7813:Dinstein, Yoram (1996). 7313:Gawrych, George (2006). 7167: 7050:Isufi, Hajredin (2004). 6725: 6460:. Springer. p. 90. 6371:(in English and Greek). 5703:Kretsi, Georgia (2007). 5635:The Geographical Journal 5596:Winnifrith, Tom (2002). 5493:Galanti, Arturo (1901). 5434:10.1525/ae.1999.26.1.196 4511: 4422:s’pati turp, as perëndi. 4299: 4267: 3384:National Liberation Army 3078:Greek-Albanian relations 2845:National Liberation Army 2519:Prime Minister of Greece 1819:Ottoman rule (1434–1913) 821:Etymology and definition 12207: 11915:Yildirim, Onur (2006). 11547:, US: Scarecrow Press. 11211:Tole, Vasil S. (2001). 11181:Albanian Folk Polyphony 11173:Tole, Vasil S. (1999). 10860:Gallagher, Tom (2005). 9329:Petrov, Bisser (2005). 9099:Martin L. Van Creveld. 8743:Halili, Rigels (2007). 7413:una liga Greco-Albanese 7340:Ortayli, İlber (1998). 7282:Skendi, Stavro (1967). 6458:Perspectives On Albania 6220:Yildirim, Onur (2006). 5866:. 10 and 14 July 1880; 5566:(in French). Brussels: 4997:Treaty of London (1913) 4930:. They moved away from 4806:, minister of trade of 4503:) which means "Greek". 4405:se po ndahemi per jetë. 4241:), originally entitled 3631:Historical demographics 3255:Konstantinos Mitsotakis 3236:Albanian Prime Minister 2999:murderers of the Greeks 2965:-speaking communities. 2940:United Nations Assembly 2849:IV "Ali Demi" battalion 2729:International Red Cross 2620:Italian military forces 2173:Principality of Albania 1762:Origin of the Albanians 1617:in the Aegean Islands. 1408:18th and 19th centuries 1296:converting this section 782:Origin of the Albanians 330: 12373:Catastrophe of Zalongo 11831:Mazower, Mark (2000). 11785:Malcolm, Noel (2020). 11445:Elsie, Robert (2000). 11432:Çamëria – Vatra Amtare 10713:Biberaj, Elez (1998). 10216:Moraitis, Thanassis. " 9718:Hermann Frank Meyer. [ 9679:Kondis, Basil (1997). 7740:Dēmosthenēs Ch Dōdos. 7366:Kondis, Basil (1976). 6852:Jazexhi, Olsi (2007). 5200:Antonina Zhelyazkova. 4926:conquest, joining the 4908:Giovanni Paramithiotti 4838:and representative of 4627: 4544: 4418:na e punoi Pilo Gusha, 4414:se nuk duam skllavëri. 4412:Ne po vdesim për liri, 4275:Çamëria – Vatra amtare 4209:Bibliothèque Nationale 4199: 4029: 3300:In September 2016 the 3184: 3176: 3118:, in villages such as 3112:Ioannina regional unit 3034: 2982: 2932:Paris Peace Conference 2345: 2334:Pangalos regime (1926) 2242: 2136:from Igoumenitsa, and 1952:Greek-speaking Muslims 1858:and the hinterland of 1855: 1589:took power in Greece. 1173: 1055: 898:Ioannina regional unit 883:Preveza regional units 259:, which is a Southern 219:), are a sub-group of 204: 95:44 Muslim Chams (1986) 53: 170,000–690,000 16:Sub-group of Albanians 12524:Cham Albanian dialect 12498:Party of the Chameria 12468:"Çamëria" Association 12433:Paramythia executions 10421:on 27 September 2015. 10414:: 184. Archived from 10191:Foss, Arthur (1978). 10138:18 April 2015 at the 9749:Hermann Frank Meyer. 9652:Hermann Frank Meyer. 9626:Hermann Frank Meyer. 9600:Hermann Frank Meyer. 9574:Hermann Frank Meyer. 9513:Hermann Frank Meyer. 9489:Hermann Frank Meyer. 9422:eingegliedert werde." 9381:Hermann Frank Meyer. 9368:. Vol. 6. 2002. 9302:. Vol. 6. 2002. 8749:Nationalities Affairs 8057:Haddad, Emma (2008). 7599:Şeker, Nesim (2013). 7072:Isufi (2004) citing: 6162:Leake, William Martin 6010:The Free Dictionary. 5466:Bugajski, J. (2013). 5209:19 March 2009 at the 5174:Ahmed, Akbar (2018). 4920:Internazionale Milano 4900:and commander of the 4826:,(1919–1961) born in 4783:Muhamet Kyçyku (Çami) 4667:Albanian independence 4623: 4542: 4461:had no shame, no god. 4459:The wicked scoundrel, 4231:Muhamet Kyçyku (Çami) 4197: 4190:Muhamet Kyçyku (Çami) 4048:Tosk Albanian dialect 4034:Cham Albanian dialect 4027: 3032: 2980: 2388:Party of the Chameria 2341: 2285:Eleftherios Venizelos 2236: 2189:Eleftherios Venizelos 2056:Albanian independence 1170: 1053: 730:Italo-Albanian Church 546:Traditional tattooing 257:Cham Albanian dialect 164:Orthodox Christianity 146:Cham Albanian dialect 21:Cham Albanian dialect 12542:Song of Marko Boçari 12416:"Chameria" Battalion 12368:Souliote Confederacy 12221:. 19 September 2002. 11751:Ethnologia Balkanica 11303:Folk Dance of Europe 11011:Stanford, California 10968:3 March 2009 at the 10533:. 29 September 2016. 10292:10 July 2015 at the 10272:Sarah Green (2005). 10102:Sarah Green (2005). 9991:Charles R. Shrader. 9855:17 June 2010 at the 9365:Ethnologia Balkanica 9299:Ethnologia Balkanica 9046:. I.B.Tauris, 2006. 8720:Meta, Beqir (2005). 8630:American Ethnologist 8391:Agricultural History 6976:Nationalities Papers 5951:Byzantina et Moderna 5911:Nationalities Papers 5422:American Ethnologist 4992:Minorities in Greece 4958:Albanian Renaissance 4876:, (1852–1909), from 4161:Literature and media 3852:Current demographics 3743:Albanian government 3191:In the United States 3004:In 1949, during the 2946:1.2 million via the 2928:Communist government 2595:At the beginning of 2517:of Ioannis Metaxas, 2421:Mid'hat Bey Frashëri 2377:Pavlos Kountouriotis 2205:religious minorities 1917:Under Ottoman rule, 1795:(1358–1416) and the 300:occupation of Greece 12743:Azis Tahir Ajdonati 12552:Dance of Osman Taka 12537:Song of Çelo Mezani 12378:Assembly of Preveza 12095:10.12681/eadd/33128 11667:. Athens: EIE-ΚΝΕ. 10963:L'Albanie en 2005 - 10048:on 20 February 2012 9878:on 17 February 2017 9459:10.12681/eadd/17487 9433:The Cams of Albania 9407:The Cams of Albania 8847:The Cams of Albania 8569:The Cams of Albania 8556:The Cams of Albania 8471:The Cams of Albania 8240:on 20 January 2010. 8172:The Cams of Albania 8159:The Cams of Albania 8133:The Cams of Albania 7688:(Second ed.). 7407:Blumi, Isa (2013). 7241:Kondis, 1976, p. 24 5647:1929GeogJ..73..543P 5568:European Commission 5440:on 12 November 2014 4934:, in the region of 4743:Azis Tahir Ajdonati 4683:Hellenic Parliament 4653:Notable individuals 4573:Yugoslav communists 4363:Dance of Osman Taka 4357:Dance of Osman Taka 4345:song of Çelo Mezani 4255:Albanian literature 4172:Albanian literature 4007:Religion in Albania 3670: 3641:Athanasios Psalidas 3511:parliamentary party 3221:Political positions 3062:diplomatic incident 2720:executed 49 of them 2381:President of Greece 2138:Azis Tahir Ajdonati 1157:Ioannina prefecture 930:Albanians of Epirus 908:Ethnic appellations 40: 12568:Krahu i shqiponjës 12359:Pashalik of Janina 12297:Chameria Institute 12193:Vickers, Miranda. 12153:on 8 February 2016 12132:on 18 October 2015 12065:L'étude Euromosaic 11938:Suli dhe suljotët 11269:Ahmedaja, Ardian; 11241:Studime Historike 10443:on 3 December 2008 10299:Society Farsharotu 9317:Albania's captives 9208:Albania's Captives 9065:Albania's captives 9028:The Hollow Legions 8726:Historical Studies 7939:. pp. 25–26. 7056:Historical Studies 6271:langue-vehiculaire 5359:M. Mazower (ed.), 5276:Vickers, Miranda. 5146:Vickers, Miranda. 4755:, writer, born in 4711:Ottoman Parliament 4628: 4545: 4493:Albanian mythology 4470:we die by dancing. 4376:Vallja e Zallongut 4333:cham iso-polyphony 4280:Krahu i shqiponjës 4200: 4030: 3668: 3562:Chameria Institute 3102:Christian Orthodox 3035: 2983: 2806:an orgy of revenge 2703:Balli Kombëtar Çam 2674:Italian occupation 2645:invasion of Greece 2614:On the eve of the 2559:Chamerian conflict 2515:dictatorial regime 2351:Theodoros Pangalos 2346: 2343:Theodoros Pangalos 2251:Treaty of Lausanne 2243: 2033:Rilindja Kombëtare 1908:Pashalik of Yanina 1844:Prefeza prefecture 1587:dictatorial regime 1298:, if appropriate. 1174: 1056: 846:(Θύαμις in Greek, 777:History of Albania 38: 12888: 12887: 12237:. 1 November 2005 12067:(in French). 2006 11633:10.4000/ejts.4444 11497:978-99943-688-2-2 11405:Pedersen, Holgert 11078:Academy of Athens 10721:Boulder, Colorado 10687:on 8 October 2018 10403:Yenigun, Cuneyt. 10363:978-1-4985-9920-7 10004:978-0-275-96544-0 9994:The withered vine 9761:978-3-86153-447-1 9752:Blutiges Edelweiß 9733:978-3-86153-447-1 9667:978-3-86153-447-1 9641:978-3-86153-447-1 9615:978-3-86153-447-1 9589:978-3-86153-447-1 9526:978-3-86153-447-1 9502:978-3-86153-447-1 9394:978-3-86153-447-1 9194:978-1-4179-8528-9 9156:978-87-7289-450-8 9134:978-0-8369-2963-8 9111:978-0-521-20143-8 9088:978-0-521-33835-6 9052:978-1-84511-104-5 9012:978-1-85065-531-2 8903:Tsoutsoumpis 2015 8594:978-1-78076-000-1 6868:on 10 April 2008. 6493:. Edizioni Plus. 6467:978-1-349-22050-2 6041:978-1-780760-00-1 5870:, 3 April 1881)." 5716:978-3-447-05544-4 5537:Studime Historike 5394:978-0-313-31949-5 5320:978-3-86153-447-1 5219:978-954-8872-53-9 4928:Albanian diaspora 4852:, officer of the 4707:Sanjak of Preveza 4663:League of Prizren 4661:, founder of the 4480: 4479: 4154: 4153: 4052:Arvanitic dialect 3998: 3997: 3849: 3848: 3777:Greek government 3649:Armenian American 3430:Pyrrhus of Epirus 3396:political parties 3311:Citizenship issue 3197:Albanian American 3066:Karolos Papoulias 3016:Current situation 2987:Enver Halil Hoxha 2936:George Papandreou 2926:The new post-war 2867:Varkiza Agreement 2743:in the region of 2710:German occupation 2616:Greco-Italian War 2496:government. King 2412:League of Nations 2209:ethnic minorities 2181:Kingdom of Greece 2079:Kingdom of Greece 2052:League of Prizren 2026:League of Prizren 1942:and neighbouring 1793:Despotate of Arta 1787:campaign against 1753: 1752: 1745:Chams create the 1731:Chams create the 1525:Kingdom of Greece 1485:League of Prizren 1465:, translates the 1317: 1316: 1001:(Ελληνοτσάμηδες, 957:(Τουρκοτσάμηδες, 939:(Αλβανοτσάμηδες, 818: 817: 649:Albanian language 581:Kângë Kreshnikësh 306:with Italian and 292:Greco-Italian War 253:Albanian language 231:and northwestern 190: 189: 12913: 12557:Dance of Zalongo 12336: 12329: 12322: 12313: 12312: 12281: 12279: 12277: 12246: 12244: 12242: 12222: 12203: 12201: 12189: 12187: 12185: 12179: 12172: 12162: 12160: 12158: 12149:. Archived from 12141: 12139: 12137: 12128:. Archived from 12120: 12114: 12106: 12104: 12102: 12097: 12076: 12074: 12072: 12056: 12054: 12052: 12025: 12003: 11982: 11980: 11978: 11962: 11951: 11932: 11911: 11890: 11888: 11886: 11869: 11848: 11827: 11825: 11823: 11802: 11780:Via Google Books 11778: 11776: 11774: 11769:on 10 March 2012 11765:. Archived from 11741: 11720: 11699: 11698:on 10 June 2008. 11697: 11690: 11678: 11657: 11645: 11635: 11600: 11599: 11597: 11595: 11577:. New York, US: 11569:Brock, Adrian C. 11565: 11559: 11558: 11545:Lanham, Maryland 11536: 11530: 11524: 11518: 11517: 11509: 11500: 11489: 11470: 11469: 11467: 11465: 11442: 11436: 11435: 11427: 11421: 11420: 11401: 11395: 11388: 11379: 11376: 11370: 11367: 11361: 11359: 11349: 11343: 11341: 11331: 11325: 11324: 11322: 11320: 11297: 11291: 11290: 11266: 11260: 11259: 11251: 11245: 11244: 11236: 11230: 11229: 11224: 11222: 11208: 11202: 11201: 11199: 11197: 11170: 11161: 11160: 11158: 11156: 11133: 11122: 11121: 11119: 11117: 11091: 11082: 11081: 11069: 11060: 11059: 11041: 11032: 11031: 11029: 11027: 11000: 10994: 10989: 10983: 10978: 10972: 10960: 10954: 10953: 10951: 10949: 10918: 10912: 10911: 10909: 10907: 10884: 10878: 10877: 10857: 10851: 10850: 10842: 10836: 10830: 10821: 10815: 10809: 10808: 10799: 10793: 10786: 10780: 10774: 10768: 10767: 10765: 10763: 10751: 10742: 10741: 10739: 10737: 10710: 10697: 10696: 10694: 10692: 10677: 10671: 10670: 10668: 10666: 10654: 10648: 10643: 10637: 10636: 10634: 10632: 10616: 10607: 10606: 10604: 10602: 10586: 10577: 10576: 10575: 10573: 10553: 10547: 10544: 10535: 10534: 10527: 10521: 10515: 10509: 10503: 10494: 10487: 10481: 10475: 10464: 10459: 10453: 10452: 10450: 10448: 10432: 10423: 10422: 10420: 10409: 10400: 10394: 10393: 10391: 10389: 10374: 10368: 10367: 10347: 10341: 10340: 10338: 10336: 10322: 10316: 10309: 10303: 10283: 10277: 10270: 10264: 10260: 10254: 10244: 10238: 10231: 10225: 10214: 10208: 10206: 10188: 10182: 10175: 10169: 10153: 10147: 10144:cultureportalweb 10129: 10123: 10113: 10107: 10100: 10094: 10088: 10082: 10076: 10070: 10064: 10058: 10057: 10055: 10053: 10037: 10031: 10025: 10019: 10013: 10007: 9989: 9983: 9977: 9966: 9960: 9954: 9943: 9937: 9931: 9925: 9919: 9913: 9912: 9910: 9908: 9897: 9891: 9890: 9885: 9883: 9865: 9859: 9846: 9840: 9829: 9823: 9817: 9811: 9810: 9790: 9784: 9773: 9764: 9747: 9736: 9716: 9710: 9709: 9703: 9701: 9676: 9670: 9650: 9644: 9624: 9618: 9598: 9592: 9572: 9566: 9559: 9553: 9547: 9541: 9535: 9529: 9511: 9505: 9487: 9481: 9480: 9475: 9473: 9467:10442/hedi/17487 9442: 9436: 9429: 9423: 9419: 9410: 9403: 9397: 9379: 9373: 9372: 9360: 9354: 9353: 9326: 9320: 9313: 9307: 9306: 9294: 9288: 9287: 9267: 9258: 9248: 9242: 9241: 9221: 9212: 9203: 9197: 9180: 9174: 9165: 9159: 9143: 9137: 9122:Bernard Newman. 9120: 9114: 9097: 9091: 9076:MacGregor Knox. 9074: 9068: 9061: 9055: 9038: 9032: 9023: 9017: 9016: 8996: 8985: 8975: 8969: 8963: 8957: 8956: 8932: 8921: 8915: 8906: 8900: 8891: 8885: 8879: 8868: 8862: 8856: 8850: 8843: 8837: 8836: 8826: 8820: 8819: 8796: 8790: 8784: 8778: 8759: 8753: 8752: 8740: 8734: 8733: 8717: 8708: 8707: 8705: 8703: 8698:on 19 March 2009 8697: 8690: 8679: 8670: 8663: 8654: 8653: 8625: 8614: 8613: 8605: 8599: 8598: 8578: 8572: 8565: 8559: 8552: 8546: 8540: 8534: 8528: 8522: 8516: 8510: 8504: 8498: 8492: 8486: 8480: 8474: 8467: 8458: 8452: 8446: 8440: 8434: 8433: 8431: 8429: 8423: 8417:. Archived from 8388: 8379: 8370: 8369: 8367: 8365: 8342: 8331: 8330: 8328: 8326: 8299: 8288: 8287: 8275: 8269: 8268: 8248: 8242: 8241: 8239: 8233:. Archived from 8232: 8223: 8210: 8209: 8181: 8175: 8168: 8162: 8155: 8149: 8142: 8136: 8129: 8123: 8117: 8111: 8105: 8092: 8081: 8075: 8074: 8054: 8048: 8042: 8036: 8035: 8013: 8000: 7999: 7997: 7995: 7964: 7958: 7957: 7955: 7953: 7921: 7892: 7891: 7889: 7887: 7852: 7846: 7845: 7843: 7841: 7810: 7804: 7803: 7801: 7799: 7794:on 19 March 2009 7793: 7780: 7774: 7773: 7753: 7747: 7746:. Savvalas, 2005 7738: 7732: 7727:Pitouli-Kitsou. 7725: 7719: 7718: 7716: 7714: 7687: 7674: 7668: 7654: 7648: 7642: 7631: 7626:Pitouli-Kitsou. 7624: 7618: 7612: 7606: 7597: 7591: 7586:Pitouli-Kitsou. 7584: 7578: 7573:Pitouli-Kitsou. 7571: 7565: 7564: 7543: 7528: 7522: 7516: 7510: 7504: 7498: 7492: 7486: 7480: 7474: 7468: 7462: 7456: 7450: 7444: 7438: 7432: 7422: 7416: 7405: 7399: 7394:Pitouli-Kitsou. 7392: 7386: 7377: 7371: 7364: 7358: 7354: 7348: 7347: 7337: 7331: 7330: 7310: 7304: 7303: 7279: 7273: 7272: 7248: 7242: 7239: 7233: 7232: 7212: 7206: 7202: 7196: 7192: 7186: 7185: 7179: 7171: 7163: 7157: 7153: 7147: 7146: 7144: 7142: 7119: 7113: 7106: 7097: 7096: 7084: 7075:Braudel, Fernand 7070: 7064: 7063: 7047: 7032: 7015: 7009: 6999: 6993: 6972: 6966: 6965: 6960: 6958: 6952: 6945: 6934: 6925: 6918: 6912: 6906: 6900: 6897: 6884: 6883: 6877: 6869: 6867: 6860: 6849: 6840: 6834: 6781: 6775: 6769: 6768: 6748: 6742: 6741: 6739: 6737: 6731: 6720: 6707: 6696: 6665: 6659: 6653: 6647: 6641: 6640: 6635: 6633: 6608: 6602: 6601: 6576: 6570: 6569: 6541: 6532: 6531: 6511: 6505: 6504: 6478: 6472: 6471: 6449: 6443: 6428: 6419: 6418: 6398: 6392: 6386: 6377: 6376: 6364: 6349: 6348: 6346: 6344: 6338: 6331: 6322: 6316: 6315: 6311: 6300: 6294: 6275: 6255: 6249: 6248: 6246: 6244: 6217: 6204: 6203: 6201: 6199: 6188: 6182: 6181: 6158: 6149: 6148: 6146: 6144: 6129: 6123: 6122: 6101: 6092: 6083: 6074: 6073: 6053: 6044: 6029: 6023: 6022: 6020: 6018: 6007: 6001: 5990: 5984: 5983: 5975: 5966: 5965:, pp. 18–20 5960: 5954: 5927: 5918: 5907: 5901: 5890: 5884: 5877: 5871: 5856: 5850: 5843: 5837: 5830: 5824: 5823: 5821: 5819: 5813: 5797: 5746: 5745: 5727: 5721: 5720: 5700: 5667: 5666: 5630: 5621: 5620: 5618: 5616: 5593: 5584: 5583: 5581: 5579: 5560: 5545: 5544: 5532: 5517: 5510: 5504: 5503: 5501: 5490: 5484: 5478: 5472: 5471: 5463: 5454: 5453: 5447: 5445: 5436:. Archived from 5413: 5400: 5398: 5378: 5372: 5357: 5351: 5334: 5328: 5327: 5304: 5298: 5297: 5292: 5290: 5284: 5273: 5267: 5266: 5258: 5237: 5231: 5222: 5198: 5192: 5191: 5171: 5165: 5164: 5162: 5160: 5154: 5143: 5072: 5071: 5039: 4705:, deputy of the 4697:Treaty of London 4593:Albanian cuisine 4420:I pabesi faqezi, 4385: 4384: 4370:Dance of Zalongo 4096: 4095: 4092: 4088: 4076: 4072: 3990:Delvinë District 3980:Sarandë District 3879: 3878: 3671: 3667: 2657:occupation zones 2582:Kingdom of Italy 2574:Albanian Kingdom 2540:, from parts of 2379:was restored as 2120:from Margariti, 1981:Crypto-Christian 1900:Vilayet of Yanya 1879:mountain range. 1521:Treaty of London 1319: 1318: 1312: 1309: 1303: 1294:You can help by 1276: 1275: 1268: 1072:in Albania (the 1070:Saranda district 810: 803: 796: 530:Albanian culture 358: 335: 334: 296:internment camps 278:. Following the 245:Albanian culture 227:in southwestern 214: 125: 123: 122: 107: 105: 104: 89: 87: 86: 71: 69: 68: 54: 51: 44:Total population 41: 37: 12921: 12920: 12916: 12915: 12914: 12912: 12911: 12910: 12891: 12890: 12889: 12884: 12883: 12872: 12848:Dashamir Tahiri 12731: 12575: 12512: 12493:Shoqata Çamëria 12454: 12392: 12345: 12340: 12288: 12275: 12273: 12271: 12253: 12251:Further reading 12240: 12238: 12225: 12213: 12210: 12199: 12183: 12181: 12177: 12170: 12156: 12154: 12135: 12133: 12108: 12107: 12100: 12098: 12070: 12068: 12059: 12050: 12048: 12047:on 17 June 2010 12035: 12032: 12022: 12000: 11976: 11974: 11948: 11929: 11908: 11884: 11882: 11866: 11845: 11821: 11819: 11799: 11772: 11770: 11738: 11717: 11695: 11688: 11675: 11614: 11609: 11604: 11603: 11593: 11591: 11589: 11581:. p. 260. 11566: 11562: 11555: 11537: 11533: 11525: 11521: 11510: 11503: 11490: 11473: 11463: 11461: 11459: 11443: 11439: 11428: 11424: 11402: 11398: 11389: 11382: 11377: 11373: 11368: 11364: 11350: 11346: 11332: 11328: 11318: 11316: 11314: 11298: 11294: 11287: 11267: 11263: 11252: 11248: 11237: 11233: 11220: 11218: 11209: 11205: 11195: 11193: 11191: 11171: 11164: 11154: 11152: 11150: 11134: 11125: 11115: 11113: 11111: 11092: 11085: 11070: 11063: 11056: 11042: 11035: 11025: 11023: 11021: 11001: 10997: 10990: 10986: 10979: 10975: 10970:Wayback Machine 10961: 10957: 10947: 10945: 10943: 10927:(15 ed.). 10919: 10915: 10905: 10903: 10901: 10885: 10881: 10874: 10858: 10854: 10843: 10839: 10833:Baltsiotis 2011 10831: 10824: 10818:Baltsiotis 2011 10816: 10812: 10801: 10800: 10796: 10787: 10783: 10775: 10771: 10761: 10759: 10752: 10745: 10735: 10733: 10731: 10711: 10700: 10690: 10688: 10679: 10678: 10674: 10664: 10662: 10655: 10651: 10644: 10640: 10630: 10628: 10617: 10610: 10600: 10598: 10597:on 7 March 2009 10587: 10580: 10571: 10569: 10554: 10550: 10545: 10538: 10529: 10528: 10524: 10516: 10512: 10504: 10497: 10488: 10484: 10476: 10467: 10460: 10456: 10446: 10444: 10433: 10426: 10418: 10407: 10401: 10397: 10387: 10385: 10376: 10375: 10371: 10364: 10348: 10344: 10334: 10332: 10324: 10323: 10319: 10310: 10306: 10294:Wayback Machine 10284: 10280: 10271: 10267: 10261: 10257: 10247:Baltsiotis 2011 10245: 10241: 10232: 10228: 10215: 10211: 10203: 10189: 10185: 10176: 10172: 10165:Wayback Machine 10154: 10150: 10140:Wayback Machine 10130: 10126: 10114: 10110: 10101: 10097: 10091:Baltsiotis 2011 10089: 10085: 10077: 10073: 10065: 10061: 10051: 10049: 10038: 10034: 10026: 10022: 10014: 10010: 9990: 9986: 9978: 9969: 9961: 9957: 9944: 9940: 9932: 9928: 9922:Baltsiotis 2011 9920: 9916: 9906: 9904: 9899: 9898: 9894: 9881: 9879: 9866: 9862: 9857:Wayback Machine 9847: 9843: 9830: 9826: 9818: 9814: 9807: 9791: 9787: 9774: 9767: 9748: 9739: 9717: 9713: 9699: 9697: 9695: 9677: 9673: 9651: 9647: 9625: 9621: 9599: 9595: 9573: 9569: 9560: 9556: 9548: 9544: 9536: 9532: 9512: 9508: 9488: 9484: 9471: 9469: 9443: 9439: 9430: 9426: 9420: 9413: 9404: 9400: 9380: 9376: 9362: 9361: 9357: 9327: 9323: 9314: 9310: 9296: 9295: 9291: 9284: 9268: 9261: 9251:Baltsiotis 2011 9249: 9245: 9238: 9222: 9215: 9204: 9200: 9181: 9177: 9170:They were there 9166: 9162: 9144: 9140: 9121: 9117: 9098: 9094: 9075: 9071: 9062: 9058: 9039: 9035: 9024: 9020: 9013: 8997: 8988: 8984:, 1937, A4/9)." 8978:Baltsiotis 2011 8976: 8972: 8966:Baltsiotis 2011 8964: 8960: 8933: 8924: 8916: 8909: 8901: 8894: 8888:Baltsiotis 2011 8886: 8882: 8871:Baltsiotis 2011 8869: 8865: 8857: 8853: 8844: 8840: 8827: 8823: 8813: 8797: 8793: 8785: 8781: 8762:Baltsiotis 2011 8760: 8756: 8741: 8737: 8728:(in Albanian). 8718: 8711: 8701: 8699: 8695: 8688: 8680: 8673: 8664: 8657: 8626: 8617: 8606: 8602: 8595: 8579: 8575: 8566: 8562: 8553: 8549: 8543:Baltsiotis 2011 8541: 8537: 8531:Baltsiotis 2011 8529: 8525: 8517: 8513: 8507:Baltsiotis 2011 8505: 8501: 8495:Baltsiotis 2011 8493: 8489: 8483:Baltsiotis 2011 8481: 8477: 8468: 8461: 8455:Baltsiotis 2011 8453: 8449: 8443:Baltsiotis 2011 8441: 8437: 8427: 8425: 8424:on 16 July 2011 8421: 8386: 8380: 8373: 8363: 8361: 8359: 8343: 8334: 8324: 8322: 8320: 8300: 8291: 8276: 8272: 8249: 8245: 8237: 8230: 8224: 8213: 8206: 8182: 8178: 8169: 8165: 8156: 8152: 8143: 8139: 8130: 8126: 8120:Baltsiotis 2011 8118: 8114: 8108:Baltsiotis 2011 8106: 8095: 8082: 8078: 8071: 8055: 8051: 8043: 8039: 8032: 8014: 8003: 7993: 7991: 7989: 7965: 7961: 7951: 7949: 7947: 7922: 7895: 7885: 7883: 7881: 7873:. p. 179. 7853: 7849: 7839: 7837: 7835: 7811: 7807: 7797: 7795: 7791: 7781: 7777: 7755: 7754: 7750: 7739: 7735: 7726: 7722: 7712: 7710: 7708: 7675: 7671: 7657:Baltsiotis 2011 7655: 7651: 7643: 7634: 7625: 7621: 7615:Baltsiotis 2011 7613: 7609: 7598: 7594: 7585: 7581: 7572: 7568: 7561: 7544: 7531: 7525:Baltsiotis 2011 7523: 7519: 7513:Baltsiotis 2011 7511: 7507: 7501:Baltsiotis 2011 7499: 7495: 7489:Baltsiotis 2011 7487: 7483: 7477:Baltsiotis 2011 7475: 7471: 7465:Baltsiotis 2011 7463: 7459: 7453:Baltsiotis 2011 7451: 7447: 7441:Baltsiotis 2011 7439: 7435: 7423: 7419: 7406: 7402: 7393: 7389: 7378: 7374: 7365: 7361: 7355: 7351: 7338: 7334: 7327: 7311: 7307: 7300: 7280: 7276: 7269: 7261:. p. 365. 7249: 7245: 7240: 7236: 7229: 7213: 7209: 7203: 7199: 7193: 7189: 7173: 7172: 7169: 7164: 7160: 7154: 7150: 7140: 7138: 7136: 7120: 7116: 7107: 7100: 7093: 7071: 7067: 7058:(in Albanian). 7048: 7035: 7016: 7012: 7002:Baltsiotis 2011 7000: 6996: 6973: 6969: 6956: 6954: 6953:on 3 March 2016 6950: 6943: 6935: 6928: 6919: 6915: 6909:Baltsiotis 2011 6907: 6903: 6898: 6887: 6871: 6870: 6865: 6858: 6850: 6843: 6835: 6784: 6776: 6772: 6765: 6749: 6745: 6735: 6733: 6729: 6727: 6721: 6710: 6697: 6668: 6660: 6656: 6648: 6644: 6631: 6629: 6627: 6609: 6605: 6595: 6577: 6573: 6558: 6542: 6535: 6528: 6512: 6508: 6501: 6479: 6475: 6468: 6450: 6446: 6429: 6422: 6415: 6399: 6395: 6387: 6380: 6365: 6352: 6342: 6340: 6336: 6329: 6325:Βόγλη, Ελπίδα. 6323: 6319: 6312: 6303: 6295: 6278: 6258:Baltsiotis 2011 6256: 6252: 6242: 6240: 6238: 6218: 6207: 6197: 6195: 6190: 6189: 6185: 6178: 6159: 6152: 6142: 6140: 6131: 6130: 6126: 6119: 6102: 6095: 6084: 6077: 6070: 6054: 6047: 6030: 6026: 6016: 6014: 6008: 6004: 5991: 5987: 5976: 5969: 5963:Baltsiotis 2009 5961: 5957: 5930:Baltsiotis 2011 5928: 5921: 5908: 5904: 5891: 5887: 5878: 5874: 5857: 5853: 5844: 5840: 5831: 5827: 5817: 5815: 5811: 5798: 5749: 5742: 5728: 5724: 5717: 5701: 5670: 5655:10.2307/1785338 5631: 5624: 5614: 5612: 5610: 5594: 5587: 5577: 5575: 5562: 5561: 5548: 5539:(in Albanian). 5533: 5520: 5512:Vladimir Orel, 5511: 5507: 5499: 5491: 5487: 5479: 5475: 5464: 5457: 5443: 5441: 5414: 5403: 5395: 5379: 5375: 5358: 5354: 5335: 5331: 5321: 5305: 5301: 5288: 5286: 5282: 5274: 5270: 5259: 5240: 5232: 5225: 5211:Wayback Machine 5199: 5195: 5188: 5172: 5168: 5158: 5156: 5152: 5144: 5075: 5068: 5060:. p. 182. 5040: 5015: 5010: 4983: 4954:cinematographer 4655: 4611:Ottoman cuisine 4595: 4589: 4558: 4514: 4509: 4485: 4476: 4473: 4471: 4469: 4467: 4465: 4463: 4462: 4460: 4458: 4456: 4454: 4452: 4450: 4449: 4447: 4445: 4443: 4437: 4434: 4432: 4430: 4428: 4426: 4424: 4423: 4421: 4419: 4417: 4415: 4413: 4411: 4410: 4408: 4406: 4404: 4372: 4359: 4353: 4302: 4297: 4270: 4192: 4182:Markos Botsaris 4174: 4168: 4163: 4036: 4022: 4009: 4003: 3950:Kavajë District 3940:Durrës District 3920:Tirana District 3910:Kurbin District 3854: 3688: 3683: 3678: 3654:The New Armenia 3633: 3624: 3596: 3590: 3564: 3541: 3535: 3527:Socialist Party 3507: 3501: 3477: 3471: 3463:Property Rights 3459:Right of Return 3444: 3438: 3414: 3408: 3392: 3376: 3370: 3346: 3332: 3330:Right to return 3326: 3313: 3266:populations of 3223: 3218: 3212: 3199: 3193: 3157:First World War 3153: 3104: 3095: 3090: 3023: 3018: 3006:Greek Civil War 2975: 2913:Northern Epirus 2901: 2895: 2857:Greek Civil War 2837: 2816:reported that " 2771:Napoleon Zervas 2767: 2761: 2759:First expulsion 2712: 2684:Fascist Italian 2676: 2671: 2665: 2566: 2561: 2555: 2523:Slavic-speakers 2511: 2481:(from Albanian 2429:Ioannis Metaxas 2390: 2373: 2336: 2316:Reginald Leeper 2231: 2152: 2147: 2132:from Filiates, 2128:from Ioannina, 2083:Abedin bey Dino 1996: 1990: 1969:Fernand Braudel 1948:northern Greece 1944:Greek Macedonia 1831: 1825:Ottoman Albania 1821: 1764: 1758: 1449:Markos Botsaris 1313: 1307: 1304: 1293: 1277: 1273: 1266: 1206: 1165: 1062: 1048: 1039: 991:Christian Chams 949:(Τουρκαλβανοί, 910: 823: 814: 769: 768: 716: 715: 704: 652: 651: 640: 533: 532: 521: 413:North Macedonia 370: 369: 333: 324:right of return 312:flee to Albania 186: 171: 162: 120: 118: 102: 100: 84: 82: 77:120,000–250,000 66: 64: 52: 36: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 12919: 12909: 12908: 12903: 12901:Cham Albanians 12886: 12885: 12877: 12874: 12873: 12871: 12870: 12868:Bilal Xhaferri 12865: 12860: 12855: 12850: 12845: 12840: 12838:Tahir Muhedini 12835: 12833:Shpëtim Idrizi 12830: 12828:Muhamet Kyçyku 12825: 12820: 12815: 12810: 12805: 12800: 12795: 12790: 12785: 12780: 12775: 12770: 12765: 12760: 12755: 12750: 12745: 12739: 12737: 12733: 12732: 12730: 12729: 12724: 12719: 12714: 12709: 12704: 12699: 12694: 12689: 12684: 12679: 12674: 12669: 12664: 12659: 12654: 12649: 12644: 12639: 12634: 12629: 12624: 12619: 12614: 12609: 12608: 12607: 12602: 12597: 12589: 12583: 12581: 12577: 12576: 12574: 12573: 12572: 12571: 12561: 12560: 12559: 12554: 12546: 12545: 12544: 12539: 12534: 12526: 12520: 12518: 12514: 12513: 12511: 12510: 12505: 12500: 12495: 12490: 12485: 12480: 12475: 12470: 12464: 12462: 12456: 12455: 12453: 12452: 12447: 12442: 12437: 12436: 12435: 12430: 12420: 12419: 12418: 12413: 12402: 12400: 12394: 12393: 12391: 12390: 12385: 12380: 12375: 12370: 12361: 12355: 12353: 12347: 12346: 12343:Cham Albanians 12339: 12338: 12331: 12324: 12316: 12310: 12309: 12304: 12299: 12294: 12287: 12286:External links 12284: 12283: 12282: 12269: 12252: 12249: 12248: 12247: 12223: 12209: 12206: 12205: 12204: 12190: 12180:on 6 July 2011 12163: 12142: 12121: 12077: 12057: 12031: 12028: 12027: 12026: 12020: 12004: 11998: 11983: 11963: 11952: 11946: 11933: 11927: 11912: 11906: 11891: 11870: 11864: 11849: 11843: 11828: 11803: 11798:978-0192599223 11797: 11782: 11742: 11736: 11721: 11715: 11700: 11679: 11673: 11658: 11646: 11613: 11610: 11608: 11605: 11602: 11601: 11587: 11560: 11553: 11531: 11519: 11501: 11471: 11457: 11437: 11422: 11396: 11380: 11371: 11362: 11344: 11326: 11312: 11292: 11285: 11261: 11246: 11231: 11203: 11189: 11162: 11148: 11123: 11109: 11083: 11061: 11054: 11033: 11019: 10995: 10984: 10973: 10955: 10941: 10913: 10899: 10879: 10872: 10852: 10837: 10822: 10810: 10804:Oriental World 10794: 10781: 10769: 10743: 10729: 10698: 10672: 10649: 10638: 10608: 10578: 10568:on 12 May 2003 10562:Problimatismoi 10548: 10536: 10522: 10520:, p. 121. 10510: 10506:Ktistakis 2006 10495: 10482: 10480:, p. 119. 10465: 10454: 10424: 10395: 10369: 10362: 10342: 10317: 10304: 10278: 10265: 10255: 10239: 10226: 10209: 10201: 10183: 10170: 10148: 10124: 10108: 10095: 10083: 10079:Ktistakis 2006 10071: 10059: 10032: 10020: 10018:, p. 185. 10008: 9984: 9967: 9955: 9938: 9926: 9914: 9892: 9860: 9850:Online version 9841: 9824: 9812: 9805: 9785: 9765: 9737: 9711: 9693: 9671: 9645: 9619: 9593: 9591:, p. 204, 476. 9567: 9554: 9552:, p. 178. 9542: 9530: 9528:, p. 152, 464. 9506: 9482: 9451:didaktorika.gr 9437: 9424: 9411: 9398: 9374: 9355: 9335:Balkan Studies 9321: 9308: 9289: 9282: 9259: 9243: 9236: 9213: 9198: 9185:Balcony Empire 9175: 9160: 9138: 9125:The New Europe 9115: 9092: 9069: 9056: 9040:Owen Pearson. 9033: 9018: 9011: 8986: 8970: 8958: 8922: 8907: 8892: 8880: 8863: 8859:Ktistakis 2006 8851: 8838: 8832:Balkan studies 8821: 8811: 8791: 8779: 8754: 8735: 8709: 8671: 8655: 8636:(1): 196–220. 8615: 8600: 8593: 8573: 8560: 8547: 8535: 8523: 8519:Ktistakis 2006 8511: 8499: 8487: 8475: 8459: 8447: 8435: 8371: 8357: 8332: 8318: 8289: 8270: 8243: 8211: 8204: 8176: 8163: 8150: 8137: 8124: 8112: 8093: 8076: 8069: 8049: 8037: 8030: 8001: 7987: 7959: 7945: 7893: 7879: 7847: 7833: 7805: 7775: 7758:Balkan Studies 7748: 7733: 7720: 7706: 7694:United Kingdom 7678:Clogg, Richard 7669: 7649: 7632: 7619: 7607: 7592: 7579: 7566: 7559: 7529: 7517: 7505: 7493: 7481: 7469: 7457: 7445: 7433: 7424:P. J. Ruches. 7417: 7400: 7387: 7372: 7359: 7349: 7332: 7325: 7305: 7298: 7292:. p. 70. 7274: 7267: 7243: 7234: 7227: 7207: 7197: 7187: 7158: 7148: 7134: 7114: 7098: 7091: 7065: 7033: 7010: 6994: 6967: 6926: 6913: 6901: 6885: 6841: 6782: 6770: 6763: 6743: 6708: 6666: 6662:Kokolakis 2003 6654: 6650:Kokolakis 2003 6642: 6625: 6603: 6593: 6571: 6556: 6533: 6526: 6506: 6499: 6473: 6466: 6444: 6420: 6413: 6393: 6391:, p. 182. 6378: 6369:Balkan Studies 6350: 6339:on 14 May 2015 6317: 6301: 6276: 6250: 6236: 6205: 6183: 6176: 6150: 6139:on 18 May 2009 6124: 6117: 6093: 6075: 6068: 6045: 6024: 6002: 5985: 5967: 5955: 5919: 5902: 5885: 5872: 5851: 5838: 5825: 5747: 5740: 5722: 5715: 5668: 5641:(6): 543–548. 5622: 5608: 5585: 5546: 5518: 5505: 5485: 5473: 5455: 5401: 5393: 5373: 5352: 5329: 5319: 5299: 5268: 5238: 5234:Ktistakis 2006 5223: 5193: 5186: 5166: 5073: 5066: 5012: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5005: 5004: 4999: 4994: 4989: 4982: 4979: 4978: 4977: 4943: 4910:(Died in 1943 4905: 4891: 4881: 4871: 4861: 4858:Balli Kombëtar 4847: 4821: 4811: 4801: 4792: 4786: 4780: 4770: 4764: 4753:Bilal Xhaferri 4750: 4740: 4718: 4700: 4686: 4676: 4670: 4654: 4651: 4591:Main article: 4588: 4585: 4557: 4554: 4528:, the leather 4513: 4510: 4508: 4505: 4484: 4481: 4478: 4477: 4440: 4438: 4401: 4398: 4397: 4394: 4390: 4389: 4368:Main article: 4355:Main article: 4352: 4349: 4310:iso-polyphonic 4306:Albanian music 4301: 4298: 4296: 4293: 4269: 4266: 4186:Bilal Xhaferri 4170:Main article: 4167: 4164: 4162: 4159: 4152: 4151: 4148: 4145: 4142: 4138: 4137: 4134: 4131: 4128: 4124: 4123: 4120: 4117: 4114: 4110: 4109: 4106: 4103: 4100: 4099:Cham Albanian 4032:Main article: 4021: 4018: 4002: 3999: 3996: 3995: 3992: 3986: 3985: 3982: 3976: 3975: 3972: 3966: 3965: 3962: 3960:Vlorë District 3956: 3955: 3952: 3946: 3945: 3942: 3936: 3935: 3932: 3930:Lezhë District 3926: 3925: 3922: 3916: 3915: 3912: 3906:Krujë District 3902: 3901: 3898: 3896:Shkodër County 3892: 3891: 3888: 3884: 3883: 3853: 3850: 3847: 3846: 3843: 3840: 3837: 3834: 3830: 3829: 3826: 3823: 3820: 3817: 3813: 3812: 3809: 3806: 3803: 3800: 3796: 3795: 3792: 3789: 3786: 3783: 3779: 3778: 3775: 3772: 3769: 3766: 3762: 3761: 3758: 3755: 3752: 3749: 3745: 3744: 3741: 3738: 3735: 3732: 3728: 3727: 3724: 3721: 3718: 3715: 3711: 3710: 3707: 3704: 3701: 3698: 3694: 3693: 3690: 3685: 3680: 3675: 3659:Tosk Albanians 3651:estimate from 3632: 3629: 3623: 3620: 3616:Bilal Xhaferri 3592:Main article: 3589: 3586: 3563: 3560: 3537:Main article: 3534: 3531: 3519:Shpëtim Idrizi 3503:Main article: 3500: 3497: 3473:Main article: 3470: 3467: 3452:Washington, DC 3440:Main article: 3437: 3434: 3420:(in Albanian: 3410:Main article: 3407: 3404: 3391: 3388: 3372:Main article: 3369: 3366: 3350:United Nations 3345: 3344:Minority issue 3342: 3325: 3324:Property issue 3322: 3312: 3309: 3243:Kostas Simitis 3222: 3219: 3214:Main article: 3211: 3208: 3192: 3189: 3152: 3149: 3108:European Union 3103: 3100: 3094: 3091: 3089: 3086: 3022: 3019: 3017: 3014: 2974: 2971: 2897:Main article: 2894: 2891: 2836: 2833: 2814:Foreign Office 2763:Main article: 2760: 2757: 2753:Balli Kombëtar 2711: 2708: 2675: 2672: 2667:Main article: 2664: 2661: 2565: 2562: 2554: 2551: 2510: 2507: 2498:Zog of Albania 2437:Metaxas Regime 2386:Main article: 2372: 2369: 2356:Western Thrace 2335: 2332: 2324:Enrico Tellini 2294:Greek refugees 2230: 2227: 2151: 2148: 2146: 2145:Modern history 2143: 2091:Abdyl Frashëri 2060:League of Peja 1992:Main article: 1989: 1986: 1932:Köprülü family 1930:, such as the 1835:Ottoman Empire 1829:Ottoman Greece 1820: 1817: 1773:Michael Doukas 1757: 1754: 1751: 1750: 1743: 1737: 1736: 1729: 1723: 1722: 1719: 1713: 1712: 1705: 1699: 1698: 1695: 1689: 1688: 1685: 1679: 1678: 1675: 1669: 1668: 1661: 1655: 1654: 1643: 1637: 1636: 1625: 1619: 1618: 1615:internal exile 1609:Following the 1607: 1601: 1600: 1597: 1591: 1590: 1583: 1577: 1576: 1573: 1567: 1566: 1563: 1557: 1556: 1553: 1547: 1546: 1543:Greek refugees 1535: 1529: 1528: 1513: 1507: 1506: 1503: 1497: 1496: 1477: 1471: 1470: 1459: 1453: 1452: 1441: 1435: 1434: 1431:Ionian islands 1420: 1414: 1413: 1410: 1404: 1403: 1396: 1390: 1389: 1386: 1380: 1379: 1376: 1370: 1369: 1366: 1360: 1359: 1356: 1350: 1349: 1342: 1336: 1335: 1330: 1324: 1323: 1315: 1314: 1280: 1278: 1271: 1265: 1262: 1205: 1202: 1164: 1161: 1074:municipalities 1058:Main article: 1047: 1044: 1038: 1035: 959:Tourkotsamides 941:Alvanotsamides 909: 906: 867:folk etymology 850:in Albanian). 822: 819: 816: 815: 813: 812: 805: 798: 790: 787: 786: 785: 784: 779: 771: 770: 767: 766: 761: 760: 759: 754: 744: 743: 742: 737: 732: 727: 711: 710: 709: 706: 705: 703: 702: 701: 700: 695: 690: 685: 675: 674: 673: 668: 663: 647: 646: 645: 642: 641: 639: 638: 629: 624: 619: 614: 609: 604: 599: 594: 589: 584: 574: 569: 564: 559: 554: 549: 539: 528: 527: 526: 523: 522: 520: 519: 518: 517: 512: 510:United Kingdom 507: 502: 497: 492: 487: 482: 477: 472: 467: 462: 457: 452: 447: 442: 437: 432: 422: 421: 420: 415: 410: 405: 400: 395: 390: 383: 365: 364: 363: 360: 359: 351: 350: 344: 343: 332: 329: 193:Cham Albanians 188: 187: 172: 168: 167: 155: 154: 150: 149: 138: 137: 133: 132: 129: 115: 114: 113:80,000–100,000 111: 97: 96: 93: 79: 78: 75: 61: 60: 56: 55: 46: 45: 39:Cham Albanians 34: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12918: 12907: 12904: 12902: 12899: 12898: 12896: 12881: 12875: 12869: 12866: 12864: 12861: 12859: 12856: 12854: 12853:Hasan Tahsini 12851: 12849: 12846: 12844: 12841: 12839: 12836: 12834: 12831: 12829: 12826: 12824: 12821: 12819: 12816: 12814: 12811: 12809: 12806: 12804: 12801: 12799: 12796: 12794: 12791: 12789: 12786: 12784: 12781: 12779: 12776: 12774: 12771: 12769: 12766: 12764: 12761: 12759: 12756: 12754: 12751: 12749: 12746: 12744: 12741: 12740: 12738: 12734: 12728: 12725: 12723: 12720: 12718: 12715: 12713: 12710: 12708: 12705: 12703: 12700: 12698: 12695: 12693: 12690: 12688: 12685: 12683: 12680: 12678: 12675: 12673: 12670: 12668: 12665: 12663: 12660: 12658: 12655: 12653: 12650: 12648: 12645: 12643: 12640: 12638: 12635: 12633: 12630: 12628: 12625: 12623: 12620: 12618: 12615: 12613: 12610: 12606: 12603: 12601: 12598: 12595: 12594: 12593: 12590: 12588: 12585: 12584: 12582: 12578: 12570: 12569: 12565: 12564: 12562: 12558: 12555: 12553: 12550: 12549: 12547: 12543: 12540: 12538: 12535: 12533: 12532:Iso-poliphony 12530: 12529: 12527: 12525: 12522: 12521: 12519: 12515: 12509: 12506: 12504: 12501: 12499: 12496: 12494: 12491: 12489: 12486: 12484: 12481: 12479: 12476: 12474: 12471: 12469: 12466: 12465: 12463: 12461: 12460:Organizations 12457: 12451: 12448: 12446: 12443: 12441: 12438: 12434: 12431: 12429: 12426: 12425: 12424: 12421: 12417: 12414: 12412: 12409: 12408: 12407: 12404: 12403: 12401: 12399: 12395: 12389: 12386: 12384: 12381: 12379: 12376: 12374: 12371: 12369: 12365: 12362: 12360: 12357: 12356: 12354: 12352: 12348: 12344: 12337: 12332: 12330: 12325: 12323: 12318: 12317: 12314: 12308: 12305: 12303: 12300: 12298: 12295: 12293: 12290: 12289: 12272: 12270:9781780760001 12266: 12263:. IB Tauris. 12262: 12261: 12255: 12254: 12236: 12232: 12228: 12224: 12220: 12216: 12212: 12211: 12198: 12197: 12191: 12176: 12169: 12164: 12152: 12148: 12143: 12131: 12127: 12122: 12118: 12112: 12096: 12091: 12087: 12083: 12078: 12066: 12062: 12058: 12046: 12042: 12038: 12034: 12033: 12023: 12021:9789004543690 12017: 12013: 12012: 12005: 12001: 11999:9781474263474 11995: 11991: 11990: 11984: 11973: 11969: 11964: 11960: 11959: 11953: 11949: 11947:9789928205728 11943: 11939: 11934: 11930: 11928:9780415979825 11924: 11921:. CRC Press. 11920: 11919: 11913: 11909: 11907:9780275976484 11903: 11899: 11898: 11892: 11880: 11876: 11871: 11867: 11865:9783861534471 11861: 11857: 11856: 11850: 11846: 11844:9780691058429 11840: 11836: 11835: 11829: 11817: 11813: 11809: 11804: 11800: 11794: 11790: 11789: 11783: 11781: 11768: 11764: 11760: 11756: 11752: 11748: 11743: 11739: 11737:9780691001944 11733: 11729: 11728: 11722: 11718: 11716:9780472082605 11712: 11708: 11707: 11701: 11694: 11687: 11686: 11680: 11676: 11674:960-7916-11-5 11670: 11666: 11665: 11659: 11655: 11654: 11647: 11643: 11639: 11634: 11629: 11625: 11621: 11616: 11615: 11590: 11588:9780814799444 11584: 11580: 11576: 11575: 11570: 11564: 11556: 11554:9780810848726 11550: 11546: 11542: 11535: 11528: 11523: 11515: 11508: 11506: 11498: 11494: 11488: 11486: 11484: 11482: 11480: 11478: 11476: 11460: 11454: 11450: 11449: 11441: 11433: 11426: 11418: 11414: 11410: 11406: 11400: 11393: 11387: 11385: 11375: 11366: 11357: 11356: 11348: 11339: 11338: 11330: 11315: 11313:9780946247141 11309: 11305: 11304: 11296: 11288: 11286:9783205780908 11282: 11278: 11277: 11272: 11271:Gerlinde Haid 11265: 11257: 11250: 11242: 11235: 11228: 11216: 11215: 11207: 11192: 11186: 11182: 11178: 11177: 11169: 11167: 11151: 11149:9781845110314 11145: 11141: 11140: 11132: 11130: 11128: 11112: 11110:9780313251863 11106: 11102: 11101: 11096: 11095:Elsie, Robert 11090: 11088: 11079: 11075: 11068: 11066: 11057: 11055:9789994368822 11051: 11047: 11040: 11038: 11022: 11020:9780804711296 11016: 11012: 11008: 11007: 10999: 10993: 10988: 10982: 10977: 10971: 10967: 10964: 10959: 10944: 10942:9781556711596 10938: 10934: 10930: 10926: 10925: 10917: 10902: 10900:9781860649745 10896: 10892: 10891: 10883: 10875: 10873:9781134273041 10869: 10865: 10864: 10856: 10848: 10841: 10834: 10829: 10827: 10819: 10814: 10806: 10805: 10798: 10791: 10785: 10778: 10773: 10757: 10750: 10748: 10732: 10730:9780813336886 10726: 10722: 10718: 10717: 10709: 10707: 10705: 10703: 10686: 10682: 10676: 10660: 10653: 10647: 10642: 10627:on 7 May 2008 10626: 10622: 10615: 10613: 10596: 10592: 10585: 10583: 10567: 10563: 10559: 10552: 10543: 10541: 10532: 10526: 10519: 10514: 10508:, p. 53. 10507: 10502: 10500: 10492: 10486: 10479: 10474: 10472: 10470: 10463: 10458: 10442: 10438: 10431: 10429: 10417: 10413: 10406: 10399: 10383: 10379: 10373: 10365: 10359: 10355: 10354: 10346: 10331: 10327: 10321: 10314: 10308: 10301: 10300: 10295: 10291: 10288: 10282: 10275: 10269: 10259: 10252: 10248: 10243: 10236: 10230: 10223: 10219: 10213: 10204: 10202:9780571104888 10198: 10194: 10187: 10180: 10174: 10167: 10166: 10162: 10159: 10152: 10145: 10141: 10137: 10134: 10128: 10121: 10117: 10112: 10105: 10099: 10092: 10087: 10080: 10075: 10068: 10063: 10047: 10043: 10036: 10030:, p. 63. 10029: 10024: 10017: 10012: 10005: 10001: 9997: 9995: 9988: 9982:, p. 58. 9981: 9976: 9974: 9972: 9965:, p. 57. 9964: 9959: 9952: 9948: 9942: 9935: 9930: 9923: 9918: 9902: 9896: 9889: 9877: 9873: 9872: 9864: 9858: 9854: 9851: 9845: 9838: 9837:0-275-97648-3 9834: 9828: 9821: 9816: 9808: 9806:9780820466460 9802: 9798: 9797: 9789: 9782: 9778: 9772: 9770: 9762: 9758: 9754: 9753: 9746: 9744: 9742: 9734: 9730: 9726: 9725: 9721: 9715: 9708: 9696: 9694:9789602133712 9690: 9686: 9682: 9675: 9668: 9664: 9660: 9659: 9655: 9649: 9642: 9638: 9634: 9633: 9629: 9623: 9616: 9612: 9608: 9607: 9603: 9597: 9590: 9586: 9582: 9581: 9577: 9571: 9564: 9558: 9551: 9546: 9539: 9534: 9527: 9523: 9519: 9518: 9510: 9503: 9499: 9495: 9494: 9486: 9479: 9468: 9464: 9460: 9456: 9452: 9448: 9441: 9434: 9428: 9418: 9416: 9408: 9402: 9395: 9391: 9387: 9386: 9378: 9371: 9367: 9366: 9359: 9352: 9348: 9344: 9340: 9336: 9332: 9325: 9318: 9315:P. J. Ruches 9312: 9305: 9301: 9300: 9293: 9285: 9283:1-85532-864-X 9279: 9275: 9274: 9266: 9264: 9256: 9252: 9247: 9239: 9237:9781498599207 9233: 9229: 9228: 9220: 9218: 9210: 9209: 9205:P. J. Ruches 9202: 9195: 9191: 9187: 9186: 9179: 9172: 9171: 9164: 9157: 9153: 9149: 9148: 9142: 9135: 9131: 9127: 9126: 9119: 9112: 9108: 9104: 9103: 9096: 9089: 9085: 9081: 9080: 9073: 9066: 9063:P. J. Ruches 9060: 9053: 9049: 9045: 9044: 9037: 9030: 9029: 9022: 9014: 9008: 9004: 9003: 8995: 8993: 8991: 8983: 8979: 8974: 8967: 8962: 8955: 8950: 8946: 8942: 8938: 8931: 8929: 8927: 8919: 8914: 8912: 8905:, p. 127 8904: 8899: 8897: 8889: 8884: 8876: 8872: 8867: 8860: 8855: 8848: 8842: 8834: 8833: 8825: 8818: 8814: 8812:9789602133712 8808: 8804: 8803: 8795: 8789: 8783: 8776: 8772: 8768: 8763: 8758: 8750: 8746: 8739: 8731: 8727: 8723: 8716: 8714: 8694: 8687: 8686: 8678: 8676: 8668: 8662: 8660: 8651: 8647: 8643: 8639: 8635: 8631: 8624: 8622: 8620: 8611: 8604: 8596: 8590: 8586: 8585: 8577: 8571:. 2009. p. 5. 8570: 8564: 8557: 8551: 8544: 8539: 8532: 8527: 8520: 8515: 8508: 8503: 8496: 8491: 8484: 8479: 8473:. 2009. p. 4. 8472: 8466: 8464: 8456: 8451: 8444: 8439: 8420: 8416: 8412: 8408: 8404: 8400: 8396: 8392: 8385: 8378: 8376: 8360: 8358:9781850656746 8354: 8350: 8349: 8341: 8339: 8337: 8321: 8319:9781903900789 8315: 8311: 8307: 8306: 8298: 8296: 8294: 8285: 8281: 8274: 8266: 8262: 8258: 8257:Balcanologica 8254: 8247: 8236: 8229: 8222: 8220: 8218: 8216: 8207: 8205:9789287150820 8201: 8197: 8193: 8189: 8188: 8180: 8173: 8167: 8160: 8154: 8147: 8141: 8134: 8128: 8121: 8116: 8109: 8104: 8102: 8100: 8098: 8090: 8086: 8080: 8072: 8070:9780521868884 8066: 8062: 8061: 8053: 8046: 8045:Dorlhiac 2023 8041: 8033: 8031:9780521004794 8027: 8023: 8019: 8012: 8010: 8008: 8006: 7990: 7988:9789042914452 7984: 7980: 7976: 7972: 7971: 7963: 7948: 7946:9780691058429 7942: 7938: 7934: 7930: 7926: 7925:Mazower, Mark 7920: 7918: 7916: 7914: 7912: 7910: 7908: 7906: 7904: 7902: 7900: 7898: 7882: 7880:9780275976484 7876: 7872: 7868: 7864: 7860: 7859: 7851: 7836: 7834:9789041100269 7830: 7826: 7822: 7818: 7817: 7809: 7790: 7786: 7779: 7771: 7767: 7763: 7759: 7752: 7745: 7744: 7737: 7730: 7724: 7709: 7707:9780521004794 7703: 7699: 7695: 7691: 7686: 7685: 7679: 7673: 7666: 7662: 7658: 7653: 7646: 7645:Dorlhiac 2023 7641: 7639: 7637: 7629: 7623: 7616: 7611: 7604: 7603: 7596: 7589: 7583: 7576: 7570: 7562: 7560:9789992766163 7556: 7552: 7548: 7542: 7540: 7538: 7536: 7534: 7526: 7521: 7514: 7509: 7502: 7497: 7490: 7485: 7478: 7473: 7466: 7461: 7454: 7449: 7442: 7437: 7429: 7428: 7421: 7414: 7410: 7404: 7397: 7391: 7384: 7383: 7376: 7369: 7363: 7353: 7345: 7344: 7336: 7328: 7326:1-84511-287-3 7322: 7318: 7317: 7309: 7301: 7299:9780691650029 7295: 7291: 7287: 7286: 7278: 7270: 7268:0-521-27458-3 7264: 7260: 7256: 7255: 7247: 7238: 7230: 7228:9780837105673 7224: 7220: 7219: 7211: 7201: 7191: 7183: 7177: 7162: 7152: 7137: 7135:9789004119031 7131: 7127: 7126: 7118: 7111: 7105: 7103: 7094: 7092:9780060905675 7088: 7083: 7082: 7076: 7069: 7061: 7057: 7053: 7046: 7044: 7042: 7040: 7038: 7030: 7026: 7022: 7021: 7014: 7007: 7003: 6998: 6990: 6985: 6981: 6977: 6971: 6964: 6949: 6942: 6941: 6933: 6931: 6923: 6917: 6910: 6905: 6896: 6894: 6892: 6890: 6881: 6875: 6864: 6857: 6856: 6848: 6846: 6838: 6833: 6831: 6829: 6827: 6825: 6823: 6821: 6819: 6817: 6815: 6813: 6811: 6809: 6807: 6805: 6803: 6801: 6799: 6797: 6795: 6793: 6791: 6789: 6787: 6780:, p. 94. 6779: 6774: 6766: 6764:9780691001944 6760: 6756: 6755: 6747: 6728: 6719: 6717: 6715: 6713: 6705: 6704:99927-1-622-3 6701: 6695: 6693: 6691: 6689: 6687: 6685: 6683: 6681: 6679: 6677: 6675: 6673: 6671: 6664:, p. 48. 6663: 6658: 6651: 6646: 6639: 6628: 6626:9789602133712 6622: 6618: 6614: 6607: 6600: 6596: 6594:9789602133712 6590: 6586: 6582: 6575: 6568: 6565: 6559: 6557:9780472082605 6553: 6549: 6548: 6540: 6538: 6529: 6527:9780195046526 6523: 6519: 6518: 6510: 6502: 6500:9788884924667 6496: 6492: 6488: 6484: 6477: 6469: 6463: 6459: 6455: 6448: 6441: 6437: 6433: 6427: 6425: 6416: 6414:9780472081493 6410: 6406: 6405: 6397: 6390: 6385: 6383: 6374: 6370: 6363: 6361: 6359: 6357: 6355: 6335: 6328: 6321: 6310: 6308: 6306: 6298: 6293: 6291: 6289: 6287: 6285: 6283: 6281: 6272: 6267: 6263: 6259: 6254: 6239: 6237:9780415979825 6233: 6229: 6225: 6224: 6216: 6214: 6212: 6210: 6193: 6187: 6179: 6177:9781402167713 6173: 6169: 6168: 6163: 6157: 6155: 6138: 6134: 6128: 6120: 6118:9780405140587 6114: 6110: 6106: 6100: 6098: 6090: 6089: 6082: 6080: 6071: 6069:9781850652793 6065: 6061: 6060: 6052: 6050: 6042: 6038: 6035:. IB Tauris. 6034: 6028: 6013: 6006: 5999: 5995: 5989: 5981: 5974: 5972: 5964: 5959: 5952: 5947: 5943: 5939: 5935: 5931: 5926: 5924: 5916: 5912: 5906: 5899: 5895: 5889: 5882: 5876: 5869: 5865: 5861: 5855: 5848: 5842: 5835: 5829: 5809: 5805: 5804: 5796: 5794: 5792: 5790: 5788: 5786: 5784: 5782: 5780: 5778: 5776: 5774: 5772: 5770: 5768: 5766: 5764: 5762: 5760: 5758: 5756: 5754: 5752: 5743: 5741:9789608619012 5737: 5733: 5726: 5718: 5712: 5708: 5707: 5699: 5697: 5695: 5693: 5691: 5689: 5687: 5685: 5683: 5681: 5679: 5677: 5675: 5673: 5664: 5660: 5656: 5652: 5648: 5644: 5640: 5636: 5629: 5627: 5611: 5609:9780715632017 5605: 5601: 5600: 5592: 5590: 5573: 5569: 5565: 5559: 5557: 5555: 5553: 5551: 5542: 5538: 5531: 5529: 5527: 5525: 5523: 5515: 5509: 5498: 5497: 5489: 5482: 5477: 5469: 5462: 5460: 5452: 5439: 5435: 5431: 5427: 5423: 5419: 5412: 5410: 5408: 5406: 5396: 5390: 5386: 5385: 5377: 5371:, p. 25. 5370: 5369:9780691058412 5366: 5362: 5356: 5349: 5348:9781903900789 5345: 5341: 5340: 5333: 5326: 5322: 5316: 5312: 5311: 5303: 5296: 5281: 5280: 5272: 5264: 5257: 5255: 5253: 5251: 5249: 5247: 5245: 5243: 5235: 5230: 5228: 5220: 5216: 5212: 5208: 5205: 5204: 5197: 5189: 5187:9780815727590 5183: 5179: 5178: 5170: 5151: 5150: 5142: 5140: 5138: 5136: 5134: 5132: 5130: 5128: 5126: 5124: 5122: 5120: 5118: 5116: 5114: 5112: 5110: 5108: 5106: 5104: 5102: 5100: 5098: 5096: 5094: 5092: 5090: 5088: 5086: 5084: 5082: 5080: 5078: 5069: 5067:9780275976484 5063: 5059: 5055: 5051: 5047: 5046: 5038: 5036: 5034: 5032: 5030: 5028: 5026: 5024: 5022: 5020: 5018: 5013: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4984: 4975: 4971: 4967: 4966:landscape art 4963: 4959: 4955: 4951: 4947: 4946:Kolë Idromeno 4944: 4941: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4906: 4903: 4902:Albanian navy 4899: 4895: 4892: 4889: 4885: 4882: 4879: 4875: 4872: 4869: 4865: 4862: 4859: 4855: 4854:Albanian army 4851: 4848: 4845: 4841: 4837: 4833: 4829: 4825: 4822: 4819: 4815: 4812: 4809: 4805: 4802: 4800: 4796: 4793: 4790: 4787: 4784: 4781: 4778: 4774: 4771: 4768: 4767:Hasan Tahsini 4765: 4762: 4758: 4754: 4751: 4748: 4744: 4741: 4738: 4734: 4730: 4726: 4722: 4719: 4716: 4712: 4708: 4704: 4701: 4698: 4694: 4690: 4687: 4684: 4680: 4677: 4674: 4671: 4668: 4664: 4660: 4657: 4656: 4650: 4648: 4644: 4641: 4637: 4633: 4626: 4622: 4618: 4616: 4612: 4608: 4607:Mediterranean 4604: 4603:Greek cuisine 4600: 4594: 4584: 4580: 4578: 4574: 4569: 4567: 4563: 4553: 4549: 4543:Women's dress 4541: 4537: 4533: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4519: 4504: 4502: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4475: 4439: 4436: 4400: 4399: 4395: 4392: 4391: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4377: 4371: 4366: 4364: 4358: 4348: 4346: 4342: 4338: 4337:Lab Albanians 4334: 4328: 4324: 4322: 4319: 4315: 4311: 4307: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4282: 4281: 4276: 4265: 4263: 4260: 4256: 4252: 4246: 4244: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4227: 4222: 4217: 4215: 4211: 4210: 4205: 4196: 4191: 4187: 4183: 4179: 4173: 4158: 4149: 4146: 4143: 4140: 4139: 4135: 4132: 4129: 4126: 4125: 4121: 4118: 4115: 4112: 4111: 4107: 4104: 4101: 4098: 4097: 4094: 4084: 4080: 4068: 4064: 4059: 4057: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4041: 4035: 4026: 4017: 4014: 4008: 3993: 3991: 3988: 3987: 3983: 3981: 3978: 3977: 3973: 3971: 3970:Fier District 3968: 3967: 3963: 3961: 3958: 3957: 3953: 3951: 3948: 3947: 3943: 3941: 3938: 3937: 3933: 3931: 3928: 3927: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3917: 3913: 3911: 3907: 3904: 3903: 3899: 3897: 3894: 3893: 3889: 3886: 3885: 3880: 3877: 3874: 3872: 3868: 3863: 3860: 3844: 3841: 3838: 3835: 3832: 3831: 3828:Greek census 3827: 3824: 3821: 3818: 3815: 3814: 3810: 3807: 3804: 3801: 3798: 3797: 3793: 3790: 3787: 3785:21,000–22,000 3784: 3781: 3780: 3776: 3773: 3770: 3767: 3764: 3763: 3760:Greek census 3759: 3756: 3753: 3750: 3747: 3746: 3742: 3739: 3736: 3733: 3730: 3729: 3726:Greek census 3725: 3722: 3719: 3716: 3713: 3712: 3709:Greek census 3708: 3705: 3702: 3699: 3696: 3695: 3691: 3686: 3681: 3676: 3673: 3672: 3666: 3662: 3660: 3656: 3655: 3650: 3646: 3642: 3638: 3628: 3619: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3595: 3585: 3583: 3582: 3576: 3573: 3569: 3559: 3557: 3553: 3548: 3546: 3540: 3530: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3506: 3496: 3492: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3476: 3466: 3464: 3460: 3455: 3453: 3449: 3443: 3433: 3431: 3427: 3423: 3419: 3413: 3403: 3401: 3397: 3390:Organizations 3387: 3385: 3381: 3375: 3365: 3363: 3357: 3355: 3351: 3341: 3338: 3331: 3321: 3317: 3308: 3306: 3305:Johannes Hahn 3303: 3298: 3296: 3290: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3259: 3256: 3250: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3237: 3231: 3228: 3217: 3207: 3205: 3198: 3188: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3166: 3160: 3158: 3148: 3146: 3143:residents of 3141: 3137: 3133: 3128: 3123: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3099: 3085: 3081: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3070:Alfred Moisiu 3067: 3063: 3058: 3054: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3031: 3027: 3013: 3011: 3007: 3002: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2991:war criminals 2988: 2979: 2970: 2966: 2964: 2958: 2955: 2954: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2924: 2921: 2916: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2900: 2890: 2888: 2883: 2878: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2863: 2858: 2853: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2832: 2830: 2824: 2822: 2821: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2786: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2766: 2756: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2732: 2730: 2726: 2721: 2717: 2707: 2704: 2700: 2699: 2693: 2692:Great Albania 2689: 2685: 2681: 2670: 2660: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2637: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2626: 2621: 2617: 2612: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2593: 2590: 2585: 2583: 2579: 2576:had become a 2575: 2571: 2560: 2550: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2534: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2506: 2502: 2499: 2495: 2490: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2475: 2474:Hellenization 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2453:Saint Kyriake 2450: 2446: 2440: 2438: 2432: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2416: 2413: 2410:In 1929, the 2408: 2406: 2402: 2397: 2395: 2389: 2384: 2382: 2378: 2368: 2365: 2359: 2357: 2352: 2344: 2340: 2331: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2295: 2289: 2286: 2282: 2281: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2264: 2259: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2240: 2235: 2226: 2224: 2220: 2219: 2212: 2210: 2207:, but not to 2206: 2200: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2177:southern part 2174: 2170: 2169:northern part 2166: 2161: 2158: 2142: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2126:Aristidh Ruci 2123: 2119: 2113: 2109: 2106: 2101: 2099: 2094: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2076: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2048: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2029: 2027: 2022: 2021:New Testament 2018: 2014: 2010: 2007:(Muslims) or 2006: 2001: 2000:millet system 1995: 1985: 1982: 1976: 1974: 1970: 1965: 1961: 1956: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1880: 1878: 1874: 1873:Ioannina Lake 1870: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1836: 1830: 1826: 1816: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1776: 1774: 1769: 1763: 1748: 1744: 1742: 1739: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1728: 1725: 1724: 1720: 1718: 1715: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1704: 1701: 1700: 1696: 1694: 1691: 1690: 1686: 1684: 1681: 1680: 1676: 1674: 1671: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1660: 1657: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1642: 1639: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1624: 1621: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1606: 1603: 1602: 1598: 1596: 1593: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1582: 1579: 1578: 1574: 1572: 1569: 1568: 1564: 1562: 1559: 1558: 1554: 1552: 1549: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1534: 1531: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1512: 1509: 1508: 1504: 1502: 1499: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1476: 1473: 1472: 1468: 1467:New Testament 1464: 1460: 1458: 1455: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1440: 1437: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1421: 1419: 1416: 1415: 1411: 1409: 1406: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1395: 1392: 1391: 1387: 1385: 1382: 1381: 1377: 1375: 1372: 1371: 1367: 1365: 1362: 1361: 1357: 1355: 1352: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1341: 1338: 1337: 1334: 1331: 1329: 1326: 1325: 1320: 1311: 1302:is available. 1301: 1297: 1291: 1290: 1286: 1281:This section 1279: 1270: 1269: 1261: 1259: 1258:New York City 1255: 1252:, as well as 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1228:, especially 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1201: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1169: 1160: 1158: 1152: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1105: 1103: 1097: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1061: 1052: 1043: 1034: 1032: 1027: 1025: 1021: 1016: 1014: 1010: 1009: 1004: 1003:Elinotsamides 1000: 996: 992: 987: 985: 981: 980: 979: 973: 968: 964: 960: 956: 952: 948: 947: 946:Turkalbanians 942: 938: 933: 931: 927: 923: 919: 915: 905: 903: 899: 895: 891: 890:Epirus region 886: 884: 880: 876: 872: 868: 864: 862: 857: 853: 849: 845: 844: 840: 836: 832: 828: 811: 806: 804: 799: 797: 792: 791: 789: 788: 783: 780: 778: 775: 774: 773: 772: 765: 762: 758: 755: 753: 750: 749: 748: 745: 741: 738: 736: 733: 731: 728: 726: 723: 722: 721: 718: 717: 714: 708: 707: 699: 696: 694: 691: 689: 686: 684: 681: 680: 679: 676: 672: 669: 667: 664: 662: 659: 658: 657: 654: 653: 650: 644: 643: 637: 635: 630: 628: 625: 623: 620: 618: 615: 613: 610: 608: 605: 603: 600: 598: 595: 593: 590: 588: 585: 582: 578: 575: 573: 570: 568: 565: 563: 562:Customary law 560: 558: 555: 553: 550: 547: 543: 540: 538: 535: 534: 531: 525: 524: 516: 515:United States 513: 511: 508: 506: 503: 501: 498: 496: 493: 491: 488: 486: 483: 481: 480:South America 478: 476: 473: 471: 468: 466: 463: 461: 458: 456: 453: 451: 448: 446: 443: 441: 438: 436: 433: 431: 428: 427: 426: 423: 419: 416: 414: 411: 409: 406: 404: 401: 399: 396: 394: 391: 389: 388: 384: 382: 381: 377: 376: 375: 372: 371: 368: 362: 361: 357: 353: 352: 349: 346: 345: 341: 337: 336: 328: 325: 321: 317: 313: 309: 305: 301: 297: 293: 289: 285: 281: 277: 273: 268: 266: 262: 258: 254: 250: 246: 242: 238: 234: 230: 226: 222: 218: 210: 206: 202: 198: 194: 184: 180: 176: 169: 165: 160: 156: 151: 147: 143: 139: 134: 131:50,000–70,000 130: 128: 127:United States 116: 112: 110: 98: 94: 92: 80: 76: 74: 62: 57: 47: 42: 33: 29: 22: 12879: 12863:Jakup Veseli 12566: 12342: 12274:. Retrieved 12259: 12239:. Retrieved 12230: 12195: 12182:. Retrieved 12175:the original 12155:. Retrieved 12151:the original 12134:. Retrieved 12130:the original 12099:. Retrieved 12069:. Retrieved 12064: 12049:. Retrieved 12045:the original 12040: 12010: 11988: 11975:. Retrieved 11971: 11957: 11937: 11917: 11896: 11883:. Retrieved 11878: 11854: 11833: 11820:. Retrieved 11815: 11811: 11787: 11771:. Retrieved 11767:the original 11750: 11726: 11705: 11693:the original 11684: 11663: 11651: 11623: 11607:Bibliography 11592:. Retrieved 11573: 11563: 11540: 11534: 11522: 11513: 11462:. Retrieved 11447: 11440: 11431: 11425: 11419:: E. Möller. 11408: 11399: 11391: 11374: 11365: 11354: 11347: 11336: 11329: 11317:. Retrieved 11302: 11295: 11275: 11264: 11255: 11249: 11240: 11234: 11226: 11219:. Retrieved 11213: 11206: 11194:. Retrieved 11180: 11175: 11153:. Retrieved 11138: 11114:. Retrieved 11099: 11073: 11045: 11024:. Retrieved 11005: 10998: 10987: 10976: 10958: 10946:. Retrieved 10923: 10916: 10904:. Retrieved 10889: 10882: 10862: 10855: 10846: 10840: 10813: 10803: 10797: 10784: 10779:, p. 2. 10777:Vickers 2007 10772: 10760:. Retrieved 10734:. Retrieved 10715: 10689:. Retrieved 10685:the original 10675: 10663:. Retrieved 10652: 10641: 10629:. Retrieved 10625:the original 10599:. Retrieved 10595:the original 10570:, retrieved 10566:the original 10561: 10551: 10525: 10513: 10490: 10485: 10457: 10445:. Retrieved 10441:the original 10416:the original 10411: 10398: 10386:. Retrieved 10381: 10372: 10352: 10345: 10333:. Retrieved 10329: 10320: 10312: 10307: 10297: 10281: 10273: 10268: 10258: 10250: 10242: 10234: 10229: 10221: 10212: 10192: 10186: 10178: 10173: 10156: 10151: 10143: 10127: 10119: 10111: 10103: 10098: 10086: 10081:, p. 8. 10074: 10062: 10050:. Retrieved 10046:the original 10035: 10023: 10011: 9993: 9987: 9958: 9950: 9946: 9941: 9929: 9917: 9905:. Retrieved 9895: 9887: 9880:. Retrieved 9876:the original 9870: 9863: 9844: 9827: 9815: 9795: 9788: 9780: 9776: 9751: 9723: 9719: 9714: 9705: 9698:. Retrieved 9684: 9674: 9657: 9653: 9648: 9643:, p. 469-471 9631: 9627: 9622: 9605: 9601: 9596: 9579: 9575: 9570: 9562: 9557: 9545: 9533: 9514: 9509: 9490: 9485: 9477: 9470:. Retrieved 9450: 9440: 9432: 9427: 9406: 9401: 9382: 9377: 9369: 9364: 9358: 9350: 9338: 9334: 9324: 9311: 9303: 9298: 9292: 9272: 9255:Paragraph 56 9246: 9226: 9207: 9201: 9184: 9178: 9169: 9167:Curt Riess. 9163: 9146: 9141: 9124: 9118: 9101: 9095: 9078: 9072: 9059: 9042: 9036: 9027: 9021: 9001: 8981: 8973: 8961: 8952: 8940: 8936: 8918:Vickers 2002 8883: 8874: 8866: 8854: 8846: 8841: 8831: 8824: 8816: 8801: 8794: 8782: 8774: 8770: 8765: 8757: 8748: 8738: 8729: 8725: 8700:. Retrieved 8693:the original 8684: 8666: 8633: 8629: 8609: 8603: 8583: 8576: 8568: 8563: 8555: 8550: 8538: 8526: 8514: 8502: 8490: 8478: 8470: 8450: 8438: 8426:. Retrieved 8419:the original 8394: 8390: 8362:. Retrieved 8347: 8323:. Retrieved 8304: 8279: 8273: 8260: 8256: 8246: 8235:the original 8186: 8179: 8171: 8166: 8158: 8153: 8145: 8144:Tsitselikis. 8140: 8132: 8127: 8115: 8088: 8079: 8059: 8052: 8047:, p. 63 8040: 8022:Thessaloniki 8020:(in Greek). 8017: 7992:. Retrieved 7969: 7962: 7950:. Retrieved 7932: 7884:. Retrieved 7857: 7850: 7838:. Retrieved 7815: 7808: 7796:. Retrieved 7789:the original 7778: 7761: 7757: 7751: 7742: 7736: 7728: 7723: 7711:. Retrieved 7683: 7672: 7664: 7660: 7652: 7647:, p. 62 7627: 7622: 7610: 7600: 7595: 7587: 7582: 7574: 7569: 7550: 7547:Vlora, Ekrem 7520: 7508: 7496: 7484: 7472: 7460: 7448: 7436: 7426: 7420: 7412: 7408: 7403: 7395: 7390: 7380: 7375: 7370:. pp. 33–34. 7367: 7362: 7352: 7342: 7335: 7315: 7308: 7284: 7277: 7253: 7246: 7237: 7217: 7210: 7200: 7190: 7161: 7151: 7139:. Retrieved 7124: 7117: 7109: 7080: 7068: 7059: 7055: 7028: 7024: 7018: 7013: 7005: 6997: 6988: 6983: 6979: 6975: 6970: 6962: 6955:, retrieved 6948:the original 6939: 6921: 6916: 6904: 6863:the original 6854: 6839:, p. 21 6837:Vickers 2002 6778:Malcolm 2020 6773: 6753: 6746: 6734:. Retrieved 6657: 6645: 6637: 6630:. Retrieved 6616: 6606: 6598: 6584: 6574: 6561: 6546: 6516: 6509: 6490: 6486: 6476: 6457: 6447: 6439: 6435: 6403: 6396: 6372: 6368: 6341:. Retrieved 6334:the original 6320: 6299:, p. 49 6270: 6265: 6261: 6253: 6241:. Retrieved 6222: 6196:. Retrieved 6186: 6166: 6141:. Retrieved 6137:the original 6127: 6108: 6105:Hammond, NGL 6087: 6058: 6032: 6027: 6015:. Retrieved 6005: 5997: 5993: 5988: 5979: 5958: 5950: 5945: 5941: 5937: 5933: 5914: 5910: 5905: 5897: 5893: 5888: 5880: 5875: 5868:Palingenesía 5867: 5863: 5859: 5854: 5846: 5841: 5833: 5828: 5816:. Retrieved 5807: 5802: 5731: 5725: 5705: 5638: 5634: 5613:. Retrieved 5598: 5576:. Retrieved 5540: 5536: 5513: 5508: 5495: 5488: 5481:Vickers 2007 5476: 5467: 5449: 5442:. Retrieved 5438:the original 5425: 5421: 5383: 5376: 5360: 5355: 5337: 5332: 5324: 5309: 5302: 5294: 5287:. Retrieved 5278: 5271: 5262: 5202: 5196: 5176: 5169: 5157:. Retrieved 5148: 5044: 4898:rear-admiral 4830:, he was an 4773:Jakup Veseli 4629: 4596: 4581: 4570: 4565: 4559: 4556:Architecture 4550: 4546: 4534: 4515: 4500: 4488: 4486: 4441: 4402: 4375: 4373: 4360: 4332: 4329: 4325: 4303: 4289: 4285: 4278: 4274: 4271: 4262:albanologist 4247: 4242: 4238: 4234: 4224: 4218: 4207: 4201: 4155: 4082: 4078: 4062: 4060: 4055: 4043: 4040:Cham dialect 4039: 4037: 4010: 3875: 3864: 3858: 3855: 3663: 3652: 3644: 3634: 3625: 3622:Demographics 3611: 3603: 3597: 3579: 3577: 3571: 3567: 3565: 3549: 3544: 3542: 3508: 3493: 3484: 3478: 3456: 3447: 3445: 3421: 3417: 3415: 3393: 3377: 3362:Sali Berisha 3358: 3347: 3333: 3318: 3314: 3299: 3291: 3286: 3279:East Prussia 3260: 3251: 3232: 3224: 3200: 3168: 3164: 3161: 3154: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3124: 3105: 3096: 3082: 3059: 3055: 3051:Marshimi çam 3050: 3041:and built a 3038: 3036: 3024: 3003: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2984: 2967: 2959: 2951: 2925: 2917: 2915:to Greeks). 2902: 2882:Mark Mazower 2879: 2871:paramilitary 2854: 2838: 2825: 2817: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2787: 2768: 2740: 2733: 2725:firing squad 2715: 2713: 2702: 2696: 2680:World War II 2677: 2638: 2623: 2613: 2597:World War II 2594: 2586: 2578:protectorate 2567: 2535: 2512: 2503: 2491: 2482: 2478: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2449:Agia Kyriaki 2448: 2444: 2441: 2433: 2417: 2409: 2404: 2398: 2391: 2374: 2363: 2360: 2347: 2320:Anthony Eden 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2290: 2278: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2260: 2244: 2216: 2213: 2201: 2162: 2153: 2122:Kristo Meksi 2118:Jakup Veseli 2114: 2110: 2102: 2098:Ismail Kemal 2095: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2049: 2032: 2030: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2004: 1997: 1977: 1972: 1959: 1957: 1919:Islamization 1916: 1911: 1881: 1832: 1777: 1765: 1740: 1732: 1726: 1716: 1708: 1702: 1692: 1682: 1672: 1658: 1640: 1622: 1604: 1594: 1580: 1570: 1560: 1550: 1532: 1510: 1500: 1474: 1456: 1438: 1417: 1407: 1393: 1384:16th century 1383: 1373: 1363: 1353: 1339: 1332: 1327: 1305: 1300:Editing help 1282: 1207: 1175: 1153: 1106: 1098: 1063: 1040: 1037:Distribution 1030: 1028: 1023: 1017: 1006: 1002: 999:Graeco-Chams 998: 994: 990: 988: 983: 976: 975: 971: 966: 962: 958: 954: 951:Tourkalvanoi 950: 944: 940: 936: 934: 929: 926:Albanophones 925: 921: 917: 913: 911: 887: 874: 870: 859: 855: 847: 841: 834: 830: 826: 824: 720:Christianity 633: 597:Gjamë/Vajtim 537:Architecture 424: 385: 378: 373: 304:collaborated 298:. After the 272:dictatorship 269: 216: 196: 192: 191: 35:Ethnic group 32: 12818:Shahin Dino 12798:Abedin Dino 12788:Rexhep Demi 12768:Refo Çapari 12736:Individuals 12697:Pandalejmon 12662:Mousiotitsa 12657:Parapotamos 12652:Thesprotiko 12622:Igoumenitsa 12580:Settlements 12241:31 December 11879:Qualestoria 11527:Kretsi 2002 11499:, p.245-247 10518:Kouzas 2013 10478:Kouzas 2013 10233:Tsitsipis. 10116:Kretsi 2002 10067:Kouzas 2013 10028:Kretsi 2007 10016:Kretsi 2002 9980:Kretsi 2007 9963:Kretsi 2007 9945:Koukoudis. 9934:Kretsi 2002 9820:Kretsi 2002 9550:Kretsi 2002 9538:Kretsi 2002 9343:Los Angeles 8920:, p. 5 8875:prima facie 8409:: 321–346. 8399:Little Rock 7867:Connecticut 7766:Los Angeles 6389:Kretsi 2002 5578:13 November 5444:9 September 5054:Connecticut 4888:Igoumenitsa 4814:Rexhep Demi 4703:Shahin Dino 4659:Abedin Dino 4105:Arvanitika 4089:instead of 3283:Sudetenland 3204:(see below) 3060:In 2005, a 2953:in absentia 2887:Soviet Army 2812:". British 2737:Hubert Lanz 2688:Nazi German 2686:as well as 2649:German army 2425:coup d'état 2218:sui generis 2165:Balkan Wars 2130:Rexhep Demi 2037:Abedin Dino 1537:During the 1517:Balkan Wars 1489:Abedin Dino 1149:Thesprotiko 1121:Parapotamos 1117:Igoumenitsa 967:Turkalvanoi 937:Albanochams 725:Catholicism 577:Epic poetry 495:Switzerland 288:irredentist 274:of General 12895:Categories 12858:Osman Taka 12843:Teme Sejko 12823:Veli Gërra 12813:Rasih Dino 12803:Ahmed Dino 12793:Tahir Demi 12783:Niazi Demi 12763:Thoma Çami 12758:Qamil Çami 12753:Hamdi Çami 12727:Karvounari 12702:Mavronoros 12647:Derviziana 12627:Katavothra 12612:Paramythia 12563:Magazines 11458:0814722148 11413:Copenhagen 11190:9992700327 9947:The Vlachs 9882:1 November 9347:California 8192:Strasbourg 7770:California 6297:Fabbe 2007 5008:References 4940:Paramythia 4894:Teme Sejko 4884:Veli Gërra 4878:Paramythia 4874:Thoma Çami 4864:Qamil Çami 4860:commander. 4824:Tahir Demi 4804:Niazi Demi 4789:Osman Taka 4747:Paramythia 4689:Rasih Dino 4673:Ahmed Dino 4577:localities 4518:fustanella 4343:type. The 4314:polyphonic 4295:Traditions 4176:See also: 4166:Literature 4113:Kljumësht 4063:Arvanitika 4056:Arvanitika 4005:See also: 3867:Ethnologue 3689:population 3328:See also: 3295:Doris Pack 3216:Cham issue 3210:Cham issue 3195:See also: 3132:Arvanitika 3010:Teme Sejko 2920:memorandum 2862:Thesprotia 2804:involving 2794:Paramithia 2630:Paramythia 2557:See also: 2538:Thesprotia 2527:Aromanians 2487:Saint Mary 2485:, meaning 2465:Paramythia 2405:allogeneis 2175:, and the 2134:Veli Gërra 2045:Thoma Çami 2041:Osman Taka 1840:Thesprotia 1823:See also: 1760:See also: 1328:Chronology 1109:Paramythia 1090:Thesprotia 1020:Aromanians 955:Turkochams 879:Thesprotia 757:Bektashism 688:Arvanitika 666:Upper Reka 627:Traditions 602:Literature 592:Gjakmarrje 408:Montenegro 265:Arvanitika 166:(minority) 161:(majority) 12880:Arvanites 12778:Musa Demi 12748:Aziz Çami 12717:Margariti 12687:Kanallaki 12364:Souliotes 12014:. Brill. 11940:. Toena. 11881:: 119–138 11642:142733144 10251:Greekness 10006:, p. 188. 7821:Jerusalem 7690:Cambridge 7431:mourned". 7176:cite book 6874:cite book 6343:3 October 6266:Arvanitēs 5998:Tsamuréńi 5946:Arvanitis 5938:Arvanitēs 5934:Arvanitis 4850:Aziz Çami 4795:Musa Demi 4777:Margariti 4625:Qumështor 4507:Lifestyle 4393:Albanian 4136:Language 4119:Kljumsht 4044:Çamërisht 4013:atheistic 3637:Ali Pasha 3521:, a Cham 3481:The Hague 3368:Incidents 3272:Pomerania 3239:Ilir Meta 3151:In Turkey 3127:Arvanites 3088:In Greece 2963:Aromanian 2905:communist 2653:Bulgarian 2483:Shemërizë 2469:Margariti 2461:Margëlliç 2445:Shëndiela 2330:at 1923. 2255:exchanged 2237:Chams in 1904:Ali Pasha 1877:Tzoumerka 1813:Arvanites 1801:Venetians 1789:Byzantine 1659:1944–1945 1641:1941–1944 1511:1912–1913 1463:Grigorios 1439:1821–1829 1423:Ali Pasha 1418:1792–1803 1400:Souliotes 1308:July 2015 1137:Margariti 1024:Tsamuréńi 995:Arvanites 984:Arvanitis 978:Arvanites 974:(plural: 972:Arvanitis 825:The name 740:Orthodoxy 634:farefisní 440:Australia 348:Albanians 221:Albanians 217:Tsámidhes 136:Languages 12808:Ali Dino 12773:Ali Demi 12682:Anthousa 12617:Filiates 12596:Konispol 12592:Konispol 12587:Chameria 12428:Këshilla 12388:Këshilla 12231:BBC News 12184:4 August 12157:18 March 12136:18 March 12111:cite web 12071:18 March 12051:18 March 11773:31 March 11763:41714232 11594:31 March 11571:(2006). 11514:Shekulli 11464:31 March 11407:(1898). 11319:31 March 11273:(2008). 11221:31 March 11196:31 March 11155:31 March 11116:31 March 11097:(1986). 11026:31 March 10966:Archived 10948:31 March 10906:31 March 10762:31 March 10736:31 March 10691:31 March 10665:31 March 10631:16 April 10601:31 March 10572:31 March 10447:31 March 10382:Milliyet 10335:18 April 10290:Archived 10161:Archived 10136:Archived 10052:31 March 9907:31 March 9853:Archived 9839:. p. 158 9763:, p. 620 9735:, p. 539 9669:, p. 498 9617:, p. 469 9504:, p. 702 9396:, p. 152 8949:30027674 8702:17 March 8428:31 March 8403:Arkansas 8364:31 March 8325:31 March 7994:31 March 7975:Brussels 7952:15 March 7927:(2000). 7886:31 March 7863:Westport 7840:31 March 7798:16 March 7713:31 March 7680:(2002). 7551:Kujtime 7549:(2001). 7343:Belleten 7156:strife." 7141:18 March 7077:(1977). 6989:dervişme 6957:23 April 6736:18 March 6632:11 March 6487:Speculum 6243:31 March 6228:Istanbul 6198:16 March 6164:(1967). 6143:16 March 6107:(1981). 6017:16 March 6012:"Arnaut" 5936:(plural 5818:24 March 5615:15 March 5572:Archived 5570:. 2006. 5350:, p. 67. 5289:3 August 5221:, p. 67. 5207:Archived 5159:3 August 5050:Westport 4981:See also 4950:Albanian 4932:Chameria 4912:New York 4832:Albanian 4828:Filiates 4818:Filiates 4757:Konispol 4725:Filiates 4721:Ali Demi 4679:Ali Dino 4609:and the 4599:Albanian 4483:Folklore 4396:English 4316:and the 4259:Canadian 4235:Erveheja 4226:bejtexhi 4116:Qumësht 4108:English 4067:Arbëresh 4065:and the 4020:Language 4001:Religion 3682:Orthodox 3352:and the 3227:expelled 3173:Albanian 3120:Ammoudia 3043:memorial 2875:villages 2820:andartes 2790:peasants 2749:Konispol 2745:Konispol 2741:Horridoh 2716:Augustus 2698:Këshilla 2634:Filiates 2542:Ioannina 2494:Albanian 2479:Semeriza 2457:Ajdonati 2394:Ali Dino 2364:at least 2239:Filiates 2193:Ali Dino 2017:infidels 2005:Myslyman 1936:Bektashi 1912:de facto 1896:Ioannina 1864:Ioannina 1852:Albanian 1781:Thessaly 1635:Greece. 1633:conquers 1493:Chameria 1427:pashalik 1222:Istanbul 1204:Diaspora 1113:Filiates 1078:Konispol 1060:Chameria 1046:Chameria 1013:shqiptar 918:Tsamides 839:hydronym 831:Chameria 713:Religion 683:Arbëresh 661:Arbanasi 632:Tribes ( 617:Paganism 587:Folklore 445:Bulgaria 425:Diaspora 340:a series 338:Part of 284:Italians 237:Chameria 213:Τσάμηδες 201:Albanian 173:a. 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