3094:
1241:". Vice-chancellors may be appointed to assist the chancellor in busy chanceries. Normally, the chancellor is a priest or deacon, although in some circumstances a layperson may be appointed to the post. In the eparchial curia a chancellor is to be appointed who is to be a presbyter (priest) or deacon and whose principal obligation, unless otherwise established by the particular law, is to see that the acts of the curia are gathered and arranged as well as preserved in the archives of the eparchial curia.
3359:
3087:
703:, the Chancellor is elected by the Grand Council (i.e. Parliament) and has the task of supporting the Grand Council and the Executive Council in carrying out their tasks. The Chancellor directs the staff of the Executive Council, supports the President of the Government and the Executive Council in the performance of their duties, and usually participates as an advisor to the President of the Grand Council in Grand Council sessions.
3369:
3101:
1233:, or their equivalent. The chancellor is a notary, so that he may certify official documents, and often has other duties at the discretion of the bishop of the diocese: he may be in charge of some aspect of finances or of managing the personnel connected with diocesan offices, although his delegated authority cannot extend to vicars of the diocesan bishop, such as
699:, the first documents attesting to the existence of a Chancellor go back to the 12th century. In the 16th century the Chancery is officially described as the permanent secretariat of the executive and legislature. The first of these functions still constitutes an important part of its activities in Geneva and other cantons. In the
1263:
has a
Conference Chancellor, who is the Annual Conference's legal adviser and representative. While the Annual Conference usually hires outside professional counsel in matters that require legal representation, that hiring and representation is done under the supervision, and with the consent, of the
687:, the Swiss federal government. The Chancellor participates in the meetings of the seven Federal Councilors with a consultative vote and prepares the reports on policy and activities of the council to parliament (assembly). The chancellery is responsible for the publication of all federal laws.
1142:
In
Denmark, the office of chancellor (or royal chancellor) seems to have appeared in the 12th century, and until 1660 it was the title of the leader of the state administration (a kind of a "Home Office" but often with foreign political duties). Often he appeared to be the real leader of the
1920:
of the
Catholic Church, the chancellor may be a layperson, and not necessarily a presbyter or deacon. The office of the Chancellor is mandatory in all diocessan (eparchial) curia. The primary function of the Chancellor is to keep the curial records properly. Beal,
538:("Federal Diet", the directly elected federal parliament) every four years on the beginning of the electoral period after general elections. Between general elections, the Chancellor (together with the whole cabinet) can only be removed from office by a
981:, the Lord Chancellor became the nominal head of the Chancery Division. The Lord Chancellor was permitted to participate in judicial sittings of the House of Lords; he also chose the committees that heard appeals in the Lords. The
1300:
In a few instances, the term chancellor applies to a student or faculty member in a high school or an institution of higher learning who is either appointed or elected as chancellor to preside on the highest ranking
3067:
675:
657:
635:
1441:
The "royal sealer" (xtmtj-bity or xtmw-bity), a title which conveyed a certain rank at the royal court, attested since the First
Dynasty (about 3000 BC). People holding the post include
2221:
1143:
government. From 1660 until 1848, the title continued as "Grand
Chancellor" or "President of the Danish Chancellery", and was replaced in 1730 by the title "Minister of Domestic Affairs".
1635:
600:
and stood under his authority. This continued (formally) during the first year of the Nazi regime until the death of
President Paul von Hindenburg in 1934. Between 1934 and 1945,
1546:
each had a Grand
Chancellor and a Deputy Chancellor, each entitled to a senatorial seat, responsible for the affairs of the whole Kingdom, each with his own chancery. See
1021:
of the High Court of
Justice. Before 2005, the judge occupying this position was known as the Vice-Chancellor, the Lord Chancellor being the nominal head of the Division.
2226:
1083:
651:) is not the political head of government, but rather its chief administrator as the Chief of Staff of the Swiss Federal Government. He is elected by the Swiss
2116:
3372:
1547:
1289:, who run the municipally-operated public schools in those jurisdictions, carry the title of Chancellor. New York State also has a Chancellor of the
1725:
3405:
3240:
1293:, the body that licenses and regulates all educational and research institutions in the state and many professions (not to be confused with the
1004:
was the first Lord
Chancellor to be a member of the House of Commons, rather than the House of Lords or its predecessor, the Curia Regis, since
1328:(Rector). In order to avoid any misunderstanding, the head of the German Federal Government is therefore usually called by the official title
350:
3223:
2740:
2692:
1614:. He issued laws and regulations, and was responsible for day-to-day administration of the kingdom. From 1270, the Chancellor resided in
865:
1800:
2109:
985:
head of the
Chancery Division was the Vice-Chancellor, and the role of choosing appellate committees was in practice fulfilled by the
2667:
953:
1779:
Web site of the Bern Chancellery (French version) www.rr.be.ch/rr/fr/index/der_regierungsrat/der_regierungsrat/staatsschreiber.html
3362:
1460:—imy-r xtmt) was responsible for the state's income. This position appears around 2000 BC. Officials holding the post include
2720:
2801:
2268:
695:
In most Swiss cantons there is a State Chancellor who heads the central administrative unit of the cantonal government. In the
2039:
1815:
1278:
A chancellor is the leader, either ceremonial or executive, of many public and private universities and related institutions.
3010:
2185:
2102:
1494:
1282:
1114:
154:
2682:
2657:
2149:
1065:
965:
916:
892:
800:
and monitors the implementation of basic civil liberties. In this special function the chancellor also sits in the Finnish
597:
2705:
2085:
1521:
1290:
1286:
1260:
383:
2823:
2423:
1588:
1535:
1204:
971:
Head of the English, but not Scottish, judiciary. In previous centuries, the Lord Chancellor was the sole judge in the
562:
547:
308:
3400:
2855:
1955:
1062:. While palatine and liberty jurisdictions are practically obsolete, the ceremonial title chancellor remains in use:
986:
183:
92:
38:
2190:
1207:. As the Smithsonian is a research and museum system, its use of the title is perhaps best thought of as akin to a
941:
777:
407:) is a title of various official positions in the governments of many countries. The original chancellors were the
199:
2806:
2643:
1554:
1160:
978:
604:
combined the roles of head of state, head of government and leader of the ruling party, being officially titled "
124:
42:
2539:
1038:, the head of the lord's administration was often titled "chancellor". Where the lord was a bishop (as with the
739:. Likewise, the ministry of foreign affairs in Spanish-speaking countries in the Americas is referred to as the
1385:
961:
841:
684:
652:
1517:, the Chancellor of France presided over the Chamber of Peers, the upper house of the royal French parliament.
960:). In addition to the now primarily ceremonial duties as Chancellor, the office is now invariably held by the
2286:
2159:
1087:
952:
left the United Kingdom. The Lord Chancellor is the ceremonially second-highest-ranking non-royal subject in
3377:
2677:
2648:
2180:
1294:
1199:
In the United States, the only "chancellor" established by the federal government is the Chancellor of the
1014:
345:
87:
433:. The word is now used in the titles of many various officers in various settings (government, education,
3184:
2748:
2710:
2195:
1650:
1220:
1118:
1059:
880:
759:
responsible for technical issues relating to foreign affairs. As to the German foreign service, the term
736:
425:(court hall), which separated the judge and counsel from the audience. A chancellor's office is called a
159:
31:
17:
1909:§3. The chancellor as well as the vice-chancellor are by the law itself notaries of the eparchial curia.
2428:
2261:
1794:
1672:
1110:
1073:
2811:
2778:
1631:
630:
322:
303:
2730:
1514:
1349:
957:
805:
317:
1906:§2. If it seems necessary the chancellor can be given an assistant whose title is vice-chancellor.
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2768:
2725:
2456:
1256:
1200:
853:
376:
267:
2788:
2763:
2503:
2231:
1938:
As an example, see the Texas Annual Conference of the United Methodist Church (www.txcumc.org).
1913:
1886:
1273:
1208:
888:
279:
60:
1926:
1770:
Web site of Geneva Chancellery www.ge.ch/chancellerie/services-cha.asp retrieved March 2018.
2783:
2254:
1506:
1188:
1172:
837:
817:
797:
497:
473:
206:
903:
is used in British politics, it almost always refers to the Chancellor of the Exchequer. As
3245:
2941:
2818:
2715:
2700:
2513:
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2461:
2372:
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291:
179:
174:
8:
3310:
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2758:
2753:
2544:
2410:
2294:
1584:
1510:
1498:
1164:
728:
588:
as the head of the executive. Between 1871 and 1918, the Chancellor was appointed by the
513:
329:
1580:. Only the most distinguished government officials were promoted to this grade, such as
2597:
2440:
2170:
2126:
2080:
1627:
1619:
1421:
1047:
1031:
1005:
937:
756:
509:
369:
296:
286:
211:
139:
112:
3093:
2094:
484:), is the head of the Government of Austria. Since 2021, the Chancellor of Austria is
3298:
2534:
2418:
2387:
1951:
1872:
1558:
1538:(1569–1795), the four chancellors were among the ten highest officials of the state.
1432:
1249:
1238:
1091:
1018:
973:
187:
52:
1034:, where a local lord exercised personal jurisdiction that elsewhere was reserved to
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2036:
1819:
1759:
1581:
1357:
1245:
949:
884:
732:
720:
696:
1858:
876:
In the legal system of the United Kingdom, the term can refer to these officials:
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3315:
3250:
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3179:
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3005:
3000:
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2332:
2315:
2043:
1577:
1486:
1122:
1027:
925:
593:
573:
359:
1816:"Constitutional continuity: Jack Straw speech at the London School of Economics"
1393:
1384:
was the highest-ranking executive official serving under the emperor. See also:
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1363:
3189:
2973:
2887:
2662:
2587:
2568:
2493:
2450:
2435:
2351:
2200:
2165:
2154:
1706:
1607:
1569:
1565:
1478:
1461:
1428:
1381:
1234:
993:
948:
A former office of "Chancellor of Ireland" was abolished in 1922, when all but
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589:
525:
400:
149:
134:
129:
82:
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1793:
1184:
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3017:
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2619:
1841:
1789:
1573:
1039:
752:
712:
569:
485:
67:
1167:
in Great Britain. A ministry can also have one or several Vice-Chancellors (
3288:
2923:
2580:
2377:
2277:
1917:
1680:
1126:
997:
601:
577:
37:"Grand chancellor" and "The Chancellor" redirect here. For other uses, see
30:
This article is about the governmental official title. For other uses, see
1438:
There are two ancient Egyptian titles sometimes translated as chancellor.
1412:
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3273:
3134:
3061:
2892:
2879:
2773:
2614:
2526:
2508:
2290:
1688:
1676:
1643:
1611:
1568:, the chancellor was the highest rank of civil service as defined by the
1417:
1051:
1043:
626:
558:
763:(chancellor) refers to the administrative head of a diplomatic mission.
3169:
3151:
3044:
2956:
2602:
1804:. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 63.
1671:
A "State Chancellor" (German: Staatskanzler) was head of government in
1171:), who fulfill the duties of the Chancellor, when they are absent. The
1106:
1001:
253:
241:
102:
1163:
and coordinates institutions subject to the ministry, comparably to a
3201:
3129:
3086:
3051:
2985:
2951:
2946:
2918:
2592:
2558:
2488:
2205:
1726:"Immigration hardliner Karl Nehammer to take over as Austrian leader"
1701:
1606:, "Chancellor of Norway's Realm") was the most important aide of the
1543:
1035:
829:
532:
1997:
Urkunden zur Chronologie der späten 12. Dynastie, Briefe aus Illahun
1505:
was responsible for some judicial proceedings. During the reigns of
3305:
3278:
3268:
3141:
3119:
2849:
1528:
1312:
In Germany many heads of university administration carry the title
1309:. They handle non-academic matters such as violations of behavior.
1306:
1302:
1069:
434:
422:
416:
274:
262:
231:
2961:
2913:
2175:
1684:
1665:
1469:
1442:
1237:, episcopal vicars or judicial vicars. His office is within the "
1230:
1226:
977:; when, in 1873, that court was combined with others to form the
896:
144:
77:
1638:"for eternity." The Chancellors were originally chosen from the
3211:
3039:
2990:
2563:
2549:
2246:
1639:
1615:
1595:
1539:
1446:
1076:, often given to senior politicians so they have a seat in the
3100:
1129:
cases. Judges who sit on those courts are called chancellors.
3196:
3031:
2968:
2908:
2302:
2298:
1661:
1557:
was the highest non-hereditary rank in the government of the
236:
936:) is one of the oldest offices of state, dating back to the
2901:
2553:
1890:
1623:
1465:
766:
706:
2449:
1668:
and was charged with holding the king's pleas and "waste".
1191:
and monitors the implementation of basic civil liberties.
856:. There is in addition to this a University Chancellor or
735:. It is often used as a synonym to the full titles of the
3146:
2069:
Oslo bys historie: Byen ved festningen: fra 1536 til 1814
1634:
became Chancellor on a permanent basis. He was given the
891:, the Chancellor is generally seen as second only to the
1320:(Chancellor) while the academical heads carry the title
2356:
heads of currently or formerly sovereign royal families
2124:
1252:
are each presided over by a Chancellor of the Diocese.
3373:
Knowledge:WikiProject Orders, decorations, and medals
1524:
from the 14th century, there was a royal chancellor (
968:. Previously, the Chancellor also held the roles of:
437:). Nowadays the term is most often used to describe:
683:) — the general staff of the seven-member executive
3353:
is the accepted criterion for official distinctions
1225:The chancellor is the principal record-keeper of a
1100:
450:
A person in charge of financial and economic issues
1187:) supervises the legality of actions taken by the
944:itself. Theoretically, the Lord Chancellor is the
895:in political potency. The title dates back to the
796:) supervises the legality of actions taken by the
413:of Roman courts of justice—ushers, who sat at the
907:, the Chancellor has an official residence at 11
3392:
3241:International Commission for Orders of Chivalry
1352:is the common translation of the Chinese title
1132:
1086:, Keeper of the Great Seal, second only to the
2346:and their national/public/official authorities
1416:(Great Council of State) during and after the
1403:
1177:
1153:
596:(1919-1933), the Chancellor was chosen by the
2262:
2110:
1548:Offices in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1373:
1361:
1297:, an actual institution of higher learning).
858:
846:
822:
790:
782:
377:
1526:
1330:
1322:
1314:
731:) are commonly used to refer to the post of
606:
582:
540:
530:
518:
502:
478:
2089:. Oxford Univ., 1909. Accessed 31 Jan 2013.
2027:, Egypt Exploration Society—1958, p. 7
1948:Kenkyusha's New Japanese-English Dictionary
1925:, Paulist Press, Mahwah, New Jersey, 2000,
414:
408:
2471:
2269:
2255:
2117:
2103:
1749:Grundgesetz der Bundesrepublik Deutschland
1214:
1203:, a largely ceremonial office held by the
384:
370:
1664:administered the peasantry of the king's
1642:. The position lost its importance after
996:. These duties are now undertaken by the
557:Since 2021, the Chancellor of Germany is
457:
3363:Category:Orders, decorations, and medals
1788:
767:Functions related to justice and the law
707:Foreign minister and diplomatic official
3406:Titles of national or ethnic leadership
1923:New Commentary on the Code of Canon Law
1497:, as an office associated with that of
1267:
840:in 1713. Historically there was also a
612:" (literally "Leader and Chancellor").
447:A person with duties related to justice
14:
3393:
1687:. Both times the State Chancellor was
1058:to distinguish him from the bishop's
620:
2250:
2186:President of the Council of Ministers
2098:
1646:'s tenure, and was abolished in 1679.
1283:New York City Department of Education
462:
444:A person in charge of foreign affairs
155:President of the Council of Ministers
3349:* = Direct or indirect reference to
3068:Prizes known as the Nobel of a field
1622:moved the Chancellor's residence to
1066:Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
864:, who leads the National Agency for
743:or in Portuguese-speaking Brazil as
3368:
1452:The "Keeper of the Royal Seal" (or
1291:University of the State of New York
1287:District of Columbia Public Schools
1054:) then this officer was called the
964:, who is the political head of the
715:, the equivalents to "chancellor" (
673:) to head the Federal Chancellery (
24:
2227:President of the Executive Council
1343:
1205:Chief Justice of the United States
919:, at 10 Downing Street, in London.
563:Social Democratic Party of Germany
548:constructive vote of no confidence
25:
3417:
987:Senior Lord of Appeal in Ordinary
871:
852:as the most senior member of the
184:Cabinet collective responsibility
93:President of the council of state
3367:
3358:
3357:
3099:
3092:
3085:
2276:
2067:Jan Eivind Myhre, Edgeir Benum,
2037:Serdab of the Chancellor Meketre
1194:
1101:Some states in the United States
690:
649:Cancelliere della Confederazione
2191:President of the Executive Yuan
2162:(collective head of government)
2074:
2061:
2048:
2030:
2018:
2002:
1986:
1973:
1960:
1941:
1932:
1896:
1880:
1866:
1795:"Hatton, Sir Christopher"
836:. The office was introduced by
580:had the equivalent position of
43:The Chancellor (disambiguation)
1852:
1834:
1818:. 3 March 2009. Archived from
1808:
1782:
1773:
1764:
1752:
1743:
1718:
1536:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1386:Chancellor of the Tang dynasty
1350:Chancellor or Grand Chancellor
962:Secretary of State for Justice
615:
542:konstruktives Misstrauensvotum
13:
1:
1970:, Routledge 1999, p. 131
1758:See German Knowledge article
1712:
1088:Lord Warden of the Stannaries
747:. However, in Spain the term
351:Heads of state and government
3378:Knowledge:WikiProject Awards
2287:Auxiliary science of history
1983:, Routledge 2001, p. 63
1408:, "Chancellor of the Realm")
1295:State University of New York
1133:Other governmental positions
1121:, still maintain a separate
1015:Chancellor of the High Court
946:Chancellor of Great Britain.
737:ministers of foreign affairs
421:(lattice work screens) of a
7:
3185:Fraternities and sororities
2196:President of the government
1695:
1651:Lord Chancellor of Scotland
1221:Chancellor (ecclesiastical)
905:Second Lord of the Treasury
881:Chancellor of the Exchequer
160:President of the government
32:Chancellor (disambiguation)
10:
3422:
2056:Who's Who in Ancient Egypt
2013:Letters from Ancient Egypt
1981:Who's Who in Ancient Egypt
1859:VABARIIGI VALITSUSE SEADUS
1495:Great Officer of the Crown
1271:
1218:
1151:In Estonia, a Chancellor (
1146:
1137:
1074:minister without portfolio
913:First Lord of the Treasury
771:
491:
467:
441:The head of the government
36:
29:
3344:
3259:
3160:
3110:
3083:
3030:
2934:
2878:
2867:
2847:
2739:
2691:
2676:
2642:
2631:
2579:
2409:
2402:
2365:
2331:
2324:
2309:
2284:
2214:
2137:
2133:
1572:and on the same grade as
1431:in the government of the
1404:
1374:
1362:
1060:ecclesiastical chancellor
811:
550:), which consists of the
3401:Chancellors (government)
2042:August 28, 2005, at the
1626:; on 31 August 1314 the
1159:) directs the work of a
958:Archbishop of Canterbury
806:Finnish Council of State
608:FĂĽhrer und Reichskanzler
453:The head of a university
1801:Encyclopædia Britannica
1636:Great Seal of the Realm
1589:Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin
1264:Conference Chancellor.
1257:United Methodist Church
1215:Ecclesiastical position
1209:university's chancellor
1201:Smithsonian Institution
1125:with jurisdiction over
889:Great Officers of State
854:Privy Council of Sweden
1966:Toby A. H. Wilkinson,
1914:1983 Code of Canon Law
1527:
1490:
1420:and briefly under the
1331:
1323:
1315:
1274:Chancellor (education)
1178:
1154:
1084:Chancellor of Cornwall
1006:Sir Christopher Hatton
859:
847:
823:
791:
783:
680:
670:
666:
662:
648:
644:
640:
607:
583:
554:electing a successor.
541:
531:
528:and is elected by the
519:
503:
479:
458:Governmental positions
415:
409:
404:
1950:, Kenkyusha Limited,
1873:Ă•IGUSKANTSLERI SEADUS
1732:. Reuters. 2021-12-03
1173:Chancellor of Justice
838:Charles XII of Sweden
818:Chancellor of Justice
778:Chancellor of Justice
711:In most countries of
498:Chancellor of Germany
474:Chancellor of Austria
3246:Magical organization
2706:Intellectual freedom
2514:Master of ceremonies
1968:Early Dynastic Egypt
1604:Norges rikes kansler
1600:Chancellor of Norway
1491:Chancelier de France
1483:Chancellor of France
1454:overseer of the seal
1410:was the head of the
1268:Educational position
1068:: in effect, as the
930:Lord High Chancellor
842:Lord High Chancellor
346:National governments
180:Government formation
61:Executive government
3311:Order of precedence
2127:heads of government
2015:, Atlanta, 1990, 92
1999:, Wien 2006, 69 ff.
1846:World Statesmen.org
1602:(modern Norwegian:
1585:Alexander Gorchakov
1499:keeper of the seals
1477:For centuries, the
1165:Permanent Secretary
1056:temporal chancellor
1017:is the head of the
966:Ministry of Justice
911:, next door to the
860:Universitetskansler
621:Swiss Confederation
524:is equivalent to a
53:the Politics series
27:Governmental office
3224:Hereditary society
2441:Royal family order
2171:Minister-president
2086:Welsh Medieval Law
2081:Wade-Evans, Arthur
1620:Haakon V of Norway
1422:Meiji Constitution
1048:Archbishop of York
938:Kingdom of England
897:Kingdom of England
834:Swedish Government
757:diplomatic service
671:Assemblea federale
667:Assemblée fédérale
645:Chancelier fédéral
510:head of government
463:Head of government
304:Semi-parliamentary
140:Minister-president
113:Head of government
3388:
3387:
3354:
3299:Campaign streamer
3081:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3026:
3025:
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2797:
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2465:
2419:Order of chivalry
2398:
2397:
2391:
2388:Self-styled order
2244:
2243:
2240:
2239:
1582:foreign ministers
1559:Duchy of Burgundy
1522:Kingdom of Poland
1433:Holy Roman Empire
1281:The heads of the
1261:Annual Conference
1250:Church of England
1246:Consistory courts
1123:Court of Chancery
1092:Duchy of Cornwall
1019:Chancery Division
974:Court of Chancery
940:, and older than
934:King's Chancellor
830:Solicitor General
663:Bundesversammlung
394:
393:
318:Semi-presidential
16:(Redirected from
3413:
3371:
3370:
3361:
3360:
3348:
3326:Awareness ribbon
3321:Devotional medal
3234:Gentlemen's club
3103:
3096:
3089:
2876:
2875:
2865:
2864:
2853:
2807:Religion-related
2689:
2688:
2640:
2639:
2469:
2468:
2454:
2447:
2446:
2407:
2406:
2385:
2333:Founts of honour
2329:
2328:
2322:
2321:
2271:
2264:
2257:
2248:
2247:
2135:
2134:
2125:Titles used for
2119:
2112:
2105:
2096:
2095:
2090:
2078:
2072:
2065:
2059:
2058:, Routledge 2001
2052:
2046:
2034:
2028:
2022:
2016:
2006:
2000:
1990:
1984:
1977:
1971:
1964:
1958:
1945:
1939:
1936:
1930:
1900:
1894:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1822:on 13 March 2009
1812:
1806:
1805:
1797:
1786:
1780:
1777:
1771:
1768:
1762:
1756:
1750:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1737:
1722:
1679:and again after
1632:St Mary's Church
1532:
1409:
1407:
1406:
1379:
1378:
1367:
1366:
1334:
1326:
1318:
1244:In England, the
1181:
1157:
950:Northern Ireland
899:. When the term
887:. As one of the
885:finance minister
866:Higher Education
862:
850:
826:
824:Justitiekanslern
794:
792:Justitiekanslern
786:
733:foreign minister
697:Canton of Geneva
678:
660:
653:Federal Assembly
638:
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544:
536:
522:
506:
482:
420:
412:
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372:
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314:
300:
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39:Grand Chancellor
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3420:
3416:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3411:
3410:
3391:
3390:
3389:
3384:
3351:fount of honour
3340:
3331:Code of conduct
3316:Honorary degree
3261:
3255:
3251:Religious order
3207:Learned society
3180:Fraternal order
3162:
3156:
3112:
3106:
3105:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3091:
3090:
3073:
3022:
2930:
2869:
2857:
2852:
2835:
2793:
2735:
2721:Humanitarianism
2680:
2672:
2668:Law enforcement
2658:List of highest
2646:
2634:
2623:
2575:
2518:
2460:
2453:
2445:
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2160:Federal Council
2150:Chief executive
2129:
2123:
2093:
2079:
2075:
2066:
2062:
2053:
2049:
2044:Wayback Machine
2035:
2031:
2023:
2019:
2007:
2003:
1991:
1987:
1978:
1974:
1965:
1961:
1946:
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1744:
1735:
1733:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1698:
1578:General Admiral
1401:
1346:
1344:Historical uses
1276:
1270:
1223:
1217:
1197:
1149:
1140:
1135:
1103:
1028:county palatine
992:Speaker of the
926:Lord Chancellor
874:
814:
776:In Finland the
774:
769:
755:in the Spanish
709:
693:
685:Federal Council
674:
656:
634:
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618:
594:Weimar Republic
574:Weimar Republic
514:German politics
512:in Germany. In
494:
470:
465:
460:
390:
360:Politics portal
320:
306:
294:
277:
265:
246:
216:
186:
182:
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125:Chief executive
97:
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35:
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15:
12:
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3236:
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3193:
3192:
3190:Secret society
3187:
3182:
3177:
3166:
3164:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3154:
3149:
3144:
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2840:
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2836:
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2828:
2827:
2826:
2816:
2815:
2814:
2812:Ecclesiastical
2804:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
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2663:Campaign medal
2660:
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2637:
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2625:
2624:
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2612:
2605:
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2436:Order of merit
2433:
2432:
2431:
2429:Colonial order
2426:
2424:Military order
2415:
2413:
2404:
2400:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2392:
2383:
2380:
2375:
2373:Ecclesiastical
2369:
2367:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2357:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2338:
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2306:
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2234:
2229:
2224:
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2216:
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2208:
2203:
2201:Prime minister
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2166:First minister
2163:
2157:
2155:Chief minister
2152:
2147:
2141:
2139:
2131:
2130:
2122:
2121:
2114:
2107:
2099:
2092:
2091:
2073:
2060:
2054:Michael Rice,
2047:
2029:
2017:
2009:pLouvre 3230 B
2001:
1985:
1979:Michael Rice,
1972:
1959:
1940:
1931:
1911:
1910:
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1895:
1879:
1865:
1851:
1833:
1807:
1792:, ed. (1911).
1790:Chisholm, Hugh
1781:
1772:
1763:
1751:
1742:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1709:
1707:Prime minister
1704:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1673:German-Austria
1669:
1654:
1647:
1608:King of Norway
1592:
1570:Table of Ranks
1566:Russian Empire
1562:
1551:
1518:
1515:Louis Philippe
1481:appointed the
1479:King of France
1475:
1474:
1473:
1450:
1436:
1425:
1389:
1382:imperial China
1345:
1342:
1272:Main article:
1269:
1266:
1235:vicars general
1219:Main article:
1216:
1213:
1196:
1193:
1148:
1145:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1096:
1095:
1081:
1072:position of a
1023:
1022:
1011:
1010:
1009:
994:House of Lords
990:
921:
920:
917:Prime Minister
909:Downing Street
893:Prime Minister
873:
872:United Kingdom
870:
816:In Sweden the
813:
810:
784:Oikeuskansleri
773:
770:
768:
765:
708:
705:
701:canton of Bern
692:
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617:
614:
590:German Emperor
526:prime minister
493:
490:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
455:
454:
451:
448:
445:
442:
392:
391:
389:
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366:
363:
362:
356:
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348:
340:
339:
335:
334:
333:
332:
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323:cohabitational
315:
301:
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284:
272:
268:Constitutional
257:
256:
250:
249:
248:
247:
245:
244:
239:
234:
228:
220:
219:
218:
217:
215:
214:
209:
203:
193:
192:
191:
190:
168:
167:
166:
165:
163:
162:
157:
152:
150:Prime minister
147:
142:
137:
135:First minister
132:
130:Chief minister
127:
122:
116:
106:
105:
99:
98:
96:
95:
90:
85:
83:Supreme leader
80:
74:
71:
70:
64:
63:
57:
56:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
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3343:
3337:
3336:Code of honor
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3294:Battle honour
3292:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3285:
3282:
3280:
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3272:
3270:
3267:
3266:
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3219:Honor society
3217:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
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3176:
3175:Confraternity
3173:
3172:
3171:
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3167:
3165:
3163:organisations
3159:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3136:
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3121:
3118:
3117:
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3069:
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3043:
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3037:
3035:
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3018:Shoulder mark
3016:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3002:
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2997:
2994:
2992:
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2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2910:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2898:
2897:
2896:/Grand Cordon
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2871:(decorations)
2866:
2863:
2859:
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2832:
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2821:
2820:
2817:
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2581:Jurisdictions
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2560:
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2530:/Grand Cordon
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2378:Organisations
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2014:
2011:in E. Wente,
2010:
2005:
1998:
1994:
1993:pBerlin 10035
1989:
1982:
1976:
1969:
1963:
1957:
1956:4-7674-2015-6
1953:
1949:
1944:
1935:
1928:
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1837:
1821:
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1760:Staatskanzlei
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1730:The Guardian
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1681:World War II
1660:of medieval
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3113:and events
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631:Chancellor
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2206:Taoiseach
2181:President
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188:Secretary
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3306:Nobility
3279:Heraldry
3269:Chivalry
3262:concepts
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3161:Related
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1696:See also
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