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Chancellor

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3094: 1241:". Vice-chancellors may be appointed to assist the chancellor in busy chanceries. Normally, the chancellor is a priest or deacon, although in some circumstances a layperson may be appointed to the post. In the eparchial curia a chancellor is to be appointed who is to be a presbyter (priest) or deacon and whose principal obligation, unless otherwise established by the particular law, is to see that the acts of the curia are gathered and arranged as well as preserved in the archives of the eparchial curia. 3359: 3087: 703:, the Chancellor is elected by the Grand Council (i.e. Parliament) and has the task of supporting the Grand Council and the Executive Council in carrying out their tasks. The Chancellor directs the staff of the Executive Council, supports the President of the Government and the Executive Council in the performance of their duties, and usually participates as an advisor to the President of the Grand Council in Grand Council sessions. 3369: 3101: 1233:, or their equivalent. The chancellor is a notary, so that he may certify official documents, and often has other duties at the discretion of the bishop of the diocese: he may be in charge of some aspect of finances or of managing the personnel connected with diocesan offices, although his delegated authority cannot extend to vicars of the diocesan bishop, such as 699:, the first documents attesting to the existence of a Chancellor go back to the 12th century. In the 16th century the Chancery is officially described as the permanent secretariat of the executive and legislature. The first of these functions still constitutes an important part of its activities in Geneva and other cantons. In the 1263:
has a Conference Chancellor, who is the Annual Conference's legal adviser and representative. While the Annual Conference usually hires outside professional counsel in matters that require legal representation, that hiring and representation is done under the supervision, and with the consent, of the
687:, the Swiss federal government. The Chancellor participates in the meetings of the seven Federal Councilors with a consultative vote and prepares the reports on policy and activities of the council to parliament (assembly). The chancellery is responsible for the publication of all federal laws. 1142:
In Denmark, the office of chancellor (or royal chancellor) seems to have appeared in the 12th century, and until 1660 it was the title of the leader of the state administration (a kind of a "Home Office" but often with foreign political duties). Often he appeared to be the real leader of the
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of the Catholic Church, the chancellor may be a layperson, and not necessarily a presbyter or deacon. The office of the Chancellor is mandatory in all diocessan (eparchial) curia. The primary function of the Chancellor is to keep the curial records properly. Beal,
538:("Federal Diet", the directly elected federal parliament) every four years on the beginning of the electoral period after general elections. Between general elections, the Chancellor (together with the whole cabinet) can only be removed from office by a 981:, the Lord Chancellor became the nominal head of the Chancery Division. The Lord Chancellor was permitted to participate in judicial sittings of the House of Lords; he also chose the committees that heard appeals in the Lords. The 1300:
In a few instances, the term chancellor applies to a student or faculty member in a high school or an institution of higher learning who is either appointed or elected as chancellor to preside on the highest ranking
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The "royal sealer" (xtmtj-bity or xtmw-bity), a title which conveyed a certain rank at the royal court, attested since the First Dynasty (about 3000 BC). People holding the post include
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government. From 1660 until 1848, the title continued as "Grand Chancellor" or "President of the Danish Chancellery", and was replaced in 1730 by the title "Minister of Domestic Affairs".
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and stood under his authority. This continued (formally) during the first year of the Nazi regime until the death of President Paul von Hindenburg in 1934. Between 1934 and 1945,
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each had a Grand Chancellor and a Deputy Chancellor, each entitled to a senatorial seat, responsible for the affairs of the whole Kingdom, each with his own chancery. See
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of the High Court of Justice. Before 2005, the judge occupying this position was known as the Vice-Chancellor, the Lord Chancellor being the nominal head of the Division.
2226: 1083: 651:) is not the political head of government, but rather its chief administrator as the Chief of Staff of the Swiss Federal Government. He is elected by the Swiss 2116: 3372: 1547: 1289:, who run the municipally-operated public schools in those jurisdictions, carry the title of Chancellor. New York State also has a Chancellor of the 1725: 3405: 3240: 1293:, the body that licenses and regulates all educational and research institutions in the state and many professions (not to be confused with the 1004:
was the first Lord Chancellor to be a member of the House of Commons, rather than the House of Lords or its predecessor, the Curia Regis, since
1328:(Rector). In order to avoid any misunderstanding, the head of the German Federal Government is therefore usually called by the official title 350: 3223: 2740: 2692: 1614:. He issued laws and regulations, and was responsible for day-to-day administration of the kingdom. From 1270, the Chancellor resided in 865: 1800: 2109: 985:
head of the Chancery Division was the Vice-Chancellor, and the role of choosing appellate committees was in practice fulfilled by the
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Web site of the Bern Chancellery (French version) www.rr.be.ch/rr/fr/index/der_regierungsrat/der_regierungsrat/staatsschreiber.html
3362: 1460:—imy-r xtmt) was responsible for the state's income. This position appears around 2000 BC. Officials holding the post include 2720: 2801: 2268: 695:
In most Swiss cantons there is a State Chancellor who heads the central administrative unit of the cantonal government. In the
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A chancellor is the leader, either ceremonial or executive, of many public and private universities and related institutions.
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and monitors the implementation of basic civil liberties. In this special function the chancellor also sits in the Finnish
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Head of the English, but not Scottish, judiciary. In previous centuries, the Lord Chancellor was the sole judge in the
562: 547: 308: 3400: 2855: 1955: 1062:. While palatine and liberty jurisdictions are practically obsolete, the ceremonial title chancellor remains in use: 986: 183: 92: 38: 2190: 1207:. As the Smithsonian is a research and museum system, its use of the title is perhaps best thought of as akin to a 941: 777: 407:) is a title of various official positions in the governments of many countries. The original chancellors were the 199: 2806: 2643: 1554: 1160: 978: 604:
combined the roles of head of state, head of government and leader of the ruling party, being officially titled "
124: 42: 2539: 1038:, the head of the lord's administration was often titled "chancellor". Where the lord was a bishop (as with the 739:. Likewise, the ministry of foreign affairs in Spanish-speaking countries in the Americas is referred to as the 1385: 961: 841: 684: 652: 1517:, the Chancellor of France presided over the Chamber of Peers, the upper house of the royal French parliament. 960:). In addition to the now primarily ceremonial duties as Chancellor, the office is now invariably held by the 2286: 2159: 1087: 952:
left the United Kingdom. The Lord Chancellor is the ceremonially second-highest-ranking non-royal subject in
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In the United States, the only "chancellor" established by the federal government is the Chancellor of the
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responsible for technical issues relating to foreign affairs. As to the German foreign service, the term
736: 425:(court hall), which separated the judge and counsel from the audience. A chancellor's office is called a 159: 31: 17: 1909:§3. The chancellor as well as the vice-chancellor are by the law itself notaries of the eparchial curia. 2428: 2261: 1794: 1672: 1110: 1073: 2811: 2778: 1631: 630: 322: 303: 2730: 1514: 1349: 957: 805: 317: 1906:§2. If it seems necessary the chancellor can be given an assistant whose title is vice-chancellor. 2830: 2768: 2725: 2456: 1256: 1200: 853: 376: 267: 2788: 2763: 2503: 2231: 1938:
As an example, see the Texas Annual Conference of the United Methodist Church (www.txcumc.org).
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Web site of Geneva Chancellery www.ge.ch/chancellerie/services-cha.asp retrieved March 2018.
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is used in British politics, it almost always refers to the Chancellor of the Exchequer. As
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as the head of the executive. Between 1871 and 1918, the Chancellor was appointed by the
513: 329: 1580:. Only the most distinguished government officials were promoted to this grade, such as 2597: 2440: 2170: 2126: 2080: 1627: 1619: 1421: 1047: 1031: 1005: 937: 756: 509: 369: 296: 286: 211: 139: 112: 3093: 2094: 484:), is the head of the Government of Austria. Since 2021, the Chancellor of Austria is 3298: 2534: 2418: 2387: 1951: 1872: 1558: 1538:(1569–1795), the four chancellors were among the ten highest officials of the state. 1432: 1249: 1238: 1091: 1018: 973: 187: 52: 1034:, where a local lord exercised personal jurisdiction that elsewhere was reserved to 3325: 3320: 2995: 2608: 2341: 2036: 1819: 1759: 1581: 1357: 1245: 949: 884: 732: 720: 696: 1858: 876:
In the legal system of the United Kingdom, the term can refer to these officials:
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was the highest-ranking executive official serving under the emperor. See also:
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A former office of "Chancellor of Ireland" was abolished in 1922, when all but
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in Great Britain. A ministry can also have one or several Vice-Chancellors (
3288: 2923: 2580: 2377: 2277: 1917: 1680: 1126: 997: 601: 577: 37:"Grand chancellor" and "The Chancellor" redirect here. For other uses, see 30:
This article is about the governmental official title. For other uses, see
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There are two ancient Egyptian titles sometimes translated as chancellor.
1412: 3283: 3273: 3134: 3061: 2892: 2879: 2773: 2614: 2526: 2508: 2290: 1688: 1676: 1643: 1611: 1568:, the chancellor was the highest rank of civil service as defined by the 1417: 1051: 1043: 626: 558: 763:(chancellor) refers to the administrative head of a diplomatic mission. 3169: 3151: 3044: 2956: 2602: 1804:. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 63. 1671:
A "State Chancellor" (German: Staatskanzler) was head of government in
1171:), who fulfill the duties of the Chancellor, when they are absent. The 1106: 1001: 253: 241: 102: 1163:
and coordinates institutions subject to the ministry, comparably to a
3201: 3129: 3086: 3051: 2985: 2951: 2946: 2918: 2592: 2558: 2488: 2205: 1726:"Immigration hardliner Karl Nehammer to take over as Austrian leader" 1701: 1606:, "Chancellor of Norway's Realm") was the most important aide of the 1543: 1035: 829: 532: 1997:
Urkunden zur Chronologie der späten 12. Dynastie, Briefe aus Illahun
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was responsible for some judicial proceedings. During the reigns of
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In Germany many heads of university administration carry the title
1309:. They handle non-academic matters such as violations of behavior. 1306: 1302: 1069: 434: 422: 416: 274: 262: 231: 2961: 2913: 2175: 1684: 1665: 1469: 1442: 1237:, episcopal vicars or judicial vicars. His office is within the " 1230: 1226: 977:; when, in 1873, that court was combined with others to form the 896: 144: 77: 1638:"for eternity." The Chancellors were originally chosen from the 3211: 3039: 2990: 2563: 2549: 2246: 1639: 1615: 1595: 1539: 1446: 1076:, often given to senior politicians so they have a seat in the 3100: 1129:
cases. Judges who sit on those courts are called chancellors.
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was the highest non-hereditary rank in the government of the
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and was charged with holding the king's pleas and "waste".
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and monitors the implementation of basic civil liberties.
856:. There is in addition to this a University Chancellor or 735:. It is often used as a synonym to the full titles of the 3146: 2069:
Oslo bys historie: Byen ved festningen: fra 1536 til 1814
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became Chancellor on a permanent basis. He was given the
891:, the Chancellor is generally seen as second only to the 1320:(Chancellor) while the academical heads carry the title 2356:
heads of currently or formerly sovereign royal families
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are each presided over by a Chancellor of the Diocese.
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Knowledge:WikiProject Orders, decorations, and medals
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from the 14th century, there was a royal chancellor (
968:. Previously, the Chancellor also held the roles of: 437:). Nowadays the term is most often used to describe: 683:) — the general staff of the seven-member executive 3353:
is the accepted criterion for official distinctions
1225:The chancellor is the principal record-keeper of a 1100: 450:
A person in charge of financial and economic issues
1187:) supervises the legality of actions taken by the 944:itself. Theoretically, the Lord Chancellor is the 895:in political potency. The title dates back to the 796:) supervises the legality of actions taken by the 413:of Roman courts of justice—ushers, who sat at the 907:, the Chancellor has an official residence at 11 3392: 3241:International Commission for Orders of Chivalry 1352:is the common translation of the Chinese title 1132: 1086:, Keeper of the Great Seal, second only to the 2346:and their national/public/official authorities 1416:(Great Council of State) during and after the 1403: 1177: 1153: 596:(1919-1933), the Chancellor was chosen by the 2262: 2110: 1548:Offices in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1373: 1361: 1297:, an actual institution of higher learning). 858: 846: 822: 790: 782: 377: 1526: 1330: 1322: 1314: 731:) are commonly used to refer to the post of 606: 582: 540: 530: 518: 502: 478: 2089:. Oxford Univ., 1909. Accessed 31 Jan 2013. 2027:, Egypt Exploration Society—1958, p. 7 1948:Kenkyusha's New Japanese-English Dictionary 1925:, Paulist Press, Mahwah, New Jersey, 2000, 414: 408: 2471: 2269: 2255: 2117: 2103: 1749:Grundgesetz der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1214: 1203:, a largely ceremonial office held by the 384: 370: 1664:administered the peasantry of the king's 1642:. The position lost its importance after 996:. These duties are now undertaken by the 557:Since 2021, the Chancellor of Germany is 457: 3363:Category:Orders, decorations, and medals 1788: 767:Functions related to justice and the law 707:Foreign minister and diplomatic official 3406:Titles of national or ethnic leadership 1923:New Commentary on the Code of Canon Law 1497:, as an office associated with that of 1267: 840:in 1713. Historically there was also a 612:" (literally "Leader and Chancellor"). 447:A person with duties related to justice 14: 3393: 1687:. Both times the State Chancellor was 1058:to distinguish him from the bishop's 620: 2250: 2186:President of the Council of Ministers 2098: 1646:'s tenure, and was abolished in 1679. 1283:New York City Department of Education 462: 444:A person in charge of foreign affairs 155:President of the Council of Ministers 3349:* = Direct or indirect reference to 3068:Prizes known as the Nobel of a field 1622:moved the Chancellor's residence to 1066:Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 864:, who leads the National Agency for 743:or in Portuguese-speaking Brazil as 3368: 1452:The "Keeper of the Royal Seal" (or 1291:University of the State of New York 1287:District of Columbia Public Schools 1054:) then this officer was called the 964:, who is the political head of the 715:, the equivalents to "chancellor" ( 673:) to head the Federal Chancellery ( 24: 2227:President of the Executive Council 1343: 1205:Chief Justice of the United States 919:, at 10 Downing Street, in London. 563:Social Democratic Party of Germany 548:constructive vote of no confidence 25: 3417: 987:Senior Lord of Appeal in Ordinary 871: 852:as the most senior member of the 184:Cabinet collective responsibility 93:President of the council of state 3367: 3358: 3357: 3099: 3092: 3085: 2276: 2067:Jan Eivind Myhre, Edgeir Benum, 2037:Serdab of the Chancellor Meketre 1194: 1101:Some states in the United States 690: 649:Cancelliere della Confederazione 2191:President of the Executive Yuan 2162:(collective head of government) 2074: 2061: 2048: 2030: 2018: 2002: 1986: 1973: 1960: 1941: 1932: 1896: 1880: 1866: 1795:"Hatton, Sir Christopher"  836:. The office was introduced by 580:had the equivalent position of 43:The Chancellor (disambiguation) 1852: 1834: 1818:. 3 March 2009. Archived from 1808: 1782: 1773: 1764: 1752: 1743: 1718: 1536:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1386:Chancellor of the Tang dynasty 1350:Chancellor or Grand Chancellor 962:Secretary of State for Justice 615: 542:konstruktives Misstrauensvotum 13: 1: 1970:, Routledge 1999, p. 131 1758:See German Knowledge article 1712: 1088:Lord Warden of the Stannaries 747:. However, in Spain the term 351:Heads of state and government 3378:Knowledge:WikiProject Awards 2287:Auxiliary science of history 1983:, Routledge 2001, p. 63 1408:, "Chancellor of the Realm") 1295:State University of New York 1133:Other governmental positions 1121:, still maintain a separate 1015:Chancellor of the High Court 946:Chancellor of Great Britain. 737:ministers of foreign affairs 421:(lattice work screens) of a 7: 3185:Fraternities and sororities 2196:President of the government 1695: 1651:Lord Chancellor of Scotland 1221:Chancellor (ecclesiastical) 905:Second Lord of the Treasury 881:Chancellor of the Exchequer 160:President of the government 32:Chancellor (disambiguation) 10: 3422: 2056:Who's Who in Ancient Egypt 2013:Letters from Ancient Egypt 1981:Who's Who in Ancient Egypt 1859:VABARIIGI VALITSUSE SEADUS 1495:Great Officer of the Crown 1271: 1218: 1151:In Estonia, a Chancellor ( 1146: 1137: 1074:minister without portfolio 913:First Lord of the Treasury 771: 491: 467: 441:The head of the government 36: 29: 3344: 3259: 3160: 3110: 3083: 3030: 2934: 2878: 2867: 2847: 2739: 2691: 2676: 2642: 2631: 2579: 2409: 2402: 2365: 2331: 2324: 2309: 2284: 2214: 2137: 2133: 1572:and on the same grade as 1431:in the government of the 1404: 1374: 1362: 1060:ecclesiastical chancellor 811: 550:), which consists of the 3401:Chancellors (government) 2042:August 28, 2005, at the 1626:; on 31 August 1314 the 1159:) directs the work of a 958:Archbishop of Canterbury 806:Finnish Council of State 608:FĂĽhrer und Reichskanzler 453:The head of a university 1801:Encyclopædia Britannica 1636:Great Seal of the Realm 1589:Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin 1264:Conference Chancellor. 1257:United Methodist Church 1215:Ecclesiastical position 1209:university's chancellor 1201:Smithsonian Institution 1125:with jurisdiction over 889:Great Officers of State 854:Privy Council of Sweden 1966:Toby A. H. Wilkinson, 1914:1983 Code of Canon Law 1527: 1490: 1420:and briefly under the 1331: 1323: 1315: 1274:Chancellor (education) 1178: 1154: 1084:Chancellor of Cornwall 1006:Sir Christopher Hatton 859: 847: 823: 791: 783: 680: 670: 666: 662: 648: 644: 640: 607: 583: 554:electing a successor. 541: 531: 528:and is elected by the 519: 503: 479: 458:Governmental positions 415: 409: 404: 1950:, Kenkyusha Limited, 1873:Ă•IGUSKANTSLERI SEADUS 1732:. Reuters. 2021-12-03 1173:Chancellor of Justice 838:Charles XII of Sweden 818:Chancellor of Justice 778:Chancellor of Justice 711:In most countries of 498:Chancellor of Germany 474:Chancellor of Austria 3246:Magical organization 2706:Intellectual freedom 2514:Master of ceremonies 1968:Early Dynastic Egypt 1604:Norges rikes kansler 1600:Chancellor of Norway 1491:Chancelier de France 1483:Chancellor of France 1454:overseer of the seal 1410:was the head of the 1268:Educational position 1068:: in effect, as the 930:Lord High Chancellor 842:Lord High Chancellor 346:National governments 180:Government formation 61:Executive government 3311:Order of precedence 2127:heads of government 2015:, Atlanta, 1990, 92 1999:, Wien 2006, 69 ff. 1846:World Statesmen.org 1602:(modern Norwegian: 1585:Alexander Gorchakov 1499:keeper of the seals 1477:For centuries, the 1165:Permanent Secretary 1056:temporal chancellor 1017:is the head of the 966:Ministry of Justice 911:, next door to the 860:Universitetskansler 621:Swiss Confederation 524:is equivalent to a 53:the Politics series 27:Governmental office 3224:Hereditary society 2441:Royal family order 2171:Minister-president 2086:Welsh Medieval Law 2081:Wade-Evans, Arthur 1620:Haakon V of Norway 1422:Meiji Constitution 1048:Archbishop of York 938:Kingdom of England 897:Kingdom of England 834:Swedish Government 757:diplomatic service 671:Assemblea federale 667:AssemblĂ©e fĂ©dĂ©rale 645:Chancelier fĂ©dĂ©ral 510:head of government 463:Head of government 304:Semi-parliamentary 140:Minister-president 113:Head of government 3388: 3387: 3354: 3299:Campaign streamer 3081: 3080: 3077: 3076: 3026: 3025: 2861: 2843: 2842: 2839: 2838: 2797: 2796: 2627: 2626: 2522: 2521: 2465: 2419:Order of chivalry 2398: 2397: 2391: 2388:Self-styled order 2244: 2243: 2240: 2239: 1582:foreign ministers 1559:Duchy of Burgundy 1522:Kingdom of Poland 1433:Holy Roman Empire 1281:The heads of the 1261:Annual Conference 1250:Church of England 1246:Consistory courts 1123:Court of Chancery 1092:Duchy of Cornwall 1019:Chancery Division 974:Court of Chancery 940:, and older than 934:King's Chancellor 830:Solicitor General 663:Bundesversammlung 394: 393: 318:Semi-presidential 16:(Redirected from 3413: 3371: 3370: 3361: 3360: 3348: 3326:Awareness ribbon 3321:Devotional medal 3234:Gentlemen's club 3103: 3096: 3089: 2876: 2875: 2865: 2864: 2853: 2807:Religion-related 2689: 2688: 2640: 2639: 2469: 2468: 2454: 2447: 2446: 2407: 2406: 2385: 2333:Founts of honour 2329: 2328: 2322: 2321: 2271: 2264: 2257: 2248: 2247: 2135: 2134: 2125:Titles used for 2119: 2112: 2105: 2096: 2095: 2090: 2078: 2072: 2065: 2059: 2058:, Routledge 2001 2052: 2046: 2034: 2028: 2022: 2016: 2006: 2000: 1990: 1984: 1977: 1971: 1964: 1958: 1945: 1939: 1936: 1930: 1900: 1894: 1884: 1878: 1877: 1870: 1864: 1863: 1856: 1850: 1849: 1838: 1832: 1831: 1829: 1827: 1822:on 13 March 2009 1812: 1806: 1805: 1797: 1786: 1780: 1777: 1771: 1768: 1762: 1756: 1750: 1747: 1741: 1740: 1738: 1737: 1722: 1679:and again after 1632:St Mary's Church 1532: 1409: 1407: 1406: 1379: 1378: 1367: 1366: 1334: 1326: 1318: 1244:In England, the 1181: 1157: 950:Northern Ireland 899:. When the term 887:. As one of the 885:finance minister 866:Higher Education 862: 850: 826: 824:Justitiekanslern 794: 792:Justitiekanslern 786: 733:foreign minister 697:Canton of Geneva 678: 660: 653:Federal Assembly 638: 610: 586: 544: 536: 522: 506: 482: 420: 412: 386: 379: 372: 326: 314: 300: 283: 271: 48: 47: 39:Grand Chancellor 21: 3421: 3420: 3416: 3415: 3414: 3412: 3411: 3410: 3391: 3390: 3389: 3384: 3351:fount of honour 3340: 3331:Code of conduct 3316:Honorary degree 3261: 3255: 3251:Religious order 3207:Learned society 3180:Fraternal order 3162: 3156: 3112: 3106: 3105: 3104: 3098: 3097: 3091: 3090: 3073: 3022: 2930: 2869: 2857: 2852: 2835: 2793: 2735: 2721:Humanitarianism 2680: 2672: 2668:Law enforcement 2658:List of highest 2646: 2634: 2623: 2575: 2518: 2460: 2453: 2445: 2394: 2361: 2313: 2305: 2280: 2275: 2245: 2236: 2210: 2160:Federal Council 2150:Chief executive 2129: 2123: 2093: 2079: 2075: 2066: 2062: 2053: 2049: 2044:Wayback Machine 2035: 2031: 2023: 2019: 2007: 2003: 1991: 1987: 1978: 1974: 1965: 1961: 1946: 1942: 1937: 1933: 1903: 1901: 1897: 1885: 1881: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1840: 1839: 1835: 1825: 1823: 1814: 1813: 1809: 1787: 1783: 1778: 1774: 1769: 1765: 1757: 1753: 1748: 1744: 1735: 1733: 1724: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1698: 1578:General Admiral 1401: 1346: 1344:Historical uses 1276: 1270: 1223: 1217: 1197: 1149: 1140: 1135: 1103: 1028:county palatine 992:Speaker of the 926:Lord Chancellor 874: 814: 776:In Finland the 774: 769: 755:in the Spanish 709: 693: 685:Federal Council 674: 656: 634: 623: 618: 594:Weimar Republic 574:Weimar Republic 514:German politics 512:in Germany. In 494: 470: 465: 460: 390: 360:Politics portal 320: 306: 294: 277: 265: 246: 216: 186: 182: 178: 164: 125:Chief executive 97: 46: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3419: 3409: 3408: 3403: 3386: 3385: 3383: 3382: 3381: 3380: 3365: 3355: 3345: 3342: 3341: 3339: 3338: 3333: 3328: 3323: 3318: 3313: 3308: 3303: 3302: 3301: 3296: 3291: 3281: 3276: 3271: 3265: 3263: 3257: 3256: 3254: 3253: 3248: 3243: 3238: 3237: 3236: 3226: 3221: 3216: 3215: 3214: 3204: 3199: 3194: 3193: 3192: 3190:Secret society 3187: 3182: 3177: 3166: 3164: 3158: 3157: 3155: 3154: 3149: 3144: 3139: 3138: 3137: 3132: 3127: 3116: 3114: 3108: 3107: 3084: 3082: 3079: 3078: 3075: 3074: 3072: 3071: 3064: 3059: 3054: 3049: 3048: 3047: 3036: 3034: 3028: 3027: 3024: 3023: 3021: 3020: 3015: 3014: 3013: 3008: 2998: 2993: 2988: 2983: 2982: 2981: 2976: 2966: 2965: 2964: 2959: 2954: 2944: 2938: 2936: 2932: 2931: 2929: 2928: 2927: 2926: 2921: 2916: 2906: 2905: 2904: 2890: 2884: 2882: 2873: 2862: 2845: 2844: 2841: 2840: 2837: 2836: 2834: 2833: 2828: 2827: 2826: 2816: 2815: 2814: 2812:Ecclesiastical 2804: 2798: 2795: 2794: 2792: 2791: 2786: 2781: 2776: 2771: 2766: 2761: 2756: 2751: 2745: 2743: 2737: 2736: 2734: 2733: 2728: 2723: 2718: 2713: 2708: 2703: 2697: 2695: 2686: 2674: 2673: 2671: 2670: 2665: 2663:Campaign medal 2660: 2654: 2652: 2637: 2629: 2628: 2625: 2624: 2622: 2617: 2612: 2605: 2600: 2595: 2590: 2585: 2583: 2577: 2576: 2574: 2573: 2572: 2571: 2566: 2556: 2547: 2542: 2537: 2532: 2523: 2520: 2519: 2517: 2516: 2511: 2506: 2501: 2496: 2491: 2486: 2481: 2475: 2473: 2466: 2444: 2443: 2438: 2436:Order of merit 2433: 2432: 2431: 2429:Colonial order 2426: 2424:Military order 2415: 2413: 2404: 2400: 2399: 2396: 2395: 2393: 2392: 2383: 2380: 2375: 2373:Ecclesiastical 2369: 2367: 2363: 2362: 2360: 2359: 2358: 2357: 2349: 2348: 2347: 2338: 2336: 2326: 2319: 2307: 2306: 2285: 2282: 2281: 2274: 2273: 2266: 2259: 2251: 2242: 2241: 2238: 2237: 2235: 2234: 2229: 2224: 2218: 2216: 2212: 2211: 2209: 2208: 2203: 2201:Prime minister 2198: 2193: 2188: 2183: 2178: 2173: 2168: 2166:First minister 2163: 2157: 2155:Chief minister 2152: 2147: 2141: 2139: 2131: 2130: 2122: 2121: 2114: 2107: 2099: 2092: 2091: 2073: 2060: 2054:Michael Rice, 2047: 2029: 2017: 2009:pLouvre 3230 B 2001: 1985: 1979:Michael Rice, 1972: 1959: 1940: 1931: 1911: 1910: 1907: 1895: 1879: 1865: 1851: 1833: 1807: 1792:, ed. (1911). 1790:Chisholm, Hugh 1781: 1772: 1763: 1751: 1742: 1716: 1714: 1711: 1710: 1709: 1707:Prime minister 1704: 1697: 1694: 1693: 1692: 1673:German-Austria 1669: 1654: 1647: 1608:King of Norway 1592: 1570:Table of Ranks 1566:Russian Empire 1562: 1551: 1518: 1515:Louis Philippe 1481:appointed the 1479:King of France 1475: 1474: 1473: 1450: 1436: 1425: 1389: 1382:imperial China 1345: 1342: 1272:Main article: 1269: 1266: 1235:vicars general 1219:Main article: 1216: 1213: 1196: 1193: 1148: 1145: 1139: 1136: 1134: 1131: 1102: 1099: 1098: 1097: 1096: 1095: 1081: 1072:position of a 1023: 1022: 1011: 1010: 1009: 994:House of Lords 990: 921: 920: 917:Prime Minister 909:Downing Street 893:Prime Minister 873: 872:United Kingdom 870: 816:In Sweden the 813: 810: 784:Oikeuskansleri 773: 770: 768: 765: 708: 705: 701:canton of Bern 692: 689: 622: 619: 617: 614: 590:German Emperor 526:prime minister 493: 490: 469: 466: 464: 461: 459: 456: 455: 454: 451: 448: 445: 442: 392: 391: 389: 388: 381: 374: 366: 363: 362: 356: 355: 354: 353: 348: 340: 339: 335: 334: 333: 332: 327: 323:cohabitational 315: 301: 289: 284: 272: 268:Constitutional 257: 256: 250: 249: 248: 247: 245: 244: 239: 234: 228: 220: 219: 218: 217: 215: 214: 209: 203: 193: 192: 191: 190: 168: 167: 166: 165: 163: 162: 157: 152: 150:Prime minister 147: 142: 137: 135:First minister 132: 130:Chief minister 127: 122: 116: 106: 105: 99: 98: 96: 95: 90: 85: 83:Supreme leader 80: 74: 71: 70: 64: 63: 57: 56: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3418: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3398: 3396: 3379: 3376: 3375: 3374: 3366: 3364: 3356: 3352: 3347: 3346: 3343: 3337: 3336:Code of honor 3334: 3332: 3329: 3327: 3324: 3322: 3319: 3317: 3314: 3312: 3309: 3307: 3304: 3300: 3297: 3295: 3294:Battle honour 3292: 3290: 3287: 3286: 3285: 3282: 3280: 3277: 3275: 3272: 3270: 3267: 3266: 3264: 3258: 3252: 3249: 3247: 3244: 3242: 3239: 3235: 3232: 3231: 3230: 3227: 3225: 3222: 3220: 3219:Honor society 3217: 3213: 3210: 3209: 3208: 3205: 3203: 3200: 3198: 3195: 3191: 3188: 3186: 3183: 3181: 3178: 3176: 3175:Confraternity 3173: 3172: 3171: 3168: 3167: 3165: 3163:organisations 3159: 3153: 3150: 3148: 3145: 3143: 3140: 3136: 3133: 3131: 3128: 3126: 3123: 3122: 3121: 3118: 3117: 3115: 3109: 3102: 3095: 3088: 3070: 3069: 3065: 3063: 3060: 3058: 3055: 3053: 3050: 3046: 3043: 3042: 3041: 3038: 3037: 3035: 3033: 3029: 3019: 3018:Shoulder mark 3016: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3004: 3003: 3002: 2999: 2997: 2994: 2992: 2989: 2987: 2984: 2980: 2977: 2975: 2972: 2971: 2970: 2967: 2963: 2960: 2958: 2955: 2953: 2950: 2949: 2948: 2945: 2943: 2940: 2939: 2937: 2933: 2925: 2922: 2920: 2917: 2915: 2912: 2911: 2910: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2898: 2897: 2896:/Grand Cordon 2894: 2891: 2889: 2886: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2877: 2874: 2872: 2871:(decorations) 2866: 2863: 2859: 2851: 2846: 2832: 2829: 2825: 2822: 2821: 2820: 2817: 2813: 2810: 2809: 2808: 2805: 2803: 2800: 2799: 2790: 2787: 2785: 2782: 2780: 2777: 2775: 2772: 2770: 2767: 2765: 2762: 2760: 2757: 2755: 2752: 2750: 2747: 2746: 2744: 2742: 2738: 2732: 2729: 2727: 2724: 2722: 2719: 2717: 2714: 2712: 2709: 2707: 2704: 2702: 2699: 2698: 2696: 2694: 2690: 2687: 2684: 2679: 2675: 2669: 2666: 2664: 2661: 2659: 2656: 2655: 2653: 2650: 2645: 2641: 2638: 2636: 2630: 2621: 2618: 2616: 2613: 2611: 2610: 2606: 2604: 2601: 2599: 2596: 2594: 2591: 2589: 2586: 2584: 2582: 2581:Jurisdictions 2578: 2570: 2567: 2565: 2562: 2561: 2560: 2557: 2555: 2551: 2548: 2546: 2543: 2541: 2538: 2536: 2533: 2531: 2530:/Grand Cordon 2528: 2525: 2524: 2515: 2512: 2510: 2507: 2505: 2502: 2500: 2497: 2495: 2492: 2490: 2487: 2485: 2482: 2480: 2477: 2476: 2474: 2470: 2467: 2463: 2458: 2452: 2448: 2442: 2439: 2437: 2434: 2430: 2427: 2425: 2422: 2421: 2420: 2417: 2416: 2414: 2412: 2408: 2405: 2401: 2389: 2384: 2381: 2379: 2378:Organisations 2376: 2374: 2371: 2370: 2368: 2364: 2355: 2354: 2353: 2350: 2345: 2344: 2343: 2340: 2339: 2337: 2334: 2330: 2327: 2323: 2320: 2317: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2283: 2279: 2272: 2267: 2265: 2260: 2258: 2253: 2252: 2249: 2233: 2230: 2228: 2225: 2223: 2220: 2219: 2217: 2213: 2207: 2204: 2202: 2199: 2197: 2194: 2192: 2189: 2187: 2184: 2182: 2179: 2177: 2174: 2172: 2169: 2167: 2164: 2161: 2158: 2156: 2153: 2151: 2148: 2146: 2143: 2142: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2120: 2115: 2113: 2108: 2106: 2101: 2100: 2097: 2088: 2087: 2082: 2077: 2070: 2064: 2057: 2051: 2045: 2041: 2038: 2033: 2026: 2021: 2014: 2011:in E. Wente, 2010: 2005: 1998: 1994: 1993:pBerlin 10035 1989: 1982: 1976: 1969: 1963: 1957: 1956:4-7674-2015-6 1953: 1949: 1944: 1935: 1928: 1924: 1919: 1915: 1908: 1905: 1904: 1899: 1892: 1888: 1883: 1876:(in Estonian) 1874: 1869: 1862:(in Estonian) 1860: 1855: 1847: 1843: 1837: 1821: 1817: 1811: 1803: 1802: 1796: 1791: 1785: 1776: 1767: 1761: 1760:Staatskanzlei 1755: 1746: 1731: 1727: 1721: 1717: 1708: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1699: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1652: 1648: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1590: 1586: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1574:field marshal 1571: 1567: 1563: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1531: 1530: 1523: 1519: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472:, and Nakhti. 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1439: 1437: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1414: 1400: 1396: 1395: 1390: 1387: 1383: 1377: 1371: 1365: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1348: 1347: 1341: 1340:Chancellor). 1339: 1335: 1333: 1332:Bundeskanzler 1327: 1325: 1319: 1317: 1310: 1308: 1304: 1298: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1279: 1275: 1265: 1262: 1258: 1253: 1251: 1247: 1242: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1222: 1212: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1195:United States 1192: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1180: 1179:Ă•iguskantsler 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1156: 1144: 1130: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1082: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1064: 1063: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1040:Bishop of Ely 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 988: 984: 980: 976: 975: 970: 969: 967: 963: 959: 955: 951: 947: 943: 939: 935: 931: 927: 923: 922: 918: 914: 910: 906: 902: 898: 894: 890: 886: 882: 879: 878: 877: 869: 867: 863: 861: 855: 851: 849: 843: 839: 835: 831: 827: 825: 819: 809: 807: 803: 799: 795: 793: 787: 785: 779: 764: 762: 758: 754: 753:civil servant 750: 746: 742: 738: 734: 730: 726: 722: 718: 714: 713:Latin America 704: 702: 698: 691:Swiss cantons 688: 686: 682: 681:Bundeskanzlei 677: 672: 668: 664: 659: 654: 650: 646: 642: 641:Bundeskanzler 637: 632: 628: 613: 611: 609: 603: 599: 595: 592:. During the 591: 587: 585: 584:Reichskanzler 579: 575: 571: 570:German Empire 566: 564: 560: 555: 553: 549: 545: 543: 537: 535: 534: 527: 523: 521: 520:Bundeskanzler 515: 511: 507: 505: 504:Bundeskanzler 499: 489: 487: 486:Karl Nehammer 483: 481: 480:Bundeskanzler 475: 452: 449: 446: 443: 440: 439: 438: 436: 432: 428: 424: 419: 418: 411: 406: 402: 398: 387: 382: 380: 375: 373: 368: 367: 365: 364: 361: 358: 357: 352: 349: 347: 344: 343: 342: 341: 337: 336: 331: 328: 324: 319: 316: 312: 311: 305: 302: 298: 293: 292:Parliamentary 290: 288: 285: 281: 280:Parliamentary 276: 273: 269: 264: 261: 260: 259: 258: 255: 252: 251: 243: 240: 238: 235: 233: 230: 229: 227: 224: 223: 222: 221: 213: 210: 208: 205: 204: 202: 201: 197: 196: 195: 194: 189: 185: 181: 177: 176: 172: 171: 170: 169: 161: 158: 156: 153: 151: 148: 146: 143: 141: 138: 136: 133: 131: 128: 126: 123: 121: 118: 117: 115: 114: 110: 109: 108: 107: 104: 101: 100: 94: 91: 89: 86: 84: 81: 79: 76: 75: 73: 72: 69: 68:Head of state 66: 65: 62: 59: 58: 54: 50: 49: 44: 40: 33: 19: 3289:Service flag 3066: 2924:Medal ribbon 2895: 2870: 2856:Named after 2749:Architecture 2711:Human rights 2607: 2529: 2483: 2479:Grand master 2462:Post-nominal 2311:Distinctions 2310: 2278:Phaleristics 2144: 2084: 2076: 2068: 2063: 2055: 2050: 2032: 2024: 2020: 2012: 2008: 2004: 1996: 1995:in U. 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Retrieved 1730:The Guardian 1729: 1720: 1683:in post-war 1681:World War II 1660:of medieval 1657: 1603: 1525: 1502: 1457: 1453: 1411: 1398: 1394:DaijĹŤ-daijin 1392: 1380:), which in 1369: 1353: 1337: 1329: 1321: 1313: 1311: 1299: 1280: 1277: 1254: 1243: 1224: 1198: 1183:, currently 1176: 1168: 1152: 1150: 1141: 1104: 1055: 998:Lord Speaker 982: 972: 945: 933: 929: 912: 904: 900: 875: 857: 845: 828:acts as the 821: 815: 789: 781: 775: 760: 751:refers to a 748: 744: 740: 724: 716: 710: 694: 624: 605: 602:Adolf Hitler 581: 578:Nazi Germany 567: 556: 551: 539: 529: 517: 501: 495: 477: 471: 430: 426: 405:cancellarius 396: 395: 330:Presidential 309: 225: 198: 173: 119: 111: 3284:Vexillology 3274:Numismatics 3135:Passage fee 3111:Ceremonies 2893:Grand Cross 2868:For wearing 2615:Grand Lodge 2545:Hospitaller 2527:Grand Cross 2472:By function 2325:By conferee 2299:decorations 2291:numismatics 2232:State Elder 1927:p. 635 1689:Karl Renner 1677:World War I 1644:Jens Bjelke 1612:Middle Ages 1610:during the 1507:Louis XVIII 1418:Nara period 1399:DajĹŤ-daijin 1185:Ăślle Madise 1169:Asekantsler 1119:Mississippi 1107:U.S. states 1090:within the 1052:Hexhamshire 1044:Isle of Ely 956:(after the 848:Rikskansler 745:Chancelaria 741:CancillerĂ­a 669:, Italian: 647:, Italian: 627:Switzerland 616:Switzerland 568:The former 559:Olaf Scholz 427:chancellery 410:cancellarii 310:simul simul 297:Westminster 287:Directorial 18:Chancellors 3395:Categories 3212:Fellowship 3170:Fraternity 3152:Collar day 3113:and events 2957:Collar pin 2779:Philosophy 2769:Literature 2603:Commandery 2484:Chancellor 2382:Commercial 2145:Chancellor 1902:Canon 482 1736:2021-12-08 1713:References 1658:canghellor 1555:chancellor 1534:). In the 1503:chancelier 1429:chancellor 1370:chĂ©ngxiĂ ng 1189:government 1002:Jack Straw 979:High Court 954:precedence 942:Parliament 901:chancellor 798:government 729:Portuguese 665:, French: 643:, French: 631:Chancellor 397:Chancellor 242:Presidency 120:Chancellor 103:Government 3202:Syndicate 3130:Feoffment 3052:Plaquette 2986:Epaulette 2952:Lapel pin 2947:Award pin 2919:Medal bar 2731:Volunteer 2609:Obedience 2593:Bailiwick 2559:Postulant 2535:Commander 2489:Treasurer 2352:Dynasties 2206:Taoiseach 2181:President 1842:"Denmark" 1702:Logothete 1544:Lithuania 1511:Charles X 1458:treasurer 1413:DaijĹŤ-kan 1305:board or 1115:Tennessee 1036:the Crown 749:canciller 725:Chanceler 717:Canciller 676:‹See Tfd› 658:‹See Tfd› 636:‹See Tfd› 598:President 552:Bundestag 533:Bundestag 508:) is the 212:Secretary 188:Secretary 88:President 3306:Nobility 3279:Heraldry 3269:Chivalry 3262:concepts 3260:Related 3161:Related 3142:Festival 3120:Accolade 3006:Campaign 2974:Heraldic 2850:insignia 2824:Scouting 2726:Politics 2678:Civilian 2644:Military 2635:by field 2509:Chaplain 2494:Assessor 2222:Chairman 2040:Archived 1916:for the 1696:See also 1529:Kanclerz 1468:, Khety 1354:zÇŽixiĂ ng 1307:tribunal 1303:judicial 1285:and the 1239:chancery 1161:ministry 1155:Kantsler 1111:Delaware 1070:sinecure 1008:in 1578. 983:de facto 832:for the 679:German: 661:German: 639:German: 435:religion 431:chancery 423:basilica 417:cancelli 275:Republic 263:Monarchy 232:Governor 207:Minister 200:Ministry 51:Part of 3057:Rosette 3011:Service 2979:Pilgrim 2962:Tie pin 2942:Rosette 2914:Necklet 2802:Science 2789:Theatre 2764:History 2741:Culture 2693:Society 2633:Others, 2598:Chapter 2588:Charter 2540:Officer 2499:Bailiff 2403:By type 2366:Private 2176:Premier 2138:Current 2025:Memoirs 1912:In the 1893:252—§1. 1826:5 March 1685:Austria 1666:demesne 1628:provost 1564:In the 1520:In the 1470:Meketre 1443:Imhotep 1358:Chinese 1338:Federal 1316:Kanzler 1259:, each 1255:In the 1248:of the 1231:eparchy 1227:diocese 1147:Estonia 1138:Denmark 1109:, like 1078:cabinet 1046:or the 1032:liberty 802:Cabinet 772:Finland 761:Kanzler 721:Spanish 561:of the 492:Germany 468:Austria 254:Systems 175:Cabinet 145:Premier 78:Monarch 3040:Trophy 3032:Prizes 3001:Button 2991:Ribbon 2888:Collar 2880:Formal 2858:people 2831:Beauty 2819:Sports 2784:Poetry 2564:Squire 2550:Knight 2457:Styles 2451:Titles 2411:Orders 2342:States 2303:medals 2301:, and 2295:orders 2293:about 2215:Former 2071:, 1992 1954:  1675:after 1640:clergy 1616:Bergen 1596:Norway 1540:Poland 1501:. 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