1590:) are acquired in much the same way they are in other countries. Not everyone has one. Most that do received theirs in childhood or adolescence from family or friends. Common Chinese nicknames are those based on a person's physical attributes, speaking style, or behavior. Names involving animals are common, although those animals may be associated with different attributes than they are in English: for example, Chinese cows are strong, not stupid; foxes are devious, not clever; pigs are lazy, but not dirty. Similarly, nicknames that might seem especially insulting in English—such as "Little Fatty" (
2810:
2796:
2824:
2096:(old) does not carry disrespect, offense or any negative implications even if it is used to refer to an older woman. Despite this, it is advisable for non-Chinese to avoid calling a person xiǎo-something or lǎo-something unless they are so-called by other Chinese people and it is clear that the appellation is acceptable and widely used. Otherwise, the use of the person's full name, or alternatively, their surname followed by
2153:; 'Teacher Li'), and commonly by others as a mark of respect. Where applicable, "Teacher Surname" is considered more respectful than "Mr/Mrs/Miss Surname" in Chinese. A professor is also commonly addressed as "teacher", though "professor" is also accepted as a respectful title. By extension, a junior or less experienced member of a work place or profession would address a more senior member as "Teacher".
1119:. Taiwan officially adopted Hanyu Pinyin as one of their romanisation schemes in 2009, although it continues to allow its citizens to use other romanisations on official documents such as passports, of which Hanyu Pinyin remains unpopular. The system is easily identified by its frequent use of letters uncommon in English, such as "q", "x", and "z"; when tones are included, they are noted via
43:
1562:"little") or doubled characters—before a formal name is settled upon, often in consultation with the grandparents. The milk name may be abandoned but is often continued as a form of familial nickname. A tradition sometimes attached to the milk name is to select an unpleasant name, to ward off demons who might wish to harm the child.
323:) which may be either one or two characters in length. In recent decades, two-character given names are much more commonly chosen; studies during the 2000s and 2010s estimated that over three-quarters of China's population at the time had two-character given names, with the remainder almost exclusively having one character.
743:, there are at least 106,000 individual Chinese characters, but as of 2006, in the People's Republic of China Public Security Bureau only approximately 32,000 are supported for computer input and even fewer are in common use. Given names are chosen based on a range of factors, including possession of pleasing sound and
2066:). Personal names can be used when referring to adult friends or to children, although, unlike in the West, referring to somebody by their full name (including surname) is common even among friends, especially if the person's full name is only composed of two or three syllables. It is common to refer to a person as
717:, though the marriage law explicitly states that a child may use either parent's surname. It is also possible, though far less common, for a child to combine both parents' surnames. Due to Western influence, the tradition of a woman changing her last name, or prepending her husband's to her own, is reflected in some
2220:
Beginning in at least 2003, the PRC government has been writing a list of standardized characters for everyday usage in life, which would be the pool of characters to select from when a child is given his or her name. Originally the limits were to go in place in 2005. In April 2009, the list had been
2142:
Whereas titles in many cultures are commonly solely determined by gender and, in some cases, marital status, the occupation or even work title of a person can be used as a title as a sign of respect in common address in
Chinese culture. Because of the prestigious position of a teacher in traditional
1675:
have
English given names as part of their legal names; a further 38.3% of Hongkongers go by English given names even though those are not part of their legal names; the two figures add up to a total of 64.1% of Hongkongers having English names, according to a survey of 2049 respondents in 2015. More
1184:) and by its use of hyphens to connect the syllables of words containing more than one character. Correct reading depends on the inclusion of superscript numbers and the use of apostrophes to distinguish between different consonants, but in practice both of these are commonly omitted. In Wade–Giles,
2228:
linguistics scholar, said that "Using obscure names to avoid duplication of names or to be unique is not good. Now a lot of people are perplexed by their names. The computer cannot even recognize them and people cannot read them. This has become an obstacle in communication." Zhou
Youyong, the dean
1254:
For example, English spelling of the
Chinese first name Ming has many different associated Chinese characters, all of which have different meanings. Therefore, when the name is written in Chinese, a person called Ming can have a completely different name from another person who is also called Ming.
2211:
Because the small number of
Chinese surnames leads to confusion in social environments, and because some Chinese parents have a desire to give individuality, some Chinese have received unusual given names. As of April 2009, about 60 million Chinese people have unusual characters in their names. A
2026:
Within families, it is often considered inappropriate or even offensive to use the given names of relatives who are senior to the speaker. Instead, it is more customary to identify each family member by abstract hierarchical connections: among siblings, gender and birth order (big sister, second
1733:
due to decades of regulation and acculturation. Conversely, the usage of these
Indonesian-sounding Chinese names are not restricted for surnames, and many are used liberally between other surnames since many Indonesian Chinese did not keep track their Chinese (sur)names anymore, and even used by
2216:
stated that of about 55,000 Chinese characters used in the People's
Republic of China, only 32,232 of those are supported by the ministry's computers. The PRC government has asked individuals with unusual names to change them so they can get new computer-readable public identity cards, and the
944:
Depending on the region and particular family, daughters were not entered into the family records and thus did not share the boys' generation name, although they may have borne a separate one among themselves. Even where generation names are not used, sibling names are frequently related. For
1656:, China's college entrance examination. Many Chinese teenagers thus acquire Western names, commonly of English origin, which they may keep and use as nicknames even in Chinese-language contexts. Chinese may adopt English names for a variety of reasons, including foreigners' difficulty with
364:
figures—particularly emperors—used a half-dozen or more different names in different contexts and for different speakers. Those possessing names (sometimes even mere homophones) identical to the emperor's were frequently forced to change them. The normalization of personal names after the
363:
regulating who may or may not use a person's given name (without being disrespectful). In general, using the given name connoted the speaker's authority and superior position to the addressee. Peers and younger relatives were barred from speaking it. Owing to this, many historical
Chinese
1822:
that among adults it is disrespectful to be addressed by one's given name by others within the same generation. The true given name was reserved for the use of one's elders, while the courtesy name was employed by peers on formal occasions and in writing. The practice was decried by the
2030:
The hierarchical titles of junior relatives are seldom used except in formal situations, or as indirect reference when speaking to family members who are even younger than the person in question. Children can be called by their given names, or their parents may use their nicknames.
1709:
tend to place the
English name last to organize lists of names and databases more easily, similar to the Western practice of organizing names with the last name first followed by a comma ("Smith, John"). In Singapore, there is an option to include the Chinese characters on one's
1147:", not "Si Ma Qian" or "Si Maqian". However, as the Chinese language makes almost no use of spaces, native speakers often do not know these rules and simply put a space between each Chinese character of their name, causing those used to alphabetical languages to think of the
849:, it is very uncommon in China to name a child directly after a relative, since such children would permit junior family members to inappropriately use the personal names of senior ones. Ancestors can leave a different kind of mark: Chinese naming schemes often employ a
809:
Given names resonant of qualities which are perceived to be either masculine or feminine are frequently given, with males being linked with strength and firmness and females with beauty and flowers. It is also more common for female names to employ diminutives like
2139:) if they were of senior classes, or simply to show respect or closeness. The opposite (e.g. younger brother Zhao) is rarely used. This custom spawns from traditional forms of respectful address, where it was considered rude to directly address your seniors.
2385:
gets complicated when one has a legal
English given name. For example, a person who has Kuo as his surname, Chi Yung as his Cantonese given name, and Peter as his legal English given name would have his name rendered as "KUO, Chi Yung Peter" on his
2420:
Unlike mainland Chinese, Taiwanese people usually place a dash between the two characters of the given name, similar to Korean names. This is also the case for the standard styling of Hong Kong Chinese names, where the given name is hyphenated.
1142:
as "Wáng Xiùyīng" or without as "Wang Xiuying", but should not be written as "Wang Xiu Ying", "Wang XiuYing", "Wangxiuying", and so on. In the rare cases where a surname consists of more than one character, it too should be written as a unit:
1737:
Among Chinese diaspora residing in Western countries, it is becoming common practice for parents to give their children a Western name as their official first name, with the Chinese given name being officially recorded as a middle name.
1084:
practices. In creating a new Chinese name, it is sometimes the practice to analyze the number of strokes in the characters used in the potential name and attempt to use characters that produce specific totals of strokes.
2092:). Xiǎo is also frequently used as a diminutive, when it is typically paired with the second or only character in a person's name, rather than the surname. Because old people are well respected in Chinese society,
932:
performers: all the students entering a training academy in the same year would adopt the same first character in their new "given name". For example, as part of the class entering the National Drama School in 1933,
1080:; "Olympics") also appear. Owing to both effects, there has also been a recent trend in China to hire fortune tellers to change people's names to new ones more in accordance with traditional Taoist and
2365:
For mainland Chinese, Western publications usually preserve the Chinese naming order, with the family name first, followed by the given name. This presentation of Chinese-character names is similar to those of
1114:
system since 1958. Although experiments with the complete conversion of Chinese to the Pinyin alphabet failed, it remains in common use and has become the transcription system of the United Nations and the
2296:
A traditional practice, now largely supplanted, was choosing deliberately unpleasant given names to ward off bad omens and evil spirits. For example, a boy facing a serious illness might be renamed Ti-sái
2174:. Should the person being addressed be the head of a company (or simply the middle manager of another company to whom you would like to show respect), one might equally address them by the title "zǒng" (
1704:
in either format on their identity cards. In general use, the English name first version is typically preferred as it keeps the correct order for both systems; however, for administrative purposes, the
1680:
are created by modifying normal English names – either by deleting, inserting or substituting specific letters (e.g. Kith, Sonija, Garbie), or by emulating the phonetic sounds of the Chinese name (e.g.
853:. Every child recorded into the family records in each generation would share an identical character in their names. Sixteen, thirty-two, or more generations would be worked out in advance to form a
2332:) to the last syllable of a person's name. Although these names are rarely used in formal contexts, there are a few public figures who are well known by their nicknames, including former president
1685:
from Lee Hak-kan. English aliases are widely used at schools, at work, and in social circles. This is probably due to the influence from the prolonged British rule of Hong Kong from 1841 to 1997.
3431:
755:
may be chosen for each character's separate meaning and qualities, but the name remains a single unit which is almost always said together even when the combination no longer 'means' anything.
2018:
dynasties, emperors had largely dispensed with the practice and kept a single era name during their reign, such that it is customary to refer to Ming and Qing emperors by their era names.
2354:
3853:
5650:
3474:
The total number of strokes of the zhōng gé should equal 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 21, 23, 25, 29, 31, 32, 33, 37, 39, 45, 47, 48, 52, 63, 65, 67, 68, 73, or 81.
713:
Traditionally, a married woman keeps her name unchanged, without adopting her husband's surname. A child would inherit his or her father's surname. This is still the norm in
3557:
1861:) were self-selected alternative courtesy names, most commonly three or four characters long. They may have originated from too many people having the same courtesy name.
774:
was short-lived, the law was not repealed until 400 years later, when northern invasions and interest in establishing lineages revived interest in such longer names. The
3505:
1660:
and better integration of people working in foreign enterprises. Established English names chosen by Chinese may also be those rarely used by native English speakers.
2233:
law school, argued that the ability to choose the name of one's children is a fundamental right, so the PRC government should be careful when making new naming laws.
1813:) either from one's parents, a teacher, or self-selection. The name commonly mirrored the meaning of one's given name or displayed his birth order within his family.
1316:
out of respect and fear. As a result, the upper classes of traditional Chinese culture typically employed a variety of names over the course of their lives, and the
2920:
2236:
While the vast majority of Han Chinese names consist of two or three characters, there are some Han Chinese with longer names, up to 15 characters. In addition,
2278:. The popularity distribution of family names in Taiwan as a whole differs somewhat from the distribution of names among all Han Chinese, with the family name
1251:
It is common for many different Chinese names to have the same transliteration when tone is not marked (and therefore come from different Chinese characters).
1330:
When discussing Chinese writers, Chinese and Japanese scholars do not consistently use particular names, whether they are private names or alternative names.
1192:, as the system hyphenates names between the characters. For example, Wang Xiuying and Sima Qian are written in Wade as "Wang Hsiu-ying" and "SsuMa Ch'ien".
920:
This scheme was in its fourteenth generation when Mao rejected it for the naming of his own children, preferring to give his sons the generational name An (
2394:
might be varied as "KUO Chi Yung Peter" or "KUO Chi Yung, Peter" on court papers. His name is much more likely to be printed as Peter Kuo Chi-yung (with a
1134:
means treating the surname and given name as precisely two separate words with no spaces between the letters of multiple Chinese characters. For example, "
3836:
For Hong Kong Chinese names, our preferred style is: Peter Tai-man Chan or Peter T. M. Chan. If personal preferences are known, they should be retained.
3418:
3850:"Chinese mainland given names are one word only, as in (Deng) Xiaoping. Hong Kong Chinese and Korean given names are hyphenated, as in (Roh) Tae-woo. "
3259:
2305:"Pig Shit") to indicate to the evil spirits that he was not worth their trouble. Similarly, a girl from a poor family might have the name Bóng-chī (
1696:, it is equally acceptable for Western names to appear before or after the Chinese given name, in Latin characters. Thus, the Singaporean President
334:) by which they were known among those outside their family and closest friends. Respected artists or poets will sometimes also use a professional
5099:
3535:
2837:
1521:
4767:
4690:
3903:
4979:
4511:
2271:
2249:
1116:
758:
Today, two-character names are more common and make up more than 80% of Chinese names. However, this custom has been consistent only since the
3461:
841:
It is also considered bad form to name a child after a famous person, although tens of thousands might happen to share a common name such as "
739:
Given names show much greater diversity than the surnames, while still being restricted almost universally to one or two syllables. Including
368:
has generally eradicated aliases such as the school name and courtesy name but traces of the old taboos remain, particularly within families.
4589:
2225:
3851:
3813:
3661:
3115:
1896:) were honorary names selected after a person's death, used extensively for royalty. The common "names" of most Chinese emperors before the
2010:
as means of dispensing with bad luck and attracting better. Almost all era names were literary and employed exactly two characters. By the
722:
3082:
5230:
3790:
3175:
3152:
2119:
Within school settings and when addressing former classmates, it is common to refer to them as older siblings, e.g. elder brother Zhao (
1946:
often differed from his posthumous name. The structure eventually became highly restricted, consisting of a single adjective and either
4695:
3315:
3034:
In our sample, the first names of 53779 (24.25%) persons contain only one character and the others (167960, 75.75%) have two characters
3281:
1706:
2754:) to pronounce the Chinese characters. Local readings are often written in katakana rather than kanji, but not always. For example,
2027:
sister, and so on); for the extended family, the manner of relationship (by birth or marriage; from the maternal or paternal side).
4042:
3369:
2178:), which means "general" or "overall", and is the first character of titles such as "Director General" or "general manager" (e.g.
1207:
communities in southeast Asia and abroad, people often romanize their names according to their own native language, for example,
3877:
3768:"Transfers from the Labour Tribunal and Procedural Problems in the Supreme Court - Dataprep (H.K.) Ltd. v. Peter Kuo Chi-yung".
2156:
Similarly, engineers are often addressed as such, though often shortened to simply the first character of the word "engineer" –
635:
did not originate from families, but denoted fiefs, states, and titles granted or recognized by the Shang court. Apart from the
3926:
3565:
3487:
3395:
783:
3992:
3635:
3611:
3501:
2237:
682:
with one another, but actually consist of many different lineages gathered under a single name. As an example, the surname
5516:
5363:
2378:
and a single given name, the western name order may add to the complication of confusing the surname and the given name.
1711:
1327:
Current naming practices are more straightforward and consistent, but a few pseudonyms or alternate names remain common.
539:", and a mere hundred surnames still make up over 85% of China's 1.3 billion citizens. In fact, just the top three—
5035:
4937:
3285:
2374:, which are usually reversed in English so they are family name last. For people with just a single given name or with
2258:
family names in Taiwan are similar to those in southeast China, as most families trace their origins to places such as
1650:
English is taught throughout China's secondary schools and the English language section is a required component of the
1524:
grant the parents a month before requiring the baby to be registered. Upon birth, the parents often use a "milk name" (
1081:
483:), and the modern concept of a "surname" or "family name" did not yet exist at any level of society. The old lineage (
2034:
When speaking of non-family social acquaintances, people are generally referred to by a title, for example Mother Li (
3739:
3603:
3352:
3225:
2286:) being particularly more common (about 11% in Taiwan, compared to about 3% in China). Local variations also exist.
1243:. It is common practice for the Chinese diaspora communities to use spaces in between each character of their name.
5645:
5521:
5368:
495:) began to become "family names" in the modern sense and trickle down to commoners around 500 BC, during the late
5437:
2925:
2188:), or, if they are slightly lower down on the corporate hierarchy but nonetheless a manager, by affixing Jīnglǐ (
1700:
might see his name written as "Tony Tan Keng Yam" or "Tan Keng Yam Tony". Individuals are free to register their
575:
is mostly restricted to minority groups. The most common compound surname still in use in ethnic Han families is
3984:
2213:
2035:
197:
5655:
5084:
5071:
4652:
1309:
296:, but they would be spelled differently due to their varying historical pronunciation of Chinese characters.
232:
17:
3694:
4788:
4415:
4367:
4035:
1923:
1321:
958:
3249:
4893:
4093:
2734:
In the Japanese language, Chinese names can be pronounced either approximating the original Chinese, the
2325:
1022:
More recently, although generation names have become less common, many personal names reflect periods of
626:
143:
3527:
1638:
for usage). Nicknames are rarely used in formal or semi-formal settings, although a famous exception is
5182:
4443:
4164:
3980:
3824:
3591:
1730:
740:
4014:
822:. People from the countryside previously often bore names that reflect rural life—for example, Daniu (
5791:
5625:
5494:
3899:
2375:
1987:
1943:
1317:
1299:
2997:
1864:
Some—but by no means most—authors do continue to employ stylized pen names. One example is the poet
5596:
5452:
4989:
4278:
3976:
3614:. "Chinese and Japanese scholars are not consistent in using the various names of Chinese writers."
3457:
969:
572:
496:
1904:—are their posthumous ones. In addition to emperors, successful courtiers and politicians such as
1594:)—are more acceptable in Chinese. One especially common method of creating nicknames is prefixing
5801:
5765:
5335:
4028:
3907:
3828:
3652:
3107:
2714:
2387:
1104:
1098:
1027:
536:
4667:
5786:
5353:
5262:
5029:
4900:
4757:
4386:
3074:
1236:
289:
3787:
3215:
1235:, and so forth. In Macau, Chinese names are similarly sometimes still transliterated based on
5104:
4149:
3595:
3343:
3307:
3189:
3142:
2217:
diversity prevents them from receiving new identity cards if they do not change their names.
1760:
1169:
814:
or doubled characters in their formal names, although there are famous male examples such as
695:
567:)—cover more than 20% of the population. This homogeneity results from the great majority of
2722:
by the family name with no inversion and no comma, unless it is of a Chinese person who has
5392:
5124:
4859:
3009:
2780:), with a local reading (which may also be considered a post-Tōsō-on reading), rather than
2267:
2230:
2206:
1341:
403:, members of the Chinese nobility could possess up to four different names—personal names (
2623:
Known by their initialized Western ordering names and/or native non-Mandarin romanization
8:
5752:
5489:
5479:
5402:
5377:
4700:
4434:
4410:
3021:
2966:
1824:
1693:
1545:
842:
763:
365:
276:
world. Sometimes the same set of Chinese characters could be chosen as a Chinese name, a
3957:
3013:
2002:) arose from the custom of dating years by the reigns of the ruling emperors. Under the
1734:
non-Chinese people (with some names being borrowing from regional languages and names).
928:"Lofty", "Proud") instead. A similar practice was observed regarding the stage names of
5796:
5615:
5558:
5322:
5002:
4795:
4677:
4357:
4331:
4207:
4098:
3968:
3660:. Hong Kong: Social Sciences Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong. p. 29.
3625:
3373:
3365:
3254:
2876:
1726:
1208:
734:
548:
5701:
5467:
4956:
4836:
4230:
4196:
4191:
3988:
3949:
3869:
3735:
3631:
3607:
3599:
3348:
3221:
3025:
2978:
2289:
Given names that consist of one character are much less common in Taiwan than on the
1697:
1689:
1055:
1031:
703:
599:
583:
181:
173:
3387:
499:, but the process took several centuries to complete, and it was not until the late
5586:
5462:
5457:
5358:
5279:
5176:
4844:
4813:
4720:
4579:
4300:
3941:
3426:
3017:
2898:
2719:
2157:
1983:
1939:
1722:
1204:
1196:
1023:
782:
saw populations with a majority of two-character names for the first time, but the
102:
53:
4020:
531:) in use in China, the colloquial expression for the "Chinese people" is Bǎixìng (
5591:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5432:
5397:
5348:
5306:
5272:
5200:
5077:
4984:
4826:
4803:
4762:
4516:
4476:
4288:
3857:
3794:
3729:
2940:
2903:
2881:
2859:
2795:
2410:
1881:
1313:
1295:
1200:
1161:
as three words instead of two. Tone marks are also commonly omitted in practice.
854:
850:
803:
636:
556:
518:
512:
293:
2143:
culture, a teacher is invariably addressed as such by his or her students (e.g.
5484:
5447:
5326:
5318:
5257:
5249:
5225:
5215:
5147:
5091:
5056:
4932:
4914:
4864:
4604:
4539:
4483:
4159:
4084:
3211:
2649:
2642:
2406:
2382:
2371:
2333:
2290:
2279:
1668:
1639:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1165:
747:, as well as bearing positive associations or a beautiful shape. Two-character
718:
714:
540:
277:
157:
1054:, it used to be common to incorporate one of the four characters of the name "
973:, a novel mirroring the rise and decline of the Qing dynasty, there is Zheng (
5780:
5474:
5382:
5301:
5190:
5171:
5156:
5061:
5024:
4907:
4874:
4854:
4777:
4752:
4747:
4734:
4705:
4662:
4599:
4506:
4491:
4462:
4375:
4169:
4051:
3953:
3029:
2982:
2930:
2886:
2829:
2615:
2414:
1818:
1788:
1657:
1042:; 'strong nation', ' strengthening the nation') or Dongfeng (
929:
815:
744:
644:
615:
356:
327:
281:
269:
265:
3945:
2116:; 'madam') is relatively neutral and unlikely to cause offense.
1793:
Upon maturity, it was common for educated males to acquire a courtesy name (
5740:
5728:
5678:
5672:
5667:
5526:
5220:
5166:
5161:
5114:
5048:
4974:
4964:
4943:
4887:
4821:
4772:
4634:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4584:
4559:
4549:
4237:
4055:
3799:
2854:
2815:
2462:
2367:
2275:
2015:
2011:
1971:
1967:
1897:
1865:
1305:
1291:
1189:
1164:
Many overseas Chinese, Taiwanese and historic names still employ the older
1111:
1103:
The process of converting Chinese names into a phonetic alphabet is called
846:
787:
779:
775:
759:
683:
400:
360:
225:
109:
71:
4009:
1756:) was a separate formal name used by the child while they were at school.
1520:
Traditionally, babies were named a hundred days after their birth; modern
5713:
5635:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5205:
5119:
5109:
4969:
4927:
4922:
4739:
4715:
4657:
4624:
4594:
4574:
4569:
4544:
4534:
4501:
4496:
4312:
4293:
4247:
4242:
4123:
2935:
2908:
2801:
2678:
2671:
2557:
2532:
2358:
2255:
2007:
2003:
1917:
1905:
1901:
1677:
795:
771:
657:
have nearly disappeared but the terms ironically reversed their meaning.
568:
500:
285:
2353:
1219:. This occurs amid a plethora of competing romanization systems. During
5706:
5689:
5630:
5610:
5267:
5195:
5142:
5138:
5066:
4882:
4849:
4782:
4685:
4629:
4451:
4405:
4362:
4317:
4268:
4201:
4181:
4144:
4118:
4074:
4069:
2842:
2590:
1701:
1682:
1672:
1304:
From their earliest recorded history, the Chinese observed a number of
858:
791:
310:
2413:
and Singaporean Chinese names usually expressed in three parts (e.g.,
1168:
system. This English-based system can be identified by its use of the
5718:
5605:
5581:
5343:
5235:
4995:
4710:
4393:
4327:
4273:
4220:
4215:
4088:
3910:. Retrieved on 23 December 2014. p. 25-26 (PDF document p. 27-28/56).
3430:, Conference on Chinese Oral and Performing Literature, p. 225,
3419:"2010 Commemorations of the Theatrical Careers of Cao Yu and Li Yuru"
2703:
2263:
2248:"Taiwanese name" redirects here. For indigenous Taiwanese names, see
1718:
1432:
1414:
1144:
1139:
1120:
954:
767:
273:
190:
3220:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard Univ. Asia Center. p. 375.
1769:
in Chinese, the school name is also sometimes now referenced as the
790:
afterward both preferred single character names. The restoration of
503:(1st and 2nd centuries AD) that all Chinese commoners had surnames.
376:
Although some terms from the ancient Chinese naming system, such as
5735:
5723:
5684:
5662:
5553:
5442:
5387:
5210:
5009:
4469:
4422:
4381:
4352:
4340:
4283:
4263:
4225:
4186:
2871:
1836:
1240:
819:
707:
702:, descendants of his subjects in his fief of Mafu, Koreans from an
699:
335:
211:
123:
2967:"Given names in China: one-character or two-character given names"
1332:
571:
family names having only one character, while the small number of
5576:
5548:
5016:
4644:
4399:
4305:
4154:
4128:
4079:
3686:
2499:
1212:
934:
762:. About 70% of all names were only one character long during the
679:
326:
Prior to the 21st century, most educated Chinese men also used a
4346:
1262:
share the same form between simplified and traditional Chinese.
706:, and Muslims from all over western China who chose it to honor
5745:
5620:
4730:
4176:
2395:
2259:
2165:
2057:
2043:
1652:
1131:
1110:
In mainland China, Chinese names have been romanized using the
1094:
1051:
576:
3651:
Bacon-Shone, John; Bolton, Kingsley; Luke, Kang Kwong (2015).
5695:
5424:
5410:
5406:
2391:
2337:
2221:
revised 70 times, and it still has not been put into effect.
1503:
Used only to distinguish years of royalty or Emperor's reigns
887:
And study & method will expand the borders of our fortune
299:
Modern Chinese names generally have a one-character surname (
237:
1610:) to the surname or the second character of the given name.
1034:, many Chinese bore "revolutionary names" such as Qiangguo (
957:'). In some families, the siblings' names have the same
3217:
Muslim Chinese: Ethnic Nationalism in the People's Republic
3054:
2238:
transliteration of ethnic languages into Chinese characters
799:
42:
3044:
3042:
1195:
Pinyin and Wade–Giles both represent the pronunciation of
857:. For example, the one selected in 1737 for the family of
396:), are still used today, it used to be much more complex.
3502:"ISO 7098:1982 – Documentation – Romanization of Chinese"
1246:
216:
202:
2921:
Indonesian-sounding names adopted by Chinese Indonesians
2401:
1966:). These common "names" of the emperors between the
3039:
2082:, young) followed by their family name, thus Lǎo Wáng (
1072:) into masculine names. Periodic fad names like Aoyun (
877:
Stand tall & display unstintingly before gentlemen,
399:
In the first half of the 1st millennium BC, during the
2996:
Guo, Jin-Zhong; Chen, Qing-Hua; Wang, You-Gui (2011).
1223:, some adopted English spelling conventions for their
949:; 'pine tree') might have a sister named Mei (
770:
banned all two-character names outright. Although his
3709:
3650:
1816:
The practice was a consequence of admonitions in the
838:"Big Pole")—but such names are becoming less common.
178:
162:
148:
128:
114:
3654:
Language use, proficiency and attitudes in Hong Kong
3558:"Government to improve English-friendly environment"
2791:
2398:) or Peter Kuo on newspapers and academic journals.
2324:, "child names") are common and generally adopt the
1663:
1437:
Sun Yat-sen (English, 1883, Hong Kong and the West)
898:
Ancestral favors bequeath kindness through the ages,
4050:
3900:
Indexes: A Chapter from The Chicago Manual of Style
3364:
1645:
937:adopted a name with the central character "jade" (
4017:, article on superstitions about names from China
3174:Wu Jie (武洁); Yang Jianchun (杨建春) (23 June 2014).
439:)— as well as up to two titles: standard titles (
5778:
3731:Chinese American Names: Tradition and Transition
3687:"NOTABLE NAMES (Brilliant Funny Weird Monikers)"
3344:Chinese American Names: Tradition and Transition
1729:in Indonesia and in diaspora has mostly adopted
908:Descendants forever obliged for their prosperity
1731:Indonesian-sounding variations of Chinese names
4015:Can Names Bring Good Fortune? - NamepediA Blog
3458:"Choosing a Chinese Name by Number of Strokes"
3210:
2915:Other links and influences from Chinese names:
2775:
2765:
2755:
2749:
2744:) of the characters, or using a Sino-Japanese
2739:
2250:Naming customs of Taiwanese indigenous peoples
1908:also occasionally received posthumous titles.
1614:is more common in the south and abroad, while
1440:
1117:International Organization for Standardization
4036:
3308:"Name Not on Our List? Change It, China Says"
2838:Naming laws in the People's Republic of China
2686:
2657:
2628:
2598:
2573:
2543:
2518:
2513:Known by native non-Mandarin romanised names
2488:
2454:
2226:China Youth University for Political Sciences
2087:
1808:
1798:
1764:
1522:naming laws in the People's Republic of China
1155:
1148:
1014:
1008:
1002:
996:
986:
962:
902:
892:
881:
871:
749:
670:
664:
658:
652:
630:
609:
597:
490:
484:
478:
462:
449:
440:
431:
422:
413:
404:
387:
377:
58:
3528:"Hanyu Pinyin to be standard system in 2009"
1026:. For example, following the victory of the
766:and that rose beyond 98% after the usurping
2998:"Statistical distribution of Chinese names"
2995:
2764:using an On'yomi reading, whereas Beijing (
2417:), with spacing between their given names.
4043:
4029:
3754:Dataprep (HK) Ltd v. KUO Chi Yung Peter ,
3455:
3305:
3250:"For Chinese Women, a Surname Is Her Name"
3075:"Wang is the most common surname in China"
678:The enormous modern clans sometimes share
477:Commoners possessed only a personal name (
41:
3967:
3550:
3520:
3108:"Chinese surname shortage sparks rethink"
3060:
3048:
2390:, however, the position and the use of a
1671:often feature an English alias. 25.8% of
1050:; 'eastern wind'). Similarly, on
582:Chinese surnames arose from two separate
3748:
3137:
3135:
3133:
2964:
2352:
1721:, one of the countries with the largest
517:Although there are currently over 6,000
3479:
3072:
2770:) is spelled with kanji but pronounced
1138:" is properly rendered either with its
845:". Similarly, owing to the traditional
794:dominance under the Ming, promotion of
14:
5779:
3827:. July 2014. p. 7. Archived from
3623:
3488:The Chinese Language: Fact and Fantasy
3337:
3335:
3333:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3295:
3247:
3066:
2622:
2568:Known by their Western ordering names
2567:
2512:
2478:
2448:
2370:; it differs from the presentation of
2343:
2328:practice of affixing the prefix "A-" (
1308:, avoiding the names of their elders,
1247:Different names with the same spelling
180:
4024:
3924:
3727:
3715:
3130:
3118:from the original on 20 February 2012
2784:(which would be the Kan-on reading).
2449:Known by their Mainland pinyin names
2402:Hyphen or Spacing between given names
1635:
1272:銘(铭)(meaning: poetic motto, inscribe)
3880:from the original on 18 October 2017
3788:Guardian and Observer style guide: C
3761:
3697:from the original on 9 November 2016
3398:from the original on 1 December 2022
3306:Lafraniere, Sharon (21 April 2009).
3262:from the original on 8 November 2020
3102:
3100:
1285:
806:established the current traditions.
669:surnames which replaced them, while
521:including non-Han Chinese surnames (
430:), and "style" or "courtesy" names (
3564:. 18 September 2008. Archived from
3538:from the original on 25 August 2011
3416:
3330:
3318:from the original on 15 August 2017
3292:
3274:
2893:Kinds of Chinese monarchical names:
2424:
2021:
1712:National Registration Identity Card
359:, the Chinese observed a number of
24:
3667:from the original on 27 March 2019
3286:Dictionary of Chinese Variant Form
3173:
3085:from the original on 8 August 2019
1938:) of the emperor inscribed on the
1875:
1676:unusual names made and adopted by
1494:Used only for royalty and Emperors
1337:Chinese names for prominent people
675:is used to refer to maiden names.
309:) that comes first, followed by a
25:
5813:
4003:
3630:. The Berkeley Publishing Group.
3508:from the original on 3 March 2016
3464:from the original on 26 July 2019
3437:from the original on 23 June 2016
3248:Tatlow, Didi (11 November 2016).
3097:
2723:
2006:, the practice began of changing
1664:English alias in Chinese diaspora
1618:is common throughout China. Both
985:) in the first generation, Lian (
4691:Democratic Republic of the Congo
3728:Louie, Emma Woo (9 March 2019).
3588:Sourcebook in Chinese Philosophy
3155:from the original on 29 May 2019
3151:(in Chinese). 12 December 2007.
3073:Butcher, Asa (31 January 2019).
2822:
2808:
2794:
2200:
1827:and has been largely abandoned.
1782:
1266:明 (meaning: bright, intelligent)
47:"Xingming" in Chinese characters
3892:
3862:
3841:
3806:
3803:. Retrieved on 1 November 2017.
3780:
3721:
3679:
3644:
3617:
3580:
3494:
3449:
3410:
3380:
3358:
3241:
2926:List of common Chinese surnames
1900:—with the pointed exception of
1868:, whose pen name is "Bei Dao" (
1646:English alias in mainland China
1497:
1488:
1203:. In Hong Kong, Macau, and the
619:
506:
238:
217:
203:
3985:Harvard University Asia Center
3204:
3177:张、王、李、赵谁最多——2010年人口普查姓氏结构和分布特点
3167:
3022:10.1088/1674-1056/20/11/118901
2989:
2958:
2729:
2687:
2658:
2629:
2599:
2574:
2544:
2519:
2489:
2455:
2214:Chinese public security bureau
2189:
2184:
2179:
2175:
2170:
2149:
2135:
2130:
2129:) or e.g. elder sister Zhang (
2125:
2108:
2098:
2088:
2062:
2048:
2039:
1998:
1958:
1948:
1934:
1929:
1911:
1892:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1771:
1752:
1741:
1586:
1576:
1554:
1540:
1530:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1059:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1015:
1009:
1003:
997:
987:
963:
903:
893:
882:
872:
728:
694:) includes descendants of the
691:
687:
618:court and always included the
588:
564:
560:
527:
471:
467:
458:
454:
355:From at least the time of the
348:
343:
339:
319:
305:
179:
163:
149:
130:
129:
115:
59:
13:
1:
3973:Chinese History: A New Manual
3598:. Retrieved on 1 April 2012.
2946:
2849:Kinds of Chinese group-names:
2361:abided the Chinese word order
2348:
2240:often results in long names.
2195:
614:were clans of royalty at the
3144:我国汉族公民最长姓名达15字 公安部:起名不规范会有不便
2951:
1924:Ancestor veneration in China
1830:
1515:
663:is now used to describe the
352:) among their social peers.
7:
3456:Qiu Gui Su (8 March 2019).
3370:"中国1.8万多人姓名为刘翔 叫刘德华的人逾1.6万"
2787:
2760:(Mao Zedong) is pronounced
2106:; 'mister') or
1977:
1872:; 'North Island').
1809:
1799:
1765:
1565:
1156:
1149:
1088:
961:. For example, in the Jia (
945:example, a boy named Song (
750:
671:
665:
659:
653:
631:
610:
598:
491:
485:
479:
463:
450:
441:
432:
423:
414:
405:
388:
378:
10:
5818:
5354:Imperial, royal, and noble
3981:Harvard-Yenching Institute
3917:
3825:Hong Kong University Press
3592:Greenwood Publishing Group
3341:Woo Louie, Emma & al.
3188:(6): 22–23. Archived from
2247:
2204:
1981:
1921:
1915:
1879:
1834:
1786:
1779:) to avoid confusion.
1404:Christian (baptised) name:
1386:
1289:
1278:命 (meaning: life, destiny)
1127:is written as Máo Zédōng.
1092:
1001:) in the second, and Yun (
732:
510:
448:), and posthumous titles (
371:
5761:
5569:
5541:
5438:Imperial, royal and noble
5423:
5334:
5315:
5248:
5137:
5047:
4955:
4873:
4835:
4812:
4729:
4676:
4643:
4558:
4525:
4442:
4431:
4326:
4256:
4137:
4111:
4062:
3925:Power, John (June 2008).
3856:24 September 2017 at the
3355:. Accessed 22 March 2012.
2776:
2766:
2756:
2750:
2740:
2357:The English signature of
2329:
2317:
2306:
2298:
2283:
2243:
2161:
2144:
2120:
2113:
2103:
2083:
2079:
2071:
2053:
1993:
1988:Table of Chinese monarchs
1963:
1953:
1944:imperial ancestral temple
1887:
1869:
1842:
1804:
1794:
1776:
1747:
1631:
1607:
1599:
1591:
1581:
1571:
1549:
1535:
1525:
1483:
1460:
1448:
1441:
1426:
1408:
1396:
1376:
1364:
1352:
1335:
1300:Table of Chinese monarchs
1232:
1228:
1185:
1135:
1124:
992:
982:
978:
974:
950:
946:
938:
921:
831:
823:
651:) families, the original
648:
640:
605:
593:
552:
544:
532:
522:
445:
436:
427:
418:
409:
393:
383:
331:
314:
300:
268:used by individuals from
255:
231:
224:
210:
196:
189:
172:
156:
142:
122:
108:
101:
96:
92:
84:
80:
70:
66:
52:
40:
36:
31:
4279:Maiden and married names
4010:What is the Chinese name
3977:Cambridge, Massachusetts
3793:22 November 2021 at the
3181:
3176:
3143:
2866:Kinds of personal names:
970:Dream of the Red Chamber
497:Spring and Autumn period
5766:Category:Lists of names
3946:10.3828/indexer.2008.29
3908:Chicago Manual of Style
3624:Norman, Teresa (2003).
2715:Chicago Manual of Style
2483:their Wade–Giles names
2411:Malaysian Chinese names
2388:Hong Kong identity card
1974:are their temple ones.
1841:Pseudonyms or aliases (
1626:are distinguished from
1269:名 (meaning: reputation)
1099:Romanization of Chinese
830:"Big Bull") and Dazhu (
704:unrelated confederation
272:and other parts of the
4696:Eritrean and Ethiopian
3834:on 24 September 2017.
3691:hksarblog.blogspot.com
2724:adopted a Western name
2481:(or by derivatives of)
2438:Mandarin (Wade–Giles)
2362:
2272:to adopt Chinese names
2270:have also been forced
1544:)—typically employing
1237:Portuguese orthography
290:Malaysian Chinese name
5626:Galton–Watson process
5231:Ancient Tamil country
4653:Australian Aboriginal
3848:Telegraph style book
3770:Hong Kong Law Journal
3756:Hong Kong Law Reports
3627:A World of Baby Names
3534:. 18 September 2008.
3282:Ministry of Education
2965:Zhonghua, Li (2005).
2356:
1761:binomial nomenclature
1221:British colonial rule
802:, and development of
786:between them and the
5393:Post-nominal letters
4512:Indigenous Taiwanese
3963:on 30 November 2010.
3568:on 19 September 2008
3376:on 24 December 2013.
2971:Onomastica Canadiana
2718:, Chinese names are
2650:V. K. Wellington Koo
2274:as part of enforced
2268:Indigenous Taiwanese
2231:Southeast University
2207:Naming laws in China
5753:Surnames by country
5378:Pre-nominal letters
4435:Surnames by country
3969:Wilkinson, Endymion
3392:maoshijiazuwang.com
3347:. McFarland, 2008.
3280:The 2004 Taiwanese
3063:, pp. 113–115.
3014:2011ChPhB..20k8901G
2344:Rendered in English
2212:2006 report by the
1825:May Fourth Movement
1707:government agencies
1429:, 1883, Hong Kong)
1411:, 1883, Hong Kong)
1322:sanctified deceased
1281:鳴(鸣)(meaning: sing)
1176:) and "ts" (pinyin
366:May Fourth Movement
5616:Endonym and exonym
5559:Calendar of saints
5542:Related traditions
5316:Manners of address
4678:Sub-Saharan Africa
4099:Nobiliary particle
3368:(15 August 2007).
3366:Legal Evening News
3312:The New York Times
3255:The New York Times
3192:on 19 January 2015
2877:Chinese given name
2435:Mandarin (Pinyin)
2381:The word order of
2363:
1886:Posthumous names (
1727:Indonesian Chinese
1445:, 1897, Japanese)
1324:had still others.
735:Chinese given name
489:) and clan names (
421:), lineage names (
330:(or "style name";
88:surname–given name
5774:
5773:
5702:Personal identity
5537:
5536:
5244:
5243:
5185:
5133:
5132:
5094:
5087:
5080:
5038:
5019:
5012:
5005:
4998:
4946:
4917:
4910:
4903:
4896:
4798:
4791:
4486:
4479:
4472:
4465:
4257:By life situation
4210:
3994:978-0-674-06715-8
3637:978-0-399-52894-1
3612:978-1-4008-0964-6
3586:Chan, Wing-tsit.
3485:DeFrancis, John.
3417:Li Ruru (2010b),
3289:compiled 106,230.
3002:Chinese Physics B
2712:According to the
2710:
2709:
2482:
2444:Western ordering
2376:compound surnames
2312:
2304:
1940:spiritual tablets
1928:The temple name (
1746:The school name (
1561:
1513:
1512:
1509:
1384:Caricatural name:
1286:Alternative names
1056:Republic of China
927:
837:
829:
573:compound surnames
259:
258:
251:
250:
198:Yale Romanization
103:Standard Mandarin
16:(Redirected from
5809:
5792:Chinese language
5587:Anthropomorphism
5332:
5331:
5280:Buddhist surname
5181:
5090:
5083:
5076:
5036:Hispanic America
5034:
5015:
5008:
5001:
4994:
4942:
4913:
4906:
4901:African-American
4899:
4892:
4810:
4809:
4794:
4787:
4758:Ashkenazi Jewish
4563:and Western Asia
4528:and Central Asia
4482:
4475:
4468:
4461:
4440:
4439:
4301:Placeholder name
4206:
4150:Double-barrelled
4045:
4038:
4031:
4022:
4021:
3998:
3964:
3962:
3956:. Archived from
3931:
3927:"Japanese names"
3911:
3896:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3885:
3866:
3860:
3845:
3839:
3838:
3833:
3821:www.hkupress.org
3818:
3810:
3804:
3784:
3778:
3777:
3765:
3759:
3752:
3746:
3745:
3725:
3719:
3713:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3702:
3683:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3672:
3666:
3659:
3648:
3642:
3641:
3621:
3615:
3594:, 1 March 2002.
3584:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3573:
3554:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3543:
3524:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3513:
3498:
3492:
3483:
3477:
3476:
3471:
3469:
3453:
3447:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3436:
3427:CHINOPERL Papers
3423:
3414:
3408:
3407:
3405:
3403:
3384:
3378:
3377:
3372:. Archived from
3362:
3356:
3339:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3303:
3290:
3278:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3245:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3208:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3171:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3139:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3104:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3070:
3064:
3061:Wilkinson (2012)
3058:
3052:
3049:Wilkinson (2012)
3046:
3037:
3036:
2993:
2987:
2986:
2962:
2899:Chinese era name
2832:
2827:
2826:
2825:
2818:
2813:
2812:
2811:
2804:
2799:
2798:
2779:
2778:
2769:
2768:
2759:
2758:
2753:
2752:
2743:
2742:
2690:
2689:
2661:
2660:
2632:
2631:
2602:
2601:
2577:
2576:
2547:
2546:
2522:
2521:
2492:
2491:
2480:
2458:
2457:
2429:
2428:
2425:Comparison chart
2331:
2326:Southern Chinese
2319:
2310:
2308:
2302:
2300:
2285:
2224:Wang Daliang, a
2191:
2186:
2181:
2177:
2172:
2163:
2151:
2146:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2091:
2090:
2086:) or Xiǎo Zhān (
2085:
2081:
2073:
2064:
2055:
2050:
2041:
2022:Forms of address
2000:
1995:
1984:Chinese era name
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1936:
1931:
1894:
1889:
1871:
1859:
1854:
1851:) or pen names (
1849:
1844:
1812:
1806:
1802:
1796:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1754:
1749:
1725:population, the
1723:Chinese diaspora
1633:
1609:
1601:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1559:
1556:
1551:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1504:
1501:
1495:
1492:
1484:
1462:
1456:Posthumous name:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1431:= Syūn Yahtsīn (
1428:
1413:= Syūn Yahtsān (
1410:
1398:
1378:
1366:
1354:
1333:
1275:茗 (meaning: tea)
1234:
1230:
1187:
1159:
1152:
1137:
1126:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1061:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1019:) in the third.
1018:
1017:
1012:
1011:
1006:
1005:
1000:
999:
994:
990:
989:
984:
980:
976:
966:
965:
952:
948:
940:
925:
923:
906:
905:
896:
895:
885:
884:
875:
874:
835:
833:
827:
825:
804:generation names
753:
698:–era bureaucrat
693:
689:
674:
668:
662:
656:
650:
642:
634:
625:
621:
613:
608:). The original
607:
603:
595:
590:
586:traditions: the
566:
562:
554:
546:
537:Hundred Surnames
534:
529:
524:
519:Chinese surnames
494:
488:
482:
473:
469:
466:
460:
456:
453:
447:
444:
438:
435:
429:
426:
420:
417:
411:
408:
395:
391:
385:
381:
350:
345:
341:
333:
321:
316:
307:
302:
247:
246:
220:
219:
206:
205:
185:
184:
183:
168:
167:
166:
152:
151:
138:
137:
136:
134:
118:
117:
94:
93:
62:
61:
45:
29:
28:
21:
5817:
5816:
5812:
5811:
5810:
5808:
5807:
5806:
5777:
5776:
5775:
5770:
5757:
5592:Personification
5565:
5533:
5419:
5321:
5317:
5311:
5307:Theophoric name
5240:
5145:
5129:
5043:
4951:
4869:
4831:
4808:
4737:
4725:
4672:
4639:
4562:
4554:
4527:
4521:
4433:
4427:
4322:
4289:Posthumous name
4252:
4133:
4107:
4058:
4049:
4006:
4001:
3995:
3960:
3929:
3920:
3915:
3914:
3897:
3893:
3883:
3881:
3870:"Chinese names"
3868:
3867:
3863:
3858:Wayback Machine
3846:
3842:
3831:
3816:
3812:
3811:
3807:
3795:Wayback Machine
3785:
3781:
3767:
3766:
3762:
3753:
3749:
3742:
3726:
3722:
3718:, p. C4-2.
3714:
3710:
3700:
3698:
3685:
3684:
3680:
3670:
3668:
3664:
3657:
3649:
3645:
3638:
3622:
3618:
3585:
3581:
3571:
3569:
3556:
3555:
3551:
3541:
3539:
3526:
3525:
3521:
3511:
3509:
3500:
3499:
3495:
3484:
3480:
3467:
3465:
3454:
3450:
3440:
3438:
3434:
3421:
3415:
3411:
3401:
3399:
3386:
3385:
3381:
3363:
3359:
3340:
3331:
3321:
3319:
3304:
3293:
3279:
3275:
3265:
3263:
3246:
3242:
3232:
3230:
3228:
3209:
3205:
3195:
3193:
3183:
3178:
3172:
3168:
3158:
3156:
3145:
3141:
3140:
3131:
3121:
3119:
3114:. 19 May 2007.
3106:
3105:
3098:
3088:
3086:
3071:
3067:
3059:
3055:
3047:
3040:
2994:
2990:
2963:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2941:Vietnamese name
2904:Posthumous name
2882:Chinese surname
2860:Generation name
2828:
2823:
2821:
2814:
2809:
2807:
2800:
2793:
2790:
2746:On'yomi reading
2732:
2696:Liu Tien-chüeh
2468:Wang Ching-wei
2427:
2407:Hong Kong names
2404:
2383:Hong Kong names
2351:
2346:
2336:and the singer
2253:
2246:
2209:
2203:
2198:
2052:) or Mrs. Zhu (
2024:
1990:
1982:Main articles:
1980:
1926:
1920:
1914:
1884:
1882:Posthumous name
1878:
1876:Posthumous name
1839:
1833:
1791:
1785:
1763:is also called
1744:
1669:Hong Kong names
1666:
1648:
1568:
1518:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1489:
1451:, 1912, China)
1447:Sūn Zhōngshān (
1446:
1438:
1436:
1430:
1412:
1392:Courtesy names:
1339:
1302:
1296:Taboo on rulers
1288:
1249:
1225:Hong Kong names
1201:Beijing dialect
1199:, based on the
1101:
1093:Main articles:
1091:
1069:Zhōnghuá Mínguó
1024:Chinese history
855:generation poem
851:generation name
745:tonal qualities
737:
731:
719:Hong Kong names
680:ancestral halls
623:
515:
513:Chinese surname
509:
412:), clan names (
374:
294:Vietnamese name
245:
164:
144:Gwoyeu Romatzyh
132:
85:Literal meaning
48:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5815:
5805:
5804:
5802:Southeast Asia
5799:
5794:
5789:
5772:
5771:
5769:
5768:
5762:
5759:
5758:
5756:
5755:
5750:
5749:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5732:
5731:
5716:
5711:
5710:
5709:
5699:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5659:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5640:
5639:
5638:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5602:
5601:
5600:
5599:
5584:
5579:
5573:
5571:
5567:
5566:
5564:
5563:
5562:
5561:
5551:
5545:
5543:
5539:
5538:
5535:
5534:
5532:
5531:
5530:
5529:
5524:
5522:Ecclesiastical
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5498:
5497:
5492:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5471:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5435:
5429:
5427:
5421:
5420:
5418:
5417:
5416:
5415:
5414:
5413:
5400:
5390:
5380:
5375:
5374:
5373:
5372:
5371:
5369:Ecclesiastical
5361:
5356:
5351:
5340:
5338:
5329:
5313:
5312:
5310:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5298:
5297:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5276:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5258:Christian name
5254:
5252:
5246:
5245:
5242:
5241:
5239:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5187:
5186:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5153:
5151:
5148:Southeast Asia
5135:
5134:
5131:
5130:
5128:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5096:
5095:
5088:
5081:
5072:Eastern Slavic
5069:
5064:
5059:
5053:
5051:
5045:
5044:
5042:
5041:
5040:
5039:
5027:
5022:
5021:
5020:
5013:
5006:
4999:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4961:
4959:
4953:
4952:
4950:
4949:
4948:
4947:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4919:
4918:
4911:
4904:
4897:
4885:
4879:
4877:
4871:
4870:
4868:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4841:
4839:
4833:
4832:
4830:
4829:
4824:
4818:
4816:
4807:
4806:
4801:
4800:
4799:
4792:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4744:
4742:
4727:
4726:
4724:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4682:
4680:
4674:
4673:
4671:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4649:
4647:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4566:
4564:
4556:
4555:
4553:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4531:
4529:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4488:
4487:
4480:
4473:
4466:
4454:
4448:
4446:
4437:
4429:
4428:
4426:
4425:
4420:
4419:
4418:
4413:
4403:
4396:
4391:
4390:
4389:
4379:
4372:
4371:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4350:
4343:
4337:
4335:
4324:
4323:
4321:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4309:
4308:
4298:
4297:
4296:
4291:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4260:
4258:
4254:
4253:
4251:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4234:
4233:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4212:
4211:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4173:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4152:
4147:
4141:
4139:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4115:
4113:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4105:
4104:
4103:
4102:
4101:
4091:
4077:
4072:
4066:
4064:
4060:
4059:
4052:Personal names
4048:
4047:
4040:
4033:
4025:
4019:
4018:
4012:
4005:
4004:External links
4002:
4000:
3999:
3993:
3965:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3913:
3912:
3891:
3861:
3840:
3805:
3779:
3760:
3747:
3740:
3720:
3708:
3678:
3643:
3636:
3616:
3579:
3562:The China Post
3549:
3519:
3493:
3478:
3448:
3409:
3379:
3357:
3329:
3291:
3273:
3240:
3226:
3212:Dru C. Gladney
3203:
3184:(in Chinese).
3166:
3129:
3112:People's Daily
3096:
3065:
3053:
3051:, p. 113.
3038:
2988:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2912:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2890:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2863:
2862:
2857:
2846:
2845:
2840:
2834:
2833:
2819:
2805:
2789:
2786:
2731:
2728:
2708:
2707:
2700:
2699:Lau Din Cheuk
2697:
2694:
2691:
2683:
2682:
2675:
2672:Soong Tse-vung
2668:
2665:
2662:
2654:
2653:
2646:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2619:
2612:
2609:
2608:Chao Yüan-jen
2606:
2603:
2595:
2594:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2570:
2569:
2565:
2564:
2561:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2540:
2539:
2536:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2515:
2514:
2510:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2496:
2493:
2485:
2484:
2476:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2459:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2426:
2423:
2403:
2400:
2372:Japanese names
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2313:"No Takers").
2245:
2242:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2023:
2020:
1992:The era name (
1979:
1976:
1916:Main article:
1913:
1910:
1880:Main article:
1877:
1874:
1835:Main article:
1832:
1829:
1787:Main article:
1784:
1781:
1743:
1740:
1665:
1662:
1647:
1644:
1567:
1564:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1505:
1496:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1473:
1472:
1469:
1465:
1464:
1457:
1453:
1452:
1439:Nakayama Shō (
1423:
1419:
1418:
1405:
1401:
1400:
1393:
1389:
1388:
1385:
1381:
1380:
1373:
1369:
1368:
1361:
1357:
1356:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1248:
1245:
1188:is written as
1130:Proper use of
1090:
1087:
918:
917:
916:
915:
914:
913:
912:
911:
900:
890:
879:
733:Main article:
730:
727:
715:mainland China
696:Warring States
596:) and the
511:Main article:
508:
505:
373:
370:
278:Hong Kong name
266:personal names
257:
256:
253:
252:
249:
248:
244:
243:
239:
235:
229:
228:
222:
221:
214:
208:
207:
200:
194:
193:
191:Yue: Cantonese
187:
186:
176:
170:
169:
160:
154:
153:
146:
140:
139:
126:
120:
119:
112:
106:
105:
99:
98:
97:Transcriptions
90:
89:
86:
82:
81:
78:
77:
74:
68:
67:
64:
63:
56:
50:
49:
46:
38:
37:
34:
33:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5814:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5787:Chinese names
5785:
5784:
5782:
5767:
5764:
5763:
5760:
5754:
5751:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5730:
5727:
5726:
5725:
5722:
5721:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5708:
5705:
5704:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5697:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5680:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5643:
5641:
5637:
5634:
5633:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5598:
5595:
5594:
5593:
5590:
5589:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5574:
5572:
5568:
5560:
5557:
5556:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5546:
5544:
5540:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5519:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5487:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5440:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5430:
5428:
5426:
5422:
5412:
5408:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5395:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5385:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5370:
5367:
5366:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5346:
5345:
5342:
5341:
5339:
5337:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5324:
5320:
5314:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5302:Mandaean name
5300:
5296:
5293:
5292:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5263:Biblical name
5261:
5260:
5259:
5256:
5255:
5253:
5251:
5247:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5184:
5180:
5179:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5144:
5140:
5136:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5093:
5089:
5086:
5082:
5079:
5075:
5074:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5054:
5052:
5050:
5046:
5037:
5033:
5032:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5018:
5014:
5011:
5007:
5004:
5000:
4997:
4993:
4992:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4962:
4960:
4958:
4954:
4945:
4941:
4940:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4916:
4912:
4909:
4905:
4902:
4898:
4895:
4891:
4890:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4880:
4878:
4876:
4872:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4842:
4840:
4838:
4834:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4819:
4817:
4815:
4811:
4805:
4802:
4797:
4793:
4790:
4789:Ancient Greek
4786:
4785:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4745:
4743:
4741:
4736:
4735:North America
4732:
4728:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4683:
4681:
4679:
4675:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4650:
4648:
4646:
4642:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4567:
4565:
4561:
4557:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4532:
4530:
4526:Northern Asia
4524:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4485:
4481:
4478:
4474:
4471:
4467:
4464:
4460:
4459:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4449:
4447:
4445:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4430:
4424:
4421:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4408:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4401:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4388:
4385:
4384:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4377:
4376:Nom de guerre
4373:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4355:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4348:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4329:
4325:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4307:
4304:
4303:
4302:
4299:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4286:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4261:
4259:
4255:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4232:
4229:
4228:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4209:
4205:
4204:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4157:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4142:
4140:
4136:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4116:
4114:
4110:
4100:
4097:
4096:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4086:
4083:
4082:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4063:Personal name
4061:
4057:
4053:
4046:
4041:
4039:
4034:
4032:
4027:
4026:
4023:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4007:
3996:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3928:
3923:
3922:
3909:
3905:
3901:
3895:
3879:
3875:
3874:The Economist
3871:
3865:
3859:
3855:
3852:
3849:
3844:
3837:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3815:
3814:"Style Guide"
3809:
3802:
3801:
3796:
3792:
3789:
3783:
3775:
3771:
3764:
3757:
3751:
3743:
3741:9780786438778
3737:
3734:. McFarland.
3733:
3732:
3724:
3717:
3712:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3682:
3663:
3656:
3655:
3647:
3639:
3633:
3629:
3628:
3620:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3604:1-4008-0964-9
3601:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3583:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3553:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3523:
3507:
3503:
3497:
3490:
3489:
3482:
3475:
3463:
3459:
3452:
3433:
3429:
3428:
3420:
3413:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3383:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3361:
3354:
3353:0-7864-3877-0
3350:
3346:
3345:
3338:
3336:
3334:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3302:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3288:
3287:
3283:
3277:
3261:
3257:
3256:
3251:
3244:
3229:
3227:0-674-59497-5
3223:
3219:
3218:
3213:
3207:
3191:
3187:
3179:
3170:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3103:
3101:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3069:
3062:
3057:
3050:
3045:
3043:
3035:
3032:. p. 3:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2992:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2961:
2957:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2931:Japanese name
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2895:
2894:
2888:
2887:Courtesy name
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2867:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2850:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2831:
2830:Taiwan portal
2820:
2817:
2806:
2803:
2797:
2792:
2785:
2783:
2773:
2763:
2747:
2737:
2736:Local reading
2727:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2716:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2685:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2669:
2667:Sung Tzu-wen
2666:
2663:
2656:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2627:
2626:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2616:Yuen Ren Chao
2613:
2610:
2607:
2605:Zhao Yuanren
2604:
2597:
2596:
2593:
2592:
2588:
2585:
2583:Shao Jen-mei
2582:
2579:
2572:
2571:
2566:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2552:
2549:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2528:Sun Yi-hsien
2527:
2524:
2517:
2516:
2511:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2494:
2487:
2486:
2477:
2474:Jingwei Wang
2473:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2464:
2460:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2443:
2441:Non-Mandarin
2440:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2422:
2418:
2416:
2415:Goh Chok Tong
2412:
2408:
2399:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2360:
2355:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2327:
2323:
2314:
2294:
2292:
2287:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2251:
2241:
2239:
2234:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2218:
2215:
2208:
2201:Unusual names
2193:
2187:
2173:
2167:
2159:
2154:
2152:
2140:
2138:
2128:
2117:
2111:
2101:
2095:
2077:
2069:
2065:
2059:
2051:
2045:
2037:
2032:
2028:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1989:
1985:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1961:
1951:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1925:
1919:
1909:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1883:
1873:
1867:
1862:
1860:
1850:
1838:
1828:
1826:
1821:
1820:
1819:Book of Rites
1814:
1811:
1801:
1790:
1789:Courtesy name
1783:Courtesy name
1780:
1774:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1755:
1739:
1735:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1715:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1686:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1670:
1661:
1659:
1658:Chinese tones
1655:
1654:
1643:
1641:
1637:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1605:
1597:
1589:
1579:
1563:
1557:
1547:
1543:
1533:
1523:
1500:
1491:
1487:
1482:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1434:
1424:
1422:Pseudonym(s):
1421:
1420:
1416:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1383:
1382:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1363:Sūn Dìxiàng (
1362:
1359:
1358:
1350:
1348:Official name
1347:
1346:
1343:
1338:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1306:naming taboos
1301:
1297:
1293:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1256:
1252:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1231:, "Shaw" for
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1193:
1191:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1172:"hs" (pinyin
1171:
1167:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1133:
1128:
1123:. In Pinyin,
1122:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1106:
1100:
1096:
1086:
1083:
1071:
1057:
1053:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1020:
995:), and Huan (
972:
971:
960:
956:
942:
936:
931:
930:Chinese opera
909:
901:
899:
891:
888:
880:
878:
870:
869:
868:
867:
866:
865:
864:
863:
862:
860:
856:
852:
848:
847:naming taboos
844:
839:
821:
817:
816:Deng Xiaoping
813:
807:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
756:
754:
752:
746:
742:
741:variant forms
736:
726:
724:
720:
716:
711:
709:
705:
701:
697:
685:
681:
676:
673:
667:
661:
655:
646:
638:
633:
628:
617:
612:
602:
601:
591:
585:
580:
578:
574:
570:
558:
550:
542:
538:
530:
520:
514:
504:
502:
498:
493:
487:
481:
475:
465:
452:
443:
434:
425:
416:
407:
402:
397:
390:
380:
369:
367:
362:
361:naming taboos
358:
357:Shang dynasty
353:
351:
337:
329:
328:courtesy name
324:
322:
312:
308:
297:
295:
291:
287:
283:
282:Japanese name
279:
275:
271:
270:Greater China
267:
263:
262:Chinese names
254:
241:
240:
236:
234:
230:
227:
223:
215:
213:
209:
201:
199:
195:
192:
188:
182:
177:
175:
171:
161:
159:
155:
147:
145:
141:
127:
125:
121:
113:
111:
107:
104:
100:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
73:
69:
65:
57:
55:
51:
44:
39:
35:
30:
27:
19:
18:Chinese names
5741:Signum manus
5729:Royal cypher
5694:
5679:Nomen nescio
5677:
5673:Nomenclature
5668:Naming taboo
5480:Professional
5323:of authority
5273:Saint's name
4938:Scandinavian
4560:Muslim world
4456:
4398:
4374:
4345:
4197:Occupational
4056:anthroponymy
3972:
3958:the original
3937:
3933:
3894:
3882:. Retrieved
3873:
3864:
3847:
3843:
3835:
3829:the original
3820:
3808:
3800:The Guardian
3798:
3782:
3773:
3769:
3763:
3755:
3750:
3730:
3723:
3716:Power (2008)
3711:
3699:. Retrieved
3690:
3681:
3669:. Retrieved
3653:
3646:
3626:
3619:
3587:
3582:
3572:20 September
3570:. Retrieved
3566:the original
3561:
3552:
3542:20 September
3540:. Retrieved
3532:Taipei Times
3531:
3522:
3510:. Retrieved
3496:
3486:
3481:
3473:
3466:. Retrieved
3451:
3439:, retrieved
3425:
3412:
3400:. Retrieved
3391:
3382:
3374:the original
3360:
3342:
3320:. Retrieved
3311:
3284:
3276:
3264:. Retrieved
3253:
3243:
3231:. Retrieved
3216:
3206:
3194:. Retrieved
3190:the original
3185:
3169:
3157:. Retrieved
3148:
3120:. Retrieved
3111:
3087:. Retrieved
3078:
3068:
3056:
3033:
3005:
3001:
2991:
2977:(1): 19–32.
2974:
2970:
2960:
2914:
2913:
2892:
2891:
2865:
2864:
2855:Chinese clan
2848:
2847:
2816:China portal
2781:
2771:
2761:
2745:
2735:
2733:
2713:
2711:
2702:
2693:Liu Dianjue
2677:
2670:
2648:
2643:Koo Vi Kyuin
2641:
2638:Ku Wei-chün
2614:
2589:
2580:Shao Renmei
2556:
2531:
2498:
2463:Wang Jingwei
2461:
2419:
2405:
2380:
2368:Korean names
2364:
2321:
2315:
2295:
2288:
2276:Sinicization
2254:
2235:
2223:
2219:
2210:
2192:, manager).
2183:
2169:
2155:
2148:
2141:
2134:
2124:
2118:
2107:
2097:
2093:
2075:
2067:
2061:
2047:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2008:regnal names
1997:
1991:
1957:
1947:
1933:
1927:
1898:Tang dynasty
1891:
1885:
1866:Zhao Zhenkai
1863:
1856:
1846:
1840:
1817:
1815:
1792:
1770:
1758:
1751:
1745:
1736:
1716:
1687:
1667:
1651:
1649:
1634:, "old" but
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1603:
1595:
1585:
1575:
1569:
1553:
1539:
1529:
1519:
1499:
1490:
1468:Temple name:
1425:Sūn Yìxiān (
1395:Sūn Zàizhī (
1372:School name:
1351:Sūn Démíng (
1336:
1329:
1326:
1303:
1292:Naming taboo
1259:
1257:
1253:
1250:
1227:: "Lee" for
1194:
1190:Mao Tse-tung
1181:
1177:
1173:
1163:
1154:
1129:
1112:Hanyu Pinyin
1109:
1105:romanization
1102:
1082:five element
1067:
1021:
1013:), and Lan (
981:), and Min (
968:
943:
919:
907:
897:
886:
876:
840:
811:
808:
760:Ming dynasty
757:
748:
738:
712:
677:
587:
581:
526:
516:
507:Family names
476:
401:Zhou dynasty
398:
375:
354:
347:
325:
318:
304:
298:
261:
260:
226:Southern Min
110:Hanyu Pinyin
72:Hanyu Pinyin
32:Chinese name
26:
5714:Proper name
5636:Name change
5490:Educational
5468:Substantive
5407:decorations
5290:Jewish name
5285:Dharma name
5250:By religion
4915:Hongkongese
4740:Australasia
4580:Azerbaijani
4313:Regnal name
4294:Temple name
4124:Middle name
4112:By sequence
4089:Matrilineal
4085:Patrilineal
3934:The Indexer
3402:27 November
3322:24 February
3089:22 November
2936:Korean name
2909:Temple name
2802:Asia portal
2730:In Japanese
2679:T. V. Soong
2664:Song Ziwen
2563:Boonhaw Aw
2558:Aw Boon Haw
2538:Yatsen Sun
2533:Sun Yat-sen
2525:Sun Yixian
2359:Sun Yat-sen
2316:Nicknames (
1918:Temple name
1912:Temple name
1906:Sun Yat-sen
1902:Shi Huangdi
1742:School name
1702:legal names
1678:Hongkongers
1673:Hongkongers
1570:Nicknames (
1546:diminutives
1407:Sūn Rìxīn (
1342:Sun Yat-sen
796:Han culture
772:Xin dynasty
729:Given names
723:Macao names
584:prehistoric
501:Han dynasty
286:Korean name
218:sing3-ming4
5781:Categories
5707:Identifier
5690:Onomastics
5631:Legal name
5611:Deadnaming
5507:Diplomatic
5463:Subsidiary
5458:Hereditary
5349:Diplomatic
5268:Papal name
5177:Indonesian
5143:South Asia
5139:Indosphere
5105:Macedonian
5078:Belarusian
4985:Portuguese
4827:Lithuanian
4721:Zimbabwean
4517:Vietnamese
4477:Generation
4444:East Asian
4432:By culture
4406:Stage name
4363:Hypocorism
4328:Pseudonyms
4318:Slave name
4269:Birth name
4221:Teknonymic
4202:Patronymic
4182:Matronymic
4145:Diminutive
4119:First name
4075:Given name
4070:Birth name
3940:(2): 2–8.
3884:17 October
3701:7 November
3196:19 January
2947:References
2843:Onomastics
2635:Gu Weijun
2591:Runme Shaw
2553:Hu Wen-hu
2349:Word order
2205:See also:
2196:Variations
2074:, old) or
2063:zhū tàitai
1922:See also:
1683:Hacken Lee
1290:See also:
1166:Wade–Giles
1140:tone marks
1121:tone marks
1028:Communists
967:) clan in
859:Mao Zedong
798:under the
311:given name
204:sing-mìhng
165:hsing-ming
158:Wade–Giles
5797:East Asia
5719:Signature
5606:Call sign
5582:Anonymity
5517:Religious
5443:Chivalric
5364:Religious
5359:Judiciary
5344:Honorific
5327:of honour
5226:Sinhalese
5216:Pakistani
5201:Malaysian
5196:Cambodian
5100:Kashubian
5092:Ukrainian
5057:Bulgarian
4996:Praenomen
4933:Icelandic
4804:Hungarian
4605:Pakistani
4540:Mongolian
4394:Ring name
4387:Heteronym
4353:Nicknames
4274:Code name
4226:Toponymic
4216:Sobriquet
4192:Mononymic
4187:Metonymic
4129:Last name
3954:0019-4131
3266:12 August
3149:taiwan.cn
3030:1674-1056
2983:2816-7015
2952:Citations
2762:Mō Takutō
2704:D. C. Lau
2550:Hu Wenhu
2479:Known by
2322:gín-á-miâ
2264:Guangdong
2150:Lǐ Lǎoshī
2136:Zhāng Jǐe
2099:xiānsheng
1956:) or
1831:Pseudonym
1719:Indonesia
1694:Singapore
1636:see below
1516:Milk name
1476:Era name:
1433:Cantonese
1415:Cantonese
1375:Sūn Wén (
1360:Milk name
1340:Example:
1310:ancestors
1209:Cantonese
1145:Sima Qian
1032:Civil War
991:), Zhen (
843:Liu Xiang
768:Wang Mang
764:early Han
274:Sinophone
150:shinqming
5736:Khelrtva
5724:Monogram
5685:Misnomer
5663:Namesake
5597:National
5554:Name day
5512:Judicial
5502:Business
5495:Honorary
5485:Academic
5475:Military
5448:Courtesy
5433:Academic
5398:Academic
5388:Emeritus
5191:Javanese
5172:Filipino
5157:Balinese
5125:Suffixes
5062:Croatian
5025:Romanian
5010:Cognomen
4908:Canadian
4894:American
4875:Germanic
4860:Scottish
4778:Georgian
4768:Estonian
4753:Armenian
4748:Albanian
4706:Ghanaian
4663:Hawaiian
4600:Mandaean
4507:Okinawan
4492:Japanese
4463:Courtesy
4423:Username
4416:Mononyms
4382:Pen name
4368:Monarchs
4341:Art name
4284:Necronym
4264:Aptronym
4177:Eponymic
4138:By trait
3971:(2012).
3878:Archived
3854:Archived
3791:Archived
3695:Archived
3662:Archived
3536:Archived
3506:Archived
3462:Archived
3432:archived
3396:Archived
3316:Archived
3260:Archived
3214:(1996).
3159:16 March
3153:Archived
3122:16 March
3116:Archived
3083:Archived
2872:Art name
2788:See also
2508:Shih Hu
2291:mainland
1978:Era name
1970:and the
1837:Art name
1698:Tony Tan
1690:Malaysia
1566:Nickname
1541:xiǎomíng
1387:unknown
1318:emperors
1241:Jyutping
1205:diaspora
1197:Mandarin
1170:digraphs
1089:Spelling
1007:), Qin (
977:), She (
820:Yo-Yo Ma
708:Muhammad
700:Zhao She
620:⼥
336:art name
242:sènn-miâ
212:Jyutping
124:Bopomofo
116:xìngmíng
76:xìngmíng
5656:Surname
5577:Acronym
5570:Related
5549:Baptism
5183:Chinese
5167:Burmese
5162:Bengali
5115:Serbian
5085:Russian
5030:Spanish
5017:Agnomen
4980:Occitan
4975:Italian
4965:Catalan
4957:Romance
4944:Swedish
4888:English
4845:Cornish
4822:Latvian
4796:Cypriot
4773:Finnish
4686:Ashanti
4645:Oceania
4635:Turkish
4615:Persian
4610:Pashtun
4585:Bengali
4550:Tibetan
4457:Chinese
4400:Shikona
4306:Notname
4238:Patrial
4231:Surname
4208:Surname
4155:Epithet
4094:Affixes
4080:Surname
3918:Sources
3904:Archive
3776:. 1975.
3512:1 March
3468:26 July
3388:"中华毛氏网"
3233:9 April
3079:GBTimes
3010:Bibcode
2720:indexed
2500:Hu Shih
2495:Hu Shi
2229:of the
2185:Lǐ zǒng
2158:Chinese
2126:Zhào Gē
2049:lǐ māma
2036:Chinese
1999:niánhào
1942:of the
1935:miàohào
1772:xùnmíng
1766:xuémíng
1753:xuémíng
1577:chuòhào
1459:Guófù (
1213:Hokkien
1030:in the
959:radical
953:; '
935:Li Yuru
627:radical
624:'WOMAN'
622:
555:), and
372:History
306:xìngshì
292:, or a
54:Chinese
5746:Tughra
5651:Middle
5621:Family
5425:Titles
5411:medals
5409:, and
5403:Orders
5383:Suffix
5336:Styles
5295:Hebrew
5221:Sindhi
5206:Indian
5120:Slovak
5110:Polish
5049:Slavic
4970:French
4928:Gothic
4923:German
4837:Celtic
4814:Baltic
4763:Basque
4731:Europe
4716:Yoruba
4658:Fijian
4625:Somali
4620:Sindhi
4595:Coptic
4590:Berber
4575:Arabic
4570:Afghan
4535:Kalmyk
4502:Manchu
4497:Korean
4484:Titles
4248:Virtue
4243:Unisex
4165:Common
4160:Animal
3991:
3952:
3738:
3671:7 June
3634:
3610:
3602:
3441:19 May
3351:
3224:
3028:
3008:(11).
2981:
2782:Hokkyō
2396:hyphen
2334:A-bian
2260:Fujian
2244:Taiwan
2168::
2166:pinyin
2160::
2060::
2058:pinyin
2046::
2044:pinyin
2038::
1893:shìhào
1858:bǐmíng
1810:biǎozì
1653:Gaokao
1640:A-bian
1587:wàihào
1531:rǔmíng
1314:rulers
1312:, and
1298:, and
1215:, and
1132:Pinyin
1095:Pinyin
1052:Taiwan
861:read:
643:) and
629:. The
577:Ouyang
464:shìhào
386:) and
233:Tâi-lô
133:
5696:-onym
5646:Given
5642:List
5527:Papal
5453:False
5067:Czech
5003:Nomen
4990:Roman
4883:Dutch
4865:Welsh
4850:Irish
4783:Greek
4668:Māori
4630:Tatar
4545:Sakha
4452:Amami
4170:Plant
3961:(PDF)
3930:(PDF)
3832:(PDF)
3817:(PDF)
3665:(PDF)
3658:(PDF)
3435:(PDF)
3422:(PDF)
2772:Pekin
2432:Name
2392:comma
2338:A-mei
2109:nǚshì
1602:) or
1548:like
1479:none
1471:none
1260:mings
1258:Most
1217:Hakka
904:世代永承昌
894:祖恩貽澤遠
883:文方運濟祥
873:立顯榮朝士
637:Jiang
616:Shang
557:Zhang
5319:List
5236:Thai
5146:and
4855:Manx
4738:and
4711:Igbo
4411:List
4358:list
4347:Bugō
4332:list
4054:and
3989:ISBN
3950:ISSN
3886:2017
3758:383.
3736:ISBN
3703:2018
3673:2023
3632:ISBN
3608:ISBN
3600:ISBN
3574:2008
3544:2008
3514:2009
3470:2019
3443:2016
3404:2020
3349:ISBN
3324:2017
3268:2017
3235:2011
3222:ISBN
3198:2015
3186:2014
3182:中国统计
3161:2012
3124:2012
3091:2019
3026:ISSN
2979:ISSN
2741:現地読み
2611:n/a
2586:n/a
2505:n/a
2471:n/a
2311:lit.
2303:lit.
2280:Chen
2262:and
2171:gōng
2076:xiǎo
2016:Qing
2014:and
2012:Ming
1986:and
1972:Yuan
1968:Tang
1959:zōng
1692:and
1624:Xiǎo
1622:and
1616:Xiǎo
1604:Xiǎo
1560:lit.
1555:xiǎo
1320:and
1239:and
1180:and
1157:ming
1153:and
1150:xing
1097:and
1064:中华民国
1060:中華民國
955:plum
926:lit.
836:lit.
828:lit.
818:and
812:Xiǎo
800:Qing
788:Yuan
784:Liao
780:Song
778:and
776:Tang
751:ming
721:and
660:Xìng
654:xìng
611:xìng
589:xìng
541:Wang
528:xìng
492:xing
480:ming
415:xìng
406:míng
389:míng
379:xìng
320:míng
288:, a
284:, a
280:, a
264:are
135:ㄇㄧㄥˊ
131:ㄒㄧㄥˋ
5211:Lao
4701:Ewe
4470:Art
3942:doi
3906:).
3902:" (
3797:."
3596:xii
3180:.
3018:doi
2777:ペキン
2757:毛泽东
2751:音読み
2688:劉殿爵
2659:宋子文
2630:顧維鈞
2600:趙元任
2575:邵仁枚
2545:胡文虎
2520:孫逸仙
2456:汪精衛
2318:囝仔名
2266:.
2256:Han
2145:李老师
2094:lǎo
2068:lǎo
2054:朱太太
2040:李妈妈
2004:Han
1848:hào
1803:or
1759:As
1717:In
1688:In
1628:Lǎo
1449:孫中山
1442:中山樵
1427:孫逸仙
1409:孫日新
1397:孫載之
1365:孫帝象
1353:孫德明
1186:毛泽东
1136:王秀英
1125:毛泽东
1058:" (
941:).
792:Han
672:shì
666:shì
645:Yao
632:shì
600:shì
569:Han
547:),
535:) "
486:shi
474:).
461:or
451:shì
442:jué
424:shì
349:hào
174:IPA
5783::
5405:,
4733:,
3987:.
3983:;
3979::
3975:.
3948:.
3938:26
3936:.
3932:.
3876:.
3872:.
3823:.
3819:.
3772:.
3693:.
3689:.
3606:,
3590:.
3560:.
3530:.
3504:.
3472:.
3460:.
3424:,
3394:.
3390:.
3332:^
3314:.
3310:.
3294:^
3258:.
3252:.
3147:.
3132:^
3110:.
3099:^
3081:.
3077:.
3041:^
3024:.
3016:.
3006:20
3004:.
3000:.
2975:87
2973:.
2969:.
2767:北京
2726:.
2490:胡適
2409:,
2340:.
2320:,
2309:,
2307:罔市
2301:,
2299:豬屎
2293:.
2190:经理
2182:;
2180:李总
2164:;
2147:;
2133:;
2131:张姐
2123:;
2121:赵哥
2114:女士
2104:先生
2089:小战
2084:老王
2056:,
2042:;
1996:;
1994:年號
1949:zǔ
1932:;
1930:廟號
1890:;
1888:諡號
1870:北岛
1855:;
1853:笔名
1845:;
1807:,
1805:表字
1800:zì
1797:,
1777:訓名
1750:;
1748:學名
1714:.
1642:.
1620:Ā-
1612:Ā-
1596:Ā-
1592:小胖
1584:;
1582:外號
1580:,
1574:;
1572:綽號
1558:,
1552:;
1538:;
1536:小名
1534:,
1528:;
1526:乳名
1463:)
1461:國父
1435:)
1417:)
1399:)
1379:)
1377:孫文
1367:)
1355:)
1294:,
1211:,
1107:.
1078:奧運
1076:;
1074:奥运
1066:;
1062:;
1048:东风
1046:;
1044:東風
1040:强国
1038:;
1036:強國
924:,
834:,
832:大柱
826:,
824:大牛
725:.
710:.
690:;
684:Ma
579:.
563:;
549:Li
533:百姓
525:;
472:谥号
470:;
468:諡號
457:;
433:zì
346:;
342:;
317:;
303:;
301:姓氏
60:姓名
5325:/
5150:)
5141:(
4334:)
4330:(
4087:/
4044:e
4037:t
4030:v
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3774:5
3744:.
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3675:.
3640:.
3576:.
3546:.
3516:.
3491:.
3446:.
3406:.
3326:.
3270:.
3237:.
3200:.
3163:.
3126:.
3093:.
3020::
3012::
2985:.
2774:(
2748:(
2738:(
2330:阿
2297:(
2284:陳
2282:(
2252:.
2176:总
2162:工
2112:(
2102:(
2080:小
2078:(
2072:老
2070:(
1964:宗
1962:(
1954:祖
1952:(
1843:号
1795:字
1775:(
1632:老
1630:(
1608:小
1606:(
1600:阿
1598:(
1550:小
1233:邵
1229:李
1182:c
1178:z
1174:x
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1016:蘭
1010:芹
1004:芸
998:環
993:珍
988:璉
983:敏
979:赦
975:政
964:賈
951:梅
947:松
939:玉
922:岸
910:.
889:.
692:马
688:馬
686:(
649:姚
647:(
641:姜
639:(
606:氏
604:(
594:姓
592:(
565:张
561:張
559:(
553:李
551:(
545:王
543:(
523:姓
459:谥
455:諡
446:爵
437:字
428:氏
419:姓
410:名
394:名
392:(
384:姓
382:(
344:號
340:号
338:(
332:字
315:名
313:(
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