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They prospered until the end of the 19th century, when competition from railroads made longer trade-routes unprofitable. Chumaks transported goods in wagons pulled by two
160:. Modernization marginalized traditional economic activity, and relegated Chumak traders to areas in western Ukraine with the lowest levels of service.
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Chumak traders featured prominently in
Ukrainian folklore and fables. They feature in the literal as well as artistic works of
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by A.Basargina, a senior scientist at the
Belgorod State Museum of Folk Culture (YouTube)
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Chumaks operated most commonly during the times of the
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91:, grain, and others) for the purpose of long-distance
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of history. It involved the delivery of goods (salt,
198:is called the Chumaks' Way. There is a Ukrainian
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137:. The oxen were often of the Bessarabian breed.
71:) was a historical and traditional wagon-based
179:The chumak way of life had great influence on
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266:. Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine. 2013
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354:International Salt Co. v. United States
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75:occupation in the territory of modern
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256:
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684:List of countries by salt production
144:(17th century), trading between the
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118:as well as the coastal areas of
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849:Historical economic occupations
636:Salt and cardiovascular disease
54:hauling, trading, salt-industry
269:
194:In the Ukrainian language the
164:Influence on Ukrainian culture
150:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
126:, in addition to other items.
1:
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221:(1817–1900), and in the song
263:Chumak-occupation (ЧУМАЦТВО)
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859:Economic history of Ukraine
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110:facilitating the trade in
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348:In the American Civil War
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654:Salt Industry Commission
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106:Chumaks developed as a
18:Chumak (disambiguation)
278:at the Chumatstvo.info
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172:Chumaks on the break,
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854:Business occupations
679:Open-pan salt making
503:Monosodium glutamate
209:(1814–1861), of the
85:early Modern periods
16:For other uses, see
25:
518:Potassium chloride
370:In Chinese history
181:Ukrainian folklore
177:
114:from the areas of
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746:Salting the earth
741:Salt in the Bible
715:San Francisco Bay
523:Potassium nitrate
142:Cossack Hetmanate
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659:Evaporation pond
433:Calcium chloride
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276:Chumak (decline)
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239:Zaporozhian Sich
227:Taras Petrynenko
207:Taras Shevchenko
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50:Activity sectors
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844:History of salt
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782:Ximenes Redoubt
777:Water softening
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621:Salt-cured meat
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578:Sodium chloride
553:Salt substitute
528:River reed salt
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260:Proskurova, S.
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229:(1953– ).
219:Ivan Aivazovsky
174:Ivan Aivazovsky
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154:Crimean Khanate
99:) harnessed to
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772:Smelling salts
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631:Health effects
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365:Old Salt Route
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286:External links
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200:surname Chumak
187:, and overall
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133:paired with a
108:merchant class
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755:Miscellaneous
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616:Brined cheese
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360:In Middlewich
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95:using carts (
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81:late Medieval
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762:Mineral lick
647:and industry
463:Fleur de sel
352:
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146:Moscow state
139:
128:
105:
60:
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35:
720:In Pakistan
705:In Cheshire
664:Salt mining
626:Salted fish
548:Salammoniac
508:Moshio salt
413:Asín tibuok
838:Categories
674:Sink works
598:Food usage
488:Kala namak
423:Black lava
375:Salt March
245:References
44:Occupation
767:Road salt
698:By region
669:Salt well
473:Himalayan
380:Salt road
196:Milky Way
124:Azov Seas
116:Halychyna
65:Ukrainian
803:Category
710:In Ghana
645:Commerce
568:Sel gris
563:Seasoned
558:Sea salt
513:Pickling
408:Alberger
233:See also
217:painter
215:Armenian
185:language
158:Moldavia
729:Culture
611:Salting
606:Brining
583:Truffle
483:Jugyeom
478:Iodised
418:Bittern
343:History
336:History
223:Ukraina
211:Crimean
189:culture
79:in the
77:Ukraine
73:trading
814:Portal
588:Túltul
573:Smoked
498:Kosher
468:Garlic
448:Cyclic
443:Curing
438:Celery
428:Butter
398:Abraum
156:, and
152:, the
148:, the
97:wagons
61:Chumak
38:, 1841
36:Chumak
24:Chumak
538:Onion
458:Flake
453:Dairy
403:Alaea
390:Types
120:Black
93:sales
69:чумак
828:Food
543:Rock
329:Salt
135:yoke
131:oxen
122:and
112:salt
101:oxen
89:fish
83:and
787:Tax
225:by
840::
253:^
202:.
183:,
103:.
67::
816::
321:e
314:t
307:v
213:-
63:(
20:.
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