391:
63:
3169:
520:
Around the mid-11th century, as the Muslim naval threat subsided, the
Byzantine provincial fleets began a precipitate decline: the fleet of the Cibyrrhaeots is last mentioned in the repulsion of a
387:. The land, which was known for its fertility, suffered from the frequent and devastating Arab raids, which largely depopulated the countryside except for the fortified cities and naval bases.
1338:
3221:
424:. He drew an annual salary of 10 pounds of gold, and his overall rank in the imperial hierarchy was relatively low, but still senior to any other naval commander: twenty-fifth in the
3211:
2048:
991:
2281:
503:) in the 680s to provide crews and marines for the fleet. In the early 9th century, the thematic fleet of the Cibyrrhaeots comprised 70 ships; and in the
1261:
984:
390:
3157:
1511:
1412:
917:
Catalogue of
Byzantine Seals at Dumbarton Oaks and in the Fogg Museum of Art, Volume 2: South of the Balkans, the Islands, South of Asia Minor
2845:
1422:
1355:
1370:
1365:
2446:
1432:
1407:
2797:
2780:
1437:
1417:
977:
2496:
2342:
2314:
1958:
1950:
1427:
1360:
2692:
2053:
3196:
2541:
3021:
2546:
184:
from the early 8th to the late 12th centuries. As the
Byzantine Empire's first and most important naval theme (θέμα ναυτικόν,
2945:
1705:
1698:
1254:
959:
2697:
2556:
1844:
452:, and possessed the full array of typical thematic administrative positions. Among the most important subordinates of the
232: "men of Cibyrrha") derive their name from the city of Cibyrrha (it is unclear whether this is Cibyrrha the Great in
1688:
3026:
2439:
3127:
1693:
969:
925:
900:
3216:
2190:
1247:
521:
878:
Byzance et la mer. La marine de guerre, la politique et les institutions maritimes de
Byzance aux VIIe-XVe siècles
67:
The Asian themes of the
Byzantine Empire circa 842. The Cibyrrhaeots encompassed the southern shore of Asia Minor.
3162:
2984:
1516:
1284:
3132:
3122:
2994:
2915:
2733:
2601:
2173:
2117:
2038:
1905:
891:
2989:
2979:
2894:
2649:
2434:
1869:
3226:
3063:
3031:
2935:
2644:
2616:
2424:
1963:
375:. Its geographical position made it the "front-line" theme facing the attacks of the Muslim fleets of the
3206:
2787:
2429:
2276:
2033:
1784:
45:
17:
3107:
3053:
2792:
2664:
2654:
2354:
2234:
2112:
2043:
1931:
1900:
1743:
1683:
1000:
299:
177:
2967:
2491:
2347:
2132:
2023:
1910:
2266:
2018:
1505:
1384:
241:
3201:
3172:
2596:
2322:
2142:
2028:
384:
837:
3097:
2687:
2529:
1973:
1779:
1753:
1748:
1521:
1497:
1493:
1460:
571:
2815:
2669:
1859:
1769:
1733:
1618:
1348:
1343:
214:
163:
3058:
3041:
2862:
2621:
2586:
2469:
2406:
2401:
1936:
1879:
1166:
324:-level commands, the Cibyrrhaeot Theme was the only dedicated naval theme of the Empire.
8:
1968:
1884:
1874:
1738:
1501:
1489:
1376:
1196:
1184:
1178:
1083:
1071:
911:
545:
228:
3046:
3036:
2910:
2581:
2464:
2381:
2244:
1596:
1576:
1556:
1546:
1312:
1131:
1036:
945:
549:
397:
311:
999:
492:. These were the descendants of several thousand people transplanted from the area of
3168:
3102:
3007:
2940:
2920:
2888:
2820:
2807:
2728:
2723:
2474:
2089:
1608:
1561:
1551:
1541:
1190:
1154:
1095:
1065:
955:
921:
896:
886:
560:
432:
426:
1232:
Thrace and
Macedonia were counted among the Eastern themes for hierarchical purposes
2972:
2765:
2713:
2659:
2626:
2576:
2369:
2359:
2137:
1825:
1717:
1640:
1623:
1601:
1586:
1571:
1485:
1270:
1220:
1107:
1089:
1047:
1004:
872:
504:
383:, and consequently the Cibyrrhaeots played a major role in the naval aspect of the
340:
174:
49:
267:). At the time, the Cibyrrhaeots were subordinate to the great naval corps of the
3117:
2950:
2930:
2925:
2880:
2870:
2830:
2825:
2775:
2770:
2551:
2157:
2074:
2069:
1809:
1799:
1635:
1629:
1613:
1591:
1581:
1566:
1214:
1160:
949:
915:
876:
436:
of 971–975. Like its other counterparts, the
Cibyrrhaeot Theme was divided into
2955:
2835:
2568:
2327:
2221:
2207:
2006:
1710:
1465:
1202:
1172:
1148:
1119:
1032:
1026:
352:
203:
191:
154:
3190:
2875:
2752:
2718:
2456:
2391:
2364:
2249:
1864:
1804:
1125:
1009:
405:
315:
2636:
2611:
2591:
2396:
2374:
2229:
1477:
1472:
1306:
541:
270:
257:
1239:
3137:
3112:
2606:
2416:
2183:
1789:
1774:
1208:
461:
310:
first attested in 731/732. Until the 9th century, when the themes of the
247:
2411:
2271:
2261:
2094:
2084:
1794:
1040:
372:
328:
181:
62:
2960:
2840:
2332:
2200:
2147:
2079:
1059:
533:
525:
512:
507:
expedition of 911, the
Cibyrrhaeot theme sent 31 warships – 15 large
489:
481:
471:
459:
453:
445:
437:
415:
403:
395:
364:
319:
305:
303:
279:
268:
245:
237:
219:
185:
2486:
2386:
2337:
2195:
2127:
1915:
1101:
1053:
678:
592:
590:
588:
586:
524:
in 1043, and the theme became a purely civil province, headed by a
483:
467:
439:
421:
75:
920:. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection.
2852:
2738:
2679:
2178:
2152:
1830:
1077:
493:
368:
348:
344:
336:
253:
753:
583:
2481:
2256:
2122:
527:
508:
447:
376:
332:
256:: Apsimar, who at the head of a fleet revolt became emperor as
137:
133:
729:
654:
380:
360:
356:
233:
207:
35:
825:
801:
252:
2760:
813:
702:
690:
789:
765:
666:
642:
3222:
States and territories disestablished in the 12th century
719:
717:
535:
477:
190:), it served chiefly to provide ships and troops for the
849:
777:
632:
630:
570:), and the territory in Caria subordinated to the theme
741:
951:
The Age of the ΔΡΟΜΩΝ: The
Byzantine Navy ca. 500–1204
714:
3212:
States and territories established in the 8th century
881:(in French). Paris: Presses universitaires de France.
627:
939:(in Italian). Rome: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana.
284:were disbanded (the exact date is disputed between
168:
909:
596:
298:), the Cibyrrhaeots were constituted as a regular
3188:
954:. Leiden and Boston: Brill Academic Publishers.
895:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
1630:Spain (Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands)
846:, "Mylasa and Melanoudion" (C. Foss), p. 1428.
1255:
985:
943:
819:
807:
759:
735:
696:
672:
648:
327:The theme encompassed the southern coast of
1269:
559:). The rump theme was finally abolished by
496:and settled there by Emperor Justinian II (
430:of 842/843, dropping to fifty-fifth in the
1262:
1248:
992:
978:
61:
871:
855:
831:
795:
783:
771:
747:
708:
684:
660:
937:Constantino Porfirogenito: De Thematibus
540:. Most of its territory was lost to the
389:
2518:
934:
723:
636:
14:
3189:
517:– with 6,000 oarsmen and 760 marines.
3086:
2517:
2302:
1994:
1661:
1282:
1243:
973:
624:, "Kibyrrhaiotai" (C. Foss), p. 1127.
617:
615:
613:
611:
609:
607:
605:
2303:
240:). The command first appears in the
2005:
394:10th/11th-century seal of Niketas,
180:encompassing the southern coast of
24:
892:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
602:
25:
3238:
3128:Greek scholars in the Renaissance
3167:
27:Province of the Byzantine Empire
1517:Decline of the Byzantine Empire
1339:Constantinian–Valentinianic era
885:
843:
621:
565:
554:
498:
262:
37:Κιβυρραιῶται, θέμα Κιβυρραιωτῶν
3197:Themes of the Byzantine Empire
2602:Great Palace of Constantinople
2343:Patriarchate of Constantinople
1662:
597:Nesbitt & Oikonomides 1994
13:
1:
577:
292:
285:
109:• Abolition by Manuel I
3064:University of Constantinople
2645:Arch of Galerius and Rotunda
1995:
1795:Chartoularios tou vestiariou
1484:Byzantine successor states (
534:
526:
513:
501: 685–695, 705–711
482:
472:
460:
454:
446:
438:
416:
404:
396:
320:
304:
280:
269:
246:
220:
186:
7:
2734:Saint Catherine's Monastery
1790:Chartoularios tou sakelliou
1785:Logothetes tou stratiotikou
1283:
687:, pp. 64, 81, 83, 109.
242:expedition against Carthage
169:
10:
3243:
3123:Neo-Byzantine architecture
3087:
1744:Comes sacrarum largitionum
1141:Western or European themes
864:
488:who commanded the theme's
236:or Cibyrrha the Lesser in
208:
197:
36:
3150:
3093:
3082:
3003:
2903:
2861:
2806:
2751:
2706:
2693:Sant'Apollinare in Classe
2678:
2635:
2567:
2537:
2528:
2524:
2513:
2455:
2313:
2309:
2298:
2220:
2166:
2105:
2062:
2014:
2001:
1990:
1949:
1924:
1893:
1852:
1843:
1818:
1762:
1726:
1679:
1672:
1668:
1657:
1530:
1446:
1393:
1324:
1295:
1291:
1278:
1230:
1140:
1018:
820:Pryor & Jeffreys 2006
808:Pryor & Jeffreys 2006
760:Pryor & Jeffreys 2006
736:Pryor & Jeffreys 2006
697:Pryor & Jeffreys 2006
673:Pryor & Jeffreys 2006
649:Pryor & Jeffreys 2006
343:) to the confines of the
158:
151:Theme of the Cibyrrhaeots
129:
125:
121:
117:
107:
97:
93:
85:
81:
71:
60:
55:
44:
33:Theme of the Cibyrrhaeots
32:
2267:Droungarios of the Fleet
371:, as well as the modern
2781:Early Byzantine mosaics
2143:Domestic of the Schools
1019:Eastern or Asian themes
339:(which belonged to the
3098:Byzantine commonwealth
1860:Praetorian prefectures
1780:Logothetes tou genikou
1754:Quaestor sacri palatii
1749:Comes rerum privatarum
1522:Fall of Constantinople
1461:Sack of Constantinople
946:Jeffreys, Elizabeth M.
572:Mylasa and Melanoudion
548:, but recovered under
411:
56:ca. 720/727–after 1150
2798:Komnenian renaissance
2793:Macedonian period art
2698:Sant'Apollinare Nuovo
2670:Walls of Thessaloniki
1770:Logothetes tou dromou
1385:Twenty Years' Anarchy
1349:Valentinianic dynasty
1344:Constantinian dynasty
663:, pp. 26, 50–51.
393:
302:, with its governing
2995:Units of measurement
2729:Panagia Gorgoepikoos
2622:Pammakaristos Church
2470:Corpus Juris Civilis
2421:Missionary activity
1880:Exarchate of Ravenna
1706:Imperial bureaucracy
935:Pertusi, A. (1952).
912:Oikonomides, Nicolas
511:and 16 middle-sized
351:, including the old
149:, more properly the
3227:Medieval Aegean Sea
3217:Arab–Byzantine wars
2519:Culture and society
2382:Ecumenical councils
1885:Exarchate of Africa
1875:Quaestura exercitus
1739:Magister officiorum
1734:Praetorian prefects
1377:Byzantine Dark Ages
834:, pp. 131–135.
762:, pp. 390–391.
711:, pp. 80, 135.
546:Battle of Manzikert
410:of the Cibyrrhaeots
385:Byzantine–Arab Wars
318:were elevated from
170:thema Kibyrrhaiōtōn
99:• Established
3207:Byzantine Anatolia
2936:Flags and insignia
2582:Baths of Zeuxippus
2465:Codex Theodosianus
2355:Oriental Orthodoxy
1313:Later Roman Empire
887:Kazhdan, Alexander
550:Alexios I Komnenos
458:were the imperial
420:was most probably
412:
398:spatharokandidatos
202:The Cibyrrhaeots (
3184:
3183:
3146:
3145:
3103:Byzantine studies
3078:
3077:
3074:
3073:
2889:Alexander Romance
2747:
2746:
2724:Nea Moni of Chios
2587:Blachernae Palace
2509:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2475:Code of Justinian
2323:Eastern Orthodoxy
2294:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2216:
2215:
2090:Scholae Palatinae
1986:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1951:Foreign relations
1945:
1944:
1839:
1838:
1653:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1452:(1204–1453)
1237:
1236:
1114:Cibyrrhaeot Theme
1066:Bucellarian Theme
961:978-90-04-15197-0
873:Ahrweiler, Hélène
798:, pp. 91–92.
774:, pp. 82–83.
738:, pp. 46ff..
561:Manuel I Komnenos
433:Escorial Taktikon
427:Taktikon Uspensky
335:), from south of
231:
217:
167:
159:θέμα Κιβυρραιωτῶν
147:Cibyrrhaeot Theme
143:
142:
16:(Redirected from
3234:
3171:
3084:
3083:
3027:Imperial Library
2973:Byzantine Greeks
2714:Daphni Monastery
2665:Panagia Chalkeon
2660:Hagios Demetrios
2627:Prison of Anemas
2577:Basilica Cistern
2535:
2534:
2526:
2525:
2515:
2514:
2370:West Syriac Rite
2360:Alexandrian Rite
2311:
2310:
2304:Religion and law
2300:
2299:
2235:Maritime themata
2191:Palaiologan army
2044:Military manuals
2012:
2011:
2003:
2002:
1992:
1991:
1850:
1849:
1826:Megas logothetes
1677:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1659:
1658:
1532:By modern region
1453:
1400:
1399:(717–1204)
1331:
1293:
1292:
1280:
1279:
1271:Byzantine Empire
1264:
1257:
1250:
1241:
1240:
1048:Thracesian Theme
1005:Byzantine Empire
994:
987:
980:
971:
970:
965:
944:Pryor, John H.;
940:
931:
906:
882:
859:
853:
847:
841:
835:
829:
823:
817:
811:
805:
799:
793:
787:
781:
775:
769:
763:
757:
751:
745:
739:
733:
727:
721:
712:
706:
700:
694:
688:
682:
676:
670:
664:
658:
652:
646:
640:
634:
625:
619:
600:
594:
569:
568: 1143–1180
567:
558:
557: 1081–1118
556:
539:
531:
516:
502:
500:
487:
476:of Attaleia and
475:
465:
457:
451:
443:
419:
414:The seat of the
409:
401:
345:Arab borderlands
341:Thracesian Theme
323:
309:
297:
294:
290:
287:
283:
274:
266:
264:
251:
244:in 698, when a "
227:
225:
213:
211:
210:
189:
172:
162:
160:
65:
50:Byzantine Empire
39:
38:
30:
29:
21:
3242:
3241:
3237:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3232:
3231:
3187:
3186:
3185:
3180:
3177:
3142:
3118:Cyrillic script
3089:
3070:
3015:
2999:
2899:
2881:Digenes Akritas
2857:
2802:
2743:
2707:Other locations
2702:
2674:
2631:
2563:
2552:Cross-in-square
2520:
2501:
2451:
2305:
2286:
2212:
2162:
2158:Varangian Guard
2101:
2075:East Roman army
2070:Late Roman army
2058:
1997:
1978:
1941:
1920:
1889:
1835:
1814:
1810:Epi ton deeseon
1800:Epi tou eidikou
1758:
1722:
1664:
1645:
1632:
1535:
1533:
1526:
1512:Palaiologan era
1454:
1451:
1442:
1413:Nikephorian era
1401:
1398:
1389:
1332:
1330:(330–717)
1329:
1320:
1300:
1287:
1274:
1268:
1238:
1233:
1226:
1215:Cherson/Klimata
1136:
1014:
998:
968:
962:
928:
914:, eds. (1994).
910:Nesbitt, John;
903:
867:
862:
854:
850:
842:
838:
830:
826:
818:
814:
806:
802:
794:
790:
786:, pp. 399.
782:
778:
770:
766:
758:
754:
746:
742:
734:
730:
722:
715:
707:
703:
695:
691:
683:
679:
671:
667:
659:
655:
647:
643:
635:
628:
620:
603:
595:
584:
580:
564:
553:
544:after the 1071
532:and later by a
497:
353:Roman provinces
295:
288:
261:
200:
136:
110:
100:
66:
40:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3240:
3230:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3202:Byzantine navy
3199:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3165:
3160:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3080:
3079:
3076:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3068:
3067:
3066:
3056:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3018:
3016:
3014:
3013:
3010:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2976:
2975:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2958:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2907:
2905:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2892:
2885:
2884:
2883:
2873:
2867:
2865:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2855:
2850:
2849:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2812:
2810:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2784:
2783:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2757:
2755:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2684:
2682:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2650:Byzantine Bath
2647:
2641:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2573:
2571:
2569:Constantinople
2565:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2560:
2559:
2554:
2544:
2538:
2532:
2522:
2521:
2511:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2478:
2477:
2467:
2461:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2444:
2443:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2378:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2352:
2351:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2328:Byzantine Rite
2319:
2317:
2307:
2306:
2296:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2253:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2232:
2226:
2224:
2218:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2208:Grand domestic
2205:
2204:
2203:
2198:
2188:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2174:Komnenian army
2170:
2168:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2072:
2066:
2064:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2056:
2051:
2049:Military units
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2019:Battle tactics
2015:
2009:
1999:
1998:
1988:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1955:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1897:
1895:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1856:
1854:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1822:
1820:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1720:
1715:
1714:
1713:
1711:Medieval Greek
1703:
1702:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1680:
1674:
1666:
1665:
1655:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1605:
1604:
1599:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1538:
1536:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1482:
1481:
1480:
1470:
1469:
1468:
1466:Fourth Crusade
1457:
1455:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1423:Macedonian era
1420:
1415:
1410:
1404:
1402:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1387:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1356:Theodosian era
1353:
1352:
1351:
1346:
1335:
1333:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1303:
1301:
1296:
1289:
1288:
1276:
1275:
1267:
1266:
1259:
1252:
1244:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1224:
1217:
1211:
1205:
1199:
1193:
1187:
1181:
1175:
1169:
1163:
1157:
1151:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1134:
1128:
1122:
1116:
1110:
1104:
1098:
1092:
1086:
1080:
1074:
1068:
1062:
1056:
1054:Opsician Theme
1050:
1044:
1033:Armeniac Theme
1029:
1027:Anatolic Theme
1022:
1020:
1016:
1015:
997:
996:
989:
982:
974:
967:
966:
960:
941:
932:
926:
907:
901:
889:, ed. (1991).
883:
868:
866:
863:
861:
860:
858:, p. 273.
856:Ahrweiler 1966
848:
836:
832:Ahrweiler 1966
824:
812:
810:, p. 549.
800:
796:Ahrweiler 1966
788:
784:Ahrweiler 1966
776:
772:Ahrweiler 1966
764:
752:
748:Ahrweiler 1966
740:
728:
726:, p. 150.
713:
709:Ahrweiler 1966
701:
699:, p. 267.
689:
685:Ahrweiler 1966
677:
665:
661:Ahrweiler 1966
653:
641:
639:, p. 149.
626:
601:
599:, p. 151.
581:
579:
576:
289: 719/720
265: 698–705
199:
196:
192:Byzantine navy
187:thema nautikon
141:
140:
131:
127:
126:
123:
122:
119:
118:
115:
114:
111:
108:
105:
104:
101:
98:
95:
94:
91:
90:
87:
86:Historical era
83:
82:
79:
78:
73:
69:
68:
58:
57:
53:
52:
42:
41:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3239:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3152:
3149:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3095:
3092:
3085:
3081:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3022:Encyclopedias
3020:
3019:
3017:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3005:
3002:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2969:
2966:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2946:Hellenization
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2904:Everyday life
2902:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2877:
2876:Acritic songs
2874:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2860:
2854:
2851:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2805:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2750:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2719:Hosios Loukas
2717:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2705:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2677:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2566:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2516:
2512:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2454:
2448:
2445:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2392:Monophysitism
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2365:Armenian Rite
2363:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2356:
2353:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2301:
2297:
2283:
2282:Naval battles
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2219:
2209:
2206:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2189:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2165:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1993:
1989:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1805:Protasekretis
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1719:
1716:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1707:
1704:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1660:
1656:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1529:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1450:
1445:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1433:Komnenian era
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1397:
1392:
1386:
1383:
1378:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1371:Heraclian era
1369:
1367:
1366:Justinian era
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1328:
1323:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1265:
1260:
1258:
1253:
1251:
1246:
1245:
1242:
1229:
1222:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1133:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1012:
1011:
1010:De Thematibus
1007:according to
1006:
1002:
995:
990:
988:
983:
981:
976:
975:
972:
963:
957:
953:
952:
947:
942:
938:
933:
929:
927:0-88402-226-9
923:
919:
918:
913:
908:
904:
902:0-19-504652-8
898:
894:
893:
888:
884:
880:
879:
874:
870:
869:
857:
852:
845:
840:
833:
828:
822:, p. 88.
821:
816:
809:
804:
797:
792:
785:
780:
773:
768:
761:
756:
750:, p. 82.
749:
744:
737:
732:
725:
720:
718:
710:
705:
698:
693:
686:
681:
675:, p. 32.
674:
669:
662:
657:
651:, p. 28.
650:
645:
638:
633:
631:
623:
618:
616:
614:
612:
610:
608:
606:
598:
593:
591:
589:
587:
582:
575:
573:
562:
551:
547:
543:
538:
537:
530:
529:
523:
518:
515:
510:
506:
495:
491:
486:
485:
479:
474:
469:
464:
463:
456:
450:
449:
442:
441:
435:
434:
429:
428:
423:
418:
408:
407:
406:chartoularios
400:
399:
392:
388:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
367:and parts of
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
325:
322:
317:
313:
308:
307:
301:
282:
276:
273:
272:
259:
255:
250:
249:
243:
239:
235:
230:
224:
223:
222:Kibyrrhaiōtai
216:
205:
195:
193:
188:
183:
179:
176:
171:
165:
156:
152:
148:
139:
135:
132:
130:Today part of
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
106:
102:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
77:
74:
70:
64:
59:
54:
51:
47:
43:
31:
19:
2887:
2655:Hagia Sophia
2637:Thessalonica
2612:Hagia Sophia
2592:Chora Church
2530:Architecture
2407:Great Schism
2397:Paulicianism
2375:Miaphysitism
2239:
2230:Karabisianoi
1534:or territory
1494:Thessalonica
1478:Latin Empire
1473:Frankokratia
1448:
1408:Isaurian era
1395:
1326:
1311:
1307:Roman Empire
1297:
1167:Thessalonica
1113:
1008:
950:
936:
916:
890:
877:
851:
839:
827:
815:
803:
791:
779:
767:
755:
743:
731:
724:Pertusi 1952
704:
692:
680:
668:
656:
644:
637:Pertusi 1952
542:Seljuk Turks
519:
431:
425:
413:
326:
281:Karabisianoi
277:
271:Karabisianoi
258:Tiberios III
221:
209:Κιβυρραιῶται
201:
150:
146:
144:
3138:Megali Idea
3113:Byzantinism
2816:Agriculture
2607:Hagia Irene
2440:Kievan Rus'
2417:Mount Athos
2240:Cibyrrhaeot
2184:Vestiaritai
2039:Mercenaries
1916:Catepanates
1775:Sakellarios
1694:Family tree
1619:Mesopotamia
1438:Angelid era
1418:Amorian era
1209:Longobardia
1197:Dyrrhachium
1185:Cephallenia
1179:Peloponnese
1084:Mesopotamia
1072:Paphlagonia
473:droungarioi
462:ek prosopou
321:droungarios
248:droungarios
103:ca. 720/727
89:Middle Ages
18:Cibyrrhaeot
3191:Categories
3133:Third Rome
3059:University
3042:Philosophy
3032:Inventions
2895:Historians
2863:Literature
2846:Varangians
2688:San Vitale
2617:Hippodrome
2597:City Walls
2497:Mutilation
2492:Hexabiblos
2412:Bogomilism
2402:Iconoclasm
2272:Megas doux
2262:Greek fire
2245:Aegean Sea
2118:Kleisourai
2095:Excubitors
2085:Bucellarii
1937:Despotates
1906:Kleisourai
1845:Provincial
1689:Coronation
1663:Governance
1428:Doukid era
1361:Leonid era
1219:(omitted:
1132:Aegean Sea
1041:Charsianon
1037:Cappadocia
578:References
373:Dodecanese
329:Asia Minor
312:Aegean Sea
296: 727
278:After the
182:Asia Minor
113:after 1150
2961:Octoechos
2841:Silk Road
2333:Hesychasm
2201:Paramonai
2148:Hetaireia
2080:Foederati
1969:Diplomacy
1964:Diplomats
1870:Provinces
1699:Empresses
1502:Trebizond
1298:Preceding
1191:Nicopolis
1155:Macedonia
1096:Sebasteia
1060:Optimates
522:Rus' raid
514:pamphyloi
490:Mardaites
455:strategos
417:strategos
365:Pamphylia
306:strategos
238:Pamphylia
215:translit.
175:Byzantine
173:), was a
164:romanized
3054:Scholars
3047:Rhetoric
3037:Medicine
3012:Learning
2911:Calendar
2788:Painters
2487:Basilika
2425:Bulgaria
2387:Arianism
2338:Hayhurum
2315:Religion
2277:Admirals
2196:Allagion
2128:Droungos
2034:Generals
1996:Military
1959:Treaties
1865:Dioceses
1684:Emperors
1597:Sardinia
1577:Dalmatia
1557:Bulgaria
1547:Anatolia
1506:Theodoro
1500: /
1496: /
1488: /
1221:Dalmatia
1108:Seleucia
1102:Lykandos
1090:Koloneia
1013:(c. 950)
948:(2006).
875:(1966).
484:katepano
480:and the
468:Syllaion
440:droungoi
422:Attaleia
331:(modern
76:Attaleia
3163:Outline
3108:Museums
3008:Science
2985:Slavery
2941:Gardens
2921:Cuisine
2853:Dynatoi
2821:Coinage
2808:Economy
2776:Mosaics
2739:Mystras
2680:Ravenna
2542:Secular
2430:Moravia
2179:Pronoia
2153:Akritai
2138:Tagmata
2113:Themata
2054:Revolts
2024:Battles
1932:Kephale
1901:Themata
1831:Mesazon
1673:Central
1609:Maghreb
1562:Corsica
1552:Armenia
1542:Albania
1285:History
1161:Strymon
1078:Chaldia
1035:(incl.
1003:of the
865:Sources
509:dromons
494:Lebanon
448:tourmai
369:Isauria
349:Cilicia
337:Miletus
254:Korykos
198:History
166::
72:Capital
48:of the
3173:Portal
3088:Impact
2968:People
2916:Cities
2766:Enamel
2547:Sacred
2482:Ecloga
2348:Saints
2257:Dromon
2133:Bandon
2123:Tourma
2106:Middle
2029:Beacon
1911:Bandon
1894:Middle
1763:Middle
1718:Senate
1641:Thrace
1624:Serbia
1602:Sicily
1587:Greece
1572:Cyprus
1490:Epirus
1486:Nicaea
1396:Middle
1273:topics
1203:Sicily
1173:Hellas
1149:Thrace
1120:Cyprus
1001:Themes
958:
924:
899:
528:krites
505:Cretan
470:, the
377:Levant
333:Turkey
218:
138:Turkey
134:Greece
3158:Index
2990:Death
2980:Women
2951:Music
2931:Dress
2926:Dance
2871:Novel
2831:Trade
2826:Mints
2771:Glass
2761:Icons
2557:Domes
2435:Serbs
2250:Samos
2063:Early
1853:Early
1727:Early
1636:Syria
1614:Malta
1592:Italy
1582:Egypt
1567:Crete
1498:Morea
1327:Early
1126:Samos
381:Egypt
361:Lycia
357:Caria
316:Samos
300:theme
234:Caria
204:Greek
178:theme
155:Greek
46:Theme
2956:Lyra
2836:silk
2447:Jews
2222:Navy
2167:Late
2007:Army
1974:Wars
1925:Late
1819:Late
1449:Late
1213:12.
1207:11.
1201:10.
1130:17.
1124:16.
1118:15.
1112:14.
1106:13.
1100:12.
1094:11.
1088:10.
1039:and
956:ISBN
922:ISBN
897:ISBN
536:doux
444:and
402:and
379:and
314:and
291:and
229:lit.
145:The
2753:Art
2457:Law
1195:9.
1189:8.
1183:7.
1177:6.
1171:5.
1165:4.
1159:3.
1153:2.
1147:1.
1082:9.
1076:8.
1070:7.
1064:6.
1058:5.
1052:4.
1046:3.
1031:2.
1025:1.
844:ODB
622:ODB
478:Kos
466:at
355:of
347:in
3193::
716:^
629:^
604:^
585:^
574:.
566:r.
555:r.
499:r.
363:,
359:,
293:c.
286:c.
275:.
263:r.
226:,
212:,
206::
194:.
161:,
157::
1508:)
1504:–
1492:–
1379:"
1375:"
1263:e
1256:t
1249:v
1223:)
1043:)
993:e
986:t
979:v
964:.
930:.
905:.
563:(
552:(
260:(
153:(
20:)
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