380:
52:
3158:
509:
Around the mid-11th century, as the Muslim naval threat subsided, the
Byzantine provincial fleets began a precipitate decline: the fleet of the Cibyrrhaeots is last mentioned in the repulsion of a
376:. The land, which was known for its fertility, suffered from the frequent and devastating Arab raids, which largely depopulated the countryside except for the fortified cities and naval bases.
1327:
3210:
413:. He drew an annual salary of 10 pounds of gold, and his overall rank in the imperial hierarchy was relatively low, but still senior to any other naval commander: twenty-fifth in the
3200:
2037:
980:
2270:
492:) in the 680s to provide crews and marines for the fleet. In the early 9th century, the thematic fleet of the Cibyrrhaeots comprised 70 ships; and in the
1250:
973:
379:
3146:
1500:
1401:
906:
Catalogue of
Byzantine Seals at Dumbarton Oaks and in the Fogg Museum of Art, Volume 2: South of the Balkans, the Islands, South of Asia Minor
2834:
1411:
1344:
1359:
1354:
2435:
1421:
1396:
2786:
2769:
1426:
1406:
966:
2485:
2331:
2303:
1947:
1939:
1416:
1349:
2681:
2042:
3185:
2530:
3010:
2535:
173:
from the early 8th to the late 12th centuries. As the
Byzantine Empire's first and most important naval theme (θέμα ναυτικόν,
2934:
1694:
1687:
1243:
948:
2686:
2545:
1833:
441:, and possessed the full array of typical thematic administrative positions. Among the most important subordinates of the
221: "men of Cibyrrha") derive their name from the city of Cibyrrha (it is unclear whether this is Cibyrrha the Great in
1677:
3015:
2428:
3116:
1682:
958:
914:
889:
3205:
2179:
1236:
510:
867:
Byzance et la mer. La marine de guerre, la politique et les institutions maritimes de
Byzance aux VIIe-XVe siècles
56:
The Asian themes of the
Byzantine Empire circa 842. The Cibyrrhaeots encompassed the southern shore of Asia Minor.
3151:
2973:
1505:
1273:
3121:
3111:
2983:
2904:
2722:
2590:
2162:
2106:
2027:
1894:
880:
2978:
2968:
2883:
2638:
2423:
1858:
3215:
3052:
3020:
2924:
2633:
2605:
2413:
1952:
364:. Its geographical position made it the "front-line" theme facing the attacks of the Muslim fleets of the
3195:
2776:
2418:
2265:
2022:
1773:
34:
3096:
3042:
2781:
2653:
2643:
2343:
2223:
2101:
2032:
1920:
1889:
1732:
1672:
989:
288:
166:
2956:
2480:
2336:
2121:
2012:
1899:
2255:
2007:
1494:
1373:
230:
3190:
3161:
2585:
2311:
2131:
2017:
373:
826:
3086:
2676:
2518:
1962:
1768:
1742:
1737:
1510:
1486:
1482:
1449:
560:
2804:
2658:
1848:
1758:
1722:
1607:
1337:
1332:
203:
152:
3047:
3030:
2851:
2610:
2575:
2458:
2395:
2390:
1925:
1868:
1155:
313:-level commands, the Cibyrrhaeot Theme was the only dedicated naval theme of the Empire.
8:
1957:
1873:
1863:
1727:
1490:
1478:
1365:
1185:
1173:
1167:
1072:
1060:
900:
534:
217:
3035:
3025:
2899:
2570:
2453:
2370:
2233:
1585:
1565:
1545:
1535:
1301:
1120:
1025:
934:
538:
386:
300:
988:
481:. These were the descendants of several thousand people transplanted from the area of
3157:
3091:
2996:
2929:
2909:
2877:
2809:
2796:
2717:
2712:
2463:
2078:
1597:
1550:
1540:
1530:
1179:
1143:
1084:
1054:
944:
910:
885:
875:
549:
421:
415:
1221:
Thrace and
Macedonia were counted among the Eastern themes for hierarchical purposes
2961:
2754:
2702:
2648:
2615:
2565:
2358:
2348:
2126:
1814:
1706:
1629:
1612:
1590:
1575:
1560:
1474:
1259:
1209:
1096:
1078:
1036:
993:
861:
493:
372:, and consequently the Cibyrrhaeots played a major role in the naval aspect of the
329:
163:
38:
256:). At the time, the Cibyrrhaeots were subordinate to the great naval corps of the
3106:
2939:
2919:
2914:
2869:
2859:
2819:
2814:
2764:
2759:
2540:
2146:
2063:
2058:
1798:
1788:
1624:
1618:
1602:
1580:
1570:
1555:
1203:
1149:
938:
904:
865:
425:
of 971–975. Like its other counterparts, the
Cibyrrhaeot Theme was divided into
2944:
2824:
2557:
2316:
2210:
2196:
1995:
1699:
1454:
1191:
1161:
1137:
1108:
1021:
1015:
341:
192:
180:
143:
3179:
2864:
2741:
2707:
2445:
2380:
2353:
2238:
1853:
1793:
1114:
998:
394:
304:
2625:
2600:
2580:
2385:
2363:
2218:
1466:
1461:
1295:
530:
259:
246:
1228:
3126:
3101:
2595:
2405:
2172:
1778:
1763:
1197:
450:
299:
first attested in 731/732. Until the 9th century, when the themes of the
236:
2400:
2260:
2250:
2083:
2073:
1783:
1029:
361:
317:
170:
51:
2949:
2829:
2321:
2189:
2136:
2068:
1048:
522:
514:
501:
496:
expedition of 911, the
Cibyrrhaeot theme sent 31 warships – 15 large
478:
470:
460:
448:
442:
434:
426:
404:
392:
384:
353:
308:
294:
292:
268:
257:
234:
226:
208:
174:
2475:
2375:
2326:
2184:
2116:
1904:
1090:
1042:
667:
581:
579:
577:
575:
513:
in 1043, and the theme became a purely civil province, headed by a
472:
456:
428:
410:
64:
909:. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection.
2841:
2727:
2668:
2167:
2141:
1819:
1066:
482:
357:
337:
333:
325:
242:
742:
572:
2470:
2245:
2111:
516:
497:
436:
365:
321:
245:: Apsimar, who at the head of a fleet revolt became emperor as
126:
122:
718:
643:
369:
349:
345:
222:
196:
24:
814:
790:
241:
2749:
802:
691:
679:
778:
754:
655:
631:
3211:
States and territories disestablished in the 12th century
708:
706:
524:
466:
179:), it served chiefly to provide ships and troops for the
838:
766:
621:
619:
559:), and the territory in Caria subordinated to the theme
730:
940:
The Age of the ΔΡΟΜΩΝ: The
Byzantine Navy ca. 500–1204
703:
3201:
States and territories established in the 8th century
870:(in French). Paris: Presses universitaires de France.
616:
928:(in Italian). Rome: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana.
273:were disbanded (the exact date is disputed between
157:
898:
585:
287:), the Cibyrrhaeots were constituted as a regular
3177:
943:. Leiden and Boston: Brill Academic Publishers.
884:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
1619:Spain (Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands)
835:, "Mylasa and Melanoudion" (C. Foss), p. 1428.
1244:
974:
932:
808:
796:
748:
724:
685:
661:
637:
316:The theme encompassed the southern coast of
1258:
548:). The rump theme was finally abolished by
485:and settled there by Emperor Justinian II (
419:of 842/843, dropping to fifty-fifth in the
1251:
1237:
981:
967:
50:
860:
844:
820:
784:
772:
760:
736:
697:
673:
649:
926:Constantino Porfirogenito: De Thematibus
529:. Most of its territory was lost to the
378:
2507:
923:
712:
625:
3178:
506:– with 6,000 oarsmen and 760 marines.
3075:
2506:
2291:
1983:
1650:
1271:
1232:
962:
613:, "Kibyrrhaiotai" (C. Foss), p. 1127.
606:
604:
602:
600:
598:
596:
594:
2292:
229:). The command first appears in the
1994:
383:10th/11th-century seal of Niketas,
169:encompassing the southern coast of
13:
881:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
591:
14:
3227:
3117:Greek scholars in the Renaissance
3156:
16:Province of the Byzantine Empire
1506:Decline of the Byzantine Empire
1328:Constantinian–Valentinianic era
874:
832:
610:
554:
543:
487:
251:
26:Κιβυρραιῶται, θέμα Κιβυρραιωτῶν
3186:Themes of the Byzantine Empire
2591:Great Palace of Constantinople
2332:Patriarchate of Constantinople
1651:
586:Nesbitt & Oikonomides 1994
1:
566:
281:
274:
98:• Abolition by Manuel I
3053:University of Constantinople
2634:Arch of Galerius and Rotunda
1984:
1784:Chartoularios tou vestiariou
1473:Byzantine successor states (
523:
515:
502:
490: 685–695, 705–711
471:
461:
449:
443:
435:
427:
405:
393:
385:
309:
293:
269:
258:
235:
209:
175:
7:
2723:Saint Catherine's Monastery
1779:Chartoularios tou sakelliou
1774:Logothetes tou stratiotikou
1272:
676:, pp. 64, 81, 83, 109.
231:expedition against Carthage
158:
10:
3232:
3112:Neo-Byzantine architecture
3076:
1733:Comes sacrarum largitionum
1130:Western or European themes
853:
477:who commanded the theme's
225:or Cibyrrha the Lesser in
197:
186:
25:
3139:
3082:
3071:
2992:
2892:
2850:
2795:
2740:
2695:
2682:Sant'Apollinare in Classe
2667:
2624:
2556:
2526:
2517:
2513:
2502:
2444:
2302:
2298:
2287:
2209:
2155:
2094:
2051:
2003:
1990:
1979:
1938:
1913:
1882:
1841:
1832:
1807:
1751:
1715:
1668:
1661:
1657:
1646:
1519:
1435:
1382:
1313:
1284:
1280:
1267:
1219:
1129:
1007:
809:Pryor & Jeffreys 2006
797:Pryor & Jeffreys 2006
749:Pryor & Jeffreys 2006
725:Pryor & Jeffreys 2006
686:Pryor & Jeffreys 2006
662:Pryor & Jeffreys 2006
638:Pryor & Jeffreys 2006
332:) to the confines of the
147:
140:Theme of the Cibyrrhaeots
118:
114:
110:
106:
96:
86:
82:
74:
70:
60:
49:
44:
33:
22:Theme of the Cibyrrhaeots
21:
2256:Droungarios of the Fleet
360:, as well as the modern
2770:Early Byzantine mosaics
2132:Domestic of the Schools
1008:Eastern or Asian themes
328:(which belonged to the
3087:Byzantine commonwealth
1849:Praetorian prefectures
1769:Logothetes tou genikou
1743:Quaestor sacri palatii
1738:Comes rerum privatarum
1511:Fall of Constantinople
1450:Sack of Constantinople
935:Jeffreys, Elizabeth M.
561:Mylasa and Melanoudion
537:, but recovered under
400:
45:ca. 720/727–after 1150
2787:Komnenian renaissance
2782:Macedonian period art
2687:Sant'Apollinare Nuovo
2659:Walls of Thessaloniki
1759:Logothetes tou dromou
1374:Twenty Years' Anarchy
1338:Valentinianic dynasty
1333:Constantinian dynasty
652:, pp. 26, 50–51.
382:
291:, with its governing
2984:Units of measurement
2718:Panagia Gorgoepikoos
2611:Pammakaristos Church
2459:Corpus Juris Civilis
2410:Missionary activity
1869:Exarchate of Ravenna
1695:Imperial bureaucracy
924:Pertusi, A. (1952).
901:Oikonomides, Nicolas
500:and 16 middle-sized
340:, including the old
138:, more properly the
3216:Medieval Aegean Sea
3206:Arab–Byzantine wars
2508:Culture and society
2371:Ecumenical councils
1874:Exarchate of Africa
1864:Quaestura exercitus
1728:Magister officiorum
1723:Praetorian prefects
1366:Byzantine Dark Ages
823:, pp. 131–135.
751:, pp. 390–391.
700:, pp. 80, 135.
535:Battle of Manzikert
399:of the Cibyrrhaeots
374:Byzantine–Arab Wars
307:were elevated from
159:thema Kibyrrhaiōtōn
88:• Established
3196:Byzantine Anatolia
2925:Flags and insignia
2571:Baths of Zeuxippus
2454:Codex Theodosianus
2344:Oriental Orthodoxy
1302:Later Roman Empire
876:Kazhdan, Alexander
539:Alexios I Komnenos
447:were the imperial
409:was most probably
401:
387:spatharokandidatos
191:The Cibyrrhaeots (
3173:
3172:
3135:
3134:
3092:Byzantine studies
3067:
3066:
3063:
3062:
2878:Alexander Romance
2736:
2735:
2713:Nea Moni of Chios
2576:Blachernae Palace
2498:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2464:Code of Justinian
2312:Eastern Orthodoxy
2283:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2205:
2204:
2079:Scholae Palatinae
1975:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1940:Foreign relations
1934:
1933:
1828:
1827:
1642:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1441:(1204–1453)
1226:
1225:
1103:Cibyrrhaeot Theme
1055:Bucellarian Theme
950:978-90-04-15197-0
862:Ahrweiler, Hélène
787:, pp. 91–92.
763:, pp. 82–83.
727:, pp. 46ff..
550:Manuel I Komnenos
422:Escorial Taktikon
416:Taktikon Uspensky
324:), from south of
220:
206:
156:
148:θέμα Κιβυρραιωτῶν
136:Cibyrrhaeot Theme
132:
131:
3223:
3160:
3073:
3072:
3016:Imperial Library
2962:Byzantine Greeks
2703:Daphni Monastery
2654:Panagia Chalkeon
2649:Hagios Demetrios
2616:Prison of Anemas
2566:Basilica Cistern
2524:
2523:
2515:
2514:
2504:
2503:
2359:West Syriac Rite
2349:Alexandrian Rite
2300:
2299:
2293:Religion and law
2289:
2288:
2224:Maritime themata
2180:Palaiologan army
2033:Military manuals
2001:
2000:
1992:
1991:
1981:
1980:
1839:
1838:
1815:Megas logothetes
1666:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1648:
1647:
1521:By modern region
1442:
1389:
1388:(717–1204)
1320:
1282:
1281:
1269:
1268:
1260:Byzantine Empire
1253:
1246:
1239:
1230:
1229:
1037:Thracesian Theme
994:Byzantine Empire
983:
976:
969:
960:
959:
954:
933:Pryor, John H.;
929:
920:
895:
871:
848:
842:
836:
830:
824:
818:
812:
806:
800:
794:
788:
782:
776:
770:
764:
758:
752:
746:
740:
734:
728:
722:
716:
710:
701:
695:
689:
683:
677:
671:
665:
659:
653:
647:
641:
635:
629:
623:
614:
608:
589:
583:
558:
557: 1143–1180
556:
547:
546: 1081–1118
545:
528:
520:
505:
491:
489:
476:
465:of Attaleia and
464:
454:
446:
440:
432:
408:
403:The seat of the
398:
390:
334:Arab borderlands
330:Thracesian Theme
312:
298:
286:
283:
279:
276:
272:
263:
255:
253:
240:
233:in 698, when a "
216:
214:
202:
200:
199:
178:
161:
151:
149:
54:
39:Byzantine Empire
28:
27:
19:
18:
3231:
3230:
3226:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3176:
3175:
3174:
3169:
3166:
3131:
3107:Cyrillic script
3078:
3059:
3004:
2988:
2888:
2870:Digenes Akritas
2846:
2791:
2732:
2696:Other locations
2691:
2663:
2620:
2552:
2541:Cross-in-square
2509:
2490:
2440:
2294:
2275:
2201:
2151:
2147:Varangian Guard
2090:
2064:East Roman army
2059:Late Roman army
2047:
1986:
1967:
1930:
1909:
1878:
1824:
1803:
1799:Epi ton deeseon
1789:Epi tou eidikou
1747:
1711:
1653:
1634:
1621:
1524:
1522:
1515:
1501:Palaiologan era
1443:
1440:
1431:
1402:Nikephorian era
1390:
1387:
1378:
1321:
1319:(330–717)
1318:
1309:
1289:
1276:
1263:
1257:
1227:
1222:
1215:
1204:Cherson/Klimata
1125:
1003:
987:
957:
951:
917:
903:, eds. (1994).
899:Nesbitt, John;
892:
856:
851:
843:
839:
831:
827:
819:
815:
807:
803:
795:
791:
783:
779:
775:, pp. 399.
771:
767:
759:
755:
747:
743:
735:
731:
723:
719:
711:
704:
696:
692:
684:
680:
672:
668:
660:
656:
648:
644:
636:
632:
624:
617:
609:
592:
584:
573:
569:
553:
542:
533:after the 1071
521:and later by a
486:
342:Roman provinces
284:
277:
250:
189:
125:
99:
89:
55:
29:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3229:
3219:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3191:Byzantine navy
3188:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3154:
3149:
3143:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3069:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3045:
3040:
3039:
3038:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3007:
3005:
3003:
3002:
2999:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2954:
2953:
2952:
2947:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2896:
2894:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2886:
2881:
2874:
2873:
2872:
2862:
2856:
2854:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2839:
2838:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2801:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2773:
2772:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2746:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2699:
2697:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2673:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2639:Byzantine Bath
2636:
2630:
2628:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2562:
2560:
2558:Constantinople
2554:
2553:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2548:
2543:
2533:
2527:
2521:
2511:
2510:
2500:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2467:
2466:
2456:
2450:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2438:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2367:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2341:
2340:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2317:Byzantine Rite
2308:
2306:
2296:
2295:
2285:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2242:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2221:
2215:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2199:
2197:Grand domestic
2194:
2193:
2192:
2187:
2177:
2176:
2175:
2170:
2163:Komnenian army
2159:
2157:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2087:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2061:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2040:
2038:Military units
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2008:Battle tactics
2004:
1998:
1988:
1987:
1977:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1944:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1928:
1923:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1886:
1884:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1845:
1843:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1817:
1811:
1809:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1719:
1717:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1704:
1703:
1702:
1700:Medieval Greek
1692:
1691:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1669:
1663:
1655:
1654:
1644:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1588:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1527:
1525:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1455:Fourth Crusade
1446:
1444:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1412:Macedonian era
1409:
1404:
1399:
1393:
1391:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1345:Theodosian era
1342:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1324:
1322:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1305:
1292:
1290:
1285:
1278:
1277:
1265:
1264:
1256:
1255:
1248:
1241:
1233:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1213:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1170:
1164:
1158:
1152:
1146:
1140:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1123:
1117:
1111:
1105:
1099:
1093:
1087:
1081:
1075:
1069:
1063:
1057:
1051:
1045:
1043:Opsician Theme
1039:
1033:
1022:Armeniac Theme
1018:
1016:Anatolic Theme
1011:
1009:
1005:
1004:
986:
985:
978:
971:
963:
956:
955:
949:
930:
921:
915:
896:
890:
878:, ed. (1991).
872:
857:
855:
852:
850:
849:
847:, p. 273.
845:Ahrweiler 1966
837:
825:
821:Ahrweiler 1966
813:
801:
799:, p. 549.
789:
785:Ahrweiler 1966
777:
773:Ahrweiler 1966
765:
761:Ahrweiler 1966
753:
741:
737:Ahrweiler 1966
729:
717:
715:, p. 150.
702:
698:Ahrweiler 1966
690:
688:, p. 267.
678:
674:Ahrweiler 1966
666:
654:
650:Ahrweiler 1966
642:
630:
628:, p. 149.
615:
590:
588:, p. 151.
570:
568:
565:
278: 719/720
254: 698–705
188:
185:
181:Byzantine navy
176:thema nautikon
130:
129:
120:
116:
115:
112:
111:
108:
107:
104:
103:
100:
97:
94:
93:
90:
87:
84:
83:
80:
79:
76:
75:Historical era
72:
71:
68:
67:
62:
58:
57:
47:
46:
42:
41:
31:
30:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3228:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3141:
3138:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3081:
3074:
3070:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3011:Encyclopedias
3009:
3008:
3006:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2991:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2955:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2935:Hellenization
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2893:Everyday life
2891:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2866:
2865:Acritic songs
2863:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2849:
2843:
2840:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2794:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2739:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2708:Hosios Loukas
2706:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2694:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2623:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2555:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2505:
2501:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2443:
2437:
2434:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2381:Monophysitism
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2354:Armenian Rite
2352:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2345:
2342:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2290:
2286:
2272:
2271:Naval battles
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2198:
2195:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2178:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2154:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1982:
1978:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1831:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1794:Protasekretis
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1750:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1714:
1708:
1705:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1696:
1693:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1649:
1645:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1518:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1460:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1439:
1434:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1422:Komnenian era
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1386:
1381:
1375:
1372:
1367:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1360:Heraclian era
1358:
1356:
1355:Justinian era
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1317:
1312:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1266:
1261:
1254:
1249:
1247:
1242:
1240:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1218:
1211:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1122:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1001:
1000:
999:De Thematibus
996:according to
995:
991:
984:
979:
977:
972:
970:
965:
964:
961:
952:
946:
942:
941:
936:
931:
927:
922:
918:
916:0-88402-226-9
912:
908:
907:
902:
897:
893:
891:0-19-504652-8
887:
883:
882:
877:
873:
869:
868:
863:
859:
858:
846:
841:
834:
829:
822:
817:
811:, p. 88.
810:
805:
798:
793:
786:
781:
774:
769:
762:
757:
750:
745:
739:, p. 82.
738:
733:
726:
721:
714:
709:
707:
699:
694:
687:
682:
675:
670:
664:, p. 32.
663:
658:
651:
646:
640:, p. 28.
639:
634:
627:
622:
620:
612:
607:
605:
603:
601:
599:
597:
595:
587:
582:
580:
578:
576:
571:
564:
562:
551:
540:
536:
532:
527:
526:
519:
518:
512:
507:
504:
499:
495:
484:
480:
475:
474:
468:
463:
458:
453:
452:
445:
439:
438:
431:
430:
424:
423:
418:
417:
412:
407:
397:
396:
395:chartoularios
389:
388:
381:
377:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
356:and parts of
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
314:
311:
306:
302:
297:
296:
290:
271:
265:
262:
261:
248:
244:
239:
238:
232:
228:
224:
219:
213:
212:
211:Kibyrrhaiōtai
205:
194:
184:
182:
177:
172:
168:
165:
160:
154:
145:
141:
137:
128:
124:
121:
119:Today part of
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
95:
91:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
66:
63:
59:
53:
48:
43:
40:
36:
32:
20:
2876:
2644:Hagia Sophia
2626:Thessalonica
2601:Hagia Sophia
2581:Chora Church
2519:Architecture
2396:Great Schism
2386:Paulicianism
2364:Miaphysitism
2228:
2219:Karabisianoi
1523:or territory
1483:Thessalonica
1467:Latin Empire
1462:Frankokratia
1437:
1397:Isaurian era
1384:
1315:
1300:
1296:Roman Empire
1286:
1156:Thessalonica
1102:
997:
939:
925:
905:
879:
866:
840:
828:
816:
804:
792:
780:
768:
756:
744:
732:
720:
713:Pertusi 1952
693:
681:
669:
657:
645:
633:
626:Pertusi 1952
531:Seljuk Turks
508:
420:
414:
402:
315:
270:Karabisianoi
266:
260:Karabisianoi
247:Tiberios III
210:
198:Κιβυρραιῶται
190:
139:
135:
133:
3127:Megali Idea
3102:Byzantinism
2805:Agriculture
2596:Hagia Irene
2429:Kievan Rus'
2406:Mount Athos
2229:Cibyrrhaeot
2173:Vestiaritai
2028:Mercenaries
1905:Catepanates
1764:Sakellarios
1683:Family tree
1608:Mesopotamia
1427:Angelid era
1407:Amorian era
1198:Longobardia
1186:Dyrrhachium
1174:Cephallenia
1168:Peloponnese
1073:Mesopotamia
1061:Paphlagonia
462:droungarioi
451:ek prosopou
310:droungarios
237:droungarios
92:ca. 720/727
78:Middle Ages
3180:Categories
3122:Third Rome
3048:University
3031:Philosophy
3021:Inventions
2884:Historians
2852:Literature
2835:Varangians
2677:San Vitale
2606:Hippodrome
2586:City Walls
2486:Mutilation
2481:Hexabiblos
2401:Bogomilism
2391:Iconoclasm
2261:Megas doux
2251:Greek fire
2234:Aegean Sea
2107:Kleisourai
2084:Excubitors
2074:Bucellarii
1926:Despotates
1895:Kleisourai
1834:Provincial
1678:Coronation
1652:Governance
1417:Doukid era
1350:Leonid era
1208:(omitted:
1121:Aegean Sea
1030:Charsianon
1026:Cappadocia
567:References
362:Dodecanese
318:Asia Minor
301:Aegean Sea
285: 727
267:After the
171:Asia Minor
102:after 1150
2950:Octoechos
2830:Silk Road
2322:Hesychasm
2190:Paramonai
2137:Hetaireia
2069:Foederati
1958:Diplomacy
1953:Diplomats
1859:Provinces
1688:Empresses
1491:Trebizond
1287:Preceding
1180:Nicopolis
1144:Macedonia
1085:Sebasteia
1049:Optimates
511:Rus' raid
503:pamphyloi
479:Mardaites
444:strategos
406:strategos
354:Pamphylia
295:strategos
227:Pamphylia
204:translit.
164:Byzantine
162:), was a
153:romanized
3043:Scholars
3036:Rhetoric
3026:Medicine
3001:Learning
2900:Calendar
2777:Painters
2476:Basilika
2414:Bulgaria
2376:Arianism
2327:Hayhurum
2304:Religion
2266:Admirals
2185:Allagion
2117:Droungos
2023:Generals
1985:Military
1948:Treaties
1854:Dioceses
1673:Emperors
1586:Sardinia
1566:Dalmatia
1546:Bulgaria
1536:Anatolia
1495:Theodoro
1489: /
1485: /
1477: /
1210:Dalmatia
1097:Seleucia
1091:Lykandos
1079:Koloneia
1002:(c. 950)
937:(2006).
864:(1966).
473:katepano
469:and the
457:Syllaion
429:droungoi
411:Attaleia
320:(modern
65:Attaleia
3152:Outline
3097:Museums
2997:Science
2974:Slavery
2930:Gardens
2910:Cuisine
2842:Dynatoi
2810:Coinage
2797:Economy
2765:Mosaics
2728:Mystras
2669:Ravenna
2531:Secular
2419:Moravia
2168:Pronoia
2142:Akritai
2127:Tagmata
2102:Themata
2043:Revolts
2013:Battles
1921:Kephale
1890:Themata
1820:Mesazon
1662:Central
1598:Maghreb
1551:Corsica
1541:Armenia
1531:Albania
1274:History
1150:Strymon
1067:Chaldia
1024:(incl.
992:of the
854:Sources
498:dromons
483:Lebanon
437:tourmai
358:Isauria
338:Cilicia
326:Miletus
243:Korykos
187:History
155::
61:Capital
37:of the
3162:Portal
3077:Impact
2957:People
2905:Cities
2755:Enamel
2536:Sacred
2471:Ecloga
2337:Saints
2246:Dromon
2122:Bandon
2112:Tourma
2095:Middle
2018:Beacon
1900:Bandon
1883:Middle
1752:Middle
1707:Senate
1630:Thrace
1613:Serbia
1591:Sicily
1576:Greece
1561:Cyprus
1479:Epirus
1475:Nicaea
1385:Middle
1262:topics
1192:Sicily
1162:Hellas
1138:Thrace
1109:Cyprus
990:Themes
947:
913:
888:
517:krites
494:Cretan
459:, the
366:Levant
322:Turkey
207:
127:Turkey
123:Greece
3147:Index
2979:Death
2969:Women
2940:Music
2920:Dress
2915:Dance
2860:Novel
2820:Trade
2815:Mints
2760:Glass
2750:Icons
2546:Domes
2424:Serbs
2239:Samos
2052:Early
1842:Early
1716:Early
1625:Syria
1603:Malta
1581:Italy
1571:Egypt
1556:Crete
1487:Morea
1316:Early
1115:Samos
370:Egypt
350:Lycia
346:Caria
305:Samos
289:theme
223:Caria
193:Greek
167:theme
144:Greek
35:Theme
2945:Lyra
2825:silk
2436:Jews
2211:Navy
2156:Late
1996:Army
1963:Wars
1914:Late
1808:Late
1438:Late
1202:12.
1196:11.
1190:10.
1119:17.
1113:16.
1107:15.
1101:14.
1095:13.
1089:12.
1083:11.
1077:10.
1028:and
945:ISBN
911:ISBN
886:ISBN
525:doux
433:and
391:and
368:and
303:and
280:and
218:lit.
134:The
2742:Art
2446:Law
1184:9.
1178:8.
1172:7.
1166:6.
1160:5.
1154:4.
1148:3.
1142:2.
1136:1.
1071:9.
1065:8.
1059:7.
1053:6.
1047:5.
1041:4.
1035:3.
1020:2.
1014:1.
833:ODB
611:ODB
467:Kos
455:at
344:of
336:in
3182::
705:^
618:^
593:^
574:^
563:.
555:r.
544:r.
488:r.
352:,
348:,
282:c.
275:c.
264:.
252:r.
215:,
201:,
195::
183:.
150:,
146::
1497:)
1493:–
1481:–
1368:"
1364:"
1252:e
1245:t
1238:v
1212:)
1032:)
982:e
975:t
968:v
953:.
919:.
894:.
552:(
541:(
249:(
142:(
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