Cilicia - Knowledge

2178: 987: 4083: 2073: 2057: 5658: 5151:, is a huge park of around 55,000 hectares, the summit of Demirkazik at 3756 m is the highest point in the middle Taurus mountain range. There is a huge range of flora and fauna, and visitors may fish in the streams full of trout. Wildlife includes wild goats, bears, lynx and sable. The most common species of plant life is black pine and cluster pine trees, with some cedar dotted between, and fir trees in the northern areas with higher humidity. The Alpine region, from the upper borders of the forest, has pastures with rocky areas and little variety of plant life because of the high altitude and slope. 1629: 86: 4146: 1645: 2937: 2799: 4892: 2236: 10316: 1417: 3805: 3751: 5952: 3665: 3887: 2697: 3070: 11946: 2568: 1019: 1238: 1988: 6110:, two mountainous areas where autonomy was maintained until the 19th century. In ports and cities of the Adana plain, commerce and industry were almost entirely in the hands of the Armenians and they remained so thanks to a constant influx of Armenians from the highlands. Their population was continuously increasing in numbers in Cilicia in contrast to other parts of the Ottoman Empire, where it was, since 1878, decreasing due to repression. 4990: 3126: 7067: 6124: 5840: 790: 4093: 4136: 751:), each of which brings down much silt from the deforested interior and which fed extensive wetlands. The Sarus now enters the sea almost due south of Tarsus, but there are clear indications that at one period it joined the Pyramus, and that the united rivers ran to the sea west of Kara-tash. Through the rich plain of Issus ran the great highway that linked east and west, on which stood the cities of 4749: 2810:, two major cities of the plain, leaving few castles to Armenians. In 1375, Mamluks gained the control of the remaining areas of Cilicia, thus ending the three centuries rule of Armenians. Cilicia Pedias became part of the Mamluk Sultanate in 1375. Mamluk Sultanate authorized Ramazan Beg led Türkmen Emirate to administer Cilicia, but took direct control of the towns, Tarsus, 5055:, built in the 3rd century, served as the centre of the ancient metropolis of Anavarza. The city was built on a hill and had strategic importance, controlling the Cilician plain. The main castle and the city walls represent remains of the city. The city wall is 1500 m. long and 8-10m. high, with 4 entrances to the city. The castle is located 80 km. northeast of 2123:, and how the Cilician Gates had been "impassable if obstructed by the enemy". Alexander reasoned that by force alone he could frighten the defenders and break through, and he gathered his men to do so. In the cover of night, they attacked, startling the guards and sending them and their satrap into full flight, setting their crops aflame as they made for 3057:, Ottoman telegraph was received by the Governor to deport the more than 70,000 Armenians of the Adana Vilayet to Syria. Armenians of Zeitun had organized a successful resistance against the Ottoman onslaught. In order to finally subjugate Zeitun, the Ottomans had to resort to treachery by forcing an Armenian delegation from Marash to ask the 5179:, is known for having an ecosystem different from the Mediterranean. The main species of trees around Kengerliduz are beech, oak and fir, and around Tekkoz are hornbeam, ash, beach, black pine and silver birch. The main animal species in the area are wild goat, roe deer, bear, hyena, wild cat, wagtail, wolf, jackal and fox. 3237:, who built their wealth on owning confiscated or cheaply purchased properties. Forcible change in means of production led to abuse of wealth and harsh treatment of labor later in the 20th century, as the new possessors did not have the necessary management attributes that the previous owners had for centuries. 3500:

During the Achaemenid period, the administration of Cilicia was stable and efficient, thanks to which it was agriculturally very productive and was capable of holding large military concentrations. The fact that the king of kings Darius I expected 500 talents of silver as tribute from Cilicia attests

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There are numerous private primary and high schools besides the state schools in the region. Most popular high school in the region is Tarsus American College, founded as a missionary school in 1888 to serve Armenian community and then became a secular school in 1923. Adana Anatolian High School and

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covers an area of 16,430 hectares within the Seyhan-Ceyhan delta, with its lakes, lagoons and wide collection of plant and animal species. The area is an important location for many species of migrating birds, the number gets higher during the winters when the lakes become a shelter when other lakes

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The duties of the satrap including maintaining peace within his satrapy to ensure agriculture could be conducted and tribute could be produced, as well as to keep the locations at higher altitudes and the mountain passes under control loyal to the Achaemenid crown, to which it contributed 360 horses

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Heaven & Hell consists of the grabens result from assoil of furrings in the thousands of years. Natural fenomen of this grabens is called as Heaven & Hell because of the exotic effects on people.You can go Heaven hole from an ancient path which has 452 steps and you can reach 260-meter long

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Like the other western satrapies of the Achaemenid Empire, the satrap of Cilicia owned an estate with a palace at Tarsus, which was a large and thriving city during the Achaemenid period. Subordinate to the satrap in the local administration were lower rank officials, with some of them being landed

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brought to Cilicia from Syria to work at the flourishing agricultural lands. İbrahim Paşa, the son of Muhammed Ali Paşa, demolished the Adana Castle and the city walls in 1836. He built the canals for irrigation and transportation and also built water systems for the residential areas of the towns.

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Nevertheless, the western pert of Cilicia, corresponding to the later Graeco-Roman Rough Cilicia, probably remained independent of Persian rule and of the administration of the satrap of Tarsus except for the narrow strip of flat land along its coast, due to which the imperial authorities often led

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extended the use of the name of the state of Ḫilakku to the territory of both Ḫilakku and its neighbour Ḫiyawa. It is however uncertain how this naming convention arose, and whether it was the result of political expansion by Ḫilakku or of Greeks first coming into contact with Ḫilakku and using its

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is famous for its cultural as well as natural value, especially for St Pierre Church, which was carved into the rocks. The Charon monument, 200 m north of the church, is huge sculpture of Haron, known as Boatman of Hell in mythology, carved into the rocks. The main species of tree are cluster

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The Cilicia plain has some of the most fertile soil in the world in which 3 harvests can be taken each year. The region has the second richest flora in the world and it is the producer of all agricultural products of Turkey except hazelnut and tobacco. Cilicia leads Turkey in soy, peanuts and corn

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This Luwian population persisted in Cilicia in the 1st millennium BC until the later Hellenistic and Roman periods, hence why the onomastics of this region, especially in its western part (Rough Cilicia), were Luwian in character, implying that it was inhabited by a large number of Luwian speakers

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style; summers are hot while winters are mild, making the land, particularly, the eastern plains, fertile. In the coldest month (January), the average temperature is 9 °C, and in the warmest month (August), the average temperature is 28 °C. The mountains of Cilicia have an inland climate

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a great Mameluk army moved in and began to plunder but Ibrahim Bey's army achieved a great victory against the Mameluks in Belen. Also in this battle Temur Bey, the general of the Mameluks, had been captured. Yilboga, the amir of Aleppo moved on to the Turkmens after this defeat and he conquered

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is a large wildlife refuge which acts as a stopover for migratory birds voyaging from Africa to Europe. The wildlife refuge has a 14,700 ha (36,000-acre) area made up of forests, lagoon, marsh, sandy and reedy lands. Akyatan lake is a natural wonder with endemic plants and endangered bird

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Like in the rest of the western satrapies of the Achaemenid Empire, Persians had moved in Cilicia, and archaeological evidence such as reliefs from Silifke, Adana and Korykos suggest that a Persian nobility as well as a Persianised nobility existed in Cilicia during the Achaemenid period.

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that broke out in 1861 disturbed the cotton flow to Europe and directed European cotton traders to fertile Cilicia. The region became the centre of cotton trade and one of the most economically strong regions of the Empire within decades. In 1869, Adana Eyalet was re-established as

1586:, Cilicia contributed both troops and ships for the Achaemenid conquest of the Aegean Sea: the Cilician ruler Syennesis II led these ships, but was killed in battle. At this time, the ruling dynasty of Cilicia had been linked by marriage bonds with Carian notables. 4637:

Cilicia is one of the first industrialized regions of Turkey. With the improvements in agriculture and the spike of agricultural yield, agriculture-based industries are built in large numbers. Today, the manufacturing industry is mainly concentrated around

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Cilicia during the Achaemenid period was inhabited by tribal populations who were led by native chieftains, and it contained fortified strongholds protecting its agricultural land and its inhabitants, as well as various native and Persian cities and towns.

8051:, p. 74. "King Het'um of Lesser Armenia, who had reflected profoundly upon the deliverance afforded by the Mongols from his neighbors and enemies in Rum, sent his brother, the Constable Smbat (Sempad) to Guyug's court to offer his submission." 3133:

With the changing political environment and interests, the French further reversed their policy: The repatriation was halted, and the French ultimately abandoned all pretensions to Cilicia, which they had originally hoped to attach to their

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Parallel to the highway network in Cilicia, there is an extensive railway network. Adana-Mersin train runs as a commuter train between Mersin, Tarsus and Adana. There are also regional trains from Adana to Ceyhan, Osmaniye and İskenderun.

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to Cilicia who were granted the ownership of large farms, factories, stores and mansions. Within a decade, Cilicia had a sharp change demographically, socially and economically and lost its diversity by turning into solely Muslim/Turkish.

2393:(1:21). After Christianity became the official religion of the Roman Empire in the 4th century, Cilicia was included in the territories of the patriarchate of Antioch. The region was divided into two civil and ecclesiastical provinces: 3216:

were relocated in the old Armenian and Greek neighbourhoods and villages of the region. All types of properties, lands, houses and workshops were distributed to them. Also during this period, there was a property rush of Muslims from

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Once the revolt of Cyrus the Younger had been suppressed, Cilicia was again used as an assembly point for Achaemenid forces in preparation for military action in the Aegean Sea during 396 to 395 BC, and against Cyprus in the 380s BC.

3208:, the Turkish government enacted the "Law of Abandoned Properties" which confiscated properties of Armenians and Greeks who were not present on their property. Cilicia were one of the regions with the most confiscated property, thus 5252:

is a state university founded in 1992, and currently serving with 11 faculties, 6 colleges and 9 vocational schools. The university employs more than 2100 academicians and enrolls 26,980 students. Main campus is in the city of

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The population of the eastern part of ancient Cilicia was urbanised and participated in commercial and industrial activities, while the inhabitants of its western regions were tribally organised and led simpler lifestyles.

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is a recently founded state university that is planned to have ten faculties, two institutions and a college. It will accommodate 1,700 academic, 470 administrative staff, and it is expected to enroll students by 2012.

5042:, an 11th-century Crusader castle built on a historical road connecting the Taurus mountains with the city of Antakya. The castle has 8 round towers, a military guardhouse and a church. It is located 5 km. west of 2599:. This Christian state, surrounded by Muslim states hostile to its existence, had a stormy history of about 300 years, giving valuable support to the Crusaders, and trading with the great commercial cities of Italy. 9867: 4539:

are some of the towns in the region where fishing is the major source of income. Gray mullet, red mullet, sea bass, lagos, calamari and gilt-head bream are some of the most popular fish in the region. There are

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Hatay is the most rural province of Cilicia and also Hatay is the only province that the rural population is rising and the urban population is declining. The major reason is the mountainous geography of Hatay.

5114:, a 6th-century giant structure built on a desolate hill 18 km south of Antakya. The most striking features of this monastery are its cisterns, its storage compartment, and the walls. It is believed that 607:) is a rugged mountain district formed by the spurs of Taurus, which often terminate in rocky headlands with small sheltered harbours, features which, in classical times, made the coast a string of havens for 3513:

the high priests of Zeus at Olbe were able to expand their authority after the fall of the Achaemend Empire, and they became culturally Hellenised, with their dynasts shifting their names from Tarkuaris

2027:, resulting in the kingdom of Cilicia being abolished and fully integrated into the Achaemenid empire as a province ruled by a appointed by the Achaemenid king of kings, which it would remain until the 982:

developments in the east): c. 5400–4500 BC; Late Chalcolithic: 4500 – c. 3400 BC; and Early Bronze Age IA: 3400–3000 BC; EBA IB: 3000–2700 BC; EBA II: 2700–2400 BC; EBA III A-B: 2400–2000 BC.

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because it managed very well to preserve Armenian character throughout the years. In fact, the Cilician highlands were densely populated by Armenians in small but prosperous towns and villages such as

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Temple estates had existed in Cilicia since the pre-Achaemenid period, although the best documentation regarding them is from the Hellenestic period. Known temple esates include the temple of Zeus at

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Cilicia was settled from the Neolithic period onwards. Dating of the ancient settlements of the region from Neolithic to Bronze Age is as follows: Aceramic/Neolithic: 8th and 7th millennia BC; Early

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and the Ceyhan-Red Sea pipelines. Ceyhan will also be a natural gas terminal for a planned pipeline to be constructed parallel to the Kirkuk-Ceyhan oil pipeline, and for a planned extension of the

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Little is known of the large cities in the Achaemenid period, although Tarsus and Soli are known to have minted coins which were used in the Achaemenid military campaigns against Cyprus and Egypt.

8898:"The mixture of Roman, Greek, and Jewish elements admirably adapted Antioch for the great part it played in the early history of Christianity. The city was the cradle of the church." – "Antioch," 3122:, eventually reversed their policies in the region. A truce arranged on 28 May between the French and the Kemalists, led to the retreat of the French forces south of the Mersin-Osmaniye railroad. 854:, marlstone, and similar materials. The Taurus Mountains are composed of karstic limestone, while its soil is also limestone-derived, with pockets of volcanic soil. The lower plain is the largest 2515:

In the 7th century Cilicia was invaded by the Muslim Arabs. The area was for some time an embattled no-man's land. The Arabs succeeded in conquering the area in the early 8th century. Under the

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Angus Donal Stewart, "Logic of Conquest", p. 8. "The Armenian king saw an alliance with the Mongols – or, more accurately, swift and peaceful subjection to them – as the best course of action."

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that arrived from Egypt. Türkmen Emirate which began to be known as Ramadanids, set the city of Adana as their center of power, and many Türkmen families of Yüreğir origin moved to the city.

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for thousands of years. The natural phenomenon of the grabens is named 'Hell & Heaven' because of the exotic effects on people. Visitors can access the cave of the mythological giant

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considers it plausible that populations from the Troad might have migrated to the southeast into the region which later became Cilicia during the drastic changes which formed part of the

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Although no later Persian empire ever regained control of Cilicia, one Seleucid officer named Aribazus and attested as administrator of Cilicia in 246 BC was possibly of Persian descent.

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tariqa expansionism of the 13th century. Yüreğir Turks moved to Cilicia in the late 14th century, and had a distinct culture that influenced from Bektashi traditions which accompanied

2614:. Through their complex alliances with the Crusader states, the Armenian barons and kings often invited Crusaders to maintain castles in and along the borders of the Kingdom, including 2536:

in 965. From this period onward, the area increasingly came to be settled by Armenians, especially as Imperial rule pushed deeper into the Caucasus over the course of the 11th century.

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species living in it together with other species of plants and animals. 250 species of birds are observed during a study in 1990. The conservation area is located 30 km south of

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that arrived in 1348, led nomadic Türkmens to turn their eyes towards unstable Cilicia. In 1352, Ramazan Beg led Turkmens settled south of Çaldağı and founded their first settlement,

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Adana Science High School most important high schools in the Cilicia. In other cities, Anatolian High School and School for Science are the most popular high schools of the city.

1515:. However, it is unknown whether this means that the Cilicians and Lycians were able to resist the Lydian conquest, or whether Croesus did not find any interest in annexing them. 4684:

are also home to regional offices of public institutions. Many industry fairs and congresses are held in the region at venues such as the TÜYAP Congress and Exhibition Centre in

1140:, which led to a power struggle among rival claimants to the throne, eventually leading to the collapse of Hittite supremacy, Cilicia appeared to have regained its independence. 8873: 1589:

Syennesis II was succeeded by one Xeinagoras of Halicarnassus, who had no previous ties to Cilicia and was appointed as satrap of Cilicia by Xerxes I as reward for his service.

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Cilicia has a well-developed transportation system with two airports, two major seaports, motorways and railway lines on the historical route connecting Europe to Middle East.

5778: 1124:, to try and reduce Cilicia's power in the region. It was soon apparent, however, that increased Hittite power would soon prove Niqmepa's efforts to be futile, as the city of 9018: 6893: 3480:

aristocrats owning estates and villages, and others being priests in the sanctuaries of Cilicia who administered the temple estates, as well as other even lesser officials.

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in December to take over and oversee the repatriation of more than 170,000 Armenians to Cilicia. Returning Armenians negotiated with France to establish an autonomous

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of 1908, empowered the Armenian community and envisioned an autonomous Cilicia. Enraged supporters of Abdulhamid that organized under Cemiyet-i Muhammediye amidst the

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frontier zone. Cilicia were one of the last regions of Anatolia to fall under Turkish rule, and were part of the Seljuqs for a short time, thus were not effected from

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and Simon Payaslian. UCLA Armenian History and Culture Series: Historic Armenian Cities and Provinces, 7. Costa Mesa, California: Mazda Publishers, 2008, pp. 351–353.

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The temple estates persisted through the Achaemenid period, implying that their existence was not perceived as detrimental to the authority of the satrap of Cilicia.

2735:(r. 1316–1335), and thus could not support the Armenian Kingdom in guarding Cilicia. Internal conflicts within the Armenian Kingdom and the devastation caused by the 3097: 3334:

who had settled in this region in the 2nd millennium BC, and Cilicia itself had become an important centre of Luwian settlement in Anatolia in the aftermath of the

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Reflecting the diversity of Cilicia in the Achaemenid and post-Achaemenid periods, various deities of different origins have been attested there in antiquity:

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through an appointed Provincial governor. Provinces are then divided into districts governed by the District Governors who are under the provincial governors.

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ended the Ramadanid administration of Adana sanjak in 1608, ruling it directly from Constantinople then after. The autonomous sanjak was then split from the

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and surrounding areas have the highest average temperature in Cilicia. Mersin also has high annual precipitation (1096 mm) and 85 rainy days in a year.

6199:. The connection (if any) between this Cilicia and the better-known and well-defined region mentioned above is unclear. This Trojan Cilicia is mentioned in 5993:, the project's cost will be 357 million Euro. When finished, it will serve to 15 million people, and the capacity will be doubled in the future. 5244:. The university is one of the well-developed universities of Turkey with many cultural, social and athletic facilities, currently enrolls 40,000 students. 3494:

Cilicia also provided troops to the land and maritime military forces of the Achaemenid Empire, and the satrapy itself acted as an assembly point for them.

2177: 11491: 9769: 7554: 7527: 4859:, has a very high sulphur ratio, making it the second in the world after a thermal spring in India. It is the largest spa in the region and attracts many 6743: 4019: 2562: 3966:

Cilicia is heavily populated due to its abundant resources, climate and plain geography. The population of Cilicia as of 31 December 2022 is 6,435,986.

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It prospered for three centuries due to the vast network of fortifications which secured all the major roads as well as the three principal harbours at

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1 Kings 10:28 – "Solomon's horses were imported from Egypt and from Cilicia, where the king's merchants purchased them", noted by Fox 2008:75 note 15.

1015:). The region was divided into two parts, "plain" Cilicia (Uru Adaniya), a well-watered plain, and "rough" Cilicia (Tarza), in the mountainous west. 767:

The climate of Cilicia shows significant differences between the mountains and the lower plains. At the lower plains, the climate reflects a typical

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was a cave on the slopes of Habibi Neccar mountain converted into a church. The church is known as the first Christians' traditional meeting place.

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Plateaus on the Taurus mountains are cooler escapes for the locals who wants to chill out from hot and humid summers of the lower plains. Gözne and

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which acted as an unofficial Cilician Armenian government composed of the four major political parties and three Armenian religious denominations.

102: 9877: 9687:). And: 2., erweiterte Auflage, mit einem Nachwort von Philipp Pilhofer (Quellen und Forschungen zur Antiken Welt 60) Munich: Herbert Utz Verlag ( 9240: 9122: 6780: 4702:. There are 45 piers in the port. The total area of the port is 785 square kilometres (194,000 acres), and the capacity is 6,000 ships per year. 2525:). Tarsus, re-built in 787/788, quickly became the largest settlement in the region and the Arabs' most important base in their raids across the 2159:

era, numerous cities were established in Cilicia, which minted coins showing the badges (gods, animals, and objects) associated with each polis.

1468:) by the ancient Greeks, was established in southeastern Anatolia under the rule of a native dynasty, with its capital of Cilicia at the city of 4839:

are the popular high plain resorts of Cilicia which are often crowded in summer. There are a few hotels and camping sites in the Tekir plateau.

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Cilicia remained under efficient administration, and it would continue to provide troops for the Achaemenid wars in Anatolia, Egypt and Cyprus.

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lakes and at Seyhan Reservoir. While not as common as other forms of agriculture, dairy and livestock are also produced throughout the region.

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The earliest known ruler, and possibly the founder, of the kingdom of Cilicia was Syennesis I, who, according to the Ancient Greek historian

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is rapidly developing in the region with the investments around the Ceyhan Oil Terminal. Petroleum refineries are being built in the area.

2664:(r. c. 1100 – 1129), in alliance with the Christian princes of Syria, waged successful wars against the Byzantines and Seljuk Turks. 11890: 10344: 9872: 9790: 9528: 8477: 8446: 5186:

pine, oaks and sandalwood. The mountain is also home to foxes, rabbits, partridges and stock doves. Nature reserve is 10 km east of

2296:, whose army included Cilician soldiers. After Valerian's defeat, the Sasanian forces burnt and sacked several cities in Syria, Cilicia ( 986: 9799: 8952: 8922: 8213: 7087: 772:

with snowy winters. The average annual precipitation in the region is 647 mm and the average number of rainy days in a year is 76.

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The Routledge Handbook of the Peoples and Places of Ancient Western Asia: From the Early Bronze Age to the Fall of the Persian Empire

9140: 7181:(Volume 102 of Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Klasse.Denkschriften) Böhlau in Komm., Vienna, 3114:

The French forces were spread too thinly in the region and, as they came under withering attacks by Muslim elements both opposed and

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WRIGHT, N.L. 2012: "The house of Tarkondimotos: a late Hellenistic dynasty between Rome and the East." Anatolian Studies 62: 69-88.

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coasts are home to cottages with a bird conservatory between the two areas. Arsuz is a seaside resort that is mostly frequented by

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is a state university founded in 1973 with the union of the faculties of Agriculture and Medicine.. Main campus is in the city of

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is mostly farmland. This area is zoned for resort tourism and is expected to have a rapid development within the next 20 years.

2887:. Living together and having cultural exchange with the large Armenian community, Yüreğir Turks flourished a laid back culture. 12541: 8735: 8321:

Moumjian, Garabet K. "Cilicia Under French Administration: Armenian Aspirations, Turkish Resistance, and French Stratagems" in

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Prof. Dr. Yılmaz KURT, "Ramazanoğulları’nın Sonu: Adana’da Çemşid Bey İsyȃnı (1606–1607)", Tarihin İçinden, Ankara Üniversitesi

7306: 7302: 7280: 7276: 7254: 7250: 6925: 6921: 6905: 6901: 6885: 6881: 6865: 6861: 6845: 6841: 2998:, the Convention of Alexandria that was signed on 27 November 1840, required the return of Cilicia to Ottoman sovereignty. The 2991:

Adana had the infrastructure it needed by the second half of the 19th century to become major center of Southeastern Anatolia.

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In the Hellenistic period, the Cilician temple estates adopted Greek culture under the influence of Seleucid administration:

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Das frühe Christentum im kilikisch-isaurischen Bergland. Die Christen der Kalykadnos-Region in den ersten fünf Jahrhunderten

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town and has a serene environment. Thermal springs are a hot spot for people with rheumatism. Kurttepe, Alihocalı and Ilıca

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established after 584. After massive territorial losses in the 7th century, the remaining provinces were superseded by the

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to the west was a mountainous region characterised by rough terrain, corresponding to the Neo-Assyrian period territory of

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The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century

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The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 2, Part 2, History of the Middle East and the Aegean Region c. 1380–1000 B.C.

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The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 2, Part 2, History of the Middle East and the Aegean Region c. 1380–1000 B.C.

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The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 2, Part 2, History of the Middle East and the Aegean Region c. 1380–1000 B.C.

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s to put down their arms. Both the Armenian delegation, and later, the inhabitants of Zeitun, were left with no choice.

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and began enrollment in 2009. The university has 3 faculties and a vocational school at the main campus in the city of

5101: 5000:, a fort on a small island across Kızkalesi township, was built during the early 12th century by Armenian kings of the 4005: 2587:

invasions of Armenia were followed by an exodus of Armenians migrating westward into the Byzantine Empire, and in 1080

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who had fled to Cilicia from the northwest to organise new resistance there defended it against the Macedonian forces.

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abolished the autonomy of Cilicia in reaction to the local Cilician ruler Syennesis III's support for the rebellion of

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Oil Terminal is a marine transport terminal for Batman-Dörtyol oil pipeline which started operating in 1967 to market

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is the commercial centre of the region where many of the public and private institutions have their regional offices.

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Cilicia is well known for the vast fertile land and highly productive agriculture. The region is also industrialized;

85: 11927: 11013: 9860: 9742: 9684: 9314: 8578: 8525: 8427: 8250: 8032: 7836: 7805: 7186: 7146: 6171: 5887: 4772:

that attracts tourists. Cilicia tourism is mostly cottage tourism serving the Cilicia locals as well as residents of

3165: 3143: 3135: 2329: 2325: 837: 9794: 6753: 6153: 5869: 5297:. University was founded in 1992, currently has 9 faculties, 4 colleges and 7 vocational schools. Main campus is in 4512:

is the only sub-tropical area of Turkey where bananas, mango, kiwi and other sub-tropical produce can be harvested.

3164:

by the French Administration. Later in 1922, roughly 10,000 Greeks were erforced to move to Greece by the policy of

3154:, and French troops together with the remaining Armenian volunteers withdrew from the region in early January 1922. 2028: 924:. It is 509 km long and it forms the Akyayan, Akyatan, and Kakarat lakes before flowing into the Mediterranean. 819: 521:

to the east was a fertile region defined by a smooth terrain, corresponding to the Neo-Assyrian period territory of

12536: 11934: 9519: 2645: 1576: 717: 690: 589: 10336: 9845: 8267: 3538:

the chief priest of the temple of Artemis Perasia at Castabala was also a dynast who became culturally Hellenised.

407:), which was the name used by the Neo-Assyrian Empire to designate the western part of what would become Cilicia. 12315: 12231: 11883: 11438: 10689: 10041: 9800: 9327: 6030: 5635: 5562: 2431: 17: 9829: 1544:

Under early Achaemenid rule, Cilicia maintained a significant degree of autonomy and the native rulers acted as

12081: 11918: 11911: 10757: 10681: 10670: 9855: 9839: 8761: 6149: 5865: 5386: 5309: 5105: 4918:, the region is home to numerous landmarks that are important for people of faith. Tarsus is the birthplace of 4719: 4650:. Textile, leather tanning and food processing plants are plentiful. İsdemir is a large steel plant located in 2435: 1568: 815: 671: 570: 416:

is the same as the Latin, as it was transliterated directly from the Greek form Κιλικία. The palatalization of

9824: 9813: 9796: 9647:(Texte und Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der altchristlichen Literatur, vol. 184). Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter ( 5507: 12516: 10824: 10458: 9828: 9798: 9732: 6800: 6600: 6554: 6502: 6447: 6402: 4034: 3910: 2072: 1458: 876:

are the lakes of the region. The reservoirs in the region are Seyhan, Çatalan, Yedigöze, Kozan and Mehmetli.

652: 551: 9851: 9126: 5912:

is an international airport that have flights to European destinations. There are daily domestic flights to

2056: 12325: 12280: 12275: 11945: 11261: 10367: 10260: 9869: 5933: 5909: 10064: 9830: 9804: 8106:

Nomads, Migrants and Cotton in the Eastern Mediterranean: The Making of the Adana-Mersin Region, 1850–1908

5986: 5767: 4508:

harvest and is a major producer of fruits and vegetables. Half of Turkey's citrus export is from Cilicia.

3501:

that its administration was of the necessary competence to generate a revenue that was more than trivial.

3150:

that was signed on 20 October 1921. Based on the terms of the agreement, France recognized the end of the

1237: 1069:

wrested control from the Hitties, and Cilicia was free for two centuries. The first king of free Cilicia,

12556: 10744: 10138: 9849: 9846: 9532: 7411:

Medieval Fortifications in Cilicia: The Armenian Contribution to Military Architecture in the Middle Ages

7371:

Medieval Fortifications in Cilicia: The Armenian Contribution to Military Architecture in the Middle Ages

5115: 3388: 2962: 2754:

Yüreğir Türkmens lived as a small community for 7 years in southeast of Adana, and named their new land,

2596: 2580: 2556: 2131: 9870: 9825: 9809: 9797: 9791: 7824:

Late Antiquity: A Guide to the Postclassical World, eds., G.W. Bowersock, Peter Brown, & Oleg Grabar

2127:. This good fortune allowed Alexander and his army to pass unharmed through the Gates and into Cilicia. 11876: 11778: 11760: 10245: 9831: 9514: 9244: 7872: 6713:"Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports" 4932:

is another destination for the spiritual world, where, according to the New Testament the followers of

3050: 2837:. Alaeddin Bey and Ibrahim Bey together tried to break the Mameluks' might in the province. After this 9863: 9856: 9837: 8297: 5518: 1112:, in which Idrimi mentions that he had assaulted several military targets throughout Eastern Cilicia. 12098: 11857: 10941: 10883: 10694: 10168: 9822: 9821: 9817: 9812: 9803: 4760:

While the region has a long coastline, international tourism is not at the level of the neighbouring

3245:

Ancient Cilicia features in Greek mythology as a place whose name is derived from a people named the

3115: 2774:; but he and his successors alienated the native Armenians by attempting to make them conform to the 2771: 2732: 2665: 2595:, founded in the heart of the Cilician Taurus a small principality which gradually expanded into the 2423: 2221: 9832: 4788:, high-rise and low-rise cottages line the coast, leaving almost no vacant land. The coastline from 2857:, though they were an entity under Mamluks. The Ramadanids played an important role in 15th century 12566: 12526: 12394: 12310: 11281: 11266: 11090: 10819: 10766: 10762: 10724: 10656: 10477: 10305: 10295: 10178: 10143: 10123: 10103: 9847: 9844: 9842: 9642: 6145: 6134: 6050: 5861: 5850: 5289: 3335: 3266: 3233:

in 1942, which caused them to leave Cilicia, selling their properties for peanuts to families like

3204:

in 1921 with the signing of the Treaty of Ankara. On 15 April 1923, just before the signing of the

3008: 2862: 2427: 2390: 2168: 1548:(governors) for the Achaemenid administration, with their authority extending until as far west as 1147:

overran Cilicia. The Hurrians that resided there deserted the area and moved northeast towards the

811: 800: 500: 257: 134: 9811: 9810: 9802: 8510: 8412: 7131: 6981: 4145: 3432:), itself derived from the name of their founding king Syennesis I, which was derived from Luwian 2973: 12475: 12399: 12028: 11977: 11962: 11085: 11032: 10969: 10809: 10799: 10628: 10598: 10250: 10235: 10173: 10088: 10078: 9835: 9414: 6138: 5854: 4965: 3147: 3074: 2995: 2497: 2297: 2100:, who was also given authority over Syria as reward for his service in a campaign against Egypt. 1806: 1475:

Cilicia and Cilicians do not appear in any extant list of people ruled by the Achaemenid Empire.

804: 9843: 9594: 8570: 6978:

The Cities of St. Paul Their Influence on His Life and Thought: The cities of Eastern Asia Minor

6913: 4490:

seaports provide transportation of goods manufactured in Central, South and Southeast Anatolia.

1116:, who succeeded Idrimi as king of Alalakh, went so far as to ask for help from a Hurrian rival, 12438: 12414: 12086: 11291: 10618: 10223: 10083: 10033: 9827: 9816: 8197: 6591: 6545: 6493: 6438: 6393: 6332: 5362:. University holds around 2500 students, most of them commuting from Adana, Tarsus and Mersin. 5313:

was founded in 2007 as a state university with the union of colleges and vocational schools in

4723: 4658: 3089: 2782:, until at last the kingdom, falling prey to internal dissensions, ceded Cilicia Pedias to the 2351:. After the division of the Roman Empire, Cilicia became part of the eastern Roman Empire, the 2217: 2213: 1449: 920:

emerges from the confluence of the Aksu and Hurman rivers and flows towards Cape Hürmüz at the

851: 643: 542: 267: 10325:

Italy was never constituted as a province, instead retaining a special juridical status until

9834: 8538:

A Classical Dictionary of Biography, Mythology, and Geography based on the Larger Dictionaries

8474: 8443: 7828: 7822: 5212: 3111:

On 4 May 1920, Armenian people declared the independence of Cilicia under the French mandate.

2715:

to the Mongol court in person. The Mongols then assisted with the defence of Cilicia from the

12454: 12433: 12420: 12221: 12055: 11988: 11306: 11075: 10888: 10814: 10407: 10118: 9862: 9850: 9426: 8956: 8926: 8900: 8242: 8236: 8130: 5808: 5783: 5757: 5731: 5705: 5274: 4937: 4895: 3616: 3027: 2965: 2503:

After the division of the Roman Empire, Cilicia became part of the eastern Roman Empire, the

2277:, AD 72. Containing 47 known cities, it had been deemed important enough to be governed by a 2046:, who eventually became the satrap of both Cilicia and Cappadocia until his assassination in 768: 9438: 8541: 7746: 7072:

One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the

5261:, there is Faculty of Technical Education and Applied Technology and Management College. In 4968:" as a result of its longevity and the pivotal role that it played in the emergence of both 3039: 921: 858:

in Turkey. Expansion of limestone formations and fourth-era alluvials brought by the rivers

12470: 12428: 12363: 12290: 12260: 12241: 12216: 12211: 12122: 12103: 12093: 12062: 12049: 11665: 11444: 10961: 10613: 10445: 10415: 10255: 10148: 9728:

Photographs and Plans of the Churches and Fortifications in the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia

9664:

Engels, David. 2008. "Cicéron comme proconsul en Cilicie et la guerre contre les Parthes",

9627:

Siedlungskammer Kilikien. Studien zur Kultur- und Landschaftsgeschichte des Ebenen Kilikien

9490:

Houwink ten Cate, Ph. H. J. (1961). "The Compound Luwian Names of the Hellenistic Period".

8335: 5612: 5591: 5547: 5523: 5497: 5471: 5448: 5422: 5354:

is a not-for-profit tuition based university founded in 1997. It is located on midway from

4740:

oil. The pipeline is 511 km long and has an annual capacity of 3.5 million tons.

3779: 3488: 3139: 3018:

A thriving regional economy, the doubling of Cilician Armenian population due to flee from

2779: 2740: 2712: 2623: 2481: 2371: 2197: 9144: 6748: 5630: 3640: 8: 12358: 12353: 12348: 12305: 12295: 12285: 12246: 12236: 12195: 12152: 12128: 12108: 11982: 11450: 11405: 11223: 11213: 10875: 10704: 10651: 10646: 10419: 10153: 10128: 9778: 9674: 8905: 7770: 7320: 7268: 7242: 6853: 6249: 5350: 5199: 4969: 3464: 3119: 3081: 2704: 2677: 2661: 2473: 2356: 2108: 1649:

Cilicia was located in the western part of the Achaemenid Empire, in south-east Anatolia.

1173:

During the early and middle of the Iron Age, Cilicia was dominated by two main polities:

1082: 1038: 156: 8996: 8684: 7918:

The Eerdmans Encyclopedia of Early Christian Art and Archaeology, ed., Paul Corby Finney

7443:

Hellenistic & Roman Settlement Patterns in the Plain of Issus & the Amanus Range

6712: 4622:

reserves are very rich in Cilicia. The region is home to four lime manufacturing plants.

3939:

As a result of the strong impact of 200 years of rule by the Persian Achaemenid Empire,

3088:, ceded the control of Cilicia to France. French Government sent four battalions of the 1644: 12409: 12404: 12373: 12368: 12333: 12300: 12270: 12265: 12167: 12157: 12147: 11552: 11301: 11276: 11183: 11158: 11047: 10931: 10781: 10593: 10390: 10240: 10198: 10193: 9857: 9491: 8563: 8005: 7997: 7935: 7846: 7508: 7446: 6805: 5741: 5269:, university has colleges and vocational schools. There are also vocational schools in 4973: 3205: 3185: 3019: 2999: 2588: 2469: 2320:; with Isauria and the Syrian, Mesopotamian, Egyptian and Libyan provinces, formed the 2293: 991: 9589: 9493:

The Luwian Population Groups of Lycia and Cilicia Aspera During the Hellenistic Period

5385:

is the most popular sport in Cilicia, professionally represented at all levels of the

5326: 3795: 3689: 2933:

in a hereditary manner until 1608, with the area serving as a vassal of the Ottomans.

12521: 12343: 12338: 12226: 12162: 12034: 11899: 11851: 11713: 11428: 11135: 11125: 11120: 11024: 10994: 10791: 10641: 10532: 10522: 10497: 10492: 10285: 10280: 10208: 10203: 9688: 9680: 9648: 9630: 9476: 9442: 9430: 9395: 9335: 9310: 8614: 8574: 8545: 8521: 8485: 8454: 8423: 8246: 8136: 8109: 8075: 8028: 8027:. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks, Trustees for Harvard University. pp. 3–288. 8009: 7989: 7921: 7832: 7801: 7750: 7560: 7533: 7500: 7414: 7374: 7228: 7182: 7162: 7142: 7005: 6985: 6661: 6099: 5945: 5552: 5528: 5502: 5481: 5432: 5314: 5248: 4953: 4832: 4351: 4267: 4181: 3758: 3556: 3054: 3031: 2902: 2898: 2854: 2838: 2685: 2516: 2406: 2340: 2321: 2252: 2172: 2142: 2024: 1981: 1607: 1527: 1523:

In the mid-6th century BC, the kingdom of Cilicia supported the founding king of the

1410: 1090: 1012: 460: 440: 372: 348: 300: 171: 9737: 9710: 8739: 7200:

Rife, Joseph L. (2002) "Officials of the Roman Provinces in Xenophon's "Ephesiaca""

6916:. Imperial Administrative Records, Part II: Provincial and Military Administration. 6896:. Imperial Administrative Records, Part II: Provincial and Military Administration. 4891: 3366:

coins minted at Soli and Tarsus of Persian, modified Persian, and non-Persian types;

3359:

Achaemenid and post-Achaemenid Cilicia was culturally very diverse, as attested by:

3234: 3230: 2826:

and a Garrison for each. Tarsus, the former capital of Cilicia, were settled by the

2251:

was able to take advantage of the weakness of the Roman Republic to invade Cilicia (

1492:

of Halicarnassus, mediated in 585 BC the peace treaty which followed the end of the

12501: 12002: 11966: 11634: 11501: 11364: 11359: 11316: 11271: 11178: 10923: 10913: 10903: 10851: 10588: 10580: 10366: 10213: 10183: 9603: 9540: 9505: 8978: 8128: 7981: 7867: 7739: 7020: 6681: 6240: 5793: 5715: 5617: 5596: 5476: 5366: 4919: 4761: 3989: 3976:

is the most urbanized province, with most of the population centred in the city of

3468: 3043: 2936: 2850: 2798: 2767: 2669: 2526: 2504: 2414: 2352: 2235: 2228:, 64 BC, into a province which, for a short time, extended to and included part of 2189: 1564: 1148: 945: 931: 907: 608: 456: 356: 314: 288: 5492: 4448: 3877: 3725: 1136:

under the Hittites, becoming the last king of ancient Cilicia. After the death of

12506: 12009: 11766: 11689: 11534: 11522: 11344: 11334: 11241: 11193: 11148: 11067: 10989: 10974: 10893: 10636: 10540: 10512: 10487: 10469: 10098: 10017: 9957: 9889: 9717: 9460: 9375: 9262: 9196: 8860: 8853: 8517: 8481: 8450: 8419: 7777: 7294: 7138: 7113:

Sayce, A. H. (October 1922) "The Decipherment of the Hittite Hieroglyphic Texts"

6873: 6775: 6611: 6565: 6541: 6358: 6307: 6275: 6184: 6107: 6010: 5975: 5937: 5667: 5584: 5580: 5417: 4872: 4848: 4820: 4816: 4737: 4419: 4385: 4233: 4126: 3981: 3651: 3647: 3595: 3548: 3521: 3101: 2834: 2465: 2336: 2285: 2270: 2248: 1635: 1531: 1493: 496: 364: 163: 8713: 6833: 4753: 3804: 3750: 2802:

During the Ramadanid era, Cilicia was a buffer state between two Islamic powers.

2042:

was appointed as satrap of Cilicia. Camisares was himself succeeded by his son,

1511:

were the only peoples of Anatolia who had not been conquered by the Lydian king

351:. Cilicia has a population ranging over six million, concentrated mostly at the 11833: 11469: 11354: 11349: 11339: 11286: 11231: 11042: 10936: 10908: 10898: 10776: 10565: 10560: 10517: 10507: 10430:

and parts of Greece they survived under the themes until the early 9th century.

10188: 10108: 9629:. Schriften zur Vorderasiatischen Archäologie Bd. 16. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden. 9446: 9434: 9387: 9309:. Ed. Richard G. Hovannisian. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997, pp. 283-290. 8182:(in Armenian), Beirut: Union of Armenian Compatriots of Adana, pp. 211–272 7450: 6669: 6216: 6042: 5979: 5951: 5941: 5359: 5294: 5258: 5126: 4923: 4876: 4836: 4824: 4639: 4613: 4453: 4437: 4403: 4335: 4317: 4301: 4283: 4249: 4228: 4215: 4199: 4150: 4110: 4092: 3985: 3973: 3931:

wearing Persian clothes, possibly resulting from an identification of him with

3873: 3812: 3672: 3560: 3552: 3035: 3023: 3012: 2947: 2858: 2807: 2775: 2631: 2402: 2375: 2205: 2124: 2081: 1893: 1714: 1657: 1469: 1251: 935: 911: 869: 855: 752: 663: 562: 488: 472: 464: 376: 368: 239: 175: 167: 9544: 9284: 8361: 5065:, an ancient city located in northernmost Cilicia, some 200 km. north of 4879:, are popular for toxic cleansing. Ottoman Palace Thermal Resort & Spa in 4628:

resources are the richest in Turkey. 14% of country's reserves are in Cilicia.

3664: 3053:

were opened in 1912, connecting the region to Middle East. Over the course of

953: 12490: 12187: 11839: 11677: 11236: 11188: 11153: 11143: 11052: 10752: 10555: 10550: 10502: 10482: 10411: 10395: 10133: 10113: 10093: 9536: 9468: 9464: 9418: 7993: 7504: 7078: 7073: 6354: 5959: 5334: 4852: 4471: 4244: 3913:

to the north-east of Tarsus was accompanied by depictions of Semitic deities;

3886: 3849: 3833: 3825: 3721: 3655: 3173: 3004: 2951: 2940: 2871: 2649: 2592: 2576: 2533: 2449: 2385:

Cilicia had numerous Christian communities and is mentioned six times in the

2379: 2266: 2020: 1702: 1683: 1054: 975: 906:

emerges from the confluence of Zamantı and Göksu rivers which originate from

892: 732:

and olives and pasturage for the horses imported into ancient Israel by King

480: 448: 117: 104: 9722: 7920:. Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 106–108. 7091:. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 365–366. 6513: 6462: 6070: 6046: 5302: 5241: 4809: 4801: 4651: 4545: 4528: 4487: 4296: 4135: 3837: 3713: 3400: 3069: 2811: 2806:

In 1359, Mamluk Sultanate Army marched into Cilicia and took over Adana and

2696: 2603: 2496:. Bishops from the various dioceses of Cilicia were well represented at the 2370:, which was used to make tents. Tarsus was also the birthplace of the early 12041: 11845: 11671: 11434: 11251: 11246: 11198: 10984: 10951: 10946: 10771: 10545: 10423: 10158: 9679:(Quellen und Forschungen zur Antiken Welt 46). Munich: Herbert Utz Verlag ( 9515:"Ethnic Groups and Language Contact in Lycia (I): the 'Maritime Interface'" 9170: 8817: 8791: 8132:

A Question of Genocide:Armenians and Turks at the End of the Ottoman Empire

8072:

Struggle for Domination in the Middle East: The Ottoman-Mamluk War, 1485–91

7769:

For a full list of ancient cities and their coins see asiaminorcoins.com –

7214: 6058: 5533: 5229: 5158: 5097: 5078: 4949: 4933: 4911: 4864: 4565: 4398: 3845: 3729: 3697: 3693: 3262: 3189: 3011:

line was opened in 1886, connecting Cilicia to international ports through

2981: 2959: 2955: 2866: 2833:

After the death of Ramazan Bey, his son Ibrahim Bey made alliance with the

2819: 2787: 2755: 2673: 2410: 2386: 2360: 2348: 1027: 1008: 979: 971: 927: 917: 903: 888: 884: 880: 863: 859: 748: 744: 740: 421: 91: 5453: 5427: 5337:. University employs 107 academicians and enrolled 4000 students in 2009. 5305:. The university employs 708 academicians and 14,439 students as of 2007. 5233: 4575: 3705: 3420:

The rulers of the kingdom of Cilicia styled themselves using the title of

3363:

Aramaic funerary inscriptions and an Aramaic foundation text at Meydancık;

3146:. The treaty did not achieve the intended goals and was replaced with the 1196:

in the west, corresponding to Rough Cilicia, was the state referred to as

1061:), proving they exerted strong control over Cilicia in their battles with 873: 872:, Akyayan, Salt Lake, Seven lakes at Aladağ, and Karstik Dipsiz lake near 12114: 11707: 11457: 11329: 11296: 11208: 11163: 11037: 10979: 10300: 10229: 10163: 10002: 9501: 6458: 6196: 5330: 5104:

for Christians in 1963, and since then a special ceremony takes place on

4957: 4868: 4863:

due to proximity. Haruniye Thermal Spring is located on the banks of the

4727: 4541: 4494:

hosts oil, natural gas terminals as well as refineries and shipbuilders.

4346: 3940: 3783: 3151: 3085: 2876: 2815: 2736: 2639: 2627: 2584: 2273:, was left in the east; but these were finally united to the province by 2156: 2138: 2112: 1383: 1168: 1144: 1117: 1074: 1046: 513: 8549: 7894: 7166: 5990: 4856: 4524: 4278: 4210: 3865: 3853: 2519:, Cilicia was resettled and transformed into a fortified frontier zone ( 1541:, and the Cilician rulers became part of the Achaemenid administration. 1128:

soon fell to the Hittites, threatening all of Cilicia. Soon after, King

709: 352: 11659: 11641: 11324: 11168: 10570: 10399: 10326: 9942: 9472: 8001: 7969: 7512: 7009: 6989: 6232: 5077:. Remaining structures today include the amphitheatre built during the 5070: 3921: 3791: 3741: 3293: 3042:

and caused heavy destruction of Christian neighbourhoods in the entire

2895: 2891: 2611: 2485: 2316: 1738: 1397: 1178: 1164: 1152: 1125: 1101: 1031: 1004: 739:

The plain is watered by the three great rivers, the Cydnus (Tarsus Çay

524: 9747: 6066: 5962:, opened in 2007, is a domestic airport, and currently has flights to 5237: 5221: 5176: 4797: 4793: 4733: 4536: 4532: 4432: 3829: 3709: 3701: 3612: 2567: 1567:, Cilicia was used as an assembly point for the military forces which 1018: 11719: 11110: 10999: 10608: 10603: 10218: 9997: 9391: 8839: 8268:"Cilicia Under French Mandate, 1918–1921 – Social and Political Life" 7526:

Kapur, Selim; Eswaran, Hari; Blum, Winfried E. H. (27 October 2010).

7177:

In general see: Bean, George Ewart and Mitford, Terence Bruce (1970)

7115:

The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland

6719: 6389: 6245: 6220: 6018: 5466: 5443: 5082: 5050: 4989: 4777: 4708:

is used mostly for transfers to Middle East and Southeastern Turkey.

4619: 4603: 3737: 3421: 3392: 3246: 3181: 3157: 3125: 2958:. A governor was appointed to administer the province. In late 1832, 2880: 2783: 2728: 2619: 2461: 2453: 2311: 2278: 2274: 2240: 2146: 2039: 1831: 1489: 1479: 1225: 1203: 1188: 1137: 1078: 1070: 1050: 703: 624: 602: 444: 230: 11868: 9560: 8765: 8025:

The Fortifications of Armenian Cilicia: Dumbarton Oaks Studies XXIII

7985: 6123: 6002: 5839: 5278: 3620: 3034:, led to a series of anti-Armenian pogroms in 14–27 April 1909. The 2532:

The Muslims held the country until it was reoccupied by the Emperor

1560:

repressive measures against these inhabitants of the hilly regions.

1485:

name for all the Luwian populations of eastern Anatolia is unknown.

1085:. Another record of Hittite origins, a treaty between Išputahšu and 789: 623:

and was covered in ancient times by forests that supplied timber to

12252: 11797: 11772: 11695: 11653: 11456: Affected (i.e. boundaries modified, abolished or renamed) by 11203: 11173: 11095: 10804: 10719: 10427: 9977: 9937: 9921: 9353: 9351: 6256:

dwelt before he withstood the gods and was stricken and charred by

6228: 5963: 5913: 5318: 5166: 5162: 5074: 5001: 4695: 4609: 4571: 4262: 3988:, owing to its long and narrow stretch of flat land in between the 3917: 3787: 3763: 3643: 3309: 3180:. From 1920s, around 60 percent of the Cilician Armenians moved to 2987: 2846: 2681: 2344: 2289: 2149:, who, however, never held effectually more than the eastern half. 2120: 1676: 1583: 1549: 1524: 1507:

Herodotus of Halicarnassus also claimed that the Cilicians and the

1197: 1182: 1086: 1066: 713: 684: 583: 522: 511: 394: 344: 296: 8192:

See Raymond H. Kévorkian, "The Cilician Massacres, April 1909" in

7556:

Travelling Heroes: Greeks and their myths in the epic age of Homer

7529:

Sustainable Land Management: Learning from the Past for the Future

6227:

and Chryseis). These three cities were all attacked and sacked by

6034: 5921: 5208:

The region is home to five state and two foundation universities.

4699: 4520: 4516: 3229:

Remaining Jews and Christians were hit by the heavy burden of the

3184:. An informal census of 1941 revealed that, 70 percent of all the 2181:

The Roman provinces of Asia Minor under Trajan, including Cilicia.

941: 896: 620: 463:, and which are pierced by a narrow gorge called in antiquity the 11815: 11754: 11748: 11742: 11725: 11701: 11624: 11618: 11582: 11576: 11516: 11400: 11256: 11115: 11057: 10820:

Numidia (divided as Cirtensis and Militiana during the Tetrarchy)

10714: 10709: 10699: 10275: 10012: 10007: 9972: 9962: 8738:. Republic of Turkey Privatization Administration. Archived from 6615: 6569: 6489: 6434: 6362: 6311: 6279: 6224: 6074: 6038: 6006: 6001:

There are daily seabus and vehicle-passenger ferry services from

5971: 5929: 5925: 5322: 5298: 5266: 5262: 5187: 5093: 5015: 5011: 4961: 4945: 4941: 4929: 4907: 4899: 4880: 4805: 4781: 4773: 4765: 4681: 4515:

Cilicia is the second largest honey producer in Turkey after the

4364: 4194: 4176: 4140: 4121: 3857: 3817: 3775: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3524: 3439: 3433: 3331: 3222: 3218: 3209: 3169: 3161: 2914: 2708: 2657: 2653: 2607: 2521: 2477: 2441: 2229: 2116: 2115:

in the summer of 333 BC, ending up on the border of southeastern

2097: 2085: 2077: 2061: 2043: 1875: 1856: 1603: 1512: 1508: 1258: 1121: 1113: 1109: 1097: 1023: 949: 733: 216: 31: 10063: 9661:, No. 282/283, Symposium: Chalcolithic Cyprus. pp. 167–175. 9348: 8129:

Ronald Grigor Suny; Fatma Muge Gocek; Norman M. Naimark (2011).

2324:(in the late 4th century the African component was split off as 2137:

After Alexander's death it was long a battleground of the rival

1143:

In the 13th century BC a major population shift occurred as the

759:(Adanija) on the Sarus, and Mopsuestia (Missis) on the Pyramus. 11827: 11683: 11647: 11612: 11570: 11540: 11528: 11410: 10290: 10270: 10265: 9932: 9497: 9383: 8665: 6253: 6208: 6103: 6078: 6014: 5967: 5917: 5382: 5371: 5270: 5254: 5225: 5043: 5033: 5019: 5010:, situated on a large hill north of Narlıkuyu, consists of the 5004:

dynasty to defend the city of Korykos (present-day Kızkalesi).

4828: 4789: 4785: 4769: 4677: 4662: 4647: 4625: 4585: 4581: 4509: 4491: 4483: 4479: 4380: 4369: 4330: 4165: 4160: 4097: 3955: 3947:

were still present at Tarsus and in the rest of Cilicia in the

3932: 3928: 3771: 3717: 3685: 3608: 3600: 3564: 3404: 3285: 3273: 3201: 3177: 2926: 2716: 2700:

Ethnic map of Cilicia and vicinity at the thirteenth century AD

2635: 2615: 2540: 2225: 2201: 2193: 2089: 2065: 2006: 1749: 1545: 1435: 1133: 1105: 1058: 773: 729: 725: 616: 292: 235: 139: 9788: 9563:[Syennesis: Personal Name, not a Luwian Royal Title]. 9452:

Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie

8611:

Diasporas of the Modern Middle East: Contextualising Community

8509:(3rd edition) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 8411:(3rd edition) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 7827:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 7130:(3rd edition) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 4926:, holy to Christians and Muslims, is located north of Tarsus. 11809: 11803: 11791: 11785: 11630: 11606: 11564: 11558: 11546: 11105: 11100: 11080: 10022: 9992: 9987: 9982: 9967: 9947: 9727: 6200: 6192: 6062: 6054: 5355: 5217: 5148: 5131: 5066: 5056: 5027: 4915: 4860: 4685: 4673: 4643: 4589: 4475: 4312: 4105: 4087: 3977: 3869: 3861: 3841: 3677: 3530: 3515: 3427: 3396: 3305: 3297: 3277: 3258: 3252: 3213: 3104:, the chief negotiator for Armenians, signed the provisional 3038:

resulted in the deaths of roughly 25,000 Armenians, orphaned

2969: 2930: 2884: 2827: 2747:

and was licensed by the Sultan to establish the new frontier

2744: 2493: 2445: 1726: 1579:

used to campaign against both the Asian and European Greeks.

1572: 1501: 1497: 1448:

In the 6th century BC, an independent state, called Cilicia (

1219: 1062: 850:

The mountains of Cilicia are formed from ancient limestones,

756: 628: 612: 452: 388: 149: 61: 4748: 3547:

Modern Cilicia is split into four administrative provinces:

2668:(Leo the Great (r. 1187–1219)), extended the kingdom beyond 1045:

There exists evidence that circa 1650 BC both Hittite kings

499:, the city on the east coast of Cyprus, was included in the 12497:

States and territories disestablished in the 4th century BC

7347:

The modern plain has added cotton fields and orange groves.

6605: 6559: 6507: 6452: 6407: 6257: 6033:

motorways crosses Cilicia. Motorways of Cilicia extends to

4599: 4595: 4561: 4557: 3944: 3733: 2823: 2719:

of Egypt, until the Mongols themselves converted to Islam.

1463: 657: 556: 400: 335: 10414:. Empire permanently partitioned after 395. Exarchates of 9705: 8995:. Çukurova Touristic Hoteliers Association. Archived from 8157:"106. yıldönümünde Adana Katliamı'nın ardındaki gerçekler" 6191:, as a small region situated immediately southeast of the 3007:, after the re-structuring in the Ottoman Administration. 2917:

incorporated the beylik into the Ottoman Empire after his

990:

Probable captives from Cilicia, on the Nasiriyah stele of

708:), to the east, included the rugged spurs of Taurus and a 332: 11821: 8685:"District Populations of Adana,Mersin,Hatay and Osmaniye" 7647: 7645: 5282: 4414: 3624: 3563:. Each province is governed by the Central Government in 2922: 948:

and flows into the Mediterranean 16 km southeast of

866:

formed the plains of the region over the course of time.

329: 320: 9706:

Ancient Cilicia – texts, photographs, maps, inscriptions

9561:"Syennesis: Personenname, kein luwischer Herrschertitel" 8655: 8653: 8651: 8649: 7720: 7718: 7716: 7714: 7712: 7710: 7708: 7706: 7704: 7702: 7700: 7698: 7696: 7694: 7692: 7690: 7688: 7686: 7684: 7682: 7680: 7630: 7618: 7606: 7584:. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. pp. 111–112. 7491:

McKeon, John F. X. (1970). "An Akkadian Victory Stele".

5370:

is a not-for-profit tuition based university located in

5118:

resided here atop a 20-meter stone column for 45 years.

2130:

During Alexander III's invasion, a lesser officer named

1089:, king of the Hittites, is recorded in both Hittite and 8636: 8634: 8632: 8630: 8592: 8590: 7678: 7676: 7674: 7672: 7670: 7668: 7666: 7664: 7662: 7660: 6960: 6958: 4906:

Lying at a crossroads of three major religions, namely

3438:, which was itself the genitival adjective of the term 2355:. Cilicia was one of the most important regions of the 347:, extending inland from the northeastern coasts of the 9676:

Romanisierung in Kilikien? Das Zeugnis der Inschriften

7642: 7226:

Wainwright, G. A. (April 1956) "Caphtor – Cappadocia"

7157:

Toynbee, Arnold Joseph and Myers, Edward DeLos (1961)

7095: 6956: 6954: 6952: 6950: 6948: 6946: 6944: 6942: 6940: 6938: 6098:

Cilicia was one of the most important regions for the

2822:

at the four corners of Cilicia plain and appointed an

2378:, likely writer of 13 of the 27 books included in the 1518: 10850: 9659:

Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research

8646: 8238:

Judgment Unto Truth: Witnessing the Armenian Genocide

7916:

Edwards, Robert W., "Architecture: Cilician" (2016).

7398:. Philadelphia, PA: E.H. Butler & Co. p. 36. 5374:. The university started enrolling students in 2010. 3280:, but the historic founder of the dynasty that ruled 2976:

that was signed on 14 May 1833, ceded Cilicia to the

2925:

of Ramadanids held the administration of the Ottoman

2676:. He assisted the Crusaders, was crowned King by the 2220:

acting as its first governor, foiling an invasion of

1181:, corresponding to Plain Cilicia, and referred to as 417: 411: 317: 8627: 8587: 7657: 7161:

Oxford University Press, Oxford, England, page 668,

4665:

is also expected to host the shipbuilding industry.

2954:

and established as a new province under the name of

2550: 2212:

became Roman territory in 103 BC first conquered by

1920:• Macedonian conquest of the Achaemenid Empire 716:(who passed through with his mercenary group of the 431:) accounts for its modern pronunciation in English. 326: 6935: 4883:is one of Turkey's top resorts for revitalization. 2563:

List of monarchs of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia

506:Cilicia consisted of two main contrasting regions: 323: 10444: 9919: 8562: 7970:"Initial Byzantine Reactions to the Arab Conquest" 7738: 5220:, and the College of Tourism Administration is in 2770:died (1342), John of Lusignan was crowned king as 1571:used to campaign in Europe as well as those which 9099:. Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Archived from 9073:. Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Archived from 9047:. Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Archived from 9021:. Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Archived from 8876:. Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Archived from 4851:. Hamamat Thermal Spring, located on midway from 2141:monarchs and kingdoms, and for a time fell under 1563:During the reign of the Achaemenid king of kings 12488: 11499: 9489: 9357: 9332:The Treatment of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire 9305:Bournoutian, Ani Atamian. "Cilician Armenia" in 9259:"Toros Üniversitesi'ne rektör atandı. (Turkish)" 8671: 7525: 6252:), where the earth-born, hundred-headed monster 2145:dominion (i.e., Egypt), but finally came to the 974:: 5800 BC; Middle Chalcolithic (correlated with 712:, with rich loamy soil, known to Greeks such as 9743:Armenian Genocide Map's – Map of Kilikia (1909) 9565:Nouvelles Assyriologiques Brèves et Utilitaires 8241:. New Jersey: Transaction Publishers. pp. 5121: 3927:another Cilician coin depicted the Semitic god 9334:. Frankfurt: Textor Verlag. pp. 465–467. 8854:A guide to biblical sites in Greece and Turkey 7408: 7368: 7004:World Publishing Company, New York, page 148, 6825: 6823: 4694:is the third largest seaport in Turkey, after 3142:was signed on 9 March 1921 between France and 3084:that was signed on 30 October 1918 to end the 2347:in the Balkans), the rich bulk of the eastern 2162: 1065:. After the death of Murshili around 1595 BC, 55: 11884: 11485: 11437:by the Eastern Empire in 534 as the separate 10352: 10049: 9905: 9763: 9457:Encyclopaedia of Ancient Near Eastern Studies 9413:. Texts from Cuneiform Sources. Vol. 5. 8569:. New York: Barnes & Noble, Inc. p. 8292: 8290: 8288: 8122: 6195:in northwestern Anatolia, facing the Gulf of 4764:. There are a small number of hotels between 4013: 3300:mentions the people of Mopsus, identified as 2500:in 325 and at the later ecumenical councils. 2366:Roman Cilicia exported the goats-hair cloth, 529:and the Graeco-Roman region of Plain Cilicia. 518:and the Graeco-Roman region of Rough Cilicia; 467:. Ancient Cilicia was naturally divided into 455:. North and east of Cilicia stand the rugged 190:38,585.16 km (14,897.81 sq mi) 67: 12532:Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Turkey 9299: 8762:"Batman-Dörtyol Petrol Boru Hattı (Turkish)" 8384:"Adana'dan Buenos Aires'e uzun bir yolculuk" 7940:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 7887: 7851:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 6781:Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary 4956:. It is the home of Saint Peter, one of the 2335:('the East', also including the dioceses of 2243:, later converted into the city's south gate 956:, including Akgöl Lake and Paradeniz Lagoon. 49: 11460:'s administrative reorganization in 534–536 9733:Pilgrimages to Historic Armenia and Cilicia 9529:Russian State University for the Humanities 9496:. Documenta et Monumenta Orientis Antiqui. 8863:(Oxford University Press US, 2003), pg. 149 8806: 8471:Travelling Heroes: In the Epic Age of Homer 8440:Travelling Heroes: In the Epic Age of Homer 7479:Anatolian Contacts with Chalcolithic Cyprus 6820: 6152:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 5868:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 5190:and can be accessible by public transport. 3445: 3410: 2571:The Kingdom of Cilician Armenia, 1199–1375. 2359:and can be considered as the birthplace of 1343:• Annexation by the Achaemenid Empire 1328:• Submission to the Achaemenid Empire 818:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 11891: 11877: 11492: 11478: 10359: 10345: 10056: 10042: 9912: 9898: 9770: 9756: 9320: 9169:. Mustafa Kemal University. Archived from 8816:. Kaplıca ve Termal Turizm. Archived from 8790:. Kaplıca ve Termal Turizm. Archived from 8613:. Edinburgh University Press. p. 32. 8285: 7816: 7814: 7473: 7471: 7396:An Ancient Geography, Classical and Sacred 7336:Travelling Heroes in the Epic Age of Homer 7299:Ancient Records of Middle Eastern Polities 7273:The Royal Inscriptions of Babylonia online 7202:Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 7060: 7058: 7056: 7054: 7052: 7050: 7048: 6744:"81 ilin 2018 yılı GSYH ve büyüme karnesi" 6738: 6736: 6300: 4020: 4006: 3954:, as recorded by the Sasanian high priest 3108:in 1919 to bring new order to the region. 2793: 2204:), and Tarsus was made the capital of the 2119:and Cilicia. He knew well the writings of 2096:In the 340s BC, the satrap of Cilicia was 1643: 1236: 1053:enjoyed the freedom of movement along the 934:and flows into the Mediterranean south of 736:. Many of its high places were fortified. 459:, which separate it from the high central 10394:. Provincial administration reformed and 8780: 8501: 8499: 8497: 8403: 8401: 8234: 8177: 8016: 7532:. Springer Science & Business Media. 7364: 7362: 7235: 7046: 7044: 7042: 7040: 7038: 7036: 7034: 7032: 7030: 7028: 7000:Baly, Denis and Tushingham, A. D. (1971) 6804:. Oxford University Press. Archived from 6172:Learn how and when to remove this message 6053:connects Cilicia to Antalya on the west. 5888:Learn how and when to remove this message 5165:Province. The park includes the Karatepe 2905:, took over the rule of Cilicia Thracea. 2707:(r. 1226–1270) made an alliance with the 2314:(c. 297), Cilicia was governed by a 1077:, was recorded as a "great king" in both 838:Learn how and when to remove this message 10368:Late Roman and early Byzantine provinces 9587: 8702: 8208: 8206: 7909: 7724: 7393: 7247:The Royal Inscriptions of Assyria online 7077: 6113: 5950: 4988: 4890: 4847:The region is a popular destination for 4747: 3330:The inhabitants of Ancient Cilicia were 3288:, identifiable in Phoenician sources as 3124: 3068: 2935: 2797: 2695: 2566: 2234: 2176: 2071: 2055: 2019:In 401 BC, the Achaemenid king of kings 1022:Fugitive slave treaty between Idrimi of 1017: 985: 619:traders. The district is watered by the 363:). The region includes the provinces of 9777: 9667:Revue Belge de Philologie et d'Histoire 9512: 9425: 9408: 9195:. Korkut Ata University. Archived from 8852:Clyde E. Fant, Mitchell Glenn Reddish, 8659: 8135:. Oxford University Press. p. 67. 8022: 7915: 7859: 7820: 7811: 7651: 7468: 7433: 7196: 7194: 7101: 6733: 6081:double roads are other regional roads. 5342:Adana Science and Technology University 4714:is a marine transport terminal for the 3296:who gave his name to an oracle nearby. 3276:Hellene founder in the purely mythical 2778:, and by giving all posts of honour to 2743:. Later that year, Ramazan Beg visited 2510: 2464:and suffragan dioceses for Mopsuestia, 1968: 1096:In the next century, the Cilician king 343:) is a geographical region in southern 14: 12489: 9219:"Adana'ya bilim üniversitesi(Turkish)" 8608: 8494: 8463: 8432: 8398: 8103: 8074:. Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill. 8069: 7821:Edwards, Robert W., "Isauria" (1999). 7490: 7359: 7307:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich 7303:Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus 7281:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich 7277:Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus 7255:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich 7251:Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus 7025: 6926:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich 6922:Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus 6906:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich 6902:Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus 6886:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich 6882:Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus 6866:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich 6862:Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus 6846:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich 6842:Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus 6838:Textual Sources of the Assyrian Empire 6707: 6705: 6248:mentions the Cilician caves (probably 5985:Another under construction airport is 4756:, Erdemli district of Mersin Province) 3911:funerary inscription from Kesecek Köyü 3373: 3315: 2648:(r. 1095 – c. 1100) assisted the 2216:in his campaign against pirates, with 1905:• Cyrus II's conquest of Babylon 611:and, in the Middle Ages, outposts for 11898: 11872: 11473: 11390: 11389: 10849: 10443: 10379: 10340: 10037: 9893: 9751: 9558: 9374: 9326: 8866: 8640: 8596: 8560: 8554: 8265: 8214:"Adana araştırması ve saha çalışması" 8203: 7967: 7636: 7624: 7612: 7579: 6964: 6878:Archival Texts of the Assyrian Empire 6858:Archival Texts of the Assyrian Empire 6535: 5224:. There is an engineering faculty in 5073:. It was an historical centre of the 4979: 3467:and the temple of Artemis Perasia at 3354: 3269:at the end of the 2nd millennium BC. 3195: 2853:. They are often misclassified as an 2103: 2014: 1443: 420:occurring in Western Europe in later 10065:Provinces of the early Roman Empire 9569:Brief and Useful Assyriological News 8149: 8063: 7553:Fox, Robin Lane (4 September 2008). 7325:1.2.22, noted the sesame and millet. 7191: 7179:Journeys in Rough Cilicia, 1964–1968 6643: 6268: 6150:adding citations to reliable sources 6117: 5866:adding citations to reliable sources 5833: 5670:are the most popular club of Cilicia 4886: 4730:Gas Pipeline from Samsun to Ceyhan. 4497: 3345: 2845:Ramadanids were the only emirate in 2301: 1242:Kingdom of Cilicia in 6th century BC 1151:, where they settled in the area of 816:adding citations to reliable sources 783: 39:Geographical region in Adana, Turkey 9143:. Mersin University. Archived from 9123:"ÇÜ'de Öğrenci Kayıtları (Turkish)" 9097:"Habibi Neccar Dagi Nature Reserve" 9071:"Tekkoz-Kengerlidüz Nature Reserve" 8912:Takes several minutes to download). 8904:, Vol. I, p. 186 (p. 125 of 612 in 8788:"Hatay Hamamat Kaplıcası (Turkish)" 8298:"Ermeni Kültür Varlıklarıyla Adana" 7736: 7552: 7436:"The Natural Landscape – Hydrology" 6702: 6215:, and contained localities such as 5908:Cilicia is served by two airports. 5081:period, ruins of a church from the 4842: 3984:has a larger rural population than 3387:Significant Christian communities ( 3342:until the early 1st millennium AD. 3272:The Greeks invented for Cilicia an 2088:. Satrap of Cilicia, 361/0-334 BC. 2064:. Satrap of Cilicia, 361/0-334 BC. 1519:Submission to the Achaemenid Empire 50: 24: 9619: 9531:; Institute of Linguistics of the 9411:Assyrian and Babylonian Chronicles 8505:Edwards, I. E. S. (editor) (2006) 8407:Edwards, I. E. S. (editor) (2006) 8360:. bourjhammoud.com. Archived from 7126:Edwards, I. E. S. (editor) (2006) 6752:. 25 December 2019. Archived from 6017:port, there are ferry services to 4936:were first called Christians. the 4029:Largest populated areas in Cilicia 3212:(en: immigrants) from Balkans and 2901:emerged after the collapse of the 1100:finalized treaties with both King 1057:(now the Ceyhan River in southern 25: 12578: 11585:(returns to beginning of journey) 9711:Jona Lendering, "Ancient Cilicia" 9699: 8540:(21st edition) J. Murry, London, 7445:(Master of Arts Thesis). Ankara: 6263: 5829: 5301:and Faculty of Engineering is in 5293:is a state university located in 5183:Habibi Neccar Dağı Nature Reserve 5173:Tekköz-Kengerlidüz Nature Reserve 5169:fortress and an open-air museum. 5040:Yılanlı Kale (Castle of Serpents) 4823:, Tekir, Bürücek and Kızıldağ in 4568:-Horzum seam is the major source. 3811: 3757: 3671: 3594: 3308:in the northwestern-most part of 3166:Greco-Turkish population exchange 2908: 2849:that were not a successor of the 2731:lost cohesion after the death of 2591:, a relative of the last king of 2579:, the area was controlled by the 2551:Armenian Cilicia and the Crusades 2460:, with a metropolitan diocese at 2330:pretorian prefecture also called 2239:A Roman-period triumphal arch at 2224:, and the whole was organized by 12512:6th-century BC disestablishments 11944: 10800:Africa proconsularis (Zeugitana) 10426:in c. 640–660, although in 10314: 9598:. New York City, United States: 9520:Journal of Language Relationship 9277: 9251: 9233: 9211: 9185: 9159: 9133: 8814:"Haruniye Kaplıcaları (Turkish)" 8386:. Agos Gazetesi. 25 October 2016 8336:"Cilicia in the years 1918–1923" 7865: 7798:A Dictionary of the Roman Empire 7582:The Ancient Near East: A History 7434:Akpinar, Ezgi (September 2004). 7409:Vandekerckhove, Dweezil (2019). 7369:Vandekerckhove, Dweezil (2019). 7232:6(2): pp. 199–210, pages 205–206 7065: 6976:Ramsay, William Mitchell (1908) 6918:State Archives of Assyria Online 6914:"Hilakku [CILICIA] (GN)" 6898:State Archives of Assyria Online 6894:"Hilakku [CILICIA] (GN)" 6874:"Hilakku [CILICIA] (GN)" 6854:"Hilakku [CILICIA] (GN)" 6834:"Hilakku [CILICIA] (GN)" 6122: 5838: 5656: 4984: 4688:and the Mersin Congress Centre. 4632: 4144: 4134: 4091: 4081: 3885: 3803: 3749: 3663: 3172:, at the newly founded Armenian 1986: 1961: 1627: 1415: 1390: 1376: 914:. The river is 560 km long. 879:The major rivers in Cilicia are 788: 634: 533: 313: 84: 10410:established after the death of 9600:Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation 9115: 9089: 9063: 9037: 9011: 8985: 8971: 8945: 8940:mythological giant Typhon cave. 8915: 8892: 8846: 8832: 8754: 8728: 8677: 8602: 8530: 8376: 8350: 8328: 8315: 8259: 8228: 8186: 8171: 8159:. Agos Gazetesi. 4 October 2015 8097: 8088: 8054: 8041: 7961: 7948: 7791: 7782: 7763: 7730: 7597: 7588: 7573: 7546: 7519: 7484: 7427: 7402: 7387: 7350: 7341: 7328: 7313: 7287: 7261: 7220: 7207: 7171: 7151: 7120: 7107: 6622: 6576: 6520: 6469: 6414: 6369: 6341: 6318: 6286: 5155:Karatepe-Aslantaş National Park 4780:and surrounding areas. Between 3961: 3369:Greek and Aramaic inscriptions. 3168:. Cilicia Armenians settled in 3144:Turkish Grand National Assembly 2672:and established the capital at 2547:meaning "Levantine outskirts". 1202:in Neo-Assyrian sources and as 1187:in Neo-Assyrian sources and as 695: 676: 631:. Cilicia lacked large cities. 594: 575: 402: 12552:Historical regions of Anatolia 10758:Flaminia et Picenum Annonarium 10682:Diocese of Suburbicarian Italy 9261:. Mersin Ajans. Archived from 9193:"Information about University" 9167:"University History (Turkish)" 8979:"Adana Governorship (Turkish)" 8235:Jernazian, Ephraim K. (1990). 7394:Mitchell, S. Augustus (1860). 7014: 6994: 6970: 6768: 6650: 5978:. Hatay Airport mostly serves 5955:Railway connections of Cilicia 5175:, located 30 km north of 4502: 3504: 3200:The region become part of the 3129:Cilicie palais de gouvernement 3073:French taking over Cilicia as 2529:into Byzantine-held Anatolia. 13: 1: 12542:Former countries in West Asia 10825:Tripolitania (Roman province) 10403: 9287:. Turkish Football Federation 7413:. Leiden: BRILL. p. 17. 7373:. Leiden: BRILL. p. 15. 7338:, 2008:73 and following pages 6695: 6633: 6626: 6580: 6524: 6480: 6473: 6425: 6418: 6373: 6345: 6331:Xeinagoras of Halicarnassus ( 6322: 6290: 5989:, According to the newspaper 4035:Turkish Statistical Institute 3948: 3474: 3160:community were re-settled in 3064: 2656:, and was created knight and 2047: 1909: 1865: 1847: 1840: 1822: 1815: 1797: 1781: 1765: 1614: 1535: 1332: 1317: 1282: 998: 425: 27:Geographical region in Turkey 9625:Rutishauser, Susanne. 2020. 8840:"Acts of the Apostles 11:26" 8565:A Guide to the Ancient World 7897:. World History Encyclopedia 7449:. p. 12. Archived from 7334:Remarked by Robin Lane Fox, 7159:A Study of History, Volume 7 6616: 6606: 6570: 6560: 6514: 6508: 6463: 6453: 6408: 6363: 6312: 6280: 5822: 5798: 5772: 5746: 5720: 5647: 5624: 5603: 5569: 5538: 5512: 5486: 5460: 5437: 5228:, and vocational schools in 5193: 5157:located on the west bank of 5122:Parks and conservation areas 5085:era and Hittite rock-works. 4716:Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline 3900: 3881: 3821: 3816: 3799: 3767: 3762: 3745: 3681: 3676: 3659: 3604: 3599: 3525: 3440: 3434: 3422: 3415: 3325: 3247: 3022:, and the end of autocratic 2919:conquest of the Mamluk state 2029:end of the Achaemenid Empire 1582:Under Darius I's successor, 1480: 1464: 1226: 1204: 1198: 1189: 1183: 965: 704: 685: 658: 603: 584: 557: 523: 512: 434: 395: 7: 12547:Geography of Adana Province 11433: Re-established after 10745:Diocese of Annonarian Italy 10380: 9533:Russian Academy of Sciences 9513:Oreshko, Rostyslav (2020). 9421:: J. J. Augustin Publisher. 9019:"Yumurtalık Nature Reserve" 8736:"İskenderun Port Authority" 8473:Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 8442:Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 8023:Edwards, Robert W. (1987). 7968:Kaegi, Walter Emil (1969). 7745:. The Dial Press. pp. 7002:Atlas of the Biblical world 5676:Basketball Clubs in Cilicia 4668: 4544:farms in Akyatan, Akyağan, 3916:one Cilician coin depicted 3895: 3569: 3542: 3389:Antiochian Greek Christians 3096:. The Armenians formed the 2972:, and reached Cilicia. The 2761: 2722: 2597:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia 2581:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia 2557:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia 2310:Under Emperor Diocletian's 2292:defeated the Roman Emperor 2284:In 259 or 250, the Persian 2163:Roman and Byzantine periods 1790:Xeinagoras of Halicarnassus 1636:Standard of Cyrus the Great 1158: 1003:The area had been known as 412: 272:$ 43.14 billion (2018) 10: 12583: 11942: 9588:Weiskopf, Michael (1991). 9367: 9241:"Çağ University (Turkish)" 9125:. Haber FX. Archived from 8178:Yeghiayan, Puzant (1970), 7873:World History Encyclopedia 7580:Hallo, William W. (1971). 6980:A.C. Armstrong, New York, 6595: 6549: 6497: 6442: 6397: 6383: 6336: 6093: 6084: 5458:New Hatay Stadium (25000) 5321:and vocational schools in 5197: 5025:The ancient Roman town of 4964:was called "the cradle of 4743: 4720:Kirkuk–Ceyhan Oil Pipeline 4465: 4133: 4080: 3998: 3824: 3770: 3684: 3607: 3531: 3516: 3428: 3320: 3253: 2851:Anatolian Seljuk Sultanate 2691: 2560: 2554: 2256: 2166: 1494:conflict which had opposed 1453: 1220: 1208:in Neo-Babylonian sources. 1193:in Neo-Babylonian sources; 1162: 960: 944:river originates from the 779: 762: 694: 675: 647: 593: 574: 546: 439:Cilicia extends along the 401: 389: 251:33xxx, 01xxx, 80xxx, 31xxx 62: 29: 12562:History of Adana Province 12463: 12447: 12387: 12324: 12204: 12140: 12074: 12021: 11953: 11906: 11734: 11592: 11508: 11423: 11406:Quaestura exercitus (536) 11396: 11385: 11315: 11222: 11134: 11066: 11023: 11012: 10960: 10922: 10874: 10863: 10859: 10845: 10790: 10743: 10680: 10669: 10627: 10579: 10531: 10468: 10457: 10453: 10439: 10386: 10375: 10323: 10312: 10074: 9928: 9785: 9673:Pilhofer, Susanne. 2006. 9640:Pilhofer, Philipp. 2018. 9545:10.31826/jlr-2020-181-205 9045:"Aladağlar National Park" 8180:Ատանայի Հայոց Պատմութիւն 7204:138: pp. 93–108 , page 96 6673: 6665: 5987:Çukurova Regional Airport 5768:Adana Atatürk Sports Hall 5393:Football Clubs in Cilicia 5377: 5138:Yumurtalık Nature Reserve 5014:resulting from assoil of 4998:Kizkalesi (Maiden Castle) 4551: 3584:Districts (West to East) 3382: 3240: 3176:town, just north-east of 2788:Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt 2680:, and married one of the 2302: 2002: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1918: 1903: 1899: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1862: 1837: 1812: 1794: 1778: 1762: 1758: 1748: 1744: 1732: 1720: 1708: 1696: 1692: 1682: 1670: 1663: 1653: 1642: 1624: 1613: 1602: 1597: 1478:The Greek designation of 1431: 1355: 1351: 1341: 1326: 1311: 1307: 1299: 1295: 1279: 1275: 1267: 1257: 1247: 1235: 1214: 501:Roman province of Cilicia 451:, which separate it from 284: 276: 266: 256: 246: 229: 215: 207: 199: 194: 186: 181: 155: 145: 133: 98: 83: 76: 56: 44: 11928:Population by urban area 11282:Palaestina III Salutaris 10478:Alpes Poeninae et Graiae 10104:Alpes Graiae et Poeninae 8993:"Akyatan Bird Sanctuary" 8955:. ÇUKTOB. Archived from 8925:. ÇUKTOB. Archived from 8712:. Assale. Archived from 8609:Gorman, Anthony (2015). 7771:ancient coins of Cilicia 7737:Fox, Robin Lane (1974). 7213:See also the history of 7117:4: pp. 537–572, page 554 5936:serves the provinces of 5290:Mustafa Kemal University 3411:Administrative structure 3336:Late Bronze Age collapse 3267:Late Bronze Age collapse 2391:Epistle to the Galatians 2343:, both in Anatolia, and 2169:Cilicia (Roman province) 503:from 58 BC until 27 BC. 495:, east of the Limonlu). 30:Not to be confused with 12537:Ancient Greek geography 11449: Placed under the 10810:Mauretania Caesariensis 10629:Diocese of the Britains 10251:Mauretania Caesariensis 8859:30 October 2022 at the 8764:. BOTAŞ. Archived from 8561:Grant, Michael (1997). 8516:30 October 2022 at the 8480:30 October 2022 at the 8469:Fox, Robin Lane (2009) 8449:30 October 2022 at the 8438:Fox, Robin Lane (2009) 8418:30 October 2022 at the 8216:. Hrant Dink Foundation 8104:Toksöz, Meltem (2010). 7776:31 October 2013 at the 7295:"Hume [1] (GN)" 7269:"Hume [1] (GN)" 7137:30 October 2022 at the 7088:Encyclopædia Britannica 6301:Achaemenid vassal kings 6024: 5934:Adana Şakirpaşa Airport 5910:Adana Şakirpaşa Airport 5779:Mersin Basketbol Kulübü 5519:Yeni Mersin İdman Yurdu 5145:Aladağlar National Park 3992:and the Mediterranean. 3491:of silver for defence. 3304:(Κίλικες), as from the 3106:Constitution of Cilicia 3098:Armenian National Union 3049:Cilicia section of the 2794:Mamluk and Turkmen rule 2575:During the time of the 2498:First Council of Nicaea 755:(Tarsa) on the Cydnus, 691:Neo-Babylonian Akkadian 590:Neo-Babylonian Akkadian 382: 211:170/km (430/sq mi) 11292:Phoenice II Libanensis 10995:Macedonia II Salutaris 10408:praetorian prefectures 10370:(4th–7th centuries AD) 10224:Hispania Tarraconensis 9920:Historical regions of 9738:WorldStatesmen- Turkey 9429:(1975). "Ḫilakku". In 9409:Grayson, A.K. (1975). 8536:Smith, William (1891) 8266:Moumdjian, Garabed K. 8198:Richard G. Hovannisian 7493:Boston Museum Bulletin 7243:"Que [1] (GN)" 6685: 5996: 5956: 5903: 5753:Adana Basketbol Kulubü 5141:further north freeze. 5100:declared the church a 4994: 4903: 4757: 4659:petrochemical industry 4482:host numerous plants. 3130: 3078: 3051:Berlin–Baghdad railway 2944: 2892:Karamanid Principality 2869:located in the Mamluk 2803: 2711:, sending his brother 2701: 2572: 2545:Ath-Thugur As-Shamiyya 2265:It was reorganized by 2244: 2214:Marcus Antonius Orator 2192:, who were subdued by 2182: 2093: 2069: 1042: 1037:(c. 1480 BC) Ref: 995: 720:,) for its abundance ( 667: 566: 492: 476: 360: 68: 11912:Population by country 11014:Praetorian prefecture 10889:Noricum mediterraneum 10865:Praetorian prefecture 10815:Mauretania Sitifensis 10710:Picenum Suburbicarium 10671:Praetorian prefecture 10459:Praetorian prefecture 10406: 293. Permanent 9559:Simon, Zsolt (2019). 9358:Houwink ten Cate 1961 8901:Encyclopaedia Biblica 8710:"Türkiye'de Arıcılık" 8672:Houwink ten Cate 1961 8070:Har-El, Shai (1995). 7800:. By Matthew Bunson. 6114:Mythological namesake 5954: 5804:Tosyalı Toyo Osmaniye 5622:Silifke Şehir (4000) 5609:Silifke Belediyespor 5310:Korkut Ata University 5102:"Place of Pilgrimage" 4992: 4938:Church of Saint Peter 4896:Church of Saint Peter 4894: 4751: 4584:resources are around 3128: 3072: 2974:Convention of Kütahya 2939: 2801: 2699: 2570: 2543:Cilicia was known as 2238: 2196:in 67 BC following a 2180: 2075: 2059: 1321: 6th century BC 1132:was forced to accept 1021: 989: 672:Neo-Assyrian Akkadian 571:Neo-Assyrian Akkadian 410:The English spelling 387:The name of Cilicia ( 221:Cilician(s) (English) 12517:Achaemenid satrapies 12379:United Arab Emirates 11445:Diocese of Illyricum 11439:Prefecture of Africa 11194:Galatia II Salutaris 10962:Diocese of Macedonia 10852:Eastern Roman Empire 10614:Mauretania Tingitana 10446:Western Roman Empire 10256:Mauretania Tingitana 10149:Corsica and Sardinia 10089:Africa proconsularis 9716:28 July 2014 at the 9595:Encyclopædia Iranica 9475:. pp. 402–403. 9459:]. Vol. 4. 9141:"Student Statistics" 8272:armenian-history.com 8049:Mongols and the West 7895:"History of Cilicia" 7868:"Cilicia Campestris" 7456:on 26 September 2020 6656:Known less often as 6223:and Chryse (home to 6146:improve this section 5862:improve this section 5814:Women's Super League 5789:Women's Super League 5763:Women's Super League 5737:Women's Super League 5711:Women's Super League 5641:Women's Super League 5112:St. Simeon Monastery 4612:mines are mostly in 3261:. The Hittitologist 3140:Cilicia Peace Treaty 3009:Adana–Mersin railway 2511:Early Islamic period 2399:metropolitan diocese 2372:Christian missionary 2198:Battle of Korakesion 2188:became the haunt of 2038:During the 390s BC, 1104:of the Hittites and 930:originates from the 812:improve this section 747:), and the Pyramus ( 247:Postal code prefixes 208: • Density 12075:Former Soviet Union 11956:Armenian settlement 11451:Quaestura exercitus 11224:Diocese of the East 11214:Pontus Polemoniacus 10876:Diocese of Pannonia 10705:Lucania et Bruttium 10652:Maxima Caesariensis 10647:Flavia Caesariensis 10154:Crete and Cyrenaica 10129:Bithynia and Pontus 9779:History of Anatolia 9670:86, pp. 23–45. 9645:(PDF; 27.4 MB) 8929:on 27 February 2012 8923:"Heaven & Hell" 8742:on 27 December 2016 7741:Alexander the Great 7603:Hallo, pp. 119–120. 7477:Mellink, M.J. 1991. 6801:Oxford Dictionaries 6530: – 333 BC 6250:Cennet and Cehennem 5819:Tosyalı Sports Hall 5558:Burhanettin Kocamaz 5213:Çukurova University 5200:Education in Turkey 5147:, located north of 5090:Church of St. Peter 5032:, near the city of 4993:Kızkalesi (Korykos) 4970:Hellenistic Judaism 4712:Ceyhan Oil Terminal 3920:with an Achaemenid 3571: 3374:Social organisation 3316:Society and culture 3257:) who lived in the 3192:had Adana origins. 3186:Armenian Argentines 3120:Mustafa Kemal Pasha 3082:Armistice of Mudros 2865:relations, being a 2678:Archbishop of Mainz 1313:• Established 1083:Hittite hieroglyphs 910:and flows into the 710:large coastal plain 461:plateau of Anatolia 393:) was derived from 225:Կիլիկյան (Armenian) 223:Kilikyalı (Turkish) 114: / 78:Geographical region 12557:Historical regions 11954:Historic areas of 11553:Antioch of Pisidia 11302:Syria II Salutaris 11159:Armenian Satrapies 10932:Dacia Mediterranea 10854:(395–c. 640) 10782:Venetia et Histria 10690:Apulia et Calabria 10391:Notitia Dignitatum 10241:Lycia et Pamphylia 10219:Hispania Lusitania 10199:Gallia Narbonensis 10194:Gallia Lugdunensis 9431:Edzard, Dietz-Otto 9199:on 23 January 2010 9173:on 28 October 2018 8880:on 23 October 2014 8794:on 21 October 2016 7956:Oriens Christianus 7639:, p. 309-310. 7627:, p. 583-584. 7615:, p. 165-166. 7447:Bilkent University 7021:Cilicia Campestris 6756:on 5 February 2020 6617:*Tarḫuntamu(wa)tas 6590:Tarcondimotus II ( 6586: – 31 BC 6571:*Tarḫuntamu(wa)tas 6536:Roman client kings 5957: 5809:Basketball (women) 5784:Basketball (women) 5758:Basketball (women) 5742:Antakya Sport Hall 5732:Basketball (women) 5706:Basketball (women) 5645:Muharrem Gülergin 5387:Football in Turkey 4995: 4980:Places of interest 4974:early Christianity 4904: 4758: 4706:İskenderun Seaport 3570: 3355:Cultural diversity 3206:Treaty of Lausanne 3202:Republic of Turkey 3196:Republic of Turkey 3136:mandate over Syria 3131: 3079: 3020:Hamidian Massacres 3000:American Civil War 2966:Muhammad Ali Pasha 2945: 2804: 2702: 2652:on their march to 2573: 2407:suffragan dioceses 2307:) and Cappadocia. 2245: 2183: 2104:Hellenistic period 2094: 2070: 2015:Satrapy of Cilicia 1969:Kingdom of Cilicia 1734:• 336–330 BC 1722:• 338–336 BC 1710:• 358–338 BC 1698:• 405–358 BC 1598:Achaemenid Cilicia 1444:Kingdom of Cilicia 1043: 996: 922:Gulf of İskenderun 668:Cilicia Campestris 493:Cilicia Campestris 262:324, 322, 328, 326 200: • Total 187: • Total 12484: 12483: 12423: 12255: 12190: 12183: 12176: 12131: 12117: 12065: 12058: 12044: 12037: 12012: 12005: 11998: 11991: 11900:Armenian diaspora 11866: 11865: 11467: 11466: 11429:Septem Provinciae 11419: 11418: 11391:Other territories 11381: 11380: 11377: 11376: 11373: 11372: 11164:Armenia III (536) 11136:Diocese of Pontus 11126:Phrygia Salutaris 11121:Phrygia Pacatiana 11025:Diocese of Thrace 11008: 11007: 10841: 10840: 10837: 10836: 10833: 10832: 10792:Diocese of Africa 10665: 10664: 10533:Diocese of Vienne 10523:Maxima Sequanorum 10435: 10434: 10334: 10333: 10286:Pannonia Superior 10281:Pannonia Inferior 10209:Germania Superior 10204:Germania Inferior 10068: 10031: 10030: 9887: 9886: 9693:978-3-8316-7184-7 9653:978-3-11-057381-7 9635:978-3-447-11397-7 9482:978-3-11-006772-9 9473:Walter de Gruyter 9401:978-0-415-39485-7 9341:978-3-938402-15-3 9147:on 25 August 2010 9129:on 2 August 2012. 8999:on 9 October 2011 8768:on 27 August 2011 8620:978-0-7486-8613-1 8490:978-0-679-44431-2 8459:978-0-679-44431-2 8142:978-0-19-979276-4 7927:978-0-8028-9016-0 7756:978-0-8037-0945-4 7566:978-0-14-188986-3 7539:978-3-642-14782-1 7420:978-90-04-41741-0 7380:978-90-04-41741-0 7229:Vetus Testamentum 6644:Explanatory notes 6604: 6558: 6506: 6451: 6406: 6269:Independent kings 6187:mentions another 6182: 6181: 6174: 6100:Ottoman Armenians 6045:on the east, and 5898: 5897: 5890: 5827: 5826: 5692:Venue (capacity) 5652: 5651: 5631:Adana İdman Yurdu 5553:TFF Second League 5529:TFF Second League 5503:TFF Second League 5482:New Adana Stadium 5433:New Adana Stadium 5409:Venue (capacity) 5315:Osmaniye Province 5249:Mersin University 5008:Heaven & Hell 4887:Religious tourism 4875:, all located in 4835:and Soğukoluk in 4833:Osmaniye Province 4752:Yemiskumu Beach ( 4718:(the "BTC"), the 4498:Natural resources 4462: 4461: 3893: 3892: 3832:(Chork Marzban), 3346:Persian influence 3292:, the founder of 3055:Armenian genocide 2903:Anatolian Seljuks 2899:Anatolian beyliks 2686:Kingdom of Cyprus 2517:Abbasid Caliphate 2322:Diocesis Orientis 2173:Cibyrrhaeot Theme 2025:Cyrus the Younger 2012: 2011: 1998: 1997: 1994: 1993: 1982:Macedonian Empire 1974: 1973: 1672: • Type 1608:Achaemenid Empire 1528:Achaemenid Empire 1462: 1441: 1440: 1427: 1426: 1423: 1422: 1411:Cilicia (satrapy) 1403: 1402: 1013:2nd millennium BC 848: 847: 840: 702: 683: 656: 601: 582: 555: 349:Mediterranean Sea 306: 305: 118:36.985°N 35.120°E 16:(Redirected from 12574: 12419: 12251: 12186: 12179: 12172: 12127: 12113: 12061: 12054: 12040: 12033: 12008: 12003:Hidden Armenians 12001: 11994: 11987: 11967:Nagorno-Karabakh 11948: 11893: 11886: 11879: 11870: 11869: 11635:Alexandria Troas 11502:Paul the Apostle 11494: 11487: 11480: 11471: 11470: 11443: Later the 11427: Later the 11387: 11386: 11365:Thebais Inferior 11360:Thebais Superior 11317:Diocese of Egypt 11307:Theodorias (528) 11169:Armenia IV (536) 11021: 11020: 10924:Diocese of Dacia 10914:Valeria ripensis 10872: 10871: 10861: 10860: 10847: 10846: 10730:Tuscia et Umbria 10678: 10677: 10581:Diocese of Spain 10466: 10465: 10455: 10454: 10441: 10440: 10405: 10388:As found in the 10377: 10376: 10361: 10354: 10347: 10338: 10337: 10318: 10214:Hispania Baetica 10184:Gallia Aquitania 10066: 10058: 10051: 10044: 10035: 10034: 9914: 9907: 9900: 9891: 9890: 9772: 9765: 9758: 9749: 9748: 9614: 9612: 9610: 9604:Brill Publishers 9584: 9582: 9580: 9555: 9553: 9551: 9509: 9486: 9439:Röllig, Wolfgang 9433:; Calmeyer, P.; 9422: 9405: 9361: 9355: 9346: 9345: 9324: 9318: 9303: 9297: 9296: 9294: 9292: 9281: 9275: 9274: 9272: 9270: 9255: 9249: 9248: 9247:on 21 June 2009. 9243:. Archived from 9237: 9231: 9230: 9228: 9226: 9215: 9209: 9208: 9206: 9204: 9189: 9183: 9182: 9180: 9178: 9163: 9157: 9156: 9154: 9152: 9137: 9131: 9130: 9119: 9113: 9112: 9110: 9108: 9103:on 5 August 2012 9093: 9087: 9086: 9084: 9082: 9077:on 5 August 2012 9067: 9061: 9060: 9058: 9056: 9051:on 5 August 2012 9041: 9035: 9034: 9032: 9030: 9015: 9009: 9008: 9006: 9004: 8989: 8983: 8982: 8975: 8969: 8968: 8966: 8964: 8949: 8943: 8942: 8936: 8934: 8919: 8913: 8906:online .pdf file 8896: 8890: 8889: 8887: 8885: 8870: 8864: 8850: 8844: 8843: 8836: 8830: 8829: 8827: 8825: 8820:on 6 August 2016 8810: 8804: 8803: 8801: 8799: 8784: 8778: 8777: 8775: 8773: 8758: 8752: 8751: 8749: 8747: 8732: 8726: 8725: 8723: 8721: 8706: 8700: 8699: 8697: 8695: 8681: 8675: 8669: 8663: 8657: 8644: 8638: 8625: 8624: 8606: 8600: 8594: 8585: 8584: 8568: 8558: 8552: 8534: 8528: 8503: 8492: 8467: 8461: 8436: 8430: 8405: 8396: 8395: 8393: 8391: 8380: 8374: 8373: 8371: 8369: 8358:"Bourj Hammmoud" 8354: 8348: 8347: 8345: 8343: 8332: 8326: 8323:Armenian Cilicia 8319: 8313: 8312: 8310: 8308: 8302: 8294: 8283: 8282: 8280: 8278: 8263: 8257: 8256: 8232: 8226: 8225: 8223: 8221: 8210: 8201: 8194:Armenian Cilicia 8190: 8184: 8183: 8175: 8169: 8168: 8166: 8164: 8153: 8147: 8146: 8126: 8120: 8119: 8101: 8095: 8092: 8086: 8085: 8067: 8061: 8058: 8052: 8045: 8039: 8038: 8020: 8014: 8013: 7965: 7959: 7952: 7946: 7945: 7939: 7931: 7913: 7907: 7906: 7904: 7902: 7891: 7885: 7884: 7882: 7880: 7866:Mark, Joshua J. 7863: 7857: 7856: 7850: 7842: 7818: 7809: 7795: 7789: 7786: 7780: 7767: 7761: 7760: 7744: 7734: 7728: 7722: 7655: 7649: 7640: 7634: 7628: 7622: 7616: 7610: 7604: 7601: 7595: 7592: 7586: 7585: 7577: 7571: 7570: 7550: 7544: 7543: 7523: 7517: 7516: 7488: 7482: 7475: 7466: 7465: 7463: 7461: 7455: 7440: 7431: 7425: 7424: 7406: 7400: 7399: 7391: 7385: 7384: 7366: 7357: 7354: 7348: 7345: 7339: 7332: 7326: 7317: 7311: 7310: 7291: 7285: 7284: 7265: 7259: 7258: 7239: 7233: 7224: 7218: 7211: 7205: 7198: 7189: 7175: 7169: 7155: 7149: 7124: 7118: 7111: 7105: 7099: 7093: 7092: 7071: 7069: 7068: 7062: 7023: 7018: 7012: 6998: 6992: 6974: 6968: 6962: 6933: 6929: 6909: 6889: 6869: 6849: 6827: 6818: 6817: 6815: 6813: 6792: 6790: 6788: 6772: 6766: 6765: 6763: 6761: 6740: 6731: 6730: 6728: 6726: 6717: 6709: 6689: 6675: 6667: 6654: 6639: 6638: 6635: 6631: 6628: 6624: 6619: 6609: 6599: 6597: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6578: 6573: 6563: 6553: 6551: 6531: 6529: 6526: 6522: 6517: 6511: 6501: 6499: 6486: 6485: 6482: 6478: 6475: 6471: 6466: 6456: 6446: 6444: 6431: 6430: 6427: 6423: 6420: 6416: 6411: 6401: 6399: 6379: 6378: 6375: 6371: 6366: 6351: 6350: 6347: 6343: 6338: 6328: 6327: 6324: 6320: 6315: 6296: 6295: 6292: 6288: 6283: 6260:'s thunderbolt. 6241:Prometheus Bound 6177: 6170: 6166: 6163: 6157: 6126: 6118: 6051:State road D-400 6041:on the west and 5893: 5886: 5882: 5879: 5873: 5842: 5834: 5794:Edip Buran Arena 5716:Edip Buran Arena 5680: 5679: 5660: 5636:Football (women) 5618:TFF Third League 5597:TFF Third League 5588: 5566: 5477:TFF First League 5397: 5396: 5367:Toros University 4920:Paul the Apostle 4843:Balneary tourism 4762:Antalya Province 4598:is found around 4574:is found around 4148: 4138: 4095: 4085: 4030: 4022: 4015: 4008: 3996: 3995: 3990:Taurus Mountains 3953: 3950: 3889: 3807: 3753: 3667: 3572: 3534: 3533: 3528: 3519: 3518: 3459: 3456: 3453: 3450: 3447: 3443: 3437: 3431: 3430: 3425: 3256: 3255: 3250: 3148:Treaty of Ankara 3094:State of Cilicia 2881:Shamanic rituals 2855:Anatolian beylik 2684:of the Crusader 2527:Taurus Mountains 2505:Byzantine Empire 2439: 2389:and once in the 2353:Byzantine Empire 2326:Diocese of Egypt 2306: 2304: 2261: 2259: 2052: 2049: 1990: 1989: 1978: 1977: 1965: 1964: 1958: 1957: 1942: 1941: 1914: 1911: 1870: 1867: 1852: 1849: 1845: 1842: 1827: 1824: 1820: 1817: 1802: 1799: 1786: 1783: 1770: 1767: 1673: 1647: 1631: 1619: 1616: 1595: 1594: 1540: 1537: 1483: 1467: 1457: 1455: 1419: 1418: 1407: 1406: 1394: 1393: 1380: 1379: 1373: 1372: 1357: 1356: 1337: 1334: 1322: 1319: 1287: 1284: 1240: 1229: 1223: 1222: 1212: 1211: 1207: 1201: 1192: 1186: 1177:in the east was 1149:Taurus Mountains 1030:) and Pillia of 994:, circa 2200 BC. 946:Taurus Mountains 932:Taurus Mountains 908:Kayseri Province 843: 836: 832: 829: 823: 792: 784: 707: 701:romanized: 700: 698: 697: 688: 682:romanized: 681: 679: 678: 661: 651: 649: 606: 600:romanized: 599: 597: 596: 587: 581:romanized: 580: 578: 577: 560: 558:Kilikia Trakheia 550: 548: 528: 517: 457:Taurus Mountains 443:coast east from 430: 427: 415: 406: 405: 404: 398: 392: 391: 342: 341: 338: 337: 334: 331: 328: 325: 322: 319: 129: 128: 126: 125: 124: 119: 115: 112: 111: 110: 107: 88: 71: 65: 64: 59: 58: 53: 52: 42: 41: 21: 12582: 12581: 12577: 12576: 12575: 12573: 12572: 12571: 12567:Regions of Asia 12527:Ancient Cilicia 12487: 12486: 12485: 12480: 12459: 12443: 12383: 12320: 12281:North Macedonia 12276:The Netherlands 12200: 12136: 12070: 12017: 12010:Western Armenia 11955: 11949: 11940: 11935:Ethnic enclaves 11902: 11897: 11867: 11862: 11730: 11588: 11504: 11498: 11468: 11463: 11415: 11392: 11369: 11345:Augustamnica II 11311: 11218: 11130: 11068:Diocese of Asia 11062: 11015: 11004: 10990:Macedonia Prima 10956: 10918: 10894:Noricum ripense 10866: 10855: 10829: 10786: 10739: 10672: 10661: 10623: 10575: 10541:Alpes Maritimae 10527: 10513:Lugdunensis III 10470:Diocese of Gaul 10460: 10449: 10448:(395–476) 10431: 10398:established by 10382: 10371: 10365: 10335: 10330: 10319: 10310: 10271:Moesia Superior 10266:Moesia Inferior 10099:Alpes Maritimae 10070: 10062: 10032: 10027: 9924: 9918: 9888: 9883: 9882: 9880: 9781: 9776: 9718:Wayback Machine 9702: 9622: 9620:Further reading 9617: 9608: 9606: 9578: 9576: 9549: 9547: 9483: 9461:Berlin, Germany 9402: 9370: 9365: 9364: 9356: 9349: 9342: 9325: 9321: 9304: 9300: 9290: 9288: 9283: 9282: 9278: 9268: 9266: 9265:on 1 March 2012 9257: 9256: 9252: 9239: 9238: 9234: 9224: 9222: 9217: 9216: 9212: 9202: 9200: 9191: 9190: 9186: 9176: 9174: 9165: 9164: 9160: 9150: 9148: 9139: 9138: 9134: 9121: 9120: 9116: 9106: 9104: 9095: 9094: 9090: 9080: 9078: 9069: 9068: 9064: 9054: 9052: 9043: 9042: 9038: 9028: 9026: 9025:on 5 March 2016 9017: 9016: 9012: 9002: 9000: 8991: 8990: 8986: 8977: 8976: 8972: 8962: 8960: 8959:on 3 March 2016 8951: 8950: 8946: 8932: 8930: 8921: 8920: 8916: 8897: 8893: 8883: 8881: 8872: 8871: 8867: 8861:Wayback Machine 8851: 8847: 8838: 8837: 8833: 8823: 8821: 8812: 8811: 8807: 8797: 8795: 8786: 8785: 8781: 8771: 8769: 8760: 8759: 8755: 8745: 8743: 8734: 8733: 8729: 8719: 8717: 8716:on 8 April 2022 8708: 8707: 8703: 8693: 8691: 8683: 8682: 8678: 8670: 8666: 8658: 8647: 8639: 8628: 8621: 8607: 8603: 8595: 8588: 8581: 8559: 8555: 8535: 8531: 8518:Wayback Machine 8504: 8495: 8482:Wayback Machine 8468: 8464: 8451:Wayback Machine 8437: 8433: 8420:Wayback Machine 8406: 8399: 8389: 8387: 8382: 8381: 8377: 8367: 8365: 8356: 8355: 8351: 8341: 8339: 8334: 8333: 8329: 8320: 8316: 8306: 8304: 8303:. HDV Yayınları 8300: 8296: 8295: 8286: 8276: 8274: 8264: 8260: 8253: 8233: 8229: 8219: 8217: 8212: 8211: 8204: 8191: 8187: 8176: 8172: 8162: 8160: 8155: 8154: 8150: 8143: 8127: 8123: 8116: 8102: 8098: 8093: 8089: 8082: 8068: 8064: 8059: 8055: 8047:Peter Jackson, 8046: 8042: 8035: 8021: 8017: 7986:10.2307/3162702 7966: 7962: 7953: 7949: 7933: 7932: 7928: 7914: 7910: 7900: 7898: 7893: 7892: 7888: 7878: 7876: 7864: 7860: 7844: 7843: 7839: 7819: 7812: 7796: 7792: 7787: 7783: 7778:Wayback Machine 7768: 7764: 7757: 7735: 7731: 7723: 7658: 7650: 7643: 7635: 7631: 7623: 7619: 7611: 7607: 7602: 7598: 7593: 7589: 7578: 7574: 7567: 7551: 7547: 7540: 7524: 7520: 7489: 7485: 7476: 7469: 7459: 7457: 7453: 7438: 7432: 7428: 7421: 7407: 7403: 7392: 7388: 7381: 7367: 7360: 7355: 7351: 7346: 7342: 7333: 7329: 7318: 7314: 7293: 7292: 7288: 7267: 7266: 7262: 7241: 7240: 7236: 7225: 7221: 7212: 7208: 7199: 7192: 7176: 7172: 7156: 7152: 7139:Wayback Machine 7125: 7121: 7112: 7108: 7100: 7096: 7081:, ed. (1911). " 7066: 7064: 7063: 7026: 7019: 7015: 6999: 6995: 6975: 6971: 6963: 6936: 6932: 6912: 6892: 6872: 6852: 6832: 6828: 6821: 6811: 6809: 6794: 6786: 6784: 6774: 6773: 6769: 6759: 6757: 6742: 6741: 6734: 6724: 6722: 6715: 6711: 6710: 6703: 6698: 6693: 6692: 6655: 6651: 6646: 6636: 6629: 6621: 6583: 6575: 6542:Tarcondimotus I 6538: 6527: 6519: 6483: 6476: 6468: 6428: 6421: 6413: 6386: 6376: 6368: 6348: 6340: 6325: 6317: 6303: 6293: 6285: 6271: 6266: 6185:Greek mythology 6178: 6167: 6161: 6158: 6143: 6127: 6116: 6096: 6087: 6027: 6011:Northern Cyprus 5999: 5906: 5894: 5883: 5877: 5874: 5859: 5843: 5832: 5678: 5673: 5672: 5671: 5668:Adana Demirspor 5666: 5661: 5578: 5560: 5418:Adana Demirspor 5395: 5380: 5202: 5196: 5124: 4987: 4982: 4889: 4873:mineral springs 4849:thermal springs 4845: 4821:Mersin Province 4746: 4671: 4635: 4554: 4505: 4500: 4468: 4463: 4149: 4143: 4139: 4096: 4090: 4086: 4038: 4037: 4033:2021 data from 4031: 4028: 4026: 4001: 3982:Mersin Province 3964: 3951: 3903: 3898: 3782:(Tall Hamdūn), 3545: 3507: 3477: 3457: 3454: 3451: 3448: 3418: 3413: 3385: 3376: 3357: 3348: 3328: 3323: 3318: 3243: 3198: 3102:Mihran Damadian 3090:Armenian Legion 3075:General Gouraud 3067: 2996:Oriental crisis 2960:Eyalet of Egypt 2911: 2835:Karaman Emirate 2796: 2764: 2749:Turkmen Emirate 2725: 2694: 2565: 2559: 2553: 2513: 2458:Cilicia Secunda 2421: 2357:classical world 2328:), part of the 2271:Tarcondimotus I 2257: 2249:Parthian Empire 2186:Cilicia Trachea 2175: 2167:Main articles: 2165: 2106: 2050: 2017: 1987: 1962: 1921: 1912: 1906: 1872: 1868: 1853: 1850: 1843: 1828: 1825: 1818: 1803: 1800: 1787: 1784: 1771: 1768: 1735: 1723: 1711: 1699: 1671: 1648: 1638: 1633: 1632: 1617: 1538: 1521: 1446: 1416: 1391: 1377: 1344: 1335: 1329: 1320: 1314: 1288: 1285: 1243: 1231: 1217: 1171: 1163:Main articles: 1161: 1007:in the earlier 1001: 968: 963: 952:. It forms the 889:Berdan (Tarsus) 844: 833: 827: 824: 809: 793: 782: 765: 724:), filled with 637: 547:Κιλικια Τραχεια 536: 469:Cilicia Trachea 437: 428: 385: 316: 312: 252: 224: 222: 122: 120: 116: 113: 108: 105: 103: 101: 100: 94: 90:Cilicia in the 79: 72: 66: 60: 54: 47: 40: 35: 28: 23: 22: 18:Cilicia Trachea 15: 12: 11: 5: 12580: 12570: 12569: 12564: 12559: 12554: 12549: 12544: 12539: 12534: 12529: 12524: 12519: 12514: 12509: 12504: 12499: 12482: 12481: 12479: 12478: 12473: 12467: 12465: 12461: 12460: 12458: 12457: 12451: 12449: 12445: 12444: 12442: 12441: 12436: 12431: 12426: 12425: 12424: 12412: 12407: 12402: 12397: 12391: 12389: 12385: 12384: 12382: 12381: 12376: 12371: 12366: 12361: 12356: 12351: 12346: 12341: 12336: 12330: 12328: 12322: 12321: 12319: 12318: 12316:United Kingdom 12313: 12308: 12303: 12298: 12293: 12288: 12283: 12278: 12273: 12268: 12263: 12258: 12257: 12256: 12244: 12239: 12234: 12232:Czech Republic 12229: 12224: 12219: 12214: 12208: 12206: 12202: 12201: 12199: 12198: 12193: 12192: 12191: 12184: 12177: 12165: 12160: 12155: 12150: 12144: 12142: 12138: 12137: 12135: 12134: 12133: 12132: 12120: 12119: 12118: 12106: 12101: 12096: 12091: 12090: 12089: 12078: 12076: 12072: 12071: 12069: 12068: 12067: 12066: 12059: 12047: 12046: 12045: 12038: 12025: 12023: 12019: 12018: 12016: 12015: 12014: 12013: 12006: 11999: 11992: 11989:Bolis/Istanbul 11980: 11975: 11970: 11959: 11957: 11951: 11950: 11943: 11941: 11939: 11938: 11931: 11924: 11923: 11922: 11907: 11904: 11903: 11896: 11895: 11888: 11881: 11873: 11864: 11863: 11861: 11860: 11854: 11848: 11842: 11836: 11830: 11824: 11818: 11812: 11806: 11800: 11794: 11788: 11782: 11775: 11769: 11763: 11757: 11751: 11745: 11738: 11736: 11732: 11731: 11729: 11728: 11722: 11716: 11710: 11704: 11698: 11692: 11686: 11680: 11674: 11668: 11662: 11656: 11650: 11644: 11638: 11627: 11621: 11615: 11609: 11603: 11596: 11594: 11593:Second journey 11590: 11589: 11587: 11586: 11579: 11573: 11567: 11561: 11555: 11549: 11543: 11537: 11531: 11525: 11519: 11512: 11510: 11506: 11505: 11497: 11496: 11489: 11482: 11474: 11465: 11464: 11462: 11461: 11454: 11447: 11441: 11431: 11424: 11421: 11420: 11417: 11416: 11414: 11413: 11408: 11403: 11397: 11394: 11393: 11383: 11382: 11379: 11378: 11375: 11374: 11371: 11370: 11368: 11367: 11362: 11357: 11355:Libya Inferior 11352: 11350:Libya Superior 11347: 11342: 11340:Augustamnica I 11337: 11332: 11327: 11321: 11319: 11313: 11312: 11310: 11309: 11304: 11299: 11294: 11289: 11284: 11279: 11274: 11269: 11264: 11259: 11254: 11249: 11244: 11239: 11234: 11228: 11226: 11220: 11219: 11217: 11216: 11211: 11206: 11201: 11196: 11191: 11186: 11181: 11176: 11171: 11166: 11161: 11156: 11151: 11146: 11140: 11138: 11132: 11131: 11129: 11128: 11123: 11118: 11113: 11108: 11103: 11098: 11096:Lycaonia (370) 11093: 11088: 11083: 11078: 11072: 11070: 11064: 11063: 11061: 11060: 11055: 11050: 11045: 11040: 11035: 11029: 11027: 11018: 11010: 11009: 11006: 11005: 11003: 11002: 10997: 10992: 10987: 10982: 10977: 10972: 10966: 10964: 10958: 10957: 10955: 10954: 10949: 10944: 10939: 10937:Dacia Ripensis 10934: 10928: 10926: 10920: 10919: 10917: 10916: 10911: 10906: 10901: 10896: 10891: 10886: 10880: 10878: 10869: 10857: 10856: 10843: 10842: 10839: 10838: 10835: 10834: 10831: 10830: 10828: 10827: 10822: 10817: 10812: 10807: 10802: 10796: 10794: 10788: 10787: 10785: 10784: 10779: 10774: 10769: 10760: 10755: 10749: 10747: 10741: 10740: 10738: 10737: 10732: 10727: 10722: 10717: 10712: 10707: 10702: 10697: 10692: 10686: 10684: 10675: 10667: 10666: 10663: 10662: 10660: 10659: 10654: 10649: 10644: 10639: 10633: 10631: 10625: 10624: 10622: 10621: 10616: 10611: 10606: 10601: 10599:Carthaginensis 10596: 10591: 10585: 10583: 10577: 10576: 10574: 10573: 10568: 10566:Novempopulania 10563: 10561:Narbonensis II 10558: 10553: 10548: 10543: 10537: 10535: 10529: 10528: 10526: 10525: 10520: 10518:Lugdunensis IV 10515: 10510: 10508:Lugdunensis II 10505: 10500: 10495: 10490: 10485: 10480: 10474: 10472: 10463: 10451: 10450: 10437: 10436: 10433: 10432: 10387: 10384: 10383: 10373: 10372: 10364: 10363: 10356: 10349: 10341: 10332: 10331: 10324: 10321: 10320: 10313: 10311: 10309: 10308: 10303: 10298: 10293: 10288: 10283: 10278: 10273: 10268: 10263: 10258: 10253: 10248: 10243: 10238: 10233: 10226: 10221: 10216: 10211: 10206: 10201: 10196: 10191: 10189:Gallia Belgica 10186: 10181: 10176: 10171: 10166: 10161: 10156: 10151: 10146: 10141: 10136: 10131: 10126: 10121: 10116: 10111: 10109:Arabia Petraea 10106: 10101: 10096: 10091: 10086: 10081: 10075: 10072: 10071: 10061: 10060: 10053: 10046: 10038: 10029: 10028: 10026: 10025: 10020: 10015: 10010: 10005: 10000: 9995: 9990: 9985: 9980: 9975: 9970: 9965: 9960: 9955: 9950: 9945: 9940: 9935: 9929: 9926: 9925: 9917: 9916: 9909: 9902: 9894: 9885: 9884: 9787: 9786: 9783: 9782: 9775: 9774: 9767: 9760: 9752: 9746: 9745: 9740: 9735: 9730: 9725: 9720: 9708: 9701: 9700:External links 9698: 9697: 9696: 9671: 9662: 9656: 9638: 9621: 9618: 9616: 9615: 9585: 9556: 9510: 9487: 9481: 9447:Wiseman, D. J. 9423: 9406: 9400: 9388:United Kingdom 9371: 9369: 9366: 9363: 9362: 9360:, p. 128. 9347: 9340: 9319: 9298: 9285:"TFF Databank" 9276: 9250: 9232: 9210: 9184: 9158: 9132: 9114: 9088: 9062: 9036: 9010: 8984: 8970: 8953:"Yılanlı Kale" 8944: 8914: 8891: 8865: 8845: 8831: 8805: 8779: 8753: 8727: 8701: 8676: 8674:, p. 127. 8664: 8645: 8643:, p. 122. 8626: 8619: 8601: 8599:, p. 166. 8586: 8579: 8553: 8529: 8493: 8462: 8431: 8397: 8375: 8349: 8327: 8325:, pp. 457–489. 8314: 8284: 8258: 8251: 8227: 8202: 8185: 8170: 8148: 8141: 8121: 8115:978-9004191051 8114: 8096: 8087: 8081:978-9004101807 8080: 8062: 8053: 8040: 8033: 8015: 7980:(2): 139–149. 7974:Church History 7960: 7947: 7926: 7908: 7886: 7858: 7837: 7810: 7808:. See page 90. 7790: 7781: 7762: 7755: 7729: 7656: 7654:, p. 403. 7641: 7629: 7617: 7605: 7596: 7594:Hallo, p. 112. 7587: 7572: 7565: 7559:. Penguin UK. 7545: 7538: 7518: 7483: 7467: 7426: 7419: 7401: 7386: 7379: 7358: 7349: 7340: 7327: 7312: 7286: 7260: 7234: 7219: 7206: 7190: 7170: 7150: 7119: 7106: 7104:, p. 103. 7094: 7079:Chisholm, Hugh 7024: 7013: 6993: 6969: 6967:, p. 165. 6934: 6931: 6930: 6910: 6890: 6870: 6850: 6829: 6819: 6808:on 25 May 2019 6767: 6732: 6700: 6699: 6697: 6694: 6691: 6690: 6648: 6647: 6645: 6642: 6641: 6640: 6588: 6537: 6534: 6533: 6532: 6487: 6432: 6385: 6382: 6381: 6380: 6352: 6349: 470s BC 6329: 6306:Syennesis II ( 6302: 6299: 6298: 6297: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6264:List of rulers 6262: 6180: 6179: 6130: 6128: 6121: 6115: 6112: 6095: 6092: 6086: 6083: 6049:on the south. 6037:on the north, 6026: 6023: 5998: 5995: 5980:Hatay Province 5905: 5902: 5896: 5895: 5846: 5844: 5837: 5831: 5830:Transportation 5828: 5825: 5824: 5821: 5816: 5811: 5806: 5800: 5799: 5797: 5791: 5786: 5781: 5775: 5774: 5771: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5749: 5748: 5745: 5739: 5734: 5729: 5723: 5722: 5719: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5697: 5696: 5693: 5690: 5687: 5684: 5674: 5663: 5662: 5655: 5654: 5653: 5650: 5649: 5646: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5627: 5626: 5623: 5620: 5615: 5613:Football (men) 5610: 5606: 5605: 5602: 5601:7 Ocak (6635) 5599: 5594: 5592:Football (men) 5589: 5572: 5571: 5568: 5555: 5550: 5548:Football (men) 5545: 5541: 5540: 5537: 5531: 5526: 5524:Football (men) 5521: 5515: 5514: 5511: 5505: 5500: 5498:Football (men) 5495: 5489: 5488: 5485: 5479: 5474: 5472:Football (men) 5469: 5463: 5462: 5459: 5456: 5451: 5449:Football (men) 5446: 5440: 5439: 5436: 5430: 5425: 5423:Football (men) 5420: 5414: 5413: 5410: 5407: 5404: 5401: 5391: 5379: 5376: 5351:Çağ University 5295:Hatay Province 5195: 5192: 5134:, near Tuzla. 5127:Akyatan Lagoon 5123: 5120: 4986: 4983: 4981: 4978: 4924:Seven Sleepers 4888: 4885: 4877:Adana Province 4844: 4841: 4837:Hatay Province 4825:Adana Province 4745: 4742: 4722:, the planned 4692:Mersin Seaport 4670: 4667: 4634: 4631: 4630: 4629: 4623: 4617: 4614:Hatay Province 4607: 4593: 4579: 4569: 4553: 4550: 4504: 4501: 4499: 4496: 4467: 4464: 4460: 4459: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4443: 4440: 4435: 4430: 4426: 4425: 4422: 4417: 4412: 4409: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4392: 4391: 4388: 4383: 4378: 4375: 4372: 4367: 4362: 4358: 4357: 4354: 4349: 4344: 4341: 4338: 4333: 4328: 4324: 4323: 4320: 4315: 4310: 4307: 4304: 4299: 4294: 4290: 4289: 4286: 4281: 4276: 4273: 4270: 4265: 4260: 4256: 4255: 4252: 4247: 4242: 4239: 4236: 4231: 4226: 4222: 4221: 4218: 4213: 4208: 4205: 4202: 4197: 4192: 4188: 4187: 4184: 4179: 4174: 4171: 4168: 4163: 4158: 4154: 4153: 4132: 4129: 4124: 4119: 4116: 4113: 4108: 4103: 4100: 4078: 4077: 4075: 4070: 4065: 4063: 4058: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4043: 4040: 4039: 4032: 4027: 4025: 4024: 4017: 4010: 4002: 3999: 3994: 3986:Adana Province 3974:Adana Province 3963: 3960: 3952: 260s AD 3937: 3936: 3925: 3918:Baal of Tarsus 3914: 3902: 3899: 3897: 3894: 3891: 3890: 3883: 3880: 3823: 3820: 3815: 3809: 3808: 3801: 3798: 3769: 3766: 3761: 3755: 3754: 3747: 3744: 3683: 3680: 3675: 3669: 3668: 3661: 3658: 3619:(Kelenderis), 3606: 3603: 3598: 3592: 3591: 3588: 3585: 3582: 3579: 3576: 3544: 3541: 3540: 3539: 3536: 3529:) to Teukros ( 3506: 3503: 3476: 3473: 3417: 3414: 3412: 3409: 3384: 3381: 3375: 3372: 3371: 3370: 3367: 3364: 3356: 3353: 3347: 3344: 3327: 3324: 3322: 3319: 3317: 3314: 3282:Cilicia Pedias 3242: 3239: 3197: 3194: 3077:arrives Mersin 3066: 3063: 3036:Adana massacre 3026:rule with the 3013:Port of Mersin 2910: 2909:Ottoman period 2907: 2842:Misis Castle. 2795: 2792: 2763: 2760: 2724: 2721: 2693: 2690: 2585:Seljuk Turkish 2555:Main article: 2552: 2549: 2512: 2509: 2298:Middle Persian 2288:king of kings 2247:In 51 BC, the 2210:Cilicia Pedias 2206:Roman province 2164: 2161: 2105: 2102: 2082:Artaxerxes III 2016: 2013: 2010: 2009: 2004: 2000: 1999: 1996: 1995: 1992: 1991: 1984: 1975: 1972: 1971: 1966: 1954: 1953: 1948: 1938: 1937: 1934: 1933: 1930: 1929: 1926: 1925: 1922: 1919: 1916: 1915: 1907: 1904: 1901: 1900: 1897: 1896: 1894:Achaemenid era 1891: 1890:Historical era 1887: 1886: 1883: 1882: 1879: 1878: 1873: 1863: 1860: 1859: 1854: 1838: 1835: 1834: 1829: 1813: 1810: 1809: 1804: 1795: 1792: 1791: 1788: 1785: 470s BC 1779: 1776: 1775: 1772: 1763: 1760: 1759: 1756: 1755: 1752: 1746: 1745: 1742: 1741: 1736: 1733: 1730: 1729: 1724: 1721: 1718: 1717: 1715:Artaxerxes III 1712: 1709: 1706: 1705: 1700: 1697: 1694: 1693: 1690: 1689: 1686: 1680: 1679: 1674: 1668: 1667: 1665: 1661: 1660: 1655: 1651: 1650: 1640: 1639: 1634: 1626: 1625: 1622: 1621: 1611: 1610: 1600: 1599: 1520: 1517: 1445: 1442: 1439: 1438: 1433: 1429: 1428: 1425: 1424: 1421: 1420: 1413: 1404: 1401: 1400: 1395: 1387: 1386: 1381: 1369: 1368: 1363: 1353: 1352: 1349: 1348: 1345: 1342: 1339: 1338: 1330: 1327: 1324: 1323: 1315: 1312: 1309: 1308: 1305: 1304: 1301: 1297: 1296: 1293: 1292: 1289: 1280: 1277: 1276: 1273: 1272: 1269: 1265: 1264: 1261: 1255: 1254: 1249: 1245: 1244: 1241: 1233: 1232: 1218: 1215: 1210: 1209: 1194: 1160: 1157: 1035:(now Cilicia), 1000: 997: 967: 964: 962: 959: 958: 957: 939: 925: 915: 912:Gulf of Mersin 856:alluvial plain 846: 845: 796: 794: 787: 781: 778: 764: 761: 743:), the Sarus ( 659:Kilikia Pedias 648:Κιλικια Πεδιας 636: 633: 567:Cilicia Aspera 535: 532: 531: 530: 519: 485:Cilicia Pedias 479:, west of the 477:Cilicia Aspera 465:Cilician Gates 436: 433: 429: 500–700 384: 381: 353:Cilician plain 304: 303: 286: 282: 281: 280:$ 6,982 (2018) 278: 277:GRP per capita 274: 273: 270: 264: 263: 260: 254: 253: 250: 248: 244: 243: 233: 227: 226: 219: 213: 212: 209: 205: 204: 201: 197: 196: 192: 191: 188: 184: 183: 179: 178: 159: 153: 152: 147: 143: 142: 137: 131: 130: 123:36.985; 35.120 96: 95: 89: 81: 80: 77: 74: 73: 48: 45: 38: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12579: 12568: 12565: 12563: 12560: 12558: 12555: 12553: 12550: 12548: 12545: 12543: 12540: 12538: 12535: 12533: 12530: 12528: 12525: 12523: 12520: 12518: 12515: 12513: 12510: 12508: 12505: 12503: 12500: 12498: 12495: 12494: 12492: 12477: 12474: 12472: 12469: 12468: 12466: 12462: 12456: 12453: 12452: 12450: 12446: 12440: 12437: 12435: 12432: 12430: 12427: 12422: 12418: 12417: 12416: 12413: 12411: 12408: 12406: 12403: 12401: 12398: 12396: 12393: 12392: 12390: 12386: 12380: 12377: 12375: 12372: 12370: 12367: 12365: 12362: 12360: 12357: 12355: 12352: 12350: 12347: 12345: 12342: 12340: 12337: 12335: 12332: 12331: 12329: 12327: 12323: 12317: 12314: 12312: 12309: 12307: 12304: 12302: 12299: 12297: 12294: 12292: 12289: 12287: 12284: 12282: 12279: 12277: 12274: 12272: 12269: 12267: 12264: 12262: 12259: 12254: 12250: 12249: 12248: 12245: 12243: 12240: 12238: 12235: 12233: 12230: 12228: 12225: 12223: 12220: 12218: 12215: 12213: 12210: 12209: 12207: 12203: 12197: 12194: 12189: 12185: 12182: 12181:San Francisco 12178: 12175: 12171: 12170: 12169: 12168:United States 12166: 12164: 12161: 12159: 12156: 12154: 12151: 12149: 12146: 12145: 12143: 12139: 12130: 12126: 12125: 12124: 12121: 12116: 12112: 12111: 12110: 12107: 12105: 12102: 12100: 12097: 12095: 12092: 12088: 12085: 12084: 12083: 12082:Baltic states 12080: 12079: 12077: 12073: 12064: 12060: 12057: 12053: 12052: 12051: 12048: 12043: 12039: 12036: 12032: 12031: 12030: 12027: 12026: 12024: 12020: 12011: 12007: 12004: 12000: 11997: 11993: 11990: 11986: 11985: 11984: 11981: 11979: 11976: 11974: 11971: 11968: 11964: 11961: 11960: 11958: 11952: 11947: 11937: 11936: 11932: 11930: 11929: 11925: 11921: 11920: 11916: 11915: 11914: 11913: 11909: 11908: 11905: 11901: 11894: 11889: 11887: 11882: 11880: 11875: 11874: 11871: 11859: 11855: 11853: 11849: 11847: 11843: 11841: 11837: 11835: 11831: 11829: 11825: 11823: 11819: 11817: 11813: 11811: 11807: 11805: 11801: 11799: 11795: 11793: 11789: 11787: 11783: 11780: 11776: 11774: 11770: 11768: 11764: 11762: 11758: 11756: 11752: 11750: 11746: 11744: 11740: 11739: 11737: 11735:Third journey 11733: 11727: 11723: 11721: 11717: 11715: 11711: 11709: 11705: 11703: 11699: 11697: 11693: 11691: 11687: 11685: 11681: 11679: 11675: 11673: 11669: 11667: 11663: 11661: 11657: 11655: 11651: 11649: 11645: 11643: 11639: 11636: 11632: 11628: 11626: 11622: 11620: 11616: 11614: 11610: 11608: 11604: 11602: 11598: 11597: 11595: 11591: 11584: 11580: 11578: 11574: 11572: 11568: 11566: 11562: 11560: 11556: 11554: 11550: 11548: 11544: 11542: 11538: 11536: 11532: 11530: 11526: 11524: 11520: 11518: 11514: 11513: 11511: 11509:First journey 11507: 11503: 11495: 11490: 11488: 11483: 11481: 11476: 11475: 11472: 11459: 11455: 11452: 11448: 11446: 11442: 11440: 11436: 11432: 11430: 11426: 11425: 11422: 11412: 11409: 11407: 11404: 11402: 11399: 11398: 11395: 11388: 11384: 11366: 11363: 11361: 11358: 11356: 11353: 11351: 11348: 11346: 11343: 11341: 11338: 11336: 11333: 11331: 11328: 11326: 11323: 11322: 11320: 11318: 11314: 11308: 11305: 11303: 11300: 11298: 11295: 11293: 11290: 11288: 11285: 11283: 11280: 11278: 11277:Palaestina II 11275: 11273: 11270: 11268: 11265: 11263: 11260: 11258: 11255: 11253: 11250: 11248: 11245: 11243: 11240: 11238: 11235: 11233: 11230: 11229: 11227: 11225: 11221: 11215: 11212: 11210: 11207: 11205: 11202: 11200: 11197: 11195: 11192: 11190: 11187: 11185: 11184:Cappadocia II 11182: 11180: 11177: 11175: 11172: 11170: 11167: 11165: 11162: 11160: 11157: 11155: 11154:Armenia Maior 11152: 11150: 11147: 11145: 11142: 11141: 11139: 11137: 11133: 11127: 11124: 11122: 11119: 11117: 11114: 11112: 11109: 11107: 11104: 11102: 11099: 11097: 11094: 11092: 11089: 11087: 11084: 11082: 11079: 11077: 11074: 11073: 11071: 11069: 11065: 11059: 11056: 11054: 11051: 11049: 11046: 11044: 11041: 11039: 11036: 11034: 11031: 11030: 11028: 11026: 11022: 11019: 11017: 11011: 11001: 10998: 10996: 10993: 10991: 10988: 10986: 10983: 10981: 10978: 10976: 10973: 10971: 10968: 10967: 10965: 10963: 10959: 10953: 10950: 10948: 10945: 10943: 10940: 10938: 10935: 10933: 10930: 10929: 10927: 10925: 10921: 10915: 10912: 10910: 10907: 10905: 10902: 10900: 10897: 10895: 10892: 10890: 10887: 10885: 10882: 10881: 10879: 10877: 10873: 10870: 10868: 10862: 10858: 10853: 10848: 10844: 10826: 10823: 10821: 10818: 10816: 10813: 10811: 10808: 10806: 10803: 10801: 10798: 10797: 10795: 10793: 10789: 10783: 10780: 10778: 10775: 10773: 10770: 10768: 10764: 10761: 10759: 10756: 10754: 10753:Alpes Cottiae 10751: 10750: 10748: 10746: 10742: 10736: 10733: 10731: 10728: 10726: 10723: 10721: 10718: 10716: 10713: 10711: 10708: 10706: 10703: 10701: 10698: 10696: 10693: 10691: 10688: 10687: 10685: 10683: 10679: 10676: 10674: 10668: 10658: 10655: 10653: 10650: 10648: 10645: 10643: 10640: 10638: 10635: 10634: 10632: 10630: 10626: 10620: 10619:Tarraconensis 10617: 10615: 10612: 10610: 10607: 10605: 10602: 10600: 10597: 10595: 10592: 10590: 10587: 10586: 10584: 10582: 10578: 10572: 10569: 10567: 10564: 10562: 10559: 10557: 10556:Narbonensis I 10554: 10552: 10551:Aquitanica II 10549: 10547: 10544: 10542: 10539: 10538: 10536: 10534: 10530: 10524: 10521: 10519: 10516: 10514: 10511: 10509: 10506: 10504: 10503:Lugdunensis I 10501: 10499: 10496: 10494: 10491: 10489: 10486: 10484: 10481: 10479: 10476: 10475: 10473: 10471: 10467: 10464: 10462: 10456: 10452: 10447: 10442: 10438: 10429: 10425: 10421: 10417: 10413: 10412:Constantine I 10409: 10401: 10397: 10393: 10392: 10385: 10378: 10374: 10369: 10362: 10357: 10355: 10350: 10348: 10343: 10342: 10339: 10328: 10322: 10317: 10307: 10304: 10302: 10299: 10297: 10294: 10292: 10289: 10287: 10284: 10282: 10279: 10277: 10274: 10272: 10269: 10267: 10264: 10262: 10259: 10257: 10254: 10252: 10249: 10247: 10244: 10242: 10239: 10237: 10234: 10232: 10231: 10227: 10225: 10222: 10220: 10217: 10215: 10212: 10210: 10207: 10205: 10202: 10200: 10197: 10195: 10192: 10190: 10187: 10185: 10182: 10180: 10177: 10175: 10172: 10170: 10167: 10165: 10162: 10160: 10157: 10155: 10152: 10150: 10147: 10145: 10142: 10140: 10137: 10135: 10132: 10130: 10127: 10125: 10122: 10120: 10117: 10115: 10112: 10110: 10107: 10105: 10102: 10100: 10097: 10095: 10094:Alpes Cottiae 10092: 10090: 10087: 10085: 10082: 10080: 10077: 10076: 10073: 10069: 10059: 10054: 10052: 10047: 10045: 10040: 10039: 10036: 10024: 10021: 10019: 10016: 10014: 10011: 10009: 10006: 10004: 10001: 9999: 9996: 9994: 9991: 9989: 9986: 9984: 9981: 9979: 9976: 9974: 9971: 9969: 9966: 9964: 9961: 9959: 9956: 9954: 9951: 9949: 9946: 9944: 9941: 9939: 9936: 9934: 9931: 9930: 9927: 9923: 9915: 9910: 9908: 9903: 9901: 9896: 9895: 9892: 9784: 9780: 9773: 9768: 9766: 9761: 9759: 9754: 9753: 9750: 9744: 9741: 9739: 9736: 9734: 9731: 9729: 9726: 9724: 9721: 9719: 9715: 9712: 9709: 9707: 9704: 9703: 9694: 9690: 9686: 9685:3-8316-0538-6 9682: 9678: 9677: 9672: 9669: 9668: 9663: 9660: 9657: 9654: 9650: 9646: 9644: 9639: 9636: 9632: 9628: 9624: 9623: 9605: 9601: 9597: 9596: 9591: 9586: 9574: 9570: 9566: 9562: 9557: 9546: 9542: 9538: 9537:Gorgias Press 9534: 9530: 9526: 9522: 9521: 9516: 9511: 9507: 9503: 9499: 9495: 9494: 9488: 9484: 9478: 9474: 9470: 9469:United States 9466: 9465:New York City 9462: 9458: 9454: 9453: 9448: 9444: 9440: 9437:; Otten, H.; 9436: 9432: 9428: 9427:Hawkins, J.D. 9424: 9420: 9419:United States 9416: 9415:Locust Valley 9412: 9407: 9403: 9397: 9393: 9389: 9385: 9381: 9377: 9376:Bryce, Trevor 9373: 9372: 9359: 9354: 9352: 9343: 9337: 9333: 9329: 9323: 9316: 9315:1-4039-6421-1 9312: 9308: 9302: 9286: 9280: 9264: 9260: 9254: 9246: 9242: 9236: 9220: 9214: 9198: 9194: 9188: 9172: 9168: 9162: 9146: 9142: 9136: 9128: 9124: 9118: 9102: 9098: 9092: 9076: 9072: 9066: 9050: 9046: 9040: 9024: 9020: 9014: 8998: 8994: 8988: 8980: 8974: 8958: 8954: 8948: 8941: 8928: 8924: 8918: 8911: 8907: 8903: 8902: 8895: 8879: 8875: 8869: 8862: 8858: 8855: 8849: 8841: 8835: 8819: 8815: 8809: 8793: 8789: 8783: 8767: 8763: 8757: 8741: 8737: 8731: 8715: 8711: 8705: 8690: 8686: 8680: 8673: 8668: 8662:, p. 28. 8661: 8656: 8654: 8652: 8650: 8642: 8637: 8635: 8633: 8631: 8622: 8616: 8612: 8605: 8598: 8593: 8591: 8582: 8580:0-7607-4134-4 8576: 8572: 8567: 8566: 8557: 8551: 8547: 8543: 8539: 8533: 8527: 8526:0-521-08691-4 8523: 8519: 8515: 8512: 8508: 8502: 8500: 8498: 8491: 8487: 8483: 8479: 8476: 8472: 8466: 8460: 8456: 8452: 8448: 8445: 8444:pages 211-224 8441: 8435: 8429: 8428:0-521-08691-4 8425: 8421: 8417: 8414: 8410: 8404: 8402: 8385: 8379: 8364:on 9 May 2019 8363: 8359: 8353: 8337: 8331: 8324: 8318: 8299: 8293: 8291: 8289: 8273: 8269: 8262: 8254: 8252:0-88738-823-X 8248: 8244: 8240: 8239: 8231: 8215: 8209: 8207: 8199: 8195: 8189: 8181: 8174: 8158: 8152: 8144: 8138: 8134: 8133: 8125: 8117: 8111: 8107: 8100: 8091: 8083: 8077: 8073: 8066: 8057: 8050: 8044: 8036: 8034:0-88402-163-7 8030: 8026: 8019: 8011: 8007: 8003: 7999: 7995: 7991: 7987: 7983: 7979: 7975: 7971: 7964: 7958:, ii. 869–908 7957: 7951: 7943: 7937: 7929: 7923: 7919: 7912: 7896: 7890: 7875: 7874: 7869: 7862: 7854: 7848: 7840: 7838:0-674-51173-5 7834: 7830: 7826: 7825: 7817: 7815: 7807: 7806:0-19-510233-9 7803: 7799: 7794: 7785: 7779: 7775: 7772: 7766: 7758: 7752: 7748: 7743: 7742: 7733: 7726: 7725:Weiskopf 1991 7721: 7719: 7717: 7715: 7713: 7711: 7709: 7707: 7705: 7703: 7701: 7699: 7697: 7695: 7693: 7691: 7689: 7687: 7685: 7683: 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6210: 6206: 6202: 6198: 6194: 6190: 6186: 6176: 6173: 6165: 6155: 6151: 6147: 6141: 6140: 6136: 6131:This section 6129: 6125: 6120: 6119: 6111: 6109: 6105: 6101: 6091: 6082: 6080: 6076: 6072: 6068: 6064: 6060: 6056: 6052: 6048: 6044: 6040: 6036: 6032: 6022: 6020: 6016: 6012: 6008: 6004: 5994: 5992: 5988: 5983: 5981: 5977: 5973: 5969: 5965: 5961: 5960:Hatay Airport 5953: 5949: 5947: 5943: 5939: 5935: 5931: 5927: 5923: 5919: 5915: 5911: 5901: 5892: 5889: 5881: 5871: 5867: 5863: 5857: 5856: 5852: 5847:This section 5845: 5841: 5836: 5835: 5820: 5817: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5801: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5776: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5750: 5743: 5740: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5724: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5698: 5694: 5691: 5688: 5685: 5682: 5681: 5677: 5669: 5665: 5659: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5628: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5608: 5607: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5590: 5586: 5582: 5577: 5574: 5573: 5564: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5543: 5542: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5516: 5509: 5506: 5504: 5501: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5493:İskenderun FK 5491: 5490: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5464: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5442: 5441: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5415: 5411: 5408: 5405: 5402: 5399: 5398: 5394: 5390: 5388: 5384: 5375: 5373: 5369: 5368: 5363: 5361: 5357: 5353: 5352: 5347: 5344: 5343: 5338: 5336: 5332: 5328: 5324: 5320: 5316: 5312: 5311: 5306: 5304: 5300: 5296: 5292: 5291: 5286: 5284: 5280: 5276: 5272: 5268: 5264: 5260: 5256: 5251: 5250: 5245: 5243: 5239: 5235: 5231: 5227: 5223: 5219: 5215: 5214: 5209: 5206: 5201: 5191: 5189: 5184: 5180: 5178: 5174: 5170: 5168: 5164: 5160: 5156: 5152: 5150: 5146: 5142: 5139: 5135: 5133: 5128: 5119: 5117: 5113: 5109: 5107: 5103: 5099: 5095: 5091: 5086: 5084: 5080: 5076: 5072: 5068: 5064: 5060: 5058: 5054: 5052: 5047: 5045: 5041: 5037: 5035: 5031: 5030:-Pompeiopolis 5029: 5023: 5021: 5017: 5013: 5009: 5005: 5003: 4999: 4991: 4985:Ancient sites 4977: 4975: 4971: 4967: 4963: 4959: 4955: 4951: 4947: 4943: 4939: 4935: 4931: 4927: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4901: 4897: 4893: 4884: 4882: 4878: 4874: 4870: 4866: 4862: 4858: 4854: 4850: 4840: 4838: 4834: 4830: 4826: 4822: 4818: 4813: 4811: 4807: 4803: 4799: 4795: 4791: 4787: 4783: 4779: 4775: 4771: 4767: 4763: 4755: 4750: 4741: 4739: 4735: 4731: 4729: 4725: 4724:Samsun-Ceyhan 4721: 4717: 4713: 4709: 4707: 4703: 4701: 4697: 4693: 4689: 4687: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4666: 4664: 4660: 4655: 4653: 4649: 4645: 4641: 4633:Manufacturing 4627: 4624: 4621: 4618: 4615: 4611: 4608: 4605: 4601: 4597: 4594: 4591: 4587: 4583: 4580: 4577: 4573: 4570: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4556: 4555: 4549: 4547: 4543: 4538: 4534: 4530: 4526: 4522: 4518: 4513: 4511: 4495: 4493: 4489: 4485: 4481: 4477: 4473: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4444: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4431: 4428: 4427: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4413: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4394: 4393: 4389: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4376: 4373: 4371: 4368: 4366: 4363: 4360: 4359: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4348: 4345: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4334: 4332: 4329: 4326: 4325: 4321: 4319: 4316: 4314: 4311: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4292: 4291: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4274: 4271: 4269: 4266: 4264: 4261: 4258: 4257: 4253: 4251: 4248: 4246: 4243: 4240: 4237: 4235: 4232: 4230: 4227: 4224: 4223: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4190: 4189: 4185: 4183: 4180: 4178: 4175: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4162: 4159: 4156: 4155: 4152: 4147: 4142: 4137: 4130: 4128: 4125: 4123: 4120: 4117: 4114: 4112: 4109: 4107: 4104: 4101: 4099: 4094: 4089: 4084: 4079: 4076: 4074: 4071: 4069: 4066: 4064: 4062: 4059: 4057: 4054: 4051: 4049: 4047: 4044: 4042: 4041: 4036: 4023: 4018: 4016: 4011: 4009: 4004: 4003: 3997: 3993: 3991: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3959: 3957: 3946: 3942: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3923: 3919: 3915: 3912: 3908: 3907: 3906: 3888: 3884: 3879: 3875: 3871: 3867: 3863: 3859: 3856:(Süveydiye), 3855: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3831: 3827: 3819: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3765: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3748: 3743: 3739: 3735: 3731: 3727: 3723: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3691: 3687: 3679: 3674: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3657: 3653: 3649: 3645: 3642: 3638: 3634: 3630: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3602: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3586: 3583: 3580: 3577: 3574: 3573: 3568: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3554: 3550: 3537: 3527: 3523: 3512: 3511: 3510: 3502: 3498: 3495: 3492: 3490: 3484: 3481: 3472: 3470: 3466: 3461: 3442: 3436: 3424: 3408: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3380: 3368: 3365: 3362: 3361: 3360: 3352: 3343: 3339: 3337: 3333: 3313: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3270: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3249: 3238: 3236: 3232: 3227: 3224: 3220: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3193: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3175: 3174:Bourj Hammoud 3171: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3127: 3123: 3121: 3117: 3112: 3109: 3107: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3076: 3071: 3062: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3047: 3045: 3041: 3040:3500 children 3037: 3033: 3029: 3025: 3021: 3016: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3005:Adana Vilayet 3001: 2997: 2992: 2989: 2985: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2967: 2964: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2952:Aleppo Eyalet 2949: 2942: 2941:Adana Vilayet 2938: 2934: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2906: 2904: 2900: 2897: 2894:, one of the 2893: 2888: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2873: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2843: 2840: 2836: 2831: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2809: 2800: 2791: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2773: 2769: 2759: 2757: 2752: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2720: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2698: 2689: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2600: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2577:First Crusade 2569: 2564: 2558: 2548: 2546: 2542: 2537: 2535: 2534:Nicephorus II 2530: 2528: 2524: 2523: 2518: 2508: 2506: 2501: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2437: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2395:Cilicia Prima 2392: 2388: 2383: 2381: 2380:New Testament 2377: 2373: 2369: 2364: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2333: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2318: 2313: 2308: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2282: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2267:Julius Caesar 2263: 2254: 2250: 2242: 2237: 2233: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2179: 2174: 2170: 2160: 2158: 2153: 2150: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2135: 2133: 2128: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2101: 2099: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2074: 2067: 2063: 2058: 2054: 2051: 362 BC 2045: 2041: 2036: 2032: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2021:Artaxerxes II 2008: 2005: 2003:Today part of 2001: 1985: 1983: 1980: 1979: 1976: 1970: 1967: 1960: 1959: 1956: 1955: 1952: 1949: 1947: 1944: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1917: 1913: 542 BC 1908: 1902: 1898: 1895: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1877: 1874: 1861: 1858: 1855: 1851: 362 BC 1836: 1833: 1830: 1826: 385 BC 1811: 1808: 1807:Syennesis III 1805: 1801: 401 BC 1793: 1789: 1777: 1773: 1769: 480 BC 1761: 1757: 1753: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1740: 1737: 1731: 1728: 1725: 1719: 1716: 1713: 1707: 1704: 1703:Artaxerxes II 1701: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1685: 1684:King of Kings 1681: 1678: 1675: 1669: 1666: 1662: 1659: 1656: 1652: 1646: 1641: 1637: 1630: 1623: 1618: 542 BC 1612: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1596: 1593: 1590: 1587: 1585: 1580: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1551: 1547: 1542: 1539: 542 BC 1533: 1529: 1526: 1516: 1514: 1510: 1505: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1486: 1482: 1476: 1473: 1471: 1466: 1460: 1451: 1450:Ancient Greek 1437: 1434: 1432:Today part of 1430: 1414: 1412: 1409: 1408: 1405: 1399: 1396: 1389: 1388: 1385: 1382: 1375: 1374: 1371: 1370: 1367: 1364: 1362: 1359: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1340: 1336: 542 BC 1331: 1325: 1316: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 585 BC 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1260: 1256: 1253: 1250: 1246: 1239: 1234: 1228: 1213: 1206: 1200: 1195: 1191: 1185: 1180: 1176: 1175: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1156: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1141: 1139: 1135: 1134:vassalization 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1094: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1055:Pyramus River 1052: 1048: 1040: 1036: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1020: 1016: 1014: 1010: 1006: 993: 988: 984: 981: 977: 973: 955: 951: 947: 943: 940: 937: 933: 929: 926: 923: 919: 916: 913: 909: 905: 902: 901: 900: 898: 894: 890: 886: 882: 877: 875: 871: 867: 865: 861: 857: 853: 842: 839: 831: 821: 817: 813: 807: 806: 802: 797:This section 795: 791: 786: 785: 777: 775: 770: 769:Mediterranean 760: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 737: 735: 731: 727: 723: 719: 715: 711: 706: 692: 687: 673: 669: 665: 660: 654: 645: 644:Ancient Greek 641: 640:Plain Cilicia 635:Plain Cilicia 632: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 605: 591: 586: 572: 568: 564: 559: 553: 544: 543:Ancient Greek 540: 539:Rough Cilicia 534:Rough Cilicia 527: 526: 520: 516: 515: 509: 508: 507: 504: 502: 498: 494: 490: 486: 482: 481:Limonlu River 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 450: 449:Nur Mountains 446: 442: 441:Mediterranean 432: 423: 419: 414: 408: 397: 380: 378: 374: 370: 366: 362: 358: 354: 350: 346: 340: 310: 302: 298: 294: 290: 287: 283: 279: 275: 271: 269: 268:GRP (nominal) 265: 261: 259: 255: 249: 245: 241: 237: 234: 232: 228: 220: 218: 214: 210: 206: 202: 198: 193: 189: 185: 180: 177: 173: 169: 165: 162: 160: 158: 154: 151: 148: 144: 141: 138: 136: 132: 127: 99:Coordinates: 97: 93: 87: 82: 75: 70: 43: 37: 33: 19: 12099:Central Asia 11995: 11933: 11926: 11917: 11910: 11672:Thessalonica 11600: 11500:Journeys of 11411:Spania (552) 11272:Palaestina I 11252:Euphratensis 11199:Helenopontus 11179:Cappadocia I 11086:Hellespontus 10985:Epirus Vetus 10952:Praevalitana 10867:of Illyricum 10657:Valentia (?) 10642:Britannia II 10546:Aquitanica I 10424:theme system 10389: 10228: 9952: 9675: 9665: 9658: 9641: 9626: 9607:. Retrieved 9593: 9577:. Retrieved 9575:(3): 122–123 9572: 9568: 9564: 9548:. Retrieved 9524: 9518: 9492: 9456: 9450: 9443:v. Soden, W. 9435:Moortgat, A. 9410: 9379: 9331: 9328:Bryce, James 9322: 9306: 9301: 9289:. Retrieved 9279: 9267:. Retrieved 9263:the original 9253: 9245:the original 9235: 9223:. Retrieved 9213: 9201:. Retrieved 9197:the original 9187: 9175:. Retrieved 9171:the original 9161: 9149:. Retrieved 9145:the original 9135: 9127:the original 9117: 9105:. Retrieved 9101:the original 9091: 9079:. Retrieved 9075:the original 9065: 9053:. Retrieved 9049:the original 9039: 9027:. Retrieved 9023:the original 9013: 9001:. Retrieved 8997:the original 8987: 8973: 8961:. Retrieved 8957:the original 8947: 8938: 8931:. Retrieved 8927:the original 8917: 8909: 8899: 8894: 8882:. Retrieved 8878:the original 8868: 8848: 8834: 8822:. Retrieved 8818:the original 8808: 8796:. Retrieved 8792:the original 8782: 8770:. Retrieved 8766:the original 8756: 8744:. 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Retrieved 7451:the original 7442: 7429: 7410: 7404: 7395: 7389: 7370: 7352: 7343: 7335: 7330: 7321: 7315: 7298: 7289: 7272: 7263: 7246: 7237: 7227: 7222: 7209: 7201: 7178: 7173: 7158: 7153: 7127: 7122: 7114: 7109: 7102:Grayson 1975 7097: 7086: 7016: 7001: 6996: 6977: 6972: 6917: 6897: 6877: 6857: 6837: 6810:. Retrieved 6806:the original 6799: 6785:. Retrieved 6779: 6770: 6758:. Retrieved 6754:the original 6747: 6725:19 September 6723:. Retrieved 6677: 6657: 6652: 6637: 17 BC 6364:*Zuwannissas 6313:*Zuwannissas 6281:*Zuwannissas 6239: 6237: 6212: 6204: 6188: 6183: 6168: 6159: 6144:Please help 6132: 6097: 6088: 6028: 6000: 5984: 5958: 5907: 5899: 5884: 5875: 5860:Please help 5848: 5675: 5576:Osmaniyespor 5544:01 Adana FK 5534:Mersin Arena 5392: 5381: 5365: 5364: 5349: 5348: 5340: 5339: 5308: 5307: 5288: 5287: 5247: 5246: 5211: 5210: 5207: 5203: 5182: 5181: 5172: 5171: 5159:Ceyhan River 5153: 5144: 5143: 5137: 5136: 5125: 5111: 5110: 5098:Pope Paul VI 5089: 5087: 5063:Şar (Comona) 5062: 5061: 5049: 5048: 5039: 5038: 5026: 5024: 5007: 5006: 4997: 4996: 4966:Christianity 4950:Christianity 4948:) is one of 4934:Jesus Christ 4928: 4912:Christianity 4905: 4865:Ceyhan River 4846: 4819:(Namrun) in 4814: 4759: 4732: 4711: 4710: 4705: 4704: 4691: 4690: 4672: 4656: 4636: 4514: 4506: 4469: 3972: 3968: 3965: 3962:Demographics 3938: 3904: 3728:(Karsantı), 3546: 3508: 3499: 3496: 3493: 3485: 3482: 3478: 3462: 3435:*zuwannissas 3419: 3386: 3377: 3358: 3349: 3340: 3329: 3301: 3289: 3281: 3271: 3263:Trevor Bryce 3244: 3228: 3199: 3190:Buenos Aires 3156: 3132: 3113: 3110: 3105: 3093: 3080: 3058: 3048: 3017: 2993: 2986: 2980:independent 2977: 2956:Adana Eyalet 2946: 2912: 2889: 2870: 2867:buffer state 2844: 2832: 2805: 2776:Roman Church 2772:Gosdantin IV 2765: 2753: 2751:in Cilicia. 2748: 2726: 2703: 2670:Mount Taurus 2644: 2601: 2574: 2544: 2539:In medieval 2538: 2531: 2520: 2514: 2502: 2490:Citidiopolis 2457: 2411:Pompeiopolis 2394: 2387:Book of Acts 2384: 2367: 2365: 2361:Christianity 2349:Roman Empire 2331: 2315: 2309: 2303:𐭪𐭫𐭪𐭩𐭠𐭩 2283: 2264: 2258:𐭊𐭉𐭋𐭊𐭉𐭀 2246: 2209: 2208:of Cilicia. 2185: 2184: 2154: 2151: 2136: 2129: 2107: 2095: 2037: 2033: 2018: 1951:Succeeded by 1950: 1945: 1774:Syennesis II 1591: 1588: 1581: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1543: 1522: 1506: 1487: 1477: 1474: 1447: 1366:Succeeded by 1365: 1360: 1172: 1142: 1130:Sunassura II 1095: 1044: 1034: 1028:Tell Atchana 1002: 972:Chalcolithic 969: 928:Berdan River 918:Ceyhan River 904:Seyhan River 878: 868: 852:conglomerate 849: 834: 825: 810:Please help 798: 766: 749:Ceyhan River 741:Berdan River 738: 721: 718:Ten Thousand 639: 638: 538: 537: 505: 484: 468: 438: 422:Vulgar Latin 409: 386: 308: 307: 258:Area code(s) 161: 146:Largest city 92:Roman Empire 36: 12476:New Zealand 12395:Afghanistan 12326:Middle East 12311:Switzerland 12174:Los Angeles 11978:Nakhichevan 11458:Justinian I 11330:Aegyptus II 11262:Mesopotamia 11209:Paphlagonia 11038:Haemimontus 11016:of the East 10980:Epirus Nova 10904:Pannonia II 10637:Britannia I 10498:Germania II 10329:'s reforms. 10261:Mesopotamia 10003:Paphlagonia 9502:Netherlands 9269:21 February 9203:21 February 9177:21 February 9151:21 February 9107:21 February 9081:21 February 9055:21 February 9029:21 February 9003:21 February 8963:21 February 8933:21 February 8884:21 February 8824:21 February 8798:21 February 8772:21 February 8746:21 February 8689:tuik.gov.tr 7879:21 February 7215:Side (Σίδη) 6528: 340s 6459:Old Persian 6422: 390s 6231:during the 6197:Adramyttium 5579: [ 5561: [ 5108:each year. 4958:12 apostles 4812:residents. 4728:Blue Stream 4542:aquaculture 4503:Agriculture 3941:fire altars 3922:winged disk 3909:an Aramaic 3587:Population 3526:Tarḫuwarris 3505:Hellenistic 3395:) found in 3152:Cilicia War 3086:World War I 3032:countercoup 2816:Sarvandikar 2786:-supported 2737:Black Death 2640:Sarvandikar 2624:T‛il Hamtun 2422: [ 2374:and author 2222:Mithridates 2157:Hellenistic 2155:During the 2139:Hellenistic 2113:Halys River 2111:forded the 2031:in 333 BC. 1946:Preceded by 1869: 340s 1819: 390s 1577:Artaphernes 1361:Preceded by 1291:Syennesis I 1145:Sea Peoples 1118:Shaushtatar 1075:Pariyawatri 1047:Hattusili I 954:Göksu Delta 121: / 12491:Categories 12400:Bangladesh 12029:Azerbaijan 11963:Azerbaijan 11919:historical 11660:Amphipolis 11642:Samothrace 11435:reconquest 11325:Aegyptus I 11287:Phoenice I 11242:Cilicia II 11149:Armenia II 10899:Pannonia I 10571:Viennensis 10493:Germania I 10488:Belgica II 10428:Asia Minor 10400:Diocletian 10327:Diocletian 10139:Cappadocia 9943:Cappadocia 8641:Simon 2019 8597:Bryce 2009 8390:29 January 8368:29 January 7954:Le Quien, 7901:20 January 7637:Bryce 2009 7625:Bryce 2009 7613:Bryce 2009 7319:Xenophon, 6965:Bryce 2009 6760:16 October 6696:References 6630: 30s 6584: 40s 6477: 385 6409:Kamissarēs 6398:Καμισσαρης 6337:Ξειναγορας 6233:Trojan War 6071:İskenderun 6047:İskenderun 5701:Mersin BŞB 5303:İskenderun 5242:Yumurtalık 5198:See also: 5116:St. Simeon 5071:Tufanbeyli 4960:of Jesus. 4952:'s oldest 4817:Çamlıyayla 4810:İskenderun 4802:Yumurtalık 4652:İskenderun 4546:Yumurtalık 4529:Yumurtalık 4488:İskenderun 4297:İskenderun 3882:1,670,712 3838:İskenderun 3792:Hasanbeyli 3780:Toprakkale 3746:2,263,373 3742:Tufanbeyli 3740:(Hadjin), 3714:Yumurtalık 3660:1,891,145 3654:(Namrun), 3652:Çamlıyayla 3581:Area (km) 3475:Achaemenid 3444:, meaning 3401:İskenderun 3294:Mopsuestia 3231:Wealth Tax 3065:Modern era 3028:revolution 3024:Abdulhamid 2994:After the 2872:al-'Awasim 2612:Mopsuestia 2561:See also: 2486:Alexandria 2474:Irenopolis 2317:consularis 2092:, Cilicia. 2068:, Cilicia. 1844: 385 1739:Darius III 1664:Government 1259:Demonym(s) 1153:Cappadocia 1126:Kizzuwatna 1102:Zidanta II 1032:Kizzuwatna 1005:Kizzuwatna 999:Bronze Age 677:𒆳𒋡𒀀𒌑𒂊 621:Calycadnus 595:𒆳𒉿𒊑𒅔𒁺 217:Demonym(s) 195:Population 109:35°07′12″E 106:36°59′06″N 12471:Australia 12439:Singapore 12415:Indonesia 12148:Argentina 12115:Circassia 12087:Lithuania 11858:Jerusalem 11846:Ptolemais 11779:Macedonia 11773:Cenchreae 11761:Macedonia 11720:Jerusalem 11696:Cenchreae 11666:Apollonia 11237:Cilicia I 11189:Galatia I 11144:Armenia I 11111:Pamphylia 11043:Moesia II 11000:Thessalia 10777:Raetia II 10609:Lusitania 10604:Gallaecia 10594:Balearica 10483:Belgica I 10246:Macedonia 10134:Britannia 9998:Pamphylia 9590:"Cilicia" 9539:: 13–40. 9392:Routledge 9221:. Radikal 8342:2 October 8108:. Brill. 8010:162340890 7994:0009-6407 7936:cite book 7847:cite book 7505:0006-7997 6796:"Cilicia" 6776:"Cilicia" 6601:romanized 6555:romanized 6515:*Mazdāyah 6503:romanized 6448:romanized 6403:romanized 6390:Camisares 6246:Aeschylus 6244:(v 353), 6221:Lyrnessus 6213:Geography 6133:does not 6043:Şanlıurfa 6019:Famagusta 5849:does not 5727:Hatay BŞB 5484:(33,543) 5467:Adanaspor 5454:Süper Lig 5444:Hatayspor 5435:(33,543) 5428:Süper Lig 5234:Karaisalı 5194:Education 5083:Byzantine 5051:Anazarbus 5002:Rubeniyan 4778:Gaziantep 4620:Limestone 4604:Saimbeyli 4576:Aladağlar 4170:1,064,750 4115:1,797,136 4052:Province 3874:Yayladağı 3738:Saimbeyli 3736:(Vahka), 3706:Karaisalı 3641:Yenişehir 3575:Province 3517:Ταρκυαρις 3469:Kastabala 3429:Συέννεσις 3423:Suennesis 3393:Armenians 3326:Ethnicity 3274:eponymous 3182:Argentina 3059:Zeituntsi 2913:In 1516, 2790:in 1375. 2784:Ramadanid 2733:Abu Sa'id 2729:Ilkhanate 2682:Lusignans 2650:Crusaders 2646:Gosdantin 2620:Trapessac 2482:Castabala 2470:Epiphania 2462:Anazarbus 2454:Zephyrium 2397:, with a 2312:Tetrarchy 2279:proconsul 2275:Vespasian 2241:Anazarbus 2147:Seleucids 2143:Ptolemaic 2109:Alexander 2040:Camisares 1871:- 333 BC 1832:Camisares 1569:Mardonius 1504:empires. 1490:Herodotus 1459:romanized 1263:Cilicians 1138:Mursili I 1079:cuneiform 1073:, son of 1071:Išputahšu 1051:Mursili I 992:Naram-Sin 966:Neolithic 874:Karaisalı 799:does not 653:romanized 625:Phoenicia 552:romanized 445:Pamphylia 435:Geography 285:Languages 231:Time zone 203:6,435,986 157:Provinces 12522:Anatolia 12455:Ethiopia 12434:Pakistan 12421:Surabaya 12253:Hayhurum 12222:Bulgaria 12141:Americas 12056:Abkhazia 12022:Caucasus 11852:Caesarea 11798:Mytilene 11714:Caesarea 11654:Philippi 11648:Neapolis 11523:Seleucia 11204:Honorias 11174:Bithynia 10947:Moesia I 10942:Dardania 10884:Dalmatia 10805:Byzacena 10772:Raetia I 10720:Sardinia 10695:Campania 10673:of Italy 10396:dioceses 10169:Dalmatia 10084:Aegyptus 10067:(117 AD) 9978:Lycaonia 9938:Bithynia 9922:Anatolia 9714:Archived 9449:(eds.). 9378:(2009). 9330:(2008). 9225:31 March 8910:Warning: 8857:Archived 8542:page 456 8514:Archived 8511:page 364 8478:Archived 8475:page 216 8447:Archived 8416:Archived 8413:page 680 8338:. Zum.de 8307:12 March 8220:12 March 8163:12 March 7774:Archived 7322:Anabasis 7135:Archived 7132:page 422 6982:page 112 6662:Armenian 6464:*Dātamah 6229:Achilles 6162:May 2021 5991:Hürriyet 5964:Istanbul 5946:Osmaniye 5914:Istanbul 5878:May 2021 5695:Founded 5536:(25000) 5508:5 Temmuz 5412:Founded 5383:Football 5319:Osmaniye 5275:Aydıncık 5163:Osmaniye 5075:Hittites 5016:furrings 4954:churches 4857:Reyhanlı 4853:Kırıkhan 4696:Istanbul 4669:Commerce 4610:Asbestos 4525:Samandağ 4523:region. 4449:Altınözü 4352:Osmaniye 4288:105,309 4279:Reyhanlı 4268:Osmaniye 4263:Osmaniye 4254:119,854 4245:Kırıkhan 4220:123,999 4211:Samandağ 4186:126,941 4182:Osmaniye 4131:127,849 4068:Province 3896:Religion 3878:Altınözü 3866:Reyhanlı 3854:Samandağ 3850:Kırıkhan 3800:553,012 3788:Osmaniye 3764:Osmaniye 3759:Osmaniye 3722:İmamoğlu 3716:(Ayas), 3690:Çukurova 3644:Toroslar 3617:Aydıncık 3557:Osmaniye 3487:and 140 3441:zuwannis 3310:Anatolia 3210:muhacirs 3158:Maronite 2988:Alawites 2978:de facto 2968:invaded 2948:Ottomans 2847:Anatolia 2839:alliance 2762:Collapse 2723:Turkmens 2705:Hetoum I 2666:Levon II 2662:Thoros I 2632:Selefkia 2376:St. Paul 2368:Cilicium 2345:Thraciae 2294:Valerian 2290:Shapur I 2286:Sasanian 2253:Parthian 2200:(modern 2121:Xenophon 2076:Coin of 2060:Coin of 1677:Monarchy 1584:Xerxes I 1565:Darius I 1550:Aspendus 1532:Cyrus II 1159:Iron Age 1091:Akkadian 1087:Telipinu 1067:Hurrians 828:May 2021 722:euthemia 714:Xenophon 696:𒆳𒄷𒈨𒂊 617:Venetian 576:𒆳𒄭𒋃𒆪 403:𒆳𒄭𒋃𒆪 373:Osmaniye 361:Çukurova 345:Anatolia 301:Armenian 297:Kurmanji 172:Osmaniye 12502:Cilicia 12464:Oceania 12429:Myanmar 12364:Lebanon 12291:Romania 12261:Hungary 12242:Germany 12217:Belgium 12212:Austria 12196:Uruguay 12123:Ukraine 12104:Moldova 12094:Belarus 12063:Tbilisi 12050:Georgia 11996:Cilicia 11973:Javakhk 11816:Miletus 11781:(again) 11767:Corinth 11755:Ephesus 11749:Phrygia 11743:Galatia 11726:Antioch 11702:Ephesus 11690:Corinth 11625:Galatia 11619:Phrygia 11601:Cilicia 11583:Antioch 11577:Attalea 11559:Iconium 11535:Salamis 11517:Antioch 11401:Taurica 11335:Arcadia 11297:Syria I 11267:Osroene 11257:Isauria 11116:Pisidia 11091:Islands 11058:Thracia 11053:Scythia 11048:Rhodope 10767:Aemilia 10763:Liguria 10735:Valeria 10725:Sicilia 10715:Samnium 10700:Corsica 10589:Baetica 10461:of Gaul 10416:Ravenna 10381:History 10306:Thracia 10296:Sicilia 10276:Noricum 10179:Galatia 10144:Cilicia 10124:Assyria 10114:Armenia 10013:Pisidia 10008:Phrygia 9973:Isauria 9963:Galatia 9953:Cilicia 9723:Cilicia 9609:26 June 9579:26 June 9571:]. 9550:26 June 9368:Sources 9291:25 July 8874:"Hatay" 8550:7105620 8277:4 March 8196:, eds. 8002:3162702 7513:4171539 7460:19 July 7167:6561573 7083:Cilicia 7076:: 6787:6 April 6686:Kilikya 6682:Turkish 6678:Kilikía 6674:Κιλικία 6666:Կիլիկիա 6658:Kilikia 6625: 6603:: 6579: 6557:: 6523: 6509:Mazaios 6505:: 6498:Μαζαιος 6490:Mazaeus 6472: 6454:Datamēs 6450:: 6443:Δαταμης 6435:Datames 6417: 6405:: 6384:Satraps 6372: 6344: 6321: 6289: 6225:Chryses 6189:Cilicia 6154:removed 6139:sources 6094:Society 6085:Railway 6075:Antakya 6067:Karataş 6039:Erdemli 6031:O50–O59 6013:. From 6007:Kyrenia 5972:Nicosia 5930:Trabzon 5926:Antalya 5870:removed 5855:sources 5796:(1750) 5770:(2000) 5744:(2500) 5718:(1750) 5689:League 5567:(6000) 5510:(8217) 5406:League 5323:Kadirli 5299:Antakya 5267:Erdemli 5263:Silifke 5238:Pozantı 5222:Karataş 5188:Antakya 5177:Dörtyol 5167:Hittite 5106:29 June 5094:Antakya 5069:, near 5012:grabens 4962:Antioch 4946:Antioch 4942:Antakya 4930:Antakya 4908:Judaism 4900:Antakya 4881:Antakya 4861:Syrians 4806:Antakya 4798:Karataş 4794:Karataş 4782:Silifke 4774:Kayseri 4766:Erdemli 4744:Tourism 4734:Dörtyol 4682:Antakya 4537:Bozyazı 4533:Karataş 4466:Economy 4458:60,861 4442:127,989 4433:Dörtyol 4424:62,803 4408:132,320 4390:66,828 4374:147,512 4365:Erdemli 4356:85,118 4340:159,955 4322:99,480 4306:250,976 4272:279,992 4238:347,314 4204:555,833 4195:Antakya 4177:Kadirli 4141:Antakya 4122:Silifke 3901:Ancient 3858:Antakya 3830:Dörtyol 3818:Antakya 3776:Kadirli 3732:(Sis), 3710:Karataş 3702:Pozantı 3698:Sarıçam 3694:Yüreğir 3682:14,030 3648:Akdeniz 3637:Mezitli 3633:Erdemli 3629:Silifke 3613:Bozyazı 3605:15,853 3532:Τευκρος 3520:, from 3489:talents 3449: 3416:Ancient 3332:Luwians 3321:Ancient 3302:Cilices 3254:Κιλικες 3248:Kilikes 3235:Sabancı 3223:Darende 3219:Kayseri 3170:Lebanon 3162:Lebanon 3044:Vilayet 2943:in 1892 2915:Selim I 2896:Turkmen 2859:Ottoman 2768:Levon V 2756:Yüreğir 2717:Mamluks 2709:Mongols 2692:Mongols 2658:marquis 2654:Antioch 2628:Harunia 2608:Koŕikos 2522:thughur 2478:Flavias 2442:Corycus 2419:Augusta 2415:Sebaste 2341:Pontica 2305:‎ 2260:‎ 2230:Phrygia 2190:pirates 2132:Arsames 2117:Phrygia 2098:Mazaeus 2086:Pharaoh 2080:, with 2078:Mazaios 2062:Mazaios 2044:Datames 1876:Mazaeus 1864:• 1857:Datames 1839:• 1814:• 1796:• 1780:• 1764:• 1654:Capital 1620:–333 BC 1606:of the 1604:Satrapy 1546:satraps 1525:Persian 1513:Croesus 1509:Lycians 1481:Kilikia 1465:Kilikia 1461:: 1454:Κιλικια 1384:Ḫilakku 1300:History 1281:• 1248:Capital 1227:Kilikia 1221:Κιλικια 1216:Cilicia 1205:Pirindu 1199:Ḫilakku 1169:Ḫilakku 1122:Mitanni 1114:Niqmepa 1110:Alalakh 1098:Pilliya 1039:131447 1024:Alalakh 1009:Hittite 961:History 950:Silifke 870:Akyatan 820:removed 805:sources 780:Geology 763:Climate 734:Solomon 655:: 613:Genoese 609:pirates 604:Pirindu 585:Ḫilakku 554:: 514:Ḫilakku 497:Salamis 447:to the 413:Cilicia 396:Ḫilakku 390:Κιλικία 357:Turkish 309:Cilicia 289:Turkish 135:Country 69:Kilikya 63:Κιλικία 57:Կիլիկիա 51:قيليقية 46:Cilicia 32:Silesia 12507:546 BC 12448:Africa 12359:Kuwait 12354:Jordan 12349:Israel 12306:Sweden 12296:Serbia 12286:Poland 12247:Greece 12237:France 12227:Cyprus 12205:Europe 12188:Boston 12163:Mexico 12158:Canada 12153:Brazil 12129:Crimea 12109:Russia 11983:Turkey 11834:Patara 11828:Rhodes 11684:Athens 11678:Beroea 11613:Lystra 11571:Lystra 11541:Paphos 11529:Cyprus 11453:in 536 11247:Cyprus 11232:Arabia 11033:Europa 10970:Achaea 10420:Africa 10291:Raetia 10236:Iudaea 10230:Italia 10174:Epirus 10159:Cyprus 10079:Achaia 10018:Pontus 9933:Aeolis 9691: 9683: 9651: 9633: 9498:Leiden 9479: 9398: 9384:London 9338: 9313: 8720:1 June 8617: 8577: 8548: 8524: 8488: 8457: 8426: 8249: 8139: 8112: 8078: 8031: 8008: 8000: 7992: 7924: 7835: 7804: 7753: 7749:–155. 7563: 7536: 7511: 7503: 7417: 7377: 7185: 7165: 7145: 7070: 7010:189385 7008: 6990:353134 6988: 6812:25 May 6612:Luwian 6566:Luwian 6359:Luwian 6308:Luwian 6276:Luwian 6254:Typhon 6209:Strabo 6108:Zeitun 6104:Hadjin 6079:Aleppo 6015:Mersin 6003:Taşucu 5968:Ankara 5938:Mersin 5918:Ankara 5686:Sport 5403:Sport 5378:Sports 5372:Mersin 5360:Tarsus 5331:Düziçi 5281:, and 5279:Gülnar 5271:Anamur 5259:Tarsus 5255:Mersin 5226:Ceyhan 5053:Castle 5044:Ceyhan 5034:Mersin 5020:Typhon 4869:Düziçi 4829:Zorkun 4790:Mersin 4786:Mersin 4770:Anamur 4738:Batman 4678:Mersin 4663:Ceyhan 4648:Ceyhan 4640:Tarsus 4626:Pumice 4586:Mersin 4582:Baryte 4572:Chrome 4552:Mining 4510:Anamur 4492:Ceyhan 4484:Mersin 4480:Ceyhan 4472:Tarsus 4420:Mersin 4386:Mersin 4381:Anamur 4370:Mersin 4347:Düziçi 4331:Ceyhan 4234:Mersin 4229:Tarsus 4166:Mersin 4161:Mersin 4151:Tarsus 4127:Mersin 4098:Mersin 4000: 3956:Kartir 3933:Mithra 3929:Nergal 3822:5,524 3784:Düziçi 3772:Sumbas 3768:3,767 3726:Aladağ 3718:Ceyhan 3686:Seyhan 3656:Tarsus 3621:Gülnar 3609:Anamur 3601:Mersin 3596:Mersin 3565:Ankara 3549:Mersin 3543:Modern 3522:Luwian 3405:Mersin 3403:, and 3383:Modern 3286:Mopsus 3241:Legacy 3178:Beirut 2927:sanjak 2921:. The 2863:Mamluk 2808:Tarsus 2780:Latins 2741:Camili 2713:Sempad 2638:, and 2636:Amouda 2616:Bagras 2610:, and 2583:. 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