729:
1573:" is the philosophy that citizens should work towards the betterment of their community through economic participation, public, volunteer work, and other such efforts to improve life for all citizens. In this vein, citizenship education is taught in schools, as an academic subject in some countries. By the time children reach secondary education there is an emphasis on such unconventional subjects to be included in an academic curriculum. While the diagram on citizenship to the right is rather facile and depthless, it is simplified to explain the general model of citizenship that is taught to many secondary school pupils. The idea behind this model within education is to instill in young pupils that their actions (i.e. their
1366:
1207:. According to this viewpoint, citizens are sovereign, morally autonomous beings with duties to pay taxes, obey the law, engage in business transactions, and defend the nation if it comes under attack, but are essentially passive politically, and their primary focus is on economic betterment. This idea began to appear around the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and became stronger over time, according to one view. According to this formulation, the state exists for the benefit of citizens and has an obligation to respect and protect the rights of citizens, including civil rights and political rights. It was later that so-called social rights became part of the obligation for the state.
916:
877:, people transitioned from being subjects of a king or queen to being citizens of a city and later to a nation. Each city had its own law, courts, and independent administration. And being a citizen often meant being subject to the city's law in addition to having power in some instances to help choose officials. City dwellers who had fought alongside nobles in battles to defend their cities were no longer content with having a subordinate social status but demanded a greater role in the form of citizenship. Membership in
1256:. Another is a question about what is the proper balance between political citizenship versus social citizenship. Some thinkers see benefits with people being absent from public affairs, since too much participation such as revolution can be destructive, yet too little participation such as total apathy can be problematic as well. Citizenship can be seen as a special elite status, and it can also be seen as a democratizing force and something that everybody has; the concept can include both senses. According to
782:, civic participation in government, and notions that "no one citizen should have too much power for too long", but Rome offered relatively generous terms to its captives, including chances for lesser forms of citizenship. If Greek citizenship was an "emancipation from the world of things", the Roman sense increasingly reflected the fact that citizens could act upon material things as well as other citizens, in the sense of buying or selling property, possessions, titles, goods. One historian explained:
1263:, citizenship is based on the extent that a person can control one's own destiny within the group in the sense of being able to influence the government of the group. One last distinction within citizenship is the so-called consent descent distinction, and this issue addresses whether citizenship is a fundamental matter determined by a person choosing to belong to a particular nationââby their consentââor is citizenship a matter of where a person was bornââthat is, by their descent.
4171:
419:
1491:
5525:
509:
4159:
1164:
elements but they vary considerably as well. As a bond, citizenship extends beyond basic kinship ties to unite people of different genetic backgrounds. It usually signifies membership in a political body. It is often based on or was a result of, some form of military service or expectation of future service. It usually involves some form of political participation, but this can vary from token acts to active service in government.
1217:. Citizenship means being active in government affairs. According to one view, most people today live as citizens according to the liberal-individualist conception but wished they lived more according to the civic-republican ideal. An ideal citizen is one who exhibits "good civic behavior". Free citizens and a republic government are "mutually interrelated." Citizenship suggested a commitment to "duty and civic virtue".
778:, citizenship expanded from small-scale communities to the entirety of the empire. Romans realized that granting citizenship to people from all over the empire legitimized Roman rule over conquered areas. Roman citizenship was no longer a status of political agency, as it had been reduced to a judicial safeguard and the expression of rule and law. Rome carried forth Greek ideas of citizenship such as the principles of
760:
had a strong affinity with the polis; their own destiny and the destiny of the community were strongly linked. Also, citizens of the polis saw obligations to the community as an opportunity to be virtuous, it was a source of honor and respect. In Athens, citizens were both rulers and ruled, important political and judicial offices were rotated and all citizens had the right to speak and vote in the political assembly.
4185:
1156:. In this sense, citizenship was described as "a bundle of rights -- primarily, political participation in the life of the community, the right to vote, and the right to receive certain protection from the community, as well as obligations." Citizenship is seen by most scholars as culture-specific, in the sense that the meaning of the term varies considerably from culture to culture, and over time. In
494:
centuries, it was typical for only a certain percentage of people who belonged to the state to be considered as full citizens. In the past, a number of people were excluded from citizenship on the basis of sex, socioeconomic class, ethnicity, religion, and other factors. However, they held a legal relationship with their government akin to the modern concept of nationality.
1076:, the German variant of twentieth-century fascism, classified inhabitants of the country into three main hierarchical categories, each of which would have different rights in relation to the state: citizens, subjects, and aliens. The first category, citizens, were to possess full civic rights and responsibilities. Citizenship was conferred only on males of
1053:, so long as they were "engaged in work and to the working class." It recognized "the equal rights of all citizens, irrespective of their racial or national connections" and declared oppression of any minority group or race "to be contrary to the fundamental laws of the Republic." The 1918 constitution also established the right to vote and be elected to
1192:, and patterns for how a person should behave in society. When there are many different groups within a nation, citizenship may be the only real bond that unites everybody as equals without discriminationâit is a "broad bond" linking "a person with the state" and gives people a universal identity as a legal member of a specific nation.
621:(1992), Article 41, obligates citizens to promote the prestige and good name of Ghana and respect the symbols of Ghana. Examples of national symbols includes the Ghanaian flag, coat of arms, money, and state sword. These national symbols must be treated with respect and high esteem by citizens since they best represent Ghanaians.
885:, according to one account, since independent citizens meant that kings had less power. Citizenship became an idealized, almost abstract, concept, and did not signify a submissive relation with a lord or count, but rather indicated the bond between a person and the state in the rather abstract sense of having
1095:
The second category, subjects, referred to all others who were born within the nation's boundaries who did not fit the racial criteria for citizenship. Subjects would have no voting rights, could not hold any position within the state, and possessed none of the other rights and civic responsibilities
808:
class. A citizen came to be understood as a person "free to act by law, free to ask and expect the law's protection, a citizen of such and such a legal community, of such and such a legal standing in that community". Citizenship meant having rights to have possessions, immunities, expectations, which
759:
famously expressed: "To take no part in the running of the community's affairs is to be either a beast or a god!" This form of citizenship was based on the obligations of citizens towards the community, rather than rights given to the citizens of the community. This was not a problem because they all
603:
faith in order to receive citizenship. The United States grants citizenship to those born as a result of reproductive technologies, and internationally adopted children born after
February 27, 1983. Some exclusions still persist for internationally adopted children born before February 27, 1983, even
1247:
Scholars suggest that the concept of citizenship contains many unresolved issues, sometimes called tensions, existing within the relation, that continue to reflect uncertainty about what citizenship is supposed to mean. Some unresolved issues regarding citizenship include questions about what is the
1026:
that the racial and gender restrictions for naturalization were explicitly abolished. However, the act still contained restrictions regarding who was eligible for US citizenship and retained a national quota system which limited the number of visas given to immigrants based on their national origin,
679:
meant both the political assembly of the city-state as well as the entire society. Citizenship concept has generally been identified as a western phenomenon. There is a general view that citizenship in ancient times was a simpler relation than modern forms of citizenship, although this view has come
717:
It can be argued that this growth of slavery was what made Greeks particularly conscious of the value of freedom. After all, any Greek farmer might fall into debt and therefore might become a slave, at almost any time ... When the Greeks fought together, they fought in order to avoid being enslaved
684:
made reforms in the early
Athenian state. Citizenship was also contingent on a variety of biopolitical assemblages, such as the bioethics of emerging Theo-Philosophical traditions. It was necessary to fit Aristotle's definition of the besouled (the animate) to obtain citizenship: neither the sacred
613:
Every citizen has obligations that are required by law and some responsibilities that benefit the community. Obeying the laws of a country and paying taxes are some of the obligations required of citizens by law. Voting and community services form part of responsibilities of a citizen that benefits
1167:
It generally describes a person with legal rights within a given political order. It almost always has an element of exclusion, meaning that some people are not citizens and that this distinction can sometimes be very important, or not important, depending on a particular society. Citizenship as a
749:
times, in small-scale organic communities of the polis. The obligations of citizenship were deeply connected to one's everyday life in the polis. These small-scale organic communities were generally seen as a new development in world history, in contrast to the established ancient civilizations of
1506:
or otherwise, which permit citizens to participate in the political life of that entity or to enjoy benefits provided by the government of that entity. But in such cases, those eligible are also sometimes seen as "citizens" of the relevant state, province, or region. An example of this is how the
1321:
established certain minimal rights for
European Union citizens. Article 12 of the amended EC Treaty guaranteed a general right of non-discrimination within the scope of the Treaty. Article 18 provided a limited right to free movement and residence in the Member States other than that of which the
1163:
How citizenship is understood depends on the person making the determination. The relation of citizenship has never been fixed or static, but constantly changes within each society. While citizenship has varied considerably throughout history, and within societies over time, there are some common
786:
The person was defined and represented through his actions upon things; in the course of time, the term property came to mean, first, the defining characteristic of a human or other being; second, the relation which a person had with a thing; and third, the thing defined as the possession of some
754:
or Persia, or the hunter-gatherer bands elsewhere. From the viewpoint of the ancient Greeks, a person's public life could not be separated from their private life, and Greeks did not distinguish between the two worlds according to the modern western conception. The obligations of citizenship were
1212:
The civic-republican or sometimes classical or civic humanist conception of citizenship emphasizes man's political nature and sees citizenship as an active process, not a passive state or legal marker. It is relatively more concerned that government will interfere with popular places to practice
1426:
was excluded from the
Commonwealth in 1949 because it declared itself a republic, Ireland is generally treated as if it were still a member. Legislation often specifically provides for equal treatment between Commonwealth countries and Ireland and refers to "Commonwealth countries and Ireland".
2110:
Today the terms citizenship and nationality both refer to the national state. In a technical legal sense, while essentially the same concept, each term reflects a different legal framework. Both identify the legal status of an individual in terms of state membership. But citizenship is largely
493:
Historically, the most significant difference between a national and a citizen is that the citizen has the right to vote for elected officials, and the right to be elected. This distinction between full citizenship and other, lesser relationships goes back to antiquity. Until the 19th and 20th
954:, which ruled that "a free negro of the African race, whose ancestors were brought to this country and sold as slaves, is not a 'citizen' within the meaning of the Constitution of the United States," and that "the special rights and immunities guaranteed to citizens do not apply to them."
1351:. It was approved in 2010 through the Citizenship Statute and should be fully implemented by the member countries in 2021 when the program will be transformed in an international treaty incorporated into the national legal system of the countries, under the concept of "Mercosur Citizen".
1281:
have extended the concept and terminology associated with citizenship to the international level, where it is applied to the totality of the citizens of their constituent countries combined. Citizenship at this level is a secondary concept, with rights deriving from national citizenship.
1554:
and may impose their own obligations including the sovereign right of taxation and military service; each state maintains at least one military force subject to national militia transfer service, the state's national guard, and some states maintain a second military force not subject to
680:
under scrutiny. The relation of citizenship has not been a fixed or static relation but constantly changed within each society, and that according to one view, citizenship might "really have worked" only at select periods during certain times, such as when the
Athenian politician
937:, the first law in U.S. history to establish rules for citizenship and naturalization, barred citizenship to all people who were not of European descent, stating that "any alien being a free white person, who shall have resided within the limits and under the jurisdiction of the
901:. Modern citizenship is much more passive; action is delegated to others; citizenship is often a constraint on acting, not an impetus to act. Nevertheless, citizens are usually aware of their obligations to authorities and are aware that these bonds often limit what they can do.
1701:
argued that "citizenship in
Western liberal democracies is the modern equivalent of feudal privilegeâan inherited status that greatly enhances one's life chances. Like feudal birthright privileges, restrictive citizenship is hard to justify when one thinks about it closely".
809:
were "available in many kinds and degrees, available or unavailable to many kinds of person for many kinds of reason". The law itself was a kind of bond uniting people. Roman citizenship was more impersonal, universal, multiform, having different degrees and applications.
3338:
Violaine Hacker, "Citoyenneté culturelle et politique européenne des médias : entre compétitivité et promotion des valeurs", NATIONS, CULTURES ET ENTREPRISES EN EUROPE, sous la direction de Gilles Rouet, Collection Local et Global, L'Harmattan, Paris, pp.
586:
Excluded categories. In most countries, minors are not considered as full citizens. In the past, there have been exclusions on entitlement to citizenship on grounds such as skin color, ethnicity, sex, land ownership status, and free status (not being a
3462:
1008:(1923), would later clarify the meaning of the phrase "free white persons," ruling that ethnically Japanese, Indian, and other non-European people were not "white persons", and were therefore ineligible for naturalization under U.S. law.
841:
denoted political affiliation and identity in relation to a particular locality, as well as membership in a mercantile or trading class; thus, individuals of respectable means and socioeconomic status were interchangeable with citizens.
965:, ratified on July 9, 1868, stated that "all persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside." Two years later, the
1652:
schools, but is a cross-curricular strand of the
Curriculum for Excellence. However they do teach a subject called "Modern Studies" which covers the social, political and economic study of local, national and international
1589:
as an exam subject for the Junior
Certificate. It is known as Civic, Social and Political Education (CSPE). A new Leaving Certificate exam subject with the working title 'Politics & Society' is being developed by the
624:
Apart from responsibilities, citizens also have rights. Some of the rights are the right to pursue life, liberty and happiness, the right to worship, right to run for elected office and right to express oneself.
1591:
463:
Conceptually citizenship and nationality are different dimensions of state membership. Citizenship is focused on the internal political life of the state and nationality is the dimension of state membership in
1312:
Citizenship of the Union is hereby established. Every person holding the nationality of a Member State shall be a citizen of the Union. Citizenship of the Union shall be additional to and not replace national
3466:
736:
Slavery permitted slave-owners to have substantial free time and enabled participation in public life. Polis citizenship was marked by exclusivity. Inequality of status was widespread; citizens (ÏολίÏηÏ
1377:. As with the EU, one holds Commonwealth citizenship only by being a citizen of a Commonwealth member state. This form of citizenship offers certain privileges within some Commonwealth countries:
732:
Geoffrey
Hosking suggests that fear of being enslaved was a central motivating force for the development of the Greek sense of citizenship. Sculpture: a Greek woman being served by a slave-child.
1096:
conferred on citizens. All women were to be conferred "subject" status upon birth, and could only obtain "citizen" status if they worked independently or if they married a German citizen (see
1791:
to reflect a status under law rather than to indicate an individual orientation but has argued that the attribution on the part of the cxitizen to the state has increasingly become intended.
1057:
for both men and women "irrespective of religion, nationality, domicile, etc. who shall have completed their eighteenth year by the day of the election." The later constitutions of the
3385:
897:
The modern idea of citizenship still respects the idea of political participation, but it is usually done through "elaborate systems of political representation at a distance" such as
472:
states that everyone has the right to nationality. As such nationality in international law can be called and understood as citizenship, or more generally as subject or belonging to a
1385:
of citizens of other
Commonwealth countries or allow some Commonwealth citizens to stay in the country for tourism purposes without a visa for longer than citizens of other countries.
1456:, automatically conferred upon most individuals born in Canada, with some exceptions, and defined the conditions under which one could become a naturalized citizen. The concept of
998:
1015:
in 1924. However, even well into the 1960s, some state laws prevented Native Americans from exercising their full rights as citizens, such as the right to vote. In 1962,
1618:
and the UK's relations with the wider world, students participate in active citizenship, often involving a social action or social enterprise in their local community.
671:, although others see it as primarily a modern phenomenon dating back only a few hundred years and, for humanity, that the concept of citizenship arose with the first
1899:
3576:
2294:
1473:
2417:. Chapter 5 -- David Burchell -- Ancient Citizenship and its Inheritors; Chapter 6 -- Rogers M. Smith -- Modern Citizenship. London: Sage. pp. 89â104, 105.
925:
case at the Supreme Court of the United States, commissioned by a "group of Negro citizens" and presented to the Missouri Historical Society, St. Louis, in 1888
962:
4601:
1168:
concept is generally hard to isolate intellectually and compare with related political notions since it relates to many other aspects of society such as the
996:, would include clauses that denied immigration and naturalization rights to people based on broadly defined racial categories. Supreme Court cases such as
718:
by warfare, to avoid being defeated by those who might take them into slavery. And they also arranged their political institutions so as to remain free men.
3437:
1634:. All state schools have a statutory requirement to teach the subject, assess pupil attainment and report student's progress in citizenship to parents.
1027:
to be fixed "at a rate of one-sixth of one percent of each nationality's population in the United States in 1920". It was not until the passage of the
7407:
3438:"NAFWC 13/2003 Personal and Social Education (PSE) and Work-Related Education (WRE) in the Basic Curriculum. Education (WRE) in the Basic Curriculum"
2136:
280:
3356:
1106:
In 2021, the German government passed a law that entitled victims of Nazi persecution and their descendants to become naturalised German citizens.
2869:
1140:
Many theorists suggest that there are two opposing conceptions of citizenship: an economic one, and a political one. For further information, see
5561:
3392:
1050:
881:
was an indirect form of citizenship in that it helped their members succeed financially. The rise of citizenship was linked to the rise of
984:
explicitly denied naturalization rights to all people of Chinese origin, while subsequent acts passed by the US Congress, such as laws in
5329:
5204:
2111:
confined to the national dimension, while nationality refers to the international legal dimension in the context of an interstate system.
2234:
Umpierrez de Reguero, SebastiĂĄn; Finn, Victoria (2 July 2024). "Migrants' intention to vote in two countries, one country, or neither".
1305:
6351:
5992:
5214:
1689:
system in which people are assigned dramatically different opportunities based on the accident of birth. It is also criticized by some
1603:
1199:
The liberal-individualist or sometimes liberal conception of citizenship suggests that citizens should have entitlements necessary for
5472:
6536:
4370:
3577:"Abolishing Citizenship: Resolving the Irreconcilability Between "Soil" and "Blood" Political Membership and Anti-Racist Democracy"
1970:
565:
Nationality. Nationality and citizenship are generally indissociable, citizenship being in most cases a consequence of nationality.
969:
would extend the right to become a naturalized citizen to include "aliens of African nativity and to persons of African descent".
7144:
6446:
5321:
5259:
3217:
2656:
1028:
1023:
4198:
3185:
2515:
2412:
1418:
In the United Kingdom, all Commonwealth citizens legally residing in the country can vote and stand for office at all elections.
6565:
5301:
4632:
4278:
3151:
3050:"Citizenship and Nationality in Democratic Systems: Approaches to Defining and Acquiring Membership in the Political Community"
1149:
1141:
1160:, for example, there is a cultural politics of citizenship which could be called "peopleship", argued by an academic article.
6553:
5296:
4057:
4029:
4010:
3936:
3917:
3873:
3850:
3823:
Beaven, Brad, and John Griffiths. "Creating the Exemplary Citizen: The Changing Notion of Citizenship in Britain 1870â1939,"
3802:
3778:
3633:
3612:
3195:
3161:
3104:
2666:
2580:
2525:
2495:
2422:
2355:
2218:
2092:
2046:
2006:
1857:
973:
469:
366:, while citizenship was a particular status which originated in the rights of urban populations, like the rights of the male
273:
4232:
2183:
2098:
2052:
5306:
2759:
2520:. chapters by Veronica Strong-Boag, Yvonne Hebert, Lori Wilkinson. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. pp. 3, 4, 5.
1962:
1092:, and because of this law Jews and others who could not "prove German racial heritage" were stripped of their citizenship.
728:
3685:
1907:
1498:
Citizenship most usually relates to membership of the nation-state, but the term can also apply at the subnational level.
7254:
7164:
5339:
4223:
1004:
7279:
5554:
5487:
5467:
5446:
2575:. Lecture 5: Rome as a city-state. United Kingdom: The Modern Scholar via Recorded Books. pp. tracks 1 through 9.
1457:
1046:
945:
4175:
3714:
3305:
5451:
5334:
5177:
3965:
3895:
3753:
3724:
3703:
3674:
3653:
3231:
3024:
2177:
1512:
1301:
1291:
548:
4163:
2781:
1534:
The United States has a federal system in which a person is a citizen of their specific state of residence, such as
933:
used racial criteria to establish citizenship rights and regulate who was eligible to become a naturalized citizen.
7224:
5674:
5199:
1543:
944:
Under early U.S. laws, African Americans were not eligible for citizenship. In 1857, these laws were upheld in the
910:
266:
2930:
2905:
6180:
6031:
4128:
1564:
65:
3441:
2807:
1365:
1240:
must take note of in the interest of a common good. These responsibilities can be categorised into personal and
755:
deeply connected with everyday life. To be truly human, one had to be an active citizen to the community, which
7381:
7234:
6120:
5189:
1448:
1326:
1278:
530:
1664:. Components of Citizenship are then also incorporated into GCSE courses such as 'Learning for Life and Work'.
7421:
7294:
6516:
5547:
5482:
5254:
5249:
4733:
1657:
1642:
1089:
1062:
3487:
1434:
Canada departed from the principle of nationality being defined in terms of allegiance in 1921. In 1935 the
980:, and others not considered "free white persons" were still denied the ability to become citizens. The 1882
7319:
7314:
7008:
6046:
5679:
5477:
5311:
5276:
5227:
4951:
4189:
1516:
1461:
1446:, and they are still not regarded as foreign, even though Ireland is not a member of the Commonwealth. The
1408:
1065:
in concord with the principles of non-discrimination laid out in the original 1918 constitution of Russia.
526:
197:
2128:
1103:
The final category, aliens, referred to those who were citizens of another state, who also had no rights.
741:< ÏÏλÎčÏ 'city') had a higher status than non-citizens, such as women, slaves, and resident foreigners (
7334:
7329:
7114:
5431:
5421:
5288:
4496:
2980:
2733:
1338:
573:
165:
3512:
Ochoa Espejo, Paulina (2018). "Why borders do matter morally: The role of place in immigrants' rights".
3349:
3093:. In Cairns, Alan C.; Courtney, John C.; MacKinnon, Peter; Michelmann, Hans J.; Smith, David E. (eds.).
2851:
1031:
that these immigration quota systems were drastically altered in favor of a less discriminatory system.
456:
320:
5999:
5659:
5411:
4750:
4271:
4147:
3280:
1551:
985:
966:
934:
6316:
3005:
6363:
6306:
5891:
5436:
5376:
2318:
1941:
1761:
1348:
1204:
121:
17:
7457:
7447:
7204:
5381:
5371:
4728:
4540:
1873:
1453:
1084:") heritage who had completed military service, and could be revoked at any time by the state. The
930:
898:
850:
801:
31:
3669:. Politics of Citizenship and Migration Series (2nd ed.). Springer International Publishing.
2955:
430:
7184:
7104:
6521:
6110:
6021:
5528:
5426:
5361:
4238:. United States Office of Personnel Management Investigations Service. March 2001. Archived from
4070:(January 1989). "Polity and group difference: A critique of the ideal of universal citizenship".
3190:. J. G. A. Pocock, Michael Ignatieff. US: State University of New York, Albany. pp. 29, 54.
2887:
1485:
1374:
1115:
993:
989:
915:
519:
6918:
2760:"A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774 - 1875"
1373:
The concept of "Commonwealth Citizenship" has been in place ever since the establishment of the
6511:
6491:
6341:
6011:
5639:
5386:
5015:
4757:
1849:
1322:
European Union citizen is a national. Articles 18-21 and 225 provide certain political rights.
1241:
1040:
1012:
950:
921:
779:
629:
391:
6378:
3153:
Citizenship, and ethnicity: the growth and development of a democratic multiethnic institution
3090:
2163:
2084:
2074:
2038:
2028:
483:
Today, the concept of full citizenship encompasses not only active political rights, but full
6665:
6620:
6431:
6026:
5441:
5416:
5406:
5396:
5391:
5244:
4312:
4264:
3883:
1928:
1746:
1711:
1097:
1085:
981:
618:
202:
6481:
1994:
1866:
7442:
7174:
7054:
6823:
6630:
6471:
6398:
6090:
6051:
6036:
5570:
5502:
5497:
5401:
5271:
5222:
4616:
4582:
4567:
4403:
4350:
3350:"The Commonwealth Countries and Ireland (Immunities and Privileges) (Amendment) Order 2005"
1731:
1503:
1360:
656:
580:
569:
355:
116:
6645:
3843:
Culture, Citizenship, and Community: A Contextual Exploration of Justice as Evenhandedness
8:
7452:
7364:
7244:
7214:
7134:
6660:
6600:
5921:
5841:
4886:
4691:
4666:
4646:
4550:
3544:"Ending the passport apartheid. The alternative to citizenship is no citizenshipâA reply"
1756:
1736:
1716:
1586:
1423:
1403:) is granted, except for certain specific positions, such as in the defense departments,
591:). Most of these exclusions no longer apply in most places. Modern examples include some
331:
227:
217:
155:
138:
6408:
599:
is known for granting citizenship to foreign athletes, but they all have to profess the
7376:
7371:
7354:
7349:
6818:
6326:
6263:
5043:
5025:
5020:
5008:
4842:
4661:
4641:
4611:
4393:
4365:
4097:
4089:
3769:. Chapter 2 -- The Ideal of Citizenship since Classical Times (originally published in
3730:
3123:
Xiao, Y (2013). "China's peopleship education: Conceptual issues and policy analysis".
3111:
The concept of 'citizenship' has long acquired the connotation of a bundle of rights...
3071:
1694:
1570:
1499:
1396:
in local and national elections and in some cases even the right to stand for election.
1389:
1272:
1260:
958:
351:
247:
6808:
4195:
3743:
398:. Since then states have expanded the status of citizenship to most of their national
7339:
7284:
7124:
6913:
6575:
6501:
6476:
6278:
6080:
5048:
4966:
4703:
4656:
4594:
4423:
4067:
4053:
4025:
4006:
3971:
3961:
3932:
3913:
3891:
3869:
3862:
3846:
3798:
3790:
3774:
3749:
3720:
3699:
3670:
3666:
Citizenship in Transnational Perspective: Australia, Canada, and Aotearoa New Zealand
3649:
3643:
3629:
3625:
Imagining the People: Chinese Intellectuals and the Concept of Citizenship, 1890-1920
3608:
3270:
3227:
3191:
3157:
3100:
3075:
2662:
2576:
2553:
2521:
2491:
2418:
2351:
2251:
2214:
2173:
2088:
2042:
2002:
1975:
1874:"Citizenship and Participation â Manual for Human Rights Education with Young people"
1853:
1392:
citizens of other Commonwealth countries are entitled to political rights, e.g., the
1297:
1177:
862:
769:
710:
465:
308:
237:
6393:
4101:
3386:"Leaving Certificate Politics and Society : Report on the consultation process"
1843:
7344:
7274:
7044:
6963:
6958:
6883:
6858:
6803:
6793:
6783:
6753:
6733:
6723:
6590:
6585:
6543:
6486:
6283:
5966:
5961:
5936:
5881:
5856:
5492:
5366:
5266:
5096:
4904:
4794:
4745:
4718:
4471:
4466:
4319:
4081:
4072:
3953:
3828:
3691:
3555:
3539:
3521:
3132:
3061:
2243:
1622:
Citizenship is a compulsory subject of the National Curriculum in state schools in
1535:
1435:
1404:
1222:
1173:
1054:
822:
698:
347:
242:
160:
143:
6948:
4214:
4142:
2247:
1815:
7401:
7074:
6993:
6953:
6923:
6908:
6873:
6868:
6838:
6813:
6798:
6773:
6758:
6693:
6670:
6655:
6640:
6625:
6496:
6451:
6436:
6426:
6248:
6243:
6100:
6095:
6075:
6063:
5237:
4929:
4740:
4486:
4476:
4218:
4202:
4110:
3947:
3890:. Pennsylvania Studies in Human Rights Series. University of Pennsylvania Press.
3764:
3623:
3602:
3094:
2345:
2208:
2167:
2078:
2032:
1626:
for all pupils aged 11â16. Some schools offer a qualification in this subject at
1443:
1382:
1329:
in any of the Member States which predate the introduction of Union citizenship.
1145:
977:
826:
792:
652:
648:
473:
297:
252:
222:
150:
4022:
Genealogies of Citizenship: Markets, Statelessness, and the Right to Have Rights
3247:
7391:
7299:
7289:
7018:
6893:
6878:
6853:
6848:
6843:
6788:
6763:
6718:
6698:
6560:
6531:
6506:
6461:
6441:
6403:
6358:
6238:
6228:
6085:
5916:
5729:
5194:
5138:
4977:
4934:
4862:
4606:
4577:
4502:
4456:
4398:
4355:
3664:
3066:
3049:
2487:
1607:
1594:(NCCA) and is expected to be introduced to the curriculum sometime after 2012.
1428:
1412:
1233:
1195:
Modern citizenship has often been looked at as two competing underlying ideas:
1011:
Native Americans were not granted full US citizenship until the passage of the
861:), though political upheavals and reforms, beginning most prominently with the
746:
706:
668:
592:
403:
343:
327:
212:
128:
60:
4239:
3975:
3832:
3274:
2270:
7436:
7324:
7154:
7064:
7013:
6983:
6973:
6903:
6898:
6888:
6748:
6738:
6728:
6703:
6570:
6548:
6466:
6373:
6346:
6331:
6273:
5956:
5035:
4832:
4621:
4491:
4481:
4439:
4413:
4408:
4345:
4305:
3905:
3838:
3695:
2255:
1979:
1698:
1439:
1400:
1393:
1214:
1200:
1122:
938:
882:
830:
583:. This type of citizenship is conferred to an individual as a sign of honour.
488:
477:
111:
86:
73:
3525:
3096:
Citizenship, Diversity, and Pluralism: Canadian and Comparative Perspectives
7304:
6988:
6978:
6968:
6833:
6828:
6768:
6743:
6713:
6708:
6615:
6610:
6456:
6336:
6070:
6006:
5876:
5866:
5861:
5780:
5770:
5714:
5604:
5068:
4995:
4774:
4764:
4683:
4433:
4340:
4290:
3607:. Chapter 3. Minneapolis, MN: The University of Minnesota. pp. 43â49.
3560:
3543:
1848:. Elgar Studies in Legal Theory. Edward Elgar Publishing Limited. pp.
1839:
1780:
1726:
1721:
1674:
1615:
1547:
1058:
775:
484:
476:, and not as ethnicity. This notwithstanding, around 10 million people are
387:
40:
3957:
3734:
941:
for the term of two years, maybe admitted to becoming a citizen thereof."
865:, abolished privileges and created an egalitarian concept of citizenship.
745:). The first form of citizenship was based on the way people lived in the
688:
An essential part of the framework of Greco-Roman ethics is the figure of
7003:
6998:
6933:
6928:
6778:
6650:
6605:
6595:
6388:
6383:
6321:
6258:
6041:
6016:
5941:
5901:
5871:
5846:
5826:
5805:
5785:
5765:
5755:
5724:
5232:
5063:
5053:
5003:
4985:
4896:
4857:
4651:
4545:
3812:
3222:. United States and Canada: Routledge. pp. 476 pages total, source:
3136:
1741:
1690:
1508:
1490:
1469:
874:
858:
838:
818:
395:
338:
in the polity, as well as identify with the polity, possibly acquiring a
316:
304:
190:
185:
176:
97:
4170:
3687:
Making Foreigners: Immigration and Citizenship Law in America, 1600-2000
2833:
418:
7386:
7194:
7094:
6943:
6863:
6635:
6526:
6368:
6311:
6288:
6253:
6202:
6192:
6160:
6105:
5931:
5911:
5836:
5800:
5704:
5689:
5614:
5539:
5078:
4418:
4093:
2888:"The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (The McCarran-Walter Act)"
1539:
1016:
690:
664:
533: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
359:
207:
51:
4003:
Stories of Peoplehood: The Politics and Morals of Political Membership
3773:
99, no. 1). Minneapolis, MN: The University of Minnesota. p. 31.
3416:
7084:
7023:
6580:
6223:
6150:
6135:
6056:
5976:
5971:
5896:
5851:
5831:
5810:
5795:
5775:
5760:
5624:
5584:
5124:
5119:
5086:
5058:
4946:
4941:
4877:
4852:
4799:
4713:
4428:
4360:
4117:(Fall 2023 ed.). Metaphysics Research Lab, Standford University.
4041:
Limits of Citizenship. Migrants and Postnational Membership in Europe
3463:"Personal and Social Education Framework: Key Stages 1 to 4 in Wales"
3156:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. pp. xi, xii, xiii, 4.
1686:
1611:
1318:
1257:
1189:
756:
4207:
3276:"The Global Commonwealth of Citizens. Toward Cosmopolitan Democracy"
3006:"The Nuremberg Laws: The Reich Citizenship Law (September 15, 1935)"
2486:. Lecture 3: Ancient Greece. United Kingdom: The Modern Scholar via
1550:
may grant certain rights above and beyond what is granted under the
508:
7359:
6938:
6675:
6268:
6233:
6207:
6187:
6140:
5951:
5906:
5790:
5694:
5684:
5649:
5619:
5133:
5105:
5091:
4958:
4924:
4882:
4867:
4827:
4572:
4085:
3419:. British Government, Department for Children, Schools and Families
1649:
1574:
1465:
1399:
In some instances the right to work in any position (including the
1344:
1181:
1128:
854:
846:
375:
363:
339:
335:
133:
80:
3795:
The Global Commonwealth of Citizens. Toward Cosmopolitan Democracy
3642:
Lawrance, Benjamin N.; Stevens, Jacqueline, eds. (February 2017).
1520:
1427:
Ireland's citizens are not classified as foreign nationals in the
7396:
7309:
6197:
6165:
6155:
5926:
5886:
5719:
5644:
5629:
5609:
5129:
5114:
5110:
4872:
4822:
4814:
4804:
4708:
4696:
4555:
4451:
4445:
4158:
3645:
Citizenship in Question: Evidentiary Birthright and Statelessness
3622:
Zarrow, Peter (1997), Fogel, Joshua A.; Zarrow, Peter G. (eds.),
3491:
2661:. United States and Canada: Routledge. pp. 476 pages total.
1751:
1631:
1623:
1524:
1237:
1077:
1049:
granted citizenship to any foreigners who were living within the
972:
Despite the gains made by African Americans after the Civil War,
600:
383:
232:
3216:
Oldfield, Adrian (1994). Turner, Bryan; Hamilton, Peter (eds.).
1660:
and most other schools in some forms from year 8 to 10 prior to
1523:
where the residents enjoy special provincial citizenship within
1061:
would grant universal Soviet citizenship to the citizens of all
821:, citizenship was usually associated with cities and towns (see
6145:
5946:
5734:
5709:
5699:
5669:
5654:
5101:
4914:
4847:
4787:
4782:
4589:
4256:
4184:
1682:
1253:
1249:
1185:
1169:
1153:
1073:
886:
800:
Roman citizenship reflected a struggle between the upper-class
399:
367:
326:
Generally citizenships have no expiration and allow persons to
44:
3910:
Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights
3716:
The Citizen and the Alien: Dilemmas of Contemporary Membership
3025:"Restoration of German citizenship (Article 116 II Basic Law)"
1930:
Nationality and Statelessness: A Handbook for Parliamentarians
804:
interests against the lower-order working groups known as the
561:
A person can be recognized as a citizen on a number of bases.
6175:
5664:
5599:
4909:
4837:
4388:
3882:
2655:
Taylor, David (1994). Turner, Bryan; Hamilton, Peter (eds.).
1937:
1678:
1661:
1638:
1494:
Diagram of relationship between; Citizens, Politicians + Laws
1369:
Citizenship ceremony on beach near Cooktown, Queensland. 2012
1157:
1081:
878:
805:
751:
742:
681:
663:, point to the concept of citizenship beginning in the early
642:
596:
588:
379:
2350:. Meridian: Crossing Aesthetics. Stanford University Press.
1963:"International Migration Law No. 34 - Glossary on Migration"
1845:
Allegiance, Citizenship and the Law: The Enigma of Belonging
574:
citizens residing outside of country of citizenship can vote
6170:
5594:
4919:
4461:
1656:
Citizenship is taught as a standalone subject in all state
1627:
825:), and applied mainly to middle-class folk. Titles such as
371:
4113:. In Zalta, Edward N.; Nodelman, Uri; et al. (eds.).
3949:
Citizenship in Dalit and Indigenous Australian Literatures
3719:. Princeton, New Jersey, USA: Princeton University Press.
2075:"17. Towards Post-National and Denationalized Citizenship"
2029:"17. Towards Post-National and Denationalized Citizenship"
1034:
5739:
5634:
4208:
The Life in the UK Citizenship Test Report by Thom Brooks
3440:. Welsh Assembly Government. 15 June 2003. Archived from
2814:. U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. 1868
2573:
Epochs of European Civilization: Antiquity to Renaissance
2484:
Epochs of European Civilization: Antiquity to Renaissance
1995:"Citizenship and Nationality: Terms, Concepts and Rights"
1438:
was the first to introduce its own citizenship. However,
672:
2233:
2157:
2155:
2153:
1474:
British Nationality and New Zealand Citizenship Act 1948
961:
that African Americans were granted citizenship rights.
957:
It was not until the abolition of slavery following the
3748:. MIT Press Essential Knowledge Series. The MIT Press.
3306:"Consolidated versions of the Treaty on European Union"
2633:
2631:
2618:
2616:
1577:) affect collective citizenship and thus in turn them.
1019:
became the last state to enfranchise Native Americans.
3538:
2702:
2680:
2678:
919:
Portrait of Dred Scott, the plaintiff in the infamous
3226:, 1990 vol.61, pp. 177â187, in the book, pages 188+.
2150:
1327:
rights to move in order to exercise economic activity
2628:
2613:
2601:
2589:
2534:
2371:
2343:
651:
in his work extending the biopolitical framework of
595:
which rarely grant citizenship to non-Muslims, e.g.
2714:
2690:
2675:
2383:
2123:
2121:
2119:
1878:
Manual for Human Rights Education with Young people
1648:Citizenship is not taught as a discrete subject in
1090:
racial criteria for citizenship in the German Reich
3888:The Human Right to Citizenship: A Slippery Concept
3861:
3789:
2808:"Constitution of the United States: Amendment XIV"
2295:"ROLES, RIGHTS & RESPONSIBILITIES OF CITIZENS"
1809:
1807:
1232:Responsibility is an action that individuals of a
3690:. New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press.
3099:. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. pp. 247â264.
1120:The primary principles of Israeli citizenship is
709:arose from an appreciation for the importance of
7434:
3763:Pocock, J. G. A. (1998). Shafir, Gershon (ed.).
2236:Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties
2116:
608:
3641:
2411:Isin, Engin F.; Turner, Bryan S., eds. (2002).
1804:
604:though their parents meet citizenship criteria.
3837:
3211:
3209:
3207:
2172:. Berlin: De Gruyter Recht. pp. 547â548.
2077:. In Isin, Engin F.; Turner, Bryan S. (eds.).
2031:. In Isin, Engin F.; Turner, Bryan S. (eds.).
1614:, parliament, government, the justice system,
1592:National Council for Curriculum and Assessment
1511:citizenship is a citizenship of an individual
30:"Citizen" redirects here. For other uses, see
5555:
4272:
3985:Citizenship and Social Class and Other Essays
1519:and of the Confederation. Another example is
705:lecture course suggested that citizenship in
685:olive tree nor spring would have any rights.
274:
6061:
5176:
4956:
3811:
3511:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2133:International Justice Resource Center (IJRC)
1677:advocates, who argue that it functions as a
1673:The concept of citizenship is criticized by
1132:(citizenship by place of birth) for others.
1051:Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
457:Nationality § Nationality versus citizenship
5997:
3548:International Journal of Constitutional Law
3465:. Welsh Assembly Government. Archived from
3204:
2858:. University of Washington-Bothell Library.
2477:
2475:
2473:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2454:
1381:Some such countries do not require tourist
1203:. It assumes people act for the purpose of
963:The 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
929:From 1790 until the mid-twentieth century,
303:Though citizenship is often conflated with
5562:
5548:
4279:
4265:
3604:Citizenship in Ancient and Medieval Cities
3179:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3091:"Citizenship. Human rights, and Diversity"
3041:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2509:
2507:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2410:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2398:
1906:. University of Pittsburgh. Archived from
1604:General Certificate of Secondary Education
281:
267:
3945:
3817:Becoming British: UK Citizenship Examined
3559:
3065:
2559:
2347:Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life
2213:(in French). FeniXX réédition numérique.
2161:
1047:1918 constitution of revolutionary Russia
549:Learn how and when to remove this message
5569:
5164:
4109:Leydet, Dominique (September 5, 2023) .
3982:
3904:
3741:
3663:Mann, Jatinder, ed. (October 12, 2023).
3215:
3082:
2470:
2319:"Know your duties as a citizen of Ghana"
2268:
2169:European Fundamental Rights and Freedoms
1971:International Organization for Migration
1489:
1364:
914:
727:
7145:Reflections on the Revolution in France
3742:Kochenov, Dimitry (November 12, 2019).
3712:
3628:, Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, p. 3,
3300:
3298:
3170:
3143:
2981:"1936 Constitution of the USSR, Part I"
2956:"1936 Constitution of the USSR, Part I"
2643:
2570:
2517:Citizenship in transformation in Canada
2504:
2481:
2431:
2395:
2344:Agamben, G.; Heller-Roazen, D. (1998).
2323:National Commission for Civic Education
2271:"TYPES OF CITIZENSHIP â Civic Keypoint"
1458:Commonwealth citizenship was introduced
1347:is granted to eligible citizens of the
1035:Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics
1029:Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965
1024:Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952
568:Place of residence. In some countries,
319:, these two notions being conceptually
14:
7435:
4108:
4047:
4038:
4019:
3859:
3762:
3683:
3621:
3183:
3054:International Political Science Review
3047:
2720:
2654:
2637:
2622:
2607:
2595:
2540:
2513:
2464:
2389:
2377:
2164:"Part V: Citizenship Rights in Europe"
2072:
2026:
1838:
1813:
1610:. As well as teaching knowledge about
1580:
1515:, from which follows citizenship of a
1126:(citizenship by descent) for Jews and
498:
5543:
5163:
4520:
4260:
4066:
4000:
3713:Bosniak, Linda (September 28, 2023).
3684:Parker, Kunal M. (5 September 2015).
3600:
3574:
3149:
3088:
2931:"Article 4 (R.S.F.S.R. Constitution)"
2906:"Article 2 (R.S.F.S.R. Constitution)"
2788:. Cornell University Law School. 1857
2708:
2696:
2684:
2206:
2202:
2200:
1992:
1787:came to be employed as a synonym for
1606:(GCSE) course in many schools in the
1317:An agreement is known as the amended
470:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
3991:
3926:
3662:
3409:
3295:
3122:
2227:
1900:"Nationality, ethnicity in Slovakia"
1349:Southern Common Market member states
1022:It was not until the passage of the
531:adding citations to reliable sources
502:
413:
296:is a membership and allegiance to a
7255:The End of History and the Last Man
7165:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
4224:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
4115:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3886:; Walton-Roberts, Margaret (2015).
1897:
1820:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1325:Union citizens have also extensive
1135:
307:in today's English-speaking world,
24:
4522:
4521:
4212:
3594:
3581:Georgetown Immigration Law Journal
2262:
2197:
25:
7469:
4122:
3125:Citizenship Teaching and Learning
2856:US Immigration Legislation Online
2001:, Brill Nijhoff, pp. 11â57,
1993:RĂŒtte, Barbara von (2022-12-19),
1597:
1302:citizenship of the European Union
1292:Citizenship of the European Union
1285:
7225:The Open Society and Its Enemies
5524:
5523:
4286:
4183:
4169:
4157:
3362:from the original on 2010-12-18.
1814:Leydet, Dominique (2006-10-13).
1452:of 1946 provided for a distinct
1388:In some Commonwealth countries,
1266:
911:Citizenship of the United States
904:
845:During this era, members of the
507:
455:This section is an excerpt from
417:
6032:Family as a model for the state
4233:"Citizenship Laws of the World"
3568:
3540:Vladimirovich Kochenov, Dimitry
3532:
3505:
3480:
3455:
3430:
3378:
3366:
3342:
3332:
3323:
3292:Note: the consolidated version.
3286:
3264:
3240:
3116:
3060:(3). SAGE Publishing: 313â335.
3022:
3016:
2998:
2973:
2948:
2923:
2898:
2880:
2862:
2844:
2826:
2800:
2774:
2752:
2734:"A History of U.S. Citizenship"
2726:
2546:
2514:Hebert, Yvonne M., ed. (2002).
2414:Handbook of Citizenship Studies
2337:
2311:
2287:
2207:Koubi, GeneviĂšve (1994-12-31).
2186:from the original on 2021-03-08
2139:from the original on 2022-01-19
2129:"CITIZENSHIP & NATIONALITY"
2101:from the original on 2021-09-30
2080:Handbook of Citizenship Studies
2066:
2055:from the original on 2021-09-30
2034:Handbook of Citizenship Studies
1565:Citizenship education (subject)
1468:adopted this principle such as
1354:
1279:intergovernmental organizations
1068:
892:
518:needs additional citations for
7382:Separation of church and state
7280:Collectivism and individualism
7235:The Origins of Totalitarianism
5165:
4043:. University of Chicago Press.
4024:. Cambridge University Press.
4005:. Cambridge University Press.
3864:A Brief History of Citizenship
3797:. Princeton University Press.
3219:Citizenship: Critical Concepts
3048:Safran, William (1997-07-01).
2658:Citizenship: Critical Concepts
2020:
1999:The Human Right to Citizenship
1986:
1955:
1921:
1891:
1832:
1774:
1479:
935:The Naturalization Act of 1790
868:
812:
763:
311:does not usually use the term
13:
1:
7422:Category:Political philosophy
7295:Critique of political economy
4174:The dictionary definition of
4050:Citizenship and Social Theory
3987:. Cambridge University Press.
3329:Note: Articles 39, 43, 49 EC.
3248:"The Role of Civic Education"
2870:"Elections: Native Americans"
2248:10.1080/17457289.2023.2189727
2083:. SAGE Publications. p.
2037:. SAGE Publications. p.
1798:
1697:. In 1987, moral philosopher
1643:personal and social education
1148:theory, carries with it both
609:Responsibilities of a citizen
449:
27:Legal membership in a country
7320:Institutional discrimination
7315:History of political thought
6047:Negative and positive rights
4148:Resources in other libraries
3931:. Rowman & Littlefield.
3825:Contemporary British History
3488:"Modern Studies Association"
3391:. March 2010. Archived from
3184:Beiner, Ronald, ed. (1995).
2985:www.departments.bucknell.edu
2960:www.departments.bucknell.edu
2834:"Naturalization Act of 1870"
1668:
1602:Citizenship is offered as a
1558:
1544:citizen of the United States
1502:may impose requirements, of
1462:British Nationality Act 1948
1228:Responsibilities of citizens
1144:. Citizenship status, under
7:
7330:Justification for the state
7115:Two Treatises of Government
3912:. Oxford University Press.
3845:. Oxford University Press.
2894:. U.S. Department of State.
2892:The Office of the Historian
2786:Legal Information Institute
1705:
1658:schools in Northern Ireland
1339:Citizenship of the Mercosur
1332:
10:
7474:
6000:Bellum omnium contra omnes
4371:Weberian (three-component)
4196:BBC PSHE & Citizenship
3929:Creating European Citizens
3281:Princeton University Press
3067:10.1177/019251297018003006
2571:Hosking, Geoffrey (2005).
2490:. pp. 1, 2 (tracks).
2482:Hosking, Geoffrey (2005).
2162:Kadelbach, Stefan (2007).
1562:
1552:United States Constitution
1483:
1358:
1336:
1300:introduced the concept of
1289:
1270:
1220:
1113:
1038:
1005:U.S. v. Bhagat Singh Thind
999:Ozawa v. the United States
967:Naturalization Act of 1870
908:
767:
640:
627:
454:
409:
323:of collective membership.
29:
7417:
7267:
7036:
6684:
6417:
6297:
6216:
6128:
6119:
5985:
5819:
5748:
5577:
5519:
5460:
5352:
5320:
5287:
5213:
5185:
5172:
5159:
5077:
5034:
4994:
4976:
4895:
4813:
4773:
4682:
4675:
4630:
4533:
4529:
4516:
4379:
4333:
4329:
4300:
4143:Resources in your library
4048:Turner, Bryan S. (1994).
4020:Somers, Margaret (2008).
3884:Howard-Hassmann, Rhoda E.
3833:10.1080/13619460701189559
3648:. Duke University Press.
2762:. The Library of Congress
2166:. In Ehlers, Dirk (ed.).
1762:Transnational citizenship
1205:enlightened self-interest
1109:
66:Aboard aircraft and ships
7205:The Revolt of the Masses
5493:Pre-industrial East Asia
4039:Soysal, Yasemin (1994).
3946:Mukherjee, Riya (2024).
3827:(2008) 22#2 pp 203â225
3696:10.1017/CBO9781139343282
3089:Leary, Virginia (2000).
1783:has noted that the term
1767:
1449:Canadian Citizenship Act
1306:Treaty on European Union
1304:. Article 17 (1) of the
899:representative democracy
634:
404:extent of citizen rights
354:citizens have been made
32:Citizen (disambiguation)
7185:The Communist Manifesto
6111:Tyranny of the majority
6022:Consent of the governed
4541:Administrative detainee
3983:Marshall, T.H. (1950).
3766:The Citizenship Debates
3526:10.1111/1467-8675.12340
3224:The Political Quarterly
2812:The Charters of Freedom
2269:keypoint (2022-09-14).
2073:Sassen, Saskia (2002).
2027:Sassen, Saskia (2002).
1974:: 143â144. 2019-06-19.
1486:Subnational citizenship
1375:Commonwealth of Nations
1248:proper balance between
1116:Israeli citizenship law
6062:
6012:Clash of civilizations
5998:
4957:
4162:Quotations related to
4001:Smith, Rogers (2003).
3860:Heater, Derek (2004).
3575:Sacco, Steven (2022).
3187:Theorizing Citizenship
3150:Gross, Feliks (1999).
3010:Jewish Virtual Library
2852:"1917 Immigration Act"
1904:Slovak Studies Program
1495:
1442:were still treated as
1370:
1315:
1242:civic responsibilities
1142:History of citizenship
1041:Soviet nationality law
1013:Indian Citizenship Act
951:Dred Scott v. Sandford
926:
922:Dred Scott v. Sandford
798:
780:equality under the law
733:
726:
723:Geoffrey Hosking, 2005
647:Many thinkers such as
630:History of citizenship
362:of states were mostly
6027:Divine right of kings
5498:Pre-industrial Europe
3958:10.4324/9781003300892
3927:Maas, Willem (2007).
3417:"National curriculum"
2738:The Los Angeles Times
1747:Non-citizens (Latvia)
1507:fundamental basis of
1493:
1444:subjects of the Crown
1368:
1310:
1221:Further information:
1098:women in Nazi Germany
1086:Reich Citizenship Law
982:Chinese Exclusion Act
918:
784:
731:
715:
713:. Hosking explained:
619:Constitution of Ghana
570:non-citizens can vote
356:second-class citizens
203:Diplomatic protection
7175:Democracy in America
6554:political philosophy
6537:political philosophy
6352:political philosophy
6181:political philosophy
6091:Separation of powers
6052:Night-watchman state
6037:Monopoly on violence
5571:Political philosophy
5355: or countries
5166:By country or region
4404:Class discrimination
4192:at Wikimedia Commons
3992:Shue, Henry (1950).
3561:10.1093/icon/moaa108
3137:10.1386/ctl.8.1.21_1
2135:. 15 November 2012.
1732:Honorary citizenship
1585:It is taught in the
1500:Subnational entities
1454:Canadian Citizenship
1361:Commonwealth citizen
1088:of 1935 established
817:During the European
657:History of Sexuality
572:. In some countries
527:improve this article
468:. Article 15 of the
321:different dimensions
7365:Right-wing politics
7245:A Theory of Justice
7215:The Road to Serfdom
7135:The Social Contract
5842:Christian democracy
4887:Vanniar (Chieftain)
4213:Leydet, Dominique.
3601:Weber, Max (1998).
3444:on 23 November 2011
2874:Library of Congress
2782:"Scott v. Sandford"
1757:Spatial citizenship
1737:Loss of citizenship
1717:Citizenship Studies
1695:anarcho-capitalists
1587:Republic of Ireland
1581:Republic of Ireland
1343:Citizenship of the
1213:citizenship in the
581:honorary conferment
499:Determining factors
382:, giving rise to a
380:ancient city-states
228:Permanent residency
7377:Political violence
7372:Political theology
7355:Left-wing politics
7350:Political spectrum
5468:18th-century Spain
5322:Standard of living
5026:Upper middle class
5021:Lower middle class
4612:Political prisoner
4394:Chattering classes
4366:Spoon class theory
4201:2016-06-19 at the
4068:Young, Iris Marion
3791:Archibugi, Daniele
3023:Amt, AuswÀrtiges.
1712:Citizen's dividend
1641:the model used is
1571:Active citizenship
1496:
1371:
1273:Global citizenship
1261:Arthur Stinchcombe
1176:, the individual,
959:American Civil War
927:
734:
694:or the bare life.
429:. You can help by
406:remain contested.
248:Identity cleansing
7430:
7429:
7340:Philosophy of law
7285:Conflict theories
7125:The Spirit of Law
7032:
7031:
6081:Original position
5537:
5536:
5515:
5514:
5511:
5510:
5348:
5347:
5155:
5154:
5151:
5150:
5147:
5146:
5049:Lumpenproletariat
4551:illegal immigrant
4512:
4511:
4424:Classless society
4188:Media related to
4129:Library resources
4059:978-0-8039-8611-4
4031:978-0-521-79394-0
4012:978-0-521-52003-4
3938:978-0-7425-5486-3
3919:978-0-19-829091-9
3875:978-0-8147-3672-2
3852:978-0-19-829768-0
3804:978-1-4008-2976-7
3780:978-0-8166-2880-3
3771:Queen's Quarterly
3635:978-0-7656-0098-1
3614:978-0-8166-2880-3
3310:eur-lex.europa.eu
3283:, Princeton, 2008
3271:Daniele Archibugi
3197:978-0-7914-2335-6
3163:978-0-313-30932-8
3106:978-0-7735-1893-3
2711:, pp. 46â47.
2668:978-0-415-07036-2
2582:978-1-4025-8360-5
2554:Civis Romanus sum
2527:978-0-8020-0850-3
2497:978-1-4025-8360-5
2424:978-0-7619-6858-0
2357:978-0-8047-3218-5
2220:978-2-402-10208-7
2210:De la citoyenneté
2094:978-0-7619-6858-0
2048:978-0-7619-6858-0
2008:978-90-04-51752-3
1898:Votruba, Martin.
1859:978-1-83910-254-7
1555:nationalization.
1472:, by way of the
1298:Maastricht Treaty
931:United States law
863:French Revolution
770:Roman citizenship
559:
558:
551:
466:international law
447:
446:
342:. Though through
309:international law
291:
290:
238:Right to homeland
16:(Redirected from
7465:
7345:Political ethics
7335:Machiavellianism
7275:Authoritarianism
7260:
7250:
7240:
7230:
7220:
7210:
7200:
7190:
7180:
7170:
7160:
7150:
7140:
7130:
7120:
7110:
7100:
7090:
7080:
7070:
7060:
7050:
6126:
6125:
6067:
6003:
5993:Balance of power
5967:Social democracy
5962:Social Darwinism
5937:Multiculturalism
5882:Environmentalism
5857:Communitarianism
5564:
5557:
5550:
5541:
5540:
5527:
5526:
5354:
5255:Mexican-American
5183:
5182:
5174:
5173:
5161:
5160:
4962:
4905:Business magnate
4795:Knowledge worker
4680:
4679:
4568:dual or multiple
4531:
4530:
4518:
4517:
4472:Social exclusion
4467:Social cleansing
4381:
4331:
4330:
4320:Economic classes
4281:
4274:
4267:
4258:
4257:
4253:
4251:
4250:
4244:
4237:
4228:
4219:Zalta, Edward N.
4187:
4173:
4161:
4118:
4105:
4063:
4044:
4035:
4016:
3997:
3988:
3979:
3942:
3923:
3901:
3879:
3867:
3856:
3820:
3808:
3784:
3759:
3738:
3709:
3680:
3659:
3638:
3618:
3589:
3588:
3572:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3554:(4): 1525â1530.
3536:
3530:
3529:
3509:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3499:
3490:. Archived from
3484:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3474:
3459:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3434:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3424:
3413:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3403:
3397:
3390:
3382:
3376:
3370:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3354:
3346:
3340:
3336:
3330:
3327:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3316:
3302:
3293:
3290:
3284:
3268:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3258:
3244:
3238:
3237:
3213:
3202:
3201:
3181:
3168:
3167:
3147:
3141:
3140:
3120:
3114:
3113:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3069:
3045:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3035:
3020:
3014:
3013:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2952:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2941:
2935:www.marxists.org
2927:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2910:www.marxists.org
2902:
2896:
2895:
2884:
2878:
2877:
2866:
2860:
2859:
2848:
2842:
2841:
2840:. U.S. Congress.
2830:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2756:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2730:
2724:
2718:
2712:
2706:
2700:
2694:
2688:
2682:
2673:
2672:
2652:
2641:
2635:
2626:
2620:
2611:
2605:
2599:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2568:
2557:
2550:
2544:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2511:
2502:
2501:
2479:
2468:
2462:
2429:
2428:
2408:
2393:
2387:
2381:
2375:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2315:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2299:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2204:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2159:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2144:
2125:
2114:
2113:
2107:
2106:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2015:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1967:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1949:
1935:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1915:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1826:
1811:
1792:
1778:
1436:Irish Free State
1405:Governor-General
1223:Civic engagement
1186:right, and wrong
1174:military service
1136:Different senses
1063:member republics
974:Native Americans
946:US Supreme Court
823:medieval commune
796:
724:
699:Geoffrey Hosking
554:
547:
543:
540:
534:
511:
503:
442:
439:
421:
414:
358:. Historically,
348:disfranchisement
283:
276:
269:
243:Voluntary return
156:Lost citizenship
37:
36:
21:
7473:
7472:
7468:
7467:
7466:
7464:
7463:
7462:
7458:Immigration law
7448:Human migration
7433:
7432:
7431:
7426:
7413:
7402:Totalitarianism
7263:
7258:
7248:
7238:
7228:
7218:
7208:
7198:
7188:
7178:
7168:
7158:
7148:
7138:
7128:
7118:
7108:
7098:
7088:
7078:
7075:Treatise on Law
7068:
7058:
7048:
7028:
6686:
6680:
6419:
6413:
6299:
6293:
6212:
6115:
6101:State of nature
6096:Social contract
6076:Ordered liberty
6064:Noblesse oblige
5981:
5815:
5744:
5573:
5568:
5538:
5533:
5507:
5456:
5344:
5316:
5283:
5267:Underprivileged
5209:
5168:
5167:
5143:
5073:
5030:
4990:
4972:
4891:
4809:
4769:
4671:
4626:
4525:
4524:
4508:
4487:Social position
4477:Social mobility
4375:
4325:
4296:
4295:
4285:
4248:
4246:
4242:
4235:
4231:
4203:Wayback Machine
4154:
4153:
4152:
4137:
4136:
4132:
4125:
4060:
4032:
4013:
3968:
3939:
3920:
3898:
3876:
3853:
3805:
3781:
3756:
3727:
3706:
3677:
3656:
3636:
3615:
3597:
3595:Further reading
3592:
3573:
3569:
3537:
3533:
3510:
3506:
3497:
3495:
3486:
3485:
3481:
3472:
3470:
3461:
3460:
3456:
3447:
3445:
3436:
3435:
3431:
3422:
3420:
3415:
3414:
3410:
3401:
3399:
3395:
3388:
3384:
3383:
3379:
3373:Murray v Parkes
3371:
3367:
3359:
3352:
3348:
3347:
3343:
3337:
3333:
3328:
3324:
3314:
3312:
3304:
3303:
3296:
3291:
3287:
3269:
3265:
3256:
3254:
3246:
3245:
3241:
3234:
3214:
3205:
3198:
3182:
3171:
3164:
3148:
3144:
3121:
3117:
3107:
3087:
3083:
3046:
3042:
3033:
3031:
3021:
3017:
3004:
3003:
2999:
2989:
2987:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2964:
2962:
2954:
2953:
2949:
2939:
2937:
2929:
2928:
2924:
2914:
2912:
2904:
2903:
2899:
2886:
2885:
2881:
2868:
2867:
2863:
2850:
2849:
2845:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2817:
2815:
2806:
2805:
2801:
2791:
2789:
2780:
2779:
2775:
2765:
2763:
2758:
2757:
2753:
2743:
2741:
2732:
2731:
2727:
2719:
2715:
2707:
2703:
2695:
2691:
2683:
2676:
2669:
2653:
2644:
2636:
2629:
2621:
2614:
2606:
2602:
2594:
2590:
2583:
2569:
2560:
2551:
2547:
2539:
2535:
2528:
2512:
2505:
2498:
2480:
2471:
2463:
2432:
2425:
2409:
2396:
2388:
2384:
2376:
2372:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2342:
2338:
2328:
2326:
2317:
2316:
2312:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2293:
2292:
2288:
2279:
2277:
2267:
2263:
2232:
2228:
2221:
2205:
2198:
2189:
2187:
2180:
2160:
2151:
2142:
2140:
2127:
2126:
2117:
2104:
2102:
2095:
2071:
2067:
2058:
2056:
2049:
2025:
2021:
2013:
2011:
2009:
1991:
1987:
1965:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1947:
1945:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1913:
1911:
1896:
1892:
1883:
1881:
1872:
1871:
1867:
1860:
1837:
1833:
1824:
1822:
1812:
1805:
1801:
1796:
1795:
1779:
1775:
1770:
1708:
1671:
1600:
1583:
1567:
1561:
1542:, as well as a
1488:
1482:
1460:in 1948 in the
1363:
1357:
1341:
1335:
1294:
1288:
1275:
1269:
1225:
1146:social contract
1138:
1118:
1112:
1080:(or so-called "
1071:
1043:
1037:
913:
907:
895:
871:
849:had a range of
815:
797:
793:J. G. A. Pocock
791:
772:
766:
725:
722:
649:Giorgio Agamben
645:
639:
632:
614:the community.
611:
579:Citizenship by
555:
544:
538:
535:
524:
512:
501:
496:
495:
474:sovereign state
460:
452:
443:
437:
434:
427:needs expansion
412:
378:, particularly
298:sovereign state
287:
253:Right of return
198:Criminalization
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7471:
7461:
7460:
7455:
7450:
7445:
7428:
7427:
7425:
7424:
7418:
7415:
7414:
7412:
7411:
7404:
7399:
7394:
7392:Social justice
7389:
7384:
7379:
7374:
7369:
7368:
7367:
7362:
7357:
7347:
7342:
7337:
7332:
7327:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7300:Egalitarianism
7297:
7292:
7290:Contractualism
7287:
7282:
7277:
7271:
7269:
7265:
7264:
7262:
7261:
7251:
7241:
7231:
7221:
7211:
7201:
7191:
7181:
7171:
7161:
7151:
7141:
7131:
7121:
7111:
7101:
7091:
7081:
7071:
7061:
7051:
7040:
7038:
7034:
7033:
7030:
7029:
7027:
7026:
7021:
7016:
7011:
7006:
7001:
6996:
6991:
6986:
6981:
6976:
6971:
6966:
6961:
6956:
6951:
6946:
6941:
6936:
6931:
6926:
6921:
6916:
6911:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6876:
6871:
6866:
6861:
6856:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6736:
6731:
6726:
6721:
6716:
6711:
6706:
6701:
6696:
6690:
6688:
6682:
6681:
6679:
6678:
6673:
6668:
6663:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6638:
6633:
6628:
6623:
6618:
6613:
6608:
6603:
6598:
6593:
6588:
6583:
6578:
6573:
6568:
6563:
6558:
6557:
6556:
6546:
6541:
6540:
6539:
6529:
6524:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6449:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6429:
6423:
6421:
6415:
6414:
6412:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6381:
6376:
6371:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6355:
6354:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6303:
6301:
6295:
6294:
6292:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6276:
6271:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6251:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6220:
6218:
6214:
6213:
6211:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6190:
6185:
6184:
6183:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6132:
6130:
6123:
6117:
6116:
6114:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6086:Overton window
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6004:
5995:
5989:
5987:
5983:
5982:
5980:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5917:Libertarianism
5914:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5823:
5821:
5817:
5816:
5814:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5752:
5750:
5746:
5745:
5743:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5581:
5579:
5575:
5574:
5567:
5566:
5559:
5552:
5544:
5535:
5534:
5532:
5531:
5520:
5517:
5516:
5513:
5512:
5509:
5508:
5506:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5488:Ottoman Empire
5485:
5480:
5475:
5473:Ancient Greece
5470:
5464:
5462:
5458:
5457:
5455:
5454:
5449:
5447:United Kingdom
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5358:
5356:
5350:
5349:
5346:
5345:
5343:
5342:
5340:Home-ownership
5337:
5332:
5326:
5324:
5318:
5317:
5315:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5293:
5291:
5285:
5284:
5282:
5281:
5280:
5279:
5274:
5264:
5263:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5242:
5241:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5219:
5217:
5211:
5210:
5208:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5195:American Dream
5192:
5186:
5180:
5170:
5169:
5157:
5156:
5153:
5152:
5149:
5148:
5145:
5144:
5142:
5141:
5136:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5108:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5083:
5081:
5075:
5074:
5072:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5040:
5038:
5032:
5031:
5029:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5012:
5011:
5000:
4998:
4992:
4991:
4989:
4988:
4982:
4980:
4974:
4973:
4971:
4970:
4963:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4938:
4937:
4932:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4901:
4899:
4893:
4892:
4890:
4889:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4819:
4817:
4811:
4810:
4808:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4791:
4790:
4779:
4777:
4771:
4770:
4768:
4767:
4762:
4761:
4760:
4755:
4754:
4753:
4738:
4737:
4736:
4731:
4723:
4722:
4721:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4700:
4699:
4688:
4686:
4677:
4673:
4672:
4670:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4638:
4636:
4628:
4627:
4625:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4607:Migrant worker
4604:
4599:
4598:
4597:
4587:
4586:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4560:
4559:
4558:
4553:
4543:
4537:
4535:
4527:
4526:
4523:By demographic
4514:
4513:
4510:
4509:
4507:
4506:
4503:Status Anxiety
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4457:Ranked society
4454:
4449:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4399:Class conflict
4396:
4391:
4385:
4383:
4382: topics
4377:
4376:
4374:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4356:Mudsill theory
4353:
4348:
4343:
4337:
4335:
4327:
4326:
4324:
4323:
4316:
4309:
4301:
4298:
4297:
4294:
4293:
4287:
4284:
4283:
4276:
4269:
4261:
4255:
4254:
4229:
4210:
4205:
4193:
4181:
4167:
4151:
4150:
4145:
4139:
4138:
4127:
4126:
4124:
4123:External links
4121:
4120:
4119:
4106:
4086:10.1086/293065
4080:(2): 250â274.
4064:
4058:
4045:
4036:
4030:
4017:
4011:
3998:
3989:
3980:
3966:
3943:
3937:
3924:
3918:
3906:Kymlicka, Will
3902:
3896:
3880:
3874:
3857:
3851:
3839:Carens, Joseph
3835:
3821:
3809:
3803:
3786:
3785:
3779:
3760:
3754:
3739:
3725:
3710:
3704:
3681:
3675:
3660:
3654:
3639:
3634:
3619:
3613:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3590:
3567:
3531:
3514:Constellations
3504:
3479:
3454:
3429:
3408:
3377:
3365:
3341:
3331:
3322:
3294:
3285:
3263:
3239:
3232:
3203:
3196:
3169:
3162:
3142:
3115:
3105:
3081:
3040:
3015:
2997:
2972:
2947:
2922:
2897:
2879:
2861:
2843:
2825:
2799:
2773:
2751:
2740:. July 4, 1997
2725:
2713:
2701:
2689:
2674:
2667:
2642:
2627:
2612:
2600:
2588:
2581:
2558:
2545:
2533:
2526:
2503:
2496:
2488:Recorded Books
2469:
2430:
2423:
2394:
2382:
2370:
2356:
2336:
2310:
2286:
2261:
2242:(3): 466â489.
2226:
2219:
2196:
2178:
2149:
2115:
2093:
2065:
2047:
2019:
2007:
1985:
1954:
1920:
1890:
1865:
1858:
1831:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1707:
1704:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1665:
1654:
1646:
1635:
1608:United Kingdom
1599:
1598:United Kingdom
1596:
1582:
1579:
1563:Main article:
1560:
1557:
1484:Main article:
1481:
1478:
1440:Irish citizens
1429:United Kingdom
1420:
1419:
1416:
1413:Prime Minister
1397:
1386:
1359:Main article:
1356:
1353:
1337:Main article:
1334:
1331:
1290:Main article:
1287:
1286:European Union
1284:
1268:
1265:
1219:
1218:
1209:
1208:
1137:
1134:
1114:Main article:
1111:
1108:
1070:
1067:
1039:Main article:
1036:
1033:
909:Main article:
906:
903:
894:
891:
870:
867:
814:
811:
789:
768:Main article:
765:
762:
720:
707:ancient Greece
703:Modern Scholar
669:ancient Greece
641:Main article:
638:
633:
628:Main article:
610:
607:
606:
605:
593:Gulf countries
584:
577:
566:
557:
556:
515:
513:
506:
500:
497:
461:
453:
451:
448:
445:
444:
438:September 2024
424:
422:
411:
408:
344:discriminatory
289:
288:
286:
285:
278:
271:
263:
260:
259:
258:
257:
256:
255:
250:
240:
235:
230:
225:
220:
215:
213:Foreign worker
210:
205:
200:
195:
194:
193:
180:
179:
173:
172:
171:
170:
169:
168:
163:
153:
148:
147:
146:
141:
136:
129:Naturalization
126:
125:
124:
119:
114:
101:
100:
94:
93:
92:
91:
90:
89:
77:
70:
69:
68:
55:
54:
48:
47:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7470:
7459:
7456:
7454:
7451:
7449:
7446:
7444:
7441:
7440:
7438:
7423:
7420:
7419:
7416:
7410:
7409:
7405:
7403:
7400:
7398:
7395:
7393:
7390:
7388:
7385:
7383:
7380:
7378:
7375:
7373:
7370:
7366:
7363:
7361:
7358:
7356:
7353:
7352:
7351:
7348:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7325:Jurisprudence
7323:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7293:
7291:
7288:
7286:
7283:
7281:
7278:
7276:
7273:
7272:
7270:
7266:
7257:
7256:
7252:
7247:
7246:
7242:
7237:
7236:
7232:
7227:
7226:
7222:
7217:
7216:
7212:
7207:
7206:
7202:
7197:
7196:
7192:
7187:
7186:
7182:
7177:
7176:
7172:
7167:
7166:
7162:
7157:
7156:
7155:Rights of Man
7152:
7147:
7146:
7142:
7137:
7136:
7132:
7127:
7126:
7122:
7117:
7116:
7112:
7107:
7106:
7102:
7097:
7096:
7092:
7087:
7086:
7082:
7077:
7076:
7072:
7067:
7066:
7065:De re publica
7062:
7057:
7056:
7052:
7047:
7046:
7042:
7041:
7039:
7035:
7025:
7022:
7020:
7017:
7015:
7012:
7010:
7007:
7005:
7002:
7000:
6997:
6995:
6992:
6990:
6987:
6985:
6982:
6980:
6977:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6960:
6957:
6955:
6952:
6950:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6920:
6917:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6692:
6691:
6689:
6685:20th and 21st
6683:
6677:
6674:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6632:
6629:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6579:
6577:
6574:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6559:
6555:
6552:
6551:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6538:
6535:
6534:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6495:
6493:
6490:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6458:
6455:
6453:
6450:
6448:
6445:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6424:
6422:
6418:18th and 19th
6416:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6353:
6350:
6349:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6304:
6302:
6296:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6274:Nizam al-Mulk
6272:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6221:
6219:
6215:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6182:
6179:
6178:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6133:
6131:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6118:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6066:
6065:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6002:
6001:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5990:
5988:
5984:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5958:
5957:Republicanism
5955:
5953:
5950:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5824:
5822:
5818:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5753:
5751:
5747:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5582:
5580:
5576:
5572:
5565:
5560:
5558:
5553:
5551:
5546:
5545:
5542:
5530:
5522:
5521:
5518:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5465:
5463:
5459:
5453:
5452:United States
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5359:
5357:
5353:Other regions
5351:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5327:
5325:
5323:
5319:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5294:
5292:
5290:
5286:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5269:
5268:
5265:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5247:
5246:
5243:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5225:
5224:
5221:
5220:
5218:
5216:
5212:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5187:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5178:United States
5175:
5171:
5162:
5158:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5084:
5082:
5080:
5076:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5041:
5039:
5037:
5033:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5010:
5007:
5006:
5005:
5002:
5001:
4999:
4997:
4993:
4987:
4984:
4983:
4981:
4979:
4975:
4969:
4968:
4964:
4961:
4960:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4927:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4902:
4900:
4898:
4894:
4888:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4820:
4818:
4816:
4812:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4789:
4786:
4785:
4784:
4781:
4780:
4778:
4776:
4772:
4766:
4763:
4759:
4756:
4752:
4749:
4748:
4747:
4744:
4743:
4742:
4739:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4726:
4724:
4720:
4717:
4716:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4698:
4695:
4694:
4693:
4690:
4689:
4687:
4685:
4681:
4678:
4674:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4629:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4617:Socioeconomic
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4596:
4593:
4592:
4591:
4588:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4565:
4564:
4561:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4548:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4538:
4536:
4532:
4528:
4519:
4515:
4505:
4504:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4492:Social stigma
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4482:Social orphan
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4447:
4442:
4441:
4440:Nouveau riche
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4414:Class traitor
4412:
4410:
4409:Class society
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4386:
4384:
4378:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4346:Gilbert model
4344:
4342:
4339:
4338:
4336:
4332:
4328:
4322:
4321:
4317:
4315:
4314:
4310:
4308:
4307:
4303:
4302:
4299:
4292:
4289:
4288:
4282:
4277:
4275:
4270:
4268:
4263:
4262:
4259:
4245:on 2006-04-04
4241:
4234:
4230:
4226:
4225:
4220:
4216:
4215:"Citizenship"
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4200:
4197:
4194:
4191:
4186:
4182:
4180:at Wiktionary
4179:
4178:
4172:
4168:
4165:
4160:
4156:
4155:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4116:
4112:
4111:"Citizenship"
4107:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4087:
4083:
4079:
4075:
4074:
4069:
4065:
4061:
4055:
4051:
4046:
4042:
4037:
4033:
4027:
4023:
4018:
4014:
4008:
4004:
3999:
3995:
3990:
3986:
3981:
3977:
3973:
3969:
3967:9781003300892
3963:
3959:
3955:
3952:. Routledge.
3951:
3950:
3944:
3940:
3934:
3930:
3925:
3921:
3915:
3911:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3897:9780812247176
3893:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3871:
3868:. NYU Press.
3866:
3865:
3858:
3854:
3848:
3844:
3840:
3836:
3834:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3818:
3814:
3810:
3806:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3788:
3787:
3782:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3767:
3761:
3757:
3755:9780262537797
3751:
3747:
3746:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3726:9780691138282
3722:
3718:
3717:
3711:
3707:
3705:9781139343282
3701:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3688:
3682:
3678:
3676:9783031343575
3672:
3668:
3667:
3661:
3657:
3655:9780822362913
3651:
3647:
3646:
3640:
3637:
3631:
3627:
3626:
3620:
3616:
3610:
3606:
3605:
3599:
3598:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3571:
3562:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3541:
3535:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3508:
3494:on 2007-09-11
3493:
3489:
3483:
3469:on 2011-05-04
3468:
3464:
3458:
3443:
3439:
3433:
3418:
3412:
3398:on 2013-09-28
3394:
3387:
3381:
3374:
3369:
3358:
3351:
3345:
3335:
3326:
3311:
3307:
3301:
3299:
3289:
3282:
3278:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3253:
3249:
3243:
3235:
3233:9780415102452
3229:
3225:
3221:
3220:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3199:
3193:
3189:
3188:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3165:
3159:
3155:
3154:
3146:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3119:
3112:
3108:
3102:
3098:
3097:
3092:
3085:
3077:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3044:
3030:
3026:
3019:
3011:
3007:
3001:
2986:
2982:
2976:
2961:
2957:
2951:
2936:
2932:
2926:
2911:
2907:
2901:
2893:
2889:
2883:
2875:
2871:
2865:
2857:
2853:
2847:
2839:
2835:
2829:
2813:
2809:
2803:
2787:
2783:
2777:
2761:
2755:
2739:
2735:
2729:
2722:
2717:
2710:
2705:
2699:, p. 46.
2698:
2693:
2687:, p. 44.
2686:
2681:
2679:
2670:
2664:
2660:
2659:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2640:, p. 38.
2639:
2634:
2632:
2625:, p. 37.
2624:
2619:
2617:
2610:, p. 36.
2609:
2604:
2598:, p. 35.
2597:
2592:
2584:
2578:
2574:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2555:
2549:
2543:, p. 33.
2542:
2537:
2529:
2523:
2519:
2518:
2510:
2508:
2499:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2466:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2426:
2420:
2416:
2415:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2391:
2386:
2380:, p. 32.
2379:
2374:
2359:
2353:
2349:
2348:
2340:
2325:. 5 July 2021
2324:
2320:
2314:
2296:
2290:
2276:
2272:
2265:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2230:
2222:
2216:
2212:
2211:
2203:
2201:
2185:
2181:
2179:9783110971965
2175:
2171:
2170:
2165:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2112:
2100:
2096:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2081:
2076:
2069:
2054:
2050:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2023:
2010:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1989:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1972:
1964:
1958:
1943:
1939:
1932:
1931:
1924:
1910:on 2014-09-25
1909:
1905:
1901:
1894:
1879:
1875:
1869:
1861:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1846:
1841:
1840:Irving, Helen
1835:
1821:
1817:
1816:"Citizenship"
1810:
1808:
1803:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1777:
1773:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1703:
1700:
1699:Joseph Carens
1696:
1693:, especially
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1595:
1593:
1588:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1566:
1556:
1553:
1549:
1548:constitutions
1545:
1541:
1537:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1505:
1501:
1492:
1487:
1477:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1432:
1430:
1425:
1417:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1401:civil service
1398:
1395:
1394:right to vote
1391:
1387:
1384:
1380:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1367:
1362:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1340:
1330:
1328:
1323:
1320:
1314:
1309:
1308:stated that:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1293:
1283:
1280:
1274:
1267:International
1264:
1262:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1216:
1215:public sphere
1211:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1201:human dignity
1198:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1165:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1133:
1131:
1130:
1125:
1124:
1123:jus sanguinis
1117:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1042:
1032:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1009:
1007:
1006:
1001:
1000:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
970:
968:
964:
960:
955:
953:
952:
947:
942:
940:
939:United States
936:
932:
924:
923:
917:
912:
905:United States
902:
900:
890:
888:
884:
883:republicanism
880:
876:
866:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
843:
840:
836:
832:
831:grand burgher
828:
824:
820:
810:
807:
803:
794:
788:
783:
781:
777:
771:
761:
758:
753:
748:
747:ancient Greek
744:
740:
730:
719:
714:
712:
708:
704:
700:
695:
693:
692:
686:
683:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
659:in the book,
658:
654:
650:
644:
637:
631:
626:
622:
620:
615:
602:
598:
594:
590:
585:
582:
578:
575:
571:
567:
564:
563:
562:
553:
550:
542:
539:November 2019
532:
528:
522:
521:
516:This section
514:
510:
505:
504:
492:
490:
489:social rights
486:
481:
479:
475:
471:
467:
458:
441:
432:
428:
425:This section
423:
420:
416:
415:
407:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
350:and outright
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
324:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
301:
299:
295:
284:
279:
277:
272:
270:
265:
264:
262:
261:
254:
251:
249:
246:
245:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
192:
189:
188:
187:
184:
183:
182:
181:
178:
175:
174:
167:
164:
162:
161:denaturalized
159:
158:
157:
154:
152:
149:
145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
132:
131:
130:
127:
123:
122:transnational
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
109:
108:
105:
104:
103:
102:
99:
96:
95:
88:
87:Birth tourism
85:
84:
83:
82:
78:
76:
75:
74:Jus sanguinis
71:
67:
64:
63:
62:
59:
58:
57:
56:
53:
50:
49:
46:
42:
39:
38:
33:
19:
7406:
7305:Elite theory
7253:
7243:
7233:
7223:
7213:
7203:
7193:
7183:
7173:
7163:
7153:
7143:
7133:
7123:
7113:
7103:
7093:
7083:
7073:
7063:
7053:
7043:
6342:Guicciardini
6298:Early modern
6121:Philosophers
6071:Open society
6007:Body politic
5877:Distributism
5867:Conservatism
5862:Confucianism
5781:Gerontocracy
5771:Dictatorship
5725:Sovereigntyâ
5715:Ruling class
5605:Emancipation
5590:Citizenshipâ
5589:
5503:Soviet Union
5478:Ancient Rome
5335:Homelessness
5260:Upper Middle
5132: /
5113: /
5104: /
5069:Working poor
4965:
4952:Robber baron
4775:Intellectual
4765:Royal family
4729:Ancient Rome
4583:second-class
4562:
4501:
4444:
4443: /
4438:
4434:High society
4341:Elite theory
4318:
4311:
4304:
4291:Social class
4247:. Retrieved
4240:the original
4222:
4176:
4166:at Wikiquote
4133:
4114:
4077:
4071:
4049:
4040:
4021:
4002:
3994:Basic Rights
3993:
3984:
3948:
3928:
3909:
3887:
3863:
3842:
3824:
3816:
3813:Brooks, Thom
3794:
3770:
3765:
3744:
3715:
3686:
3665:
3644:
3624:
3603:
3584:
3580:
3570:
3551:
3547:
3534:
3520:(1): 71â86.
3517:
3513:
3507:
3496:. Retrieved
3492:the original
3482:
3471:. Retrieved
3467:the original
3457:
3446:. Retrieved
3442:the original
3432:
3421:. Retrieved
3411:
3400:. Retrieved
3393:the original
3380:
3372:
3368:
3344:
3334:
3325:
3313:. Retrieved
3309:
3288:
3275:
3266:
3255:. Retrieved
3251:
3242:
3223:
3218:
3186:
3152:
3145:
3131:(1): 21â39.
3128:
3124:
3118:
3110:
3095:
3084:
3057:
3053:
3043:
3032:. Retrieved
3028:
3018:
3009:
3000:
2988:. Retrieved
2984:
2975:
2963:. Retrieved
2959:
2950:
2938:. Retrieved
2934:
2925:
2913:. Retrieved
2909:
2900:
2891:
2882:
2873:
2864:
2855:
2846:
2837:
2828:
2818:21 September
2816:. Retrieved
2811:
2802:
2792:21 September
2790:. Retrieved
2785:
2776:
2766:21 September
2764:. Retrieved
2754:
2744:21 September
2742:. Retrieved
2737:
2728:
2723:, p. 3.
2716:
2704:
2692:
2657:
2603:
2591:
2572:
2548:
2536:
2516:
2483:
2413:
2392:, p. 4.
2385:
2373:
2361:. Retrieved
2346:
2339:
2327:. Retrieved
2322:
2313:
2301:. Retrieved
2289:
2278:. Retrieved
2274:
2264:
2239:
2235:
2229:
2209:
2188:. Retrieved
2168:
2141:. Retrieved
2132:
2109:
2103:. Retrieved
2079:
2068:
2057:. Retrieved
2033:
2022:
2012:, retrieved
1998:
1988:
1969:
1957:
1946:. Retrieved
1929:
1923:
1912:. Retrieved
1908:the original
1903:
1893:
1882:. Retrieved
1880:. 2011-08-23
1877:
1868:
1844:
1834:
1823:. Retrieved
1819:
1788:
1784:
1781:Helen Irving
1776:
1727:Credit score
1722:Civic virtue
1691:libertarians
1675:open borders
1672:
1616:human rights
1601:
1584:
1568:
1533:
1529:hembygdsrÀtt
1528:
1497:
1447:
1433:
1421:
1372:
1355:Commonwealth
1342:
1324:
1316:
1313:citizenship.
1311:
1295:
1276:
1246:
1231:
1227:
1226:
1194:
1166:
1162:
1139:
1127:
1121:
1119:
1105:
1102:
1094:
1072:
1069:Nazi Germany
1044:
1021:
1010:
1003:
997:
971:
956:
949:
943:
928:
920:
896:
893:Modern times
889:and duties.
872:
844:
834:
816:
799:
785:
776:Roman Empire
773:
738:
735:
716:
702:
701:in his 2005
696:
689:
687:
676:
660:
646:
635:
623:
616:
612:
560:
545:
536:
525:Please help
520:verification
517:
485:civil rights
482:
462:
435:
431:adding to it
426:
402:, while the
388:social class
325:
315:to refer to
312:
302:
293:
292:
106:
79:
72:
41:Legal status
7443:Citizenship
7179:(1835â1840)
7059:(c. 350 BC)
7049:(c. 375 BC)
6666:Tocqueville
6631:Saint-Simon
6596:Montesquieu
6447:Bolingbroke
6379:Machiavelli
6259:Ibn Khaldun
6224:Alpharabius
6217:Middle Ages
6042:Natural law
6017:Common good
5942:Nationalism
5902:Imperialism
5872:Corporatism
5847:Colonialism
5827:Agrarianism
5806:Technocracy
5786:Meritocracy
5766:Bureaucracy
5756:Aristocracy
5422:New Zealand
5139:Untouchable
5064:Proletariat
5054:Pea-pickers
5004:Bourgeoisie
4692:Aristocracy
4578:naturalized
4573:native-born
4190:Citizenship
4177:citizenship
4164:Citizenship
4134:Citizenship
3819:. Biteback.
3745:Citizenship
3375:All ER 123.
3252:civiced.org
3029:uk.diplo.de
2721:Zarrow 1997
2638:Pocock 1998
2623:Pocock 1998
2608:Pocock 1998
2596:Pocock 1998
2541:Pocock 1998
2465:Heater 2004
2390:Zarrow 1997
2378:Pocock 1998
1789:citizenship
1742:Nationalism
1480:Subnational
1470:New Zealand
1258:sociologist
1184:, ideas of
1002:(1922) and
875:Renaissance
873:During the
869:Renaissance
859:aristocracy
839:bourgeoisie
819:Middle Ages
813:Middle Ages
764:Roman ideas
665:city-states
396:bourgeoisie
360:populations
346:laws, like
317:nationality
313:citizenship
305:nationality
294:Citizenship
177:Immigration
107:Citizenship
98:Nationality
7453:Government
7437:Categories
7387:Separatism
7195:On Liberty
7095:The Prince
6824:Huntington
6327:Campanella
6254:al-Ghazali
6203:Thucydides
6161:Lactantius
6106:Statolatry
5932:Monarchism
5912:Liberalism
5837:Capitalism
5820:Ideologies
5801:Plutocracy
5749:Government
5705:Revolution
5690:Propaganda
5640:Legitimacy
5615:Government
5412:Luxembourg
5302:Inequality
4967:Superclass
4758:Hereditary
4734:Post-Roman
4725:Patrician
4595:adolescent
4419:Classicide
4249:2007-03-07
3976:1381208006
3735:j.ctt7s254
3498:2007-08-09
3473:2007-06-09
3448:2007-06-09
3423:2009-02-02
3402:2012-01-19
3257:2023-05-06
3034:2022-05-31
2838:Wikisource
2709:Weber 1998
2697:Weber 1998
2685:Weber 1998
2467:, p.
2280:2023-05-06
2190:2016-05-06
2143:2020-07-07
2105:2016-05-06
2059:2016-05-06
2014:2023-11-27
1948:2020-07-16
1914:2013-04-23
1884:2023-10-03
1825:2023-10-03
1799:References
1785:allegiance
1540:California
1271:See also:
1017:New Mexico
851:privileges
837:) and the
835:GroĂbĂŒrger
697:Historian
691:Homo Sacer
661:Homo Sacer
450:Definition
208:Expatriate
61:Birthplace
52:Birthright
7105:Leviathan
7085:Monarchia
7079:(c. 1274)
6914:Oakeshott
6859:Mansfield
6854:Luxemburg
6839:Kropotkin
6734:Bernstein
6687:centuries
6601:Nietzsche
6544:Jefferson
6472:Condorcet
6420:centuries
6399:Pufendorf
6264:Marsilius
6151:Confucius
6136:Aristotle
6129:Antiquity
6057:Noble lie
5977:Third Way
5972:Socialism
5897:Feudalism
5852:Communism
5832:Anarchism
5811:Theocracy
5796:Oligarchy
5776:Democracy
5761:Autocracy
5675:Pluralism
5660:Obedience
5625:Hierarchy
5585:Authority
5437:Sri Lanka
5330:Education
5297:Household
5190:Affluence
5125:Rat tribe
5087:Ant tribe
5059:Precariat
5044:Lazzaroni
4986:Bohemians
4947:Overclass
4942:Old money
4878:Spartiate
4853:Kshatriya
4843:Hashashin
4800:Professor
4741:Political
4714:Oligarchy
4704:Hanseaten
4622:Stateless
4602:Convicted
4534:By status
4497:Subaltern
4429:Euthenics
4361:New class
3076:145476893
2256:1745-7289
1980:1813-2278
1687:apartheid
1669:Criticism
1612:democracy
1559:Education
1504:residency
1466:dominions
1422:Although
1409:President
1319:EC Treaty
1190:ethnicity
855:commoners
802:patrician
757:Aristotle
478:stateless
376:republics
352:apartheid
166:renounced
18:Citizenry
7360:Centrism
7055:Politics
7045:Republic
7014:Voegelin
6994:Spengler
6979:Shariati
6954:Rothbard
6909:Nussbaum
6809:Habermas
6784:Fukuyama
6774:Foucault
6699:Ambedkar
6676:Voltaire
6646:de Staël
6621:Rousseau
6502:Franklin
6477:Constant
6437:Beccaria
6269:Muhammad
6249:Gelasius
6234:Averroes
6208:Xenophon
6188:Polybius
6141:Chanakya
5986:Concepts
5952:Populism
5922:Localism
5907:Islamism
5892:Feminism
5791:Monarchy
5695:Property
5685:Progress
5650:Monopoly
5620:Hegemony
5529:Category
5461:Historic
5382:Colombia
5372:Cambodia
5307:Personal
5205:Mobility
5134:Freedman
5120:Plebeian
5106:Prisoner
5092:Commoner
4978:Creative
4959:Seigneur
4925:Nobility
4883:Vanniyar
4868:Pendekar
4828:Cossacks
4462:Snobbery
4334:Theories
4199:Archived
4102:54215809
4052:. Sage.
3908:(1995).
3841:(2000).
3815:(2016).
3793:(2008).
3542:(2020).
3357:Archived
2275:keypoint
2184:Archived
2137:Archived
2099:Archived
2053:Archived
1842:(2022).
1706:See also
1650:Scottish
1546:. State
1536:New York
1464:. Other
1390:resident
1345:Mercosur
1333:Mercosur
1182:religion
1129:jus soli
847:nobility
833:(German
806:plebeian
790:â
721:â
653:Foucault
386:and the
364:subjects
340:passport
134:Ius Doni
117:multiple
81:Jus soli
7397:Statism
7310:Elitism
7268:Related
7069:(51 BC)
6999:Strauss
6974:Scruton
6969:Schmitt
6959:Russell
6879:Michels
6874:Maurras
6869:Marcuse
6829:Kautsky
6799:Gramsci
6794:Gentile
6764:Dworkin
6754:Du Bois
6749:Dmowski
6744:Chomsky
6739:Burnham
6724:Benoist
6694:Agamben
6661:Thoreau
6651:Stirner
6641:Spencer
6586:Mazzini
6576:Maistre
6571:Madison
6566:Le Play
6497:Fourier
6462:Carlyle
6442:Bentham
6432:Bastiat
6427:Bakunin
6404:Spinoza
6394:MĂŒntzer
6364:Leibniz
6337:Grotius
6317:Bossuet
6284:Plethon
6229:Aquinas
6198:Sun Tzu
6166:Mencius
6156:Han Fei
5927:Marxism
5887:Fascism
5720:Society
5645:Liberty
5630:Justice
5610:Freedom
5432:Romania
5427:Nigeria
5312:Poverty
5215:Classes
5200:History
5111:Peasant
5097:Outcast
5036:Working
5016:Burgher
4873:Samurai
4863:OcÄlĆtl
4823:Chhetri
4815:Warrior
4805:Scholar
4719:Russian
4709:Magnate
4697:Aristoi
4676:By type
4563:Citizen
4556:refugee
4452:Poverty
4446:Parvenu
4380:Related
4351:Marxian
4313:Stratum
4221:(ed.).
4094:2381434
3339:163-184
2363:8 March
1752:Peoples
1653:issues.
1632:A level
1624:England
1525:Finland
1513:commune
1424:Ireland
1238:country
1178:freedom
1055:soviets
827:burgher
787:person.
774:In the
739:politÄs
711:freedom
601:Islamic
410:History
392:burgher
390:of the
384:civitas
233:Refugee
218:Illegal
112:missing
45:persons
7259:(1992)
7249:(1971)
7239:(1951)
7229:(1945)
7219:(1944)
7209:(1929)
7199:(1859)
7189:(1848)
7169:(1820)
7159:(1791)
7149:(1790)
7139:(1762)
7129:(1748)
7119:(1689)
7109:(1651)
7099:(1532)
7089:(1313)
7019:Walzer
7009:Taylor
6964:Sartre
6929:Popper
6924:Pareto
6919:Ortega
6904:Nozick
6894:Mouffe
6844:Laclau
6804:Guénon
6789:Gandhi
6729:Berlin
6719:Bauman
6714:Badiou
6704:Arendt
6671:Tucker
6561:Le Bon
6522:Herder
6512:Haller
6507:Godwin
6492:Fichte
6487:Engels
6482:Cortés
6452:Bonald
6409:SuĂĄrez
6384:Milton
6374:Luther
6347:Hobbes
6332:Filmer
6322:Calvin
6307:Boétie
6300:period
6279:Ockham
6146:Cicero
5947:Nazism
5735:Utopia
5710:Rights
5700:Regime
5670:People
5655:Nation
5387:France
5367:Belize
5362:Africa
5289:Income
5245:Middle
5238:Gentry
5102:Outlaw
5009:Petite
4996:Middle
4930:Landed
4915:Gentry
4848:Knight
4788:Priest
4783:Clergy
4746:Family
4684:Ruling
4633:collar
4590:Clique
4306:Status
4131:about
4100:
4092:
4073:Ethics
4056:
4028:
4009:
3974:
3964:
3935:
3916:
3894:
3872:
3849:
3801:
3777:
3752:
3733:
3723:
3702:
3673:
3652:
3632:
3611:
3315:Mar 5,
3230:
3194:
3160:
3103:
3074:
2990:Mar 5,
2965:Mar 5,
2940:Mar 5,
2915:Mar 5,
2665:
2579:
2524:
2494:
2421:
2354:
2329:10 May
2303:10 May
2254:
2217:
2176:
2091:
2045:
2005:
1978:
1944:. 2005
1856:
1683:feudal
1517:canton
1254:rights
1250:duties
1170:family
1154:duties
1150:rights
1110:Israel
1078:German
1074:Nazism
992:, and
978:Asians
887:rights
879:guilds
853:above
795:, 1998
743:metics
400:people
372:cities
368:public
332:reside
7408:Index
7037:Works
7024:Weber
6989:Spann
6984:Sorel
6949:Röpke
6944:Rawls
6899:Negri
6889:Mosca
6884:Mises
6849:Lenin
6819:Hoppe
6814:Hayek
6779:Fromm
6769:Evola
6759:Dugin
6656:Taine
6636:Smith
6616:Renan
6611:Paine
6532:Iqbal
6517:Hegel
6467:Comte
6457:Burke
6369:Locke
6359:James
6312:Bodin
6244:Dante
6239:Bruni
6193:Shang
6176:Plato
5730:State
5680:Power
5665:Peace
5600:Elite
5578:Terms
5483:Aztec
5442:Tibet
5417:Nepal
5407:Italy
5397:India
5392:Haiti
5377:China
5277:Under
5272:Lower
5250:Black
5233:Donor
5228:Black
5223:Upper
5130:Slave
5079:Under
4935:Petty
4910:Elite
4897:Upper
4838:Harii
4833:CuÄuh
4667:White
4647:Green
4546:Alien
4389:Caste
4243:(PDF)
4236:(PDF)
4217:. In
4098:S2CID
4090:JSTOR
3731:JSTOR
3396:(PDF)
3389:(PDF)
3360:(PDF)
3353:(PDF)
3072:S2CID
2298:(PDF)
1966:(PDF)
1938:UNHCR
1934:(PDF)
1768:Notes
1685:, or
1679:caste
1662:GCSEs
1639:Wales
1521:Ă
land
1509:Swiss
1383:visas
1277:Some
1234:state
1158:China
1082:Aryan
948:case
857:(see
752:Egypt
682:Solon
677:Polis
643:Polis
636:Polis
597:Qatar
589:slave
191:Enemy
186:Alien
6939:Rand
6934:Qutb
6834:Kirk
6709:Aron
6626:Sade
6606:Owen
6591:Mill
6581:Marx
6549:Kant
6527:Hume
6389:More
6289:Wang
6171:Mozi
5595:Duty
5402:Iran
5115:Serf
4920:Lord
4858:Nair
4751:List
4662:Pink
4652:Grey
4642:Blue
4631:By "
4054:ISBN
4026:ISBN
4007:ISBN
3972:OCLC
3962:ISBN
3933:ISBN
3914:ISBN
3892:ISBN
3870:ISBN
3847:ISBN
3799:ISBN
3775:ISBN
3750:ISBN
3721:ISBN
3700:ISBN
3671:ISBN
3650:ISBN
3630:ISBN
3609:ISBN
3587:(2).
3317:2023
3228:ISBN
3192:ISBN
3158:ISBN
3101:ISBN
2992:2023
2967:2023
2942:2023
2917:2023
2820:2016
2794:2016
2768:2016
2746:2016
2663:ISBN
2577:ISBN
2552:See
2522:ISBN
2492:ISBN
2419:ISBN
2365:2023
2352:ISBN
2331:2023
2305:2023
2252:ISSN
2215:ISBN
2174:ISBN
2089:ISBN
2043:ISBN
2003:ISBN
1976:ISSN
1940:and
1854:ISBN
1630:and
1628:GCSE
1575:vote
1296:The
1252:and
1152:and
1059:USSR
1045:The
994:1924
990:1917
986:1906
673:laws
617:The
487:and
374:and
336:vote
334:and
328:work
144:Test
139:Oath
7004:Sun
6864:Mao
5740:War
5635:Law
4657:New
4082:doi
3954:doi
3829:doi
3692:doi
3556:doi
3522:doi
3133:doi
3062:doi
2244:doi
2085:278
2039:278
1942:IPU
1850:2-3
1637:In
1538:or
1411:or
1407:or
1236:or
1100:).
667:of
655:'s
529:by
433:.
394:or
370:of
223:Law
151:Law
43:of
7439::
4096:.
4088:.
4078:99
4076:.
3970:.
3960:.
3729:.
3698:.
3585:36
3583:.
3579:.
3552:18
3550:.
3546:.
3518:25
3516:.
3355:.
3308:.
3297:^
3279:,
3273:,
3250:.
3206:^
3172:^
3127:.
3109:.
3070:.
3058:18
3056:.
3052:.
3027:.
3008:.
2983:.
2958:.
2933:.
2908:.
2890:.
2872:.
2854:.
2836:.
2810:.
2784:.
2736:.
2677:^
2645:^
2630:^
2615:^
2561:^
2506:^
2472:^
2433:^
2397:^
2321:.
2273:.
2250:.
2240:34
2238:.
2199:^
2182:.
2152:^
2131:.
2118:^
2108:.
2097:.
2087:.
2051:.
2041:.
1997:,
1968:.
1936:.
1902:.
1876:.
1852:.
1818:.
1806:^
1681:,
1531:.
1527:,
1476:.
1431:.
1244:.
1188:,
1180:,
1172:,
988:,
976:,
829:,
675:.
491:.
480:.
330:,
300:.
5563:e
5556:t
5549:v
4885:/
4635:"
4280:e
4273:t
4266:v
4252:.
4227:.
4104:.
4084::
4062:.
4034:.
4015:.
3996:.
3978:.
3956::
3941:.
3922:.
3900:.
3878:.
3855:.
3831::
3807:.
3783:.
3758:.
3737:.
3708:.
3694::
3679:.
3658:.
3617:.
3564:.
3558::
3528:.
3524::
3501:.
3476:.
3451:.
3426:.
3405:.
3319:.
3260:.
3236:.
3200:.
3166:.
3139:.
3135::
3129:8
3078:.
3064::
3037:.
3012:.
2994:.
2969:.
2944:.
2919:.
2876:.
2822:.
2796:.
2770:.
2748:.
2671:.
2585:.
2556:.
2530:.
2500:.
2427:.
2367:.
2333:.
2307:.
2283:.
2258:.
2246::
2223:.
2193:.
2146:.
2062:.
1982:.
1951:.
1917:.
1887:.
1862:.
1828:.
1645:.
1569:"
1415:.
576:.
552:)
546:(
541:)
537:(
523:.
459:.
440:)
436:(
282:e
275:t
268:v
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.