703:
66:
38:
691:
715:
739:
763:
751:
727:
679:
78:
can be classified in several ways, most commonly by where it was acquired (hospital versus community), but may also by the area of lung affected or by the causative organism. There is also a combined clinical classification, which combines factors such as age, risk factors for certain microorganisms,
667:
classification. Early investigators distinguished between typical lobar pneumonia and atypical (e.g. Chlamydophila) or viral pneumonia using the location, distribution, and appearance of the opacities they saw on chest x-rays. Certain x-ray findings can be used to help predict the course of illness,
778:
Traditionally, clinicians have classified pneumonia by clinical characteristics, dividing them into "acute" (less than three weeks duration) and "chronic" pneumonias. This is useful because chronic pneumonias tend to be either non-infectious, or mycobacterial, fungal, or mixed bacterial infections
153:
pneumonia, is pneumonia acquired during or after hospitalization for another illness or procedure with onset at least 72 hrs after admission. The causes, microbiology, treatment and prognosis are different from those of community-acquired pneumonia. Up to 5% of patients admitted to a hospital for
671:
With the advent of modern microbiology, classification based upon the causative microorganism became possible. Determining which microorganism is causing an individual's pneumonia is an important step in deciding treatment type and length. Sputum cultures, blood cultures, tests on respiratory
843:
The combined clinical classification, now the most commonly used classification scheme, attempts to identify a person's risk factors when he or she first comes to medical attention. The advantage of this classification scheme over previous systems is that it can help guide the selection of
129:. The term "walking pneumonia" has been used to describe a type of community-acquired pneumonia of less severity (because the sufferer can continue to "walk" rather than requiring hospitalization). Walking pneumonia is usually caused by the atypical bacterium,
170:
diseases, decreased amounts of stomach acid, and immune disturbances. Additionally, the microorganisms a person is exposed to in a hospital are often different from those at home. Hospital-acquired microorganisms may include resistant bacteria such as
844:
appropriate initial treatments even before the microbiologic cause of the pneumonia is known. There are two broad categories of pneumonia in this scheme: community-acquired pneumonia and hospital-acquired pneumonia. A recently introduced type of
672:
secretions, and specific blood tests are used to determine the microbiologic classification. Because such laboratory testing typically takes several days, microbiologic classification is usually not possible at the time of initial diagnosis.
557:(ARDS). However, the term was and, especially by lay people, still is used to denote pneumonia affecting both lungs. Accordingly, the term 'double pneumonia' is more likely to be used to describe bilateral pneumonia than it is ALI or ARDS.
1526:
Feldman C, Kallenbach JM, Levy H, Thorburn JR, Hurwitz MD, Koornhof HJ (1991). "Comparison of bacteraemic community-acquired lobar pneumonia due to
Streptococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae in an intensive care unit".
1650:
1607:
101:(CAP) is infectious pneumonia in a person who has not recently been hospitalized. CAP is the most common type of pneumonia. The most common causes of CAP vary depending on a person's age, but they include
193:. Because individuals with hospital-acquired pneumonia usually have underlying illnesses and are exposed to more dangerous bacteria, it tends to be more deadly than community-acquired pneumonia.
337:
in the United States. With dust pneumonia, dust settles all the way into the alveoli of the lungs, stopping the cilia from moving and preventing the lungs from ever clearing themselves.
217:
depending on the presenting symptoms and thus the presumed underlying organism. Attempting to make this distinction based on symptoms, however, has not been found to be accurate, and
702:
394:, and those with more indolent infections have weight loss. Often patients clinically present with acute respiratory failure. The most common pathogens responsible for NP are
663:
The discovery of x-rays made it possible to determine the anatomic type of pneumonia without direct examination of the lungs at autopsy and led to the development of a
659:
involves the areas in between the alveoli, and it may be called "interstitial pneumonitis." It is more likely to be caused by viruses or by atypical bacteria.
574:, which had almost disappeared by the month of May 2004 (it was later called SARS-CoV-1 to distinguish it from other similar viruses). The second outbreak,
900:
848:(in patients living outside the hospital who have recently been in close contact with the health care system) lies between these two categories.
489:
Chemotherapy-induced immunodeficiency may lead to severe lung infections. Pathogens commonly associated with lung infectioins are bacteria (like
1859:
230:
570:(SARS) is a highly contagious and deadly type of pneumonia which first occurred in November 2002 after initial outbreaks in China caused by
172:
233:(BOOP) is caused by inflammation of the small airways of the lungs. It is also known as cryptogenic organizing pneumonitis (COP).
1278:
Krutikov, Maria; Rahman, Ananna; Tiberi, Simon (2019). "Necrotizing pneumonia (aetiology, clinical features and management)".
1227:
Reimel, Beth Ann; Krishnadasen, Baiya; Cuschieri, Joseph; Klein, Matthew B; Gross, Joel; Karmy-Jones, Riyad (1 January 2000).
304:
foreign objects which are usually oral or gastric contents, either while eating, or after reflux or vomiting which results in
1572:
1149:
750:
726:
762:
738:
578:, started in December 2019 from Wuhan, China and was declared pandemic by the WHO on 11 March 2020. SARS is caused by the
308:. The resulting lung inflammation is not an infection but can contribute to one, since the material aspirated may contain
1758:
779:
caused by airway obstruction. Acute pneumonias are further divided into the classic bacterial bronchopneumonias (such as
554:
1175:"Management of necrotizing pneumonia with bronchopleural fistula caused by multidrug‐resistant Acinetobacter baumannii"
442:
154:
other causes subsequently develop pneumonia. Hospitalized patients may have many risk factors for pneumonia, including
1438:
916:"Cellular engineering in a minimal microbe: structure and assembly of the terminal organelle of Mycoplasma pneumoniae"
1826:
567:
714:
79:
the presence of underlying lung disease or systemic disease and whether the person has recently been hospitalized.
1906:
1821:
1811:
845:
194:
1880:
218:
316:
patients, since they often cannot adequately protect their airways and may have otherwise impaired defenses.
1806:
959:
668:
although it is not possible to clearly determine the microbiologic cause of a pneumonia with x-rays alone.
653:
497:
197:(VAP) is a subset of hospital-acquired pneumonia. VAP is pneumonia which occurs after at least 48 hours of
98:
93:
1816:
1330:
508:
312:
bacteria or other unusual causes of pneumonia. Aspiration is a leading cause of death among hospital and
144:
690:
820:
65:
1673:
814:
781:
628:
448:
431:
103:
1562:
1751:
1491:
Girard TD, Bernard GR (March 2007). "Mechanical ventilation in ARDS: a state-of-the-art review".
460:
396:
1854:
830:
491:
466:
239:
202:
155:
118:
109:
1713:
121:
cause CAP in certain at-risk populations. CAP is the fourth most common cause of death in the
1173:
Widysanto, Allen; Liem, Maranatha; Puspita, Karina Dian; Pradhana, Cindy Meidy Leony (2020).
1132:
Scotta, Marcelo C.; Marostica, Paulo J.C.; Stein, Renato T. (2019). "Pneumonia in
Children".
825:
787:
634:
436:
408:
402:
375:
347:
131:
708:
AP CXR showing left lower lobe pneumonia associated with a small left sided pleural effusion
1875:
1844:
1724:
836:
793:
472:
301:
297:
268:
150:
8:
1796:
1781:
1654:
983:"Necrotising pneumonia is an increasingly detected complication of pneumonia in children"
647:
512:
46:
1901:
1801:
1744:
1411:
1384:
1311:
1255:
1228:
1201:
1174:
1155:
1141:
1109:
1074:
309:
264:
214:
1667:
1454:
1322:
1684:
1568:
1544:
1508:
1466:
1458:
1416:
1401:
1358:
1350:
1346:
1303:
1295:
1260:
1206:
1145:
1114:
1096:
1055:
1047:
1012:
1004:
981:
Sawicki, G. S.; Lu, F. L.; Valim, C.; Cleveland, R. H.; Colin, A. A. (5 March 2008).
937:
932:
915:
882:
878:
550:
516:
482:
423:
54:
1663:
1659:
1315:
1159:
283:
or by skin contact. When the toxic substance is an oil, the pneumonia may be called
1791:
1536:
1500:
1450:
1406:
1396:
1342:
1287:
1250:
1240:
1196:
1186:
1137:
1104:
1086:
1039:
994:
927:
874:
579:
305:
247:
678:
1849:
1786:
1678:
1563:
Mitchell, Richard
Sheppard; Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson (2007).
1291:
1043:
644:
pneumonia involves more than one lobe, and it often causes a more severe illness.
616:
477:
1689:
326:
122:
16:
This article is about classification of pneumonia. For the disease itself, see
1222:
1220:
1091:
999:
982:
865:
Dunn L (2005). "Pneumonia: classification, diagnosis and nursing management".
1895:
1462:
1354:
1299:
1100:
1051:
1008:
368:
126:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
960:"Community-Acquired Pneumonia: From Common Pathogens To Emerging Resistance"
1512:
1470:
1432:
1430:
1420:
1307:
1264:
1217:
1210:
1118:
1059:
1016:
941:
886:
313:
183:
159:
1548:
1504:
1362:
1245:
1708:
1125:
808:
524:
520:
454:
330:
177:
59:
1599:
1437:
Vento, Sandro; Cainelli, Francesca; Temesgen, Zelalem (1 October 2008).
1427:
1271:
974:
650:
affects the lungs in patches around the tubes (bronchi or bronchioles).
608:
575:
391:
280:
243:
198:
1540:
250:. Eosinophilic pneumonia often occurs in response to infection with a
1767:
1719:
1191:
664:
600:
532:
371:
334:
276:
75:
17:
785:), the atypical pneumonias (such as the interstitial pneumonitis of
117:
is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia worldwide.
1073:
Masters, I. Brent; Isles, Alan F.; Grimwood, Keith (25 July 2017).
802:
622:
is an infection that only involves a single lobe, or section, of a
596:
583:
571:
528:
503:
379:
272:
251:
213:
Pneumonia has historically been characterized as either typical or
189:
37:
1166:
604:
1226:
1030:
Tsai, Yueh-Feng; Ku, Yee-Huang (2012). "Necrotizing pneumonia".
224:
1611:
800:
Chronic pneumonias, on the other hand, mainly include those of
1525:
387:
383:
163:
1736:
1172:
254:
or after exposure to certain types of environmental factors.
623:
427:
382:
formation in the lung. In most cases patients with NP have
365:
167:
1229:"Surgical management of acute necrotizing lung infections"
1075:"Necrotizing pneumonia: an emerging problem in children?"
543:
1066:
756:
Left upper lobe pneumonia with a small pleural effusion.
732:
AP CXR showing pneumonia of the lingula of the left lung
1134:
Kendig's
Disorders of the Respiratory Tract in Children
980:
603:
appearance of the lung, either by direct inspection at
378:
following death of the lung tissue, which may lead to
1436:
1589:
1277:
1131:
1072:
561:
329:
describes disorders caused by excessive exposure to
768:
Right lower lobe pneumonia as seen on a lateral CXR
744:
Right upper lobe pneumonia as marked by the circle.
374:. In necrotizing pneumonia, there is a substantial
45:A chest X-ray showing a very prominent wedge-shape
1376:
595:Initial descriptions of pneumonia focused on the
1893:
1383:Huang, Laurence; Crothers, Kristina A. (2009).
434:affecting the lungs. Most common pathogens are
1860:Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia
1752:
1490:
1382:
231:Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia
225:Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia
913:
1519:
1439:"Lung infections after cancer chemotherapy"
858:
818:, as well as the granulomatous pneumonias (
797:), and the aspiration pneumonia syndromes.
590:
1759:
1745:
416:
64:
36:
1555:
1410:
1400:
1385:"HIV-associated Opportunistic Pneumonias"
1254:
1244:
1200:
1190:
1108:
1090:
1023:
998:
953:
951:
931:
720:AP CXR showing right lower lobe pneumonia
300:(or aspiration pneumonitis) is caused by
149:Hospital-acquired pneumonia, also called
1567:(8th ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders.
1335:Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology
341:
523:, and cytomegalovirus), and fungi (eg,
364:, is a rare but severe complication of
291:
82:
1894:
1328:
1029:
948:
914:Krause DC, Balish MF (February 2004).
544:Double pneumonia (bilateral pneumonia)
107:, viruses, the atypical bacteria, and
1740:
1280:Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine
1032:Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine
458:species. Less frequent pathogens are
258:
87:
957:
864:
430:patients, are highly susceptible to
138:
1329:Conces, Dewey J. (1 January 1993).
555:acute respiratory distress syndrome
13:
1838:infectious or noninfectious agents
1142:10.1016/b978-0-323-44887-1.00025-0
626:. Lobar pneumonia is often due to
443:Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare
14:
1918:
1827:Severe acute respiratory syndrome
1585:
568:Severe acute respiratory syndrome
562:Severe acute respiratory syndrome
320:
1402:10.1111/j.1440-1843.2009.01534.x
933:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03899.x
879:10.7748/ns2005.06.19.42.50.c3901
761:
749:
737:
725:
713:
701:
689:
677:
1822:Ventilator-associated pneumonia
1812:Healthcare-associated pneumonia
1484:
846:healthcare-associated pneumonia
195:Ventilator-associated pneumonia
907:
893:
549:This is a historical term for
279:, which may enter the body by
1:
1881:Idiopathic pneumonia syndrome
1766:
1455:10.1016/S1470-2045(08)70255-9
851:
607:or by its appearance under a
219:The American Thoracic Society
1807:Community-acquired pneumonia
1347:10.1016/0363-0188(93)90005-E
1292:10.1097/mcp.0000000000000571
1233:Canadian Respiratory Journal
1136:. Elsevier. p. 435.e4.
1044:10.1097/MCP.0b013e3283521022
987:European Respiratory Journal
958:Ebby, Orin (December 2005).
498:Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
221:does not recommend its use.
99:Community-acquired pneumonia
94:Community-acquired pneumonia
7:
1817:Hospital-acquired pneumonia
964:Emergency Medicine Practice
773:
509:respiratory syncytial virus
242:is invasion of the lung by
208:
145:Hospital-acquired pneumonia
10:
1923:
821:Mycobacterium tuberculosis
345:
333:, particularly during the
142:
91:
15:
1868:
1835:
1774:
1699:
1593:
1331:"Opportunistic pneumonia"
1092:10.1186/s41479-017-0035-0
1000:10.1183/09031936.00099807
53:
44:
35:
30:
1179:Respirology Case Reports
815:Blastomyces dermatitidis
782:Streptococcus pneumoniae
629:Streptococcus pneumoniae
591:By area of lung affected
449:Streptococcus pneumoniae
432:opportunistic infections
271:) is caused by chemical
115:Streptococcus pneumoniae
104:Streptococcus pneumoniae
1869:Noninfectious pneumonia
1565:Robbins Basic Pathology
582:, a previously unknown
507:species), viruses (eg,
461:Cryptococcus neoformans
424:weakened immune defense
417:Opportunistic pneumonia
397:Streptococcus pneumonia
246:, a particular kind of
1907:Medical classification
1855:Eosinophilic pneumonia
831:Histoplasma capsulatum
537:Pneumocystis jirovecii
492:Pseudomonas aeruginosa
467:Histoplasma capsulatum
240:Eosinophilic pneumonia
236:Eosinophilic pneumonia
203:mechanical ventilation
156:mechanical ventilation
119:Gram-negative bacteria
110:Haemophilus influenzae
1775:Infectious pneumonias
1505:10.1378/chest.06-1515
826:atypical mycobacteria
788:Mycoplasma pneumoniae
635:Klebsiella pneumoniae
437:Pneumocystis jiroveci
409:Klebsiella pneumoniae
403:Staphylococcus aureus
354:Necrotizing pneumonia
348:Necrotizing pneumonia
342:Necrotizing pneumonia
132:Mycoplasma pneumoniae
125:and the sixth in the
1876:Chemical pneumonitis
1845:Aspiration pneumonia
1836:Pneumonias caused by
837:Coccidioides immitis
794:Chlamydia pneumoniae
473:Coccidioides immitis
356:(NP), also known as
298:Aspiration pneumonia
292:Aspiration pneumonia
269:chemical pneumonitis
83:By location acquired
1797:Parasitic pneumonia
1782:Bacterial pneumonia
1443:The Lancet Oncology
1246:10.1155/2006/760390
648:Bronchial pneumonia
513:parainfluenza virus
362:cavitatory necrosis
47:bacterial pneumonia
1802:Atypical pneumonia
1700:External resources
696:Normal lateral CXR
638:is also possible.)
358:cavitary pneumonia
265:Chemical pneumonia
259:Chemical pneumonia
88:Community-acquired
1889:
1888:
1734:
1733:
1574:978-1-4160-2973-1
1541:10.1159/000195943
1151:978-0-323-44887-1
551:acute lung injury
517:influenza virus A
483:Toxoplasma gondii
139:Hospital-acquired
73:
72:
49:in the right lung
25:Medical condition
1914:
1792:Fungal pneumonia
1761:
1754:
1747:
1738:
1737:
1725:search/pneumonia
1591:
1590:
1579:
1578:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1434:
1425:
1424:
1414:
1404:
1380:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1326:
1320:
1319:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1258:
1248:
1224:
1215:
1214:
1204:
1194:
1192:10.1002/rcr2.662
1170:
1164:
1163:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1112:
1094:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1002:
993:(6): 1285–1291.
978:
972:
971:
955:
946:
945:
935:
911:
905:
904:
897:
891:
890:
862:
765:
753:
741:
729:
717:
705:
693:
681:
580:SARS coronavirus
306:bronchopneumonia
285:lipoid pneumonia
267:(usually called
248:white blood cell
69:
68:
40:
28:
27:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1911:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1864:
1850:Lipid pneumonia
1837:
1831:
1787:Viral pneumonia
1770:
1765:
1735:
1730:
1729:
1695:
1694:
1602:
1588:
1583:
1582:
1575:
1561:Table 13-7 in:
1560:
1556:
1535:(5–6): 265–70.
1524:
1520:
1489:
1485:
1475:
1473:
1449:(10): 982–992.
1435:
1428:
1381:
1377:
1367:
1365:
1327:
1323:
1276:
1272:
1225:
1218:
1171:
1167:
1152:
1130:
1126:
1071:
1067:
1028:
1024:
979:
975:
956:
949:
912:
908:
899:
898:
894:
863:
859:
854:
776:
769:
766:
757:
754:
745:
742:
733:
730:
721:
718:
709:
706:
697:
694:
685:
682:
593:
564:
546:
478:cytomegalovirus
419:
350:
344:
323:
294:
261:
227:
211:
147:
141:
96:
90:
85:
63:
26:
21:
12:
11:
5:
1920:
1910:
1909:
1904:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1872:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1841:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1778:
1776:
1772:
1771:
1764:
1763:
1756:
1749:
1741:
1732:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1716:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1681:
1670:
1647:
1603:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1594:Classification
1587:
1586:External links
1584:
1581:
1580:
1573:
1554:
1518:
1483:
1426:
1395:(4): 474–485.
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1286:(3): 225–232.
1270:
1239:(7): 369–373.
1216:
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1065:
1038:(3): 246–252.
1022:
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920:Mol. Microbiol
906:
901:"UpToDate Inc"
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346:Main article:
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327:Dust pneumonia
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321:Dust pneumonia
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123:United Kingdom
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1570:
1566:
1558:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1522:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1487:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1433:
1431:
1422:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1379:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1325:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1274:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1223:
1221:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1185:(8): e00662.
1184:
1180:
1176:
1169:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1128:
1120:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1069:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1026:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1001:
996:
992:
988:
984:
977:
969:
965:
961:
954:
952:
943:
939:
934:
929:
926:(4): 917–24.
925:
921:
917:
910:
902:
896:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
861:
857:
849:
847:
841:
839:
838:
833:
832:
827:
823:
822:
817:
816:
811:
810:
805:
804:
798:
796:
795:
790:
789:
784:
783:
764:
759:
752:
747:
740:
735:
728:
723:
716:
711:
704:
699:
692:
687:
684:Normal AP CXR
680:
675:
674:
673:
669:
666:
658:
656:
652:
649:
646:
643:
640:
637:
636:
631:
630:
625:
621:
619:
614:
613:
612:
610:
606:
602:
598:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
566:
565:
556:
552:
548:
547:
538:
535:species, and
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
505:
500:
499:
494:
493:
488:
485:
484:
479:
475:
474:
469:
468:
463:
462:
457:
456:
451:
450:
445:
444:
439:
438:
433:
429:
425:
421:
420:
411:
410:
405:
404:
399:
398:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
370:
367:
363:
359:
355:
352:
351:
349:
336:
332:
328:
325:
324:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
296:
295:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
263:
262:
253:
249:
245:
241:
238:
235:
232:
229:
228:
222:
220:
216:
206:
204:
200:
196:
192:
191:
186:
185:
180:
179:
174:
169:
165:
162:, underlying
161:
157:
152:
146:
136:
134:
133:
128:
127:United States
124:
120:
116:
112:
111:
106:
105:
100:
95:
80:
77:
67:
61:
58:
56:
52:
48:
43:
39:
34:
29:
23:
19:
1718:
1707:
1683:
1672:
1649:
1606:
1564:
1557:
1532:
1528:
1521:
1499:(3): 921–9.
1496:
1492:
1486:
1474:. Retrieved
1446:
1442:
1392:
1388:
1378:
1366:. Retrieved
1338:
1334:
1324:
1283:
1279:
1273:
1236:
1232:
1182:
1178:
1168:
1133:
1127:
1082:
1078:
1068:
1035:
1031:
1025:
990:
986:
976:
967:
963:
923:
919:
909:
895:
873:(42): 50–4.
870:
866:
860:
842:
835:
829:
819:
813:
807:
801:
799:
792:
786:
780:
777:
670:
665:radiological
662:
655:Interstitial
654:
641:
633:
627:
617:
594:
536:
502:
496:
490:
481:
471:
465:
459:
453:
447:
441:
435:
422:People with
407:
401:
395:
376:liquefaction
361:
357:
353:
314:nursing home
284:
212:
188:
184:Enterobacter
182:
176:
160:malnutrition
158:, prolonged
148:
130:
114:
108:
102:
97:
74:
22:
1709:MedlinePlus
1529:Respiration
1476:23 February
1389:Respirology
1368:23 February
1341:(1): 5–35.
809:Actinomyces
525:Aspergillus
521:influenza B
480:(CMV), and
455:Haemophilus
369:parenchymal
331:dust storms
244:eosinophils
178:Pseudomonas
113:. Overall,
60:Pulmonology
1896:Categories
1685:DiseasesDB
867:Nurs Stand
852:References
642:Multilobar
609:microscope
601:pathologic
576:SARS-CoV-2
426:, such as
392:bad breath
302:aspirating
281:inhalation
277:pesticides
199:intubation
151:nosocomial
1902:Pneumonia
1768:Pneumonia
1720:eMedicine
1463:1470-2045
1355:0363-0188
1300:1070-5287
1101:2200-6133
1085:(1): 11.
1079:Pneumonia
1052:1070-5287
1009:0903-1936
657:pneumonia
620:pneumonia
553:(ALI) or
533:Mucorales
446:complex,
372:infection
335:Dust Bowl
310:anaerobic
273:toxicants
76:Pneumonia
55:Specialty
31:Pneumonia
18:Pneumonia
1513:17356115
1471:19071255
1421:19645867
1316:73507080
1308:30844921
1265:17036090
1211:32999723
1160:81700501
1119:28770121
1060:22388585
1017:18216055
942:14763969
887:16013205
803:Nocardia
774:Clinical
632:(though
597:anatomic
584:pathogen
572:SARS-CoV
529:Fusarium
504:Nocardia
428:HIV/AIDS
380:gangrene
275:such as
252:parasite
215:atypical
209:By cause
190:Serratia
1679:D011014
1549:1792415
1412:2835537
1363:8428506
1256:2683290
1202:7507560
1110:5525269
605:autopsy
1714:000145
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531:, and
501:, and
187:, and
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1690:10166
1668:770.0
1493:Chest
1312:S2CID
1156:S2CID
970:(12).
618:lobar
388:cough
384:fever
164:heart
1674:MeSH
1655:9-CM
1569:ISBN
1545:PMID
1509:PMID
1478:2021
1467:PMID
1459:ISSN
1417:PMID
1370:2021
1359:PMID
1351:ISSN
1304:PMID
1296:ISSN
1261:PMID
1207:PMID
1146:ISBN
1115:PMID
1097:ISSN
1056:PMID
1048:ISSN
1013:PMID
1005:ISSN
938:PMID
883:PMID
834:and
824:and
812:and
624:lung
519:and
390:and
366:lung
201:and
173:MRSA
168:lung
166:and
1664:486
1660:480
1651:ICD
1645:P23
1641:J18
1637:J17
1633:J16
1629:J15
1625:J14
1621:J13
1617:J12
1608:ICD
1537:doi
1501:doi
1497:131
1451:doi
1407:PMC
1397:doi
1343:doi
1288:doi
1251:PMC
1241:doi
1197:PMC
1187:doi
1138:doi
1105:PMC
1087:doi
1040:doi
995:doi
928:doi
875:doi
840:).
791:or
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599:or
360:or
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