109:
134:
95:
147:
2115:
1055:; it may be that he intended to give a speech from the dock to inspire his compatriots. However, the 15 mutineers were court-martialed on the Cocos Islands by Gardiner. Seven of the men who were found guilty were sentenced to death, with four of these sentences commuted to terms of imprisonment. Gunner Samaris Jayasekera was buried with full military honours on Horsburgh Island on the evening of 10 May and later reburied in Singapore's
960:, accompanied by contingents of the CLI and the Medical Corps. The full contingent of the CDF in the Cocos Islands numbered around 75 personnel. It was under the command of Captain George Gardiner, an accountant of an export firm in Colombo at the outbreak of war, he had obtained an emergency war commission. Two six-inch guns were deployed on Horsburgh Island, Cocos Atoll, as well as a platoon of the
41:
1050:
Messages sent by
Fernando were received in Ceylon, indicating that there was co-operation between him and both the CLI troops and the Australian signalers on Direction Island, however, none of them took part in the mutiny. The CLI helped to put down the mutineers. He declared he had surrendered on
1105:
The three mutineers were the only
British Commonwealth troops to be executed for mutiny during the Second World War. The CDF detachment in Cocos Islands returned just before Christmas 1942, these veterans had their promotions suspended and denied the campaign medals for active war service. No
1125:'s anti-colonial agitation now included references to the Cocos Islands Mutiny as public opposition at British colonial rule continued to grow. Goonetilleke, the Civil Defence Commissioner claimed that the British commander of Ceylon, Admiral Sir Geoffrey Layton called him a 'black bastard'.
1106:
Ceylonese combat regiment was deployed by the
British in a combat situation after the Cocos Islands Mutiny. However, support units were deployed, most notably in North Africa. The defences of Ceylon were increased to three British army
1096:
Fernando was defiant to the end, confidently believing that he would be remembered as a patriot, and refused a commutation of punishment. He was executed on 5 August 1942 at
Welikada Prison, and two other mutineers shortly thereafter.
1027:
in the Cocos
Islands mutinied, intending to hand the islands over to the Japanese. The plan was to arrest Captain Gardiner, the British Battery Commanding Officer and his deputy, Lieutenant Stephens, disarm the troops loyal to the
1002:
With the
Japanese successes, public sentiment on Ceylon increased in favour of the Japanese; encouraged by successful Japanese-trained and -directed rebellions in Indonesia and support for Japanese forces in Thailand,
1062:
The condemned mutineers were shipped back to Ceylon, imprisoned at the military jail in
Flagstaff Street and then at military detention barracks at Hulftsdorp. The families of the condemned appealed to Sir
2173:
2149:
1039:
However, the soldiers all proved to be poor shots with small arms: one soldier, Gunner
Samaris Jayasekera, was killed; Lieutenant Stephens was wounded by them; and the rebels' sole
990:: compromised their ability to defend their interests north of Australia and east of India. The Japanese raids into the Indian Ocean, resulting in the loss of two cruisers and the
2179:
2203:
2499:
736:
2080:
2185:
1167:
1394:
1363:
The Cocos Mutiny, 66 years on, as recalled by (Donny) Vincent
Ranasinghe, the last surviving member of the Ceylon Garrison Artillery (CGA) who served on the island
1851:
1153:
1118:. Rationing was instituted so that the Ceylonese were comparatively better fed than their Indian neighbours, in order to prevent disaffection among the natives.
1176:
628:
1183:
2469:
2167:
1493:
1218:
1190:
1160:
543:
2161:
1015:
who collaborated with the
Colonial Government, being rewarded with the Premiership, being hand-picked to lead the post-colonial government after 1948.
2023:
1403:
215:
2300:
2401:
1941:
1834:
1047:, the leader of the mutiny, had it aimed at Gardiner. The rebels then attempted to turn the 6-inch guns on Direction Island, but were overpowered.
2279:
2489:
1839:
1822:
1211:
2514:
1536:
1204:
729:
599:
388:
1973:
1197:
2028:
1953:
1613:
1387:
1603:
1598:
1011:, later to be President of Sri Lanka, held discussions with the Japanese with this aim in mind. However, this was immediately stopped by
611:
2484:
2474:
2349:
2110:
2102:
1844:
1829:
786:
460:
310:
2509:
2045:
1456:
722:
604:
2378:
1719:
499:
424:
351:
2459:
2264:
2003:
1380:
1292:
1262:
1586:
968:
2305:
1367:
358:
271:
237:
208:
1341:
2040:
1662:
781:
514:
472:
305:
2427:
2422:
2417:
1817:
1782:
1767:
1564:
616:
281:
952:. The CGA was equipped with six-inch (152 mm) and nine-inch (227 mm) guns. Several of them were posted to the
1988:
276:
2504:
2407:
1463:
1407:
1372:
1007:
and the Philippines, many Ceylonese hoped that the Japanese would help them gain independence. At this time a young
2360:
2239:
2227:
2222:
2013:
1931:
1526:
201:
2018:
1576:
526:
2295:
2095:
1916:
945:
453:
443:
2464:
1983:
1672:
643:
368:
1893:
1856:
746:
683:
393:
298:
249:
1958:
2274:
1936:
1473:
914:. However, the mutiny was defeated, the mutineers punished, and the three ringleaders executed; the only
548:
2479:
2319:
2065:
2033:
1998:
1978:
1707:
859:
849:
798:
760:
638:
467:
438:
322:
2412:
2088:
2052:
1968:
1734:
1677:
1110:
because the island was strategically important, holding almost all the British Empire's resources of
937:
854:
538:
2494:
2438:
2372:
2197:
2191:
2060:
1787:
1591:
1531:
1521:
1446:
987:
961:
941:
864:
703:
484:
344:
2008:
1963:
1921:
1903:
1898:
1812:
1752:
1744:
1739:
1724:
1652:
1559:
1516:
1478:
1122:
1076:
915:
900:
669:
489:
66:
2155:
1498:
1012:
983:
927:
869:
770:
533:
244:
167:
2383:
2355:
2334:
2284:
2214:
1757:
1541:
688:
448:
291:
1032:, turn the 6-inch guns on the CLI troops on Direction Island, and to signal the Japanese on
2389:
2344:
2339:
2329:
2289:
1714:
1702:
1692:
1546:
1506:
933:
820:
791:
765:
633:
621:
509:
315:
16:
1942 attempted mutiny by British Sri Lankan soldiers on a base in the Cocos/Keeling Islands
1323:
Sinhalese immigrants in Malaysia & Singapore, 1860-1990: History through recollections
832:
8:
2245:
1871:
1772:
1687:
1571:
1107:
1072:
1064:
1056:
504:
378:
2432:
1581:
1362:
808:
662:
655:
594:
584:
558:
410:
332:
40:
1946:
1402:
1141:
1068:
979:
803:
695:
648:
553:
398:
383:
327:
1451:
1296:
1270:
2233:
2143:
1551:
1511:
1173:
1144:
1083:
1044:
1033:
1024:
1008:
991:
589:
417:
403:
373:
286:
266:
141:
1023:
On the night of 8 May, 30 out of 56 personnel of the Ceylon Garrison Artillery on
2395:
1993:
1630:
1090:
994:
837:
519:
494:
363:
1368:
Cocos Islands Mutiny, transcript of Robyn Williams' radio broadcast, 20 May 2001
1337:
1243:
1067:, then Civil Defence Commissioner and a member of the War Council to save them,
910:
The mutineers attempted to seize control of the islands and disable the British
1876:
1861:
1804:
1642:
1468:
1115:
1029:
896:
892:
825:
577:
431:
339:
261:
114:
100:
2453:
1657:
1647:
1483:
1434:
1150:
1134:
957:
948:, were mobilised on 2 September 1939, the day before Britain declared war on
842:
146:
1911:
1608:
1429:
949:
904:
568:
563:
477:
32:
999:, threw Allied war plans in the entire Southwest Pacific Area into chaos.
1618:
1420:
254:
225:
2366:
953:
714:
2114:
1926:
1886:
1881:
1682:
677:
1729:
1488:
1040:
1004:
911:
918:
servicemen to be executed for mutiny during the Second World War.
1087:
1052:
1111:
888:
1338:"Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941-1942"
193:
1697:
1267:
Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941-1942
1248:
Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941-1942
1193:— death sentence commuted to penal servitude for three years
1170:— death sentence commuted to penal servitude for three years
1186:— death sentence commuted to penal servitude for four years
1179:— death sentence commuted to penal servitude for four years
1080:
1093:, requesting clemency. However, their pleas failed.
1036:, which the Japanese had occupied on 3 March 1942.
1332:, Fremantle Arts Centre Press, Fremantle, WA, 2001
2500:Military history of Australia during World War II
2451:
1783:Association for the Restoration of Great Vietnam
1200:— imprisonment for one year without hard labour
1537:National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands
1404:Collaboration with Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy
2096:
1388:
1263:"The Mystery of Christmas Island, March 1942"
730:
209:
171:Six-inch (152 mm) and nine-inch (227 mm) guns
2111:Coups, rebellions, and revolts in Sri Lanka
1352:, Young Socialist Publication, Colombo, 1996
1221:— imprisonment for one year with hard labour
1079:, also made representations to the Governor
2470:Ceylonese collaborators with Imperial Japan
2301:2015 alleged Sri Lankan coup d'Ă©tat attempt
1350:Britain, World War 2 and the Sama Samajists
2350:Protests against the Vietnam War in Ceylon
2280:1966 alleged Ceylonese coup d'Ă©tat attempt
2103:
2089:
1395:
1381:
737:
723:
216:
202:
39:
1348:Muthiah, Wesley and Wanasinghe, Sydney,
1325:, KVG de Silva & Sons, Colombo, 1991
1237:
1235:
982:did to British and Imperial forces what
744:
2490:History of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands
2452:
1587:Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists
1335:
1260:
1241:
2515:Rebellions against the British Empire
2306:2018 Sri Lankan constitutional crisis
2084:
1376:
1232:
718:
197:
2174:Second Polonnaruwa War of Succession
1051:condition that he would be tried in
2428:2019 anti-Muslim riots in Sri Lanka
2423:2018 anti-Muslim riots in Sri Lanka
2418:2014 anti-Muslim riots in Sri Lanka
2150:First Polonnaruwa War of Succession
1768:Taiwanese Imperial Japan Serviceman
1244:"Cocos Islands during World War II"
13:
1344:from the original on 26 July 2011.
45:Map of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands
14:
2526:
2485:Events that led to courts-martial
2475:Collaboration with Imperial Japan
2408:2005 Inuvil shooting and protests
1464:Armenian Revolutionary Federation
1356:
1214:— penal servitude for seven years
1207:— penal servitude for three years
2510:Sri Lankan independence movement
2361:Burning of Jaffna Public Library
2223:Sri Lankan independence movement
2113:
1565:Russian People's Liberation Army
1527:National Committee of Azerbaijan
1114:that remained after the fall of
145:
132:
107:
93:
1577:Slovak Expeditionary Army Group
223:
2460:British Malaya in World War II
1285:
1254:
1133:The men who were convicted by
1043:jammed at a crucial moment as
946:Ceylon Volunteer Medical Corps
1:
2180:Kandyan independence movement
1673:Collaborationist Chinese Army
1315:
921:
2228:Great Rebellion of 1817–1818
1128:
1100:
670:Manchuria and Northern Korea
7:
2275:1962 Ceylonese coup attempt
1658:Central Asian collaborators
1474:Battaglione Azad Hindoustan
468:Dutch East Indies (1941–42)
425:Strategic bombing (1944–45)
10:
2531:
2296:1987–1989 JVP insurrection
1708:First Indian National Army
925:
903:on 8 May 1942, during the
617:Volcano and Ryukyu Islands
2413:2012 Welikada prison riot
2318:
2263:
2213:
2204:Nikapitiye Bandara Revolt
2134:
2123:
1802:
1779:Vietnamese collaborators
1678:Defenders of the Homeland
1629:
1428:
1418:
1414:
1018:
938:Ceylon Garrison Artillery
782:Japanese merchant raiders
756:
233:
175:
153:
125:
85:
49:
38:
30:
25:
2505:Mutinies in World War II
2439:2022 Sri Lankan protests
2373:Welikada prison massacre
2198:2nd Kuruvita rala Revolt
2192:1st Kuruvita rala Revolt
1764:Taiwanese collaborators
1592:Ukrainian Insurgent Army
1532:National Republican Army
1522:Latvian Auxiliary Police
1447:Albanian Fascist Militia
1330:The Cocos Islands Mutiny
1225:
1163:(executed 8 August 1942)
1156:(executed 7 August 1942)
1147:(executed 5 August 1942)
704:Second Sino-Japanese War
544:Estevan Point Lighthouse
299:Indian Ocean (1941–1945)
250:Marshalls–Gilberts raids
2186:Kangara arachchi Revolt
1745:Royal Thai Armed Forces
1740:Manchukuo Imperial Army
1725:Lanka Sama Samaja Party
1663:East Turkestan military
1653:Burma Independence Army
1560:Russian Liberation Army
1517:Kalmykian Cavalry Corps
1479:Belarusian Home Defence
1443:Albanian collaborators
1336:L, Klemen (1999–2000).
1261:L, Klemen (1999–2000).
1242:L, Klemen (1999–2000).
932:Units belonging to the
901:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
306:Japanese merchant raids
67:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
2379:1987 Trincomalee riots
2156:Queen Sugala rebellion
1749:Russian collaborators
1735:Malayan Volunteer Army
1556:Russian collaborators
1499:Finnish Defence Forces
928:Ceylon in World War II
605:Hiroshima and Nagasaki
449:Burma and India (1944)
272:Gilberts and Marshalls
168:Bren light machine gun
161:Six-inch (152 mm) guns
126:Commanders and leaders
2384:Kalutara prison riots
2356:1977 Sri Lankan riots
2335:1953 Ceylonese Hartal
2285:1971 JVP insurrection
1758:Russian Fascist Party
1614:Polish Wehrmacht Army
1542:Romanian Armed Forces
1494:Croatian Armed Forces
1154:Carlo Augustus Gauder
962:King's African Rifles
942:Ceylon Light Infantry
936:(CDF), including the
515:Philippines (1944–45)
473:Philippines (1941–42)
176:Casualties and losses
2465:Ceylon Defence Force
2390:Bindunuwewa massacre
2345:1958 Ceylonese riots
2340:1956 Ceylonese riots
2330:1915 Ceylonese riots
2290:Sri Lankan Civil War
2252:Cocos Islands mutiny
1720:Korean collaborators
1715:Inner Mongolian Army
1703:Indian National Army
1547:Royal Hungarian Army
1299:on 11 September 2001
1177:Kingsley W. J. Diasz
934:Ceylon Defence Force
916:British Commonwealth
885:Cocos Islands mutiny
792:Homfreyganj massacre
748:Indian Ocean Theatre
316:Homfreyganj massacre
26:Cocos Islands mutiny
2246:Suriya-Mal Movement
2240:Temperance movement
1773:Takasago Volunteers
1688:Gando Special Force
1639:Arakan Defense Army
1572:Security Battalions
1184:A. Joseph L. Peries
1073:Susantha de Fonseka
1065:Oliver Goonetilleke
1057:Kranji War Memorial
978:and the subsequent
121:Ceylonese mutineers
2433:Mahara prison riot
2168:Rajarata Rebellion
1582:Slovene Home Guard
1321:Arsecularatne, SN,
1273:on 21 January 2016
1219:Kenneth R. Porritt
1191:Gerry D. Anandappa
663:Japanese surrender
629:Naval bombardments
559:Fire balloon bombs
282:Volcano and Ryukyu
277:Marianas and Palau
2480:Conflicts in 1942
2447:
2446:
2314:
2313:
2292: (1983-2009)
2248: (1933–1939)
2230: (1817–1818)
2206: (1616–1617)
2200: (1616–1619)
2176: (1186–1187)
2158: (1157–1158)
2152: (1110-1153)
2078:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2057:
1908:
1798:
1797:
1669:Chin Defense Army
1633:collaborationists
1604:Wehrmacht foreign
1599:Waffen-SS foreign
1503:
1437:collaborationists
1161:G. Benny de Silva
1075:, members of the
1069:H. W. Amarasuriya
980:fall of Singapore
899:officers, on the
895:soldiers against
878:
877:
712:
711:
554:Lookout Air Raids
461:Southwest Pacific
192:
191:
81:
80:
2522:
2234:Matale rebellion
2162:Ruhuna Rebellion
2144:Velakkara revolt
2132:
2131:
2118:
2117:
2105:
2098:
2091:
2082:
2081:
2055:
1906:
1552:Royal Iraqi Army
1501:
1426:
1425:
1416:
1415:
1397:
1390:
1383:
1374:
1373:
1345:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1295:. Archived from
1289:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1269:. Archived from
1258:
1252:
1251:
1239:
1174:Lance Bombardier
1145:Gratien Fernando
1137:of mutiny were:
1084:Andrew Caldecott
1045:Gratien Fernando
1034:Christmas Island
1025:Horsburgh Island
1009:J.R. Jayawardene
992:aircraft carrier
905:Second World War
865:2nd Indian Ocean
860:14 February 1944
850:13 November 1943
804:1st Indian Ocean
799:Christmas Island
761:27 February 1941
751:
749:
739:
732:
725:
716:
715:
684:Manchuria (1945)
539:Aleutian Islands
389:Indochina (1945)
359:Indochina (1940)
345:2nd Indian Ocean
328:1st Indian Ocean
323:Christmas Island
228:
218:
211:
204:
195:
194:
149:
142:Gratien Fernando
138:Captain Gardiner
137:
136:
135:
113:
111:
110:
99:
97:
96:
51:
50:
43:
23:
22:
2530:
2529:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2520:
2519:
2495:May 1942 events
2450:
2449:
2448:
2443:
2396:Mawanella riots
2321:
2310:
2266:
2259:
2209:
2136:
2127:
2125:
2119:
2112:
2109:
2079:
2070:
1823:Italian Albania
1794:
1625:
1433:
1410:
1401:
1359:
1318:
1313:
1312:
1302:
1300:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1276:
1274:
1259:
1255:
1240:
1233:
1228:
1131:
1103:
1091:Geoffrey Layton
1021:
971:Prince of Wales
930:
924:
881:
880:
879:
874:
855:11 January 1944
787:Andaman Islands
752:
747:
745:
743:
713:
708:
700:
612:Mariana Islands
485:Solomon Islands
454:Burma (1944–45)
444:Burma (1942–43)
439:Burma (1941–42)
432:Burma and India
364:Franco-Thai War
311:Andaman Islands
238:Central Pacific
229:
224:
222:
187:
182:
170:
165:
160:
133:
131:
108:
106:
94:
92:
77:British victory
69:
44:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2528:
2518:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2436:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2402:Beruwala riots
2399:
2393:
2387:
2381:
2376:
2370:
2364:
2358:
2353:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2326:
2324:
2322:civil disorder
2316:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2271:
2269:
2267:(1948–present)
2261:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2249:
2243:
2237:
2231:
2219:
2217:
2215:British Ceylon
2211:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2201:
2195:
2189:
2183:
2177:
2171:
2165:
2159:
2153:
2147:
2140:
2138:
2129:
2121:
2120:
2108:
2107:
2100:
2093:
2085:
2076:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2050:
2049:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1950:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1877:East Turkestan
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1848:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1827:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1818:German Albania
1809:
1807:
1805:Axis countries
1800:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1791:
1790:
1788:Vanguard Youth
1785:
1777:
1776:
1775:
1770:
1762:
1761:
1760:
1755:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1711:
1710:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1665:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1643:Armistice Army
1640:
1636:
1634:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1601:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1568:
1567:
1562:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1469:Armistice Army
1466:
1461:
1460:
1459:
1454:
1452:Balli Kombëtar
1449:
1440:
1438:
1423:
1412:
1411:
1408:Imperial Japan
1400:
1399:
1392:
1385:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1365:
1358:
1357:External links
1355:
1354:
1353:
1346:
1333:
1326:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1284:
1253:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1215:
1208:
1201:
1194:
1187:
1180:
1171:
1168:R. S. Hamilton
1164:
1157:
1148:
1130:
1127:
1102:
1099:
1030:British Empire
1020:
1017:
1013:D S Senanayake
944:(CLI) and the
926:Main article:
923:
920:
876:
875:
873:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
840:
835:
830:
823:
818:
813:
812:
811:
801:
796:
795:
794:
784:
779:
768:
763:
757:
754:
753:
742:
741:
734:
727:
719:
710:
709:
699:
698:
693:
692:
691:
681:
673:
672:
666:
665:
660:
653:
652:
651:
641:
639:South Sakhalin
636:
631:
626:
619:
614:
609:
608:
607:
602:
597:
592:
581:
580:
574:
573:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
530:
529:
523:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
475:
470:
464:
463:
457:
456:
451:
446:
441:
435:
434:
428:
427:
422:
415:
408:
401:
396:
394:Malacca Strait
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
355:
354:
352:Southeast Asia
348:
347:
342:
337:
336:
335:
325:
320:
319:
318:
308:
302:
301:
295:
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
262:Doolittle Raid
259:
252:
247:
241:
240:
234:
231:
230:
221:
220:
213:
206:
198:
190:
189:
184:
178:
177:
173:
172:
162:
156:
155:
151:
150:
139:
128:
127:
123:
122:
119:
118:
117:
115:British Ceylon
101:United Kingdom
88:
87:
83:
82:
79:
78:
75:
71:
70:
65:
63:
59:
58:
55:
47:
46:
36:
35:
28:
27:
21:
20:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2527:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2317:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2262:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2212:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2182: (1470s)
2181:
2178:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2133:
2130:
2122:
2116:
2106:
2101:
2099:
2094:
2092:
2087:
2086:
2083:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2054:
2051:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1830:Baltic states
1828:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1801:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1753:Asano Brigade
1751:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1693:Golden Square
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1648:Black Columns
1646:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1628:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1507:Golden Square
1505:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1484:Blue Division
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1458:
1457:Cham Albanian
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1431:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1398:
1393:
1391:
1386:
1384:
1379:
1378:
1375:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1334:
1331:
1328:Crusz, Noel,
1327:
1324:
1320:
1319:
1298:
1294:
1288:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1257:
1249:
1245:
1238:
1236:
1231:
1220:
1216:
1213:
1212:F. J. Daniels
1209:
1206:
1202:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1165:
1162:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1135:court martial
1126:
1124:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1098:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1085:
1082:
1078:
1077:State Council
1074:
1070:
1066:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1000:
998:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
976:
972:
965:
963:
959:
958:Cocos Islands
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
929:
919:
917:
913:
908:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
887:was a failed
886:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
845:
844:Monsun Gruppe
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
828:
824:
822:
819:
817:
816:Cocos Islands
814:
810:
807:
806:
805:
802:
800:
797:
793:
790:
789:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
777:
773:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
758:
755:
750:
740:
735:
733:
728:
726:
721:
720:
717:
707:
706:
705:
697:
694:
690:
687:
686:
685:
682:
680:
679:
675:
674:
671:
668:
667:
664:
661:
659:
658:
654:
650:
647:
646:
645:
644:Kuril Islands
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
624:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
587:
586:
583:
582:
579:
576:
575:
572:
571:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
531:
528:
527:North America
525:
524:
521:
520:Borneo (1945)
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
480:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
465:
462:
459:
458:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
436:
433:
430:
429:
426:
423:
421:
420:
416:
414:
413:
409:
407:
406:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
356:
353:
350:
349:
346:
343:
341:
340:Bay of Bengal
338:
334:
331:
330:
329:
326:
324:
321:
317:
314:
313:
312:
309:
307:
304:
303:
300:
297:
296:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
257:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
242:
239:
236:
235:
232:
227:
219:
214:
212:
207:
205:
200:
199:
196:
185:
180:
179:
174:
169:
163:
158:
157:
152:
148:
143:
140:
130:
129:
124:
120:
116:
105:
104:
103:
102:
90:
89:
84:
76:
73:
72:
68:
64:
61:
60:
56:
53:
52:
48:
42:
37:
34:
29:
24:
19:
2435: (2020)
2404: (2002)
2398: (2001)
2392: (2000)
2386: (1997)
2375: (1983)
2369: (1983)
2363: (1981)
2254: (1942)
2251:
2242: (1895)
2236: (1848)
2194: (1603)
2188: (1603)
2170: (1168)
2164: (1160)
2146: (1084)
2024:Soviet Union
1907:(until 1944)
1866:
1609:Afrika Korps
1502:(until 1944)
1349:
1329:
1322:
1301:. Retrieved
1297:the original
1287:
1275:. Retrieved
1271:the original
1266:
1256:
1247:
1205:M. A. Hopman
1132:
1120:
1104:
1095:
1061:
1049:
1038:
1022:
1001:
995:
984:Pearl Harbor
974:
970:
966:
950:Nazi Germany
931:
909:
884:
882:
870:17 July 1944
843:
826:
815:
775:
771:
702:
701:
676:
656:
622:
569:
564:Project Hula
549:Fort Stevens
478:
418:
411:
404:
292:Ocean Island
255:
245:Pearl Harbor
188:8 imprisoned
91:
86:Belligerents
33:World War II
18:
2135:Monarchical
2029:Byelorussia
1999:Philippines
1989:Netherlands
1619:Ostlegionen
1421:Axis forces
1198:A. B. Edema
986:had to the
969:sinking of
940:(CGA), the
689:Mutanchiang
510:New Britain
226:Pacific War
2454:Categories
2367:Black July
2128:rebellions
1979:Madagascar
1974:Luxembourg
1316:References
1303:4 December
1142:Bombardier
954:Seychelles
922:Background
893:Sri Lankan
821:Madagascar
766:8 May 1941
634:Sagami Bay
623:Starvation
505:New Guinea
186:3 executed
57:8 May 1942
2320:Riots and
2265:Sri Lanka
2137:Sri Lanka
2126:coups and
2124:Attempted
2056:(limited)
1954:Indonesia
1932:Indochina
1882:Manchukuo
1845:Lithuania
1803:Lists by
1683:Gakutotai
1419:Lists by
1293:"Journal"
1129:Mutineers
1108:divisions
1101:Aftermath
988:Americans
678:Kantokuen
585:Air raids
500:Australia
490:Coral Sea
384:Singapore
379:Hong Kong
183:1 wounded
2061:Thailand
2041:Chechnya
2019:Slovakia
1937:Cambodia
1887:Mongolia
1857:Bulgaria
1730:Makapili
1631:Japanese
1489:Chetniks
1342:Archived
1277:30 March
1041:Bren gun
1005:Sinkiang
956:and the
912:garrison
776:Kormoran
696:Chongjin
657:Downfall
595:Yokosuka
412:Tiderace
369:Thailand
181:1 killed
154:Strength
62:Location
31:Part of
2046:Ukraine
2034:Belarus
2009:Romania
1947:Vietnam
1922:Hungary
1904:Finland
1899:Denmark
1894:Croatia
1852:Belgium
1835:Estonia
1813:Albania
1435:Italian
1217:Gunner
1210:Gunner
1203:Gunner
1196:Gunner
1189:Gunner
1182:Gunner
1166:Gunner
1159:Gunner
1088:Admiral
1053:Colombo
975:Repulse
897:British
833:RĂ©union
649:Shumshu
534:Ellwood
399:Vietnam
2352:(1971)
2066:Taiwan
2014:Serbia
2004:Poland
1994:Norway
1984:Malaya
1917:Greece
1912:France
1867:Ceylon
1840:Latvia
1430:German
1151:Gunner
1116:Malaya
1112:rubber
1019:Mutiny
996:Hermes
889:mutiny
809:Ceylon
772:Sydney
419:Zipper
405:Jurist
374:Malaya
333:Ceylon
267:Midway
164:15 men
159:26 men
144:
112:
98:
74:Result
2053:Spain
1969:Korea
1964:Italy
1927:India
1872:China
1862:Burma
1698:Heiho
1226:Notes
590:Tokyo
578:Japan
495:Timor
1959:Iraq
1942:Laos
1512:Hiwi
1406:and
1305:2005
1279:2021
1123:LSSP
1121:The
1086:and
1071:and
973:and
967:The
883:The
827:Stab
774:and
600:Kure
287:Truk
54:Date
1432:and
1081:Sir
891:by
838:Goa
2456::
1340:.
1265:.
1246:.
1234:^
1059:.
964:.
907:.
570:PX
479:RY
166:1
2104:e
2097:t
2090:v
1396:e
1389:t
1382:v
1307:.
1281:.
1250:.
738:e
731:t
724:v
256:K
217:e
210:t
203:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
_Islands-CIA_WFB_Map.png)
