3107:
2571:
for socialism to actually exist. He said that, "the broad masses of the working people freely aired their views on the new
Fundamental Law of our state of the dictatorship of the proletariat. About 1,500,000 people, practically the entire adult population of the country, participated in the meetings which were held, and about 300,000 people contributed to the discussion... The great popular discussion, characterized by a free and fruitful thrashing out of opinions, by lively and constructive debate, was a clear expression of our socialist democracy in action and the genuine sovereignty of the people. It demonstrated in practice that in socialist Albania the people are the masters, that nothing is done against their will." The numerous testimonies of those who suffered under the religious persecution of this era, however, casts serious doubts into how "free and fruitful" the thrashing out of opinions in this grand debate were, and consequently as critics of the regime would argue, the genuinely socialist character of Albania's socialist democracy.
1850:
Communist Party of
Yugoslavia's Central Committee accused Hoxha of following "independent" policies and turning the Albanian people against Yugoslavia. This was the closest Hoxha ever came to being removed from power. Apparently attempting to buy support inside the Albanian Communist Party, Belgrade extended Tirana credits which were worth 40 million USD, an amount which was equivalent to 58% of Albania's 1947 state budget. A year later, Yugoslavia's credits accounted for nearly half of Albania's 1948 state budget. Relations worsened in the fall, however, when Spiru's commission developed an economic plan that stressed self-sufficiency, light industry, and agriculture. The Yugoslavs complained bitterly. Subsequently, at a November 1947 meeting of the Albanian Economic Central Committee, Spiru came under intense criticism, which was spearheaded by Xoxe. Failure to win support from anyone within the party (he was effectively a
5266:"Onset in 1967 of the campaign by Albania's communist party, the Albanian Party of Labour (PLA), to eradicate organised religion, a prime target of which was the Orthodox Church. Many churches were damaged or destroyed during this period, and many Greek-language books were banned because of their religious themes or orientation. Yet, as in other communist states, particularly in the Balkans, where measures which were putatively geared towards the consolidation of political control intersected with the pursuit of national integration, it is often impossible to draw sharp distinctions between the ideological and ethno-cultural bases of repression. This is all the more true in the case of Albania's anti-religious campaign because it was merely one element of the broader "Ideological and Cultural Revolution" which was begun by Hoxha in 1966 but whose main features he outlined at the PLA's Fourth Congress in 1961"
3438:
3142:
4721:
660:
2331:, sowing discord within the APL and army, and using economic blackmail. "Soviet rats were able to eat while the Albanian people were dying of hunger," Hoxha railed, referring to purposely delayed Soviet grain deliveries. Communist leaders loyal to Moscow described Hoxha's performance as "gangsterish" and "infantile," and the speech extinguished any chance of an agreement between Moscow and Tirana. For the next year, Albania played proxy for China. Pro-Soviet Communist parties, reluctant to confront China directly, criticized Beijing by castigating Albania. China, for its part, frequently gave prominence to the Albanians' fulminations against the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia, which Tirana referred to as a "socialist hell."
4062:
131:
4308:
4672:
4451:
117:
4182:
2612:
4541:
3288:
4680:
4549:
4459:
4390:
4353:
4253:
4190:
4103:
3971:
3933:
3770:
3661:
3631:
3525:
3446:
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1882:) meeting a month later, Xoxe proposed appealing to Belgrade to admit Albania as a seventh Yugoslav republic. However, when the Cominform expelled Yugoslavia on 28 June, Albania made a rapid about-face in its policy towards Yugoslavia. Three days later, Tirana gave the Yugoslav advisers in Albania 48 hours to leave the country, rescinded all bilateral economic agreements with its neighbor, and launched a virulent anti-Yugoslav propaganda blitz that transformed Stalin into an Albanian national hero, Hoxha into a warrior against foreign aggression, and Tito into an imperialist monster.
4382:
4215:
3795:
3401:
2884:
and laws, approving plans for economic and cultural development as well as state budget, ratifying international treaties, granting amnesty, defining the "administrative and territorial structure", and deciding on popular referendums. It also elected and dismissed the
Presidium of the Peoples Assembly, the Council of Ministers, and the Supreme Court of Albania. The People's Assembly was composed of 250 deputies who were "elected in constituencies with an equal number of inhabitants" for a term of four years. It met in normal session twice per year.
5760:
4484:
3708:
1668:
2929:"Hoxha's modernization program aimed to transform Albania from a backward agrarian country into a modern industrial society, and indeed, within four decades, Albania made respectable, even historic, progress in the development of industry, agriculture, education, arts and culture. One of the most notable achievements has been the drainage of coastal swamps-formerly breeding grounds for malaria mosquitoes-and the reclamation of land for agricultural and industrial use. The historic reform of the language, which merged elements of the
4128:
3588:
2159:, the Albanian Communists relationship with the Union began to decline. Tirana and Belgrade renewed diplomatic relations in December 1953, but Hoxha refused Khrushchev's repeated appeals to posthumously rehabilitate the pro-Yugoslav Xoxe as a gesture to Tito. The Albanian duo instead entrenched their political position, expanding their control over their country's domestic life and letting the propaganda war with the Yugoslavs grind on. In 1955 Albania became a founding member of the Warsaw Treaty Organization, better known as the
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223:
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3226:
3608:
3169:
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7536:
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Tirana's propaganda continued to refer to Soviet officials as "treacherous revisionists" and "traitors to
Communism," and in 1964, Hoxha said that Albania's terms for reconciliation were a Soviet apology to Albania and reparations for damages which it had inflicted on the country. Albania had also been feuding with Moscow over suggestions that Albania should focus on agriculture to the detriment of industrial development. Soviet-Albanian relations dipped to new lows after the
3555:
2486:
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4328:
4024:
3320:
5704:
4419:
3745:
8115:
7694:
7608:
4278:
4095:
3691:
725:
2335:
2697:, Albania netted around US$ 750 in gross national product per capita throughout much of the 1980s. As Hoxha's health slipped, muted calls arose for the relaxation of party controls and greater openness. In response, Hoxha launched a fresh series of purges that removed the defense minister and many top military officials. A year later, Hoxha purged ministers who were responsible for the country's economy and replaced them with younger people.
8570:
4581:
685:
4573:
2427:
8453:
3905:
3725:
2672:
2494:
2226:
2945:(IDRA), showed that 42% of Albanians believe that Enver Hoxha had a positive impact on history – not much less than 45% who see his impact as negative. Citizens in the regions of southern and southwestern Albania that were interviewed, had the most positive view of Hoxha, with 55%. Approximately 35% of respondents said that the communist past was not a problem for them, while 62% saw it as "at least somewhat problematic".
4616:
4162:
3505:
4608:
4740:
2388:
promised machinery and equipment on time. The low productivity, flawed planning, poor workmanship, and inefficient management at
Albanian enterprises became clear when Soviet and Eastern European aid and advisers were withdrawn. In 1962, the Albanian government introduced an austerity program, appealing to the people to conserve resources, cut production costs, and abandon unnecessary investment.
3815:
3193:
2144:. In July 1953, Hoxha handed over the foreign affairs and defense portfolios to loyal followers, but he kept both the top party post and the premiership until 1954, when Shehu became Albania's prime minister. The Soviet Union, responding with an effort to raise the Albanian leaders' morale, elevated diplomatic relations between the two countries to the ambassadorial level.
2530:
the military, and renounced professionalism in the army. Railing against a "white-collar mentality," the authorities also slashed the salaries of mid- and high-level officials, ousted administrators and specialists from their desk jobs, and sent such persons to toil in the factories and fields. Six ministries, including the
Ministry of Justice, were eliminated.
2199:. There was further tension over a Comecon plan for integrating the East European economies, which called for Albania to produce agricultural goods and minerals instead of emphasizing the development of heavy industry. On a twelve-day visit to Albania in 1959, Khrushchev reportedly tried to convince Hoxha and Shehu that their country should aspire to become "
2307:. Albania's delegation, alone among the European delegations, supported the Chinese. The Soviet Union immediately retaliated by organizing a campaign to oust Hoxha and Shehu in the summer of 1960. Moscow cut promised grain deliveries to Albania during a drought, and the Soviet embassy in Tirana overtly encouraged a pro-Soviet faction in the
2120:
number of hospital beds rose from 1,765 in 1945 to about 5,500 in 1953. Better health-care and living conditions produced an improvement in
Albania's dismal infant-mortality rate, lowering it from 112.2 deaths per 1,000 live births in 1945 to 99.5 deaths per 1,000 births in 1953. The education system, geared towards cementing
2311:(APL) to speak out against the party's pro-Chinese stance. Moscow also apparently involved itself in a plot within the APL to unseat Hoxha and Shehu by force. But given their tight control of the party machinery, army, and Shehu's secret police, the Directorate of State Security (Drejtorija e Sigurimit të Shtetit—
2692:
and it also began to stress the principle of self-reliance as the keystone of the country's strategy for economic development. Albania, however, did not have many resources of its own, and Hoxha's cautious opening to the outside world was not enough to bolster
Albania's economy, and nascent movements
1571:
in August 1968. The government implemented reforms which were aimed at modernizing
Albania, and they resulted in significant gains in the areas of industry, agriculture, education, the arts, and culture, which contributed to a general increase in the Albanian population's standard of living. However,
5391:
The survey, conducted by IDRA think tank and presented by OSCE Ambassador Bernd
Borchardt, surprisingly revealed that 42 per cent of Albanians believed Stalinist dictator Enver Hoxha had a positive impact on history – not much less than the 45 percent who see his impact as negative. Some 35 per cent
2570:
On 1 November 1977, Enver Hoxha claimed in his Report submitted to the 7th Congress of the Party of Labor of Albania on the activity of the Party's Central Committee that the 1976 Constitution was an embodiment of the free will of the Albanian people, because genuine democracy was necessary in order
2529:
in China in 1966, Hoxha launched his own Cultural and Ideological Revolution. The Albanian leader concentrated on reforming the military, government bureaucracy, and economy as well as on creating new support for his system. The regime abolished military ranks, reintroduced political commissars into
2365:
China again compensated Albania for the loss of Soviet economic support, supplying about 90% of the parts, foodstuffs, and other goods the Soviet Union had promised. China lent Albania money on more favorable terms than Moscow, and, unlike Soviet advisers, Chinese technicians earned the same low pay
2194:
in 1956. Hoxha during this period purged party moderates with pro-Soviet and pro-Yugoslav leanings, however toned down his anti-Yugoslav rhetoric after a successful April 1957 trip to Moscow. This trip proved pivotal for the Albanian State, Hoxha having won cancellation of about US$ 105 million
1745:
In late 1945 and early 1946, Xoxe and other party hard-liners purged moderates who had pressed for close contacts with the West, a modicum of political pluralism, and a delay in the introduction of strict communist economic measures until Albania's economy had more time to develop. Hoxha remained in
1698:
In December 1944, the provisional government adopted laws allowing the state to regulate foreign and domestic trade, commercial enterprises, and the few industries the country possessed. The laws sanctioned confiscation of property belonging to political exiles and "enemies of the people." The state
2883:
According to the Albanian constitution of 1976, legislative powers were vested in the People's Assembly, which the constitution described as "the supreme organ of state power". Its competences included directing the internal and external policies of Albania, approving and amending the constitution
2844:
in national elections. The change from dictatorship to democracy came with many challenges. The Democratic Party had to implement the reforms it had promised, but they were either too slow or did not solve the country's problems, so people were disappointed when their hopes for fast prosperity went
2549:
had divided the Albanian nation and kept it mired in backwardness. Student agitators combed the countryside, forcing Albanians to quit practicing their faiths. Despite complaints, even by APL members, all churches, mosques, monasteries, and other religious institutions were closed or converted into
2124:
and creating the academic and technical cadres necessary for construction of a socialist state and society, also improved dramatically. The number of schools, teachers, and students doubled between 1945 and 1950. Illiteracy declined from perhaps 85% in 1946 to 31% in 1950. The Soviet Union provided
2119:
improved dramatically for Albania's 1.2 million people in the early 1950s. The number of Albanian doctors increased by a third to about 150 early in the decade (although the doctor-patient ratio remained unacceptable by most standards), and the state opened new medical-training facilities. The
1714:
Under the Agrarian Reform Law, which redistributed about half of Albania's arable land, the government confiscated property belonging to absentee landlords and people not dependent on agriculture for a living. The few peasants with agricultural machinery were permitted to keep up to 40 hectares (99
2725:
was enshrined in law and the government was prohibited from seeking financial aid or credits or forming joint companies with partners from capitalist or revisionist communist countries. The constitution's preamble also boasted that the foundations of religious belief had been abolished in Albania.
1729:
The assembly convened in January 1946. Its first act was to formally dethrone Zog, abolish the monarchy and to declare Albania a "people's republic." However, the country had already been under out-and-out Communist rule for just over two years. After months of angry debate, the assembly adopted a
2741:
family. Shehu allegedly committed suicide on 17 December 1981. Some suspect that Hoxha had him killed. Hoxha had Shehu's wife and three sons arrested, one of whom killed himself in prison. In November 1982, Hoxha announced that Shehu had been simultaneously working as a foreign spy for the United
2374:
in Europe and acted as China's chief spokesman at the United Nations. To Albania's dismay, however, Chinese equipment and technicians were not nearly as sophisticated as the Soviet goods and advisers they replaced. Ironically, a language barrier even forced the Chinese and Albanian technicians to
2345:
Hoxha and Shehu continued their harangue against the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia at the APL's Fourth Party Congress in February 1961. During the congress, the Albanian government announced the broad outlines of the country's Third Five-Year Plan (1961–65), which allocated 54% of all investment to
1885:
Albania entered an orbit around the Soviet Union, and in September 1948 Moscow stepped in to compensate for Albania's loss of Yugoslav aid. The shift proved to be a boon for Albania because Moscow had far more to offer Albania than hard-strapped Belgrade had. The fact that the Soviet Union had no
1702:
In August 1945, the provisional government adopted the first sweeping agricultural reforms in Albania's history. The country's 100 largest landowners, who controlled close to a third of Albania's arable land, had frustrated all agricultural reform proposals before the war. The communists' reforms
2839:
Alia's party won the elections on 31 March 1991—the first free elections held in decades. Nevertheless, it was clear that the change would not be stopped. The position of the communists was confirmed in the first round of elections under a 1991 interim law, but two months later, it fell during a
2749:
In 1983 Hoxha relinquished many of his duties due to poor health, and Alia assumed responsibility for Albania's administration. Alia traveled around Albania extensively, standing in for Hoxha at major events and delivering addresses laying down new policies and intoning litanies to the enfeebled
2700:
As Hoxha began to experience more health problems, he progressively withdrew from state affairs and took longer and more frequent leaves of absence. Meanwhile, he began to plan an orderly succession. He worked to institutionalize his policies, hoping to frustrate any attempt which his successors
1898:
in Albania brought the liquidation of 14 members of the party's 31 person Central Committee and 32 of the 109 People's Assembly deputies. Overall, the party expelled about 25% of its members. Yugoslavia responded by launching a propaganda counterattack and canceling its treaty of friendship with
1877:
The pro-Yugoslav faction wielded decisive political power in Albania well into 1948. At a party plenum in February and March, the communist leadership voted to merge the Albanian and Yugoslav economies and militaries. Hoxha even denounced Spiru for attempting to ruin Albanian-Yugoslav relations.
2387:
The shift away from the Soviet Union wreaked havoc on Albania's economy. Half of its imports and exports had been geared toward Soviet suppliers and markets, so the souring of Tirana's relations with Moscow brought Albania's foreign trade to near collapse as China proved incapable of delivering
2349:
After additional sharp exchanges between Soviet and Chinese delegates over Albania at the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Twenty-Second Party Congress in October 1961, Khrushchev lambasted the Albanians for executing an allegedly pregnant, pro-Soviet member of the Albanian party Politburo
2107:
Soviet-Albanian relations remained warm during the last years of Stalin's life, although Albania was an economic liability for the Soviet Union. Albania conducted all its foreign trade with Soviet European countries in 1949, 1950, and 1951 – and over half its trade with the Soviet Union itself.
1985:
Following a wave of subversive activity, including the failed infiltration and the March 1951 bombing of the Soviet embassy in Tirana, the Communist authorities implemented harsh internal security measures. In September 1952, the assembly enacted a penal code that required the death penalty for
1782:
In July 1946, Yugoslavia and Albania signed a treaty of friendship and cooperation that was quickly followed by a series of technical and economic agreements laying the groundwork for integrating the Albanian and Yugoslav economies. The pacts provided for coordinating the economic plans of both
1753:
in 1946. It nationalized all industries, transformed foreign trade into a government monopoly, brought almost all domestic trade under state control, and banned land sales and transfers. Planners at the newly founded Economic Planning Commission emphasized industrial development and in 1947 the
2622:
Albanian-Chinese relations had stagnated by 1970, and when China began to reemerge from isolation and the Cultural Revolution in the early 1970s, Mao and the other Chinese leaders reassessed their commitment to Albania. In response, Albania began to broaden its contacts with the outside world.
5415:
According to a survey report on the Understanding and Perception of Citizens of the Communist Past in Albania, almost half of the population of Albania sees Enver Hoxha's role in the history of the country as positive. The study found that 55 percent of citizens in the regions of southern and
2574:
During the Cultural and Ideological Revolution, traditional kinship links in Albania, which were centered on the patriarchal family, were shattered by the postwar repression of clan leaders, collectivization of agriculture, industrialization, migration from the countryside to urban areas, and
2396:
In October 1964, Hoxha hailed Khrushchev's fall from power, and the Soviet Union's new leaders made overtures to Tirana. It soon became clear, however, that the new Soviet leadership had no intention of changing its basic policies to suit Albania, and relations failed to improve. For decades,
1915:
personnel in the country, charging that they had instigated anti-Communist uprisings in the northern mountains. Britain announced in April that it would not send a diplomatic mission to Tirana; the United States withdrew its mission in November; and both the United States and Britain opposed
1849:
In 1947, Yugoslavia acted against anti-Yugoslav Albanian communists, including Hoxha and Spiru. In May, Tirana announced the arrest, trial, and conviction of nine People's Assembly members, all of whom were known for opposing Yugoslavia, on charges of antistate activities. A month later, the
1841:
Relations between Albania and Yugoslavia declined, however, when the Albanians began complaining that the Yugoslavs were paying too little for Albanian raw materials and exploiting Albania through the joint stock companies. In addition, the Albanians sought investment funds to develop light
2383:
agreements. The other East European communist nations, however, did not break diplomatic or trade links with Albania. In 1964, the Albanians went so far as to seize the empty Soviet embassy in Tirana, and Albanian workers pressed on with construction of the Palace of Culture on their own.
1715:
acres) of land. Landholdings of religious institutions and peasants without agricultural machinery were limited to 20 hectares (49 acres). Finally, landless peasants and peasants with tiny landholdings were given up to 5 hectares (12 acres), although they had to pay nominal compensation.
2558:
later stipulated in Article 37 that "The state recognizes no religion whatever and supports atheist propaganda for the purpose of inculcating the scientific materialist world outlook in people" and Article 55 explicitly forbade the formation of "any type of organization of a fascist,
2750:
president. Hoxha died on 11 April 1985. Alia succeeded Hoxha to the presidency and became the legal secretary of the APL two days later. In due course, he became a dominant figure in the Albanian media, and his slogans were painted in crimson letters on signboards across the country.
2186:". Hoxha, deeply alarmed by the denunciation, defended Stalin and refused to follow Khrushchev's attempt at stepping away from the prior Soviet Administration. As the first years of the Khrushchev Administration passed, Hoxha continued to maintain this position, including through the
2326:
Albania again sided with the People's Republic of China when it launched an attack on the Soviet Union's leadership of the international communist movement at the November 1960 Moscow conference of the world's 81 communist parties. Hoxha inveighed against Khrushchev for encouraging
3106:
2864:. The government attempted to suppress the rebellion by military force but the attempt failed, due to long-term corruption of the armed forces, forcing other nations to intervene. Pursuant to the 1991 interim basic law, Albanians ratified a constitution in 1998, establishing a
212:
2667:
of July 1975. Soon after Mao's death in 1976, Hoxha criticized the new leadership as well as Beijing's pragmatic policy towards the United States and Western Europe. China retorted by inviting Tito to visit Beijing in 1977 and ending assistance programs for Albania in 1978.
198:
210:
1982:, a Soviet double agent working as a liaison officer between the British intelligence service and the United States Central Intelligence Agency, had leaked details of the infiltration plan to Moscow, and the security breach claimed the lives of about 300 infiltrators.
204:
211:
2554:, a feat which was trumpeted as one of Enver Hoxha's greatest achievements. While the Albanian Constitution had formally guaranteed freedom of religion to the Albanian people right up until that time, religious freedom was virtually non-existent after 1967. The 1976
203:
206:
199:
197:
196:
192:
208:
194:
193:
191:
207:
205:
202:
209:
195:
2891:
The supreme and executive organ of the government was the Council of Ministers. They were appointed from among the ranks of the People's Assembly. Like the People's Assembly, it also had its own presidium, which was composed of a Chairman and Vice-Chairmen.
201:
200:
1986:
anyone over eleven years old who was found guilty of conspiring against the state, damaging state property, or committing economic sabotage. Political executions were common and between 5,000 and 25,000 people were killed in total during the Communist era.
1890:(APL), the former Albanian Communist Party which renamed itself at Stalin's suggestion, Hoxha pinned the blame for the country's woes on Yugoslavia and Xoxe. Hoxha had Xoxe sacked as Albania's internal affairs minister in October, and he was replaced with
2693:
for change stirred up inside Albania. Without Chinese or Soviet aid, the country began to experience widespread shortages of everything from machine parts to wheat and animal feed. Infrastructure and living standards began to collapse. According to the
2059:
paid direct contributions to the treasury from their profits and kept only a share authorized for self-financed investments and other purposes. In 1951 the Albanian government launched its first five-year plan, which emphasized utilizing the country's
2836:. On 11 December 1990, under enormous pressure from students and workers, Alia announced that the Party of Labor had abandoned its guaranteed right to rule, that other parties could be formed, and free elections would be held in the spring of 1991.
1730:
constitution that mirrored the Yugoslav and Soviet constitutions. A couple of months later, the assembly members chose a new government, which was emblematic of Hoxha's continuing consolidation of power: Hoxha became simultaneously prime minister,
2913:
2550:
warehouses, gymnasiums, and workshops by year's end. A special decree abrogated the charters by which the country's main religious communities had operated. The campaign culminated in an announcement that Albania had become the world's first
2887:
The Presidium of the People's Assembly was described as "a superior organ of the state power with permanent activity" in the 1976 constitution. It was composed of a President, three Vice-Presidents, one Secretary, and ten other members.
1778:
to Albania after the war. In January 1945, the two governments signed a treaty establishing Kosovo as a Yugoslav autonomous province. Shortly thereafter, Yugoslavia became the first country to recognize Albania's provisional government.
1846:, became the leading critic of Yugoslavia's efforts to exert economic control over Albania. Tito distrusted the intellectuals (Hoxha and his allies) of the Albanian Party and, through Xoxe and his loyalists, attempted to unseat them.
2768:
maintained firm control of the country and its security apparatus, but Albania's desperate economic situation required Alia to introduce some reforms. Continuing a policy set by Hoxha, Alia reestablished diplomatic relations with
2737:. Hoxha first tried to convince Shehu to voluntarily step aside, but when this move failed, Hoxha arranged for all of the members of the Politburo to rebuke him for allowing his son to become engaged to the daughter of a former
1866:. Rather, Yugoslavia represented Albania at Cominform meetings. Although the Soviet Union gave Albania a pledge to build textile and sugar mills and other factories and provide agricultural and industrial machinery to Albania,
190:
2583:
in traditional Albanian society, women did most of the work at home and they also did most of the work in the fields. Before World War II, about 90% of Albania's women were illiterate, and in many areas, they were regarded as
1861:
The insignificance of Albania's standing in the communist world was clearly highlighted when the emerging Eastern European nations did not invite the Party of Labour of Albania to the September 1947 founding meeting of the
1821:
Joint Albanian–Yugoslav companies were created for mining, railroad construction, the production of petroleum and electricity, and international trade. Yugoslav investments led to the construction of a sugar refinery in
4938:...the Treason Trial conducted by the Special Court (Gjyqi Special), at which 60 members of the pre-Communist establishment were sentenced to death and long prison sentences as war criminals and enemies of the people
1842:
industries and an oil refinery, while the Yugoslavs wanted the Albanians to concentrate on agriculture and raw-material extraction. The head of Albania's Economic Planning Commission, and Hoxha's right-hand man,
2588:
under ancient tribal laws and customs. During the Cultural and Ideological Revolution, the party encouraged women to take jobs outside the home in an effort to compensate for labor shortages and overcome their
2346:
industry, thereby rejecting Khrushchev's wish to make Albania primarily an agricultural producer. Moscow responded by canceling aid programs and lines of credit for Albania, but China again came to the rescue.
1838:, and a printing press, telephone exchange, and textile mill in Tirana. The Yugoslavs also bolstered the Albanian economy by paying three times the international price for Albanian copper and other materials.
2687:
left Albania with no foreign benefactor. Albania ignored calls to normalize relations by the United States and the Soviet Union. Instead, Albania expanded its diplomatic ties with Western Europe and the
2701:
might make to venture from the Stalinist path which he had blazed for Albania. In December 1976, Albania adopted its second Stalinist constitution of the postwar era. The document guaranteed Albanians
2136:
Stalin died in March 1953, and apparently fearing that the Soviet leader's demise might encourage rivals within the Albanian party's ranks, neither Hoxha nor Shehu risked traveling to Moscow to attend
2868:
based upon the rule of law and guaranteeing the protection of fundamental human rights. The name "People's Socialist Republic of Albania" was officially illegitimate after November 28, 1998 with the
2354:, and the Soviet Union finally broke diplomatic relations with Albania in December. Moscow then withdrew all Soviet economic advisers and technicians from the country, including those at work on the
1649:. In most of the rest of what became the Eastern Bloc, the Communist parties were nominally part of a coalition government for a few years before seizing full control and creating one-party states.
2140:. The Soviet Union's subsequent movement toward rapprochement with the Yugoslavs alarmed the two Albanian leaders. Tirana soon came under pressure from Moscow to copy, at least formally, the new
1265:
188:
4782:
1954:
to overthrow Albania's Communist government by backing anti-Communist and royalist forces within the country. By 1949 the United States and British intelligence organizations were working with
2323:, were eventually tried and executed. The PRC immediately began making up for the cancellation of Soviet wheat shipments despite a paucity of foreign currency and its own economic hardships.
2195:
in outstanding loans and about US$ 7.8 million in additional food assistance. By 1958, however, tensions had re-sparked between Hoxha and Tito, with continued conflict over the issue of
1699:
also expropriated all German- and Italian-owned property, nationalized transportation enterprises, and canceled all concessions granted by previous Albanian governments to foreign companies.
6881:
963:
5056:
2534:
even spread to the remote mountains. In addition, the government attacked dissident writers and artists, reformed its educational system, and generally reinforced Albania's isolation from
1943:. Britain challenged Albania by sailing four destroyers into the channel. Two of the ships struck mines on 22 October 1946, and 44 crew members died. Britain complained to the UN and the
2742:
States, British, Soviet, and Yugoslav intelligence agencies in planning the assassination of Hoxha himself. "He was buried like a dog," Hoxha wrote in the Albanian edition of his book,
2272:
in Tirana as a symbol of the Soviet people's "love and friendship" for the Albanians. But despite these gestures, Tirana was dissatisfied with Moscow's economic policy towards Albania.
1886:
common border with Albania also appealed to the Albanian regime because it made it more difficult for Moscow to exert pressure on Tirana. In November at the First Party Congress of the
189:
2366:
as Albanian workers and lived in similar housing. China also presented Albania with a powerful radio transmission station from which Tirana sang the praises of Stalin, Hoxha, and
2104:
of farmland in 1955. At the time, private farms still produced about 87% of Albania's agricultural output, but by 1960 the same percentage came from collective or state farms.
1588:
and executions. However, other direct Albanian sources establish the number of approximately 6,000 executions, mostly carried out in the period of the civil war (1941-1944).
5682:
5034:
2358:, and halted shipments of supplies and spare parts for equipment already in place in Albania. In addition, the Soviet Union continued to dismantle its naval installations on
5779:
2555:
1726:(previously the National Liberation Movement). Official ballot tallies showed that 92% of the electorate voted and that 93% of the voters chose the Democratic Front ticket.
519:
5329:
2032:. Soviet and East European technical advisers took up residence in Albania, and the Soviet Union also sent Albania military advisers and built a submarine installation on
2444:
150:
5227:; p. 138 "Because of its association with the years of repression under communism, Albanians have developed an aversion to collective life in any form, even where it"
2710:
2542:
1028:
1255:
130:
6513:
4960:; p. 222 "the French Communist Party, then ultra-Stalinist in orientation. He may have owed some aspects of his political thought and general psychology to that"
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Hoxha and Shehu, utilizing their immediate successes and Albanians' deep-seated fear of Yugoslav domination, were able to successfully maintain power during the
1815:
8075:
1695:". Many were sentenced to death. Those spared were imprisoned for years in work camps and jails and later settled on state farms built on reclaimed marshlands.
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5392:
of respondents to the survey based on 995 people said the communist past was not a problem for them, while 62 per cent saw it as at least somewhat problematic.
4777:
2541:
After the 5th Congress of the Party of Labor of Albania and Enver Hoxha's speech on 6 February 1967, the authorities launched a violent campaign to extinguish
2232:
built during Hoxha's rule to avert the possibility of external invasions. By 1983 approximately 173,371 concrete bunkers were scattered throughout the country.
1907:
Albania's relations with the West soured after the Communist government's refusal to allow free elections in December 1945. Albania restricted the movement of
1260:
1079:
2721:
but subordinated these rights to the individual's duties to society as a whole. The constitution continued to emphasize national pride and unity, the idea of
2125:
scholarships for Albanian students and supplied specialists and study materials to improve instruction in Albania. The State University of Tirana (later the
1547:. Described by scholars as a totalitarian state, travel and visa restrictions made Albania one of the most difficult countries to visit or travel from. Being
6147:
5928:
2852:
the Democratic Party tried to win an absolute majority by manipulating the results. This government collapsed in 1997 in the wake of additional collapses of
2156:
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states, standardizing their monetary systems, and creating a common pricing system and a customs union. So close was the Yugoslav-Albanian relationship that
1335:
2840:
general strike. A committee of "national salvation" took over but it also collapsed within six months. On 22 March 1992, the Communists were trumped by the
1660:, the LNÇ quickly moved to consolidate its power, liberate the country's tenants and workers, and fraternally link Albania with other socialist countries.
1634:(In Albanian: Lëvizja Nacional-Çlirimtare LNÇ). The Anti-Fascist National Liberation Council, formed in May, became the country's provisional government.
304:
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2000:
Albania primarily depended on Soviet assistance and know-how after its break with Yugoslavia in 1948. In February 1949, Albania gained membership in the
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2268:. The Soviet Union, other Eastern European countries, and China all offered Albania large amounts of aid. Soviet leaders also promised to build a large
5675:
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activities in 1968, it conducted a self-reliance policy for national defence. It was dissolved in 1990 and is retained in its current form through the
1978:); and infiltrated them into Albania. Guerrilla units entered Albania in 1950 and 1952, but Albanian security forces killed or captured all of them.
1939:
between Albania and Britain erupted in 1946 after Tirana claimed jurisdiction over the channel between the Albanian mainland and the Greek island of
1814:
was desperate for outside aid, and about 20,000 tons of Yugoslav grain helped stave off famine. Albania also received US$ 26.3 million from the
6871:
2828:
in December 1989, Alia expedited his reforms, apparently concerned about violence and his own fate if radical changes were not made. He signed the
2660:
2655:. Albania actively worked to reduce its dependence on China by diversifying trade and improving diplomatic and cultural relations, especially with
2280:
apparently decided in either May or June 1960 that Albania was assured of Chinese support, and when sharp polemics erupted between the PRC and the
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116:
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2163:, the only military alliance the nation ever joined. Although the pact represented the first promise Albania had obtained from any of the
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5247:; p. 2 "Enver Hoxha's regime was haunted by fears of external intervention and internal subversion. Albania thus became a fortress state"
2288:, at the time a candidate-member of the Politburo and Hoxha's adviser on ideological questions, played a prominent role in the rhetoric.
1069:
893:
4906:
2647:. Albania's leaders abhorred the contacts of China with the United States in the early 1970s, and its press and radio ignored President
2567:, war-mongering, and anti-socialist activities and propaganda, as well as the incitement of national and racial hatred are prohibited."
122:
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to include Albania, Yugoslavia, and Bulgaria. Yugoslav advisers poured into Albania's government offices and its army headquarters.
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The policies which were pursued by Enver Hoxha and his followers influenced political and economic thought around the world. Thus,
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control despite the fact that he had once advocated restoring relations with Italy and even allowing Albanians to study in Italy.
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7658:
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2872:, although the old communist symbols were already withdrawn and got replaced with the current coat of arms and flag of Albania.
2044:. What little strategic value Albania offered the Soviet Union, however, gradually shrank as nuclear-arms technology developed.
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3061:) was the term for the national army of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania from 1946 to 1990. After withdrawing from
2108:
Together with its satellites, the Soviet Union underwrote shortfalls in Albania's balance-of-payments with long-term grants.
1637:
The government, like the LNÇ, was dominated by the two-year-old Communist Party of Albania, and the party's first secretary,
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were aimed at squeezing large landowners out of business, winning peasant support, and increasing farm output to avert
1607:. The People's Socialist Republic of Albania was officially dissolved on 28 November 1998 upon the adoption of the new
1472:
1217:
1088:
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2405:. The invasion served as the tipping point, and within one month (September 1968) Albania formally withdrew from the
2017:
908:
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811:
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346:
136:
17:
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1874:, at the time a high-ranking member of Yugoslavia's communist hierarchy, that Yugoslavia should "swallow" Albania.
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665:
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2912:. Following the fall of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania in 1991, the Hoxhaist parties regrouped as an
2521:, which demanded that art and literature serve as instruments of government and party policy. As a result, after
2025:
2021:
1719:
1436:
1143:
1097:
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457:
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under pressure from the Yugoslavs, Albania's communists had given up on their demands for a Yugoslav cession of
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2013:
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southwestern Albania that were interviewed, had the most positive view of Albania's former communist dictator.
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1920:(UN). Albania feared that the United States and Britain, which were supporting anti-Communist forces in the
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1707:. The government annulled outstanding agricultural debts, granted peasants access to inexpensive water for
1556:
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1401:
1356:
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1160:
1155:
631:
547:
160:
4827:
Kushtetuta e Republikës Popullore Socialiste të Shqipërisë: miratuar nga Kuvendi Popullor më 28. 12. 1976
2055:
policy and economics. In 1949 Albania adopted the basic elements of the Soviet fiscal system, under which
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parties were founded in many countries and they based their ideology on Enver Hoxha's ideas as to how a
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Congressional record, 66th Congress, 2nd session, Volume 59, Part 7 (4 May 1920 to 24 May 1920), p. 7160
8814:
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8118:
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5088:; p. 210 "with the split in the world communist movement it moved into a close relationship with China"
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30:
This article is about the government which existed between 1946 and 1991. For the current country, see
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remained the only countries that the Soviet Union could use to supply war material to the communists
1995:
1750:
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1329:
506:
4671:
8824:
8143:
7573:
7460:
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2315:), the two Albanian leaders easily parried the threat. Four pro-Soviet Albanian leaders, including
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in 1948, Albania was effectively a Yugoslav satellite. In repudiating the 1943 Albanian internal
1608:
1567:
member to formally withdraw from the alliance before 1990, an action which was occasioned by the
1411:
588:
6109:
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to succeed him as Albania's communist patriarch, overlooking his long-standing comrade-in-arms,
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to defend its borders, the treaty did nothing to assuage the Albanian leaders' deep mistrust of
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7918:
7892:
7702:
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7410:
7074:
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6403:
6349:
6344:
6197:
2714:
2089:
2085:
1936:
1270:
1170:
6099:
1932:; and anxieties grew in July when a United States Senate resolution backed the Greek demands.
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1958:
and the mountainmen of his personal guard. They recruited Albanian refugees and émigrés from
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immediately after the war but had to rely on Yugoslavia for investment and development aid.
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in 1968, and Albania felt that the Soviet Union had become too liberal since the death of
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In the mid-1960s, Albania's leaders grew wary of a threat to their power by a burgeoning
2196:
2164:
1742:. Xoxe remained both internal affairs minister and the party's organizational secretary.
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1600:
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534:
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2147:
Despite some cautious expressions of enthusiasm, Hoxha and Shehu quickly turned against
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5013:"WHPSI": The World Handbook of Political and Social Indicators by Charles Lewis Taylor
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suppression of religion. The postwar regime brought a radical change in the status of
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was proclaimed on 29 April 1991 and the country's first parliamentary elections were
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265:
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2155:" and "different roads to socialism". Raising concerns over supposed steps towards
2101:
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1959:
1894:. After a secret trial in May 1949, Xoxe was executed. The subsequent anti-Titoist
1735:
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During its communist era, Albania was governed by the Party of Labor of Albania.
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5127:. Tirana, Albania: The "Naim Frasheri" Publishing House. 1971. pp. 624–625.
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2001:
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5166:. Tirana, Albania: The "8 Nentori" Publishing House. 1977. pp. 20, 26–27.
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dialects into a unified literary language, was also a symbol of this change."
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5405:"Former dictator still seen in positive light by many Albanians, poll shows"
4344:
2593:. Hoxha himself proclaimed that anyone who trampled on the party's edict on
1831:
1722:, but voters were presented with a single list from the Communist-dominated
8356:
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5578:"The North Korea Of Europe: Listing Socialist Albania's Military Equipment"
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2029:
1975:
1891:
1657:
888:
714:
619:
431:
377:
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4841:"Consequences of the Totalitarian Past on Albanian post-communist society"
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and anti-socialist character" and stated that "Fascist, anti-democratic,
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1539:, style of state administration and adhering to policies which stressed
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4854:(1): 138–141 – via European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies.
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2522:
2451: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE 7th CONGRESS OF THE PARTY OF LABOUR OF ALBANIA
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and it was the only European country that refused to take part in the
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Albania and in 1950, it withdrew its diplomatic mission from Tirana.
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1004:
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5181:. Tirana, Albania: The "8 Nentori" Publishing House. pp. 14–15.
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2426:
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7217:
7212:
7192:
7187:
7112:
6490:
4907:""The truth about the 6000 people killed by communists in Albania""
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3904:
3724:
2901:
2832:(which was signed by other countries in 1975) which respected some
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2182:
in 1956, when Khrushchev denounced Stalin's Administration in his "
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in 1978, with slogans and propaganda on all of the main buildings
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703:
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31:
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Religion and Atheism in the U.S.S.R. and Eastern Europe, Review
4621:
4502:
4444:
4161:
3504:
3219:
2778:
2676:
2636:
2624:
2517:, and low-quality goods. Writers strayed from the orthodoxy of
2362:, a process that had begun even before the break in relations.
2073:
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2048:
1967:
1811:
1775:
1749:
The government took major steps to introduce a Stalinist-style
1704:
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255:
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5257:
The Greek Minority in Albania – In the Aftermath of Communism
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4195:
4108:
4017:
3976:
3938:
3878:
3814:
3775:
3636:
3530:
3451:
3377:
3301:
3243:
3186:
3155:
2774:
2628:
1971:
1963:
1940:
1895:
1625:
867:
1584:, which included dismissal from employment, imprisonment in
7770:
6778:
6702:
6644:
4783:
Shoqata Mbarëkombëtare e të Përndjekurve Politikë Shqiptare
4375:
4055:
3498:
2908:
should be constructed and embraced his strict adherence to
2632:
2081:
913:
878:
741:
156:"Albania, you give me honor, you give me the name Albanian"
5164:
CONSTITUTION OF THE PEOPLE'S SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF ALBANIA
3192:
2556:
Constitution of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania
2489:
Albanian poster in 1978: Marxism-Leninism: Victorious flag
2012:(Comecon). Tirana soon entered into trade agreements with
1950:
After 1946 the United States and the United Kingdom began
8798:
4175:
4154:
4121:
2375:
communicate in Russian. Albanians no longer took part in
2061:
1754:
government introduced the Soviet cost-accounting system.
1687:
of many non-communist politicians who were condemned as "
1645:. From the start, the LNC government was an undisguised
1523:
During this time period, the country was ruled mainly by
5057:"Hapet dosja, ja harta e bunkerëve dhe tuneleve sekretë"
2100:
after the APL's Second Party Congress and a campaign of
1902:
27:
Socialist State in Southeastern Europe from 1946 to 1991
2509:. Party discipline had eroded. People complained about
1816:
United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration
5330:"The Constitution of the People's Republic of Albania"
5063:(in Albanian). Tirana. 5 December 2014. Archived from
2497:
Mount Shpiragu as seen from Berat showing the name of
2416:
5691:
Countries of Eastern and Central Europe during their
2781:. The very gradual and slight reforms intensified as
1947:
which, in its first case ever, ruled against Tirana.
1858:
the very next day and his death framed as a suicide.
1591:
The first multi-party elections in Socialist Albania
1336:
De-satellization of the Socialist Republic of Romania
3041:
Albanian Naval Force § During the Socialist Era
2051:, Albania's Communist Party implemented elements of
1787:
became a required subject in Albanian high schools.
7720:
5381:"Albania Survey Shocks Victims of Communist Regime"
4778:
Islam in the People's Socialist Republic of Albania
2943:
Institute for Development Research and Alternatives
2370:for decades. For its part, Albania offered China a
1504:from 1946 until 1976, and from 1991 to 1992 as the
5024:
2975:Chairmen of the Presidium of the People's Assembly
2391:
1664:was permanently barred from returning to Albania.
1630:On 29 November 1944, Albania was liberated by the
347:Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly
227:The People's Socialist Republic of Albania in 1989
5080:; by Miranda Vickers & James Pettifer, 1999
2639:states, and in 1971 it normalised relations with
8883:
5239:; by Miranda Vickers & James Pettifer, 1999
5219:; by Miranda Vickers & James Pettifer, 1999
4952:; by Miranda Vickers & James Pettifer, 1999
2661:Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe
151:Ti Shqipëri, më jep nder, më jep emrin Shqipëtar
2773:in return for development aid and also courted
2036:. After the Soviet-Yugoslav split, Albania and
5359:"Albania - Collapse of communism | Britannica"
5281:Modern Albania: From Dictatorship to Democracy
176:
95:
75:
56:
8937:States and territories disestablished in 1991
7128:
6314:
5869:
5676:
5603:International Institute for Strategic Studies
5432:International Institute for Strategic Studies
4923:A Biographical Dictionary of Albanian History
2914:international conference and the publication
2538:in an effort to keep out foreign influences.
1757:
1671:Partisans entering Tirana on 29 November 1944
1473:
4919:
2413:made no attempt to force Albania to remain.
3037:Albanian Air Force § Socialist Albania
1711:, and nationalized forest and pastureland.
1498:Republika Popullore Socialiste e Shqipërisë
161:Proletarë të të gjitha vendeve, bashkohuni!
77:Republika Popullore Socialiste e Shqipërisë
8932:States and territories established in 1946
7135:
7121:
6321:
6307:
5876:
5862:
5683:
5669:
5337:Global Citizenship Observatory (GLOBALCIT)
5237:Albania: From Anarchy to a Balkan Identity
5217:Albania: From Anarchy to a Balkan Identity
5139:"Albania – Hoxha's Antireligious Campaign"
5091:
5078:Albania: From Anarchy to a Balkan Identity
4950:Albania: From Anarchy to a Balkan Identity
2862:chaos and rebellion throughout the country
2096:. The government began a program of rapid
1718:In December 1945, Albanians elected a new
1626:Consolidation of power and initial reforms
1480:
1466:
221:
5194:The Resurrection of the Church in Albania
5099:"1955: Communist states sign Warsaw Pact"
4839:Pajo, Matilda (September–December 2016).
4492:(For 57mm S-60 and 100mm KS-19 AA guns).
2467:Learn how and when to remove this message
1595:– the Communists gained a majority in an
8203:
8058:
6328:
6020:Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia
5278:
5125:HISTORY OF THE PARTY OF LABOR OF ALBANIA
4887:"Socialist Albania: The Stalinist state"
2670:
2610:
2492:
2484:
2333:
2236:Albania played a pronounced role in the
2224:
2216:
2206:
1666:
7466:Albanian resistance during World War II
5426:
5424:
5378:
3073:Socialist Albania’s Military Equipment
2623:Albania opened trade negotiations with
1989:
1974:, and the Federal Republic of Germany (
1551:, it declared itself the world's first
1531:. They ruled Albania by establishing a
166:"Proletarians of all countries, unite!"
14:
8892:People's Socialist Republic of Albania
8884:
8452:
6124:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
5643:Political Parties in Albania 1912–2006
5571:
5569:
5567:
5565:
5563:
5561:
5559:
5557:
5555:
5553:
5551:
5549:
5547:
5545:
5543:
5541:
5539:
5537:
5535:
5533:
5531:
5529:
5527:
5525:
5523:
5521:
5519:
5517:
5515:
5513:
5511:
5509:
5507:
5505:
5503:
5501:
5499:
5497:
5495:
5493:
5491:
5489:
5487:
5485:
5483:
5481:
5479:
5477:
5475:
5191:
5022:
4971:Albania As Dictatorship And Democracy.
4370:Static Surface-To-Air Missile Systems
2399:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
2295:burst into the open in June 1960 at a
2244:(PRC) in opposing Moscow on issues of
2142:Soviet model for collective leadership
2111:Although far behind Western practice,
2010:Council for Mutual Economic Assistance
1569:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
1494:People's Socialist Republic of Albania
65:People's Socialist Republic of Albania
7116:
6302:
6090:1949 East German State Railway strike
6062:World Federation of Democratic Youth
5857:
5664:
5650:Political System in Albania 1912–2008
5473:
5471:
5469:
5467:
5465:
5463:
5461:
5459:
5457:
5455:
5379:Mejdini, Fatjona (12 December 2016).
5374:
5372:
5274:
5272:
5176:
4817:Human Development Report 1990, p. 111
2284:, they openly sided with the former.
1952:implementing an elaborate covert plan
1903:Deteriorating relations with the West
1549:Europe's only Muslim-majority country
7142:
5961:Soviet response to the Marshall Plan
5421:
4870:The Slavic and East European Journal
4838:
2449:adding citations to reliable sources
2420:
2303:attempted to secure condemnation of
1516:from 1946 to 1991. It succeeded the
1015:World Federation of Democratic Youth
574:1992 Albanian parliamentary election
5037:from the original on 14 August 2021
5026:"A Stalinist Dowager in Her Bunker"
2481:Cultural and Ideological Revolution
2417:Cultural and Ideological Revolution
2180:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
1656:after their collaboration with the
1580:, for the purposes of preventing a
24:
6183:Sovietization of the Baltic states
5452:
5369:
5269:
2948:
2597:should be "hurled into the fire."
2240:. By 1958, Albania stood with the
2047:Aligned with the orthodox line of
1572:these developments coincided with
1563:slowly increased. It was the only
1089:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states
25:
8978:
8947:1991 disestablishments in Albania
7406:Principality of Albania (1914–25)
7391:Provisional Government of Albania
6054:World Federation of Trade Unions
5656:
5635:Library of Congress Country Study
5609:. London: Brassey's. p. 84.
5438:. London: Brassey's. p. 83.
2803:collapse of communist governments
2004:'s organization for coordinating
1878:During a party Political Bureau (
1652:Having sidelined the nationalist
8952:1991 disestablishments in Europe
8568:
8451:
8270:
8114:
8113:
7693:
7692:
7607:
7606:
7534:
6271:January 1991 events in Lithuania
5929:Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
5883:
5758:
5702:
5575:
4746:
4738:
4719:
4702:
4678:
4670:
4646:
4638:
4614:
4606:
4579:
4571:
4547:
4539:
4515:
4507:
4482:
4457:
4449:
4425:
4417:
4388:
4380:
4351:
4343:
4326:
4306:
4284:
4276:
4251:
4243:
4221:
4213:
4188:
4180:
4160:
4134:
4126:
4101:
4093:
4068:
4060:
4030:
4022:
3969:
3961:
3931:
3923:
3903:
3883:
3858:
3850:
3833:
3813:
3793:
3768:
3760:
3743:
3723:
3706:
3689:
3667:
3659:
3629:
3606:
3586:
3561:
3553:
3523:
3503:
3479:
3471:
3444:
3436:
3407:
3399:
3370:
3345:
3318:
3294:
3286:
3256:
3248:
3224:
3199:
3191:
3167:
3148:
3140:
3113:
3105:
2600:
2425:
2329:Greek claims to southern Albania
1518:Democratic Government of Albania
1010:World Federation of Trade Unions
723:
683:
666:Democratic Government of Albania
658:
186:
129:
115:
58:Republika Popullore e Shqipërisë
5995:Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
5607:The Military Balance, 1989-1990
5595:
5436:The Military Balance, 1989-1990
5397:
5351:
5322:
5297:
5250:
5230:
5210:
5185:
5170:
5156:
5131:
5117:
5071:
5049:
5016:
5007:
4998:
4989:
4976:
2941:A 2016 survey conducted by the
2866:democratic system of government
2785:introduced his new policies of
2631:, and the recently independent
2436:needs additional citations for
2392:Withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact
2088:and the power grid; increasing
1928:, would back Greek demands for
1806:talked of plans to establish a
1675:The internal affairs minister,
8942:1946 establishments in Albania
8789:Orders, decorations and medals
7396:Albania during the Balkan Wars
6827:Azerbaijan People's Government
4963:
4943:
4913:
4899:
4879:
4858:
4832:
4821:
4810:
3389:Amphibious Transport Vehicles
2850:general elections of June 1996
2129:) was founded in 1957 and the
1966:, and Greece; trained them in
1945:International Court of Justice
13:
1:
7436:Albanian Republic (1925–1928)
7310:Massacre of the Albanian Beys
6276:January 1991 events in Latvia
6266:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia
6015:Socialist Republic of Romania
5990:People's Republic of Bulgaria
5982:People's Republic of Albania
5951:1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état
5627:
5339:. Bjoern Andersen. March 2005
5283:. NYU Press. pp. 28–29.
4926:, I. B. Tauris, p. 388,
2875:
2753:
1930:territory in southern Albania
1826:, a food-processing plant in
1683:tinsmith", presided over the
1452:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia
7441:Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939)
7416:Autonomous Province of Korçë
6261:Collapse of the Soviet Union
6251:Fall of communism in Albania
5196:. Geneva: WCC Publications.
5023:Perlez, Jane (8 July 1997).
5004:15 Feb 1994 Washington Times
4864:Majeska, George P. (1976). "
4472:(For HQ-2), (Not yet seen).
3276:Armoured Personnel Carriers
2760:Fall of communism in Albania
2131:Albanian Academy of Sciences
1790:Yugoslavia signed a similar
1632:National Liberation Movement
1557:fall of communism in Albania
1502:People's Republic of Albania
1447:Fall of communism in Albania
1402:Polish Round Table Agreement
1357:Cuban intervention in Angola
48:People's Republic of Albania
7:
7476:Orthography Congress (1972)
7471:Communist Albania (1946–91)
7451:Italian invasion of Albania
7401:Republic of Central Albania
7381:Declaration of Independence
7325:Albanian National Awakening
6867:Kurdish Republic of Mahabad
6236:End of communism in Hungary
6005:Hungarian People's Republic
4766:
3332:Armoured Recovery Vehicles
3238:Armoured Fighting Vehicles
3055:Ushtria Popullore Shqiptare
3026:
2870:new Constitution of Albania
1796:Bulgarian People's Republic
1593:took place on 31 March 1991
835:Allied and satellite states
10:
8983:
8907:Former socialist republics
7446:Union with Italian kingdom
6000:German Democratic Republic
5305:"Albania 1998 (rev. 2008)"
3950:Multiple Rocket Launchers
3030:
2955:Party of Labour of Albania
2807:Central and Eastern Europe
2757:
2659:. But Albania shunned the
2604:
2478:
2309:Party of Labour of Albania
2258:separate road to socialism
2242:People's Republic of China
2210:
1993:
1758:Albanian–Yugoslav tensions
1618:
1614:
1576:by the secret police, the
1529:Party of Labour of Albania
29:
8841:
8807:
8740:
8709:
8654:
8623:
8616:
8559:
8516:
8470:
8393:
8355:
8346:
8305:
8301:
8292:
8194:
8126:
8102:
8049:
8023:
8002:
7963:
7959:
7950:
7906:
7868:
7830:
7784:
7711:
7646:
7642:
7633:
7587:
7556:
7552:
7543:
7532:
7504:
7368:
7267:
7231:
7163:
7154:
7101:
6962:
6894:
6819:
6726:
6695:
6609:
6598:
6527:
6506:
6337:
6211:
6188:Information dissemination
6165:
6115:1956 Hungarian Revolution
6105:1953 East German uprising
6073:
6031:
5974:
5911:
5891:
5828:
5809:
5767:
5756:
5709:
5700:
5279:Abrahams, Fred C (2015).
4982:Zitat nach: G. H. Hodos:
4676:
4597:
4496:
4455:
4406:
4369:
4282:
4132:
4048:
3967:
3960:
3949:
3856:
3766:
3665:
3647:
3559:
3541:
3477:
3462:
3425:
3388:
3331:
3292:
3275:
3237:
3197:
3180:
3146:
3127:
3124:
3094:
2953:First Secretaries of the
2895:
2801:in November 1989 and the
2543:religious life in Albania
1996:Albanian-Soviet relations
1916:admitting Albania to the
1751:centrally planned economy
1559:in 1991, the practice of
1372:1984 Los Angeles Olympics
699:
637:
627:
607:
587:
583:
570:
557:
544:
531:
516:
503:
490:
477:
473:
463:
453:
449:
437:
425:
413:
409:
399:
395:
383:
371:
359:
355:
345:
341:
329:
317:
313:
303:
293:
281:
271:
261:
248:
232:
220:
171:
145:
111:
106:
45:
7461:The Holocaust in Albania
7320:Uprising of Dervish Cara
6173:Emigration and defection
6010:Polish People's Republic
4803:
3128:Serviceability doubtful
2176:Twentieth Party Congress
1193:Czechoslovakia 1976–1990
494:People's Republic formed
36:Albania (disambiguation)
8962:20th century in Albania
8912:Soviet satellite states
7300:Islamization of Albania
7290:Kanun of Lekë Dukagjini
7244:Principality of Arbanon
6877:North Korea (1947–1948)
6872:North Korea (1946–1947)
6231:Fall of the Berlin Wall
6157:1981 protests in Kosovo
6095:Rebellion of Cazin 1950
4892:Encyclopædia Britannica
4400:~4 sites, 22 launchers
2924:Encyclopædia Britannica
2799:fall of the Berlin Wall
2653:trip to Beijing in 1972
2297:Romanian Workers' Party
2133:opened 15 years later.
1888:Albanian Party of Labor
1609:Constitution of Albania
1555:in 1967, but after the
1437:End of the Soviet Union
1412:Fall of the Berlin Wall
972: (until 1948)
947: (until 1977)
936: (until 1989)
870: (until 1961)
849: (until 1961)
262:Official languages
7481:Post-Communist Albania
7456:German Nazi occupation
7411:World War I in Albania
7280:Skanderbeg's rebellion
6599:Current and historical
3054:
3047:Albanian People's Army
3033:Albanian People's Army
2729:In 1980, Hoxha tapped
2680:
2619:
2502:
2490:
2342:
2233:
2222:
2188:disturbances in Poland
2086:electricity production
1766:'s expulsion from the
1672:
1497:
1126:Protests and uprisings
177:
97:Republika e Shqipërisë
96:
76:
57:
34:. For other uses, see
8779:Epitaph of Gllavenica
6281:Breakup of Yugoslavia
5177:Hoxha, Enver (1977).
5067:on 17 September 2017.
4920:Robert Elsie (2012),
3067:Albanian Armed Forces
2797:, culminating in the
2764:After Hoxha's death,
2674:
2614:
2581:second-class citizens
2532:Farm collectivization
2496:
2488:
2337:
2228:
2220:
2213:Soviet–Albanian split
2207:In the Chinese sphere
2084:resources; expanding
1689:enemies of the people
1670:
1605:held on 22 March 1992
1442:Post-Soviet conflicts
1427:Breakup of Yugoslavia
1330:Albanian–Soviet split
1041:Anti-Soviet partisans
984:Related organizations
507:Albanian–Soviet split
481:Democratic Government
8897:Communism in Albania
8211:Archaeological sites
7721:Vetting Institutions
7421:Italian protectorate
7335:Congress of Manastir
7315:Revolts of 1833–1839
7104:History of socialism
6129:1970 Polish protests
6110:1956 Poznań protests
5975:Soviet-allied states
5262:3 April 2015 at the
5192:Forest, Jim (2002).
5143:www.country-data.com
4973:London 2006, S. 238.
2445:improve this article
2246:peaceful coexistence
2192:rebellion in Hungary
2153:peaceful coexistence
2127:University of Tirana
1990:In the Soviet sphere
1834:, a fish cannery in
1830:, a hemp factory at
1679:, "an erstwhile pro-
1574:political repression
1422:Barricades in Latvia
1367:1980 Moscow Olympics
1347:Cuban Missile Crisis
561:Democratic elections
520:Constitution amended
8967:Totalitarian states
8432:Research institutes
7994:State Supreme Audit
7431:Republic of Mirdita
7040:Estonia (1918–1919)
6934:Hungary (1949–1989)
6246:Romanian revolution
6219:Revolutions of 1989
6100:1953 Plzeň uprising
5413:. 9 December 2016.
4986:Berlin 2001, S. 34.
4909:. 5 September 2017.
4049:Anti-Aircraft Guns
3463:Artillery Tractors
3271:(Kept in reserve).
3214:(Kept in reserve).
3074:
2685:Sino-Albanian split
2665:Helsinki Conference
2607:Sino-Albanian split
2527:Cultural Revolution
2501:written on its side
2299:congress, at which
2221:Enver Hoxha in 1971
2197:Albanians in Kosovo
2165:communist countries
2157:Marxist Revisionism
2090:agricultural output
1856:he was assassinated
1641:, became Albania's
1601:Republic of Albania
1506:Republic of Albania
1407:Revolutions of 1989
679:Republic of Albania
535:Sino-Albanian split
85:Republic of Albania
8249:Adriatic Sea Coast
8176:Telecommunications
7883:Capital punishment
7776:Prosecutor General
7345:Malissori uprising
7305:Albanian Pashaliks
7259:House of Kastrioti
7249:Kingdom of Albania
7005:Byelorussia (1919)
6256:Singing Revolution
6139:June 1976 protests
5924:Soviet occupations
5363:www.britannica.com
5031:The New York Times
4798:History of Albania
4773:Bunkers in Albania
3072:
2916:Unity and Struggle
2830:Helsinki Agreement
2690:developing nations
2681:
2620:
2503:
2491:
2343:
2234:
2230:Bunkers in Albania
2223:
2042:fighting in Greece
1740:commander in chief
1673:
1597:interim government
1586:forced labor camps
1582:counter-revolution
1500:), officially the
1397:Singing Revolution
1171:Novocherkassk 1962
298:Socialist republic
184:"Hymn to the Flag"
8879:
8878:
8837:
8836:
8833:
8832:
8705:
8704:
8612:
8611:
8604:Cognac Skënderbeu
8411:
8363:
8288:
8287:
8284:
8283:
8276:Images of Albania
8244:
8243:
8103:Natural resources
8094:Hydropower plants
8089:
8088:
7946:
7945:
7942:
7941:
7751:
7750:
7688:Political parties
7683:Foreign relations
7629:
7628:
7625:
7624:
7530:
7529:
7486:1997 Civil Unrest
7330:League of Prizren
7254:Despotate of Arta
7110:
7109:
7097:
7096:
7093:
7092:
6890:
6889:
6632:Congo-Brazzaville
6528:Regional variants
6296:
6295:
6241:Velvet Revolution
6203:Telephone tapping
6177:list of defectors
5966:Tito–Stalin split
5851:
5850:
5652:, Ufo press, 2010
5616:978-0-08-037569-4
5445:978-0-08-037569-4
5290:978-0-8147-0511-7
5203:978-2-8254-1359-3
4933:978-1-78076-431-3
4876:(2). pp. 204–206.
4793:Fall of communism
4764:
4763:
4497:Utility Vehicles
2818:Communist Romania
2814:Nicolae Ceaușescu
2783:Mikhail Gorbachev
2703:freedom of speech
2559:anti-democratic,
2519:socialist realism
2477:
2476:
2469:
2356:Palace of Culture
2341:and Hoxha in 1956
2293:Sino-Soviet split
2270:Palace of Culture
2238:Sino-Soviet split
2149:Nikita Khrushchev
2098:industrialization
2057:state enterprises
2006:economic planning
1922:ongoing civil war
1808:Balkan Federation
1792:friendship treaty
1738:, and the army's
1720:People's Assembly
1490:
1489:
1325:Sino-Soviet split
1305:Tito–Stalin split
1300:Czechoslovak coup
1278:
1277:
1218:Ukraine 1989–1991
1156:East Germany 1953
1098:Soviet occupation
709:
708:
695:
694:
691:
690:
671:
670:
548:Fall of communism
458:People's Assembly
439:• 1981–1991
427:• 1954–1981
415:• 1946–1954
385:• 1982–1991
373:• 1953–1982
361:• 1946–1953
331:• 1985–1992
319:• 1946–1985
240:(until 1968) and
213:
167:
18:Communist Albania
16:(Redirected from
8974:
8957:Communist states
8864:
8857:
8850:
8621:
8620:
8572:
8455:
8454:
8407:
8359:
8353:
8352:
8303:
8302:
8299:
8298:
8274:
8254:Ionian Sea Coast
8201:
8200:
8117:
8116:
8056:
8055:
8010:Shopping centers
7979:
7961:
7960:
7957:
7956:
7934:Border crossings
7808:Cities and towns
7718:
7717:
7696:
7695:
7644:
7643:
7640:
7639:
7610:
7609:
7554:
7553:
7550:
7549:
7538:
7360:Kimza Government
7161:
7160:
7137:
7130:
7123:
7114:
7113:
6960:
6959:
6817:
6816:
6607:
6606:
6602:socialist states
6481:African-American
6323:
6316:
6309:
6300:
6299:
6085:Goryani Movement
6065:
6057:
6023:
5985:
5919:Yalta Conference
5878:
5871:
5864:
5855:
5854:
5762:
5706:
5685:
5678:
5671:
5662:
5661:
5648:Afrim Krasniqi,
5645:, Rilindje, 2007
5641:Afrim Krasniqi,
5621:
5620:
5599:
5593:
5592:
5590:
5588:
5573:
5450:
5449:
5428:
5419:
5418:
5401:
5395:
5394:
5376:
5367:
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5355:
5349:
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5344:
5334:
5326:
5320:
5319:
5317:
5315:
5301:
5295:
5294:
5276:
5267:
5254:
5248:
5234:
5228:
5214:
5208:
5207:
5189:
5183:
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5174:
5168:
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5160:
5154:
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5149:
5135:
5129:
5128:
5121:
5115:
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5112:
5110:
5095:
5089:
5075:
5069:
5068:
5053:
5047:
5046:
5044:
5042:
5028:
5020:
5014:
5011:
5005:
5002:
4996:
4993:
4987:
4980:
4974:
4967:
4961:
4947:
4941:
4940:
4917:
4911:
4910:
4903:
4897:
4896:
4883:
4877:
4862:
4856:
4855:
4845:
4836:
4830:
4825:
4819:
4814:
4752:
4750:
4749:
4742:
4723:
4706:
4684:
4682:
4681:
4674:
4652:
4650:
4649:
4642:
4620:
4618:
4617:
4610:
4603:Berliet GBC8 MT
4585:
4583:
4582:
4575:
4553:
4551:
4550:
4543:
4521:
4519:
4518:
4511:
4486:
4463:
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4460:
4453:
4431:
4429:
4428:
4421:
4394:
4392:
4391:
4384:
4357:
4355:
4354:
4347:
4330:
4310:
4303:85mm 52-K M1939
4290:
4288:
4287:
4280:
4257:
4255:
4254:
4247:
4227:
4225:
4224:
4217:
4194:
4192:
4191:
4184:
4164:
4140:
4138:
4137:
4130:
4107:
4105:
4104:
4097:
4074:
4072:
4071:
4064:
4036:
4034:
4033:
4026:
4018:BM-13 'Katyusha'
3975:
3973:
3972:
3965:
3937:
3935:
3934:
3927:
3907:
3887:
3864:
3862:
3861:
3854:
3837:
3817:
3797:
3774:
3772:
3771:
3764:
3747:
3727:
3710:
3693:
3673:
3671:
3670:
3663:
3648:Towed Artillery
3635:
3633:
3632:
3610:
3590:
3567:
3565:
3564:
3557:
3529:
3527:
3526:
3507:
3485:
3483:
3482:
3475:
3450:
3448:
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3440:
3413:
3411:
3410:
3403:
3376:
3374:
3373:
3351:
3349:
3348:
3322:
3300:
3298:
3297:
3290:
3262:
3260:
3259:
3252:
3228:
3205:
3203:
3202:
3195:
3181:Tank Destroyers
3171:
3154:
3152:
3151:
3144:
3119:
3117:
3116:
3109:
3075:
3071:
2927:emphasizes that
2910:Marxism–Leninism
2842:Democratic Party
2545:, claiming that
2536:European culture
2472:
2465:
2461:
2458:
2452:
2429:
2421:
2262:decentralization
2250:de-Stalinization
2151:'s programs of "
2102:collectivization
2092:; and improving
1736:defense minister
1732:foreign minister
1724:Democratic Front
1647:Communist regime
1482:
1475:
1468:
1391:
1338:
1289:
1134:Poland 1944–1989
1118:Operation Jungle
1037:
1036:
1033:
1031:
985:
836:
746:
744:
738:
727:
726:
717:
711:
710:
687:
686:
675:
674:
662:
661:
655:
654:
639:
638:
623:
616:
603:
602:
594:
553:11 December 1990
527:
526:28 December 1976
495:
251:and largest city
225:
215:
214:
182:
179:Himni i Flamurit
165:
157:
133:
119:
101:
100:
99:
91:
87:
81:
80:
79:
71:
67:
61:
60:
53:
43:
42:
21:
8982:
8981:
8977:
8976:
8975:
8973:
8972:
8971:
8882:
8881:
8880:
8875:
8867:
8860:
8853:
8846:
8829:
8815:Public holidays
8803:
8736:
8701:
8650:
8608:
8555:
8512:
8466:
8389:
8342:
8280:
8240:
8190:
8181:Posta Shqiptare
8122:
8098:
8085:
8045:
8019:
7998:
7977:
7938:
7924:Organized crime
7902:
7864:
7826:
7780:
7747:
7707:
7621:
7617:Protected areas
7583:
7539:
7526:
7500:
7491:NATO membership
7374:
7372:
7364:
7285:League of Lezhë
7273:
7271:
7263:
7237:
7235:
7227:
7150:
7141:
7111:
7106:
7089:
7070:Slovakia (1919)
6970:Alsace-Lorraine
6958:
6886:
6815:
6722:
6691:
6600:
6594:
6523:
6502:
6333:
6327:
6297:
6292:
6207:
6161:
6148:Soviet reaction
6134:Croatian Spring
6078:
6076:
6069:
6063:
6055:
6027:
6021:
5983:
5970:
5956:Berlin Blockade
5907:
5906:
5887:
5882:
5852:
5847:
5824:
5821:
5805:
5802:
5763:
5754:
5751:
5707:
5696:
5689:
5659:
5630:
5625:
5624:
5617:
5600:
5596:
5586:
5584:
5574:
5453:
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5429:
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5403:
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5398:
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5357:
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5352:
5342:
5340:
5332:
5328:
5327:
5323:
5313:
5311:
5303:
5302:
5298:
5291:
5277:
5270:
5264:Wayback Machine
5255:
5251:
5235:
5231:
5215:
5211:
5204:
5190:
5186:
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5162:
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4884:
4880:
4863:
4859:
4843:
4837:
4833:
4826:
4822:
4815:
4811:
4806:
4788:Captive Nations
4769:
4747:
4745:
4679:
4677:
4647:
4645:
4615:
4613:
4580:
4578:
4548:
4546:
4516:
4514:
4458:
4456:
4426:
4424:
4389:
4387:
4352:
4350:
4285:
4283:
4252:
4250:
4222:
4220:
4189:
4187:
4135:
4133:
4102:
4100:
4069:
4067:
4031:
4029:
3970:
3968:
3932:
3930:
3859:
3857:
3769:
3767:
3668:
3666:
3630:
3628:
3562:
3560:
3524:
3522:
3480:
3478:
3445:
3443:
3408:
3406:
3371:
3369:
3346:
3344:
3295:
3293:
3257:
3255:
3200:
3198:
3149:
3147:
3114:
3112:
3043:
3031:Main articles:
3029:
3001:Prime Ministers
2951:
2949:List of leaders
2906:communist state
2898:
2878:
2860:, which caused
2856:and widespread
2854:pyramid schemes
2816:(the leader of
2762:
2756:
2609:
2603:
2577:Albania's women
2552:atheistic state
2483:
2473:
2462:
2456:
2453:
2442:
2430:
2419:
2411:Leonid Brezhnev
2394:
2215:
2209:
1998:
1992:
1905:
1804:Georgi Dimitrov
1802:and Bulgaria's
1800:Josip Broz Tito
1772:Mukaj agreement
1760:
1628:
1623:
1617:
1510:communist state
1486:
1457:
1456:
1392:
1389:
1382:
1381:
1334:
1310:Berlin Blockade
1290:
1288:Cold War events
1287:
1280:
1279:
1203:Kazakhstan 1986
1034:
1029:
1027:
1020:
1019:
986:
983:
976:
975:
837:
834:
827:
826:
747:
742:
736:
734:
724:
715:
684:
659:
618:
617:
611:
600:
599:
598:
592:
576:
563:
550:
537:
525:
522:
509:
499:10 January 1946
496:
493:
486:20 October 1944
483:
440:
428:
416:
386:
374:
362:
332:
320:
305:First Secretary
252:
228:
216:
187:
183:
164:
158:
155:
154:
141:
140:
139:
134:
126:
125:
120:
102:
94:
93:
92:
89:
88:
83:
82:
74:
73:
72:
69:
68:
63:
62:
55:
54:
51:
50:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8980:
8970:
8969:
8964:
8959:
8954:
8949:
8944:
8939:
8934:
8929:
8924:
8919:
8917:Atheist states
8914:
8909:
8904:
8899:
8894:
8877:
8876:
8874:
8873:
8866:
8865:
8858:
8851:
8843:
8842:
8839:
8838:
8835:
8834:
8831:
8830:
8828:
8827:
8822:
8817:
8811:
8809:
8805:
8804:
8802:
8801:
8796:
8791:
8786:
8781:
8776:
8764:
8752:
8746:
8744:
8738:
8737:
8735:
8734:
8729:
8724:
8719:
8713:
8711:
8707:
8706:
8703:
8702:
8700:
8699:
8694:
8689:
8684:
8679:
8674:
8669:
8664:
8658:
8656:
8652:
8651:
8649:
8648:
8643:
8638:
8633:
8627:
8625:
8618:
8614:
8613:
8610:
8609:
8607:
8606:
8601:
8596:
8591:
8586:
8581:
8576:
8565:
8563:
8557:
8556:
8554:
8553:
8548:
8543:
8538:
8533:
8528:
8522:
8520:
8514:
8513:
8511:
8510:
8505:
8500:
8495:
8490:
8485:
8480:
8474:
8472:
8468:
8467:
8465:
8464:
8459:
8449:
8444:
8439:
8434:
8429:
8424:
8419:
8414:
8413:
8412:
8399:
8397:
8391:
8390:
8388:
8387:
8382:
8377:
8372:
8366:
8364:
8350:
8344:
8343:
8341:
8336:
8331:
8329:Noble families
8326:
8321:
8316:
8311:
8309:
8296:
8290:
8289:
8286:
8285:
8282:
8281:
8279:
8278:
8268:
8263:
8251:
8245:
8242:
8241:
8239:
8238:
8233:
8228:
8223:
8218:
8213:
8207:
8205:
8198:
8192:
8191:
8189:
8188:
8183:
8178:
8173:
8161:
8156:
8151:
8146:
8141:
8136:
8130:
8128:
8127:Infrastructure
8124:
8123:
8121:
8111:
8106:
8104:
8100:
8099:
8097:
8096:
8090:
8087:
8086:
8084:
8083:
8078:
8073:
8068:
8062:
8060:
8053:
8047:
8046:
8044:
8043:
8038:
8033:
8027:
8025:
8021:
8020:
8018:
8017:
8012:
8006:
8004:
8000:
7999:
7997:
7996:
7991:
7986:
7981:
7973:
7967:
7965:
7954:
7948:
7947:
7944:
7943:
7940:
7939:
7937:
7936:
7931:
7926:
7921:
7916:
7910:
7908:
7904:
7903:
7901:
7900:
7895:
7890:
7888:Assassinations
7885:
7880:
7874:
7872:
7866:
7865:
7863:
7862:
7857:
7852:
7840:
7834:
7832:
7828:
7827:
7825:
7820:
7815:
7810:
7805:
7803:Municipalities
7800:
7795:
7790:
7788:
7782:
7781:
7779:
7778:
7773:
7768:
7763:
7758:
7752:
7749:
7748:
7746:
7745:
7740:
7735:
7730:
7724:
7722:
7715:
7709:
7708:
7706:
7705:
7700:
7690:
7685:
7680:
7678:Prime Minister
7675:
7663:
7650:
7648:
7637:
7631:
7630:
7627:
7626:
7623:
7622:
7620:
7619:
7614:
7604:
7599:
7593:
7591:
7585:
7584:
7582:
7581:
7576:
7571:
7566:
7560:
7558:
7547:
7541:
7540:
7533:
7531:
7528:
7527:
7525:
7524:
7519:
7514:
7508:
7506:
7502:
7501:
7499:
7498:
7493:
7488:
7483:
7478:
7473:
7468:
7463:
7458:
7453:
7448:
7443:
7438:
7433:
7428:
7423:
7418:
7413:
7408:
7403:
7398:
7393:
7388:
7383:
7377:
7375:
7373:(1912–present)
7366:
7365:
7363:
7362:
7357:
7355:Revolt of 1912
7352:
7350:Taksim meeting
7347:
7342:
7340:Revolt of 1910
7337:
7332:
7327:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7297:
7295:Arbëni Council
7292:
7287:
7282:
7276:
7274:
7269:Ottoman period
7265:
7264:
7262:
7261:
7256:
7251:
7246:
7240:
7238:
7229:
7228:
7226:
7225:
7220:
7215:
7210:
7205:
7200:
7195:
7190:
7185:
7180:
7175:
7169:
7167:
7158:
7152:
7151:
7140:
7139:
7132:
7125:
7117:
7108:
7107:
7102:
7099:
7098:
7095:
7094:
7091:
7090:
7088:
7087:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7052:
7050:Hungary (1919)
7047:
7042:
7037:
7036:
7035:
7030:
7022:
7017:
7012:
7007:
7002:
6997:
6996:
6995:
6990:
6982:
6977:
6972:
6966:
6964:
6957:
6956:
6951:
6946:
6941:
6936:
6931:
6926:
6925:
6924:
6919:
6917:Czech Republic
6912:Czechoslovakia
6909:
6904:
6898:
6896:
6892:
6891:
6888:
6887:
6885:
6884:
6879:
6874:
6869:
6864:
6859:
6854:
6852:Inner Mongolia
6849:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6832:East Turkestan
6829:
6823:
6821:
6814:
6813:
6812:
6811:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6760:
6759:
6754:
6749:
6741:
6736:
6730:
6728:
6724:
6723:
6721:
6720:
6715:
6710:
6705:
6699:
6697:
6693:
6692:
6690:
6689:
6684:
6679:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6653:
6652:
6647:
6639:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6613:
6611:
6604:
6596:
6595:
6593:
6592:
6587:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6531:
6529:
6525:
6524:
6522:
6521:
6516:
6514:United Kingdom
6510:
6508:
6504:
6503:
6501:
6500:
6495:
6494:
6493:
6485:
6484:
6483:
6473:
6471:United Kingdom
6468:
6463:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6438:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6407:
6406:
6401:
6396:
6395:
6394:
6381:
6376:
6375:
6374:
6364:
6359:
6358:
6357:
6347:
6341:
6339:
6335:
6334:
6326:
6325:
6318:
6311:
6303:
6294:
6293:
6291:
6290:
6289:
6288:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6221:
6215:
6213:
6209:
6208:
6206:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6190:
6185:
6180:
6169:
6167:
6163:
6162:
6160:
6159:
6154:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6117:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6081:
6079:
6074:
6071:
6070:
6068:
6067:
6059:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6035:
6033:
6029:
6028:
6026:
6025:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5978:
5976:
5972:
5971:
5969:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5947:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5921:
5915:
5913:
5909:
5908:
5905:
5904:
5899:
5893:
5892:
5889:
5888:
5881:
5880:
5873:
5866:
5858:
5849:
5848:
5846:
5845:
5840:
5835:
5829:
5826:
5825:
5823:
5822:
5816:
5810:
5807:
5806:
5804:
5803:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5768:
5765:
5764:
5757:
5755:
5753:
5752:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5724:Czechoslovakia
5721:
5716:
5710:
5708:
5701:
5698:
5697:
5688:
5687:
5680:
5673:
5665:
5658:
5657:External links
5655:
5654:
5653:
5646:
5639:
5629:
5626:
5623:
5622:
5615:
5594:
5451:
5444:
5420:
5396:
5386:Balkan Insight
5368:
5350:
5321:
5296:
5289:
5268:
5249:
5229:
5209:
5202:
5184:
5169:
5155:
5130:
5116:
5090:
5070:
5061:Shqiptarja.com
5048:
5015:
5006:
4997:
4988:
4984:Schauprozesse.
4975:
4969:Owen Pearson:
4962:
4942:
4932:
4912:
4898:
4878:
4857:
4831:
4820:
4808:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4801:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4768:
4765:
4762:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4743:
4736:
4730:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4717:
4716:Yuejin NJ-130
4713:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4700:
4694:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4675:
4668:
4662:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4643:
4636:
4630:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4611:
4604:
4600:
4599:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4576:
4569:
4563:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4544:
4537:
4531:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4512:
4505:
4499:
4498:
4494:
4493:
4490:
4487:
4480:
4474:
4473:
4470:
4467:
4454:
4447:
4441:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4422:
4415:
4409:
4408:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4385:
4378:
4372:
4371:
4367:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4348:
4341:
4340:100mm Type-59
4337:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4324:
4317:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4304:
4300:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4281:
4274:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4248:
4241:
4237:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4218:
4211:
4204:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4185:
4178:
4171:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4158:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4131:
4124:
4117:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4098:
4091:
4084:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4065:
4058:
4051:
4050:
4046:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4027:
4020:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4000:
3999:
3998:(Jeep-Based).
3996:
3993:
3986:
3985:
3982:
3979:
3966:
3959:
3952:
3951:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3928:
3921:
3914:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3901:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3881:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3855:
3848:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3831:
3824:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3811:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3791:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3765:
3758:
3757:122mm Type-54
3754:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3741:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3721:
3717:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3704:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3687:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3664:
3657:
3650:
3649:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3626:
3624:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3604:
3597:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3584:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3558:
3551:
3544:
3543:
3542:Heavy Mortars
3539:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3520:
3518:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3501:
3495:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3476:
3469:
3465:
3464:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3441:
3434:
3428:
3427:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3404:
3397:
3391:
3390:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3367:
3365:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3342:
3340:
3334:
3333:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3316:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3291:
3284:
3278:
3277:
3273:
3272:
3269:
3266:
3253:
3246:
3240:
3239:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3222:
3216:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3196:
3189:
3183:
3182:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3165:
3159:
3158:
3145:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3126:
3123:
3110:
3103:
3097:
3096:
3092:
3091:
3088:
3085:
3082:
3079:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3023:
3017:
3011:
2998:
2997:
2991:
2985:
2972:
2971:
2965:
2950:
2947:
2897:
2894:
2877:
2874:
2758:Main article:
2755:
2752:
2657:Western Europe
2602:
2599:
2595:women's rights
2525:unleashed the
2479:Main article:
2475:
2474:
2433:
2431:
2424:
2418:
2415:
2393:
2390:
2379:activities or
2208:
2205:
2094:transportation
2018:Czechoslovakia
2002:communist bloc
1991:
1988:
1937:major incident
1918:United Nations
1904:
1901:
1872:Milovan Djilas
1798:, and Marshal
1785:Serbo-Croatian
1759:
1756:
1654:Balli Kombëtar
1643:prime minister
1627:
1624:
1616:
1613:
1541:national unity
1488:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1477:
1470:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1417:January Events
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1393:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1291:
1286:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1245:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1228:Lithuania 1991
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1092:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1044:
1043:
1035:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
995:
987:
982:
981:
978:
977:
974:
973:
967:
953:
948:
942:
937:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
884:Czechoslovakia
881:
876:
871:
865:
860:
855:
850:
844:
838:
833:
832:
829:
828:
825:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
748:
733:
732:
729:
728:
720:
719:
707:
706:
701:
697:
696:
693:
692:
689:
688:
681:
672:
669:
668:
663:
651:
650:
645:
635:
634:
629:
625:
624:
609:
605:
604:
595:
593:(1990 formula)
585:
584:
581:
580:
577:
571:
568:
567:
564:
558:
555:
554:
551:
545:
542:
541:
538:
532:
529:
528:
523:
517:
514:
513:
510:
504:
501:
500:
497:
491:
488:
487:
484:
478:
475:
474:
471:
470:
465:
464:Historical era
461:
460:
455:
451:
450:
447:
446:
441:
438:
435:
434:
429:
426:
423:
422:
417:
414:
411:
410:
407:
406:
403:
401:Prime Minister
397:
396:
393:
392:
387:
384:
381:
380:
375:
372:
369:
368:
363:
360:
357:
356:
353:
352:
349:
343:
342:
339:
338:
333:
330:
327:
326:
321:
318:
315:
314:
311:
310:
307:
301:
300:
295:
291:
290:
285:
279:
278:
273:
269:
268:
263:
259:
258:
253:
250:
246:
245:
236:Member of the
234:
230:
229:
226:
218:
217:
185:
169:
168:
143:
142:
135:
128:
127:
121:
114:
113:
112:
109:
108:
104:
103:
46:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8979:
8968:
8965:
8963:
8960:
8958:
8955:
8953:
8950:
8948:
8945:
8943:
8940:
8938:
8935:
8933:
8930:
8928:
8925:
8923:
8920:
8918:
8915:
8913:
8910:
8908:
8905:
8903:
8900:
8898:
8895:
8893:
8890:
8889:
8887:
8872:
8869:
8868:
8863:
8859:
8856:
8852:
8849:
8845:
8844:
8840:
8826:
8825:Copyright law
8823:
8821:
8818:
8816:
8813:
8812:
8810:
8806:
8800:
8797:
8795:
8792:
8790:
8787:
8785:
8784:Sign language
8782:
8780:
8777:
8775:
8773:
8768:
8765:
8763:
8761:
8756:
8753:
8751:
8748:
8747:
8745:
8743:
8739:
8733:
8730:
8728:
8725:
8723:
8720:
8718:
8715:
8714:
8712:
8710:Entertainment
8708:
8698:
8697:Indoor arenas
8695:
8693:
8690:
8688:
8685:
8683:
8680:
8678:
8675:
8673:
8670:
8668:
8665:
8663:
8662:Weightlifting
8660:
8659:
8657:
8653:
8647:
8644:
8642:
8639:
8637:
8634:
8632:
8631:National team
8629:
8628:
8626:
8622:
8619:
8615:
8605:
8602:
8600:
8597:
8595:
8592:
8590:
8587:
8585:
8582:
8580:
8577:
8575:
8571:
8567:
8566:
8564:
8562:
8558:
8552:
8549:
8547:
8544:
8542:
8539:
8537:
8534:
8532:
8529:
8527:
8524:
8523:
8521:
8519:
8515:
8509:
8508:Sworn virgins
8506:
8504:
8501:
8499:
8496:
8494:
8491:
8489:
8486:
8484:
8481:
8479:
8476:
8475:
8473:
8469:
8463:
8460:
8458:
8450:
8448:
8445:
8443:
8440:
8438:
8435:
8433:
8430:
8428:
8425:
8423:
8420:
8418:
8415:
8410:
8406:
8405:
8404:
8401:
8400:
8398:
8396:
8392:
8386:
8383:
8381:
8378:
8376:
8373:
8371:
8368:
8367:
8365:
8362:
8358:
8354:
8351:
8349:
8345:
8340:
8337:
8335:
8332:
8330:
8327:
8325:
8322:
8320:
8317:
8315:
8312:
8310:
8308:
8304:
8300:
8297:
8295:
8291:
8277:
8273:
8269:
8267:
8264:
8262:
8260:
8255:
8252:
8250:
8247:
8246:
8237:
8234:
8232:
8229:
8227:
8224:
8222:
8219:
8217:
8214:
8212:
8209:
8208:
8206:
8202:
8199:
8197:
8193:
8187:
8184:
8182:
8179:
8177:
8174:
8172:
8170:
8165:
8162:
8160:
8157:
8155:
8152:
8150:
8147:
8145:
8142:
8140:
8137:
8135:
8132:
8131:
8129:
8125:
8120:
8112:
8110:
8107:
8105:
8101:
8095:
8092:
8091:
8082:
8079:
8077:
8074:
8072:
8069:
8067:
8064:
8063:
8061:
8057:
8054:
8052:
8048:
8042:
8039:
8037:
8034:
8032:
8029:
8028:
8026:
8022:
8016:
8013:
8011:
8008:
8007:
8005:
8001:
7995:
7992:
7990:
7987:
7985:
7982:
7980:
7974:
7972:
7969:
7968:
7966:
7962:
7958:
7955:
7953:
7949:
7935:
7932:
7930:
7927:
7925:
7922:
7920:
7917:
7915:
7912:
7911:
7909:
7905:
7899:
7896:
7894:
7891:
7889:
7886:
7884:
7881:
7879:
7876:
7875:
7873:
7871:
7867:
7861:
7858:
7856:
7853:
7851:
7849:
7844:
7841:
7839:
7836:
7835:
7833:
7829:
7824:
7821:
7819:
7816:
7814:
7811:
7809:
7806:
7804:
7801:
7799:
7796:
7794:
7791:
7789:
7787:
7783:
7777:
7774:
7772:
7769:
7767:
7764:
7762:
7759:
7757:
7754:
7753:
7744:
7741:
7739:
7736:
7734:
7731:
7729:
7726:
7725:
7723:
7719:
7716:
7714:
7710:
7704:
7701:
7699:
7691:
7689:
7686:
7684:
7681:
7679:
7676:
7674:
7672:
7667:
7666:Head of state
7664:
7662:
7660:
7655:
7652:
7651:
7649:
7645:
7641:
7638:
7636:
7632:
7618:
7615:
7613:
7605:
7603:
7600:
7598:
7595:
7594:
7592:
7590:
7586:
7580:
7577:
7575:
7572:
7570:
7567:
7565:
7562:
7561:
7559:
7555:
7551:
7548:
7546:
7542:
7537:
7523:
7520:
7518:
7515:
7513:
7510:
7509:
7507:
7503:
7497:
7494:
7492:
7489:
7487:
7484:
7482:
7479:
7477:
7474:
7472:
7469:
7467:
7464:
7462:
7459:
7457:
7454:
7452:
7449:
7447:
7444:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7434:
7432:
7429:
7427:
7424:
7422:
7419:
7417:
7414:
7412:
7409:
7407:
7404:
7402:
7399:
7397:
7394:
7392:
7389:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7379:
7378:
7376:
7371:
7367:
7361:
7358:
7356:
7353:
7351:
7348:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7293:
7291:
7288:
7286:
7283:
7281:
7278:
7277:
7275:
7270:
7266:
7260:
7257:
7255:
7252:
7250:
7247:
7245:
7242:
7241:
7239:
7234:
7230:
7224:
7221:
7219:
7216:
7214:
7211:
7209:
7206:
7204:
7201:
7199:
7196:
7194:
7191:
7189:
7186:
7184:
7181:
7179:
7176:
7174:
7171:
7170:
7168:
7166:
7162:
7159:
7157:
7153:
7149:
7145:
7138:
7133:
7131:
7126:
7124:
7119:
7118:
7115:
7105:
7100:
7086:
7083:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7063:
7061:
7058:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7048:
7046:
7043:
7041:
7038:
7034:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7025:
7023:
7021:
7020:Crimea (1919)
7018:
7016:
7013:
7011:
7008:
7006:
7003:
7001:
6998:
6994:
6991:
6989:
6986:
6985:
6983:
6981:
6978:
6976:
6973:
6971:
6968:
6967:
6965:
6961:
6955:
6952:
6950:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6923:
6920:
6918:
6915:
6914:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6900:
6899:
6897:
6893:
6883:
6882:South Vietnam
6880:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6853:
6850:
6848:
6845:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6824:
6822:
6818:
6810:
6809:North Vietnam
6807:
6806:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6750:
6748:
6745:
6744:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6732:
6731:
6729:
6725:
6719:
6716:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6700:
6698:
6694:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6643:
6642:
6640:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6614:
6612:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6597:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6532:
6530:
6526:
6520:
6519:United States
6517:
6515:
6512:
6511:
6509:
6505:
6499:
6496:
6492:
6489:
6488:
6486:
6482:
6479:
6478:
6477:
6476:United States
6474:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6442:
6439:
6437:
6434:
6432:
6429:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6393:
6390:
6389:
6388:
6385:
6384:
6382:
6380:
6377:
6373:
6370:
6369:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6356:
6355:New Australia
6353:
6352:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6343:
6342:
6340:
6336:
6331:
6324:
6319:
6317:
6312:
6310:
6305:
6304:
6301:
6287:
6286:Yugoslav Wars
6284:
6283:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6226:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6216:
6214:
6210:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6181:
6178:
6174:
6171:
6170:
6168:
6164:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6149:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6121:
6120:Prague Spring
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6082:
6080:
6072:
6066:
6060:
6058:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6036:
6034:
6032:Organizations
6030:
6024:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5980:
5979:
5977:
5973:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5934:Baltic states
5932:
5930:
5927:
5926:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5916:
5914:
5910:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5894:
5890:
5886:
5879:
5874:
5872:
5867:
5865:
5860:
5859:
5856:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5830:
5827:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5811:
5808:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5777:
5773:
5772:Soviet Russia
5770:
5769:
5766:
5761:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5711:
5705:
5699:
5694:
5686:
5681:
5679:
5674:
5672:
5667:
5666:
5663:
5651:
5647:
5644:
5640:
5638:
5636:
5632:
5631:
5618:
5612:
5608:
5604:
5598:
5583:
5579:
5572:
5570:
5568:
5566:
5564:
5562:
5560:
5558:
5556:
5554:
5552:
5550:
5548:
5546:
5544:
5542:
5540:
5538:
5536:
5534:
5532:
5530:
5528:
5526:
5524:
5522:
5520:
5518:
5516:
5514:
5512:
5510:
5508:
5506:
5504:
5502:
5500:
5498:
5496:
5494:
5492:
5490:
5488:
5486:
5484:
5482:
5480:
5478:
5476:
5474:
5472:
5470:
5468:
5466:
5464:
5462:
5460:
5458:
5456:
5447:
5441:
5437:
5433:
5427:
5425:
5417:
5412:
5411:
5406:
5400:
5393:
5388:
5387:
5382:
5375:
5373:
5364:
5360:
5354:
5338:
5331:
5325:
5310:
5306:
5300:
5292:
5286:
5282:
5275:
5273:
5265:
5261:
5258:
5253:
5246:
5245:1-85065-279-1
5242:
5238:
5233:
5226:
5225:1-85065-279-1
5222:
5218:
5213:
5205:
5199:
5195:
5188:
5180:
5173:
5165:
5159:
5144:
5140:
5134:
5126:
5120:
5105:. 14 May 1955
5104:
5100:
5094:
5087:
5086:1-85065-279-1
5083:
5079:
5074:
5066:
5062:
5058:
5052:
5036:
5032:
5027:
5019:
5010:
5001:
4992:
4985:
4979:
4972:
4966:
4959:
4958:1-85065-279-1
4955:
4951:
4946:
4939:
4935:
4929:
4925:
4924:
4916:
4908:
4902:
4894:
4893:
4888:
4882:
4875:
4871:
4867:
4861:
4853:
4849:
4842:
4835:
4829:
4824:
4818:
4813:
4809:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4770:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4744:
4741:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4731:
4728:
4725:
4722:
4718:
4715:
4714:
4711:
4708:
4705:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4695:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4673:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4644:
4641:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4631:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4612:
4609:
4605:
4602:
4601:
4596:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4577:
4574:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4564:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4545:
4542:
4538:
4536:
4535:Beijing BJ212
4533:
4532:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4513:
4510:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4500:
4495:
4491:
4488:
4485:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4475:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4452:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4442:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4423:
4420:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4410:
4405:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4386:
4383:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4373:
4368:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4349:
4346:
4342:
4339:
4338:
4335:
4332:
4329:
4325:
4323:
4319:
4318:
4315:
4312:
4309:
4305:
4302:
4301:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4279:
4275:
4273:
4269:
4268:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4249:
4246:
4242:
4240:37mm Type-65
4239:
4238:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4219:
4216:
4212:
4210:
4206:
4205:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4186:
4183:
4179:
4177:
4173:
4172:
4169:
4166:
4163:
4159:
4156:
4152:
4151:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4129:
4125:
4123:
4119:
4118:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4099:
4096:
4092:
4090:
4086:
4085:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4066:
4063:
4059:
4057:
4053:
4052:
4047:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4028:
4025:
4021:
4019:
4015:
4014:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4002:
4001:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3988:
3987:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3964:
3958:
3954:
3953:
3948:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3929:
3926:
3922:
3920:
3916:
3915:
3912:
3909:
3906:
3902:
3900:
3896:
3895:
3892:
3889:
3886:
3882:
3880:
3876:
3875:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3853:
3849:
3847:130mm SM-4-1
3846:
3845:
3842:
3839:
3836:
3832:
3830:
3826:
3825:
3822:
3819:
3816:
3812:
3810:
3806:
3805:
3802:
3799:
3796:
3792:
3790:
3786:
3785:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3763:
3759:
3756:
3755:
3752:
3749:
3746:
3742:
3740:
3736:
3735:
3732:
3729:
3726:
3722:
3719:
3718:
3715:
3712:
3709:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3698:
3695:
3692:
3688:
3685:
3684:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3662:
3658:
3656:
3652:
3651:
3646:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3627:
3625:
3623:
3619:
3618:
3615:
3612:
3609:
3605:
3603:
3599:
3598:
3595:
3592:
3589:
3585:
3583:
3579:
3578:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3556:
3552:
3550:
3546:
3545:
3540:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3512:
3509:
3506:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3474:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3461:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3442:
3439:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3426:Bridgelayers
3424:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3405:
3402:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3387:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3343:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3330:
3327:
3324:
3321:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3289:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3274:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3254:
3251:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3236:
3233:
3230:
3227:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3217:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3194:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3179:
3176:
3173:
3170:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3157:
3143:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3130:
3122:
3111:
3108:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3093:
3089:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3070:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3021:
3018:
3015:
3012:
3009:
3006:
3005:
3004:
3002:
2995:
2992:
2989:
2986:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2946:
2944:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2932:
2926:
2925:
2920:
2918:
2917:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2873:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2846:
2845:unfulfilled.
2843:
2837:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2810:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2767:
2761:
2751:
2747:
2745:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2727:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2698:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2678:
2673:
2669:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2649:Richard Nixon
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2617:
2613:
2608:
2601:Self-reliance
2598:
2596:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2579:. Considered
2578:
2572:
2568:
2566:
2562:
2557:
2553:
2548:
2544:
2539:
2537:
2533:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2500:
2495:
2487:
2482:
2471:
2468:
2460:
2457:December 2018
2450:
2446:
2440:
2439:
2434:This section
2432:
2428:
2423:
2422:
2414:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2403:Joseph Stalin
2400:
2389:
2385:
2382:
2378:
2373:
2369:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2347:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2330:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2289:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2266:economic life
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2231:
2227:
2219:
2214:
2204:
2203:'s orchard".
2202:
2198:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2184:secret speech
2181:
2177:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2145:
2143:
2139:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2114:
2109:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1997:
1987:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1948:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1914:
1910:
1909:United States
1900:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1883:
1881:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1868:Joseph Stalin
1865:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1847:
1845:
1839:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1788:
1786:
1780:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1755:
1752:
1747:
1743:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1716:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1700:
1696:
1694:
1693:war criminals
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1669:
1665:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1650:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1635:
1633:
1622:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1553:atheist state
1550:
1546:
1545:self-reliance
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1521:
1520:(1944–1946).
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1483:
1478:
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1463:
1461:
1460:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
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1438:
1435:
1433:
1432:Yugoslav Wars
1430:
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1425:
1423:
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1320:Secret Speech
1318:
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1298:
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1295:Marshall Plan
1293:
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1003:
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979:
971:
968:
965:
961:
960:North Vietnam
957:
954:
952:
949:
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943:
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938:
935:
932:
930:
927:
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922:
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839:
831:
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823:
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815:
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795:
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750:
749:
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739:
731:
730:
722:
721:
718:
713:
712:
705:
702:
700:Today part of
698:
682:
680:
677:
676:
673:
667:
664:
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656:
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649:
646:
644:
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630:
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621:
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606:
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586:
582:
579:22 March 1992
578:
575:
569:
566:31 March 1991
565:
562:
556:
552:
549:
543:
539:
536:
530:
524:
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476:
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412:
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398:
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388:
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379:
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364:
358:
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350:
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344:
340:
337:
334:
328:
325:
322:
316:
312:
308:
306:
302:
299:
296:
292:
289:
286:
284:
280:
277:
276:State atheism
274:
270:
267:
264:
260:
257:
254:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
224:
219:
181:
180:
174:
170:
163:
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153:
152:
148:
144:
138:
132:
124:
118:
110:
105:
98:
86:
78:
66:
59:
49:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
8927:Isolationism
8902:Eastern Bloc
8862:Bibliography
8769:
8767:Coat of arms
8757:
8655:Other sports
8478:Folk beliefs
8442:Universities
8370:Architecture
8314:Demographics
8256:
8166:
8015:Supermarkets
7989:Trade unions
7870:Human rights
7845:
7786:Subdivisions
7756:Constitution
7668:
7656:
7602:Biodiversity
7496:EU Accession
7470:
7370:Independence
6980:Baranya–Baja
6949:Soviet Union
6929:East Germany
6901:
6627:Burkina Faso
6223:
5981:
5897:Soviet Union
5885:Eastern Bloc
5833:Eastern Bloc
5776:Soviet Union
5729:East Germany
5713:
5649:
5642:
5633:
5606:
5597:
5585:. Retrieved
5581:
5435:
5414:
5410:Tirana Times
5408:
5399:
5390:
5384:
5362:
5353:
5341:. Retrieved
5336:
5324:
5312:. Retrieved
5308:
5299:
5280:
5252:
5236:
5232:
5216:
5212:
5193:
5187:
5178:
5172:
5163:
5158:
5146:. Retrieved
5142:
5133:
5124:
5119:
5107:. Retrieved
5102:
5093:
5077:
5073:
5065:the original
5060:
5051:
5039:. Retrieved
5030:
5018:
5009:
5000:
4991:
4983:
4978:
4970:
4965:
4949:
4945:
4937:
4922:
4915:
4901:
4890:
4881:
4873:
4869:
4860:
4851:
4847:
4834:
4823:
4812:
4754:East Germany
4698:Jiefang CA30
4666:Jiefang CA10
4654:Soviet Union
4523:Soviet Union
4433:Soviet Union
4292:Soviet Union
4229:Soviet Union
4142:Soviet Union
4076:Soviet Union
4038:Soviet Union
3866:Soviet Union
3686:76mm M-1943
3675:Soviet Union
3569:Soviet Union
3487:Soviet Union
3432:Jiefang CA30
3415:Soviet Union
3353:Soviet Union
3264:Soviet Union
3207:Soviet Union
3129:
3121:Soviet Union
3058:
3044:
3020:Adil Çarçani
3014:Mehmet Shehu
2999:
2988:Haxhi Lleshi
2982:Omer Nishani
2973:
2952:
2942:
2940:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2915:
2899:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2879:
2847:
2838:
2834:human rights
2811:
2795:Soviet Union
2771:West Germany
2763:
2748:
2744:The Titoites
2743:
2735:Mehmet Shehu
2728:
2711:organization
2699:
2682:
2621:
2591:conservatism
2573:
2569:
2564:
2560:
2540:
2504:
2463:
2454:
2443:Please help
2438:verification
2435:
2395:
2386:
2364:
2360:Sazan Island
2348:
2344:
2325:
2290:
2282:Soviet Union
2235:
2173:
2146:
2135:
2110:
2106:
2046:
2034:Sazan Island
2030:Soviet Union
1999:
1984:
1976:West Germany
1949:
1934:
1906:
1892:Mehmet Shehu
1884:
1876:
1860:
1848:
1840:
1820:
1789:
1781:
1761:
1748:
1744:
1728:
1717:
1713:
1701:
1697:
1674:
1651:
1636:
1629:
1590:
1535:, and later
1522:
1505:
1501:
1493:
1491:
1266:to Hong Kong
1261:East Germany
1213:Tbilisi 1989
1198:Romania 1977
1166:Hungary 1956
1161:Georgia 1956
997:
990:
889:East Germany
846:
716:Eastern Bloc
648:Succeeded by
647:
642:
628:Calling code
620:Albanian lek
444:Adil Çarçani
432:Mehmet Shehu
378:Haxhi Lleshi
366:Omer Nishani
244:(until 1987)
172:
159:
149:
147:Motto:
146:
84:
64:
47:
40:
8375:Photography
8361:(galleries)
8236:Lighthouses
8109:Oil and gas
8031:Agriculture
7831:Legislature
7703:Visa policy
7589:Environment
7272:(1385–1912)
7236:(1190–1385)
7233:Middle Ages
6963:Short-lived
6820:Short-lived
6789:South Yemen
6774:North Korea
6734:Afghanistan
6451:New Zealand
6446:Netherlands
6212:Dissolution
6152:Martial law
6075:Revolts and
6049:Warsaw Pact
5838:Warsaw Pact
5814:Byelorussia
5314:16 February
3720:100mm BS-3
3063:Warsaw Pact
3022:(1981–1991)
3016:(1954–1981)
3010:(1946–1954)
3008:Enver Hoxha
2996:(1982–1991)
2990:(1953–1982)
2984:(1946–1953)
2970:(1985–1991)
2964:(1946–1985)
2962:Enver Hoxha
2791:perestroika
2715:association
2511:malfeasance
2507:bureaucracy
2407:Warsaw Pact
2377:Warsaw Pact
2161:Warsaw Pact
2138:his funeral
2113:health care
1854:for Hoxha)
1639:Enver Hoxha
1565:Warsaw Pact
1525:Enver Hoxha
1496:(Albanian:
1352:Vietnam War
1342:Berlin Wall
1271:North Korea
1208:Brașov 1987
1176:Prague 1968
1139:Poznań 1956
992:Warsaw Pact
951:South Yemen
929:North Korea
842:Afghanistan
762:Byelorussia
643:Preceded by
622:(1947–1991)
615:(1946–1947)
454:Legislature
420:Enver Hoxha
324:Enver Hoxha
238:Warsaw Pact
90:(1991–1992)
70:(1976–1991)
52:(1946–1976)
8886:Categories
8722:Television
8682:Volleyball
8677:Basketball
8531:Fustanella
8493:Secularism
8462:Albanology
8447:Publishers
8427:Literature
8169:structures
8036:Healthcare
7978:(currency)
7860:Opposition
7761:Corruption
7654:Government
7203:Dassaretii
7075:Tarnobrzeg
7000:Bessarabia
6954:Yugoslavia
6677:Seychelles
6672:Mozambique
6667:Madagascar
6590:Vietnamese
6585:Venezuelan
6575:Nicaraguan
6570:Melanesian
6487:Venezuela
6399:Kuomintang
6392:since 1978
6362:Bangladesh
6338:By country
6332:by country
6166:Conditions
6144:Solidarity
6077:opposition
5749:Yugoslavia
5637:of Albania
5628:References
5309:Constitute
3703:85mm D-44
3517:Type-60-1
2994:Ramiz Alia
2968:Ramiz Alia
2876:Government
2858:corruption
2826:revolution
2766:Ramiz Alia
2754:Transition
2731:Ramiz Alia
2695:World Bank
2675:Center of
2641:Yugoslavia
2605:See also:
2561:religious,
2523:Mao Zedong
2368:Mao Zedong
2339:Mao Zedong
2321:Tahir Demi
2317:Teme Sejko
2301:Khrushchev
2286:Ramiz Alia
2260:" through
2254:Yugoslavia
2211:See also:
2169:Yugoslavia
2028:, and the
1994:See also:
1980:Kim Philby
1844:Nako Spiru
1832:Rrogozhinë
1764:Yugoslavia
1709:irrigation
1681:Yugoslavia
1662:King Zog I
1619:See also:
1508:, was the
1362:Afghan War
1315:Korean War
1151:Plzeň 1953
1030:Opposition
970:Yugoslavia
924:Mozambique
822:Uzbekistan
807:Tajikistan
777:Kazakhstan
757:Azerbaijan
390:Ramiz Alia
336:Ramiz Alia
294:Government
283:Demonym(s)
8667:Athletics
8579:Tavë kosi
8471:Tradition
8437:Libraries
8395:Education
8204:Monuments
8186:Squatting
8164:Highrises
8059:Operators
8041:Companies
7898:Ombudsman
7838:Elections
7713:Judiciary
7647:Executive
7564:Mountains
7557:Landscape
7545:Geography
7426:Vlora War
7223:Taulantii
7198:Bylliones
7165:Illyrians
7033:1939–1940
6988:1918–1919
6757:1982–1992
6752:1979–1992
6747:1975–1979
6743:Cambodia
6718:Nicaragua
6650:1987–1991
6645:1974–1987
6641:Ethiopia
6580:Tanzanian
6461:Sri Lanka
6404:Hong Kong
6387:Communist
6350:Australia
6345:Argentina
6330:Socialism
6225:Die Wende
6198:Economies
6039:Cominform
6022:(to 1948)
5984:(to 1961)
5912:Formation
5902:Communism
5800:1982–1991
5795:1964–1982
5790:1953–1964
5785:1927–1953
5780:1917–1927
5693:Communist
3984:(Towed).
3829:Type-59-I
3582:120-PM-43
3549:120-PM-38
2739:bourgeois
2565:religious
2515:inflation
2372:beachhead
2352:Liri Gega
2201:socialism
2122:communism
2117:education
2053:Stalinist
1880:Politburo
1864:Cominform
1794:with the
1768:Cominform
1677:Koçi Xoxe
1533:Stalinist
1233:Riga 1991
1223:Baku 1990
1113:Lithuania
1005:Cominform
909:Kampuchea
812:Turkmenia
792:Lithuania
782:Kirghizia
737:Republics
540:1972–1978
512:1956–1961
272:Religion
107:1946–1992
8922:Hoxhaism
8871:Category
8794:Passport
8772:armorial
8750:Heraldry
8692:Olympics
8687:Swimming
8646:Stadiums
8624:Football
8551:Xhamadan
8536:Xhubleta
8518:Costumes
8498:Religion
8457:Proverbs
8422:Language
8403:Alphabet
8385:Theatres
8334:Diaspora
8231:Churches
8149:Railways
8139:Aviation
8134:Highways
8024:Industry
7984:Taxation
7914:Military
7907:Security
7878:Abortion
7848:speakers
7843:Assembly
7818:Villages
7813:Communes
7798:Counties
7766:EURALIUS
7698:Treaties
7659:agencies
7635:Politics
7522:Archives
7517:Timeline
7505:See also
7218:Parthini
7213:Labeatae
7193:Balaites
7188:Amantini
7148:articles
7085:Würzburg
7060:Naissaar
7024:Finland
6984:Bavaria
6922:Slovakia
6907:Bulgaria
6837:Far East
6784:Mongolia
6696:Americas
6560:European
6491:Chavismo
6456:Pakistan
6193:Politics
5719:Bulgaria
5605:(1989).
5587:21 March
5434:(1989).
5260:Archived
5148:13 March
5103:BBC News
5035:Archived
4848:Revistia
4767:See also
4734:IFA W 50
4272:AZP S-60
3364:Type 73
3051:Albanian
3027:Military
2902:Hoxhaist
2822:executed
2787:glasnost
2719:assembly
2547:religion
2313:Sigurimi
2190:and the
2066:chromite
2038:Bulgaria
1956:King Zog
1852:fall guy
1621:Hoxhaism
1578:Sigurimi
1561:religion
1537:Hoxhaist
1527:and the
1377:Gulf War
1181:Invasion
1055:Bulgaria
919:Mongolia
894:Ethiopia
863:Bulgaria
797:Moldavia
608:Currency
468:Cold War
288:Albanian
266:Albanian
8848:Outline
8820:Smoking
8742:Symbols
8672:Cycling
8641:Players
8561:Cuisine
8526:Qeleshe
8417:Abetare
8409:scripts
8380:Museums
8348:Culture
8294:Society
8266:Beaches
8259:riviera
8221:Mosques
8216:Castles
8196:Tourism
8159:Tunnels
8154:Bridges
7971:Banking
7964:Finance
7952:Economy
7929:Prisons
7855:Members
7612:Habitat
7597:Climate
7579:Islands
7512:Origins
7208:Enchele
7183:Amantes
7178:Albanoi
7173:Ardiaei
7156:History
7144:Albania
7055:Ireland
7045:Galicia
6944:Romania
6902:Albania
6857:Jiangxi
6804:Vietnam
6708:Grenada
6682:Somalia
6565:Israeli
6555:Chinese
6550:Burmese
6545:British
6535:African
6507:History
6498:Vietnam
6466:Tunisia
6416:Finland
6411:Estonia
6044:COMECON
5944:Romania
5939:Hungary
5843:Comecon
5819:Ukraine
5744:Romania
5734:Hungary
5714:Albania
4634:ZiL-151
4598:Trucks
4587:Romania
4567:ARO 244
4407:Radars
4176:Type-56
4174:14.5mm
4157:
4153:14.5mm
4120:14.5mm
4089:Type-54
4087:12.7mm
4054:12.7mm
4005:Type-63
3991:Type-63
3957:Type-63
3919:Type-66
3809:Type-59
3789:Type-60
3622:Type-56
3395:BAV 385
3314:Type-77
3282:Type-63
3163:Type-62
3136:Type-59
3101:T-34/85
3087:Number
3084:Origin
2848:In the
2805:across
2793:in the
2723:autarky
2637:African
2618:in 1978
2586:chattel
2381:Comecon
2305:Beijing
2178:of the
2078:asphalt
2026:Romania
2022:Hungary
1913:British
1828:Elbasan
1691:" and "
1615:History
1514:Albania
1242:Dissent
1144:1980–89
1103:Estonia
1080:Ukraine
1070:Romania
1060:Croatia
1050:Albania
999:Comecon
956:Vietnam
945:Somalia
940:Romania
904:Hungary
899:Grenada
847:Albania
817:Ukraine
772:Georgia
767:Estonia
752:Armenia
740:of the
704:Albania
572:•
559:•
546:•
533:•
518:•
505:•
492:•
479:•
249:Capital
242:Comecon
173:Anthem:
32:Albania
8732:Cinema
8617:Sports
8584:Kabuni
8574:Gjellë
8546:Opinga
8503:Nevruz
8324:Tribes
8319:Census
8307:People
8226:Tekkes
8119:Mining
8051:Energy
8003:Retail
7919:Police
7569:Rivers
7386:Anthem
7146:
7065:Saxony
7010:Bremen
6939:Poland
6895:Europe
6862:Kuwait
6842:Fujian
6657:Guinea
6617:Angola
6610:Africa
6426:Greece
6421:France
6383:China
6379:Canada
6372:Lulism
6367:Brazil
6064:(WFDY)
6056:(WFTU)
5739:Poland
5695:period
5613:
5576:Oryx.
5442:
5343:26 May
5287:
5243:
5223:
5200:
5109:27 May
5084:
5041:26 May
4956:
4930:
4751:
4683:
4651:
4622:France
4619:
4584:
4552:
4520:
4503:GAZ-69
4462:
4445:SNR-75
4430:
4393:
4356:
4320:100mm
4289:
4256:
4226:
4209:M-1939
4193:
4139:
4106:
4073:
4035:
4016:132mm
4003:130mm
3989:107mm
3974:
3955:107mm
3936:
3917:152mm
3897:152mm
3877:152mm
3863:
3827:130mm
3807:130mm
3787:122mm
3773:
3737:122mm
3672:
3634:
3620:160mm
3600:160mm
3580:120mm
3566:
3547:120mm
3528:
3484:
3449:
3412:
3375:
3350:
3338:T-34-T
3299:
3261:
3220:SU-100
3204:
3153:
3118:
3095:Tanks
3090:Notes
3081:Image
3039:, and
2896:Legacy
2820:) was
2812:After
2779:France
2717:, and
2705:, the
2677:Tirana
2645:Greece
2625:France
2616:Durrës
2252:, and
2080:, and
2074:nickel
2070:copper
2049:Stalin
2014:Poland
2008:, the
1968:Cyprus
1926:Greece
1896:purges
1812:Tirana
1776:Kosovo
1762:Until
1705:famine
1599:. The
1256:Poland
1251:Soviet
1186:Moscow
1108:Latvia
1075:Serbia
1065:Poland
934:Poland
853:Angola
802:Russia
787:Latvia
613:Franga
591:
405:
351:
309:
256:Tirana
233:Status
175:
137:Emblem
8855:Index
8808:Other
8727:Radio
8717:Music
8636:Clubs
8339:Women
8144:Ports
8076:OSHEE
7574:Lakes
7080:Užice
7015:Bihać
6975:Banat
6847:Gilan
6794:Syria
6764:China
6739:Burma
6713:Chile
6687:Sudan
6662:Libya
6637:Egypt
6622:Benin
6441:Italy
6431:India
5333:(PDF)
4844:(PDF)
4804:Notes
4686:China
4555:China
4478:SON-9
4465:China
4396:China
4359:China
4322:KS-19
4270:57mm
4259:China
4207:37mm
4196:China
4155:ZPU-4
4122:ZPU-2
4109:China
3977:China
3939:China
3879:ML-20
3776:China
3655:ZiS-3
3653:76mm
3637:China
3531:China
3468:AT-S
3452:China
3378:China
3302:China
3244:BA-64
3187:SU-76
3156:China
3125:190
3078:Name
2824:in a
2775:Italy
2707:press
2633:Asian
2629:Italy
2499:Enver
2278:Shehu
2274:Hoxha
1972:Malta
1964:Italy
1960:Egypt
1941:Corfu
1870:told
1836:Vlorë
1824:Korçë
1685:trial
1658:Nazis
874:Congo
868:China
858:Benin
597:0.790
8760:list
8755:Flag
8599:Wine
8594:Beer
8589:Raki
8541:Brez
8483:Besa
8066:KESH
7976:Lek
7893:LGBT
7823:Maps
7793:NUTS
7771:SPAK
7671:list
7028:1918
6993:1919
6799:Tuva
6779:Laos
6769:Iraq
6727:Asia
6703:Cuba
6540:Arab
6436:Iran
5611:ISBN
5589:2023
5582:Oryx
5440:ISBN
5345:2024
5316:2015
5285:ISBN
5241:ISBN
5221:ISBN
5198:ISBN
5150:2019
5111:2010
5082:ISBN
5043:2024
4954:ISBN
4928:ISBN
4758:N/A
4726:N/A
4709:N/A
4690:N/A
4658:N/A
4626:N/A
4591:N/A
4559:N/A
4527:N/A
4489:N/A
4469:N/A
4437:N/A
4413:P-35
4376:HQ-2
4363:N/A
4333:N/A
4313:N/A
4296:N/A
4263:N/A
4233:N/A
4200:N/A
4167:N/A
4146:N/A
4113:N/A
4080:N/A
4056:DShK
4042:N/A
4009:N/A
3995:N/A
3981:N/A
3943:N/A
3910:N/A
3890:N/A
3870:N/A
3840:N/A
3820:N/A
3800:N/A
3780:N/A
3750:N/A
3739:M-30
3730:N/A
3713:N/A
3696:N/A
3679:N/A
3641:N/A
3613:N/A
3602:M160
3593:N/A
3573:N/A
3535:N/A
3510:N/A
3499:AT-T
3491:N/A
3456:N/A
3419:N/A
3382:N/A
3357:N/A
3325:N/A
3306:N/A
3268:N/A
3231:N/A
3211:N/A
3174:N/A
3059:UPSh
3045:The
2935:Tosk
2933:and
2931:Gheg
2789:and
2777:and
2683:The
2643:and
2635:and
2319:and
2291:The
2276:and
2256:'s "
2115:and
2082:coal
1911:and
1543:and
1492:The
1390:Fall
914:Laos
879:Cuba
743:USSR
632:+355
601:high
123:Flag
8799:.al
8488:Oda
8357:Art
8081:ERE
8071:OST
7743:KPK
7738:ONM
7733:IKP
7728:KPA
4868:".
3899:D-1
2651:'s
2447:by
2264:of
2062:oil
1924:in
1512:in
964:PRG
589:HDI
8888::
6150:/
6146:/
6122:/
5778::
5774:/
5580:.
5454:^
5423:^
5407:.
5389:.
5383:.
5371:^
5361:.
5335:.
5307:.
5271:^
5141:.
5101:.
5059:.
5033:.
5029:.
4936:,
4889:.
4874:20
4872:.
4850:.
4846:.
3069:.
3057:,
3053::
3035:,
3003::
2977::
2957::
2919:.
2809:.
2746:.
2713:,
2709:,
2627:,
2513:,
2409:.
2248:,
2171:.
2076:,
2072:,
2068:,
2064:,
2024:,
2020:,
2016:,
1970:,
1962:,
1935:A
1734:,
1611:.
962:,
8774:)
8770:(
8762:)
8758:(
8261:)
8257:(
8171:)
8167:(
7850:)
7846:(
7673:)
7669:(
7661:)
7657:(
7136:e
7129:t
7122:v
6322:e
6315:t
6308:v
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6175:(
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5870:t
5863:v
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5670:v
5619:.
5591:.
5448:.
5365:.
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5318:.
5293:.
5206:.
5152:.
5113:.
5045:.
4895:.
4852:3
3049:(
2470:)
2464:(
2459:)
2455:(
2441:.
1481:e
1474:t
1467:v
966:)
958:(
38:.
20:)
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