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515:) new concepts: "The most important single factor influencing learning is what the learner already knows. Ascertain this and teach accordingly." Novak taught students as young as six years old to make concept maps to represent their response to focus questions such as "What is water?" "What causes the seasons?" In his book
52:
929:
Shavelson et al. (1994) identified a number of variations of the general technique presented here for developing concept maps. These include whether (1) the map is hierarchical or free-form in nature, (2) the concepts are provided with or determined by the learner, (3) the students are provided with
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Although Novak originally started with the idea of hierarchical tree-shaped concept maps. This idea is not continued by the followers of Novak's technique or has either been dropped altogether. ... The difference between concept maps and mind maps is that a mind map has only one main concept,
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in the 1970s as a means of representing the emerging science knowledge of students. It has subsequently been used as a way to increase meaningful learning in the sciences and other subjects as well as to represent the expert knowledge of individuals and teams in education, government and business.
530:, allows the individual to become aware of what they know and as a result to be able to modify what they know. Maria Birbili applied the same idea to helping young children learn to think about what they know. McAleese's concept of the
470:
and Bob Gowin, their approach to concept mapping is based on a "learning theory that focuses on concept and propositional learning as the basis on which individuals construct their own idiosyncratic meanings".
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or develop their own structure for the map, (4) there is a limit on the number of lines connecting concepts, and (5) the connecting links must result in the formation of a complete sentence between two nodes.
403:
A concept map typically represents ideas and information as boxes or circles, which it connects with labeled arrows, often in a downward-branching hierarchical structure but also in
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983:
Concept maps: theory, methodology, technology: proceedings of the first
International Conference on Concept Mapping, CMC 2004, Pamplona, Spain, Sept 14–17, 2004
522:
Various attempts have been made to conceptualize the process of creating concept maps. McAleese suggested that the process of making knowledge explicit, using
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Romance, Nancy R.; Vitale, Michael R. (Spring 1999). "Concept mapping as a tool for learning: broadening the framework for student-centered instruction".
726:"advanced organizers" to represent the training context and its relationship to their jobs, to the organization's strategic objectives, to training goals.
1069:
Al-Kunifed, Ali; Wandersee, James H. (1990). "One hundred references related to concept mapping", Journal of
Research in Science Teaching', 27: 1069–75.
805: – representation of concepts and the relationships, constraints, rules, and operations to specify data semantics for a chosen domain of discourse
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519:, Novak stated that a "meaningful learning involves the assimilation of new concepts and propositions into existing cognitive structures."
482:. Concept maps can be more free-form, as multiple hubs and clusters can be created, unlike mind maps, which emerge from a single center.
466:), whereas concept maps were developed by education professionals to support people's learning. In the words of concept-map researchers
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739:, or line of argument (with the specific goal of exposing faults, errors, or gaps in one's own reasoning) for the scrutiny of others.
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Institutional knowledge preservation (retention), e.g., eliciting and mapping expert knowledge of employees prior to retirement
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while a concept map may have several. This means that a mind map can be represented in a hierarchical tree structure.
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664:. Although they are often personalized and idiosyncratic, concept maps can be used to communicate complex ideas.
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and summarizing gleaning key concepts, their relationships and hierarchy from documents and source materials
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Assessing learner understanding of learning objectives, concepts, and the relationship among those concepts
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1149:
Learning, Creating, and Using
Knowledge: Concept Maps as Facilitative Tools in Schools and Corporations
719:"advance organizers" that provide an initial conceptual frame for subsequent information and learning.
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McAleese, R. (1998). "The knowledge arena as an extension to the concept map: reflection in action",
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Facilitating the creation of shared vision and shared understanding within a team or organization
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478:: Both concept maps and topic maps can be contrasted with mind mapping, which is restricted to a
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suggests a virtual space where learners may explore what they know and what they do not know.
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Concept maps are used to stimulate the generation of ideas, and are believed to aid
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Lanzing, Jan (January 1998). "Concept mapping: tools for echoing the minds eye".
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981:. In Cañas, Alberto J.; Novak, Joseph D.; González GarcĂa, FermĂn MarĂa (eds.).
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Designing & Delivering: Scientific, Technical, and
Managerial Presentations,
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Examining the symmetry of complex ideas and arguments and associated terminology
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Applied
Concept Mapping: Capturing, Analyzing, and Organizing Knowledge
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diagramming amongst similar conventions and development methodologies.
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572: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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Concept maps are widely used in education and business. Uses include:
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Collaborative knowledge modeling and the transfer of expert knowledge
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The theory underlying concept maps and how to construct and use them
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Concept maps have their origin in the learning movement called
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30:"Bubble map" redirects here. For the type of thematic map, see
1096:"Mapping knowledge: concept maps in early childhood education"
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maps. The relationship between concepts can be articulated in
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976:"Topic maps: an alternative or a complement to concept maps?"
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such as "causes", "requires", "such as" or "contributes to".
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Moon, B.M.; Hoffman, R.R.; Novak, J.D.; Cañas, A.J. (2011).
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Concept mapping was developed by the professor of education
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into an organizational resource, mapping team knowledge
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these relationships among different concepts is called
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Garrido, Piedad; Tramullas, JesĂşs (September 2004).
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Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
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Concept mapping can also be seen as a first step in
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507:Novak's work is based on the cognitive theories of
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1039:. Institute for Human and Machine Cognition (IHMC)
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450:: Both concept maps and topic maps are kinds of
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660:. Concept mapping is also sometimes used for
380:that depicts suggested relationships between
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945:Novak, Joseph D.; Cañas, Alberto J. (2008).
424:. Concept maps have been used to define the
16:Diagram showing relationships among concepts
735:Detailing the entire structure of an idea,
715:Instructional design: concept maps used as
699:New knowledge creation: e.g., transforming
648:Example concept map created using the IHMC
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818:List of concept- and mind-mapping software
428:of computer systems, for example with the
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300:List of concept- and mind-mapping software
1174:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1060:. Holt, Rinehart & Winston, New York.
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953:Institute for Human and Machine Cognition
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729:Communicating complex ideas and arguments
632:Learn how and when to remove this message
1058:Educational Psychology: A Cognitive View
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781: – Method of organizing information
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1197:(1st ed.). Boca Raton: CRC Press.
1107:Early Childhood Research & Practice
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396:, and others to organize and structure
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1678:Constructivism (psychological school)
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831: – Knowledge management software
440:Differences from other visualizations
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667:Formalized concept maps are used in
570:adding citations to reliable sources
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951:(Technical report). Pensacola, FL:
454:, but topic maps were developed by
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1219:Example of a concept map from 1957
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814: – Method of cluster analysis
41:An example of a concept map about
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1166:Novak, J.D.; Gowin, D.B. (1984).
1083:Interactive Learning Environments
848:Peter J. Hager, Nancy C. Corbin.
775: – Knowledge assessment tool
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722:Training: concept maps used as
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881:10.1080/23796529.1998.11674524
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384:. Concept maps may be used by
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25:Concept (generic programming)
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1151:(2nd ed.). Routledge.
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315:Problem structuring methods
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434:Unified Modeling Language
290:Entity–relationship model
73:Business decision mapping
1698:Knowledge representation
1638:Knowledge representation
1623:Concept mapping software
462:of data (originally for
829:Personal knowledge base
386:instructional designers
98:Knowledge visualization
32:Proportional symbol map
1688:Educational technology
1024:Novak & Gowin 1984
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456:information management
285:Diagrammatic reasoning
108:Morphological analysis
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1628:Mind mapping software
1170:Learning How to Learn
1147:Novak, J.D. (2009) .
955:. 2006-01 Rev 2008-01
797:Group concept mapping
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517:Learning How to Learn
310:Ontology (philosophy)
209:Layered graph drawing
83:Graphic communication
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1673:Conceptual modelling
1315:View Your Mind (VYM)
1094:Birbili, M. (2006).
1056:Ausubel, D. (1968).
791:Level of measurement
779:Conceptual framework
566:improve this article
430:object-role modeling
224:Organizational chart
219:Object-role modeling
136:Node–link approaches
19:For concept maps in
1450:ConceptDraw MINDMAP
1445:ConceptDraw DIAGRAM
823:Nomological network
755:Lexicon development
118:Schema (psychology)
60:Information mapping
21:generic programming
1109:, 8(2), Fall 2006.
1101:2010-09-14 at the
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852:1997, p. 163.
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497:Cornell University
458:professionals for
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229:Pathfinder network
93:Information design
78:Data visualization
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564:Please help
559:verification
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464:book indices
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320:Semantic Web
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144:Argument map
103:Mental model
88:Infographics
1703:Note-taking
1561:MindMeister
1531:Debategraph
1500:Visual Mind
1470:OmniGraffle
1460:MindManager
1420:Proprietary
959:24 November
694:Note taking
436:formalism.
418:visualizing
370:concept map
325:Treemapping
234:Radial tree
164:Concept map
43:electricity
1667:Categories
1613:Categories
1586:SpicyNodes
1546:Lucidchart
1465:MindMapper
1333:Compendium
1129:1 November
1043:2008-04-06
837:References
742:Enhancing
724:Ausubelian
717:Ausubelian
658:creativity
592:newspapers
513:assimilate
447:Topic maps
204:Issue tree
179:Dendrogram
149:Cladistics
1581:SmartDraw
1495:Tinderbox
1485:SmartDraw
1480:Semantica
1440:CmapTools
1343:Freeplane
1328:Araucaria
1011:433188714
987:CiteSeerX
767:CmapTools
650:CmapTools
475:Mind maps
405:free-form
398:knowledge
390:engineers
254:Topic map
244:Sociogram
199:Issue map
194:Hypertext
1683:Diagrams
1519:Web apps
1490:TheBrain
1392:Overleaf
1388:PGF/TikZ
1365:Web apps
1348:PlantUML
1338:FreeMind
1305:PGF/TikZ
1266:software
1099:Archived
925:27558942
760:See also
680:ontology
426:ontology
382:concepts
272:See also
249:Timeline
214:Mind map
1571:Mindomo
1566:MindMup
1378:ArgĂĽman
1373:Argdown
1290:Argdown
606:scholar
487:History
378:diagram
1556:Mind42
1526:Coggle
1323:-based
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1591:XMind
1576:Prezi
1541:Kialo
1505:XMind
1475:Qiqqa
1124:(PDF)
979:(PDF)
921:JSTOR
613:JSTOR
599:books
524:nodes
376:is a
1651:List
1383:DGRM
1321:Java
1273:FOSS
1199:ISBN
1176:ISBN
1153:ISBN
1131:2020
1007:OCLC
997:ISBN
961:2008
585:news
526:and
305:Olog
1510:yEd
1390:in
1353:VUE
1295:Dia
913:doi
877:doi
568:by
538:Use
432:or
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