33:
178:
518:
205:
members of the joint chiefs of staff of his armed forces. He sat beside the speaker of the assembly and, whilst the entire assembly stood, was sworn in as the
President of the nascent Republic of Colombia, composed of Venezuela and Cundinamarca, the republican name by which New Granada was by then known. After a speech, and the naming of Santander as Vice-President, the text of the Constitution of the new republic was read out.
257:
252:; my existence is a clear and present danger to the sovereignty of the nation. I would wish to be a citizen, a free man, so that all may be free men. I prefer the name of Citizen to that of Liberator, for the latter being born of war, the former is born of law. I beseech thee, Sir, I should give up all my titles, if in exchange I could procure but one: that of The Good Citizen.
361:"ARTICLE 8. The General Congress of Colombia will meet on January 1, 1821 in Villa del Rosario de Cúcuta which is central to the country and will facilitate the reunion. its convocation will be done by the President on January 1, 1820 in accordance with a previously regulated memos that will be formulated by a Special Commission and under the approval of the current Congress.
231:, joining them in the cause of freedom, the public good, and glory. The Constitution of Colombia, together with her independence, will constitute the Holy Altar on which I shall make the necessary sacrifices. For her I will march to the very edge of Colombia to break the chains which bind the sons of Ecuador, and, making them free, invite them to join her.
248:
punish tyrants and boastful nations. That sword serves no purpose when there is peace, and this should be the last time I am permitted to wield it; so I have sworn to myself, because I have promised it to
Colombia, and because there can be no Republic where the people cannot wield power. A man such as myself, is a dangerous thing in a
397:"The President of Congress, Francisco Antonio Zea; Juan Germán Roscio; Manuel Sedeño; Juan Martínez; José España; Luis Tomás Peraza; Antonio M. Briceño; Eusebio Afanador; Francisco Conde; Diego Bautista Urbaneja; Juan Vicente Cardozo; Ignacio Muñoz; Ramón García Cádiz. The Deputy Secretary, Diego de Vallenilla.
204:
At 11 o'clock on the morning of
October 3, 1821 Simón Bolívar entered the debating chamber of the Congress of Cúcuta, located at the time in the sacristy of the parish church of the town of Villa del Rosario de Cúcuta (the old name for the town). He was accompanied by a commission of deputies and the
247:
has kept for me this rank and victory has confirmed me in it. But these are not the titles consecrated by justice, good fortune, and the will of the people. The sword which has governed
Colombia is not the scales of justice, but the whip of misfortune which, sometimes, Heaven lets fall to Earth to
234:
Sir, I hope that you will authorize me to join together, in beneficence, those peoples which nature and Heaven have made our brothers. Once this work, born of our wisdom and my zeal, is done, nothing will remain for us to achieve but peace, so that we may give to
Colombia its rest and its glory.
226:
represents for me an act of conscience, which further places me under the obligation to submit to the laws of my country. Only a profound sense of respect for the will of the people could compel me to submit to the onerous position of
Supreme Magistrate. The gratitude for so doing which I feel
376:
ARTICLE 13. The
Republic of Colombia will be solemnly proclaimed in towns and armies, with parties and public demonstrations, which will be verified in this capital on the 25th day of this present December in celebration of the birthday of the World's saviour, that under his sponsoring we have
235:
Therefore, Sir, I preach you ardently, do not show yourself deaf to the call of my conscience and my honour, which bid me loudly to remain solely a citizen. I feel the necessity of quitting the
Presidency of the Republic, which the people hold as the Master of their Hearts. I am the son of
357:
Simon
Bolivar will be the capital of the Republic of Colombia. Its plan and situation will be determined by the First General Congress under the principle of proportioning it with the necessities of the three departments, and the greatness of these large country is destined by nature.
294:"That these truths, highly penetrated by superior talented men and of an enlightened patriotism, had moved the governments of both republics to convene in a reunion that the vicissitudes of wars decreed and decree the following fundamental Law of the Republic of Colombia:
406:"The President of Congress, Francisco Antonio Zea. The deputy secretary, Diego de Vallenilla. Palace of the Sovereign Congress of Venezuela in Angostura, December 17, 1819 –9th. Print it, Publish it, execute and Authorize with the Seal of the State.
227:
emanates from the representatives of the people, moreover, imposes upon me the pleasant duty, to continue in the service of my country, to defend, with my possessions, my blood and my honour, this
Constitution, which cements the
387:"The present fundamental law of the Republic of Colombia is solemnly proclaimed only in towns and armies, registered in all public registries and saved in every municipal cabildos and corporations, ecclesiastic or secular.
291:"That constituted in separate republics, for more stronger the ties that these have united them, so far from taking advantages of so many advantages, they would hardly consolidate and make respect their sovereignty.
403:"The sovereign Congress decrees that this fundamental law of the Republic of Colombia must be informed to the Executive Supreme Power by means of a delegation for its approval and then published and accomplished.
316:
by this law as a National debt of Colombia to which payment will be attached all goods and properties of the nation, and the most productive branches of the public rent will also be destined to pay these.
320:"ARTICLE 4. The Executive Power of the Republic will be vested on the President and in case of his defect a Vice President and his replacement will be appointed interimly by the acting Congress.
364:"ARTICLE 9. The constitution of the Republic of Colombia will be formulated by its General Congress, which will be presented as a draft project, and its laws will later be tested in execution.
85:'s dream of uniting South America in one single federal state, and of the principles upon which the political institutions of South America would replace those inherited from the 300 years of
288:"That united in a single Republic, the provinces of Venezuela and the New Granada have all proportions and ways to elevate themselves to a higher grade of power and prosperity.
55:
because it covered the territories of the previous viceroyalty of Nueva Granada and Venezuela, which are several nations today) was created. The Congress elected
484:
380:"ARTICLE 14. The anniversary of this political regeneration will be celebrated perpetually with a national feast in which there will be awarded, just like in
373:"ARTICLE 12. A commission of six members and a President will temporarily replace Congress and with special attributions that will be determined by a decree.
506:
367:"ARTICLE 10. The Arms and the Colombian flag will be decreed by the General Congress and will use the Arms and Flag of Venezuela because it is more known.
154:, with the exceptions of southern Colombia and Ecuador, was largely independent from Spain at the time the Congress of Cúcuta began holding sessions.
298:"ARTICLE 1. The Republics of Venezuela and New Granada are from this day on united in a single one under the glorious title of Republic of Colombia.
350:"ARTICLE 6. Each department will have a superior administration and a chief, appointed, for now by this congress, with the title of Vice President.
335:, that will contain the Provinces of New Granada which name will be suppressed from now on. The capitals of these departments will be the cities of
727:
39:: Here the deputies of New Granada (Colombia) and Venezuela met to sign the Constitution of Cúcuta, by means of which Gran Colombia was created.
499:
370:"ARTICLE 11. The current Congress will go on recess on January 15, 1820 due to new elections for the General Congress of Colombia.
612:
514:
130:
were included, despite having no representation at this Congress or the one in Angostura, since they had been part of the old
1027:
606:
566:
443:
86:
492:
1007:
17:
1002:
710:
469:
138:
in 1819 the word "Colombia" was, therefore, used to describe this new country, when it was proposed. The cities of
731:
1012:
618:
278:
1047:
1032:
576:
571:
543:
394:, ten days before the month of December, in the lords' year of eighteen nineteen. Ninth of the Independence.
197:(Gran Colombia), and determined the country's capital and political boundaries. The convention, organized by
897:
799:
907:
814:
676:
624:
433:
60:
428:
261:
36:
1022:
698:
630:
600:
116:
in a nation by the same name. Since Bolívar based the borders of the proposed nation on the principle of
97:
809:
1042:
980:
948:
938:
537:
302:
166:
131:
256:
1037:
301:"ARTICLE 2. Their territory will be the one that the Former General Capitancies of Venezuela and the
953:
448:
67:
751:
857:
892:
650:
842:
794:
735:
974:
923:
852:
274:
162:
135:
400:"Palace of the Sovereign Congress of Venezuela in Angostura, December 17, 1819 –9th .
181:
Commemoration of the Constitution of Cúcuta, which was the result of the Congress of Cúcuta.
837:
48:
877:
8:
933:
779:
739:
692:
412:"For his Excellency the President of the Republic, the minister of Interior and Justice,
958:
832:
745:
688:
682:
423:
158:
150:
were designated regional capitals within the new nation. Most of the territory of this
93:
82:
56:
32:
1017:
872:
784:
928:
465:
268:
177:
774:
594:
391:
198:
882:
867:
804:
704:
323:"ARTICLE 5. The Republic of Colombia will be divided into three great departments,
789:
862:
381:
549:
118:
996:
943:
636:
522:
517:
306:
228:
223:
194:
151:
101:
52:
902:
887:
390:"Given in the sovereign Palace of the Congress of Venezuela in the City of
96:, as well as others who facilitated the revolutionary establishment of the
847:
104:
as Colombia. Since then, Bolívar had proposed the union of what is today
157:
Places that were related to the Congress of Cúcuta, together with the
646:
377:
achieved this wished reunion and in which the state has regenerated.
324:
249:
105:
438:
344:
190:
139:
78:
332:
193:. A constitution had been written which established the law of the
109:
269:
Fundamental law establishing Gran Colombia (Congress of Angostura)
640:
336:
328:
143:
127:
113:
312:"ARTICLE 3. Debts acquired by both republics will be recognized
240:
123:
340:
147:
73:
309:, which in better circumstances will be defined precisely.
244:
172:
51:
where the Republic of Colombia (historiographically called
236:
347:, this last one without the name addition of Santa Fe.
165:due to historic significance, and form part of the
353:"ARTICLE 7. A new city which will be named after
66:The fundamental creation of the Congress was the
994:
27:Constituent assembly that created Gran Colombia
189:took place on August 30, 1821, in the city of
500:
305:covering a total area of 115 thousand square
222:The oath I have just taken in my capacity as
63:president and vice-president, respectively.
728:Bolívar's campaign to liberate New Granada
507:
493:
239:; a man brought to power only by dint of
74:Creation and achievements of the Congress
255:
176:
173:Bolívar's appearance before the Congress
31:
277:, to which authority the people of the
14:
995:
613:Venezuelan Declaration of Independence
607:Colombian Declaration of Independence
488:
462:The Santander Regime in Gran Colombia
384:, the virtuous and the enlightened.
264:in the Colombian Congress Building.
213:
24:
25:
1059:
711:Spanish reconquest of New Granada
567:Military career of Simón Bolívar
516:
478:. Durham: Duke University Press.
260:Mural of the Cúcuta Congress by
619:United Provinces of New Granada
474:Gibson, William Marion (1948).
454:
275:Sovereign Congress of Venezuela
577:Venezuelan War of Independence
572:Ecuadorian War of Independence
544:Captaincy General of Venezuela
13:
1:
476:The Constitutions of Colombia
464:. Westport: Greenwood Press.
185:The culminating event of the
161:(Casa de Santander), are now
1028:Francisco de Paula Santander
815:Francisco de Paula Santander
625:Second Republic of Venezuela
208:
61:Francisco de Paula Santander
7:
631:Third Republic of Venezuela
601:First Republic of Venezuela
417:
281:have voluntarily stood by.
279:Republic of the New Granada
10:
1064:
981:Decree of War to the Death
939:Juan Domingo de Monteverde
898:Luisa Cáceres de Arismendi
800:José Miguel Pey de Andrade
538:Viceroyalty of New Granada
303:Viceroyalty of New Granada
201:and led by Simón Bolívar.
167:Park of the Great Colombia
132:Viceroyalty of New Granada
1008:Independence of Venezuela
967:
916:
823:
765:
720:
669:
660:
585:
559:
530:
429:Historic church of Cúcuta
262:Santiago Martínez Delgado
37:Historic church of Cúcuta
1003:Independence of Colombia
810:Manuel Rodríguez Torices
540:(1717–1723), (1739-1819)
460:Bushnell, David (1970).
392:Santo Tomás de Angostura
949:Daniel Florence O'Leary
908:José Antonio Anzoátegui
893:Juan Bautista Arismendi
651:Republic of New Granada
550:Peninsular War in Spain
1013:Constituent assemblies
954:José Prudencio Padilla
732:Las Queseras del Medio
449:1875 Cúcuta earthquake
265:
254:
182:
81:was the birthplace of
68:Constitution of Cúcuta
40:
1048:Congress of Angostura
1033:1821 in Gran Colombia
858:Antonio José de Sucre
434:Park of Gran Colombia
414:"Diego B. Urbaneja."
259:
224:President of Colombia
217:
180:
136:Congress of Angostura
100:, referred to all of
35:
838:Francisco de Miranda
195:Republic of Colombia
49:constituent assembly
975:Carmañola Americana
934:Juan Manuel Cajigal
780:Benito Salas Vargas
98:Venezuelan Republic
959:Miguel de la Torre
689:Admirable Campaign
683:Magdalena campaign
424:House of Santander
266:
250:popular government
187:Congress of Cúcuta
183:
159:House of Santander
45:Congress of Cúcuta
41:
18:Congress of Cucuta
1043:1821 in Venezuela
990:
989:
929:Louis-Michel Aury
878:Cristóbal Mendoza
843:José Antonio Páez
795:José María Obando
761:
760:
699:Alto de los Godos
444:Villa del Rosario
16:(Redirected from
1055:
1038:1821 in Colombia
924:José Tomás Boves
883:Mariano Montilla
868:Carlos Soublette
853:José Félix Ribas
805:Antonio Ricaurte
667:
666:
521:
520:
509:
502:
495:
486:
485:
214:Bolivar's speech
87:Spanish colonial
21:
1063:
1062:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1053:
1052:
993:
992:
991:
986:
963:
912:
873:Santiago Mariño
863:Rafael Urdaneta
825:
819:
785:Joaquín Camacho
767:
757:
734:, April 1819 –
716:
707:(December 1813)
695:, February 1813
662:
656:
587:
581:
555:
526:
515:
513:
482:
457:
420:
413:
409:"Simón Bolívar
271:
216:
211:
175:
92:Prior to 1819,
76:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1061:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
988:
987:
985:
984:
978:
971:
969:
965:
964:
962:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
920:
918:
914:
913:
911:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
829:
827:
821:
820:
818:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
775:Antonio Nariño
771:
769:
763:
762:
759:
758:
756:
755:
752:Lake Maracaibo
749:
743:
742:, August 1819)
738:, July 1819 –
724:
722:
718:
717:
715:
714:
708:
702:
696:
686:
680:
673:
671:
664:
658:
657:
655:
654:
644:
634:
628:
622:
616:
610:
604:
598:
595:Luz de América
591:
589:
583:
582:
580:
579:
574:
569:
563:
561:
557:
556:
554:
553:
547:
541:
534:
532:
528:
527:
523:Gran Colombian
512:
511:
504:
497:
489:
480:
479:
472:
456:
453:
452:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
419:
416:
296:
295:
292:
289:
284:"Considering:
270:
267:
215:
212:
210:
207:
199:Antonio Nariño
174:
171:
119:uti possidetis
75:
72:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1060:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1023:Simón Bolívar
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
1000:
998:
982:
979:
976:
973:
972:
970:
966:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
944:Pablo Morillo
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
921:
919:
917:Other figures
915:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
833:Simón Bolívar
831:
830:
828:
822:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
790:Liborio Mejía
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
772:
770:
764:
753:
750:
747:
744:
741:
737:
733:
729:
726:
725:
723:
719:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
690:
687:
684:
681:
678:
675:
674:
672:
668:
665:
659:
652:
648:
645:
642:
638:
637:Gran Colombia
635:
632:
629:
626:
623:
620:
617:
614:
611:
608:
605:
602:
599:
596:
593:
592:
590:
584:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
564:
562:
558:
551:
548:
545:
542:
539:
536:
535:
533:
529:
524:
519:
510:
505:
503:
498:
496:
491:
490:
487:
483:
477:
473:
471:
470:0-8371-2981-8
467:
463:
459:
458:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
421:
415:
410:
407:
404:
401:
398:
395:
393:
388:
385:
383:
378:
374:
371:
368:
365:
362:
359:
356:
355:El Libertador
351:
348:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
321:
318:
315:
310:
308:
304:
299:
293:
290:
287:
286:
285:
282:
280:
276:
263:
258:
253:
251:
246:
242:
238:
232:
230:
229:Rights of Man
225:
220:
206:
202:
200:
196:
192:
188:
179:
170:
168:
164:
160:
155:
153:
152:Gran Colombia
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
120:
115:
111:
107:
103:
102:South America
99:
95:
94:Simón Bolívar
90:
88:
84:
83:Simón Bolívar
80:
71:
69:
64:
62:
58:
57:Simón Bolívar
54:
53:Gran Colombia
50:
46:
38:
34:
30:
19:
888:Pedro Camejo
736:Vargas Swamp
525:independence
481:
475:
461:
455:Bibliography
411:
408:
405:
402:
399:
396:
389:
386:
379:
375:
372:
369:
366:
363:
360:
354:
352:
349:
333:Cundinamarca
322:
319:
313:
311:
300:
297:
283:
272:
233:
221:
218:
203:
186:
184:
156:
117:
91:
77:
65:
44:
42:
29:
848:Manuel Piar
754:(July 1823)
748:(June 1821)
701:, May 1813)
685:(1812-1813)
679:(June 1812)
677:La Victoria
639:(1819–31) (
552:(1808–1814)
546:(1777–1821)
997:Categories
903:Luis Brión
824:Venezuelan
730:(1819–20:
531:Background
314:in solidum
766:Colombian
713:(1815–16)
647:Venezuela
633:(1817–19)
627:(1813–14)
621:(1811–16)
603:(1810–12)
586:Political
325:Venezuela
209:Documents
163:protected
134:. At the
106:Venezuela
89:history.
746:Carabobo
661:Military
560:Overview
418:See also
110:Colombia
826:figures
768:figures
721:1819–23
691:(1813:
670:1812–16
663:history
653:, 1831)
641:Ecuador
588:history
382:Olympia
337:Caracas
307:leagues
245:fortune
144:Caracas
128:Ecuador
114:Ecuador
1018:Cúcuta
983:(1813)
977:(1797)
740:Boyacá
705:Araure
693:Cúcuta
643:, 1830
615:(1811)
609:(1810)
597:(1809)
468:
439:Cúcuta
345:Bogotá
241:combat
191:Cúcuta
146:, and
140:Bogotá
124:Panama
79:Cúcuta
47:was a
968:Other
341:Quito
329:Quito
273:"The
219:Sir:
148:Quito
466:ISBN
343:and
331:and
126:and
112:and
59:and
43:The
237:war
999::
339:,
327:,
243:;
169:.
142:,
122:,
108:,
70:.
649:/
508:e
501:t
494:v
20:)
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