648:
805:
36:
566:
902:. Internationally, the idea of consumer organizations spread from Consumers Union in the United States starting in 1956. The growth of interest in product testing journalism might be explained by increased consumption of mass-marketed products in and before that period. That increased international consumption itself was an effect of the
1411:
closest for populations who made decisions about buying cars. The availability of consumer magazines comforted consumers when individuals in society suddenly became overwhelmed with marketplace decisions, and the popularity of magazines seemed to grow as more marketplace decisions became available.
245:
Consumer organizations may attempt to serve consumer interests by relatively direct actions such as creating and/or disseminating market information, and prohibiting specific acts or practices, or by promoting competitive forces in the markets which directly or indirectly affect consumers (such as
1410:
In the 25 years after World War II, there was a correlation between the number of people in a country who were purchasing cars and the popularity of consumer magazines. In some cases, an increase in other consumer purchases seemed to drive popularity of consumer magazines, but the correlation was
670:
consumer organisations (the
Stiftung für Konsumentenschutz (SKS) of German-speaking Switzerland, the Fédération romande des consommateurs (FRC) of French-speaking Switzerland and the Associazione consumatrici e consumatori della Svizzera italiana (ACSI) of Italian-speaking Switzerland).
749:). The Government announced as part of the October 2010 spending review that Consumer Focus will be abolished, with the Consumer Direct helpline taken over by Citizens Advice. Some of Consumer Focus' functions would transfer to
585:
Aside from this general consumer organisation, the
Netherlands is home to many categorical consumer organisations whose working terrain is limited to a certain part of the markets. Examples of categorical organisations include:
227:. The needs for campaigning in this area are less easy to reconcile with their traditional methods, since the scientific, dietary or medical evidence is normally more complex than in other arenas, such as the electric safety of
300:
712:
are intended to, "strengthen the voice of consumers," who are "unlikely to have access individually to the kind of information necessary to judge whether markets are failing for them." Eight have been designated as of 2007:
1098:
534:
1481:
1364:
1068:
1217:
208:
One common means of providing consumers useful information is the independent comparative survey or test of products or services, involving different manufacturers or companies (e.g.,
1276:
600:
Finally, there is a business regulation agency, charged with competition oversight, sector-specific regulation of several sectors, and enforcement of consumer protection laws:
1355:
1306:
686:
1625:
1393:
1157:
593:
The
Vereniging Consument & Geldzaken ("Consumer & Monetary Affairs Association", for financial consumers, of banking and insurance products; 32,000 members)
1518:
1000:
898:
By 1969 most capitalist countries with developed marketplaces hosted consumer organizations that published consumer magazines which reported the results of
1489:
791:- formerly the Consumers Association - a consumer advocacy organisation which has substantial powers (for example to take representative actions under the
1648:
1238:
1148:
2292:
617:
Competition and
Consumer Commission of Singapore (CCCS) is a statutory board to oversight consumer protection and anti-competition malpractices (e.g.
1922:
1326:
971:
242:. Effective work has also been done, however, simply by using the threat of bad publicity to keep companies' focus on the consumers' point of view.
2234:
1384:
1297:
1009:
605:
1059:
758:
768:
320:
1208:
268:
began to establish standards organizations to reduce industry waste and increase productivity. Consumer leagues modeled themselves after
1976:
2024:
869:
701:
680:
100:
2287:
659:
652:
642:
72:
1267:
795:) but which is primarily a lobbying organisation funded entirely by subscriptions to its regular consumer information magazine.
739:(abolished per 31 March 2012 with its functions being passed to local trading standards departments and Citizens Advice Bureau)
53:
2243:
1798:
1464:
338:
79:
17:
2227:
1128:
512:
1622:
1247:
367:
1710:
500:
86:
2062:
1767:
832:
705:
119:
765:
and any necessary secondary legislation. The transfer is expected to begin April 2013 and be complete by April 2014.
1187:
343:
1549:
727:, a free service that provides legal advice, practical help and information on consumer rights across the country.
68:
2466:
2220:
1633:
2277:
1969:
1430:
881:
864:
198:
57:
1645:
2017:
629:
1119:
488:
355:
2388:
372:
2267:
730:
394:
886:
2440:
1917:
1866:
1791:
903:
875:
746:
466:
647:
2139:
2010:
754:
547:
518:
389:
93:
1897:
1445:
294:
255:
46:
1702:
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2335:
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2195:
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822:
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724:
476:
265:
1440:
717:
663:
186:
2323:
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817:
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590:
The
Vereniging Eigen Huis ("Own House Association", for house owners; over 650,000 members)
553:
377:
171:
8:
2430:
2272:
2088:
2078:
1871:
1861:
1856:
1846:
1817:
1420:
697:
522:
232:
235:, in developed countries, have in part been shaped by past lobbying by consumer groups.
2329:
2057:
1907:
1902:
1541:
1335:
773:
461:
261:
424:
Association pour l'information et la défense des consommateurs salariés (Indecosa-CGT)
2378:
2282:
2123:
1912:
1892:
1876:
1763:
1757:
1706:
1545:
1425:
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709:
148:
144:
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1533:
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842:
216:
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2159:
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2033:
1991:
1652:
1629:
980:
951:
899:
837:
827:
809:
736:
578:
570:
323:
The only independent international organization for consumer research and testing
310:
239:
140:
258:
and consumers leagues. Both of these appeared in the United States around 1900.
238:
The aim of consumer organizations may be to establish and to attempt to enforce
2372:
2169:
2154:
2144:
1948:
1435:
859:
742:
183:
1519:"Caveat emptor: The construction of nonprofit consumer watchdog organizations"
1482:"Consumer Protection | Laws | fraud | government regulation | consumer rights"
2460:
2347:
2190:
2103:
2083:
1938:
277:
276:
in the same way that trade unions sought to improve working conditions with
2201:
2174:
804:
618:
406:
Association de défense d'éducation et d'information du consommateur (ADEIC)
269:
179:
152:
2409:
2393:
2262:
2212:
2118:
1986:
1831:
1807:
1178:
1089:
667:
622:
228:
224:
2383:
2149:
1623:"Alliance of Consumer Organisations: United Together for the Consumers"
565:
427:
Confédération nationale des associations familiales catholiques (CNAFC)
167:
1759:
Prosperity for all : consumer activism in an era of globalization
445:
Fédération nationale des associations d'usagers des transports (FNAUT)
2445:
1943:
783:
471:
156:
1574:
720:- a lobbying group concerned with the tradition and quality of beer.
254:
Two precursor organizations to the modern consumer organization are
35:
2353:
2341:
1836:
1537:
273:
194:
190:
175:
136:
2002:
2317:
2257:
1039:
1030:
788:
689:
521:(NCA) is a statutory body that defends consumer interests in the
210:
202:
163:
448:
Union fédérale des consommateurs - Que choisir (UFC-Que
Choisir)
2435:
1776:
685:
430:
Conseil national des associations familiales laïques (CNAFAL)
1579:
Competition and
Consumer Commission Association of Singapore
223:
Another arena where consumer organizations have operated is
1599:
415:
Association Léo-Lagrange de défense du consommateur (ALLDC)
409:
Association Contre les Abus des
Banques Européennes (ACABE)
306:
851:, formerly the Foundation for Taxpayer and Consumer Rights
197:) or they may set themselves up as more general consumer
1724:
1722:
288:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1660:
700:
allows consumer bodies that have been approved by the
1734:
1719:
625:, market sharing and production control) in markets.
283:
1676:
1657:
412:
Association Force ouvrière des consommateurs (AFOC)
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2293:List of industry trade groups in the United States
632:that promotes consumer interests and fair trading.
451:Union nationale des associations familiales (UNAF)
1923:United Nations Guidelines for Consumer Protection
692:is the most influential UK consumers association.
2458:
1701:. Cambridge, Mass.: Ballinger Pub. Co. pp.
1698:Consumer information systems and consumer policy
1694:
1099:Association des Consommateurs / Verbruikersunie
704:to be designated as "super-complainants" to the
606:Netherlands Authority for Consumers and Markets
596:The Woonbond ("League for Living", for renters)
246:transport, electricity, communications, etc.).
1695:Thorelli, Hans B.; Thorelli, Sarah V. (1977).
628:Consumer Association of Singapore (CASE) is a
2228:
2018:
1792:
1465:"Cromarty, CAMRA and crazy cask cancellation"
759:General Consumer Council for Northern Ireland
272:in their attempts to improve the market with
769:General Consumer Council of Northern Ireland
315:Bureau Européen des Unions de Consommateurs
2242:
2235:
2221:
2025:
2011:
1799:
1785:
433:Confédération syndicale des familles (CSF)
1512:
1510:
1508:
1506:
870:Center for Science in the Public Interest
702:Secretary of State for Trade and Industry
681:Consumer protection in the United Kingdom
436:Consommation Logement Cadre de vie (CLCV)
421:Confédération nationale du logement (CNL)
327:
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
2288:List of food industry trade associations
803:
684:
660:Swiss Alliance of Consumer Organisations
653:Swiss Alliance of Consumer Organisations
646:
643:Swiss Alliance of Consumer Organisations
581:(founded in 1953), over 600,000 members.
564:
418:Confédération générale du logement (CGL)
139:groups that seek to protect people from
162:Consumer Organizations may operate via
14:
2459:
1755:
1740:
1728:
1682:
1670:
1503:
2216:
2006:
1780:
1071:(Institute for Consumer Information)
893:
1762:. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
1476:
1474:
1365:Institut National de la Consommation
289:International consumer organizations
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
2032:
1816:the philosophy of and activism for
1636:(page visited on 13 November 2016).
1516:
1069:Statens Institut for Konsumenfragor
24:
2375:(Greater China and Southeast Asia)
501:Consumer Guidance Society of India
339:Consumers' Federation of Australia
303:(Europe; focus on standardization)
189:(CAMRA), which campaigned against
25:
2478:
1604:Consumer Association of Singapore
1526:The American Journal of Sociology
1471:
1218:Verein fur Konsumenteninformation
1129:Australian Consumers' Association
833:Consumer Federation of California
706:Competition and Markets Authority
674:
513:Consumers' Association of Ireland
284:Consumer organizations by country
1248:Consumers' Association of Canada
1188:Union Federale des Consommateurs
799:
368:Consumers' Association of Canada
344:Australian Consumers Association
34:
1806:
1688:
1634:Federal Office of Public Health
45:needs additional citations for
2278:Inter-professional association
1639:
1616:
1592:
1567:
1457:
1431:List of consumer organizations
910:Consumer magazine circulation
882:Public Interest Research Group
865:Consumer Federation of America
733:(formerly known as Watervoice)
636:
560:
13:
1:
1451:
1277:Danske Husmodres Forbrugerrad
1356:50 Millions de Consummateurs
1307:Unione Nazionale Consumatori
1279:(Danish Housewives Council)
611:
482:
332:
7:
1486:www.premiercallcentre.co.uk
1414:
696:In the United Kingdom, the
373:Consumers Council of Canada
349:
231:. The current standards on
10:
2483:
1749:
731:Consumer Council for Water
678:
640:
506:
455:
395:Fiji Consumers Association
249:
2423:
2402:
2363:
2308:
2250:
2183:
2132:
2071:
2040:
1957:
1931:
1918:Collaborative consumption
1885:
1867:Consumer welfare standard
1824:
1814:
1160:(Home Economics Council)
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
917:
914:
904:aftermath of World War II
889:(Consumer Right Advocacy)
876:National Consumers League
747:National Consumer Council
537:(Consumer Council Israel)
528:
467:Deutscher Konsumentenbund
400:
361:
2063:Food safety organization
1756:Hilton, Matthew (2009).
1517:Rao, Hayagreeva (1998).
755:Citizens Advice Scotland
548:Consumers Union of Japan
541:
519:National Consumer Agency
494:
390:Consumer Council of Fiji
2268:Employers' organization
1898:Consumer Bill of Rights
1646:Super-Complaints - BERR
1446:Cost the limit of price
1394:Consumer Voice Pakistan
1158:Statens Husholdningsrad
927:Year publisher founded
751:Citizens Advice Bureaux
535:המועצה הישראלית לצרכנות
439:Familles de France (FF)
383:
295:Consumers International
256:standards organizations
69:"Consumer organization"
27:Type of advocacy groups
2467:Consumer organizations
2300:Cooperative federation
2244:Business organizations
2099:Nondestructive testing
2094:Discrimination testing
2048:Standards organization
1982:Ellen Swallow Richards
1977:Consumers' Association
1965:Consumer organizations
915:Year magazine started
887:CLARIFIED CONSUMER LLC
823:Better Business Bureau
813:
778:automobile repair shop
763:Public Bodies Act 2011
725:Citizens Advice Bureau
693:
655:
573:
328:National organizations
314:
266:professional societies
203:Consumers' Association
143:like unsafe products,
133:Consumer organizations
2415:Consumer organization
2053:Consumer organization
2041:Testing organizations
1441:Transparency (market)
1040:Consumers Association
807:
688:
664:umbrella organisation
650:
568:
442:Familles rurales (FR)
187:Campaign for Real Ale
178:. They may engage in
18:Consumer organisation
1012:(Consumers Council)
818:Alliance for Justice
812:was founded in 1936.
793:Competition Act 1998
554:Japan Offspring Fund
378:Option consommateurs
182:advocacy (e.g., the
54:improve this article
2431:Business networking
2403:Oppositional groups
2273:Chamber of commerce
2089:Destructive testing
2079:Conformance testing
1872:Ethical consumerism
1862:Consumer revolution
1857:Consumer protection
1847:Consumer capitalism
1818:consumer protection
1421:Consumer protection
1001:Forbruker Rapporten
911:
698:Enterprise Act 2002
523:Republic of Ireland
477:Verbraucherzentrale
297:- International NGO
233:mandatory labelling
2058:Trade organization
1908:Consumer education
1903:Consumer complaint
1651:2007-02-05 at the
1628:2016-11-14 at the
1555:on 31 January 2012
1336:Stiftung Warentest
909:
894:Consumer magazines
814:
774:Good Garage Scheme
710:super-complainants
694:
656:
574:
462:Stiftung Warentest
262:Trade associations
2454:
2453:
2441:Company registers
2379:Business alliance
2283:Trade association
2210:
2209:
2124:Usability testing
2000:
1999:
1913:Consumer movement
1893:Consumer activism
1877:Informed consumer
1426:Consumer activism
1408:
1407:
1239:Canadian Consumer
1149:Rad og Resultater
849:Consumer Watchdog
556:(founded in 1984)
550:(founded in 1969)
356:Consumer Watchdog
149:false advertising
145:predatory lending
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
2474:
2365:Business network
2310:Corporate groups
2237:
2230:
2223:
2214:
2213:
2196:Just-About-Right
2165:Software testing
2140:Cannabis testing
2109:Sensory analysis
2027:
2020:
2013:
2004:
2003:
1852:Consumer privacy
1842:Anti-consumerism
1801:
1794:
1787:
1778:
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1773:
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1738:
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1726:
1717:
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1610:
1596:
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1565:
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1560:
1554:
1548:. Archived from
1523:
1514:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1497:
1488:. Archived from
1478:
1469:
1468:
1461:
943:Consumer Reports
912:
908:
872:(food/nutrition)
855:FlyersRights.org
843:Consumer Reports
840:, publishers of
489:Consumer Council
217:Consumer Reports
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62:
38:
30:
21:
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2419:
2398:
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2241:
2211:
2206:
2179:
2160:Package testing
2128:
2114:Survey research
2067:
2036:
2034:Product testing
2031:
2001:
1996:
1992:Esther Peterson
1953:
1932:Fields of study
1927:
1881:
1820:
1810:
1805:
1770:
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1747:
1739:
1735:
1727:
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1653:Wayback Machine
1644:
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1630:Wayback Machine
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1606:
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1581:. 26 April 2023
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981:Consumentenbond
972:Consumentengids
952:Consumers Union
900:product testing
896:
838:Consumers Union
828:Consumer Action
810:Consumers Union
802:
780:motoring scheme
737:Consumer Direct
683:
677:
645:
639:
614:
579:Consumentenbond
571:Consumentenbond
563:
544:
531:
509:
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458:
403:
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352:
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240:consumer rights
141:corporate abuse
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2373:Bamboo network
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2170:Whisky tasting
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2155:Clinical trial
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2145:Coffee cupping
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2133:Product fields
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1949:Home economics
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1538:10.1086/231293
1532:(4): 912–961.
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1436:Actor analysis
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1010:Forbrukerradet
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1939:Consumer math
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1492:on 2016-04-19
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71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
2414:
2336:Conglomerate
2175:Wine tasting
2052:
1964:
1758:
1736:
1697:
1690:
1678:
1641:
1618:
1607:. Retrieved
1603:
1594:
1583:. Retrieved
1578:
1575:"Who We Are"
1569:
1557:. Retrieved
1550:the original
1529:
1525:
1494:. Retrieved
1490:the original
1485:
1459:
1409:
1383:
1354:
1325:
1296:
1266:
1237:
1207:
1177:
1147:
1118:
1088:
1058:
1029:
999:
977:Netherlands
970:
941:
897:
841:
695:
657:
619:price fixing
599:
584:
569:Logo of the
270:trade unions
260:
253:
244:
237:
222:
215:
209:
207:
180:single-issue
161:
153:astroturfing
132:
131:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2410:Trade union
2394:Patent pool
2263:Corporation
2119:Test method
1987:Ralph Nader
1958:Key players
1832:Consumerism
1808:Consumerism
1741:Hilton 2009
1729:Hilton 2009
1683:Hilton 2009
1671:Hilton 2009
1559:12 December
1179:Que Choisir
1090:Test-Achats
1060:Rad och Ron
933:1975 sales
930:1969 sales
637:Switzerland
623:bid rigging
561:Netherlands
229:white goods
225:food safety
205:in the UK.
172:campaigning
2384:Consortium
2150:Crash test
1609:2024-01-04
1585:2024-01-04
1496:2016-04-06
1452:References
1125:Australia
962:2,300,000
959:1,800,000
924:Publisher
745:(formerly
168:litigation
80:newspapers
2446:Syndicate
2332:(Germany)
1944:Euthenics
1546:143250168
1390:Pakistan
1209:Konsument
918:Magazine
784:Postwatch
612:Singapore
483:Hong Kong
472:Foodwatch
333:Australia
309:(Europe;
220:, etc.).
199:watchdogs
157:pollution
110:June 2009
2461:Category
2424:See also
2354:Zaibatsu
2342:Keiretsu
2326:(Russia)
1886:Activism
1837:Consumer
1825:Concepts
1649:Archived
1626:Archived
1415:See also
1375:300,000
1346:250,000
1332:Germany
1314:100,000
1273:Denmark
1214:Austria
1154:Denmark
1139:120,000
1110:240,000
1107:102,235
1095:Belgium
1077:104,718
1050:700,000
1047:600,000
1021:235,000
1018:169,000
991:470,000
988:256,000
921:Country
757:and the
708:. These
350:Botswana
274:boycotts
195:cask ale
193:and for
191:keg beer
176:lobbying
164:protests
137:advocacy
2356:(Japan)
2350:(China)
2344:(Japan)
2330:Concern
2324:Combine
2318:Chaebol
2258:Company
2191:Hedonic
1750:Sources
1361:France
1343:68,000
1285:48,000
1255:43,000
1244:Canada
1226:25,000
1199:30,000
1196:15,000
1184:France
1166:28,100
1136:67,204
1101:(AC/V)
1065:Sweden
1006:Norway
662:is the
507:Ireland
456:Germany
250:History
184:British
94:scholar
2436:Cartel
2202:Likert
2184:Scales
1766:
1709:
1703:327–60
1600:"Home"
1544:
1303:Italy
1220:(VKI)
1190:(UFC)
1120:Choice
1031:Which?
789:Which?
690:Which?
529:Israel
401:France
362:Canada
311:French
211:Which?
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
2251:Types
2198:(JAR)
1553:(PDF)
1542:S2CID
1522:(PDF)
1398:2012
1380:2012
1369:1967
1351:1970
1340:1964
1322:1966
1317:n.a.
1311:1965
1293:1965
1288:n.a.
1282:1947
1268:Taenk
1263:1964
1258:n.a.
1252:1947
1234:1963
1229:n.a.
1223:1960
1204:1961
1193:1951
1174:1961
1169:n.a.
1163:1935
1144:1961
1133:1959
1115:1959
1104:1957
1085:1959
1080:n.a.
1074:1957
1055:1957
1044:1956
1026:1957
1015:1953
996:1953
985:1953
967:1953
956:1936
938:1936
880:U.S.
776:, an
718:CAMRA
668:Swiss
542:Japan
495:India
174:, or
101:JSTOR
87:books
1970:list
1764:ISBN
1707:ISBN
1561:2012
1404:n.a
1327:Test
948:USA
808:The
723:The
658:The
651:The
604:The
577:The
517:The
384:Fiji
321:ICRT
307:BEUC
301:ANEC
264:and
155:and
135:are
73:news
1534:doi
1530:103
1036:UK
630:NGO
56:by
2463::
2348:Xi
1721:^
1705:.
1659:^
1632:,
1602:.
1577:.
1540:.
1528:.
1524:.
1505:^
1484:.
1473:^
1401:0
1372:0
906:.
753:,
621:,
313::
280:.
214:,
170:,
166:,
159:.
151:,
147:,
2236:e
2229:t
2222:v
2026:e
2019:t
2012:v
1800:e
1793:t
1786:v
1772:.
1715:.
1612:.
1588:.
1563:.
1536::
1499:.
1467:.
317:)
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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