54:
4375:
162:
389:
In the general principle of international law, treaties in force are binding upon the parties to it and must be performed in good faith. Countries that have ratified the
Refugee Convention are obliged to protect refugees that are on their territory in accordance with its terms. There are a number of
329:
or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country; or who, not having a nationality and being outside the country of his former habitual residence as a result of such events, is unable
467:
refugees to the country they have fled from (Article 33). It is widely accepted that the prohibition of forcible return is part of customary international law. This means that even states that are not party to the 1951 Refugee
Convention must respect the principle of non-refoulement. Therefore,
1542:
405:
exempt refugees from reciprocity (Article 7): That means that the granting of a right to a refugee should not be subject to the granting of similar treatment by the refugee's country of nationality, because refugees do not enjoy the protection of their home
345:
Several groups have built upon the 1951 Convention to create a more objective definition. While their terms differ from those of the 1951 Convention, the convention has significantly shaped the new, more objective definitions. They include the 1969
1502:
1427:
456:
impose penalties on refugees who entered illegally in search of asylum if they present themselves without delay (Article 31), which is commonly interpreted to mean that their unlawful entry and presence ought not to be prosecuted at
304:
are parties only to the
Protocol. Since the US ratified the Protocol in 1968, it undertook a majority of the obligations spelled out in the original 1951 document (Articles 2-34), and Article 1 as amended in the Protocol, as
225:
The rights created by the
Convention generally still stand today. Some have argued that the complex nature of 21st century refugee relationships calls for a new treaty that recognizes the evolving nature of the nation-state,
1437:
1522:
4086:
1407:
545:(UNHCR) has supervisory responsibilities but cannot enforce the convention, and there is no formal mechanism for individuals to file complaints. The Convention specifies that complaints should be referred to the
3163:
3133:
1392:
1289:
686:
5179:
3148:
2937:
1402:
4609:
222:, which recognizes the right of persons to seek asylum from persecution in other countries. A refugee may enjoy rights and benefits in a state in addition to those provided for in the convention.
334:
With the passage of time and the emergence of new refugee situations, the need was increasingly felt to make the provisions of the 1951 Convention applicable to such new refugees. As a result, a
258:, legal questions, labour conditions, industrial accidents, welfare and relief, education, fiscal regime and exemption from reciprocity, and provided for the creation of committees for refugees.
881:
347:
5289:
5354:
1008:
UNHCR. "LA SITUACIÓN DE LOS REFUGIADOS EN AMÉRICA LATINA: PROTECCION Y SOLUCIONES BAJO EL ENFOQUE PRAGMÁTICO DE LA DECLARACIÓN DE CARTAGENA SOBRE LOS REFUGIADOS DE 1984". 2004 (in
Spanish).
276:
removed the time limits and applied to refugees "without any geographic limitation" but declarations previously made by parties to the convention on geographic scope were grandfathered.
5219:
2633:
3701:
338:
was prepared, and entered into force on 4 October 1967. The UNHCR is called upon to provide international protection to refugees falling within its competence. The
Protocol defined
5249:
3759:
3749:
1251:
613:
2873:
1512:
1452:
1315:
565:
694:
2628:
17:
5269:
5254:
4874:
5299:
247:
5309:
3423:
3004:
2338:
5314:
5229:
5054:
3051:
1901:
325:
As a result of events occurring before 1 January 1951 and owing to well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a
381:
Scholars have started to consider this definition unsuitable for contemporary society, where for example environmental refugees are not captured in the definition.
4225:
2699:
2125:
1321:
889:
4744:
4439:
5394:
5324:
5279:
5214:
1537:
4564:
265:
conference on 28 July 1951, and entered into force on 22 April 1954. It was initially limited to protecting
European refugees from before 1 January 1951 (after
5304:
4220:
2643:
2435:
598:
433:
cooperate with the UNHCR (Article 35) in the exercise of its functions and help the UNHCR to supervise the implementation of the provisions in the convention.
5049:
2638:
1417:
5224:
3368:
1447:
1359:
1338:
1244:
557:
5319:
5029:
5174:
4514:
4066:
3598:
2843:
2201:
716:
342:
to mean any person within the 1951 Convention definition as if the words "As a result of events occurring before 1 January 1951 and ..." were omitted.
4984:
1103:
579:
in the press, and 2) verbal condemnation of the violator by the UN and by other nations. To date, those have not proven to be significant deterrents.
4549:
3731:
3588:
3076:
2786:
2196:
1648:
561:
5274:
5244:
4355:
3112:
2659:
1611:
238:(non-returning of refugees to dangerous countries) (Article 33) are still applied today, with the 1951 Convention being the source of such rights.
5404:
5399:
5349:
5339:
5264:
5209:
4949:
4674:
1482:
1327:
1237:
472:. If this principle is threatened, UNHCR can respond by intervening with relevant authorities and, if it deems necessary, will inform the public.
5364:
5329:
5284:
5239:
4574:
3373:
2989:
2601:
2596:
2331:
1442:
5204:
2818:
2798:
2582:
1162:
542:
5344:
5334:
5234:
5189:
5149:
4494:
4419:
4350:
4081:
4076:
3754:
3153:
3143:
1668:
1596:
31:
5384:
5359:
5259:
4629:
4504:
4096:
3696:
3348:
3009:
1906:
1591:
1412:
335:
273:
69:
1137:
439:
settle disputes they may have with other contracting states at the
International Court of Justice if not otherwise possible (Article 38)
5044:
4994:
4709:
4534:
3907:
3504:
3383:
3138:
3041:
2781:
2613:
1348:
1300:
5409:
4659:
4091:
2324:
1883:
1397:
1343:
650:
204:
and the responsibilities of nations that grant asylum. The convention also sets out which people do not qualify as refugees, such as
5374:
5369:
5294:
5184:
5099:
5024:
4444:
4147:
4132:
3744:
3706:
3363:
3081:
2823:
2375:
2180:
1781:
1775:
5389:
5169:
5134:
4604:
2853:
2591:
2587:
2140:
837:
Treaty Series – Treaties and international agreements registered or filed and recorded with the
Secretariat of the United Nations
148:
5194:
4689:
4649:
4071:
3056:
3024:
2848:
2684:
1835:
1310:
1260:
5419:
5379:
4924:
4242:
3231:
1889:
1641:
1422:
1294:
644:
219:
932:
5199:
5084:
4939:
4889:
4172:
3937:
3652:
3226:
3061:
2018:
409:
be able to take provisional measures against a refugee if needed in the interest of essential national security (Article 9)
412:
respect a refugee's personal status and the rights that come with it, particularly rights related to marriage (Article 12)
4599:
4414:
4197:
3647:
2897:
2724:
2664:
2561:
2255:
1877:
1865:
1859:
1529:
1497:
1009:
436:
provide information on any national legislation they may adopt to ensure the application of the convention (Article 36).
4814:
4724:
4167:
3866:
3529:
2838:
2135:
1606:
1507:
2054:
5114:
5034:
5009:
4754:
4734:
4699:
4694:
4524:
4404:
4111:
3850:
2999:
1333:
1089:
1023:"Unveiling the Canvas Ceiling: A Multidisciplinary Literature Review of Refugee Employment and Workforce Integration"
5074:
4954:
4894:
4644:
4584:
4474:
4424:
4409:
3196:
3086:
2719:
2496:
2347:
2211:
2084:
1871:
1787:
1769:
1694:
1634:
5089:
5079:
5004:
4999:
4864:
4849:
4829:
4824:
4794:
4784:
4684:
4579:
4469:
4258:
4061:
3840:
3662:
3206:
3107:
3102:
2905:
2749:
2425:
2967:
2175:
165:
4899:
4819:
4714:
4459:
4449:
4142:
3927:
3800:
3657:
3546:
3497:
3358:
2921:
2863:
2079:
1569:
1488:
Protocol to the
African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa (Maputo Protocol)
1393:
United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1514 (XV) Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples
1380:
546:
5159:
5139:
5064:
5059:
5019:
5014:
4929:
4739:
4624:
4619:
4569:
4539:
4519:
4509:
3815:
3619:
3408:
3292:
3158:
3014:
2881:
2165:
2110:
1841:
1746:
1547:
351:
468:
states are obligated under the convention and under customary international law to respect the principle of
5164:
5144:
5129:
5104:
4989:
4964:
4959:
4909:
4879:
4869:
4809:
4804:
4774:
4759:
4749:
4669:
4654:
4634:
4614:
4589:
4529:
4499:
4484:
4479:
4464:
4454:
4434:
4429:
4335:
4263:
3954:
3835:
2858:
2791:
2669:
2305:
2150:
2145:
1964:
1829:
1817:
1799:
1793:
1657:
1078:
885:
690:
5154:
5124:
5119:
5109:
5069:
4974:
4969:
4944:
4919:
4914:
4859:
4854:
4834:
4799:
4764:
4719:
4594:
4544:
4489:
4177:
4137:
3795:
3667:
2739:
2293:
2155:
1523:
Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (Istanbul Convention)
5039:
4979:
4904:
4884:
4844:
4789:
4779:
4769:
4729:
4704:
4679:
4639:
4559:
4340:
3902:
3876:
3845:
3428:
3418:
3403:
3297:
3282:
3178:
2734:
2491:
2440:
2420:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2300:
2206:
2130:
2089:
603:
453:
expect refugees to pay taxes and fiscal charges that are different from those of nationals (Article 29)
2316:
269:), but states could make a declaration that the provisions would apply to refugees from other places.
5094:
4934:
4839:
4664:
4554:
4309:
4278:
4101:
3825:
3721:
3642:
3490:
3168:
2761:
2536:
1709:
553:
835:
793:
215:
This convention was enshrined in Article 78 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.
5414:
4182:
4157:
3780:
3470:
3398:
3221:
2771:
2744:
2679:
2531:
2430:
2094:
2069:
1548:
on the Prevention, Punishment, and Eradication of Violence against Women (Belém do Pará Convention)
450:
take exceptional measures against a refugee solely on account of his or her nationality (Article 8)
4288:
3541:
3216:
2623:
2618:
2541:
2526:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2486:
2465:
2450:
2049:
1517:
1305:
1200:
Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and the Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees
608:
569:
326:
209:
4268:
3790:
3464:
2889:
2283:
2170:
2120:
2115:
2028:
1934:
1731:
1726:
1428:
Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families
948:
834:"No. 8791 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees. Done at New York, on 31 January 1967".
768:
752:
4273:
4230:
4152:
4015:
3775:
3582:
2951:
2694:
2689:
2455:
2064:
1980:
1741:
1721:
1354:
753:"The New Refugees and the Old Treaty: Persecutors and Persecuted in the Twenty-First Century"
359:
289:
231:
1895:
3944:
3711:
3343:
3313:
3287:
3277:
3272:
3262:
3019:
2994:
2074:
2003:
1736:
1432:
1284:
3810:
1186:
568:, but no one has ever done so in regard to violations of the convention. Nations may levy
284:
As of 20 January 2020, there were 146 parties to the convention, and 147 to the Protocol.
8:
4283:
3892:
3576:
3252:
2959:
2729:
2566:
2516:
2380:
2278:
1970:
1823:
1805:
1753:
1581:
1229:
1022:
193:
865:
3785:
3593:
3257:
3046:
2828:
2288:
2059:
2023:
1853:
1847:
1601:
1050:
816:
619:
532:
the right to free movement and free choice of residence within the country (Article 26)
250:, of 28 October 1933, which dealt with administrative measures such as the issuance of
3066:
1438:
International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance
1010:
http://www.oas.org/DIL/xxxiv/Documentos/Juan%20Carlos%20Murillo/JCMurillo.DOCUME~1.DOC
4399:
4360:
4187:
4035:
3980:
3739:
3413:
3388:
3267:
3247:
3071:
2914:
2776:
2233:
2160:
1976:
1716:
1699:
1085:
1054:
1042:
820:
764:
655:
1433:
International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid
1208:
4192:
3990:
3524:
3513:
3378:
3353:
3029:
2460:
2445:
2245:
1952:
1946:
1940:
1811:
1704:
1689:
1543:
on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities
1212:
1195:
1034:
808:
430:
provide the possibility of assimilation and naturalization to refugees (Article 34)
306:
227:
1403:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)
1021:
Lee, Eun Su; Szkudlarek, Betina; Nguyen, Duc Cuong; Nardon, Luciara (April 2020).
487:
the respect and protection of artistic rights and industrial property (Article 14)
4235:
4020:
3995:
3985:
3536:
3393:
3318:
2546:
2273:
2223:
2218:
1684:
1487:
1203:
1168:
Handbook and guidelines on procedures and criteria for determining refugee status
936:
928:
639:
629:
593:
469:
464:
367:
251:
235:
201:
53:
4374:
3164:
Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013
1204:
Historic Archives of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law
1166:
4345:
4319:
4162:
4040:
4030:
4010:
3805:
3443:
3433:
3201:
2929:
2556:
1626:
844:
576:
262:
190:
38:
1224:
1221:
Forced Migration – The Evolution of International Refugee Law and Organization
812:
4393:
4025:
3323:
2944:
2008:
1986:
1290:
Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples
1225:
Lecture Series of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law
1191:
1046:
997:
Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees of 31 January 1967 – English text
911:
717:"Consolidated Version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union"
634:
588:
363:
355:
297:
2013:
4379:
4314:
4304:
4215:
4116:
4005:
3871:
3571:
3448:
3211:
2634:
Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) (1996)
2551:
2033:
1161:
984:
972:
266:
1958:
1922:
3975:
3820:
2674:
2608:
2262:
624:
255:
105:
1928:
208:. The convention also provides for some visa-free travel for holders of
4045:
3438:
2346:
1038:
996:
348:
Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa
293:
285:
169:
663:
Refugee, as per the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees
4000:
3970:
3949:
3424:
National Korean American Service & Education Consortium (NAKASEC)
3173:
3128:
2644:
American Competitiveness and Workforce Improvement Act (ACWIA) (1998)
2639:
Nicaraguan Adjustment and Central American Relief Act (NACARA) (1997)
2521:
2470:
514:
the right of association in unions or other associations (Article 15)
375:
362:, while nonbinding, also sets out regional standards for refugees in
301:
205:
1138:"Crikey clarifier: does Australia's refugee policy breach UN rules?"
3482:
3034:
2766:
2756:
2250:
1408:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
390:
provisions to which parties to the Refugee Convention must adhere.
2629:
Immigration and Nationality Technical Corrections Act (INTCA) 1994
5180:
Treaties extended to Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
2268:
2238:
318:
197:
949:"What is a Refugee? Definition and Meaning | USA for UNHCR"
397:
abide by the national laws of the contracting states (Article 2)
234:, and modern warfare. Nevertheless, ideas like the principle of
3716:
2832:
2700:
Ending Discriminatory Bans on Entry to The United States (2021)
614:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
371:
101:
2660:
American Competitiveness in the 21st Century Act (AC21) (2000)
1453:
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
1316:
Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women
566:
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
5290:
Treaties extended to the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland
3932:
3897:
3830:
1272:
5355:
Treaties extended to the French Southern and Antarctic Lands
4610:
Treaties of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (1964–1971)
794:"On the history of the international protection of refugees"
4106:
3611:
575:
At present, the only real consequences of violation are 1)
418:
provide administrative assistance for refugees (Article 25)
248:
Convention relating to the International Status of Refugees
5220:
Treaties extended to the Territory of Papua and New Guinea
1259:
1198:, procedural history note and audiovisual material on the
200:
is and sets out the rights of individuals who are granted
1902:
List of migrant vessel incidents on the Mediterranean Sea
1020:
741:
Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Article 5.
660:
384:
1322:
Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women
1081:
Refugee protection: A Guide to International Refugee Law
218:
The Refugee Convention builds on Article 14 of the 1948
5250:
Treaties extended to the Gambia Colony and Protectorate
415:
provide free access to courts for refugees (Article 16)
599:
Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons
2665:
Legal Immigration Family Equity Act (LIFE Act) (2000)
1418:
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
1334:
Declaration on sexual orientation and gender identity
1217:
International Migration Law – A General Introduction
927:
United Nations High Commission for Refugees. (2012).
330:
or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to return to it.
37:"CRSR" redirects here. For the American company, see
3369:
Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles
1513:
Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
1448:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
1339:
American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man
558:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
427:
allow refugees to transfer their assets (Article 30)
5270:
Treaties extended to the Crown Colony of Seychelles
5255:
Treaties extended to the Gilbert and Ellice Islands
572:against violators, but no nation has ever done so.
499:
labour legislation and social security (Article 24)
5300:Treaties extended to the Bechuanaland Protectorate
3599:International Humanitarian Fact-Finding Commission
2202:European Union response to the 2015 migrant crisis
1567:
424:provide travel documents for refugees (Article 28)
5310:Treaties extended to the British Windward Islands
2197:Migration and asylum policy of the European Union
2126:2015–16 New Year's Eve sexual assaults in Germany
912:"The International Dimension of U.S. Refugee Law"
562:Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
421:provide identity papers for refugees (Article 27)
5315:Treaties extended to the British Leeward Islands
5230:Treaties extended to the British Solomon Islands
5055:Treaties of the Democratic Republic of the Sudan
4391:
4356:United Nations response to the COVID-19 pandemic
3113:United States Border Patrol interior checkpoints
1656:
1612:Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
985:United Nations High Commission for Refugees 2011
973:United Nations High Commission for Refugees 2011
549:. It appears that no nation has ever done this.
523:practice of the liberal professions (Article 19)
4875:Treaties of the People's Republic of Mozambique
1328:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
541:There is no body that monitors compliance. The
246:Prior to the 1951 document, there was agreed a
5395:Treaties extended to Saint Pierre and Miquelon
5325:Treaties extended to the Colony of the Bahamas
5280:Treaties extended to the Sultanate of Zanzibar
5215:Treaties extended to the Nauru Trust Territory
3374:Coalition for Comprehensive Immigration Reform
3052:List of people deported from the United States
1443:Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989
1104:"The Problem with the Prosecution of Refugees"
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1064:
484:freedom to practice their religion (Article 4)
5305:Treaties extended to Swaziland (protectorate)
3498:
2799:Trump administration family separation policy
2332:
2229:Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees
1642:
1587:Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees
1245:
1125:Convention relating to the Status of Refugees
868:States Parties to the Convention and Protocol
552:An individual may lodge a complaint with the
543:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
529:education higher than elementary (Article 22)
179:Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees
47:Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees
18:Convention relating to the Status of Refugees
5050:Treaties of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
4351:Humanitarian Networks and Partnerships Weeks
2849:Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS)
1669:Timeline of the 2015 European migrant crisis
1597:Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness
1483:African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
1101:
882:"Chapter V – Refugees and Stateless Persons"
687:"Chapter V – Refugees and Stateless Persons"
32:Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness
5225:Treaties extended to Surinam (Dutch colony)
4745:Treaties of the Hungarian People's Republic
4440:Treaties of the People's Republic of Angola
3349:California Coalition for Immigration Reform
1907:List of migrant vehicle incidents in Europe
1592:Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees
1413:Convention on the Political Rights of Women
1163:United Nations High Commission for Refugees
1061:
1027:International Journal of Management Reviews
918:, Berkeley Law Scholarship Repository, 1997
750:
511:movable and immovable property (Article 13)
336:Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees
5320:Treaties extended to the Colony of Jamaica
5030:Treaties of the Somali Democratic Republic
4565:Treaties of the People's Republic of China
3908:Yemen Relief and Reconstruction Foundation
3505:
3491:
3384:Federation for American Immigration Reform
2339:
2325:
1649:
1635:
1349:Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action
1301:Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam
1252:
1238:
787:
785:
292:are parties only to the convention, while
5175:Treaties extended to the Falkland Islands
4515:Treaties of the Second Brazilian Republic
3159:Uniting American Families Act (2000–2013)
3154:Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act 2007
3144:Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act 2006
3087:Unaccompanied minors from Central America
2844:U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services
2614:Immigration Reform and Control Act (1986)
1884:2023 Canary Islands migrant boat disaster
1274:Declarations, manifestos, and resolutions
681:
679:
677:
651:United Nations Commission on Human Rights
496:public relief and assistance (Article 23)
447:discriminate against refugees (Article 3)
261:The convention was approved at a special
62: Parties to only the 1951 Convention
4550:Treaties of the Central African Republic
3364:Center for Migration Studies of New York
2507:Immigration Act 1917 (Asian Barred Zone)
2376:Nationality law in the American Colonies
1782:2011 Mediterranean Sea migrant shipwreck
1776:2009 Mediterranean Sea migrant shipwreck
1503:Convention for the Prevention of Torture
503:Refugees shall be treated at least like
476:Refugees shall be treated at least like
312:
5275:Treaties extended to British Somaliland
5245:Treaties extended to the Colony of Fiji
3298:"Faithful Patriot" (2018–present)
2854:Executive Office for Immigration Review
2141:2016 Hungarian migrant quota referendum
782:
149:Secretary-General of the United Nations
14:
5405:Treaties extended to Southern Rhodesia
5400:Treaties extended to Wallis and Futuna
5350:Treaties extended to French Somaliland
5340:Treaties extended to Clipperton Island
5265:Treaties extended to British Mauritius
5210:Treaties extended to the Faroe Islands
4950:Treaties of the Estado Novo (Portugal)
4675:Treaties of the French Fourth Republic
4392:
3314:California DREAM Act (2006–2010)
1836:November 2016 Libya migrant shipwrecks
1311:Declaration of the Rights of the Child
1261:International human rights instruments
1106:. University of Oxford, Faculty of Law
874:
791:
721:Official Journal of the European Union
674:
385:Rights and responsibilities of parties
317:Article 1 of the Convention defines a
5365:Treaties extended to French Polynesia
5330:Treaties extended to Portuguese Macau
5285:Treaties extended to British Honduras
5240:Treaties extended to British Dominica
4575:Treaties of the Republic of the Congo
3486:
2562:Alien Fiancées and Fiancés Act (1946)
2320:
2181:2021–present Belarus–EU border crisis
1959:Operation Poseidon Rapid Intervention
1890:2023 Cape Verde migrant boat disaster
1630:
1566:
1469:
1423:Convention on the Rights of the Child
1378:
1377:
1360:Declaration on the Rights of Peasants
1295:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
1271:
1233:
801:International Review of the Red Cross
645:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
220:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
5205:Treaties extended to the Isle of Man
3938:The State of the Humanitarian System
3512:
3283:"Return to Sender" (2006–2007)
2588:Immigration and Nationality Act 1952
2019:Lampedusa immigrant reception center
757:Chicago Journal of International Law
517:wage-earning employment (Article 17)
5345:Treaties extended to French Comoros
5335:Treaties extended to French Algeria
5235:Treaties extended to British Cyprus
5190:Treaties extended to Norfolk Island
5150:Treaties of the Yemen Arab Republic
4495:Treaties of the Republic of Dahomey
4420:Treaties entered into force in 1954
2969:Department of State v. Muñoz (2024)
2939:DHS v. Regents of the Univ. of Cal.
2824:Immigration and Customs Enforcement
2426:Act to Encourage Immigration (1864)
2256:European Border Surveillance System
1878:2023 Messenia migrant boat disaster
1866:2023 Tunisia migrant boat disasters
1860:2023 Calabria migrant boat disaster
1530:American Convention on Human Rights
1187:Full text of the Convention (UNHCR)
24:
5385:Treaties extended to New Caledonia
5360:Treaties extended to French Guiana
5260:Treaties extended to British Kenya
4630:Treaties of the Dominican Republic
4505:Treaties of Bosnia and Herzegovina
4243:The State of the World's Cash 2020
4168:Central African Republic Civil War
3057:Mexico–United States border crisis
2839:U.S. Customs and Border Protection
2136:Fatal stabbing of Alexandra Mezher
1508:European Convention on Nationality
792:Jaeger, Gilbert (September 2001).
27:United Nations multilateral treaty
25:
5431:
5045:Treaties of Saint Kitts and Nevis
4995:Treaties of Serbia and Montenegro
4985:Treaties of São Tomé and Príncipe
4710:Treaties of the Kingdom of Greece
4535:Treaties of the State of Cambodia
4112:Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
3851:Koyamada International Foundation
3278:"Streamline" (2005–present)
3000:Central American migrant caravans
2547:Bracero Program (1942–1964)
1498:Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)
1180:
493:elementary education (Article 22)
443:The contracting states shall not
187:Geneva Convention of 28 July 1951
5410:Treaties extended to West Berlin
4660:Treaties of the Ethiopian Empire
4373:
3062:Mexico–United States border wall
2537:Filipino Repatriation Act (1935)
2348:Immigration to the United States
2212:European Union Agency for Asylum
1872:2023 Libya migrant boats sinking
1770:May 2007 Malta migrant shipwreck
1470:
536:
160:
52:
5375:Treaties extended to Martinique
5370:Treaties extended to Guadeloupe
5295:Treaties extended to Basutoland
5185:Treaties extended to Montserrat
5100:Treaties of Trinidad and Tobago
5025:Treaties of the Solomon Islands
4445:Treaties of Antigua and Barbuda
4259:Attacks on humanitarian workers
3663:Inter-Agency Standing Committee
2819:Department of Homeland Security
1130:
1118:
1095:
1014:
1002:
990:
978:
966:
941:
921:
751:Schoenholtz, Andrew I. (2015).
5170:Treaties extended to Greenland
5135:Treaties of the United Kingdom
4605:Treaties of the Czech Republic
4274:Health Care In Danger Campaign
4173:Western African Ebola outbreak
3801:International Rescue Committee
3658:Humanitarian-Development Nexus
3547:International humanitarian law
3359:Center for Immigration Studies
3288:"Jump Start" (2006–2008)
3273:"Front Line" (2004–2005)
2923:Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting
2864:Office of Refugee Resettlement
2619:American Homecoming Act (1989)
2080:North Macedonia border barrier
1570:International humanitarian law
1102:Yewa Holiday (24 March 2017).
904:
888:. 22 July 2013. Archived from
859:
827:
744:
735:
709:
693:. 22 July 2013. Archived from
547:International Court of Justice
13:
1:
5195:Treaties extended to Guernsey
4690:Treaties of Georgia (country)
4650:Treaties of Equatorial Guinea
4221:Sexual exploitation and abuse
3620:History of the United Nations
3409:Minuteman Civil Defense Corps
3253:"Peter Pan" (1960–1962)
3015:Eugenics in the United States
2166:Murder of Pamela Mastropietro
2111:Murder of Khaled Idris Bahray
1955:(EU Navfor Med, 2015–present)
1842:2018 Libya migrant shipwrecks
1747:African immigration to Europe
1538:to Prevent and Punish Torture
667:
401:The contracting states shall
352:Organisation of African Unity
212:issued under the convention.
5420:Treaties concluded in Geneva
5390:Treaties extended to Réunion
5380:Treaties extended to Mayotte
4925:Treaties of Papua New Guinea
4336:2015 European migrant crisis
4264:Aid Worker Security Database
4138:Great Indian Famine of 1870s
3955:Global Humanitarian Overview
3077:Illegal immigrant population
2859:Board of Immigration Appeals
2695:Executive Order 13780 (2017)
2690:Executive Order 13769 (2017)
2583:UN Refugee Convention (1951)
2497:Gentlemen's Agreement (1907)
2306:Valletta Summit on Migration
2176:Murder of Desirée Mariottini
2151:2016 Chemnitz terrorism plot
2146:2016 Reutlingen knife attack
2085:Norway–Russia border barrier
1965:Migrant Offshore Aid Station
1830:2016 Egypt migrant shipwreck
1818:Burgenland corpses discovery
1800:2014 Libya migrant shipwreck
1794:2014 Malta migrant shipwreck
1658:2015 European migrant crisis
886:United Nations Treaty Series
691:United Nations Treaty Series
520:self-employment (Article 18)
7:
5200:Treaties extended to Jersey
5085:Treaties of North Macedonia
4940:Treaties of the Philippines
4890:Treaties of the Netherlands
3796:International Medical Corps
3668:Humanitarian Cluster System
3293:"Phalanx" (2010–2016)
3268:"Endgame" (2003–2012)
3139:McCain–Kennedy (2005)
3129:DREAM Act (2001–2010)
3108:Canada–United States border
3103:Mexico–United States border
2670:H-1B Visa Reform Act (2004)
2532:Tydings–McDuffie Act (1934)
2294:Schengen Information System
2156:Murder of Maria Ladenburger
916:15 Berkeley J. Int'l. Law 1
582:
460:expel refugees (Article 32)
230:, population displacement,
10:
5436:
4600:Treaties of Czechoslovakia
4415:Treaties concluded in 1951
4341:Detention Centres in Libya
4226:Core Humanitarian Standard
3903:Network for Refugee Voices
3877:Global Refugee-Led Network
3429:Negative Population Growth
3419:National Immigration Forum
3404:Migration Policy Institute
3179:US Citizenship Act of 2021
2735:Temporary protected status
2517:Emergency Quota Act (1921)
2207:European Asylum Curriculum
2131:Murder of Ashley Ann Olsen
1534:Inter-American Convention
1398:Convention against Torture
1092:, retrieved 19 August 2015
604:Global Compact on Refugees
279:
241:
68: Parties to only the
36:
29:
4815:Treaties of Liechtenstein
4725:Treaties of Guinea-Bissau
4369:
4328:
4310:International development
4297:
4279:Kunduz hospital airstrike
4251:
4206:
4125:
4054:
3963:
3920:
3885:
3859:
3826:Norwegian Refugee Council
3768:
3730:
3689:
3680:
3643:World Humanitarian Summit
3633:
3609:
3562:
3555:
3520:
3457:
3332:
3306:
3240:
3187:
3121:
3095:
2978:
2872:
2807:
2762:Security Advisory Opinion
2712:
2652:
2575:
2479:
2413:
2389:
2368:
2355:
2189:
2103:
2042:
1996:
1915:
1763:Migrant vehicle incidents
1762:
1677:
1664:
1577:
1562:
1478:
1465:
1388:
1373:
1280:
1267:
813:10.1017/S1560775500119285
554:UN Human Rights Committee
307:"supreme Law of the Land"
159:
154:
144:
127:
119:
111:
97:
89:
51:
5115:Treaties of Turkmenistan
5035:Treaties of South Africa
5010:Treaties of Sierra Leone
4755:Treaties of Pahlavi Iran
4735:Treaties of the Holy See
4700:Treaties of East Germany
4695:Treaties of West Germany
4525:Treaties of Burkina Faso
4405:Human rights instruments
4183:South Sudanese Civil War
4158:2011 East Africa drought
3816:Médecins Sans Frontières
3781:Catholic Relief Services
3471:Missing in Brooks County
3399:Mexicans Without Borders
2899:US v. Bhagat Singh Thind
2772:National Origins Formula
2456:Chinese Exclusion (1882)
2431:Civil Rights Act of 1866
2095:Slovenian border barrier
2070:Hungarian border barrier
2055:Bulgarian border barrier
1868:(March & April 2023)
1678:Refugees and immigration
931:. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
871:, retrieved 15 July 2010
210:refugee travel documents
30:Not to be confused with
5075:Treaties of Switzerland
4955:Treaties of South Korea
4895:Treaties of New Zealand
4645:Treaties of El Salvador
4585:Treaties of Ivory Coast
4475:Treaties of the Bahamas
4425:Treaties of Afghanistan
4410:United Nations treaties
4289:Dolo hospital airstrike
4133:Chinese Famine of 1870s
3625:1951 Refugee Convention
3542:Humanitarian principles
2750:Central American Minors
2680:Secure Fence Act (2006)
2542:Nationality Act of 1940
2492:Naturalization Act 1906
2466:Immigration Act of 1891
2451:Immigration Act of 1882
2441:Naturalization Act 1870
2421:Naturalization Law 1802
2397:Naturalization Act 1790
2301:Turkey's migrant crisis
2050:Austrian border barrier
1306:Declaration of Montreal
609:Impediment to expulsion
570:international sanctions
327:particular social group
183:1951 Refugee Convention
166:1951 Refugee Convention
5090:Treaties of East Timor
5080:Treaties of Tajikistan
5005:Treaties of Seychelles
5000:Treaties of Yugoslavia
4865:Treaties of Montenegro
4850:Treaties of Mauritania
4830:Treaties of Madagascar
4825:Treaties of Luxembourg
4795:Treaties of Kyrgyzstan
4785:Treaties of Kazakhstan
4685:Treaties of the Gambia
4580:Treaties of Costa Rica
4470:Treaties of Azerbaijan
4269:World Humanitarian Day
4143:Ethiopian famine 1980s
3921:Analysis and reporting
3791:Danish Refugee Council
3769:International agencies
3465:Borderland (TV series)
3319:Arizona SB 1070 (2010)
2792:Unaccompanied children
2567:Luce–Celler Act (1946)
2357:Relevant colonial era,
2284:Migrants around Calais
2171:2018 Chemnitz protests
2121:2015 Corsican protests
2116:2015 Geldermalsen riot
2090:Poland–Belarus barrier
2029:Migrants around Calais
1935:Operation Mare Nostrum
1732:Immigration to Germany
1727:Immigration to Romania
490:rationing (Article 20)
332:
232:environmental migrants
4900:Treaties of Nicaragua
4820:Treaties of Lithuania
4715:Treaties of Guatemala
4460:Treaties of Australia
4450:Treaties of Argentina
4231:Sphere (organization)
4153:2010 Haiti earthquake
4016:Rachel Kiddell-Monroe
3776:Action Against Hunger
3750:The Federation (IFRC)
3583:A Memory of Solferino
3042:Immigration reduction
2953:Niz-Chavez v. Garland
2557:War Brides Act (1945)
2436:14th Amendment (1868)
2065:Calais border barrier
1742:Immigration to Greece
1722:Immigration to Europe
1355:Yogyakarta Principles
1176:(HCR/1P/4/ENG/REV. 3)
360:Cartagena Declaration
323:
313:Definition of refugee
290:Saint Kitts and Nevis
77: Parties to both
5160:Treaties of Zimbabwe
5140:Treaties of Tanzania
5065:Treaties of Eswatini
5060:Treaties of Suriname
5020:Treaties of Slovenia
5015:Treaties of Slovakia
4930:Treaties of Paraguay
4740:Treaties of Honduras
4625:Treaties of Dominica
4620:Treaties of Djibouti
4570:Treaties of Colombia
4540:Treaties of Cameroon
4520:Treaties of Bulgaria
4510:Treaties of Botswana
3945:The New Humanitarian
3344:Arizona Border Recon
3324:Alabama HB 56 (2011)
3188:Immigration stations
3122:Proposed legislation
3020:Guest worker program
2995:Brooks County, Texas
2907:US v. Brignoni-Ponce
2624:Immigration Act 1990
2527:Immigration Act 1924
2512:Immigration Act 1918
2502:Immigration Act 1907
2487:Immigration Act 1903
2075:Melilla border fence
2004:Basroch refugee camp
1737:Immigration to Italy
1285:Brazilian Resolution
526:housing (Article 21)
181:, also known as the
5165:1951 in Switzerland
5145:Treaties of Uruguay
5130:Treaties of Ukraine
5105:Treaties of Tunisia
4990:Treaties of Senegal
4965:Treaties of Romania
4960:Treaties of Moldova
4910:Treaties of Nigeria
4880:Treaties of Namibia
4870:Treaties of Morocco
4810:Treaties of Liberia
4805:Treaties of Lesotho
4775:Treaties of Jamaica
4760:Treaties of Ireland
4750:Treaties of Iceland
4670:Treaties of Finland
4655:Treaties of Estonia
4635:Treaties of Ecuador
4615:Treaties of Denmark
4590:Treaties of Croatia
4530:Treaties of Burundi
4500:Treaties of Bolivia
4485:Treaties of Belgium
4480:Treaties of Belarus
4465:Treaties of Austria
4455:Treaties of Armenia
4435:Treaties of Algeria
4430:Treaties of Albania
4284:Airstrikes on Yemen
3577:Battle of Solferino
3263:"Gatekeeper" (1994)
3190:and points of entry
3082:Reverse immigration
2961:Sanchez v. Mayorkas
2874:Supreme Court cases
2730:Visa Waiver Program
2725:Permanent residence
2552:Magnuson Act (1943)
2381:Plantation Act 1740
2279:Illegal immigration
1971:Proactiva Open Arms
1916:Maritime operations
1824:Death of Alan Kurdi
1806:Blue Sky M incident
1788:Lampedusa shipwreck
1754:Migration diplomacy
1582:Genocide Convention
1213:Guy S. Goodwin-Gill
1196:Guy S. Goodwin-Gill
935:7 June 2012 at the
847:. 1970. p. 268
697:on 14 November 2012
505:other non-nationals
463:forcibly return or
252:Nansen certificates
196:that defines who a
194:multilateral treaty
48:
5155:Treaties of Zambia
5125:Treaties of Uganda
5120:Treaties of Tuvalu
5110:Treaties of Turkey
5070:Treaties of Sweden
4975:Treaties of Rwanda
4970:Treaties of Russia
4945:Treaties of Poland
4920:Treaties of Panama
4915:Treaties of Norway
4860:Treaties of Monaco
4855:Treaties of Mexico
4835:Treaties of Malawi
4800:Treaties of Latvia
4765:Treaties of Israel
4720:Treaties of Guinea
4595:Treaties of Cyprus
4545:Treaties of Canada
4490:Treaties of Belize
4055:Donors and funding
3760:Protective Emblems
3755:National Societies
3732:Red Cross Movement
3594:Geneva Conventions
3589:Red Cross Movement
3563:1850s, Creation of
3047:Immigration reform
2883:US v. Wong Kim Ark
2829:U.S. Border Patrol
2745:Green Card Lottery
2713:Visas and policies
2675:Real ID Act (2005)
2609:Refugee Act (1980)
2361:international laws
2350:and related topics
2289:Schengen Agreement
2060:Ceuta border fence
2024:Moria refugee camp
1961:(EU, 2015–present)
1949:(EU, 2018–present)
1937:(Italy, 2013–2014)
1923:Operation Poseidon
1896:Mühldorf van crash
1854:Sofia lorry deaths
1848:Essex lorry deaths
1602:Geneva Conventions
1144:. 29 November 2012
1039:10.1111/ijmr.12222
929:Text of Convention
910:Joan Fitzpatrick,
620:Refugee employment
46:
5040:Treaties of Spain
4980:Treaties of Samoa
4905:Treaties of Niger
4885:Treaties of Nauru
4845:Treaties of Malta
4790:Treaties of Kenya
4780:Treaties of Japan
4770:Treaties of Italy
4730:Treaties of Haiti
4705:Treaties of Ghana
4680:Treaties of Gabon
4640:Treaties of Egypt
4560:Treaties of Chile
4387:
4386:
4361:Aid effectiveness
4252:Aid worker safety
4188:Rohingya genocide
4126:Major emergencies
4036:Michael Bloomberg
3981:Christos Christou
3916:
3915:
3841:Save the Children
3811:Médecins du Monde
3740:Seville Agreement
3676:
3675:
3530:in conflict zones
3480:
3479:
3414:Minuteman Project
3389:Improve The Dream
3307:State legislation
3258:"Babylift" (1975)
3232:Washington Avenue
3227:Sullivan's Island
3149:STRIVE Act (2007)
3072:March for America
3025:Human trafficking
2915:Zadvydas v. Davis
2777:Expedited removal
2708:
2707:
2359:United States and
2314:
2313:
2234:Dublin Regulation
2161:2017 Turku attack
1977:Aquarius Dignitus
1717:Sudanese refugees
1710:Assyrian refugees
1624:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1607:Hague Conventions
1558:
1557:
1461:
1460:
1381:International law
1369:
1368:
1192:Introductory note
1174:. United Nations.
843:. Vol. 606.
723:. 26 October 2012
656:World Refugee Day
321:as a person who:
228:economic migrants
175:
174:
83: Non-members
16:(Redirected from
5427:
5095:Treaties of Togo
4935:Treaties of Peru
4840:Treaties of Mali
4665:Treaties of Fiji
4555:Treaties of Chad
4380:World portal
4378:
4377:
4329:Related articles
4198:Yemeni Civil War
4193:Syrian civil war
3991:Martin Griffiths
3687:
3686:
3560:
3559:
3525:Humanitarian aid
3514:Humanitarian aid
3507:
3500:
3493:
3484:
3483:
3379:Community Change
3354:CASA of Maryland
3334:Non-governmental
3248:"Wetback" (1954)
3174:RAISE Act (2017)
3134:H.R. 4437 (2005)
2522:Cable Act (1922)
2471:Geary Act (1892)
2461:Scott Act (1888)
2366:
2365:
2341:
2334:
2327:
2318:
2317:
2246:Economic migrant
2190:Related articles
1989:(NGO, 2016–2017)
1981:SOS Méditerranée
1973:(NGO, 2015–2018)
1967:(NGO, 2014–2017)
1953:Operation Sophia
1947:Operation Themis
1941:Operation Triton
1929:Operation Hermes
1832:(September 2016)
1826:(September 2015)
1812:Ezadeen incident
1802:(September 2014)
1796:(September 2014)
1690:Kurdish refugees
1651:
1644:
1637:
1628:
1627:
1564:
1563:
1467:
1466:
1375:
1374:
1344:Paris Principles
1269:
1268:
1254:
1247:
1240:
1231:
1230:
1175:
1173:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1134:
1128:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1099:
1093:
1076:
1059:
1058:
1018:
1012:
1006:
1000:
999:, Article I § 2.
994:
988:
982:
976:
970:
964:
963:
961:
959:
945:
939:
925:
919:
908:
902:
901:
899:
897:
878:
872:
863:
857:
856:
854:
852:
842:
831:
825:
824:
807:(843): 727–737.
798:
789:
780:
779:
777:
775:
748:
742:
739:
733:
732:
730:
728:
713:
707:
706:
704:
702:
683:
164:
163:
82:
76:
67:
61:
56:
49:
45:
21:
5435:
5434:
5430:
5429:
5428:
5426:
5425:
5424:
5415:Right of asylum
4390:
4389:
4388:
4383:
4372:
4365:
4324:
4293:
4247:
4236:Sphere Handbook
4208:
4202:
4121:
4050:
4021:MacKenzie Scott
3996:Jemilah Mahmood
3986:Winnie Byanyima
3959:
3912:
3881:
3855:
3764:
3726:
3682:
3672:
3636:reform attempts
3635:
3629:
3605:
3564:
3551:
3537:Humanitarianism
3516:
3511:
3481:
3476:
3453:
3394:Mexica Movement
3337:
3335:
3328:
3302:
3236:
3189:
3183:
3169:SAFE Act (2015)
3117:
3091:
3030:Human smuggling
3005:Economic impact
2983:
2981:
2974:
2868:
2812:
2810:
2803:
2704:
2648:
2576:1950–1999
2571:
2480:1900–1949
2475:
2446:Page Act (1875)
2409:
2385:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2351:
2345:
2315:
2310:
2274:Fortress Europe
2224:Chain migration
2219:Asylum shopping
2185:
2099:
2043:Border barriers
2038:
1992:
1983:, 2015–present)
1943:(EU, 2014–2018)
1931:(EU, 2011–2013)
1925:(EU, 2006–2015)
1911:
1862:(February 2023)
1856:(February 2023)
1838:(November 2016)
1808:(December 2014)
1758:
1700:Libyan refugees
1695:Syrian refugees
1685:Afghan refugees
1673:
1660:
1655:
1625:
1616:
1573:
1554:
1474:
1457:
1384:
1365:
1276:
1263:
1258:
1183:
1171:
1158:
1157:
1147:
1145:
1136:
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937:Wayback Machine
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892:on 1 April 2012
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736:
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724:
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700:
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685:
684:
675:
670:
640:Travel document
630:Right of asylum
594:Asylum shopping
585:
560:or with the UN
539:
507:in relation to
480:in relation to
470:non-refoulement
393:Refugees shall
387:
358:) and the 1984
315:
300:of America and
282:
244:
236:non-refoulement
161:
140:
134:Convention: 146
85:
84:
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74:
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65:
63:
59:
42:
35:
28:
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15:
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4346:Crisis mapping
4343:
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4326:
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4320:Neocolonialism
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4307:
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4298:Related fields
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4204:
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4185:
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4163:Typhoon Haiyan
4160:
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4129:
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4123:
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4041:Warren Buffett
4038:
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4031:Jamshedji Tata
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4011:James Orbinski
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
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3983:
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3964:Notable people
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3848:
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3836:Guardian Girls
3833:
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3813:
3808:
3806:Islamic Relief
3803:
3798:
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3444:Save Our State
3441:
3436:
3434:No More Deaths
3431:
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3105:
3099:
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3090:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3067:Labor shortage
3064:
3059:
3054:
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3039:
3038:
3037:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2986:
2984:
2980:Related issues
2979:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2972:
2965:
2957:
2949:
2935:
2931:Barton v. Barr
2927:
2919:
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2647:
2646:
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2636:
2631:
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2621:
2616:
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2606:
2605:
2604:
2602:Section 287(g)
2599:
2597:Section 212(f)
2585:
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2158:
2153:
2148:
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2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2107:
2105:
2104:Related events
2101:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2046:
2044:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2000:
1998:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1984:
1974:
1968:
1962:
1956:
1950:
1944:
1938:
1932:
1926:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1898:(October 2023)
1893:
1887:
1881:
1875:
1869:
1863:
1857:
1851:
1850:(October 2019)
1845:
1844:(January 2018)
1839:
1833:
1827:
1821:
1815:
1814:(January 2015)
1809:
1803:
1797:
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1790:(October 2013)
1785:
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1751:
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1705:Iraqi refugees
1702:
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1518:Social Charter
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1189:
1182:
1181:External links
1179:
1178:
1177:
1156:
1155:
1129:
1117:
1094:
1060:
1033:(2): 193–216.
1013:
1001:
989:
977:
965:
953:unrefugees.org
940:
920:
903:
873:
858:
845:United Nations
826:
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671:
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577:public shaming
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39:Corsair Gaming
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3648:Grand Bargain
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3202:Castle Garden
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2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2009:Calais Jungle
2007:
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1997:Migrant camps
1995:
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1987:Jugend Rettet
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1142:crikey.com.au
1139:
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1127:, Article 38.
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1090:92-9142-101-4
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635:Statelessness
633:
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615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
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589:Asylum seeker
587:
586:
580:
578:
573:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
550:
548:
544:
537:Noncompliance
531:
528:
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522:
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516:
513:
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357:
356:African Union
353:
349:
343:
341:
337:
331:
328:
322:
320:
310:
308:
303:
299:
298:United States
295:
291:
287:
277:
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268:
264:
259:
257:
253:
249:
239:
237:
233:
229:
223:
221:
216:
213:
211:
207:
206:war criminals
203:
199:
195:
192:
188:
184:
180:
171:
167:
158:
153:
150:
147:
143:
137:Protocol: 147
136:
133:
132:
130:
126:
122:
118:
115:22 April 1954
114:
110:
107:
103:
100:
96:
92:
88:
71:
70:1967 Protocol
55:
50:
44:
40:
33:
19:
4371:
4315:Peacekeeping
4305:Human Rights
4216:CHS Alliance
4209:power, abuse
4148:2004 tsunami
4117:Yield Giving
4006:Peter Maurer
3867:NEAR Network
3846:World Vision
3681:Humanitarian
3653:Localisation
3634:21st-century
3624:
3581:
3572:Henry Dunant
3469:
3449:Utah Compact
3212:Ellis Island
3197:Angel Island
2968:
2960:
2952:
2943:
2942: /
2938:
2930:
2922:
2913:
2906:
2898:
2890:
2882:
2653:21st century
2590: /
2414:19th century
2403: /
2399: /
2390:18th century
2369:Colonial era
2261:
2228:
2034:Hotspot camp
1874:(April 2023)
1784:(April 2011)
1778:(March 2009)
1586:
1568:
1472:Regional law
1471:
1379:
1273:
1220:
1216:
1199:
1167:
1146:. Retrieved
1141:
1132:
1124:
1120:
1108:. Retrieved
1097:
1080:
1030:
1026:
1016:
1004:
992:
980:
968:
956:. Retrieved
952:
943:
923:
915:
906:
894:. Retrieved
890:the original
876:
867:
861:
849:. Retrieved
836:
829:
804:
800:
772:. Retrieved
760:
756:
746:
737:
725:. Retrieved
720:
711:
699:. Retrieved
695:the original
647:(Article 14)
574:
551:
540:
504:
502:
477:
475:
442:
400:
392:
388:
380:
354:(since 2002
344:
339:
333:
324:
316:
283:
271:
267:World War II
260:
245:
224:
217:
214:
186:
182:
178:
176:
93:28 July 1951
43:
3976:Jan Egeland
3860:Consortiums
3821:Mercy Corps
3690:UN agencies
3207:East Boston
2891:Ozawa v. US
2720:Visa policy
2685:DACA (2012)
2263:Fire at Sea
1892:(July 2023)
1886:(June 2023)
1880:(June 2023)
625:Refugee law
256:refoulement
120:Signatories
106:Switzerland
4394:Categories
4207:Standards,
4046:Bill Gates
3439:NumbersUSA
3241:Operations
3222:San Ysidro
2982:and events
2809:Government
2014:La Linière
1772:(May 2007)
1148:23 October
958:23 October
851:19 October
668:References
564:under the
556:under the
370:Americas,
294:Cape Verde
286:Madagascar
170:Wikisource
145:Depositary
4087:ECHO (EU)
4077:FCDO (UK)
4001:Hugo Slim
3971:Degan Ali
3950:ReliefWeb
3217:Otay Mesa
3096:Geography
2782:Detention
2258:(Eurosur)
1494:European
1215:entitled
1165:(2011) .
1055:216204168
1047:1460-8545
821:145129127
478:nationals
376:Caribbean
302:Venezuela
272:The 1967
155:Full text
112:Effective
4400:Refugees
4178:Iraq War
3035:Coyotaje
2767:E-Verify
2757:US-VISIT
2251:Edlumino
1362:(UNDROP)
1330:(UNDRIP)
1209:Lectures
1084:, 2001,
987:§ E(14).
933:Archived
583:See also
465:"refoul"
374:and the
274:Protocol
98:Location
3556:History
3010:Effects
2269:Frontex
2239:Eurodac
1324:(DEVAW)
1318:(DEDAW)
1223:in the
1202:in the
1079:UNHCR:
975:§ C(8).
896:22 July
866:UNHCR:
769:2617336
701:22 July
616:(OHCHR)
368:Central
350:by the
340:refugee
319:refugee
280:Parties
242:History
198:refugee
185:or the
128:Parties
4102:France
4097:Turkey
4092:Canada
4082:Norway
3717:UNICEF
2963:(2021)
2955:(2021)
2948:(2020)
2933:(2020)
2925:(2011)
2918:(2001)
2909:(1975)
2901:(1923)
2893:(1922)
2885:(1898)
2833:BORTAC
2787:Family
2740:Asylum
1351:(VDPA)
1297:(UDHR)
1110:1 July
1088:
1053:
1045:
819:
774:6 June
767:
727:6 June
406:state.
372:Mexico
296:, the
202:asylum
102:Geneva
90:Signed
81:
75:
66:
60:
4072:Japan
4067:USAID
3933:ALNAP
3898:Adeso
3831:Oxfam
3697:UNHCR
3610:Post
1979:(NGO
1172:(PDF)
1051:S2CID
841:(PDF)
817:S2CID
797:(PDF)
763:(1).
364:South
189:is a
4107:OECD
4062:CERF
3893:BRAC
3872:CALP
3786:CARE
3745:ICRC
3702:OCHA
3612:WWII
2592:1965
2405:1798
2401:1795
1219:and
1150:2022
1112:2018
1086:ISBN
1043:ISSN
960:2022
898:2013
853:2013
776:2023
765:SSRN
729:2023
703:2013
366:and
288:and
177:The
3928:ODI
3722:WHO
3712:WFP
3707:IOM
1211:by
1194:by
1035:doi
809:doi
661:XXB
457:all
168:at
123:145
4396::
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1031:22
1029:.
1025:.
951:.
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884:.
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799:.
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761:16
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