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326:, to be named after a person associated with the Jewish Military Union. It listed Apfelbaum as one of the potential candidates, whom was eventually chosen by the city, due to his, alleged at the time, status of the leader of the organisation. In 2012, the name if the square was modified to Mieczysław Dawid Apfelbaum Square (
204:. It contributed to its spread in historical sources, where he was credited as a historical figure and creator of the Jewish Military Union. However, there are no sources that would prove that Apfelbaum was ever a member of Polish military prior to the war, nor that he ever lived in
180:
instead. In various statements, they also described
Apfelbaum's death due to wounds he would have suffered during a skirmish at Muranowska Street on 28 April 1943, in the first days of the uprising. Apfelbaum was also described to use pseudonyms
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157:. Their statements had been found to differ in details, to have changed over the years, making claims not attested to anywhere else, leading some historians to doubt the existence of Apfelbaum.
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528:"Uchwała nr LXXXVI/2819/2023 Rady Miasta Stołecznego Warszawy z dnia 31 sierpnia 2023 r. w sprawie zmiany nazwy obiektu miejskiego w Dzielnicy Wola m.st. Warszawy"
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149:. Apfelbaum was also later mentioned in stories told by Tadeusz Bednarczyk, Władysław Zajdler, and Kałmen Mendelson. All of them claimed to have fought in the
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insurgents fighting in the Warsaw Ghetto
Uprising in 1943. However, later, in the late 1950s, and early 1960s, he began being shown as a
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Paweł Frenkel, commander of the Jewish
Military Union; Dawid Apfelbaum, squad commander of the Jewish Military Union stationed near the
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voted unilaterally to change the name, which came in effect in
September 2023, with the new name being the Rokhl Auerbakh Square (
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The existence of Dawid Moryc
Apfelbaum, sometimes also called Mieczysław Dawid Apfelbaum, was first attested in 1948 by
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467:"'Moryca Apfelbauma w getcie stworzył hochsztapler'. Co począć ze skwerem imienia osoby, która nie istniała?"
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448:"Warszawa ma skwer imienia żydowskiego bohatera, który nigdy nie istniał. Apfelbauma wymyślił polski oszust"
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during the uprising. In contrast, currently it is believed that said accomplishments should be credited to
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294:, situated between Smocza Street, Pawia Street, and Dzielna Street, located within the district of
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384:. Warsaw Warszawa: Polish Center for Holocaust Research, 2011. ISBN 978-83-932202-8-1. (in Polish)
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In 1962 Iwański told a story about
Apfelbaum to journalist Chai Lazar, who then published it in
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manufactured after the war. The name of the square was originally proposed by the Warsaw-based
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According to the first statement given by Iwański in 1948, Apfelbaum was one of the
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prior to the conflict. His existence was disproven by historians in the 2010s.
110:. It is claimed that he died on 28 April 1943. Some allege he also served as a
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345:, argumenting that Apfelbaum was fictional. In June 2023, the members of the
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415:. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Neriton, 2003, p. 164. ISBN 83-88973-59-2. (in Polish)
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begun collecting signatures on a petition to rename the square in honour of
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Wysokie odznaczenia państwowe za udział w walce i za pomoc walczącemu gettu
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Bohaterowie, hosztaplerzy, opisywacze. Wokół Żydowskiego Związku
Wojskowego
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Bohaterowie, hosztaplerzy, opisywacze. Wokół Żydowskiego Związku
Wojskowego
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402:, issue no. 92/1963 (5850), p. 1. Gdańsk, 19 April 1963. (in Polish)
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Heroes, grifters, describers. Around the Jewish
Military Union
208:. In 1963, Apfelbaum was awarded posthumously the Third-Class
503:"Już nie skwer Apfelbauma - zmieni się nazwa wolskiego placu"
1143:
Perpetrators, participants, organizations, and collaborators
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Recipients of the Order of the Cross of
Grunwald, 3rd class
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district. The inscription, translated to English, reads: "
2700:
International Youth Meeting Center in Oświęcim/Auschwitz
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426:"Trakt Pamięci Męczeństwa i Walki Żydów w Warszawie"
322:, which proposed naming the square located near the
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and Dawid Apfelbaum on one of the sculptures of the
259:In 1997, Apfelbaum was commemorated together with
445:
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2062:Resistance, victims, documentation and technical
464:
285:; Killed in action in the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
265:Memorial Route of Jewish Martyrdom and Struggle
245:Memorial Route of Jewish Martyrdom and Struggle
219:and Laurence Weinbaum published a book titled
172:, as well as the creator and commander of the
121:Apfelbaum was first attested in statements by
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2733:Rescue of Jews by Poles during the Holocaust
703:Camps, ghettos, execution sites and attacks
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59:Learn how and when to remove this message
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70:
2658:Extraordinary (Soviet) State Commission
491:, p. A3, 14 September 2022. (in Polish)
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2641:Polish, East German, and Soviet trials
2001:Lithuanian Auxiliary Police Battalions
446:Radosław Korzycki (12 February 2018).
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501:Aleksandra Żochowska (24 July 2023).
441:
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380:Dariusz Libionka, Laurence Weinbaum:
267:installation located in the city of
15:
2778:Fictional Polish military personnel
2562:Aftermath, trials and commemoration
573:Holocaust in German-occupied Poland
332:skwer Mieczysława Dawida Apfelbauma
13:
2723:Polish Righteous Among the Nations
494:
436:
247:, located at the Dubois Street in
153:in 1943, and to be members of the
31:tone or style may not reflect the
14:
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2763:Nonexistent people used in hoaxes
2405:Special Prosecution Book – Poland
485:Nie chcą nazwy fikcyjnego bojowca
465:Jarosław Osowski (2 April 2023).
230:
87:Square. Photography made in 2012.
2582:Population transfers (1944–1946)
1631:Ferdinand von Sammern-Frankenegg
41:guide to writing better articles
20:
2685:Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum
2597:Anti-Jewish violence, 1944–1946
2783:Fictional military lieutenants
2013:Schutzmannschaft Battalion 118
1989:36th Estonian Police Battalion
520:
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210:Order of the Cross of Grunwald
125:, and later also mentioned by
1:
2680:Monument to the Ghetto Heroes
2510:Human medical experimentation
360:
239:The inscription dedicated to
534:(in Polish). 31 August 2023.
308:Skwer Mieczysława Apfelbauma
7:
2715:Righteous Among the Nations
2602:Ministry of Public Security
1981:Belarusian Auxiliary Police
591:Related articles by country
413:Warszawska rzeźba pomnikowa
339:Jewish Historical Institute
320:Jewish Historical Institute
10:
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2627:Frankfurt Auschwitz trials
2009:Ukrainian Auxiliary Police
411:Irena Grzesiuk-Olszewska:
140:
96:Mieczysław Dawid Apfelbaum
94:, sometimes also known as
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1993:Latvian Auxiliary Police
1726:Karl Eberhard Schöngarth
1228:Friedrich-Wilhelm Krüger
532:edziennik.mazowieckie.pl
102:that fought in the 1943
2823:Controversies in Poland
2738:Garden of the Righteous
2490:Identification in camps
2483:Technical and logistics
1929:Order Police battalions
2151:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
1616:Heinrich Klaustermeyer
355:skwer Racheli Auerbach
331:
307:
256:
151:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
104:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
88:
2773:Fictional Polish Jews
2690:Majdanek State Museum
1823:Karl-Friedrich Höcker
727:Auschwitz II-Birkenau
312:Jewish Military Union
238:
174:Jewish Military Union
100:Jewish Military Union
92:Dawid Moryc Apfelbaum
74:
2818:Naming controversies
2788:Fictional guerrillas
2167:Mordechai Anielewicz
1878:Elisabeth Volkenrath
1763:Jenny-Wanda Barkmann
1399:Arthur Liebehenschel
1324:Hermine Braunsteiner
1268:Arthur Seyss-Inquart
507:informatorstolicy.pl
471:warszawa.wyborcza.pl
324:Pawiak Prison Museum
290:On 24 March 2004, a
215:In 2011, historians
2808:2020s controversies
2803:2010s controversies
2798:2000s controversies
2705:March of the Living
2577:Holocaust survivors
2441:Vrba–Wetzler report
2217:Alexander Pechersky
2177:Mordechai Tenenbaum
1626:Alexander Palfinger
1449:Johann Schwarzhuber
1009:Międzyrzec Podlaski
988:Lviv pogroms (1941)
889:Sonderaktion Krakau
347:Warsaw City Council
170:Polish Armed Forces
116:Polish Armed Forces
2620:West German trials
2415:Wannsee Conference
2202:Itzhak Katzenelson
1954:General Government
1439:Franz Reichleitner
1369:Fritz Hartjenstein
1359:Maximilian Grabner
1278:Bruno Streckenbach
1090:Grossaktion Warsaw
743:Operation Reinhard
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1334:Theodor van Eupen
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127:Władysław Zajdler
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35:used on Knowledge
33:encyclopedic tone
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2424:Witness accounts
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2126:Ghetto uprisings
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1409:Heinrich Matthes
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1258:Heinz Reinefarth
1208:Heinrich Himmler
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108:Second World War
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1901:
1896:
1890:
1888:
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1875:
1873:Alice Orlowski
1870:
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1840:
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1795:
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1788:John Demjanjuk
1785:
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1686:Gerhard Flesch
1683:
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1668:
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1647:Einsatzgruppen
1642:
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1633:
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1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
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1589:Ghetto command
1586:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1570:Horst Schumann
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
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1470:
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1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1429:Johann Niemann
1426:
1421:
1416:
1414:Hermann Michel
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1389:Karl-Otto Koch
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
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1329:Irmfried Eberl
1326:
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1299:
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1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
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1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1218:Fritz Katzmann
1215:
1210:
1205:
1203:Arthur Greiser
1200:
1198:Richard Glücks
1195:
1190:
1185:
1183:Ludwig Fischer
1180:
1175:
1173:Adolf Eichmann
1170:
1165:
1159:
1157:
1150:
1146:
1145:
1140:
1139:
1132:
1125:
1117:
1110:
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894:
892:
891:
886:
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876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
840:
838:
837:Mass shootings
834:
833:
830:
829:
827:
826:
824:Danzig-Matzkau
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
789:Kraków-Płaszów
786:
781:
775:
773:
767:
766:
764:
763:
762:
761:
756:
751:
739:
734:
729:
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592:
589:
584:
580:
577:
576:
569:
568:
561:
554:
546:
538:
537:
519:
493:
489:Rzeczpospolita
476:
457:
435:
417:
404:
386:
365:
364:
362:
359:
343:Rokhl Auerbakh
283:Muranów Square
261:Paweł Frenkiel
241:Paweł Frenkiel
232:
231:Commemorations
229:
178:Paweł Frenkiel
147:Henryk Iwański
142:
139:
85:Rokhl Auerbakh
67:
66:
28:
26:
19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2835:
2824:
2821:
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2799:
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2625:
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2622:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2609:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2592:Kielce pogrom
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
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2411:
2410:Stroop Report
2408:
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2351:
2350:Documentation
2347:
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2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2182:Marek Edelman
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
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2168:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2158:
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2096:
2093:
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2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
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2076:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2068:Organizations
2066:
2057:
2052:
2050:
2045:
2043:
2038:
2037:
2034:
2030:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1969:Collaboration
1966:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1912:Organizations
1910:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1885:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1858:Eduard Lorenz
1856:
1854:
1853:Anton Lechner
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1838:Josef Kollmer
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1808:Kurt Gerstein
1806:
1804:
1803:Hans Hoffmann
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1773:Juana Bormann
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1746:
1742:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1711:Erich Naumann
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1666:Lothar Beutel
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1648:
1643:
1637:
1636:Jürgen Stroop
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1606:Josef Blösche
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1581:
1580:Eduard Wirths
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1565:Josef Mengele
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1555:Horst Fischer
1553:
1551:
1550:Karl Gebhardt
1548:
1546:
1545:Carl Clauberg
1543:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1517:Ludwig Plagge
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1507:Herbert Lange
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1487:Kurt Bolender
1485:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1471:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1459:Gustav Wagner
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1384:Franz Hössler
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1349:Karl Fritzsch
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1319:Wilhelm Boger
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1300:
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1286:
1284:
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1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1238:Erwin Lambert
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1223:Wilhelm Koppe
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1213:Hermann Höfle
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1178:Theodor Eicke
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
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1154:
1151:
1147:
1138:
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1025:
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902:
900:
896:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
879:Aktion Krakau
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
849:Bloody Sunday
847:
845:
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841:
839:
835:
825:
822:
820:
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815:
812:
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802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
776:
774:
772:
771:Concentration
768:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
746:
745:
744:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
724:
722:
720:
719:Extermination
716:
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661:
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623:
621:
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616:
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611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
590:
588:
587:The Holocaust
585:
582:
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567:
562:
560:
555:
553:
548:
547:
544:
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529:
523:
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397:
396:
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383:
377:
375:
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371:
366:
358:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
337:In 2022, the
335:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
292:garden square
288:
286:
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270:
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163:
158:
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138:
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132:
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119:
117:
113:
109:
106:, during the
105:
101:
97:
93:
86:
82:
78:
73:
63:
60:
52:
42:
36:
34:
27:
18:
17:
2451:
2375:Höcker Album
2358:Nazi sources
2246:Victim lists
2212:Miles Lerman
2019:Trawniki men
1959:Hotel Polski
1868:Detlef Nebbe
1833:Oswald Kaduk
1828:Karl Jeschke
1706:Bruno Müller
1696:Felix Landau
1681:Ernst Damzog
1676:Karl Brunner
1645:
1621:Franz Konrad
1522:Adolf Theuer
1475:executioners
1454:Franz Stangl
1424:Robert Mulka
1394:Josef Kramer
1344:Karl Frenzel
1314:Richard Baer
1309:Hans Aumeier
1302:Camp command
1288:Otto Wächter
1168:Josef Bühler
1163:Viktor Brack
1149:Perpetrators
741:
583:Main article
531:
522:
511:. Retrieved
506:
496:
488:
484:
479:
473:(in Polish).
470:
460:
454:(in Polish).
452:oko.press.pl
451:
432:(in Polish).
430:sztel.org.pl
429:
420:
412:
407:
399:
393:
389:
381:
354:
336:
289:
280:
258:
224:
220:
214:
199:
194:
190:
186:
182:
159:
144:
120:
95:
91:
90:
55:
46:
30:
2768:1948 hoaxes
2495:Gas chamber
2463:Concealment
2454:photographs
2301:Gross-Rosen
2270:Lviv (Lwów)
2232:Roza Robota
2136:Częstochowa
1768:Herta Bothe
1758:Hans Anhalt
1751:Camp guards
1691:Ludwig Hahn
1671:Paul Blobel
1611:Franz Bürkl
1601:Hans Biebow
1560:Fritz Klein
1497:Josef Klehr
1482:Erich Bauer
1473:Gas chamber
1419:Karl Möckel
1404:Maria Mandl
1379:Rudolf Höss
1364:Otto Hantke
1253:Oswald Pohl
1243:Ernst Lerch
1054:Stanisławów
964:Częstochowa
854:Bronna Góra
784:Gross-Rosen
779:Auschwitz I
509:(in Polish)
2757:Categories
1818:Irma Grese
1813:Paul Götze
1783:Luise Danz
1532:Physicians
1339:Kurt Franz
1188:Hans Frank
1156:Organizers
1100:Heidelager
513:2023-07-24
361:References
166:lieutenant
112:lieutenant
2672:Memorials
2569:Aftermath
2336:Treblinka
2291:Auschwitz
2146:Treblinka
2131:Białystok
2119:Uprisings
1899:Treblinka
1744:Personnel
1512:Otto Moll
1502:Hans Koch
1354:Amon Göth
1085:Action T4
1049:Sosnowiec
1019:Nowy Sącz
954:Białystok
921:Szczuczyn
869:Erntefest
859:Bydgoszcz
844:Białystok
759:Treblinka
635:Lithuania
275:, in the
189:(meaning
183:Jabłoński
155:Home Army
135:Home Army
2515:Zyklon B
2331:Trawniki
2326:Stutthof
2311:Majdanek
1059:Tarnopol
999:Lubartów
911:Jedwabne
814:Trawniki
804:Stutthof
794:Potulice
737:Majdanek
655:Slovakia
277:Downtown
49:May 2024
2500:Gas van
2316:Sobibór
2253:Ghettos
2160:Leaders
2141:Sobibor
1894:Sobibor
1887:By camp
1034:Siedlce
941:Ghettos
926:Tykocin
898:Pogroms
884:Palmiry
809:Szebnie
754:Sobibor
732:Chełmno
660:Ukraine
645:Romania
625:Germany
615:Estonia
610:Denmark
605:Croatia
600:Belgium
595:Belarus
193:), and
168:of the
141:History
114:of the
2612:Trials
2587:Bricha
2321:Soldau
2306:Izbica
2296:Bełżec
2275:Warsaw
2260:Kraków
2100:Żegota
1069:Warsaw
1044:Słonim
1039:Sambor
1014:Mizocz
1004:Lublin
979:Kraków
974:Kielce
969:Grodno
949:Będzin
931:Wąsosz
907:(1946)
905:Kielce
819:Warsaw
799:Soldau
749:Belzec
650:Russia
640:Norway
630:Latvia
620:France
487:. In:
398:. In:
351:Polish
328:Polish
304:Polish
300:Warsaw
273:Poland
269:Warsaw
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