Death by sawing - Knowledge

522:

for his chief carpenter and asked if his saws were capable of sawing a man in two. The carpenter answered "Sure enough". He was then given the grisly task, and before he left, he asked him whether Melec should be sawn across or along the length. The emperor said the sawing should proceed lengthwise, from the head downwards. He told Boachasra's sons they should follow the carpenter and decide for themselves how best to take revenge upon the murderer (i.e., Melec) of their father. Taking with him eight of the public executioner's assistants, the master carpenter went to the prison where Melec was held, two of his brand new saws packed in cloth, in order to keep from Melec information of the intended manner of execution. Melec was now placed on a mule, bound with an iron chain, and led to the public square, where some 4000 of his relatives and members of his tribe were assembled. These made a "terrifying" spectacle through screaming, and clawing their faces in a public display of grief. Melec, on the other hand, seemed unperturbed, calmly smoking from his tobacco pipe. When taken down from the mule, Melec's clothes were removed and damning letters "proving" his treason were cast into the fire.

216:, whose work "Attic Nights" is partially preserved, states that death by the saw was mentioned for some offenses in the tables, but that the use of which was so infrequent that no one could remember ever having seen it done. Of the retained laws in the Twelve Tables, the following concerning how creditors should proceed with debtors is found in Table 3, article 6: "On the third market-day they shall cut pieces. If they shall have cut more or less , it shall be with impunity." The translator notes the ambiguity of the original text, but says that later Roman writers understood this to mean that creditors were allowed to cut their shares from the body of the debtor. If true, that would constitute dismemberment, rather than sawing. 675:, decided to free their liege lord as well as Baldwin II. Dressed as monks and pedlars, they gained entry in the town where the two nobles were held captive, and managed, through massacre, to take control of the castle. Joscelin slipped out in order to raise a force, while Baldwin II and his nephew Galeran remained behind to hold the castle. Apprised of the capture of the castle, Balac sent quickly a force to recapture it, and Baldwin II saw no possibility of holding it. Graciously, Balac took Baldwin and his nephew merely prisoners. Not so merciful was he towards the Armenians: Several of them were flayed, others buried up to the neck and used as target practice, the rest were sawn apart. 319: 530:, they pulled out the saw in order to commence from the other side. Melec is said to have been still conscious, asking for some water. His friends, though, thought it best to hasten his demise and shorten his sufferings, and the executioners went on, sawing him from skull to navel so he fell apart. In the process, chunks of flesh were ripped out by the saw's teeth, causing blood to splatter everywhere, thus making the execution quite unbearable to watch. 71:, the person is explicitly described as being hanged upside-down and sawn apart vertically through the middle, starting at the groin, with no mention of fastenings or support boards around the person, in the manner depicted in illustrations. In other cases where details about the method beyond the mere sawing act are explicitly supplied, the condemned person was apparently fastened to either one or two boards prior to sawing. 939: 1238:

under the gifted instruction of the priests, succeeded in representing every sight that is terrible to the eye or revolting to the senses. In the recess at Mongha beforementioned, a few of these choice subjects were displayed with an edifying effect. The presumed existence of a place of torment brings a revenue into the coffers of the priest, who is assumed to have the power of appeasing the wrath of the judges.

22: 556:, and one of the crimes imputed to him was to have spent time in Christian kingdoms without his emperor's leave. Furthermore, he had been found guilty of defiling himself with Christian women, and often drunk alcohol. In short, he was charged as an apostate and unbeliever, in addition to being charged with having invited the "Spaniards" to invade 637:, eventually leading to Haitian independence. In the process, some 4,000 white planters and their family members were massacred. One of the victims was a carpenter by trade, Robert. The rebels decided he "should die in the way of his occupation" and accordingly fastened him between two boards and sawed him apart. 525:

Then, he was strapped onto a board, and placed upon a saw-bench, his arms and legs fastened. The executioner's team then sought to start by sawing him from the head downwards, but Boucasra's sons intervened, and demanded that one began between Melec's legs instead, because otherwise, he would die too

3126:

Sylvula Politico-Historica Lustwäldlin Allerhand Politischer Gnomen und Historien: Auß vielen Glaubwürdigen Scribenten meistes Auß dem Latein- vnnd Frantzösischen Inns Deütsche transferiret, Vnd Summarisch ohn allen ornat also verfasset Daß es in Täglicher Conversation Discoursen vnd Gesprächen Fug-

1237:

At a Buddhist temple in Canton, at certain seasons of the year, the court is set round with pictures, which pourtray in a fearful manner the sufferings of the dead. Some are sawn asunder; some are gored with pitchforks; some are thrown into a cauldron of boiling water; others are burnt. The artists,

560:(i.e., treason). They brought him to one of the gates in the city, fastened him between two boards, and sawed him in two, from the skull downwards. After his death, Mulay Ishmael pardoned him, so that his body could be picked up and given a decent burial at least, instead of being eaten by the dogs. 739:

They no sooner found themselves masters of it, than they began to exercise On the inhabitants the most unremitting barbarities, destroying them by every method of ingenious cruelty. Some they roasted alive on spits, others they starved, some they flayed alive, and left them in that horrid manner to

521:

Melec was judged as the chief rebel to be punished in a rebellion instigated by one of the Sultan's sons, Mulay Muhammad. In particular, according to Busnot, the Sultaness was incensed that Melec had personally beheaded one of her cousins, Ali Bouchasra. In September/October 1705, Mulay Ismail sent

3163:

Lempriere's universal biography:containing a critical and historical account of the lives, characters, and labours of eminent persons, in all ages and countries. Together with selections of foreign biography from Watkin's dictionary, recently published, and about eight hundred original articles of

1035:

The movement of a saw may cause a body to sway back and forth making the process difficult for the executioners. The Chinese overcame this problem by securing the victim in an upright position between two boards firmly fixed between stakes driven deep into the ground. Two executioners, one at each

612:

wrote: "Bossu's books contain a lot of tall tales, so one needs to be cautious about relying on him." Bossu claims that being "sawed asunder" was a traditional Swiss military punishment, and alleges that one Swiss mutineer actually committed suicide to avoid that punishment. Therefore, the one who

1119:

In the Spanish rebellion of 1808 against the occupying French forces, reports exist that some French officers were sawn in two. In one of those reports, it is colonel Rene (or Frene) who met this fate. In another report, Rene was merely thrown into a kettle of boiling water, whereas the officers

844:

in 1469/1470, and the governor Paolo Erizzo, is said to treacherously to have been ordered sawn in two, after have being promised his life would be spared. The sultan, Mehmed the Conqueror, is said to have cut off the head of Erizzo's daughter by his own hands, because she would not yield to his

865:, he was brought before the sultan who asked him what harm had been done to him that he performed such an evil deed? The young man answered that he simply wanted to harm the enemy of Christianity in some glorious way. The sultan is said to have ordered that Anthony should be sawn in two. 785:

In the following years, inhabitants in Greece under the Venetians fought several battles in the Morea. In 1464, for example, a small city is said to have been subdued, and 500 prisoners sent to Constantinople. There, they were put to the saw, according to one account.

1020:

I have to announce to you the death of two Tonquinese, who here shed their blood for the faith on the 12th of June, 1839. They were beheaded near the port of Cua-thuan-an, the principal port of Hue. Their bodies were first cut into five pieces and then cast into the

141:. Stateira's sister Roxana was the first of her siblings to be killed, by being sawn in half. When Darius II died, Parysatis moved quickly, and was able to have the new queen Stateira poisoned; Parysatis still remained a power to be reckoned with for years after. 1255:

Sunday) in hamlets and towns, well into the 19th century. The custom consisted of the boys running about to find the "oldest woman in the village", and then make a wooden effigy in her likeness. Then, the wooden figure was sawn across the middle. The folklorist

1072:

had one of the previous regime's strongest supporters, Chen, said to be viceroy of Canton, sawn in two. Growing more popular in his martyrdom, the new regime condemned Chen's execution, declared he was a holy man and erected a Canton pagoda in his memory.

280:(they had been promised they would be "shown favour" by Valens), he was captured. In 366, he was fastened to two trees bent down with force; when the trees were released, Procopius was ripped apart in the manner of the legendary execution of the bandit 978:

Several reports state that even in the 1820s, sawing criminals in two was an occasional punishment in Burma for "certain offences". The criminals were fastened between two planks prior to the sawing. This may have been conflated by reports of

195:, Ziselmius sawed several people to death and commanded their families to eat the flesh of their murdered relatives. The Thracians eventually rebelled, captured him and sought to inflict every conceivable torture upon him prior to his death. 3209:

Allgemeines Mythologisches Lexicon: Aus Original-Quellen bearbeitet. Welche die nicht altklassischen Mythologien, nämlich die heiligen Mythen und Fabeln, so wie die religiösen Ideen und Gebräuche der Sinesen, Japaner ... enthält, volume

486:, and abused his position to gain hold of wealth. He is even credited with having sawn people in two. Yates further supplies the detail: "This fellow has since been assassinated-report says, with sanction and approval of the Government" 1411:(2001): "Perhaps the prospect of getting to the spoils explains Thucydides VII, 29: 'For the Thracian race, like all the most bloodthirsty barbarians, are always particularly bloodthirsty when everything is going their own way", p.1 617:, Canada) shows that at that time, when two Frenchmen and a Swiss were executed, Swiss mercenary troops had been placed under French military law, rather than under Swiss. Furthermore, detailing the recorded executions in the Swiss 2754:

Geschichte der Halbinsel Morea während des Mittelalters: Bd. Morea, durch innere Kriege zwischen Franken und Byzantin verwüstet und von albanesischen Colonisten überschwemmt, wird endlich von den Türken erobert. Von 1250-1500 nach

133:; she instigated and became involved in a number of court intrigues, made several enemies, yet had an uncanny knack for dispatching them at an opportune time. At one point, she decided to have the siblings of her daughter-in-law 1016:, Augustin Huy, is reported by some sources to have been sawn in two. Others report that he was hacked to death, or cut in two. But, a letter from 1839, just three weeks after the execution 12 June, states that he was beheaded: 970:, along with several other prominent Sikhs, including their Guru, because the Guru was resisting the forceful conversion of Kashmiri Pandits into Islam. Bhai Mati Das was sawn in half, the others in different manners. 172:, was declared king. Hormizd was forced to watch his wife and one of his sons sawn in two, and the deposed king was then blinded. After a few days, the new king is said to have killed his father in a fit of rage. 1012:

summoned five hundred soldiers to a banquet to pressure them into trampling upon a cross in renunciation of Christianity. Most of the guests complied, but three Catholic soldiers refused. One of the

1036:

end of the saw, would saw downwards through the stabilized boards and enclosed victim. Whether sawing as an execution method actually existed, or that cases referred to are garbled accounts of the "

930:, for example, states that he was shot in the back. Yet others state that he was strangled. Some 19th century stories report that he was sawn in two. Finally, one source asserts he was beheaded. 589:. The last, a Swiss from the Karrer regiment, was nailed into a coffin-shaped wooden box which was sawn in two with a cross-cut saw. This claim was first made by the French captain and traveller 3687:

A journey to Mequinez, the residence of the present emperor of Fez and Morocco: On the occasion of Commodore Stewart's embassy thither for the redemption of the british captives in the year 1721

3228:

The history of the Turkish, or Ottoman Empire: from its foundation in 1300, to the peace of Belgrade in 1740. To which is prefixed An historical discourse on Mahomet and his successors, Volum 1

3516:

Ausführliches Heiligen-Lexicon: Darinn Das gottseelige Leben und der Tugend-Wandel, das standhaffte Leyden und Sterben, und die grossen Wunderwercke aller Heiligen Gottes... Beschrieben werden

1793:" Whatever the rights and wrongs of a particular case might be, the Swiss were not to be treated as an independent unit and their officers must be subordinate to the French commandant", at 3444:

Vollständiges Heiligen-Lexikon, oder Lebensgeschichten aller Heiligen, Seligen aller Orte und aller Jahrhunderte, deren Andenken in der katholischen Kirche gefeiert oder sonst geehrt Wird

740:

perish; many were sawn asunder, and others torn to pieces by horses. Three days and nights was the city given to spoil, in which time the soldiers were licensed to commit every enormity

3336:

An Universal History, from the Earliest Account of Time to the Present; Compiled from Original Authors and Illustrated with Maps, Cuts, Notes, Chronological and Other Tables, Volum 5

3318:

An Universal History, from the Earliest Account of Time to the Present; Compiled from Original Authors and Illustrated with Maps, Cuts, Notes, Chronological and Other Tables, Volum 2

3300:

An Universal History, from the Earliest Account of Time to the Present; Compiled from Original Authors and Illustrated with Maps, Cuts, Notes, Chronological and Other Tables, Volum 6

260:, 240,000. Dio adds that many of the victims were sawn asunder, and that the Jews licked up the blood of the slain, and "twisted the entrails like a girdle about their bodies". 2980:

Geschichte der katholischen Missionen seit Jesus Christus bis auf die neueste Zeit: Für die Mitglieder der katholischen Missions-Vereine und alle Freunde der Missionen, Volum 3

1233:, and the priests knew how to make a visible spectacle of sufferings in the beyond, by commissioning artists to make paintings the populace were meant to see and reflect upon: 1169:

was a bitter struggle where atrocities were committed against others of different ethnicities and of different religious persuasions. A decidedly partisan pamphlet from 1850,

4159: 3061:

Annals of the propagation of the faith: a periodical collection of letters from the bishops and missionaries employed in the missions of the old and new word, volume 1

537:

alive, and another report states that in addition to these, some other 20 chief conspirators had their arms and legs sawn off, and left to expire in the marketplace.

236:

rather than lengthwise down the body. It is said that Caligula would watch such executions while he ate, stating that witnessing the suffering acted as an appetiser.

911:, at Constantinople. The other principal conspirators were said to be punished in various ways, some were burnt alive, others impaled, and yet others sawn asunder. 3426:

Das alte und neue Morgenland oder Erläuterungen der heiligen Schrift aus der natürlichen Beschaffenheit, den Sagen, Sitten und Gebräuchen des Morgenlandes, Volum 5

1260:

regards this as an odd spring ritual, in which the "old year"/winter is symbolically defeated. He also notes that a rather similar custom existed in his day among

992:

is said to have had one of his high-ranking officers sawn in two, due to some act of disobedience, the person being fastened between two planks for that purpose.

806:

from the Turks. They eventually surrendered, under promise of having their lives spared. Instead, according to some reports, they were sawn asunder. According to

110:. After 300 years of blessed reign, Jamshid forgot the blessings came from God, and began demanding that he be revered as a god himself. The people rebelled, and 1144:

had not exactly endeared itself to the local population. The peasant population is said to have become embittered, fanaticized, and even developed an effective

3145:

The Chinese as they are: their moral, social, and literary character. A new analysis of the language; with succinct views of their principal arts and sciences

1152:" lurked about, and both groups of Russians could be a deadly enemy to solitary French soldiers. Some of those unfortunates are said to have been sawn apart. 2718:

A compleat history of the canon and writers of the books of the Old and New Testament: by way of dissertation with useful remarks on that subject, Volume 1

1005:

On occasion, a confusion of reports may exist where, for example, performed post-mortem indignities are misinterpreted as the actual manner of execution:

703:, travelling the region around 1157 notes that the Assassins were reputed to saw in two the kings of other peoples, if they managed to capture them. 2818:

Book of Martyrs: A Universal History of Christian Martyrdom from the Birth of Our Blessed Saviour to the Latest Periods of Persecution, Volumes 1-2

922:(1760–1798) was an early Greek patriot, whose struggle for independence of Greece preceded with about 30 years the general uprising known as the 4092: 2546: 3893: 3833: 248:

occurred 115–117 AD, and was a rebellion by the Jews within the Roman Empire. Major revolts happened several places, and the main source by

3816: 2773:

Algemeine Historie von Spanien: Mit den Zusätzen der französischen Uebersetzung nebst der Fortsetzung bis auf gegenwärtige Zeit, Volume 10

3770: 2076: 1189:, committed heinous deeds against the Hungarians. Women, children and old men were mutilated, roasted over slow fires, some sawn apart. 927: 3097:

1901 Reprint: Der canton Zürich, historisch-geographisch-statistisch geschildert von den ältesten zeiten bis auf die gegenwart Volume 2

330:

Several early Christians are credited with being martyred by means of a saw. The earliest, and most famous, is the obscure apostle of

2673:

Römisches Martyrologium, wie es von dem Papste Gregor dem Dreyzehnten eingerichtet, und von Benedikt dem Vierzehnten verbessert wurde

621:

through the 15th-18th century, Gerold Meyer von Knonau records 1445 executions in total, none of them being through death by sawing.

398:

with a large stone fastened to her. The six eldest sons were all killed by stab wounds, and the youngest, Eugenius, was sawn apart.

305:. One tradition states that he was put within a tree, and then sawn apart; another says he was sawn apart by means of a wooden saw. 168:

from AD 579 to 590. He was deeply resented by the nobility due to his cruelties. In 590, a palace coup was staged in which his son,

4164: 1095:, the descendants of Muslims and those who still were, in secret, adherents of Islam, felt increasingly persecuted. In 1568, the 3007:

Geschichte Napoleons von der Wiege bis zum Grabe: Für alle Völker deutschen Sinnes und deutscher Zunge in Wort und Bild, Volum 2

814:

had actually promised to spare the heads of some 400 knights, and sawed them in half to keep his oath of not harming the heads.

613:

was allegedly sawn in half had his punishment as governed by Swiss military law, rather than French. An incident from 1741 (in

421: 368:). When caught, he and his son were tortured by starvation and fire, and were finally put to the saw, praying while they died. 4139: 4169: 3079:

An account of the American Baptist mission to the Burman empire: in a series of letters, addressed to a gentleman in London

526:

quickly. Under the terrible screams of Melec and his relatives, thus began his execution. Once they had sawn him up to the

1471: 1467: 1797: 342:, and that the express mode by which he was executed was to be hanged up by the feet, as in the woodcut illustration. 3569: 3542: 3490: 3190: 2943: 2916: 2799: 2599: 2458: 1724: 3182:"A Map within an Indian Painting?" in Cartographic Encounters: Perspectives on Native American Mapmaking and Map Use 1740: 3809: 3780: 183:

were regarded as warlike, ferocious, and bloodthirsty by Romans and Greeks. One of the most notorious was the king

134: 436:

Accused of practising witchcraft and causing the sickness of the wife of the ardently anti-Christian Persian king

4144: 3354:

Das Christenthum in Tonkin und Cochinchina, dem heutigen Annamreiche: von seiner Einführung bis auf die Gegenwart

394:(117–138). Refusing a command to pray at a heathen temple, Symphorosa was scourged, and then thrown in the river 777:

was seized by the Turks, and since he was regarded as a traitor and spy, he was sawn in half at Constantinople.

1211:

is the god of death. He determines the punishments to those who were wicked in life. Those guilty of robbing a

3390:

The new tablet of memory; or, Recorder of remarkable events, alphabetically arranged, from the earliest period

4087: 1096: 3282:

History of the war in the Peninsula and in the south of France: from the year 1807 to the year 1814, Volum 1

3264:

History of the war in the Peninsula and in the south of France: from the year 1807 to the year 1814, Volum 1

630: 1166: 482:(r.1801–1849), Abd-ur-Rahman Bey, who was said to be particularly cruel and avaricious. He was a renegade 4014: 3802: 1182: 878: 656: 60:, it is stated that the sawing was lengthwise, both from the groin upwards and from the skull downwards ( 1108: 757:

in 1460 switched allegiance to the Turks and gave them entry to Mystras, a tale grew up that the actual

4195: 4154: 1247:

In Italy and Spain, a curious tradition of "segare la vecchia" ("sawing the old woman") was upheld on

3851: 923: 907:. Dionysius was flayed alive, and his skin, stuffed with straw, was sent as a present to the sultan, 900: 378: 3764: 2070: 1049: 574: 510:(r. 1672–1727). The fullest description of this execution is found in Dominique Busnot's 1714 work 2997:

Armies of the Macedonian and Punic Wars 359 BC to 146 BC: Organisation, Tactics, Dress and Weapons

2854:

Christ-Catholische Hauß-Postill Oder Auslegung Deren Sonn- und Feyertäglichen Evangelien, Volume 2

2257: 1009: 853:

In 1473, a Sicilian called Anthony, is said to have managed set fire to the sultan's ships at the

765:

was ordered sawn in two. This tale was "well known" in later centuries, whatever actual veracity.

3957: 2389: 903:

led an eventually unsuccessful revolt against the Ottomans, seeking to establish a power base at

660: 598: 323: 138: 3863: 2628: 1455: 1424: 1091:

In the aftermath of the destruction of the last Islamic kingdom in Spain, Granada in 1492, the

823: 750: 732: 137:

killed, and only relented from killing Stateira as well due to the desperate pleas of her son,

44:

Different methods of death by sawing have been recorded. In cases related to the Roman Emperor

2434: 2419: 2374: 2359: 2284: 2242: 2227: 2219: 2204: 2197: 2171: 2125: 2095: 2038: 2023: 2006: 1975: 1960: 1945: 1930: 1888: 1858: 1782: 1767: 1752: 1701: 1686: 1632: 1617: 1531: 1516: 1501: 1351: 1336: 1318: 3984: 3972: 3846: 3043:

Annalen der Verbreitung des Glaubens: Monatsschr. D. Vereins der Glaubensverbreitung, Volum 8

2344: 2329: 2314: 2299: 2156: 2140: 2110: 2053: 1994: 1903: 1873: 1843: 1714: 1671: 1640: 1591: 1576: 1546: 1486: 1440: 1137: 942:

An artistic rendering of the execution of Bhai Mati Das by the Mughals. This image is from a

754: 479: 466:

and Egypt that monks were killed. One of them, Brother Conrad d'Elis Barthelemy, a native of

2404: 1915: 284:. The "favour" Valens showed to Agilonius and Gomoarius was to have them both sawn asunder. 4112: 3952: 3705:

The Modern History and Condition of Egypt, Its Climate, Diseases, and Capabilities, Volum 2

716: 8: 3989: 3977: 3906: 3744: 3728: 2612:

Travels in Greece, Palestine, Egypt, and Barbary during the years 1806 and 1807, Volume 2

2182: 1814: 1651: 1602: 841: 795: 269: 774: 618: 360:, Conus went with his 7-year-old son into a desert. He destroyed several pagan idols in 276:. He was defeated in battle, and due to the treachery of his two generals Agilonius and 232:'s reign, when the condemned, including members of his own family, were sawn across the 4149: 4061: 3917: 3825: 3479: 3462:

A History of the most distinguished martyrs: in various ages and countries of the world

2575:

Das Leben des Blutdürstigen Tyrannen Muley-Ismael, jetztregierenden Kaysers von Marocco

2540: 1186: 1013: 889: 885: 854: 837: 700: 684: 590: 3565: 3538: 3486: 3186: 2939: 2912: 2795: 2634: 2595: 2454: 1720: 1230: 1217: 1145: 1061: 963: 874: 507: 408: 302: 281: 130: 699:, and were feared and loathed by Muslims and Christians alike. The Jewish traveller 4190: 3942: 3937: 3927: 3858: 609: 514:, although a brief notice of the event can be found in the January 1706 edition of 335: 318: 192: 153: 68: 49: 33: 4124: 3703: 3685: 3667: 3640: 3622: 3604: 3586: 3559: 3532: 3514: 3460: 3442: 3424: 3406: 3388: 3370: 3352: 3334: 3316: 3298: 3280: 3262: 3244: 3226: 3207: 3180: 3161: 3143: 3124: 3106: 3095: 3077: 3059: 3041: 3023: 3005: 2978: 2960: 2933: 2906: 2888: 2870: 2852: 2834: 2816: 2789: 2771: 2752: 2734: 2716: 2698: 2671: 2655:

Collins's Peerage of England; Genealogical, Biographical, and Historical, Volum 6

2653: 2610: 2573: 2555: 2523: 2505: 2487: 2469: 1819: 1801: 1561: 1393: 1366: 1208: 1069: 827: 672: 165: 2525:

Reisetagbuch:Ein Beitr. zur Kenntniß d. Juden in d. Diaspora während d. XII. Jhs

1141: 832: 301:

was, according to some traditional rabbinic texts, sawn apart on orders of King

4066: 3962: 3932: 3868: 3505: 3408:

The Present State of Europe, Or, The Historical and Political Mercury, Volum 17

1248: 980: 943: 807: 728: 712: 634: 586: 352: 61: 4184: 4117: 3967: 3774:. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 239–240. 3759: 2791:

Travels Through that Part of North America Formerly Called Louisiana, Volum 1

2080:. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 239–240. 2065: 1572: 959: 919: 692: 557: 467: 253: 213: 209: 1794: 3878: 1065: 989: 420:. There was nothing of material wealth there, and in their rage, the Arabs 225: 97: 3763: 3057: 2069: 1052:(r. 888–904) is said to have commanded one of his prisoners sawn asunder. 4107: 3947: 3922: 3912: 3873: 1744: 1261: 1257: 1100: 582: 578: 417: 249: 4071: 4035: 4029: 4024: 4019: 4009: 2836:

Geschichte des Krieges auf der pyrenäischen Halbinsel unter Napoleon, 3

2638: 1804:, excerpted from Greer (1976), "The Soldiers of Isle Royale, 1720-1745" 1795:

The Administration Of Justice At The Fortress Of Louisbourg (1713-1758)

915:

The mythologized death of Rhigas, the protomartyr of Greek independence

614: 534: 413: 383: 169: 149: 53: 2736:

The History, Civil and Commercial, of the British West Indies, Volum 3

2594:. University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press. 1104: 499:

One of the most notorious cases of sawing as execution is that of the

4129: 4102: 4004: 3794: 3534:

The Papacy and the Levant, 1204-1571: The Fifteenth Century, volume 2

2471:

Ungarns gutes recht:eine historische denkschrift von einem diplomaten

967: 858: 758: 695:

sect, had an independent kingdom in the Levant during the age of the

668: 553: 546: 437: 277: 245: 188: 180: 161: 126: 122: 102: 52:). This method is similar to the ancient Chinese execution method of 3372:

Travels in the Morea, Albania, and Other Parts of the Ottoman Empire

715:

are said to have sawn persons in two, most of them said to occur in

552:, Larbe Shott was put to the saw. He had spent considerable time at 4134: 4046: 1739:

On French publication date and biographical details of Bossu, see:

1149: 904: 803: 696: 365: 357: 229: 184: 107: 45: 667:, Balac, and made prisoners at the castle at Quartapiert. Some 50 444:

was condemned and executed by being sawn in half in the year 345.

4056: 4051: 3999: 3994: 3883: 3841: 1229:

Sawing people asunder is one of the punishments said to occur in

1212: 1092: 1037: 951: 908: 881: 862: 762: 581:. Three of the mutineers were eventually captured and brought to 573:

In 1757, a French officer was executed by his men in a mutiny on

441: 425: 391: 224:

This method of execution was uncommon throughout the time of the

89: 57: 2872:

The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Volum 1

938: 416:"wild barbarians" decided to rob a community of monks living at 32:

is the act of sawing or cutting a living person in half, either

947: 811: 799: 688: 504: 478:

Writing in 1843, William Holt Yates speaks of a governor under

463: 395: 387: 298: 273: 257: 111: 3606:

A History of the Church in nine books, from A.D.324 to A.D.440

2592:

Liberty, Equality, Fraternity: Exploring the French Revolution

585:

for trial. After conviction, two of the mutineers died on the

518:. In the following, the tale as told by Busnot will be given. 4097: 1178: 549: 527: 483: 361: 331: 233: 2507:

Das Heil kommt nicht aus Oesterreich: Eine Stimme aus Bayern

129:(r. 423–405 BC) was the real power behind the throne of the 21: 1252: 664: 500: 470:

is said to have been sawn in two, from the head downwards.

339: 93: 4160:

Resolutions concerning death penalty at the United Nations

2521: 1181:, some 4,000 Serbians, spurred on by the preaching of the 1103:. The crushing of the revolt was extremely bloody, and at 74: 386:

was a widow with seven sons living in the age of emperor

3508:

1980. Lizenz für Nikol Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Hamburg.

2935:

The Roots of Balkanization: Eastern Europe C.E. 500-1500

2690:

Rome and Persia in late antiquity: neighbours and rivals

3642:

A biographical, historical and chronological dictionary

1635:

More on this governor and his assassination in 1840 in

1716:

The History of a Mississippi Gulf Coast Barrier Island

926:. His actual manner of death has garnered many tales; 3108:

Life of Mrs. Ann H. Judson: late missionary to Burmah

2696: 1466:

Suet. Calig. 27: multos medios serra dissecuit - ,

663:

were separately ambushed and surprised by a Turkish

3058:Institution for the Progation of the Faith (1840). 727:A number of cruel excesses against the populace of 3478: 892:was, by some reports, ordered to be sawn in half. 2938:. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America. 2769: 2658:. London: F. C. and J. Rivington, Otridge and son 2554:Bridgman, Elijah C.; Williams, Samuel W. (1841). 1177:) from 1850, states that in the struggles around 462:In the 1630s, there are several reports from the 4182: 3537:. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society. 3025:Travels in Sicily, Greece & Albania, Volum 2 2788:Forster, Johann R.; Bossu, Jean-Bernard (1771). 2697:Diodorus Seculus; Wurm, Julius F. (tr.) (1840). 2553: 2522:Benjamin of Tudela; Martinet, Adam (tr) (1858). 2018:11.000, by "traditional" count, see for example 1040:" method of execution remains an open question. 802:, sent several knights to aid in the defence of 256:, 220,000 Greeks were massacred by the Jews; in 3213:. Weimar: Verlag des Landes-Industrie-Comptoirs 3082:. London: J. Butterworth & Son and T. Clark 2503: 2485: 2001:For interview between Anthony and sultan, see: 1120:Caynier and Vaugien were the ones sawn in two. 48:, the sawing is said to be through the middle ( 3778: 2652:Collins, Arthur; Brydges, Sir Egerton (1812). 2651: 2626: 1111:states that one Morisco was sawn apart alive. 888:, of disputed magnitude, occurred. Archbishop 212:is the oldest extant law code for the Romans. 25:Sawing of three men, from a 15th-century print 3810: 3656: 3224: 3159: 3122: 2958: 2770:de Ferreras, Juan; Semler, Johann S. (1760). 2608: 3657:Webber, Christopher; McBride, Angus (2001). 3206:Majer, Friedrich; Gruber, Johann G. (1804). 3179:Lewis, G.Malcolm; Arnold, Morris S. (1998). 3111:. Philadelphia: American Sunday school union 2787: 2687: 1745:Encyclopedia of Arkansas History&Culture 1712: 781:1460-64 campaigns and slaughter in the Morea 731:is said to have happened in the wake of the 272:declared himself emperor, and moved against 3742: 3422: 3368: 3205: 3178: 3127:vnd Nutzlich kan gebraucht werden, Volume 1 2959:Günther, Johannes; Schulz, Otto A. (1856). 2750: 966:was in 1675 AD ordered executed by emperor 3817: 3803: 3441:Sadler, Johann E.; Heim, Franz J. (1858). 3440: 3225:Mignot, Vincent; Hawkins, A. (tr) (1787). 3039: 2758:. Stuttgart: J.G. Cotta'schen Buchhandlung 2589: 2545:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2451:Execution: A Guide To The Ultimate Penalty 36:(usually midsagittally), or transversely. 3620: 3458: 2994: 2911:. Göttingen: Dieterichsche Buchhandlung. 2688:Dignas, Beate; Winter, Engelbert (2007). 2467: 1663: 1661: 1659: 1506: 1310: 1308: 1306: 735:. according to one rendering of the tale: 545:19 July 1721, a noble descended from the 16:Act of cutting a living person with a saw 3758: 3726: 3659:The Thracians 700 BC-AD 46 (Men-at-Arms) 3588:Sketches from Venetian history, volume 2 3512: 3350: 3185:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 3046:. Mainz: Kirchheim, Schott&Thielmann 2064: 937: 896:1611 revolt of Dionysius the Philosopher 428:, others by sawing them with dull saws. 317: 20: 4165:Capital punishment for drug trafficking 3638: 3602: 3584: 3332: 3314: 3296: 3160:Lempriere, John; Lord, Eleazar (1825). 3104: 2931: 2886: 2732: 1328: 1326: 1293: 1291: 595:Nouveaux Voyages aux Indes Occidentales 402:The 38 monks and martyrs on Mount Sinai 356:, after his wife's death in the age of 75:Ancient history and classical antiquity 4183: 3824: 3683: 3665: 3557: 3530: 3499: 3404: 3386: 3278: 3260: 3242: 3093: 3075: 3021: 2868: 2714: 2571: 2448: 1656: 1303: 1215:, are to be sawn apart while being in 1192: 338:. He is said to have been martyred in 3798: 3779:Suetonius; Rolfe, J.C. (tr.) (1914). 3701: 3476: 3369:Pouqueville, Francois C.H.L. (1813). 3003: 2904: 2850: 2669: 2633:. Princeton Univ. Dept. of Classics. 2609:Chateaubriand, François-Réné (1812). 2489:Asiatic Journal, volume 32 New series 2151:For eyewitness report disembowelment 984:, for which eyewitness reports exist. 711:A number of accounts exist where the 4170:Capital punishment for homosexuality 3669:Wigands Vierteljahrsschrift volume 1 2976: 2814: 1323: 1288: 1279: 1242: 308: 3624:Entwurf der Hebräischen Alterthümer 3141: 2832: 1197: 1008:In 1839, the governor of Vietnam's 533:Around 300 other conspirators were 287: 157: 13: 3708:. London: Smith, Elder and Company 3502:Die Geschichte der Gerichtsbarkeit 2875:. London: W. Strahan and T. Cadell 512:Histoire du règne de Mouley Ismael 187:, possibly only topped by his son 67:In only one case, the story about 14: 4207: 4093:Most recent executions by country 3781:"The Lives of the Twelve Caesars" 3485:. Merchant Book Company Limited. 2995:Head, Duncan; Heath, Ian (1982). 2590:Censer, Jack; Hunt, Lynn (2001). 2557:The Chinese Repository, Volume 10 1989:For dating and place of capture, 1175:The well-founded right of Hungary 1025: 790:1463 conquest of Mytilene, Lesbos 706: 503:(castellan/governor) Melec under 79: 2700:Historische Bibliothek, Volum 19 2504:von der Aurachl, Ph. S. (1859). 933: 818:1469/1470 conquest of Negroponte 606:A Map within an Indian Painting? 495:1705 The sawing of Alcaide Melec 4145:Religion and capital punishment 3621:Warnekros, Heinrich E. (1832). 3246:The Quarterly Review, volume 41 3123:von Kreckwitz, Abraham (1654). 2962:Handbuch für Autographensammler 2890:A Memoir on the Cotton of Egypt 2739:. London: G. and W.B. Whittaker 2560:. Canton: Bridgman and Williams 2442: 2424: 2409: 2394: 2379: 2364: 2349: 2334: 2319: 2304: 2289: 2274: 2262: 2247: 2232: 2209: 2187: 2176: 2161: 2145: 2130: 2115: 2100: 2084: 2058: 2043: 2028: 2012: 1980: 1965: 1950: 1935: 1920: 1908: 1893: 1878: 1863: 1848: 1836: 1824: 1807: 1787: 1772: 1757: 1733: 1706: 1691: 1676: 1645: 1622: 1607: 1596: 1581: 1566: 1551: 1536: 1521: 1491: 1476: 1460: 1445: 1429: 1414: 1099:broke out, under leadership of 1068:committed suicide in 1644, the 773:In 1460, the Hungarian general 723:1453 conquest of Constantinople 671:, bound by oath to Joscelin as 447: 198: 3745:"St. Domingo Nicolas Dat Dinh" 3279:Napier, William F. P. (1839). 3261:Napier, William F. P. (1862). 3100:. Zürich: Huber und compagnie. 3094:Knonau, Gerold M. von (1846). 2751:Fallmerayer, Jakob P. (1836). 2453:. Summersdale Publishers Ltd. 1741:Jean Bernard Bossu (1720–1792) 1470:"Many..had them sawn asunder" 1398: 1383: 1371: 1356: 1341: 1273: 1140:in September 1812, the French 962:, a follower of the 9th guru, 873:In 1480, the Ottomans, led by 849:1473 the arsonist at Gallipoli 541:1721 The sawing of Larbe Shott 376:According to the 16th-century 208:Promulgated about 451 BC, the 1: 4088:Enforcement or use by country 3609:. London: S. Bagster and Sons 2692:. Cambridge University Press. 2627:Coleman-Norton, P.R. (1948). 1435:For Gellius' statement, see, 1267: 597:, translated into English by 372:Symphorosa and her seven sons 100:, whose story is told in the 3564:. New Delhi: Hemkunt Press. 3513:Schmauss, Johann J. (1719). 3465:. Philadelphia: A. Salisbury 3423:Rosenmüller, E.F.K. (1820). 3164:American biography, Volume 1 2183:St. Domingo Nicolas Dat Dinh 1747:". On relevant excerpt, see 1167:Hungarian Revolution of 1848 928:Encyclopædia Britannica 1911 651:An episode from the Crusades 474:The renegade Coptic governor 175: 7: 4015:Hanged, drawn and quartered 3765:"Rhigas, Constantine" 3561:The Encyclopedia of Sikhism 3351:Pachtler, Georg M. (1861). 3040:Inderbitzi, Thomas (1840). 2983:. Cologne: DuMont-Schauberg 2887:Gliddon, George R. (1841). 2833:Foy, Maximilien S. (1827). 2821:. Philadelphia: E.C. Biddle 2071:"Rhigas, Constantine" 604:In a footnote to his essay 563: 458:The monk from Montepulciano 10: 4212: 3702:Yates, William H. (1843). 3645:. London: Richard Phillips 3531:Setton, Kenneth M (1978). 3387:Reider, William D (1841). 3339:. London: T. Osborne et al 3321:. London: T. Osborne et al 3303:. London: T. Osborne et al 3267:. New York: W.J. Widdleton 3105:Knowles, James D. (1830). 3022:Hughes, Thomas S. (1820). 2999:. Wargames Research Group. 2572:Busnot, Dominique (1716). 2510:. Berlin: Ferdinand Riegel 1155: 995: 877:, invaded mainland Italy, 861:. After being captured at 840:, was extinguished by the 489: 125:, wife and half-sister of 39: 4080: 3892: 3832: 3500:Schild, Wolfgang (1997). 3357:. Paderborn: F. Schöningh 2715:Du Pin, Louis E. (1699). 2703:. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler 1719:. McFarland. p. 20. 1148:. In addition, the "wild 1123: 1076: 1001:Martyrdom of Augustin Huy 924:Greek War of Independence 901:Dionysius the Philosopher 645: 3834:Current judicial methods 3783:. Loeb Classical Library 3591:. New York: J, J. Harper 3585:Smedley, Edward (1832). 3285:. Paris: Charles Hingray 3148:. London: W. Ball and Co 2486:Asiatic Journal (1840). 1183:Metropolitan of Karlovci 1109:Luis del Marmol Carvajal 1081: 973: 869:1480 invasion of Otranto 452: 326:of St. Simon sawn in two 3771:Encyclopædia Britannica 3519:. Cologne and Frankfurt 3393:. London: John Clements 3375:. London: Henry Colburn 3167:. New York: R. Lockwood 3142:Lay, George T. (1841). 3076:Judson, Ann H. (1823). 3004:Heyne, Carl T. (1840). 2977:Hahn, Heinrich (1860). 2869:Gibbon, Edward (1776). 2733:Edwards, Bryan (1819). 2077:Encyclopædia Britannica 1107:in 1569, the historian 745:1460 Capture of Mystras 640: 599:Johann Reinhold Forster 516:Present state of Europe 324:Lucas Cranach the Elder 228:, though common during 164:, was the twenty-first 3672:. Leipzig: Otto Wigand 3639:Watkins, John (1806). 3459:Salisbury, A. (1830). 3429:. Leipzig: Baumgärtner 3411:. London: Henry Rhodes 3405:Rhodes, Henry (1706). 2965:. Leipzig: O.A. Schulz 2676:. Munich: Daisenberger 2578:. Hamburg: von Wiering 2492:. London: Allen&co 1240: 1023: 955: 824:Triarchy of Negroponte 742: 719:'s reign (1451–1481). 412:, during the reign of 379:Foxe's Book of Martyrs 327: 114:had him sawn asunder. 26: 3684:Windus, John (1725). 3666:Wigand, Otto (1844). 2932:Grumeza, Ion (2010). 2905:Grimm, Jacob (1835). 2794:. London: T. Davies. 2670:Deinl, Franz (1830). 1713:Cuevas, John (2011). 1577:Catholic Encyclopedia 1280:Held, Robert (1985). 1235: 1018: 941: 836:under control of the 769:1460 Michael Szilágyi 755:Demetrios Palaiologos 737: 687:, a misnomer for the 657:Joscelin de Courtenay 409:Martyrologium Romanum 321: 85:The legend of Jamshid 24: 3661:. Osprey Publishing. 3558:Singha, H.S (2000). 3481:A History Of Torture 3477:Scott, G.R. (1995). 3333:Osborne, T. (1747). 3315:Osborne, T. (1744). 3297:Osborne, T. (1742). 3010:. Chemnitz: Goedsche 2851:Geyer, J.K. (1738). 2839:. Stuttgart: Francky 2615:. London: h. Colburn 2474:. London: W.M. Watts 988:The Burmese general 808:Kenneth Meyer Setton 798:, then stationed at 796:Knights Hospitallers 717:Mehmed the Conqueror 422:slaughtered them all 3978:Republican marriage 3907:Damnatio ad bestias 3690:. London: J. Tonson 3249:. London: J. Murray 3028:. London: J. Mawman 2908:Deutsche Mythologie 2893:. London: J. Madden 2815:Foxe, John (1840). 2721:. London: H. Rhodes 2449:Abbott, G. (2004). 1652:fr:Dominique Busnot 1193:Cultural references 1171:Ungarns gutes recht 1115:La Mancha rebellion 842:capture of the city 4150:Wrongful execution 4062:Suffocation in ash 3918:Blowing from a gun 3826:Capital punishment 3627:. Weimar: Hoffmann 3243:Murray, J (1829). 3231:. Exeter: R. Thorn 2468:Anonymous (1850). 2090:See, for example: 1870:Benjamin of Tudela 1800:2012-02-09 at the 1768:footnote 11, p.200 1014:Vietnamese Martyrs 956: 946:near the towns of 890:Stefano Pendinelli 855:Sanjak of Gelibolu 838:Republic of Venice 733:taking of the city 701:Benjamin of Tudela 631:great slave revolt 629:In August 1791, a 625:Haitian revolution 591:Jean Bernard Bossu 328: 56:. In the cases of 27: 4196:Execution methods 4178: 4177: 4155:Botched execution 3743:catholic Online. 3064:. London: Andrews 2630:The Twelve Tables 2239:Inst. Prop. Faith 1743:at the website: " 1641:p.70-72, footnote 1487:Appendix, p.lxxvi 1456:The Twelve Tables 1243:Segare la vecchia 1225:Chinese mythology 1010:Nam Định Province 964:Guru Tegh Bahadur 954:in Punjab, India. 875:Gedik Ahmed Pasha 761:at the castle of 569:Cat Island mutiny 406:According to the 350:According to the 346:Conus and his son 309:Christian martyrs 303:Manasseh of Judah 204:The Twelve Tables 131:Achaemenid Empire 4203: 3864:Nitrogen hypoxia 3859:Lethal injection 3819: 3812: 3805: 3796: 3795: 3791: 3789: 3788: 3775: 3767: 3755: 3753: 3752: 3739: 3737: 3736: 3716: 3714: 3713: 3698: 3696: 3695: 3680: 3678: 3677: 3662: 3653: 3651: 3650: 3635: 3633: 3632: 3617: 3615: 3614: 3603:Sozomen (1846). 3599: 3597: 3596: 3581: 3579: 3578: 3554: 3552: 3551: 3527: 3525: 3524: 3509: 3496: 3484: 3473: 3471: 3470: 3455: 3453: 3452: 3437: 3435: 3434: 3419: 3417: 3416: 3401: 3399: 3398: 3383: 3381: 3380: 3365: 3363: 3362: 3347: 3345: 3344: 3329: 3327: 3326: 3311: 3309: 3308: 3293: 3291: 3290: 3275: 3273: 3272: 3257: 3255: 3254: 3239: 3237: 3236: 3221: 3219: 3218: 3202: 3200: 3199: 3175: 3173: 3172: 3156: 3154: 3153: 3138: 3136: 3135: 3130:. Leipzig: Riese 3119: 3117: 3116: 3101: 3090: 3088: 3087: 3072: 3070: 3069: 3054: 3052: 3051: 3036: 3034: 3033: 3018: 3016: 3015: 3000: 2991: 2989: 2988: 2973: 2971: 2970: 2955: 2953: 2952: 2928: 2926: 2925: 2901: 2899: 2898: 2883: 2881: 2880: 2865: 2863: 2862: 2847: 2845: 2844: 2829: 2827: 2826: 2811: 2809: 2808: 2784: 2782: 2781: 2776:. Halle: Gebauer 2766: 2764: 2763: 2747: 2745: 2744: 2729: 2727: 2726: 2711: 2709: 2708: 2693: 2684: 2682: 2681: 2666: 2664: 2663: 2648: 2646: 2645: 2623: 2621: 2620: 2605: 2586: 2584: 2583: 2568: 2566: 2565: 2550: 2544: 2536: 2534: 2533: 2518: 2516: 2515: 2500: 2498: 2497: 2482: 2480: 2479: 2464: 2437: 2428: 2422: 2413: 2407: 2398: 2392: 2383: 2377: 2368: 2362: 2353: 2347: 2338: 2332: 2323: 2317: 2308: 2302: 2293: 2287: 2278: 2272: 2266: 2260: 2251: 2245: 2236: 2230: 2213: 2207: 2191: 2185: 2180: 2174: 2165: 2159: 2149: 2143: 2134: 2128: 2119: 2113: 2104: 2098: 2088: 2082: 2081: 2073: 2062: 2056: 2047: 2041: 2032: 2026: 2016: 2010: 1984: 1978: 1969: 1963: 1954: 1948: 1939: 1933: 1924: 1918: 1914:Grumeza (2010), 1912: 1906: 1897: 1891: 1882: 1876: 1867: 1861: 1852: 1846: 1842:Edwards (1819), 1840: 1834: 1828: 1822: 1811: 1805: 1791: 1785: 1776: 1770: 1761: 1755: 1737: 1731: 1730: 1710: 1704: 1695: 1689: 1680: 1674: 1665: 1654: 1649: 1643: 1626: 1620: 1611: 1605: 1600: 1594: 1585: 1579: 1570: 1564: 1555: 1549: 1540: 1534: 1525: 1519: 1510: 1504: 1495: 1489: 1480: 1474: 1472:Life of Caligula 1464: 1458: 1449: 1443: 1433: 1427: 1421:Diodorus Seculus 1418: 1412: 1402: 1396: 1387: 1381: 1375: 1369: 1360: 1354: 1345: 1339: 1330: 1321: 1312: 1301: 1295: 1286: 1285: 1277: 1198:Tortures in Hell 1050:Zhaozong of Tang 886:general massacre 775:Michael Szilágyi 619:Canton of Zürich 610:Morris S. Arnold 336:Simon the Zealot 322:Illustration by 314:Simon the Zealot 288:Jewish tradition 193:Diodorus Siculus 159: 92:was a legendary 69:Simon the Zealot 4211: 4210: 4206: 4205: 4204: 4202: 4201: 4200: 4181: 4180: 4179: 4174: 4140:List of methods 4125:Final statement 4076: 3897: 3895: 3888: 3828: 3823: 3786: 3784: 3750: 3748: 3734: 3732: 3711: 3709: 3693: 3691: 3675: 3673: 3648: 3646: 3630: 3628: 3612: 3610: 3594: 3592: 3576: 3574: 3572: 3549: 3547: 3545: 3522: 3520: 3493: 3468: 3466: 3450: 3448: 3447:. Augsburg: F.C 3432: 3430: 3414: 3412: 3396: 3394: 3378: 3376: 3360: 3358: 3342: 3340: 3324: 3322: 3306: 3304: 3288: 3286: 3270: 3268: 3252: 3250: 3234: 3232: 3216: 3214: 3197: 3195: 3193: 3170: 3168: 3151: 3149: 3133: 3131: 3114: 3112: 3085: 3083: 3067: 3065: 3049: 3047: 3031: 3029: 3013: 3011: 2986: 2984: 2968: 2966: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2896: 2894: 2878: 2876: 2860: 2858: 2842: 2840: 2824: 2822: 2806: 2804: 2802: 2779: 2777: 2761: 2759: 2742: 2740: 2724: 2722: 2706: 2704: 2679: 2677: 2661: 2659: 2643: 2641: 2618: 2616: 2602: 2581: 2579: 2563: 2561: 2538: 2537: 2531: 2529: 2513: 2511: 2495: 2493: 2477: 2475: 2461: 2445: 2440: 2429: 2425: 2414: 2410: 2399: 2395: 2384: 2380: 2369: 2365: 2354: 2350: 2339: 2335: 2324: 2320: 2309: 2305: 2294: 2290: 2279: 2275: 2267: 2263: 2252: 2248: 2237: 2233: 2214: 2210: 2192: 2188: 2181: 2177: 2166: 2162: 2150: 2146: 2135: 2131: 2120: 2116: 2105: 2101: 2089: 2085: 2063: 2059: 2048: 2044: 2033: 2029: 2017: 2013: 1985: 1981: 1970: 1966: 1955: 1951: 1940: 1936: 1925: 1921: 1913: 1909: 1898: 1894: 1883: 1879: 1868: 1864: 1853: 1849: 1841: 1837: 1831:Censer and Hunt 1829: 1825: 1812: 1808: 1802:Wayback Machine 1792: 1788: 1777: 1773: 1762: 1758: 1738: 1734: 1727: 1711: 1707: 1696: 1692: 1681: 1677: 1666: 1657: 1650: 1646: 1627: 1623: 1612: 1608: 1601: 1597: 1586: 1582: 1571: 1567: 1556: 1552: 1541: 1537: 1526: 1522: 1511: 1507: 1496: 1492: 1481: 1477: 1465: 1461: 1450: 1446: 1434: 1430: 1419: 1415: 1409:Webber; McBride 1407:(1982), p. 51, 1403: 1399: 1388: 1384: 1376: 1372: 1361: 1357: 1346: 1342: 1331: 1324: 1313: 1304: 1296: 1289: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1245: 1207:In Hindu lore, 1203:Hindu mythology 1200: 1195: 1161:1848 Revolution 1158: 1126: 1084: 1079: 1028: 998: 976: 936: 751:Despot of Morea 749:After the last 709: 673:Count of Edessa 648: 643: 577:in current-day 566: 492: 455: 450: 311: 293:Death of Isaiah 290: 252:claims that in 201: 191:. According to 178: 82: 77: 42: 30:Death by sawing 17: 12: 11: 5: 4209: 4199: 4198: 4193: 4176: 4175: 4173: 4172: 4167: 4162: 4157: 4152: 4147: 4142: 4137: 4132: 4127: 4122: 4121: 4120: 4115: 4105: 4100: 4095: 4090: 4084: 4082: 4081:Related topics 4078: 4077: 4075: 4074: 4069: 4067:Upright jerker 4064: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4039: 4032: 4027: 4022: 4017: 4012: 4007: 4002: 3997: 3992: 3987: 3982: 3981: 3980: 3970: 3965: 3963:Disembowelment 3960: 3955: 3950: 3945: 3940: 3935: 3933:Breaking wheel 3930: 3925: 3920: 3915: 3910: 3902: 3900: 3896:post-classical 3890: 3889: 3887: 3886: 3881: 3876: 3871: 3866: 3861: 3856: 3855: 3854: 3844: 3838: 3836: 3830: 3829: 3822: 3821: 3814: 3807: 3799: 3793: 3792: 3776: 3762:, ed. (1911). 3760:Chisholm, Hugh 3756: 3747:. catholic.org 3740: 3731:. catholic.org 3727:catholic.org. 3723: 3722: 3718: 3717: 3699: 3681: 3663: 3654: 3636: 3618: 3600: 3582: 3570: 3555: 3543: 3528: 3510: 3506:Callwey Verlag 3497: 3491: 3474: 3456: 3438: 3420: 3402: 3384: 3366: 3348: 3330: 3312: 3294: 3276: 3258: 3240: 3222: 3203: 3191: 3176: 3157: 3139: 3120: 3102: 3091: 3073: 3055: 3037: 3019: 3001: 2992: 2974: 2956: 2944: 2929: 2917: 2902: 2884: 2866: 2857:. Passau: Lang 2848: 2830: 2812: 2800: 2785: 2767: 2748: 2730: 2712: 2694: 2685: 2667: 2649: 2624: 2606: 2600: 2587: 2569: 2551: 2519: 2501: 2483: 2465: 2459: 2444: 2441: 2439: 2438: 2423: 2408: 2393: 2378: 2363: 2348: 2333: 2318: 2303: 2288: 2273: 2261: 2246: 2231: 2208: 2186: 2175: 2160: 2144: 2129: 2114: 2099: 2083: 2068:, ed. (1911). 2066:Chisholm, Hugh 2057: 2042: 2027: 2011: 1979: 1964: 1949: 1934: 1919: 1907: 1892: 1877: 1862: 1847: 1835: 1823: 1806: 1786: 1771: 1756: 1732: 1725: 1705: 1690: 1675: 1655: 1644: 1621: 1606: 1595: 1580: 1565: 1550: 1535: 1520: 1505: 1490: 1475: 1468:Vita Caligulae 1459: 1452:Coleman-Norton 1444: 1428: 1413: 1397: 1382: 1378:Dignas; Winter 1370: 1355: 1340: 1322: 1302: 1287: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1262:Southern Slavs 1249:Laetare Sunday 1244: 1241: 1227: 1226: 1205: 1204: 1199: 1196: 1194: 1191: 1163: 1162: 1157: 1154: 1138:Fire of Moscow 1134: 1133: 1125: 1122: 1117: 1116: 1097:Morisco revolt 1089: 1088: 1087:Morisco revolt 1083: 1080: 1078: 1075: 1058: 1057: 1046: 1045: 1033: 1032: 1027: 1026:Imperial China 1024: 1003: 1002: 997: 994: 981:disembowelment 975: 972: 944:Sikh Ajaibghar 935: 932: 917: 916: 898: 897: 871: 870: 851: 850: 828:Crusader state 820: 819: 792: 791: 783: 782: 771: 770: 747: 746: 729:Constantinople 725: 724: 708: 707:Ottoman Empire 705: 681: 680: 653: 652: 647: 644: 642: 639: 635:Saint-Domingue 627: 626: 587:breaking wheel 571: 570: 565: 562: 543: 542: 508:Moulay Ishmael 497: 496: 491: 488: 476: 475: 460: 459: 454: 451: 449: 446: 434: 433: 404: 403: 374: 373: 364:, Asia Minor ( 353:Acta Sanctorum 348: 347: 316: 315: 310: 307: 295: 294: 289: 286: 266: 265: 242: 241: 222: 221: 206: 205: 200: 197: 177: 174: 166:King of Persia 147: 146: 120: 119: 87: 86: 81: 80:Ancient Persia 78: 76: 73: 54:waist chopping 41: 38: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4208: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4188: 4186: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4138: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4126: 4123: 4119: 4118:Scharfrichter 4116: 4114: 4111: 4110: 4109: 4106: 4104: 4101: 4099: 4096: 4094: 4091: 4089: 4086: 4085: 4083: 4079: 4073: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4037: 4033: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4021: 4018: 4016: 4013: 4011: 4008: 4006: 4003: 4001: 3998: 3996: 3993: 3991: 3988: 3986: 3983: 3979: 3976: 3975: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3968:Dismemberment 3966: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3954: 3951: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3936: 3934: 3931: 3929: 3926: 3924: 3921: 3919: 3916: 3914: 3911: 3909: 3908: 3904: 3903: 3901: 3899: 3891: 3885: 3882: 3880: 3877: 3875: 3872: 3870: 3869:Electrocution 3867: 3865: 3862: 3860: 3857: 3853: 3850: 3849: 3848: 3845: 3843: 3840: 3839: 3837: 3835: 3831: 3827: 3820: 3815: 3813: 3808: 3806: 3801: 3800: 3797: 3782: 3777: 3773: 3772: 3766: 3761: 3757: 3746: 3741: 3730: 3729:"St. Tarbula" 3725: 3724: 3721:Web resources 3720: 3719: 3707: 3706: 3700: 3689: 3688: 3682: 3671: 3670: 3664: 3660: 3655: 3644: 3643: 3637: 3626: 3625: 3619: 3608: 3607: 3601: 3590: 3589: 3583: 3573: 3571:9788170103011 3567: 3563: 3562: 3556: 3546: 3544:9780871691279 3540: 3536: 3535: 3529: 3518: 3517: 3511: 3507: 3503: 3498: 3494: 3492:1-85958-174-9 3488: 3483: 3482: 3475: 3464: 3463: 3457: 3446: 3445: 3439: 3428: 3427: 3421: 3410: 3409: 3403: 3392: 3391: 3385: 3374: 3373: 3367: 3356: 3355: 3349: 3338: 3337: 3331: 3320: 3319: 3313: 3302: 3301: 3295: 3284: 3283: 3277: 3266: 3265: 3259: 3248: 3247: 3241: 3230: 3229: 3223: 3212: 3211: 3204: 3194: 3192:9780226476940 3188: 3184: 3183: 3177: 3166: 3165: 3158: 3147: 3146: 3140: 3129: 3128: 3121: 3110: 3109: 3103: 3099: 3098: 3092: 3081: 3080: 3074: 3063: 3062: 3056: 3045: 3044: 3038: 3027: 3026: 3020: 3009: 3008: 3002: 2998: 2993: 2982: 2981: 2975: 2964: 2963: 2957: 2947: 2945:9780761851356 2941: 2937: 2936: 2930: 2920: 2918:9783598509902 2914: 2910: 2909: 2903: 2892: 2891: 2885: 2874: 2873: 2867: 2856: 2855: 2849: 2838: 2837: 2831: 2820: 2819: 2813: 2803: 2801:9780608438306 2797: 2793: 2792: 2786: 2775: 2774: 2768: 2757: 2756: 2749: 2738: 2737: 2731: 2720: 2719: 2713: 2702: 2701: 2695: 2691: 2686: 2675: 2674: 2668: 2657: 2656: 2650: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2631: 2625: 2614: 2613: 2607: 2603: 2601:0-271-02088-1 2597: 2593: 2588: 2577: 2576: 2570: 2559: 2558: 2552: 2548: 2542: 2527: 2526: 2520: 2509: 2508: 2502: 2491: 2490: 2484: 2473: 2472: 2466: 2462: 2460:1-84024-433-X 2456: 2452: 2447: 2446: 2436: 2432: 2427: 2421: 2417: 2412: 2406: 2402: 2397: 2391: 2387: 2382: 2376: 2372: 2367: 2361: 2357: 2352: 2346: 2342: 2337: 2331: 2327: 2322: 2316: 2312: 2307: 2301: 2297: 2292: 2286: 2282: 2277: 2270: 2265: 2259: 2255: 2254:Asiat. Journ. 2250: 2244: 2240: 2235: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2212: 2206: 2202: 2199: 2195: 2190: 2184: 2179: 2173: 2169: 2164: 2158: 2154: 2148: 2142: 2138: 2133: 2127: 2123: 2118: 2112: 2108: 2103: 2097: 2093: 2087: 2079: 2078: 2072: 2067: 2061: 2055: 2051: 2046: 2040: 2036: 2031: 2025: 2021: 2015: 2008: 2004: 2003:von Kreckwitz 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1983: 1977: 1973: 1968: 1962: 1958: 1953: 1947: 1943: 1938: 1932: 1928: 1923: 1917: 1911: 1905: 1901: 1896: 1890: 1886: 1881: 1875: 1871: 1866: 1860: 1856: 1851: 1845: 1839: 1833:(2001), p.124 1832: 1827: 1821: 1817: 1816: 1810: 1803: 1799: 1796: 1790: 1784: 1780: 1775: 1769: 1765: 1764:Lewis, Arnold 1760: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1736: 1728: 1726:9780786485789 1722: 1718: 1717: 1709: 1703: 1699: 1694: 1688: 1684: 1679: 1673: 1669: 1664: 1662: 1660: 1653: 1648: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1625: 1619: 1615: 1614:Chateaubriand 1610: 1604: 1599: 1593: 1589: 1584: 1578: 1574: 1569: 1563: 1559: 1554: 1548: 1544: 1539: 1533: 1529: 1524: 1518: 1514: 1509: 1503: 1499: 1494: 1488: 1484: 1479: 1473: 1469: 1463: 1457: 1453: 1448: 1442: 1438: 1432: 1426: 1422: 1417: 1410: 1406: 1401: 1395: 1391: 1386: 1379: 1374: 1368: 1364: 1359: 1353: 1349: 1344: 1338: 1334: 1329: 1327: 1320: 1316: 1311: 1309: 1307: 1300:(1995), p.142 1299: 1294: 1292: 1283: 1276: 1272: 1265: 1263: 1259: 1254: 1250: 1239: 1234: 1232: 1231:Buddhist Hell 1224: 1223: 1222: 1220: 1219: 1214: 1210: 1202: 1201: 1190: 1188: 1187:Josif Rajačić 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1160: 1159: 1153: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1132: 1128: 1127: 1121: 1114: 1113: 1112: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1086: 1085: 1074: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1055: 1054: 1053: 1051: 1043: 1042: 1041: 1039: 1030: 1029: 1022: 1017: 1015: 1011: 1006: 1000: 999: 993: 991: 986: 985: 982: 971: 969: 965: 961: 960:Bhai Mati Das 953: 949: 945: 940: 934:Mughal Empire 931: 929: 925: 921: 920:Rigas Feraios 914: 913: 912: 910: 906: 902: 895: 894: 893: 891: 887: 883: 880: 876: 868: 867: 866: 864: 860: 856: 848: 847: 846: 843: 839: 835: 834: 829: 825: 817: 816: 815: 813: 809: 805: 801: 797: 789: 788: 787: 780: 779: 778: 776: 768: 767: 766: 764: 760: 756: 752: 744: 743: 741: 736: 734: 730: 722: 721: 720: 718: 714: 704: 702: 698: 694: 690: 686: 679:The Assassins 678: 677: 676: 674: 670: 666: 662: 658: 650: 649: 638: 636: 633:broke out at 632: 624: 623: 622: 620: 616: 611: 607: 602: 600: 596: 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 568: 567: 561: 559: 555: 551: 548: 540: 539: 538: 536: 531: 529: 523: 519: 517: 513: 509: 506: 502: 494: 493: 487: 485: 481: 473: 472: 471: 469: 468:Montepulciano 465: 457: 456: 445: 443: 439: 431: 430: 429: 427: 424:, several by 423: 419: 415: 411: 410: 401: 400: 399: 397: 393: 389: 385: 381: 380: 371: 370: 369: 367: 363: 359: 355: 354: 345: 344: 343: 341: 337: 333: 325: 320: 313: 312: 306: 304: 300: 292: 291: 285: 283: 279: 275: 271: 263: 262: 261: 259: 255: 251: 247: 240:The Kitos War 239: 238: 237: 235: 231: 227: 219: 218: 217: 215: 214:Aulus Gellius 211: 210:Twelve Tables 203: 202: 196: 194: 190: 186: 182: 173: 171: 167: 163: 155: 151: 144: 143: 142: 140: 139:Artaxerxes II 136: 132: 128: 124: 117: 116: 115: 113: 109: 105: 104: 99: 95: 91: 84: 83: 72: 70: 65: 63: 62:midsagittally 59: 55: 51: 47: 37: 35: 31: 23: 19: 4052:Slow slicing 4041: 4034: 3905: 3852:firing squad 3785:. Retrieved 3769: 3749:. Retrieved 3733:. Retrieved 3710:. Retrieved 3704: 3692:. Retrieved 3686: 3674:. Retrieved 3668: 3658: 3647:. Retrieved 3641: 3629:. Retrieved 3623: 3611:. Retrieved 3605: 3593:. Retrieved 3587: 3575:. Retrieved 3560: 3548:. Retrieved 3533: 3521:. Retrieved 3515: 3501: 3480: 3467:. Retrieved 3461: 3449:. Retrieved 3443: 3431:. Retrieved 3425: 3413:. Retrieved 3407: 3395:. Retrieved 3389: 3377:. Retrieved 3371: 3359:. Retrieved 3353: 3341:. Retrieved 3335: 3323:. Retrieved 3317: 3305:. Retrieved 3299: 3287:. Retrieved 3281: 3269:. Retrieved 3263: 3251:. Retrieved 3245: 3233:. Retrieved 3227: 3215:. Retrieved 3208: 3196:. Retrieved 3181: 3169:. Retrieved 3162: 3150:. Retrieved 3144: 3132:. Retrieved 3125: 3113:. Retrieved 3107: 3096: 3084:. Retrieved 3078: 3066:. Retrieved 3060: 3048:. Retrieved 3042: 3030:. Retrieved 3024: 3012:. Retrieved 3006: 2996: 2985:. Retrieved 2979: 2967:. Retrieved 2961: 2949:. Retrieved 2934: 2922:. Retrieved 2907: 2895:. Retrieved 2889: 2877:. Retrieved 2871: 2859:. Retrieved 2853: 2841:. Retrieved 2835: 2823:. Retrieved 2817: 2805:. Retrieved 2790: 2778:. Retrieved 2772: 2760:. Retrieved 2753: 2741:. Retrieved 2735: 2723:. Retrieved 2717: 2705:. Retrieved 2699: 2689: 2678:. Retrieved 2672: 2660:. Retrieved 2654: 2642:. Retrieved 2629: 2617:. Retrieved 2611: 2591: 2580:. Retrieved 2574: 2562:. Retrieved 2556: 2530:. Retrieved 2524: 2512:. Retrieved 2506: 2494:. Retrieved 2488: 2476:. Retrieved 2470: 2450: 2443:Bibliography 2430: 2426: 2415: 2411: 2400: 2396: 2385: 2381: 2370: 2366: 2355: 2351: 2340: 2336: 2325: 2321: 2310: 2306: 2295: 2291: 2280: 2276: 2268: 2264: 2253: 2249: 2238: 2234: 2223: 2215: 2211: 2200: 2193: 2189: 2178: 2167: 2163: 2152: 2147: 2136: 2132: 2121: 2117: 2106: 2102: 2091: 2086: 2075: 2060: 2049: 2045: 2034: 2030: 2019: 2014: 2002: 1998: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1971: 1967: 1956: 1952: 1941: 1937: 1926: 1922: 1910: 1899: 1895: 1884: 1880: 1869: 1865: 1854: 1850: 1838: 1830: 1826: 1813: 1809: 1789: 1778: 1774: 1763: 1759: 1748: 1735: 1715: 1708: 1697: 1693: 1682: 1678: 1667: 1647: 1636: 1628: 1624: 1613: 1609: 1598: 1587: 1583: 1568: 1557: 1553: 1542: 1538: 1527: 1523: 1512: 1508: 1497: 1493: 1482: 1478: 1462: 1451: 1447: 1436: 1431: 1420: 1416: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1389: 1385: 1377: 1373: 1362: 1358: 1347: 1343: 1332: 1314: 1297: 1281: 1275: 1246: 1236: 1228: 1216: 1206: 1174: 1170: 1164: 1142:Grande Armée 1135: 1131:Grande Armée 1130: 1118: 1090: 1066:Ming dynasty 1062:last emperor 1059: 1056:Qing dynasty 1048:The emperor 1047: 1044:Tang dynasty 1038:slow slicing 1034: 1019: 1007: 1004: 990:Maha Bandula 987: 983: 977: 957: 918: 899: 872: 852: 833:Stato da Màr 831: 821: 793: 784: 772: 748: 738: 726: 710: 682: 654: 628: 605: 603: 594: 593:in his 1768 572: 544: 532: 524: 520: 515: 511: 498: 480:Muhammad Ali 477: 461: 448:North Africa 435: 407: 405: 390:(98–117) or 377: 375: 351: 349: 329: 297:The prophet 296: 267: 243: 226:Roman Empire 223: 207: 199:Ancient Rome 179: 148: 121: 101: 88: 66: 50:transversely 43: 29: 28: 18: 4108:Executioner 3948:Crucifixion 3923:Brazen bull 3913:Blood eagle 3894:Ancient and 3874:Gas chamber 2311:de Ferreras 1927:Fallmerayer 1900:Pouqueville 1603:St. Tarbula 1437:Rosenmüller 1405:Head; Heath 1380:(2007) p.42 1282:Inquisition 1258:Jacob Grimm 1101:Aben Humeya 1070:new emperor 583:New Orleans 579:Mississippi 432:St. Tarbula 418:Mount Sinai 268:In 365 AD, 250:Cassius Dio 4185:Categories 4072:Waist chop 4036:Mazzatello 4030:Ishikozume 4025:Impalement 4020:Immurement 4010:Guillotine 3958:Decimation 3787:2013-02-28 3751:2013-02-28 3735:2013-02-28 3712:2013-02-28 3694:2013-02-28 3676:2013-02-28 3649:2013-02-28 3631:2013-02-28 3613:2013-02-28 3595:2013-02-28 3577:2013-02-28 3550:2013-02-28 3523:2013-02-28 3504:. Munich: 3469:2013-02-28 3451:2013-02-28 3433:2013-02-28 3415:2013-02-28 3397:2013-02-28 3379:2013-02-28 3361:2013-02-28 3343:2013-02-28 3325:2013-02-28 3307:2013-02-28 3289:2013-02-28 3271:2013-02-28 3253:2013-02-28 3235:2013-02-28 3217:2013-02-28 3198:2013-02-28 3171:2013-02-28 3152:2013-02-28 3134:2013-02-28 3115:2013-02-28 3086:2013-02-28 3068:2013-02-28 3050:2013-02-28 3032:2013-02-28 3014:2013-02-28 2987:2013-02-28 2969:2013-02-28 2951:2013-02-28 2924:2013-02-28 2897:2013-02-28 2879:2013-02-28 2861:2013-02-28 2843:2013-02-28 2825:2013-02-28 2807:2013-02-28 2780:2013-02-28 2762:2013-02-28 2743:2013-02-28 2725:2013-02-28 2707:2013-02-28 2680:2013-02-28 2662:2013-02-28 2644:2013-02-28 2639:B0007HKWAO 2619:2013-02-28 2582:2013-02-28 2564:2013-02-28 2532:2013-02-28 2514:2013-02-28 2496:2013-02-28 2478:2013-02-28 2216:Inderbitzi 1573:Symphorosa 1268:References 1136:After the 863:Negroponte 661:Baldwin II 615:Louisbourg 575:Cat Island 547:Andalusian 414:Diocletian 384:Symphorosa 170:Khosrow II 160:), son of 158:هرمز چهارم 150:Hormizd IV 145:Hormizd IV 34:sagittally 4130:Last meal 4103:Death row 4005:Gibbeting 3879:Beheading 2541:cite book 2528:. Bamberg 1991:Lempriere 1885:Salisbury 1753:p.324-325 1513:Warnekros 1319:pp.167–70 1146:guerrilla 1129:1812 the 1093:Moriscoes 1060:When the 1031:Technique 968:Aurangzeb 958:The Sikh 879:occupying 859:Gallipoli 845:desires. 759:castellan 685:Assassins 669:Armenians 655:In 1123, 608:, jurist 601:in 1771. 554:Gibraltar 438:Shapur II 278:Gomoarius 270:Procopius 246:Kitos War 189:Ziselmius 181:Thracians 176:Thracians 162:Khosrow I 127:Darius II 123:Parysatis 118:Parysatis 103:Shahnameh 4135:Penology 4047:Scaphism 3985:Elephant 3973:Drowning 3953:Crushing 3847:Shooting 2755:Christus 2418:(1841), 2403:(1804), 2388:(1850), 2358:(1827), 2343:(1839), 2328:(1862), 2313:(1760), 2298:(1856), 2283:(1841), 2281:Bridgman 2256:(1840), 2243:p.559-60 2241:(1840), 2228:p.120-21 2226:(1860), 2218:(1840), 2203:(1861), 2201:Pachtler 2196:(1858), 2172:p.167-68 2170:(1830) " 2155:(1823), 2139:(1829), 2124:(2000), 2109:(1859), 2052:(1820), 2037:(1841), 2022:(1832), 2005:(1654), 1993:(1825), 1974:(1806), 1959:(1978), 1944:(1787), 1929:(1836), 1902:(1813), 1887:(1830), 1872:(1858), 1857:(1812), 1798:Archived 1781:(1771), 1766:(1998), 1751:(1771), 1702:p.156-57 1700:(1725), 1685:(1716), 1670:(1706), 1639:(1841), 1631:(1843), 1616:(1812), 1590:(1850), 1560:(1840), 1545:(1719), 1543:Schmauss 1530:(1699), 1515:(1832), 1500:(1846), 1485:(1776), 1439:(1820), 1423:(1840), 1392:(1742), 1365:(1747), 1350:(1744), 1317:(1717), 1221:(Hell). 1150:Cossacks 905:Ioannina 804:Mytilene 713:Ottomans 697:Crusades 564:Americas 366:Anatolia 358:Domitian 230:Caligula 220:Caligula 185:Diegylis 135:Stateira 108:Ferdowsi 46:Caligula 4191:Torture 4057:Stoning 4000:Garrote 3995:Flaying 3990:Falling 3943:Burning 3928:Boiling 3898:methods 3884:Stoning 3842:Hanging 2433:(1835) 2296:Günther 2168:Knowles 2157:p.84-86 2126:p. 142. 2020:Smedley 1972:Watkins 1855:Collins 1818:(1846) 1779:Forster 1749:Forster 1687:p.66-67 1637:Gliddon 1575:at the 1498:Sozomen 1454:(1948)) 1390:Osborne 1363:Osborne 1348:Osborne 1335:(1738) 1213:Brahmin 1156:Hungary 1105:Almería 1064:of the 996:Vietnam 952:Sirhind 909:Ahmed I 882:Otranto 763:Mystras 693:Ismaili 558:Barbary 535:impaled 501:Alcaide 490:Morocco 442:Tarbula 426:flaying 392:Hadrian 154:Persian 90:Jamshid 58:Morocco 40:Methods 4042:Sawing 3938:Burial 3568: 3541: 3489: 3189: 2942: 2915: 2798: 2637: 2598: 2457: 2373:(1840) 2341:Napier 2326:Napier 2271:(2004) 2269:Abbott 2194:Sadler 2153:Judson 2137:Murray 2122:Singha 2107:Aurach 2094:(1844) 2092:Wigand 2050:Hughes 2035:Reider 1957:Setton 1942:Mignot 1815:Knonau 1723: 1698:Windus 1683:Busnot 1668:Rhodes 1528:Du Pin 1483:Gibbon 1425:p.2450 1315:Busnot 1218:Naraka 1124:Russia 1077:Europe 948:Mohali 812:sultan 810:, the 800:Rhodes 689:Nizari 646:Levant 505:Sultan 464:Levant 396:Aniene 388:Trajan 340:Persia 299:Isaiah 274:Valens 264:Valens 258:Cyprus 254:Cyrene 112:Zahhak 98:Persia 4098:Crime 2435:p.453 2431:Grimm 2420:p.195 2405:p.346 2401:Majer 2375:p.386 2371:Heyne 2360:p.192 2285:p.141 2258:p.120 2220:p.548 2205:p.353 2198:p.356 2096:p.307 2039:p.125 2024:p.110 2007:p.240 1976:p.366 1961:p.238 1946:p.162 1931:p.420 1889:p.225 1859:p.220 1820:p.335 1783:p.324 1633:p.123 1629:Yates 1618:p.143 1588:Deinl 1532:p.115 1517:p.368 1502:p.262 1394:p.535 1367:p.266 1352:p.179 1337:p.631 1333:Geyer 1298:Scott 1251:(Mid- 1179:Banat 1082:Spain 974:Burma 691:, an 550:Moors 528:navel 453:Egypt 362:Cogni 332:Jesus 282:Sinis 234:torso 4113:list 3566:ISBN 3539:ISBN 3487:ISBN 3187:ISBN 2940:ISBN 2913:ISBN 2796:ISBN 2635:ASIN 2596:ISBN 2547:link 2455:ISBN 2390:p.50 2386:Anon 2345:p.73 2330:p.88 2315:p.89 2300:p.20 2224:Hahn 2141:p.44 2111:p.82 2054:p.22 1995:p.99 1904:p.82 1874:p.10 1844:p.79 1721:ISBN 1672:p.46 1592:p.42 1558:Foxe 1547:p.69 1441:p.95 1253:Lent 1209:Yama 1165:The 1021:sea. 950:and 884:. A 826:, a 822:The 794:The 683:The 665:emir 659:and 641:Asia 484:Copt 244:The 94:shah 2416:Lay 2356:Foy 1916:p.8 1562:p.5 830:or 106:by 96:of 64:). 4187:: 3768:. 2543:}} 2539:{{ 2222:" 2074:. 1999:b) 1997:" 1987:a) 1658:^ 1325:^ 1305:^ 1290:^ 1264:. 1185:, 857:, 753:, 440:, 382:, 334:, 156:: 3818:e 3811:t 3804:v 3790:. 3754:. 3738:. 3715:. 3697:. 3679:. 3652:. 3634:. 3616:. 3598:. 3580:. 3553:. 3526:. 3495:. 3472:. 3454:. 3436:. 3418:. 3400:. 3382:. 3364:. 3346:. 3328:. 3310:. 3292:. 3274:. 3256:. 3238:. 3220:. 3210:2 3201:. 3174:. 3155:. 3137:. 3118:. 3089:. 3071:. 3053:. 3035:. 3017:. 2990:. 2972:. 2954:. 2927:. 2900:. 2882:. 2864:. 2846:. 2828:. 2810:. 2783:. 2765:. 2746:. 2728:. 2710:. 2683:. 2665:. 2647:. 2622:. 2604:. 2585:. 2567:. 2549:) 2535:. 2517:. 2499:. 2481:. 2463:. 2009:" 1729:. 1284:. 1173:( 152:(

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index