2390:. This movement referred to as the Umbrella Movement started after China declined to provide a universal voting system, which would have allowed for the election of their own government, proposing a set of highly prohibitive reforms to the electoral system. This stirred Hong Kong protestors, many of whom were young revolutionary college students, into action. In late September, protesters flooded the streets in masses, bringing practically the entire city to a halt for seventy-nine whole days. The police used pepper spray, tear gas, and bare-handed assault to stop the protestors. It is from this that the 2014 occupations became known as the Umbrella Movement, coming from the fact that yellow umbrellas were the symbol for protestors who used them to shield against the police's pepper spray and tear gas. These protests lasted from late September to mid- December 2014.
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2054:, insisted this threatened Hong Kong's welfare by denying the city full democracy. A "Tomb of democracy" was established outside the building, with activists shouting "oppose the phony election". The activists were dragged away by the police and detained for four hours. Since 1997, as a result of the executive-led model preferred by Beijing and the lack of democratic accountability of the Chief Executive, and the marginalisation of the pro-democracy camp in the legislature by functional constituencies and split voting between constituency groups, giving pro-Beijing groups an effective veto over all motions, the pan-democrats have relied more on supervisory and control issues, backed by public opinion.
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Region may be implemented by the method of...universal suffrage... Appropriate amendments conforming to the principle of gradual and orderly progress may be made to the specific method for selecting the fourth Chief
Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in the year 2012 and the specific method for forming the fifth term Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in the year 2012 in accordance with the provisions of Articles 45 and 68, and those of Article 7 of Annex I and Article III of Annex II to the Basic Law
2563:. The Joint Declaration and the Basic Law state that Hong Kong's capitalist system and lifestyle shall remain for 50 years after its handover. They do not specify how Hong Kong will be governed after 2047, and the central government's role in determining the territory's future system of government is a subject of political debate and speculations. Hong Kong's political and judicial systems may be integrated with China's at that time, or the territory may continue to be administered separately. In 2023, Hong Kong was ranked 139 out of 179 according to
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of China (PRC). Patten had judged that: "People in Hong Kong are perfectly capable of taking a greater share in managing their own affairs in a way that is responsible, mature, restrained, sensible". During the final days of
British rule, the Patten administration legislated for labour rights and collective bargaining. However, the legislation was cancelled by the provisional legislature upon taking office in 1997. Patten's push for reform was strongly opposed at the time by vested interests within LegCo and by former ambassador to China
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2302:, head of the NPC's Hong Kong Basic Law Committee, said that the passage of the reform package would "create excellent conditions for universal suffrage in the future." Constitutional Affairs minister Stephen Lam insisted the 2012 electoral reform proposal is "more democratic than the 2005 package" rejected by LegCo, and more likely to advance the city's political system if approved. He said that the timetable of universal suffrage in 2017 and 2020 was not ideal, but was "a practical one that is accepted by over 60% of residents."
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councillors join the existing 800-member
Election Committee, making up a total of 1,200 members. The nominations threshold would be set at 50 EC members, and the candidate for CE would be elected in a one-person, one-vote election. Ultimately, the nomination committee would be scrapped. For the legislature, they proposed returning half of LegCo's seats by direct election in single-seat constituencies, with the other half determined by proportional representation.
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2370:. While notionally allowing for universal suffrage, the decision imposes the standard that "the Chief Executive shall be a person who loves the country and loves Hong Kong," and stipulates "the method for selecting the Chief Executive by universal suffrage must provide corresponding institutional safeguards for this purpose". The decision states that for the 2017 Chief Executive election, a nominating committee, mirroring the present 1,200-member
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2069:(DAB) spokesman Lau Kwong-wah set aside without explanation the party's 2012 declared goal for universal suffrage, one day after fellow DAB member Chan Kam-lam reiterated on the campaign trail the party's plan to amend the party platform for the third time to promise full democracy in 2012. On 26 April, Beijing reneged on earlier promises to allow Hong Kong the right to determine the timetable to universal suffrage. when the
1921:"full weight be given to representation of the economic and professional sectors essential to future confidence and prosperity of Hong Kong", the government proposed 12 legislators, who were – being members of the Legislative Council – elected by nine trade-based seats, or "functional bodies" – commercial, industrial, financial, labour, social services, education, legal, medical and engineering – the following year.
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2538:., which criminalises acts that were previously considered protected free speech under Hong Kong law and establishes the Office for Safeguarding National Security of the CPG in the HKSAR, an investigative office under Central People's Government authority immune from HKSAR jurisdiction. The United Kingdom considers the law to be a serious violation of the Joint Declaration.
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were highly publicised historical meetings between
Beijing representatives and Democratic Party and the Alliance. Four days before 23 June LegCo vote on the reform package, the official stance against the Democratic Party's compromise proposal softened considerably. Following a letter that Donald Tsang had written a letter the previous week to
2182:'s fourth report on political reform on 15 December launched a three-month consultation over the methods for electing the chief executive and the legislature in 2007–08. It looked into the size and composition of the Election Committee and LegCo. Tsang indicated he would not consider any proposals which were in conflict with the
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2510:. This bill would allow the transfer of fugitives to jurisdictions where formal extradition treaties did not exist, including Taiwan and mainland China. However, strong opposition from the general Hong Kong population halted the implementation of this bill. Political and social unrest ensued after the introduction of the bill.
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2623:, believes that while the pro-democracy movement has educated a hitherto apolitical Hong Kong public, it has failed to accomplish its main objective, and attributes this to the split between the older, pro-China but still anti-communist generation of Hong Kong activists and their younger, more separatist counterparts.
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Decision Of The
Standing Committee Of The National People's Congress On Issues Relating To The Methods For Selecting The Chief Executive Of The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region And For Forming The Legislative Council Of The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region In The Year 2012 And On Issues
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July 2009 – The League of Social
Democrats (LSD) proposed the 'Five Constituencies Resignation' plan in mid-July 2009. They proposed that LegCo members of the pan-democracy camp resign according to the size of their caucus in LegCo: 2 members from Democratic Party, 1 member from Civic Party, 1 member
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said that the government clearly indicated in its second report on constitutional development in
February that more than half of the local population had expectations of full democracy by 2007–08. He said the central government had already considered these wishes before delivering its April decision.
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raised a motion proposing a public referendum on whether people supported the government's 'go-slow proposals' or whether both elections should be by universal suffrage. The panel chairman stalled on the vote for more than 15 minutes, allowing the pro-government legislators to be called back to vote.
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Ultimately, however, Governor
Grantham allowed minor reform proposals and, as a result, two pre-war existing seats in the virtually powerless Urban Council were directly elected in 1952; this was doubled to four the following year. In 1956, the body became semi-elected but on a restricted franchise,
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sought the direct views of residents on the proposed membership of the
Sanitary Board. In the plebiscite taken of British residents, which excluded members of the Imperial and Civil Services, the vast majority favoured a board with a majority of members elected by residents. The plebiscite was seen
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Popular grassroots movements were regarded as being greatly discomforting by the authorities. When Asian workers rioted in 1884 after some of their number were fined for refusing to work for French traders, the Peace
Preservation Ordinance was enacted, outlawing membership of any organisation deemed
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had personally approved the revision, fearing further strengthening of the 'radical' pan-democrats in the event of a stalemate. With the Democratic Party support, the revised packages passed through LegCo after securing 46 votes on 24 and 25 June. The Civic Party, the League of Social Democrats, and
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said any reform package that increased the number of functional constituency seats was "regressive and unacceptable"; the Democratic Party counter-proposed that the five additional LegCo seats for the district council functional constituency be directly elected by proportional representation instead
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On 29 November, the motion tabled by Fernando Cheung before the full Legislative Council, calling for a referendum on the introduction of universal suffrage in 2007–08, was scuppered by the pro-Beijing camp – DAB, the Liberal Party and the Alliance – by 31 votes to 20. Three pan-democrats abstained.
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further promised the democratic process would start "in the years immediately ahead", but they stalled due to opposition from Beijing, local business interests as represented by Executive Council, and the British Foreign Office under the pretext that it would bring chaos to Hong Kong. Declaring that
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be formed to nominate two to three candidates, each of whom must receive the support of more than half of the members of the nominating committee. After the popular election of one of the nominated candidates, the Chief Executive-elect "will have to be appointed by the Central People's Government."
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Key proposals remained unchanged when Chief Secretary Henry Tang unveiled the package to be put before LegCo. He said the government tried to find the "maximum latitude to enhance the democratic elements of the two elections in 2012." He urged legislators to accept this 'golden opportunity' because
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The government issued its blueprint for the so-called 'district council model' for electing the chief executive and the legislature in 2007 and 2008. It suggests increasing the number of LegCo seats from 60 to 70. Of the 10 new seats, five would go to geographical constituencies. The remaining five
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indicates universal suffrage as the ultimate aim. However, they differ on the pace for implementing universal suffrage. The Pan-democrats, especially, have voiced concerns that small-circle elections and the undemocratic functional constituencies threaten Hong Kong's autonomy granted to them by the
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After the departure of Governor David Wilson in 1992, Chris Patten the new governor of Hong Kong, began moves to unilaterally democratise the territory by allowing for the election of half the Legislative Council by universal suffrage, and in the process incurring the wrath of the People's Republic
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was forgotten. Grantham convinced London to scrap all plans for political reform on the basis that it did not "interest the British electorate". Later, when confronted by the Hong Kong public, he blamed London. All major democratic reforms for Hong Kong were dropped by British Cabinet decision. In
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13 January 2008 – Pan-democrats gathered a petition of 10,000 signatures demanding universal suffrage in 2012. Pro-Beijing members have welcomed this decision to grant universal suffrage by 2017 as "expressing the wishes of the people", as has been written in the Chief Executive's report regarding
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The Standing Committee decision is set to be the basis for electoral reform crafted by the Legislative Council. Hundreds of suffragists gathered on the night of the Beijing announcement near the government offices to protest the decision. In an opinion poll carried out by the Chinese University of
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that the election of the fifth Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in the year 2017 may be implemented by universal suffrage; that after the Chief Executive is selected by universal suffrage, the election of the Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative
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of the Civic Party criticised Tien for his inconsistency and said, "The referendum proposed violates no article in the Basic Law. What it does is to allow each and every person in Hong Kong to speak for himself, directly and unequivocally, without the results being distorted by loaded questions or
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rejected holding a referendum, saying the government would not support any civil organisations who decided to hold an informal referendum. Li Gang of the Central Government Liaison Office in Hong Kong warned that advocating a referendum was in breach of the Basic Law, and that it would be "playing
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revised the proposals of 1949 with much support from Grantham. This alternative to the Young Plan, at first approved by the British Government at the end of 1950, was then shelved in 1951 at the recommendation of the Foreign Office. The Foreign Office was concerned that reform at the height of the
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In May, pro-democracy groups were reported to have been in contact with mainland officials for several months to discuss ideas for reform; they quoted officials as saying that a statement on electoral reform beyond 2012 will be made, conditional upon LegCo's approval of the current package. There
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1 January 2008 – Pan-democrats expressed regret about the rejection of universal suffrage in 2012, but said they would continue to fight for the early introduction of full democracy. They warned about "fake universal suffrage" being promised given that details of the 2017 and 2020 polls were not
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and approved by Legislative Council on 6 July 2023. The changes are officially effective from 10 July 2023. Previously returned by direct elections, the number of the elected seats will be significantly reduced to around 20 per cent, while each of the 40 per cent of the seats will be returned by
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which proposed to enlarge the Election Committee for the chief executive election from 800 members to 1,200 in 2012 and increasing the number of Legislative Council members from 60 to 70. It would also give elected District Council members more seats on the Election Committee and five of the new
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The bills on the amendments to the method for selecting the Chief Executive and the proposed amendments to such bills shall be introduced by the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region to the Legislative Council; such amendments must be made with the endorsement of a two-thirds
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bill that would criminalise disrespect of the anthem; the lawmakers argued over who should control the house committee in the legislature. Seven of these pro-democratic lawmakers, including six men and one woman, were detained by Hong Kong authorities in October 2020, on charges of contempt and
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resigned due to ill health. Grantham, a civil servant of many years' standing, was not a supporter of democratic reforms in Hong Kong. Grantham considered Young's plan ill-conceived as he mistrusted the Chinese and doubted their loyalty to Britain and the Crown. He could not see the Young Plan
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again said that a referendum was "inconsistent with the established legal procedures, is impractical and is misleading to the public." Cheung retorted that although the government claimed to want to hear the views of the public and respect its opinions, it is refusing a referendum out of fear.
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In July 2023, Hong Kong police issued arrest warrants for eight democracy activists living in the U.S., UK, and Australia. The warrants were issued just days after the third anniversary of a national security law that granted Hong Kong authorities extraterritorial powers to prosecute acts or
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was passed, which required registration of all organisations and resurrected the key test seen in the 1884 legislation for ruling them unlawful. The ordinance went further than its predecessor by explicitly targeting chambers of commerce. The administration was particularly concerned about
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In March 2007, the pan-democrats published their own blueprint, the 'mainstream transitional proposal' drawn up with the support of 21 legislators in accordance with the principles of equal and universal suffrage and as a reflection of public opinion. They proposed that 400 elected district
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April 2004 – DAB spokesman Lau Kwong-wah set aside without explanation the party's 2012 declared goal for universal suffrage, one day after fellow DAB Chan Kam-lam had reiterated while campaigning, the party's plan to amend the party platform for the third time to promise full democracy in
1956:
worked actively to stifle the implementation of direct elections for the legislature in 1988 by initially identifying supporters, fielding candidates and targeting opponents aiming to win at the district board elections. The Hong Kong government was criticised for manipulating the views of
2506:, on Taiwanese soil, however, since an extradition agreement did not exist between Hong Kong and Taiwan, Chan could not be prosecuted. As a result, Hong Kong's government introduced the 2019 Fugitive Offenders and Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Legislation Bill also known as
1704:
Hong Kong's non-elites repeatedly demonstrated their political engagement. They showed their unwillingness to come under government controls and took strike action frequently to protect their freedoms. General and coolie strikes erupted in 1844, 1858, 1862, 1863, 1872, 1888 and 1894.
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suppressing any activity which might contribute to Hong Kong playing an active role in the tumult across the border. The ordinance banned the free association of workers in unions, imposing restrictive bureaucracy on registration and stringent monitoring of meetings proposed.
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29 November 2004: A motion before LegCo proposed by Fernando Cheung calling for a referendum to gauge the views of the public on the introduction of universal suffrage in 2007–08 was scuppered by the pro-Beijing camp – DAB, the Liberal Party and the Alliance – by 31 votes to
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in November 1986. The rally was a milestone in Hong Kong's fledgling pro-democracy movement. One of the participating groups, calling themselves the 'group of 190', demanded direct elections for LegCo in 1988, and a faster pace of democratic development after the Handover.
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be changed to increase membership to 13 members, of whom five would be elected by landowners enjoying rents exceeding 10 pounds. This attempt at an extremely limited form of democracy (there were only 141 such electors, of whom half were non-British) was rejected by the
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In the absence of democratic legitimacy, the colonial government slowly implemented a system of formal advisory bodies, integrating interest groups into the policy-making process during the 1970s, which enabled grievances and controversies to be discussed and resolved.
1993:
The Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs reiterated the following year that the democratic election of all Legislative Council members by universal suffrage was "a question to be decided by the Hong Kong SAR itself and it needs no guarantee by the Chinese Government".
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19 June 2010 – Li Gang, deputy director of the central government's liaison office in Hong Kong, quoted (by Emily Lau) as saying the proposals did not contravene the NPCSC decision, effectively giving green light to the HK Government to endorse the Democratic Party
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did not back the referendum motion. Constitutional Affairs minister Stephen Lam said: "Apart from the procedures stated in the Basic Law, it would be inappropriate and unnecessary for us to add a further procedure to determine this question." Executive Councillor
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The process of forming the 2016 Legislative Council would be unchanged, but following the new process for the election of the Chief Executive, a new system to elect the Legislative Council via universal suffrage would be developed with the approval of Beijing.
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At the last minute, the government revised its offer aimed at securing votes for the blueprint's passage. The government promised to phase out one-third of the appointed seats, or 34, in 2008. The remaining two-thirds would be abolished no later than 2016.
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Hong Kong, only 36.1% of 802 people surveyed between 8–15 October accepted the NPCSC's decision but 55.6% were willing to accept it if the HKSAR Government democratised the nominating committee during the second phase of the public consultation period.
1848:, representing the CCP at the time, warned, however, that this "conspiracy" of self-governance would be a "very unfriendly act" and that the CCP wished the present colonial status of Hong Kong to continue. China was facing increasing isolation in a
1911:
was issued by the colonial government in July 1984. It included proposals aimed at developing a system of more localised government, which included the introduction of indirect elections to the LegCo (Legislative Council) the following year. The
2020:
argued that "Hong Kong's political development has lagged in the face of well-documented PRC efforts to impede progress toward direct elections, universal suffrage, and other democratizing reforms that Beijing fears might loosen its control."
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How Hong Kong develops democracy (Remember that the people did not have democracy under colonization of the British) in the future is a matter entirely within the sphere of Hong Kong's autonomy, and the central government cannot intervene.
5510:, Vol. 14, No. 1, Special Issue: Urban and Regional Governance in China (Spring 2014).hive.org/web/20110629154711/http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=15&art_id=3320&sid=4970081&con_type=1 "Building a backbone"
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2318:, counting 15 legislators as its members, asked for guarantees of the abolition of functional constituencies before they would accept an increase in the government's proposed district council functional constituencies. Chief Secretary
1961:, and faced with concern over the Beijing government, support for establishment parties fell and pro-democracy parties' fortunes rose. The Hong Kong government decided to introduce 18 directly elected seats to the legislature in 1991.
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with fire." Basic Law drafter Xiao Weiyun said a referendum could be seen as a mark of disrespect for the National People's Congress. While admitting a clear majority of Hong Kong people wanted universal suffrage in 2007 and 2008,
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In May 2020, chaos ensued and pro-democracy politicians in Hong Kong were dragged from the chamber by security guards during arguments over a new leader of the house committee being appointed by a pro-Beijing legislator at the
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Historically, Hong Kong was never an electoral democracy. In 1984, British and Chinese officials held discussions regarding indirect elections to the LegCo, but more comprehensive reforms were forestalled by Beijing until the
1952:. However, the proposal was ruled out after a government consultation concluded that people were 'sharply divided' over its introduction that year. As Xinhua stepped up its presence in Hong Kong by opening district offices,
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status of Hong Kong and ignored. Robinson flatly rejected it despite having initiated it, concluding that direct administration of the services could be "more effectively dealt with" by government than by an elected board.
1765:", believing that, "to counter the Chinese government's determination to recover Hong Kong, it was necessary to give local inhabitants a greater stake in the territory by widening the political franchise to include them."
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in Hong Kong and ensure a system of "patriots governing Hong Kong". The move was seen by many in the West as giving Beijing more control over the region's electoral outcomes and further reducing the influence of the
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enlarged from 1200 people to 1500 people, Legislative Council increased from 70 seats to 90 seats, but the proportion of directly elected Legislative Council seats reduced from 35 seats (50%) to 20 seats (22%), the
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1742:, provided a communication channel between the management of foreign hongs and their workers, but entirely for the benefit of the labour contractors. Workers were powerless and roundly exploited under the system.
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tendered their resignations on 26 January 2010, with effect from 29 January 2010. The HK government and Beijing representatives labelled them 'radicals' and said the "so-called referendum" had no legal grounding.
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Joseph Yu-shek (pp. 199–232). [http://www.bath.ac.uk/polis/documents/events/joseph-yu-shek-cheng-emergence-of-radical-politics.pdf "The Emergence of Radical Politics in Hong Kong: Causes and Impact".
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2468: with: pan-democrats' "35+" attempt to win majority in legislature and influence administration's policy following success in DC election, and response from Beijing against such plan. You can help by
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which had expanded from some 9,000 registered voters in 1952 to only about 250,000 eligible voters 14 years later. Eligibility reached about half a million in 1981 but only 34,381 bothered to register.
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At the second meeting of the new Legislative Council Constitutional Affairs Panel on 15 November, chairman Lui Ming-wah once again deferred voting on the motion brought over from the previous month.
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proposed a 48-member Municipal Council with significant competence to govern, one-third elected by non-Chinese, one third by Chinese institutions and one-third by Chinese individuals, known as the "
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would object to democratic changes in Hong Kong, but that Grantham's plan would give them reason to complain that the reforms were "undemocratic". British-educated lawyer and unofficial legislator
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stormed the streets of Hong Kong and in July 2019 protestors forced their way into Hong Kong's parliament. Ultimately, the Extradition Bill of 2019 was withdrawn and protests ended shortly after.
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Although full universal suffrage was never granted by the British to its colony before the handover in 1997, some democratic reform began in 1984. Following the historic meeting in 1979 between
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However, the meeting descended into chaos and no vote was taken; the meeting was adjourned to the following month. Democrats called on Lui to resign from his post for his abuse of procedure.
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said Beijing's proposals were "full of blanks" and contained no concrete details. "I do not see Hong Kong with genuine democracy in 10 years more or 20 years more. It is just a mirage."
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2611:, Kevin Yam, Mung Siu-tat and Yuan Gong-yi; they are accused of continuing to violate the national security law while in exile, which carries a potential life sentence if convicted.
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Martin Lee was concerned that Beijing may not have been aware of the strength of public opinion in Hong Kong on the matter of universal suffrage. Secretary for Constitutional Affairs
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14 April 2010 – The government issued a revised package, to be put before LegCo before the summer recess; Democratic Party counter-proposed 'one-person, two votes' model for LegCo
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Basic Law. As the new Chief Executive, Tung Chee-hwa ruled out free, direct elections for another 10 to 15 years. He put forth 2012 as a possible date of universal suffrage.
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remarked that both proposals for LegCo and for the Chief Executive "hedged in with so many ifs and buts that there is no guarantee of Hong Kong getting anything at all... "
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on the basis that the territories were "entirely within China's sovereign right", resulting in Hongkongers losing their right to self-determination under international law.
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to fill a new legislature saw only 20 seats directly elected, with the remainder determined by a layered selection procedure designed to ensure maximum representation by
1974:. Patten's moves created a hostile climate that lasted until Hong Kong's handover to China in 1997. Nevertheless, Patten extracted undertakings from a PRC representative:
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May 1987 – Hong Kong government releases green paper on development of representative government, which suggests direct election to LegCo as option for following year
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was ambushed by pan-democrats in a surprise vote on constitutional reforms. After debating for over three hours, when democrats outnumbered pro-government lawmakers,
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said the government would consider scrapping appointed district councillors if sufficient opposition lawmakers promise to support the 2012 political reform package.
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In January 2010, five pan-democrat legislators resigned from their post as part of the 'Five Constituencies Resignation' as had been mooted since the previous July.
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for their political beliefs and many were excluded on the basis that their views were "unconstitutional". Those excluded included Yeung Ke-cheong, leader of the
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in 2017 as long as the candidates are nominated by a committee was feared by critics to be too favourable to Beijing. Disaffected students triggered the ensuing
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In 1987, many surveys indicated that there was more than 60% popular support for direct elections. The government, under governor David Wilson, issued another
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5637:"The Promise of Democratization in Hong Kong: The 2007 District Council Elections, Legislative Council By-election, and Prospects for Constitutional Reform"
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Relating To Universal Suffrage (Adopted By The Standing Committee Of The Tenth National People's Congress At Its Thirty-First Session On 29 December 2007)
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have said that the development of democracy in Hong Kong is not a top priority and that the Hong Kong government should focus on livelihood issues first.
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5691:(15 April 2010) – English translation of a speech given by Qiao Xiaoyang, head of the NPC's Hong Kong Basic Law committee, in Beijing on 15 April 2010.
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The Legislative Council set up by Patten to be partially elected by universal suffrage was dismantled by the PRC and replaced by an entirely unelected
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liberated" should the status quo (i.e. colonial administration) be changed. The warning killed any democratic development for the next three decades.
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More recently, in 2019, protests broke out over the mainland's proposed Extradition Bill in 2019. In February 2018, Hong Kong citizen, Chan Tong-kai,
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1863:, a senior Chinese official in charge of Hong Kong affairs, said in 1960 that China "shall not hesitate to take positive action to have Hong Kong,
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5947:
5856:
2305:
The 18 remaining pro-democracy legislators intimated their preparedness to vote down the package if no further progress was made on democracy.
1840:
Records declassified in 2014 show discussions about self-government between British and Hong Kong governments resumed in 1958, prompted by the
4387:
4122:
6254:
5487:
5338:
4942:
2949:
1585:
1557:
1430:
988:
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8169:
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said a ballot would cause worry and embarrassment to Beijing because of its associations with a Taiwanese referendum earlier in the year.
7688:
6501:
6470:
6229:
3460:
1738:
In the 1920s, workers were organised through labour-contractors who, in parallel with the trading system which enriched the all-powerful
291:
principle allows Hong Kong to enjoy high autonomy in all areas besides foreign relations and defence, which are responsibilities of the
7980:
7836:
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915:
683:
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8221:
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6546:
6415:
3396:
2382:
Student groups led a class boycott and protest outside Central Government Offices in late September of that year, triggering the
2367:
2025:
5291:
5172:
4766:
8216:
8206:
7657:
6285:
5800:
2948:: District council seat reduced from 479 to 470, while the direct elected seat reduced from 452 (94%) to 88 seats (19%), a new
2938:
2489:
2421:
1536:
1481:
1039:
932:
404:
335:
7728:
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3800:
7985:
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6368:
6010:
5982:
5564:
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3687:
Chan, Ming K. (1997). The Challenge of Hong Kong's Reintegration With China. Hong Kong University Press. Hong Kong (China).
1541:
1282:
1044:
878:
626:
52:
7779:
7459:
7337:
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2143:(accountancy), declared they would abstain in the vote, denying suggestions they were under pressure to change their vote.
1519:
1083:
424:
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7862:
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2007:
1949:
1822:
1659:
1546:
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1487:
1475:
1457:
1287:
1232:
725:
2799:
said "Hong Kong is part of China, some people are mistaken if they think Hong Kong could have its own political system."
2651:
November 1986 – More than 1,000 people join mass rally at Ko Shan Theatre, demanding faster pace of democracy after 1997
287:
Democratic reforms in Hong Kong did not seriously begin until 1984 and has faced significant challenges since 2014. The
7801:
7454:
7424:
7370:
7347:
7166:
5627:
5433:
1103:
840:
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674:
622:
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4849:
4097:"Public Consultation on the Methods for Selecting the Chief Executive and for Forming the Legislative Council in 2012"
7913:
6244:
3692:
3223:
3198:
3131:
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1958:
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7290:
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1689:
1267:
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1128:
761:
563:
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101:
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1813:
would trigger propaganda campaigns by the Communists and could be used by them as an excuse to reclaim Hong Kong.
7877:
7784:
7513:
7390:
7307:
7280:
6636:
5998:
5795:
5764:
5759:
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2747:, visited Hong Kong to rule out universal suffrage being introduced by 2012. About 700 protesters marched to the
2727:
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2551:
2507:
2315:
2292:
2169:
2003:
1945:
1446:
1034:
830:
784:
581:
476:
105:
5660:(2007), ch10. Agnes Shuk-mei Ku, Associate Professor of Social Sciences, HK University of Science and Technology
2904:
saw all elected constituencies democratically elected, with all appointed seats were abolished in this election.
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Democracy activists – pressure groups, religious groups and community organisations – attended a mass rally at
1913:
1801:
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1501:
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16 December 2004: Hong Kong government launches public consultation on electoral methods for 2007–08 elections
8021:
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5845:
3423:
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888:
770:
549:
140:
2779:
from LSD and 1 member from the 4 independent democrats to force a de fact referendum on universal suffrage.
2408:
1957:
Beijing-friendly groups to ensure that no clear mandate for direct elections in 1988 emerged. Following the
1697:
on the basis that Chinese residents had no respect "for the main principles upon which social order rests."
7990:
7933:
7395:
7327:
7322:
7302:
6480:
4671:"How Protests Evolve: Hong Kong's Anti-Extradition Movement and Lessons Learned from the Umbrella Movement"
2696:
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1953:
1841:
1425:
1407:
1365:
1315:
1305:
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983:
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Joint Secretariat for the Advisory Bodies on Civil Service and Judicial Salaries and Conditions of Service
8164:
8074:
8045:
7960:
7883:
7755:
7224:
6408:
5671:
4438:
4296:
Wong, Albert (26 April 2010). "Pan-democrat alliance indicates it will reject political reform package",
2748:
2093:
At the first meeting of the new Legislative Council Constitutional Affairs Panel on 18 October, chairman
1709:
1320:
1222:
811:
4640:"Hong Kong pro-democracy activist runs for China's legislature, claiming support for Xi Jinping thought"
4176:
3655:
2785:
Consultation Document on the Methods for Selecting the Chief Executive and for Forming the LegCo in 2012
2245:
Consultation Document on the Methods for Selecting the Chief Executive and for Forming the LegCo in 2012
2239:
Consultation Document on the Methods for Selecting the Chief Executive and for Forming the LegCo in 2012
1916:
stated that "the legislature of the shall be constituted by elections"; then British Foreign Secretary
7891:
7204:
6698:
5932:
2845:
2772:
2257:
1277:
1272:
1238:
4522:
3573:
7708:
7698:
7678:
7491:
6688:
6651:
6249:
4407:
4046:
Leung, Ambrose; Hung, Denise & Lee, Klaudia (3 Mar 2007) "Democrats agree on suffrage road map",
2934:
2111:
1468:
1452:
1345:
1006:
998:
855:
845:
802:
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752:
500:
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1563:
509:
490:
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296:
288:
1701:"incompatible with the peace and good order of the colony". Censorship was imposed on the press.
8159:
8151:
8095:
8000:
7673:
7622:
7596:
6804:
6495:
6003:
5921:
4096:
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2115:
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1094:
779:
529:
372:
320:
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4973:
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3666:
1816:
By 1952, the post-war recession began to take its toll on Hong Kong and the 1946 pledge of wide
8079:
8051:
7907:
7159:
6854:
6616:
6588:
6563:
6524:
6443:
6333:
5790:
5725:
5529:"Historical Origins of the Hong Kong Model of Democracy and Interactions with the China Factor"
4854:
3062:
2907:
July 2016 – Exclusion of legislative council election candidates on basis of political beliefs.
2555:
2011:
1762:
1622:
1617:
1420:
1395:
1300:
1207:
1187:
820:
467:
395:
339:
34:
4553:"'Political reform is dead,' says veteran commentator Joseph Lian – Hong Kong Free Press HKFP"
3586:
Cheung, Gary (18 Jan 2010), "Functional seats plan mooted a month after Deng, MacLehose met",
7652:
7275:
6949:
6646:
6328:
6323:
6234:
5467:"Too soon to talk about 2047? Legal experts split on when Hong Kong should debate its future"
3494:"Hong Kong's Lost Right to Self-Determination: a Denial of Due Process in the United Nations"
3072:
2221:
majority of all the members of the Legislative Council and the consent of the Chief Executive
2120:
1828:
announced that the time was "inopportune for...constitutional changes of a major character".
1772:
1390:
1360:
1330:
1217:
740:
366:
308:
5528:
2699:, thereby dramatically reducing the extent of democratic participation in government bodies.
2595:
comments made anywhere in the world that it deems criminal. Arrest warrants were issued for
323:. Afterwards, democratic development was no longer prioritised by the Hong Kong government.
8087:
8056:
7995:
7849:
7219:
7019:
6914:
6338:
5647:"State Power, Political Theatre and Reinvention of the Pro-democracy Movement in Hong Kong"
2061:, which took place on 1 July 2003 and attracted half a million marchers, Beijing appointed
2016:
1776:
1758:
1627:
1612:
1607:
973:
873:
635:
5862:
Public Offices (Candidacy and Taking Up Offices) (Miscellaneous Amendments) Ordinance 2021
5646:
4477:"Hong Kong 'Occupy' leader Benny Tai admits protest out of control amid traffic paralysis"
2527:
interfering with members of the council. None of the pro-Beijing lawmakers were arrested.
1757:
In 1946, shortly after the war, critical voices were raised against colonialism. Governor
1749:
and included eight appointed non-Official members, including three of Chinese extraction.
8:
7955:
7632:
7199:
7074:
7064:
6964:
6869:
6809:
6745:
6656:
6519:
6432:
6015:
5826:
5357:
2664:
1731:
1335:
883:
292:
4453:"Public Opinion & Political Development in Hong Kong Survey Results (Press Release)"
8127:
8064:
7965:
7745:
7189:
6849:
6839:
6824:
6508:
6394:
5362:
4728:
4698:
3057:
2929:
2767:'s delay of universal suffrage to 2017 was held by 22,000 people. The march went from
2371:
2175:
would be elected by 529 district council members, including 102 government appointees.
2029:
1817:
1768:
1400:
1375:
1340:
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5410:
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5381:
5288:
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5091:
4758:
4702:
4690:
4583:"Political reform will inevitably bring conflict, says leadership hopeful Carrie Lam"
3688:
3662:
3219:
3194:
3127:
3102:
3077:
2895:
2387:
1793:
1727:
1385:
1380:
1350:
1073:
850:
224:
216:
2435:
Candidates for election to the legislative council in 2016 were pre-screened by the
1852:
world and the party needed Hong Kong for contacts and trade with the outside world.
8136:
8016:
7975:
7949:
7923:
7868:
7817:
7723:
7718:
7647:
7249:
7194:
5540:
5376:
5371:
4682:
4074:
3669:
3021:
2702:
1 July 2003 – 500,000 join the historic march against the proposed codification of
2636:, which proposes the introduction of indirect Legislative Council elections in 1985
2337:
1904:
1825:
1641:
1355:
1325:
993:
927:
697:
388:
3191:
Chinese Business Groups in Hong Kong and Political Change in South China 1900–1925
7943:
7617:
7405:
6454:
6437:
5694:
5678:
5653:
5521:
5321:
5295:
5259:
5233:
5208:
4670:
4347:
4281:
4258:
4232:
4209:
4183:
4126:
4103:
4081:
4031:
3994:
3967:
3943:
3919:
3895:
3868:
3827:
3808:
3783:
3760:
Ching, Frank (20 September 2010) "Historical context may clarify reform debate",
3744:
3515:
3467:
3035:
2995:
2825:
2275:
2098:
1933:
1868:
1694:
1370:
585:
202:
5572:
Functional Constituencies: A Unique Feature of the Hong Kong Legislative Council
5391:
5024:
4686:
3722:
Moving Millions: The Commercial Success and Political Controversies of Hong Kong
2982:
An estimated 22,000 protesters were present during the 2008 march for democracy.
2751:, where Mr Qiao was to brief lawmakers and district councillors on the decision.
8069:
7750:
7733:
7713:
7703:
7214:
7209:
6514:
5116:
3706:
Political Development in Hong Kong: State, Political Society, and Civil Society
3049:
1797:
897:
186:
2867:
corrected herself, saying the proposals did not contravene the NPCSC decision.
2634:
Green Paper: the Further Development of Representative Government in Hong Kong
2358:
On 31 August 2014, the tenth session of the Standing Committee in the twelfth
1909:
Green Paper: the Further Development of Representative Government in Hong Kong
338:
voted in March 2021 to amend Annex I and II of the Basic Law, overhauling the
8200:
7234:
7123:
6449:
6239:
5385:
5128:
5095:
4850:"Hong Kong National Security Law Promulgated, Came into Effect June 30, 2020"
4790:"Harsh Penalties, Vaguely Defined Crimes: Hong Kong's Security Law Explained"
4694:
3565:
2744:
2692:
2299:
2147:
2106:
2062:
2051:
1971:
1917:
1900:
1860:
1746:
1201:
1172:
937:
30:
5544:
8119:
8111:
5643:, 27 December 2007, National Democratic Institute for International Affairs
4404:"Full text of NPC decision on universal suffrage for HKSAR chief selection"
2999:
2910:
2019 – Universal suffrage has been cited as one of the five demands of the
2829:
2792:
2671:
2494:
2020 Hong Kong Legislative Council candidates' disqualification controversy
2404:
2016 Hong Kong Legislative Council candidates' disqualification controversy
2279:
2179:
2094:
2047:
1885:
recognized as the sole legitimate representative of China to the UN in 1971
1714:
1685:
1141:
312:
158:
6626:
3988:"Votes of pro-Beijing parties dash the slim referendum hopes of democrats"
3122:
Munn, Christopher Munn (2012). May Holdsworth and Christopher Munn (ed.).
1796:, democratic reform in Hong Kong was no longer a priority for London. The
7239:
7133:
6641:
6631:
5084:"Hong Kong issues arrest warrants for eight overseas democracy activists"
2864:
2813:
2604:
2306:
2263:
2156:
2131:
On 14 November, three pro-democracy functional constituency legislators,
2124:
1591:
Hong Kong–Taiwan Economic and Cultural Co-operation and Promotion Council
5962:
3029:
2456:
2314:
of block voting. 'Moderate' pan-democrats formed an umbrella group, the
7229:
6485:
4883:"UK says China's security law is serious violation of Hong Kong treaty"
3673:
3541:
Cheung, Gary (14 November 2009), "Universal suffrage an elusive goal",
2821:
2817:
2756:
2596:
2429:
2327:
2319:
2271:
2267:
2132:
1929:, later to become leading democrats, were among those elected in 1985.
1922:
1887:, it successfully moved in 1972 to remove Hong Kong and Macau from the
1845:
1810:
1805:
1789:
60:
4177:
Hong Kong MPs quit in attempt to push Beijing towards direct elections
3605:"How Hong Kong's business elite have thwarted democracy for 150 years"
2763:
democratic development for the Region. A peaceful protest against the
7928:
5057:"Hong Kong's district councils to be chaired by government officials"
2340:
2310:
2140:
2043:
1926:
1844:
and growing anti-colonial sentiment in the remaining Crown Colonies.
1739:
613:
576:
342:
in a move widely seen as a further reduction on the influence of the
6737:
5226:
HK has historical responsibility to implement political reform: Lam.
4943:"Beijing Prepares Hong Kong Election Laws, Further Erasing Freedoms"
4374:
Cheung, Gary (22 Jun 2010) "Beijing's U-turn 'to thwart radicals'",
3803:." 19 May 2004. Government of Hong Kong. Retrieved 8 January 2008.
7175:
4362:
Cheung, Gary (4 May 2010). "Beijing hints at way ahead on reform",
2600:
2425:
2042:
to govern Hong Kong after 1997. Pro-democracy activists, including
1937:
1849:
594:
247:
172:
4458:. Chinese University of Hong Kong. 22 October 2014. Archived from
3099:
Free Trade's First Missionary: Sir John Bowring in Europe and Asia
2889:
Amendment to method for forming the Hong Kong Legislative Council
2608:
2576:
government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR)
2424:, Mainland Government officials, along with then Chief Executive
1982:
1864:
4913:"Demanding Loyalty, China Moves to Overhaul Hong Kong Elections"
2067:
Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong
5202:"Activists receive community service for assaulting policeman."
5151:"The Failure of the Democracy Movement in Hong Kong: 1984–2020"
4609:"Now not the time for Hong Kong electoral reform, says Beijing"
4428:
2691:
31 December 1999 – Chief Executive Tung Chee-hwa abolishes the
2970:
Protesters urged that "Democracy delayed is democracy denied".
2848:; The five democrats who resigned earlier was voted to return.
2530:
However, during a period of large-scale protests in 2020, the
2498:
2021 arrests of Hong Kong pro-democracy primaries participants
2080:
and the Hong Kong Government agree on the interpretation that
1574:
Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement
8144:
6490:
5871:
5173:"Why this lawmaker isn't worth as much as those he belittles"
4388:"Hong Kong Lawmakers Approve Tsang's Election Plan" (Update1)
2832:
submitted their resignations, with effect on 29 January 2010.
2347:
2202:
2057:
Following a massive protest against a proposal to implement
311:
in 1997. While the number of elected seats has increased, a
7144:
4729:"Hong Kong: Lawmakers carried out during parliament mayhem"
950:
5681:
HK Economic & Trade Office in San Francisco, July 2007
4523:"A refresher course on Hong Kong's 2014 Umbrella Movement"
8181:
Art in the women's suffrage movement in the United States
5504:
5358:"Is Hong Kong Developing a Democratic Political Culture?"
3246:
3244:
555:
Committee for Safeguarding National Security of the HKSAR
358:
266:
252:
238:
3367:"The Secret History of Hong Kong's Democratic Stalemate"
3424:"The secret history of Hong Kong's stillborn democracy"
2065:
to oversee policy issues for Hong Kong. In April 2004,
6260:
2020 detainment of Hong Kong residents at sea by China
4820:"Legislation Summary: Hong Kong National Security Law"
4025:"Push to change democracy timetable 'a waste of time'"
3241:
3232:
2639:
September 1984 – British and Chinese governments sign
709:
Working Family and Student Financial Assistance Agency
6596:
Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office Certification Act
5278:. "Tsang's 2020 vision." Retrieved on 1 January 2008.
5045:
Democracy Report 2023, page 43, V-Dem Institute, 2023
3331:
3295:
2882:
Amendment to method for selecting the Chief Executive
2400:
Hong Kong Legislative Council oath-taking controversy
1889:
United Nations list of non-self-governing territories
1745:
In 1936, the Sanitary Board was reconstituted as the
221:
207:
191:
177:
163:
7901:
Centenary of Women's Suffrage Commemorative Fountain
4500:"Occupy Central Launches Hong Kong Protest Campaign"
4429:
Buckley, Chris; Forsythe, Michael (31 August 2014).
4422:
4406:. Xinhua News Agency. 31 August 2014. Archived from
3889:
Ng tells Beijing to butt out of democracy referendum
3283:
3273:
3271:
3011:
2741:
Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
2714:
Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
2532:
Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
2184:
Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
2071:
Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
5817:
White Paper on District Administration in Hong Kong
3319:
3307:
3256:
3152:
History of the Laws and Courts of Hong Kong, Vol. 2
2251:
1831:
5724:
5445:"The case for extending Hong Kong's 2047 deadline"
5407:Social Movements and Political Reform in Hong Kong
4974:"Will 2047 Be the End of Hong Kong as We Know It?"
4396:
4386:Balfour, Frederik & Lui, Marco (25 Jun 2010).
3599:
3597:
3595:
2243:On 18 November 2009, the government published the
2073:(NPCSC) ruled out universal suffrage before 2012.
1079:Office of the Government Chief Information Officer
731:Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department
65:Democracy protesters on 13 January 2008 demanding
5426:The A to Z of the Hong Kong SAR and the Macao SAR
4023:Yau, Cannix & Ng, Michael (16 December 2004)
3632:
3630:
3498:NYLS Journal of International and Comparative Law
3268:
2782:18 November 2009 – The Government published the "
2716:(NPCSC) rules out universal suffrage before 2012.
2286:
8198:
6662:Memorials for the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests
4308:
4145:
4011:Yeung, Chris (21 Dec 2005) OpEd: "Crunch time",
3937:"Referendum hit by loss of 3 pro-democrat votes"
2846:By-elections for the resigned legislators' seats
1569:Office of the Government of the HKSAR in Beijing
8186:Music and women's suffrage in the United States
7807:Women's suffrage organizations and publications
5314:Debate rages at prospect of one man, two votes.
5022:
4469:
3592:
3560:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3552:
3550:
3537:
3535:
3533:
2344:one resigned Democrat opposed the resolutions.
2014:at the expense of pan-democrats. An article in
1792:'s communists defeated the nationalists in the
1721:
947:Hong Kong Economic and Trade Offices (Overseas)
7694:National Women's Rights Convention (1850–1869)
5857:Legislative Council (Amendment) Ordinance 2012
5488:"Hong Kong marches for 'one person, one vote'"
4759:"Hong Kong pro-democracy politicians arrested"
4431:"China Restricts Voting Reforms for Hong Kong"
4246:
4244:
3732:
3730:
3639:
3627:
3476:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3449:
3421:
3364:
2674:announces reform package for 1994–95 elections
7160:
6753:
5948:
5710:
4087:, 11 January 2008. Retrieved 14 January 2008.
2950:District Council Eligibility Review Committee
2765:National People's Congress Standing Committee
2446:
2033:
1713:by the Secretary of State as a threat to the
1660:
1586:Hong Kong Economic, Trade and Cultural Office
989:Electrical and Mechanical Services Department
145:
131:
5339:"Hong Kong marchers call for Democracy Now!"
5081:
5016:
4812:
3716:
3714:
3708:, p. 129. Hong Kong University Press (2007).
3580:
3547:
3530:
3149:
979:Civil Engineering and Development Department
6502:Liberate Hong Kong, revolution of our times
6364:Controversies of the Hong Kong Police Force
6230:Storming of the Legislative Council Complex
5424:Chan, Ming K.; Lo, Sonny Shiu-Hing (2010).
5082:Hawkins, Amy; Hurst, Daniel (3 July 2023).
4971:
4935:
4905:
4241:
4106:. Government of Hong Kong, 18 November 2009
4090:
3727:
3446:
2872:Audrey Eu and Donald Tsang televised debate
2298:there was no room for further concessions.
2193:
2088:
1964:
7837:Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst Memorial
7167:
7153:
6760:
6746:
5963:
5955:
5941:
5717:
5703:
5672:Constitutional reform green paper unveiled
5495:"Political Party Development in Hong Kong"
5302:, 31 July 2009. Retrieved 20 January 2010.
4114:
4112:
4070:
4068:
3821:Hong Kong Chief Faces Crisis of Legitimacy
3461:"Hong Kong Democracy Standoff, Circa 1960"
2937:functional seats were excluded, and a new
2632:July 1984 – Hong Kong government releases
1667:
1653:
1147:List of Members of the Legislative Council
1065:Innovation, Technology and Industry Bureau
1016:Financial Services and the Treasury Bureau
654:Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Bureau
8170:Women's Suffrage Centennial silver dollar
5852:Green Paper on Constitutional Development
5404:
5375:
4787:
4252:Poll plan a big step forward, insists Lam
4197:
4195:
4007:
4005:
3711:
3698:
3250:
3126:. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
3101:. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
2902:2015 Hong Kong District Council elections
2735:Green Paper on Constitutional Development
2728:Government proposal for 2007–08 elections
2441:Democratic Progressive Party of Hong Kong
2348:2014 NPCSC decision on universal suffrage
2207:On 29 December 2007, the NPCSC resolved:
2203:2007 NPCSC decision on universal suffrage
1883:After the People's Republic of China was
736:Food and Environmental Hygiene Department
7741:1920 United States presidential election
6559:Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act
5252:Pan-democrats keep up momentum for 2012.
4675:Mobilization: An International Quarterly
3813:
3564:
3352:The Government and Politics of Hong Kong
3145:
3143:
2587:indirect elections and appointed by the
2407:
2186:'s veto of universal suffrage in April.
916:Commerce and Economic Development Bureau
684:Leisure and Cultural Services Department
7981:Women's Rights National Historical Park
6547:Prohibition on Face Covering Regulation
5331:
4311:"Vow to sink early move on reform plan"
4109:
4065:
4062:, Hong Kong Legal Information Institute
3982:
3980:
3883:
3881:
3771:
3769:
3683:
3681:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3163:
3161:
3096:
706:University Grants Committee Secretariat
14:
8199:
7658:Suffragette bombing and arson campaign
5503:De Golyer, Michael (13 October 2005).
5464:
5442:
5423:
5010:
4998:
4520:
4498:Steger, Isabella (27 September 2014).
4497:
4341:"Tang ready to cut – a deal on reform"
4275:Pan-democrats set to vote down package
4192:
4002:
3847:. Retrieved 3 May 2010. Archived from
3833:
3724:. University of Hong kong Press (2008)
3491:
3349:
3337:
3213:
3176:The Guangzhou-Hong Kong Strike 1925–26
2939:Candidate Eligibility Review Committee
2853:Pan-democrats negotiation with Beijing
2802:1 January 2010 – Thousands attend the
2667:endorsed by National People's Congress
2647:Indirect elections introduced to LegCo
2490:2020 Hong Kong pro-democracy primaries
2414:jailed Hong Kong pro-democracy leaders
2393:
2232:
2163:
2128:through an arbitrary interpretation."
1688:proposed that the constitution of the
933:Office of the Communications Authority
268:
223:
7699:Trial of Susan B. Anthony (1872–1873)
7514:International Woman Suffrage Alliance
7148:
6767:
6741:
6369:Independent Police Complaints Council
5936:
5698:
5617:
5598:
5356:Béja, Jean-Philippe (February 2007).
5243:
5217:
5195:
5183:from the original on 13 November 2015
4880:
4788:Hernández, Javier C. (30 June 2020).
4637:
4368:
4141:
4139:
3961:Tense referendum debate ends in chaos
3953:
3754:
3354:. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press.
3325:
3313:
3301:
3289:
3262:
3188:
3140:
2619:Yi-Zheng Lian, a former professor at
2504:murdered his girlfriend Poon Hiu-wing
349:
8052:"The March of the Women" (1910 song)
7780:List of suffragists and suffragettes
7643:Women's Coronation Procession (1911)
6712:
6569:2020 Hong Kong national security law
5355:
5148:
4769:from the original on 1 November 2020
4650:from the original on 5 December 2017
4619:from the original on 1 November 2017
4563:from the original on 1 November 2017
4521:Lahiri, Tripti (27 September 2019).
4302:
4146:Chiang, Scarlett (22 January 2010).
3977:
3929:
3913:Exco member tells of referendum fear
3905:
3878:
3766:
3678:
3656:Hong Kong's Democrats Hold Their Own
3615:from the original on 3 November 2014
3570:"Hong Kong, City of Broken Promises"
3434:from the original on 24 October 2014
3377:from the original on 20 October 2014
3173:
3158:
3150:Norton-Kyshe, James William (1898).
3121:
2450:
1752:
1084:Innovation and Technology Commission
5979:democratic development in Hong Kong
5912:Democratic development in Hong Kong
5588:Pepper, Suzanne (10 January 2007).
5569:
5493:Chung, Christine (7 January 2006).
5443:Cheung, Stephanie (23 March 2015).
4589:from the original on 6 January 2018
4483:. 28 September 2014. Archived from
4148:"Eu denies polls independence ploy"
3862:"Referendum is 'playing with fire'"
3841:Vote rebuff brings chaos to chamber
3777:"Referendum is 'playing with fire'"
3514:
3277:
1800:was concerned not so much that the
1532:Hong Kong Economic and Trade Office
1476:List of constituencies of Hong Kong
726:Environmental Protection Department
336:National People's Congress of China
299:allows residents to vote for local
46:Democratic development in Hong Kong
24:
8022:National Voting Rights Museum (US)
7986:Women's Suffrage National Monument
7802:Historiography of the Suffragettes
7756:Selma to Montgomery marches (1965)
6416:El pueblo unido jamás será vencido
5685:Door to universal suffrage is open
5526:
4980:from the original on 18 March 2022
4923:from the original on 10 March 2021
4751:
4668:
4309:Chiang, Scarlett (26 April 2010).
4136:
3819:Kootnikoff, David (21 June 2005),
3801:Dialogue, consensus, key to reform
3738:"Support fades for 2012 elections"
3661:Volume 20, Number 1. January 2009
3422:Gwynn Guilford (10 October 2014).
3415:
3365:Gwynn Guilford (14 October 2014).
2686:First post-Handover LegCo election
2422:2014–15 Hong Kong electoral reform
1537:Hong Kong–United Kingdom relations
826:Hong Kong Fire Services Department
675:Culture, Sports and Tourism Bureau
667:Offices in the Mainland and Taiwan
25:
8233:
7914:Turning Point Suffragist Memorial
6281:2021 Legislative Council election
6011:Hong Kong–Mainland China conflict
5983:Hong Kong–Mainland China conflict
5665:
4953:from the original on 6 March 2021
4669:Ho, Ming-sho (1 September 2020).
4075:"Hong Kong on the march – again."
3124:Dictionary of Hong Kong Biography
2840:2010 March for universal suffrage
2808:26 January 2010 – As part of the
2659:Tiananmen Square protests of 1989
2541:
2364:2016 Legislative Council election
1959:Tiananmen Square protests of 1989
1542:Hong Kong–United States relations
1431:Registration and Electoral Office
969:Architectural Services Department
663:Registration and Electoral Office
254:hoeng1 gong2 man4 zyu2 wan6 dung6
53:Hong Kong–Mainland China conflict
8065:"Sister Suffragette" (1964 song)
7863:Women's Rights Pioneers Monument
7709:Woman Suffrage Procession (1913)
7679:Declaration of Sentiments (1848)
7128:
7119:
7118:
6722:
6721:
6711:
6359:Allegations of police misconduct
5533:Hong Kong's Indigenous Democracy
5486:Chong, Agnes (8 December 2005).
4972:Iain Marlow (30 December 2019).
4893:from the original on 2 July 2020
4862:from the original on 2 July 2020
4830:from the original on 2 July 2020
4800:from the original on 1 July 2020
4739:from the original on 18 May 2020
4709:from the original on 25 May 2022
4533:from the original on 18 May 2021
3986:Ng, Michael (30 November 2004).
3959:Ng, Michael (16 November 2004).
3935:Ng, Michael (15 November 2004).
3887:Ng, Michael (22 November 2004).
3736:Chan, Carrie (15 November 2004)
3216:Hong Kong: Society in Transition
3042:
3028:
3014:
2987:
2975:
2963:
2946:2023 Hong Kong electoral changes
2926:2021 Hong Kong electoral changes
2572:2023 Hong Kong electoral changes
2455:
2354:2014 NPCSC Decision on Hong Kong
2252:Five constituencies' resignation
2076:Pan-democrat groups such as the
1832:Democratisation of Urban Council
1708:In June 1896, then governor Sir
1635:
1227:President of the Court of Appeal
1025:Census and Statistics Department
924:Intellectual Property Department
515:Internet censorship in Hong Kong
357:
59:
7878:Kate Sheppard National Memorial
7638:Battle of Downing Street (1910)
7281:1902 Commonwealth Franchise Act
6637:Emergency Regulations Ordinance
5590:"2047: The Writing on the Wall"
5348:
5305:
5281:
5269:
5165:
5149:Lian, Yi-zheng (October 2022).
5142:
5109:
5075:
5049:
5038:
5004:
4992:
4965:
4874:
4842:
4781:
4721:
4662:
4638:Cheng, Kris (4 December 2017).
4631:
4601:
4575:
4545:
4514:
4491:
4445:
4380:
4356:
4333:
4290:
4267:
4218:
4170:
4052:
4040:
4017:
3911:Tang, Emily (25 October 2004).
3854:
3839:Ng, Michael (19 October 2004).
3793:
3775:Ng, Michael (9 November 2004).
3648:
3572:. Asia Sentinel. Archived from
3508:
3485:
3389:
3358:
3343:
2919:Hong Kong National Security Law
2810:Five Constituencies resignation
2733:July 2007: Government releases
2679:Provisional Legislative Council
2536:Hong Kong national security law
2316:Alliance for Universal Suffrage
2293:2010 Hong Kong electoral reform
2170:2005 Hong Kong electoral reform
1679:
1547:Hong Kong–Philippines relations
1463:Election Committee Constituency
1244:Chief District Judge: Justin Ko
1054:Rating and Valuation Department
1035:Government Logistics Department
831:Hong Kong Correctional Services
785:Information Services Department
477:Capital punishment in Hong Kong
267:
253:
239:
8222:Political history of Hong Kong
7689:Ohio Women's Convention (1850)
7674:Seneca Falls Convention (1848)
7086:British Indian Ocean Territory
6612:COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong
6276:2019 District Council election
5822:Sino-British Joint Declaration
5726:Electoral reforms in Hong Kong
5603:. Hong Kong University Press.
5599:Tsang, Steve Yui-sang (1995).
5574:. Hong Kong University Press.
5409:. Greenwood Publishing Group.
5377:10.4000/chinaperspectives.1583
5161:(4): 47–62 – via JSTAGE.
4881:James, William (1 July 2020).
4250:Lee, Colleen (19 April 2012).
3860:Ng, Michael (9 November 2004)
3459:Jacobs, Andrew (27 Oct 2014).
3207:
3182:
3115:
3090:
3002:' speaking at a rally in 2008.
2704:Hong Kong Basic Law Article 23
2641:Sino-British Joint Declaration
2621:Akita International University
2580:District Councils of Hong Kong
2287:2010 amendments for LegCo vote
2216:The decision stipulated that:
2082:Hong Kong Basic Law Article 45
1914:Sino-British Joint Declaration
1526:Consular missions in Hong Kong
1258:Special courts and tribunals:
865:Transport and Logistics Bureau
717:Environment and Ecology Bureau
459:Sino–British Joint Declaration
332:2019 District Council election
240:Hēung góng màhn jyú wahn duhng
222:
208:
192:
178:
164:
146:
132:
13:
1:
8217:Hong Kong democracy movements
8207:Electoral reform in Hong Kong
5620:A Modern History of Hong Kong
4339:Lee, Colleen (16 April 2010)
4273:Lee, Colleen (15 April 2010)
4224:Lee, Colleen (15 April 2010)
4201:Lee, Diana, (15 April 2010).
4133:Retrieved on 24 January 2010.
3083:
2804:2010 Hong Kong new year march
2614:
2368:2017 Chief Executive election
1552:Hong Kong–Singapore relations
1109:Political Appointments System
943:Trade and Industry Department
836:Customs and Excise Department
771:Home and Youth Affairs Bureau
550:Office of the Chief Executive
328:2019 anti-government protests
7795:in majority-Muslim countries
7785:Timeline of women's suffrage
7724:Silent Sentinels (1917–1919)
7653:Open Christmas Letter (1914)
7602:2019–2020 Hong Kong protests
7174:
6632:Disappearance of Simon Cheng
6481:Boycotts of Chinese products
6402:Do You Hear the People Sing?
6291:disqualification controversy
6245:Prince Edward station attack
5969:2019–2020 Hong Kong protests
5810:Related laws & documents
5465:Cheung, Tony (10 May 2016).
5328:. Retrieved 10 January 2010.
5266:. Retrieved 13 January 2008.
5214:. Retrieved 18 January 2009.
4226:"Qiao adds clout to reforms"
2584:following December elections
2437:Electoral Affairs Commission
2428:and current Chief Executive
1997:
1842:Indian independence movement
1722:20th century to World War II
1426:Electoral Affairs Commission
1254:Chief Magistrate: So Wai-tak
984:Drainage Services Department
496:Law enforcement in Hong Kong
317:Chief Executive of Hong Kong
194:Hsiang-kang Min-chu Yun-tung
18:Democratisation in Hong Kong
7:
8165:New Zealand ten-dollar note
7832:(Emmeline Pankhurst statue)
7746:"Give Us the Ballot" (1957)
7684:Rochester Convention (1848)
7469:Constitutional amendments:
7255:Women's liberation movement
6409:Sing Hallelujah to the Lord
5341:. Retrieved 2 January 2010.
5240:. Retrieved 1 January 2008.
4947:National Public Radio (NPR)
4687:10.17813/1086-671x-25-5-711
4317:. Hong Kong. Archived from
4154:. Hong Kong. Archived from
3007:
2891:' passes LegCo by 46 to 12.
2884:' passes LegCo by 46 to 13.
2626:
2512:Anti-extradition protesters
1802:Central People's Government
1684:In 1856, then governor Sir
1453:Geographical Constituencies
321:Umbrella or Occupy Movement
10:
8238:
7704:Suffrage Hikes (1912–1914)
6699:San Uk Ling Holding Centre
2956:
2912:2019–20 Hong Kong protests
2826:"Longhair" Leung Kwok-hung
2773:Central Government Offices
2743:deputy secretary general,
2548:National People's Congress
2487:
2447:Protests and repercussions
2397:
2360:National People's Congress
2351:
2290:
2276:"Longhair" Leung Kwok-hung
2258:2010 Hong Kong by-election
2255:
2236:
2167:
1821:October 1952, the British
1580:Hong Kong–Taiwan relations
1469:District council elections
1436:Chief Executive Elections
1278:Market Misconduct Tribunal
1050:Official Receiver's Office
1040:Government Property Agency
951:Radio Television Hong Kong
315:for direct voting for the
209:Sianggǎng Mín-jhǔ Yùn-dòng
8172:(2020 U.S. commemorative)
8035:
8009:
7991:International Women's Day
7768:
7666:
7610:
7509:
7502:
7263:
7182:
7114:
7073:
7033:
6775:
6707:
6689:National Anthem Ordinance
6652:Human rights in Hong Kong
6604:
6537:
6463:
6425:
6386:
6377:
6351:
6316:
6268:
6217:
6157:
6086:
6040:
6031:
6024:
5989:
5975:
5904:
5870:
5809:
5783:
5732:
5405:Butenhoff, Linda (1999).
4203:'Grab this golden chance'
3492:Dagati, Patricia (1992).
3399:. vjmedia. Archived from
3154:. London: T Fisher Unwin.
2935:District Council (Second)
2534:passed the controversial
2034:
2012:pro-establishment parties
1558:Hong Kong–China relations
1458:Functional Constituencies
1283:Obscene Articles Tribunal
1045:Inland Revenue Department
1007:Water Supplies Department
879:Civil Aviation Department
856:Auxiliary Medical Service
846:Government Flying Service
803:Social Welfare Department
794:Labour and Welfare Bureau
281:
277:
260:
246:
232:
215:
201:
185:
179:ㄒㄧㄤ ㄍㄤˇ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄓㄨˇ ㄩㄣˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ
171:
157:
153:
139:
125:
121:
116:
93:
85:
74:
58:
50:
8075:Women's suffrage in film
8046:The Women's Marseillaise
7934:Suffragette Handkerchief
7812:Women's rights activists
7592:Hong Kong 1 July marches
6835:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
6622:Civil Human Rights Front
5641:NDI Hong Kong Report #12
5472:South China Morning Post
5450:South China Morning Post
5394:- Print: 15 April 2007,
5276:South China Morning Post
5264:South China Morning Post
5238:South China Morning Post
5212:South China Morning Post
5207:23 February 2012 at the
5061:South China Morning Post
5023:V-Dem Institute (2023).
4613:South China Morning Post
4376:South China Morning Post
4364:South China Morning Post
4298:South China Morning Post
4125:25 February 2010 at the
4048:South China Morning Post
4013:South China Morning Post
3826:11 February 2010 at the
3762:South China Morning Post
3609:South China Morning Post
3588:South China Morning Post
3543:South China Morning Post
3466:29 December 2016 at the
3193:. Springer. p. 42.
3174:Horrocks, Robert James.
3097:Bowring, Philip (2014).
2578:on 2 May 2023 in the 18
2420:Due to the rejection of
2333:South China Morning Post
2194:Pan-democrats' blueprint
2089:2004 referendum proposal
2078:Article 45 Concern Group
1965:1990s until the handover
1950:LegCo elections for 1988
1894:
1874:
1855:
1783:
1564:Hong Kong Liaison Office
510:LGBT rights in Hong Kong
454:One country, two systems
417:(national security laws)
289:one country, two systems
165:Xiānggǎng Mínzhǔ Yùndòng
127:Traditional Chinese
8176:2020 US ten-dollar bill
8160:Susan B. Anthony dollar
8097:Not for Ourselves Alone
7719:Suffrage Special (1916)
7648:Great Pilgrimage (1913)
7597:2014 Hong Kong protests
7195:Right to run for office
7096:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
6584:international responses
6286:pro-democracy primaries
6004:Murder of Poon Hiu-wing
5922:Liberalism in Hong Kong
5601:Government and Politics
5570:Loh, Christine (2006).
5545:10.1057/9781137397140_2
5520:26 October 2018 at the
4855:Morrison & Foerster
4504:The Wall Street Journal
4182:9 December 2018 at the
3974:. Retrieved 3 May 2010.
3950:. Retrieved 3 May 2010.
3926:. Retrieved 3 May 2010.
3902:. Retrieved 3 May 2010.
3875:. Retrieved 4 May 2010.
3790:. Retrieved 3 May 2010.
3751:. Retrieved 3 May 2010.
3397:"為何英國不早給香港民主?英國檔案提供的答案"
3350:Miners, Normal (1981).
3238:Tsang 2004, pp. 143–144
3068:Liberalism in Hong Kong
2739:29 December 2007 – The
2565:V-Dem Democracy indices
2524:Chinese national anthem
2384:2014 Hong Kong protests
2004:provisional legislature
1510:Hong Kong identity card
1233:Court of First Instance
1095:Hong Kong Civil Service
780:Home Affairs Department
141:Simplified Chinese
28:
7843:Elizabeth Cady Stanton
7492:1965 Voting Rights Act
6617:Blitzchung controversy
6589:Hong Kong Autonomy Act
6564:Hong Kong Be Water Act
6525:Yellow economic circle
6444:Lady Liberty Hong Kong
4392:Bloomberg BusinessWeek
3807:23 August 2004 at the
3178:. University of Leeds.
3063:Elections in Hong Kong
2417:
2223:
2214:
2139:(health services) and
1991:
1104:Administrative Officer
841:Immigration Department
821:Hong Kong Police Force
623:Government Secretariat
410:Consultative Committee
117:Democracy in Hong Kong
102:HK Legislative Council
40:considered for merging
8212:Democracy by location
7824:Belmont–Paul Monument
7751:Freedom Summer (1964)
7628:Women's Sunday (1908)
6647:Hong Kong nationalism
5677:2 August 2020 at the
5618:Tsang, Steve (2007).
5594:The Hong Kong Journal
5499:The Hong Kong Journal
5155:アジア研究 (Asian Studies)
3645:Cheng (2014), p. 218.
3636:Cheng (2014), p. 214.
3073:Politics of Hong Kong
2574:were proposed by the
2411:
2218:
2209:
2008:Elections in May 1998
1976:
1447:Legislative elections
1288:Small Claims Tribunal
1193:Court of Final Appeal
745:Government Laboratory
741:Hong Kong Observatory
591:Secretary for Justice
309:handover of Hong Kong
297:Hong Kong's Basic Law
108:, people of Hong Kong
8089:Shoulder to Shoulder
8058:The Mother of Us All
8001:Women's Equality Day
7996:Susan B. Anthony Day
7850:Suffragette Memorial
7455:District of Columbia
7225:Non-resident citizen
7010:United Arab Emirates
6339:Marco Leung Ling-kit
5652:21 July 2011 at the
5294:18 July 2011 at the
5232:7 March 2012 at the
5179:. 10 November 2015.
4644:Hong Kong Free Press
4557:Hong Kong Free Press
4487:on 28 December 2014.
4346:29 June 2011 at the
4280:29 June 2011 at the
4257:29 June 2011 at the
4231:29 June 2011 at the
4208:29 June 2011 at the
4030:29 June 2011 at the
3993:29 June 2011 at the
3966:29 June 2011 at the
3942:29 June 2011 at the
3918:29 June 2011 at the
3894:29 June 2011 at the
3867:29 June 2011 at the
3782:29 June 2011 at the
3743:29 June 2011 at the
3659:Journal of Democracy
3568:(5 September 2014).
3482:Cheng (2014), p.216.
3214:Jarvie, I C (2013).
2921:passed and enforced.
2522:. Precipitated by a
2508:the Extradition Bill
2412:March in support of
2017:Journal of Democracy
1985:, (as quoted in the
1642:Hong Kong portal
974:Buildings Department
874:Transport Department
762:Department of Health
636:Civil Service Bureau
301:district councillors
7956:Hunger Strike Medal
7633:Black Friday (1910)
7037:limited recognition
6694:Reclaim Sheung Shui
6433:Black Bauhinia flag
6379:Tactics and methods
6016:Umbrella Revolution
5537:Palgrave Macmil±lan
5490:. Opendemocracy.net
5428:. Scarecrow Press.
5320:4 June 2011 at the
5258:20 May 2011 at the
5025:"The V-Dem Dataset"
4585:. 21 January 2017.
4510:on 11 January 2015.
4465:on 31 October 2014.
4441:on 31 October 2015.
4080:12 May 2008 at the
3611:. 18 October 2014.
3576:on 29 October 2014.
3520:《一國兩制下香港的法治探索(增訂版)》
2900:22 November 2015 –
2791:21 December 2009 –
2712:6 April 2004 – The
2665:Hong Kong Basic Law
2546:In March 2021, the
2520:Legislative Council
2394:Stalled development
2362:set limits for the
2233:2009 reform package
2164:2005 reform package
2030:Selection Committee
1946:green paper in 1987
1732:Societies Ordinance
1726:In response to the
1690:Legislative Council
1316:Central and Western
1129:Legislative Council
1003:Planning Department
884:Highways Department
627:Government agencies
582:Financial Secretary
564:Principal officials
326:In the wake of the
313:2014 NPCSC proposal
47:
8099:(1999 documentary)
7966:Suffrage jewellery
7190:Universal suffrage
6769:Democracy in Asia
6509:Liberate Hong Kong
6395:Glory to Hong Kong
6205:September–November
5917:Election Committee
5539:. pp. 34–58.
5527:Lo, Sonny (2015).
5363:China Perspectives
5121:The New York Times
4917:The New York Times
4794:The New York Times
4559:. 10 August 2016.
4435:The New York Times
4410:on 11 October 2014
4102:1 May 2011 at the
3851:on 29 October 2014
3674:10.1353/jod.0.0046
3472:The New York Times
3403:on 1 November 2014
3338:Chan & Lo 2010
3058:Democracy in China
2930:Election Committee
2561:pro-democracy camp
2418:
2372:Election Committee
1954:pro-Beijing forces
1903:and then governor
1823:Colonial Secretary
1818:self-determination
1769:Alexander Grantham
1728:Chinese revolution
1488:Universal suffrage
1441:Election Committee
1249:Magistrates' Court
1168:Pro-democracy camp
1030:Companies Registry
960:Development Bureau
907:Housing Department
689:Tourism Commission
482:Criminal procedure
405:Drafting Committee
350:Under British rule
344:pro-democracy camp
293:central government
106:pro-democracy camp
67:universal suffrage
45:
8194:
8193:
8105:Iron Jawed Angels
8027:Umbrella Movement
7971:Suffragette penny
7885:Millicent Fawcett
7856:Portrait Monument
7764:
7763:
7618:WSPU march (1906)
7435:African Americans
7353:Spain (Civil War,
7245:Compulsory voting
7142:
7141:
7079:other territories
6735:
6734:
6684:Milk Tea Alliance
6533:
6532:
6352:Police misconduct
6347:
6346:
6301:mass resignations
6213:
6212:
5930:
5929:
5733:Electoral reforms
5565:978-1-349-56286-2
5554:978-1-137-39714-0
4976:. Bloomberg L.P.
4765:. November 2020.
4615:. 22 April 2017.
4481:The Straits Times
4189:, 26 January 2010
4085:Asia Times Online
3189:Chung, S (1998).
3078:Politics of Macau
2896:Umbrella Movement
2645:September 1985 –
2486:
2485:
2388:Umbrella Movement
1948:proposing direct
1794:Chinese Civil War
1753:Post-World War II
1677:
1676:
1502:Foreign relations
1482:Political parties
1311:District Councils
1306:District Officers
1074:Efficiency Office
889:Marine Department
851:Civil Aid Service
604:Executive Council
285:
284:
234:Yale Romanization
112:
111:
16:(Redirected from
8229:
8017:Age of candidacy
7950:Holloway Jingles
7924:Pankhurst Centre
7895:(2008 sculpture)
7818:Leser v. Garnett
7623:Mud March (1907)
7507:
7506:
7440:Native Americans
7250:Disfranchisement
7169:
7162:
7155:
7146:
7145:
7132:
7122:
7121:
7091:Christmas Island
6777:Sovereign states
6762:
6755:
6748:
6739:
6738:
6725:
6724:
6715:
6714:
6605:Related articles
6574:NPCSC's decision
6384:
6383:
6235:Yuen Long attack
6038:
6037:
6029:
6028:
5999:Extradition bill
5967:
5957:
5950:
5943:
5934:
5933:
5784:Proposed reforms
5719:
5712:
5705:
5696:
5695:
5658:Staging Politics
5633:
5614:
5585:
5558:
5483:
5481:
5479:
5461:
5459:
5457:
5439:
5420:
5389:
5379:
5342:
5335:
5329:
5309:
5303:
5285:
5279:
5273:
5267:
5247:
5241:
5221:
5215:
5199:
5193:
5192:
5190:
5188:
5169:
5163:
5162:
5146:
5140:
5139:
5137:
5135:
5113:
5107:
5106:
5104:
5102:
5079:
5073:
5072:
5070:
5068:
5053:
5047:
5042:
5036:
5035:
5033:
5031:
5020:
5014:
5008:
5002:
4996:
4990:
4989:
4987:
4985:
4969:
4963:
4962:
4960:
4958:
4949:. 5 March 2021.
4939:
4933:
4932:
4930:
4928:
4919:. 4 March 2021.
4909:
4903:
4902:
4900:
4898:
4878:
4872:
4871:
4869:
4867:
4846:
4840:
4839:
4837:
4835:
4826:. 30 June 2020.
4816:
4810:
4809:
4807:
4805:
4785:
4779:
4778:
4776:
4774:
4755:
4749:
4748:
4746:
4744:
4725:
4719:
4718:
4716:
4714:
4666:
4660:
4659:
4657:
4655:
4635:
4629:
4628:
4626:
4624:
4605:
4599:
4598:
4596:
4594:
4579:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4568:
4549:
4543:
4542:
4540:
4538:
4518:
4512:
4511:
4506:. Archived from
4495:
4489:
4488:
4473:
4467:
4466:
4464:
4457:
4449:
4443:
4442:
4437:. Archived from
4426:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4415:
4400:
4394:
4384:
4378:
4372:
4366:
4360:
4354:
4337:
4331:
4330:
4328:
4326:
4306:
4300:
4294:
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4265:
4248:
4239:
4222:
4216:
4199:
4190:
4174:
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4163:
4143:
4134:
4116:
4107:
4094:
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4056:
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4015:
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3811:
3797:
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3590:
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3512:
3506:
3505:
3489:
3483:
3480:
3474:
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3441:
3439:
3419:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3408:
3393:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3382:
3362:
3356:
3355:
3347:
3341:
3335:
3329:
3323:
3317:
3311:
3305:
3304:, pp. 90–1.
3299:
3293:
3287:
3281:
3275:
3266:
3260:
3254:
3248:
3239:
3236:
3230:
3229:
3211:
3205:
3204:
3186:
3180:
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3171:
3156:
3155:
3147:
3138:
3137:
3119:
3113:
3112:
3094:
3052:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3038:
3033:
3032:
3024:
3022:Hong Kong portal
3019:
3018:
3017:
2991:
2979:
2967:
2880:24 June 2010 – '
2859:Act Now campaign
2795:, member of the
2749:Government House
2697:Regional Council
2677:December 1996 –
2670:1992 – Governor
2556:electoral system
2554:to overhaul the
2481:
2478:
2459:
2451:
2416:, 20 August 2017
2338:paramount leader
2178:Chief Secretary
2105:Chief Executive
2037:
2036:
1989:, 18 March 1993)
1905:Murray MacLehose
1826:Oliver Lyttelton
1710:William Robinson
1669:
1662:
1655:
1640:
1639:
1638:
1163:Pro-Beijing camp
1155:Political camps:
994:Lands Department
928:Invest Hong Kong
698:Education Bureau
381:
375:
369:
361:
354:
353:
340:electoral system
273:
272:
271:
256:
255:
242:
241:
228:
227:
226:
211:
210:
197:
196:
195:
181:
180:
167:
166:
149:
148:
135:
134:
114:
113:
63:
48:
44:
21:
8237:
8236:
8232:
8231:
8230:
8228:
8227:
8226:
8197:
8196:
8195:
8190:
8155:(upcoming film)
8081:Votes for Women
8037:
8031:
8005:
7944:Holloway brooch
7939:Holloway banner
7770:
7760:
7729:Night of Terror
7662:
7606:
7498:
7259:
7178:
7173:
7143:
7138:
7110:
7078:
7069:
7050:Northern Cyprus
7036:
7029:
6771:
6766:
6736:
6731:
6703:
6600:
6552:judicial review
6529:
6459:
6455:Winnie-the-Pooh
6438:Guy Fawkes mask
6421:
6373:
6343:
6312:
6264:
6209:
6153:
6082:
6020:
5985:
5971:
5961:
5931:
5926:
5900:
5866:
5805:
5779:
5728:
5723:
5679:Wayback Machine
5668:
5663:
5654:Wayback Machine
5630:
5611:
5582:
5555:
5522:Wayback Machine
5477:
5475:
5455:
5453:
5436:
5417:
5351:
5346:
5345:
5336:
5332:
5322:Wayback Machine
5310:
5306:
5296:Wayback Machine
5286:
5282:
5274:
5270:
5260:Wayback Machine
5248:
5244:
5234:Wayback Machine
5222:
5218:
5209:Wayback Machine
5200:
5196:
5186:
5184:
5171:
5170:
5166:
5147:
5143:
5133:
5131:
5117:"Yi-Zheng Lian"
5115:
5114:
5110:
5100:
5098:
5080:
5076:
5066:
5064:
5055:
5054:
5050:
5043:
5039:
5029:
5027:
5021:
5017:
5009:
5005:
4997:
4993:
4983:
4981:
4970:
4966:
4956:
4954:
4941:
4940:
4936:
4926:
4924:
4911:
4910:
4906:
4896:
4894:
4879:
4875:
4865:
4863:
4858:. 1 July 2020.
4848:
4847:
4843:
4833:
4831:
4818:
4817:
4813:
4803:
4801:
4786:
4782:
4772:
4770:
4757:
4756:
4752:
4742:
4740:
4735:. 18 May 2020.
4727:
4726:
4722:
4712:
4710:
4681:(SI): 711–728.
4667:
4663:
4653:
4651:
4636:
4632:
4622:
4620:
4607:
4606:
4602:
4592:
4590:
4581:
4580:
4576:
4566:
4564:
4551:
4550:
4546:
4536:
4534:
4519:
4515:
4496:
4492:
4475:
4474:
4470:
4462:
4455:
4451:
4450:
4446:
4427:
4423:
4413:
4411:
4402:
4401:
4397:
4385:
4381:
4373:
4369:
4361:
4357:
4348:Wayback Machine
4338:
4334:
4324:
4322:
4321:on 29 June 2011
4307:
4303:
4295:
4291:
4282:Wayback Machine
4272:
4268:
4259:Wayback Machine
4249:
4242:
4233:Wayback Machine
4223:
4219:
4210:Wayback Machine
4200:
4193:
4184:Wayback Machine
4175:
4171:
4161:
4159:
4158:on 29 June 2011
4144:
4137:
4127:Wayback Machine
4117:
4110:
4104:Wayback Machine
4095:
4091:
4082:Wayback Machine
4073:
4066:
4057:
4053:
4045:
4041:
4032:Wayback Machine
4022:
4018:
4010:
4003:
3995:Wayback Machine
3985:
3978:
3968:Wayback Machine
3958:
3954:
3944:Wayback Machine
3934:
3930:
3920:Wayback Machine
3910:
3906:
3896:Wayback Machine
3886:
3879:
3869:Wayback Machine
3859:
3855:
3838:
3834:
3828:Wayback Machine
3818:
3814:
3809:Wayback Machine
3798:
3794:
3784:Wayback Machine
3774:
3767:
3759:
3755:
3745:Wayback Machine
3735:
3728:
3720:Yeung, Rikkie.
3719:
3712:
3703:
3699:
3686:
3679:
3653:
3649:
3644:
3640:
3635:
3628:
3618:
3616:
3603:
3602:
3593:
3585:
3581:
3563:
3548:
3540:
3531:
3513:
3509:
3490:
3486:
3481:
3477:
3468:Wayback Machine
3458:
3447:
3437:
3435:
3420:
3416:
3406:
3404:
3395:
3394:
3390:
3380:
3378:
3363:
3359:
3348:
3344:
3340:, pp. 6–7.
3336:
3332:
3324:
3320:
3312:
3308:
3300:
3296:
3288:
3284:
3276:
3269:
3261:
3257:
3249:
3242:
3237:
3233:
3226:
3212:
3208:
3201:
3187:
3183:
3172:
3159:
3148:
3141:
3134:
3120:
3116:
3109:
3095:
3091:
3086:
3048:
3043:
3041:
3036:Politics portal
3034:
3027:
3020:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3003:
2992:
2983:
2980:
2971:
2968:
2959:
2887:25 June 2010 –
2870:17 June 2010 –
2863:17 June 2010 –
2730:vetoed by LegCo
2629:
2617:
2589:Chief Executive
2544:
2500:
2482:
2476:
2473:
2466:needs expansion
2460:
2449:
2406:
2396:
2356:
2350:
2295:
2289:
2260:
2254:
2241:
2235:
2205:
2196:
2172:
2166:
2099:Fernando Cheung
2091:
2040:Chief Executive
2000:
1980:
1967:
1934:Ko Shan Theatre
1897:
1877:
1869:New Territories
1858:
1834:
1786:
1780:changing that.
1775:in 1947, after
1755:
1724:
1695:Colonial Office
1682:
1673:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1596:
1595:
1504:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1484:
1478:
1471:
1423:
1413:
1412:
1408:Area committees
1303:
1293:
1292:
1268:Labour Tribunal
1263:Coroner’s Court
1223:Court of Appeal
1190:
1180:
1179:
1124:
1116:
1115:
812:Security Bureau
573:Chief Secretary
537:Chief Executive
532:
522:
521:
391:
379:
377:
373:
367:
352:
334:landslide, the
203:Tongyong Pinyin
193:
70:
43:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8235:
8225:
8224:
8219:
8214:
8209:
8192:
8191:
8189:
8188:
8183:
8178:
8173:
8167:
8162:
8157:
8149:
8148:(2022 musical)
8141:
8140:(2018 musical)
8133:
8125:
8117:
8109:
8101:
8093:
8085:
8077:
8072:
8070:Suffrage plays
8067:
8062:
8054:
8049:
8041:
8039:
8033:
8032:
8030:
8029:
8024:
8019:
8013:
8011:
8007:
8006:
8004:
8003:
7998:
7993:
7988:
7983:
7978:
7973:
7968:
7963:
7958:
7953:
7946:
7941:
7936:
7931:
7926:
7921:
7916:
7911:
7904:
7897:
7893:Great Petition
7889:
7881:
7874:
7866:
7859:
7852:
7847:
7839:
7834:
7830:Rise up, Women
7826:
7821:
7814:
7809:
7804:
7799:
7798:
7797:
7792:
7782:
7776:
7774:
7766:
7765:
7762:
7761:
7759:
7758:
7753:
7748:
7743:
7738:
7737:
7736:
7734:Prison Special
7731:
7721:
7716:
7714:Suffrage Torch
7711:
7706:
7701:
7696:
7691:
7686:
7681:
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7398:
7393:
7388:
7386:Cayman Islands
7376:United Kingdom
7373:
7368:
7363:
7358:
7350:
7345:
7340:
7335:
7330:
7325:
7320:
7315:
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6757:
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6719:
6708:
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6608:
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6554:
6543:
6541:
6535:
6534:
6531:
6530:
6528:
6527:
6522:
6517:
6515:Spark Alliance
6512:
6505:
6498:
6493:
6488:
6483:
6478:
6473:
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6429:
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6255:Siege of PolyU
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5666:External links
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5629:978-1845114190
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5622:. I.B.Tauris.
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1759:Sir Mark Young
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7235:Demeny voting
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7060:South Ossetia
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6580:
6579:local effects
6577:
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6474:
6472:
6471:Art and music
6469:
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6456:
6453:
6451:
6450:Pepe the Frog
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6337:
6335:
6334:Luo Changqing
6332:
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6327:
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6322:
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6319:
6315:
6307:
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6299:
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6279:
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6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6250:CUHK conflict
6248:
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6243:
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6240:Hong Kong Way
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5177:ejinsight.com
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3693:962-209-441-4
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3328:, p. 92.
3327:
3322:
3316:, p. 91.
3315:
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3303:
3298:
3291:
3286:
3280:, p. 27.
3279:
3274:
3272:
3264:
3259:
3253:, p. 22.
3252:
3247:
3245:
3235:
3227:
3225:9781136234262
3221:
3218:. Routledge.
3217:
3210:
3202:
3200:9780230501768
3196:
3192:
3185:
3177:
3170:
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3166:
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3133:9789888083664
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3108:9789888208722
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2841:
2838:2 May 2010 –
2837:
2834:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2781:
2777:
2774:
2770:
2769:Victoria park
2766:
2761:
2758:
2753:
2750:
2746:
2745:Qiao Xiaoyang
2742:
2738:
2736:
2732:
2729:
2725:
2722:
2718:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2705:
2701:
2698:
2694:
2693:Urban Council
2690:
2687:
2683:
2680:
2676:
2673:
2669:
2666:
2662:
2660:
2657:April 1989 –
2656:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2644:
2642:
2638:
2635:
2631:
2630:
2624:
2622:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2599:, Anna Kwok,
2598:
2592:
2590:
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2577:
2573:
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2566:
2562:
2557:
2553:
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2521:
2515:
2513:
2509:
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2480:
2471:
2467:
2464:This section
2462:
2458:
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2442:
2438:
2433:
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2427:
2423:
2415:
2410:
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2329:
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2317:
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2308:
2303:
2301:
2300:Qiao Xiaoyang
2294:
2284:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2259:
2249:
2248:LegCo seats.
2246:
2240:
2230:
2228:
2222:
2217:
2213:
2208:
2200:
2191:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2161:
2158:
2152:
2149:
2148:Tung Chee Hwa
2144:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2129:
2126:
2122:
2117:
2113:
2112:Liberal Party
2108:
2107:Tung Chee-hwa
2103:
2100:
2096:
2086:
2083:
2079:
2074:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2063:Zeng Qinghong
2060:
2055:
2053:
2052:Lee Cheuk-yan
2049:
2045:
2041:
2031:
2028:a 400-member
2027:
2026:1996 election
2022:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2009:
2005:
1995:
1990:
1988:
1984:
1975:
1973:
1972:Percy Cradock
1962:
1960:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1942:
1939:
1935:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1919:
1918:Geoffrey Howe
1915:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1901:Deng Xiaoping
1892:
1890:
1886:
1881:
1872:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1861:Liao Chengzhi
1853:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1838:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1812:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1781:
1778:
1774:
1771:took over as
1770:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1750:
1748:
1747:Urban Council
1743:
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1399:
1397:
1396:Yau Tsim Mong
1394:
1392:
1389:
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1234:
1231:
1226:
1225:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1210:
1209:
1203:
1202:Andrew Cheung
1199:
1198:Chief Justice
1196:
1195:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1183:
1174:
1173:Localist camp
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
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1038:
1036:
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1028:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1008:
1005:
1002:
1000:
999:Land Registry
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
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783:
781:
778:
777:
776:
775:
772:
769:
768:
763:
760:
759:
758:
757:
754:
753:Health Bureau
751:
750:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
723:
722:
721:
718:
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714:
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703:
702:
699:
696:
695:
690:
687:
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401:
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385:
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365:
364:
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355:
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333:
329:
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290:
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270:
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176:
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162:
160:
156:
152:
144:
142:
138:
130:
128:
124:
120:
115:
107:
103:
99:
98:HK Government
96:
92:
88:
84:
81:
77:
73:
68:
62:
57:
54:
49:
41:
37:
36:
35:Infobox event
32:
27:
19:
8152:
8143:
8135:
8128:
8120:
8113:Up the Women
8112:
8104:
8096:
8088:
8080:
8060:(1947 opera)
8057:
7976:Suffrage Oak
7961:Justice Bell
7948:
7906:
7899:
7892:
7884:
7876:
7869:
7861:
7854:
7842:
7829:
7816:
7516:conferences
7183:Basic topics
7100:
7075:Dependencies
7005:Turkmenistan
6970:Saudi Arabia
6507:
6476:Social media
6442:
6329:Chow Tsz-lok
6324:Chan Yin-lam
6306:mass arrests
6296:postponement
5689:The Standard
5688:
5657:
5640:
5619:
5600:
5593:
5571:
5532:
5514:The Standard
5513:
5508:China Review
5507:
5498:
5476:. Retrieved
5470:
5454:. Retrieved
5448:
5425:
5406:
5367:
5361:
5349:Bibliography
5333:
5326:The Standard
5325:
5313:
5307:
5299:
5283:
5275:
5271:
5263:
5251:
5245:
5237:
5225:
5219:
5211:
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3845:The Standard
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3391:
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3371:The Atlantic
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2830:Wong Yuk-man
2793:Lew Mon-hung
2783:
2672:Chris Patten
2618:
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2470:adding to it
2465:
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2280:Wong Yuk-man
2261:
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2242:
2226:
2224:
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2206:
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2188:
2180:Donald Tsang
2177:
2173:
2153:
2145:
2130:
2121:Bernard Chan
2104:
2095:Lui Ming-wah
2092:
2075:
2056:
2048:Andrew Cheng
2023:
2015:
2001:
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1986:
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1715:Crown colony
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1686:John Bowring
1683:
1680:19th century
1633:
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1578:
1556:
1524:
1520:BNO Passport
1467:
1445:
1435:
1391:Wong Tai Sin
1361:Sham Shui Po
1331:Kowloon City
1257:
1247:
1237:
1206:
1142:Andrew Leung
501:Human rights
468:Criminal law
325:
305:
286:
159:Hanyu Pinyin
94:Participants
79:
33:
26:
8131:(2015 film)
8129:Suffragette
8123:(2014 film)
8107:(2004 film)
8083:(1912 film)
7919:Eagle House
7772:(memorials)
7460:Puerto Rico
7371:Switzerland
7348:New Zealand
7240:Suffragette
7220:Non-citizen
7134:Asia portal
7035:States with
6955:Philippines
6895:South Korea
6890:North Korea
6785:Afghanistan
6642:Fujian gang
6496:Lennon Wall
5337:Msnbc.com.
5187:10 November
5011:Cheung 2015
4999:Cheung 2016
4162:23 February
4131:五區公投號召全民起義.
4118:Sina.com. "
3654:Ming Sing,
2941:was formed.
2917:2020 – The
2865:Elsie Leung
2814:Albert Chan
2684:May 1998 –
2605:Dennis Kwok
2307:Civic Party
2264:Albert Chan
2157:Stephen Lam
2135:(medical),
2125:Margaret Ng
2024:During the
1218:Jeremy Poon
1214:Chief Judge
1123:Legislature
938:Post Office
491:Jury system
29:‹ The
8201:Categories
7908:Resilience
7450:foreigners
7356:Francoist)
7286:aboriginal
7264:By country
7230:Voting age
7015:Uzbekistan
6990:Tajikistan
6905:Kyrgyzstan
6885:Kazakhstan
6805:Bangladesh
6795:Azerbaijan
6486:HKmap.live
6048:March–June
5836:Article 68
5831:Article 45
5610:9622093922
5581:9622097901
5535:. London:
5416:0275962938
5300:Wen Wei Po
5289:憲法專家僅收少於百元
5030:14 October
4773:1 November
4654:5 December
3830:, Ohmynews
3704:Ma, Ngok.
3619:29 October
3438:29 October
3407:29 October
3381:29 October
3326:Tsang 1995
3314:Tsang 1995
3302:Tsang 1995
3290:Tsang 2007
3263:Tsang 1995
3084:References
2822:Tanya Chan
2818:Alan Leong
2757:Martin Lee
2615:Assessment
2597:Nathan Law
2488:See also:
2477:March 2022
2430:Carrie Lam
2398:See also:
2328:Xi Jinping
2320:Henry Tang
2272:Tanya Chan
2268:Alan Leong
2227:Asia Times
2137:Joseph Lee
2133:Kwok Ka-ki
2116:James Tien
2059:Article 23
1923:Martin Lee
1846:Zhou Enlai
1811:Korean War
1806:Man-kam Lo
1790:Mao Zedong
1763:Young Plan
1740:compradors
1506:Documents
1336:Kwai Tsing
1208:High Court
612:Convenor:
449:Article 69
444:Article 46
439:Article 45
415:Article 23
374:government
187:Wade–Giles
7929:Paulsdale
7361:Sri Lanka
7318:Hong Kong
7276:Australia
7101:Hong Kong
7055:Palestine
6980:Sri Lanka
6975:Singapore
6855:Indonesia
6627:Demosistō
6539:Reactions
6269:Elections
6218:Incidents
6134:September
6063:September
5874:decisions
5827:Basic Law
5400:2070-3449
5386:1996-4617
5129:0362-4331
5096:0261-3077
4703:229045514
4695:1086-671X
4414:31 August
3667:1045-5736
3504:(1): 155.
2996:Long Hair
2877:proposal.
2755:settled.
2550:passed a
2341:Hu Jintao
2311:Audrey Eu
2309:lawmaker
2141:Mandy Tam
2114:chairman
2044:Emily Lau
1998:Post-1997
1927:Szeto Wah
1623:Geography
1618:Education
1421:Elections
1401:Yuen Long
1376:Tsuen Wan
1341:Kwun Tong
1301:Districts
1188:Judiciary
1138:President
614:Regina Ip
586:Paul Chan
577:Eric Chan
530:Executive
396:Basic Law
380:Hong Kong
89:Hong Kong
38:is being
7391:Scotland
7308:Colombia
7176:Suffrage
7124:Category
7045:Abkhazia
6995:Thailand
6950:Pakistan
6930:Mongolia
6925:Maldives
6920:Malaysia
6820:Cambodia
6727:Category
6657:Lam chau
6520:Telegram
6170:February
6149:December
6144:November
6099:February
6078:December
6073:November
6033:Timeline
5981:and the
5977:Part of
5846:Annex II
5675:Archived
5650:Archived
5559:- Print
5518:Archived
5318:Archived
5292:Archived
5256:Archived
5230:Archived
5205:Archived
5181:Archived
4984:18 March
4978:Archived
4951:Archived
4927:31 March
4921:Archived
4891:Archived
4860:Archived
4828:Archived
4798:Archived
4767:Archived
4763:BBC News
4737:Archived
4733:BBC News
4707:Archived
4648:Archived
4617:Archived
4587:Archived
4561:Archived
4531:Archived
4344:Archived
4325:26 April
4278:Archived
4255:Archived
4229:Archived
4206:Archived
4180:Archived
4123:Archived
4120:Sina.com
4100:Archived
4078:Archived
4028:Archived
3991:Archived
3964:Archived
3940:Archived
3916:Archived
3892:Archived
3865:Archived
3824:Archived
3805:Archived
3780:Archived
3741:Archived
3613:Archived
3524:中華書局(香港)
3518:(2014).
3464:Archived
3432:Archived
3375:Archived
3278:Loh 2006
3008:See also
2627:Timeline
2601:Finn Lau
2582:for the
2552:decision
2426:CY Leung
1938:Hung Hom
1850:Cold War
1773:Governor
1386:Wan Chai
1381:Tuen Mun
1366:Southern
1351:Sai Kung
1057:Treasury
595:Paul Lam
541:John Lee
430:2024 law
425:2020 law
368:Politics
330:and the
248:Jyutping
173:Bopomofo
86:Location
51:Part of
42:. ›
31:template
8153:Lioness
8038:culture
8036:Popular
8010:Related
7870:Forward
7313:Ecuador
7271:Austria
7020:Vietnam
6935:Myanmar
6915:Lebanon
6845:Georgia
6800:Bahrain
6790:Armenia
6717:Commons
6426:Symbols
6225:12 June
6165:January
6139:October
6094:January
6068:October
6025:History
5841:Annex I
5134:31 July
4957:5 March
4887:Reuters
3000:Mad Dog
2998:' and '
2957:Gallery
2952:formed.
2944:2023 –
2924:2021 –
2771:to the
2663:1990 –
2609:Ted Hui
1983:Lu Ping
1865:Kowloon
1628:History
1613:Economy
1608:Culture
1356:Sha Tin
1326:Islands
1321:Eastern
80:ongoing
78:1952 –
69:by 2012
8137:Sylvia
7887:statue
7872:statue
7845:statue
7503:Events
7465:states
7445:felons
7366:Sweden
7343:Mexico
7333:Kuwait
7298:Canada
7065:Taiwan
7000:Turkey
6965:Russia
6900:Kuwait
6880:Jordan
6870:Israel
6830:Cyprus
6815:Brunei
6810:Bhutan
6464:Others
6317:Deaths
6200:August
6129:August
6058:August
5991:Causes
5626:
5607:
5578:
5563:
5551:
5478:22 May
5456:22 May
5432:
5413:
5398:
5384:
5127:
5101:14 May
5094:
4897:2 July
4866:2 July
4834:2 July
4804:2 July
4743:18 May
4713:18 May
4701:
4693:
4537:18 May
4527:Quartz
3691:
3665:
3522:. 香港:
3428:Quartz
3222:
3197:
3130:
3105:
2928:: The
2894:2014 -
2726:2005:
2681:set up
2496:, and
2330:, the
1730:, the
1371:Tai Po
147:香港民主运动
133:香港民主運動
8145:Suffs
8121:Selma
7769:Women
7430:women
7402:laws
7396:Wales
7381:women
7328:Japan
7323:India
7303:Chile
7291:women
7215:Youth
7210:Black
7200:Women
7106:Macau
7025:Yemen
6985:Syria
6960:Qatar
6940:Nepal
6875:Japan
6850:India
6840:Egypt
6825:China
6491:LIHKG
6387:Music
6180:April
6175:March
6109:April
6104:March
5872:NPCSC
5370:(2).
4699:S2CID
4463:(PDF)
4456:(PDF)
2797:CPPCC
2709:2012.
2035:推選委員會
1895:1980s
1875:1970s
1856:1960s
1788:When
1784:1950s
1346:North
7585:14th
7580:13th
7575:12th
7570:11th
7565:10th
7487:26th
7483:24th
7479:23rd
7475:19th
7471:15th
7416:1928
7411:1918
7406:1832
6945:Oman
6910:Laos
6865:Iraq
6860:Iran
6677:32nd
6672:31st
6667:30th
6195:July
6190:June
6158:2021
6124:July
6119:June
6087:2020
6053:July
6041:2019
5896:2014
5891:2007
5886:2004
5881:1997
5801:2015
5796:2005
5791:1946
5775:2023
5770:2021
5765:2010
5760:1994
5755:1991
5750:1988
5745:1985
5740:1981
5624:ISBN
5605:ISBN
5576:ISBN
5561:ISBN
5549:ISBN
5480:2018
5458:2018
5430:ISBN
5411:ISBN
5396:ISSN
5382:ISSN
5368:2007
5189:2015
5136:2024
5125:ISSN
5103:2024
5092:ISSN
5069:2024
5032:2023
4986:2022
4959:2021
4929:2021
4899:2020
4868:2020
4836:2020
4806:2020
4775:2020
4745:2020
4715:2021
4691:ISSN
4656:2017
4625:2017
4595:2017
4569:2017
4539:2021
4416:2014
4327:2010
4164:2010
3689:ISBN
3663:ISSN
3621:2014
3440:2014
3409:2014
3383:2014
3220:ISBN
3195:ISBN
3128:ISBN
3103:ISBN
2828:and
2695:and
2688:held
2570:The
2402:and
2386:and
2366:and
2278:and
2225:The
2050:and
1925:and
1907:, a
1867:and
625:and
389:Laws
371:and
75:Date
7560:9th
7555:8th
7550:7th
7545:6th
7540:5th
7535:4th
7530:3rd
7525:2nd
7520:1st
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