3684:
124:
71:
53:
398:
320:
369:
It has been claimed that the Inca Empire expanded into
Diaguita lands because of its mineral wealth. This hypothesis is currently under dispute. Another possibility is that the Incas invaded the relatively well-populated Eastern Diaguita valleys to obtain labor to send to Chilean mining districts. It
243:
active in western
Argentina also report a large number of languages for the region. Nevertheless, the Chilean Diaguitas scholar Herman Carvajal Lazo claims that they could very well have spoken different dialects instead, which would have differed among each other mainly regarding their
358:. There is no Diaguita (Kakan) toponymy known in the valley. While there was an immigration of Mapuches to the southern Diaguita lands in colonial times, Mapuche culture there is judged to be older than this. Indeed, in 1954
311:
that developed between 800 and 1000 CE. It is from this last culture that the archaeological
Diaguita culture emerged around 1000 CE. The classical Diaguita period was characterized by advanced irrigation systems and by
460:
in 1630 and the last rebels fought until 1642–1643. In this rebellion, the
Spanish city of La Rioja came close to being destroyed. The Calchaquí Diaguitas only entered Spanish rule after 1665.
631:
1097:
421:, the Spanish initially failed to conquer the fertile valleys inhabited by the Eastern Diaguitas, and could only control the eastern valley ends. By founding the cities of
3664:
2252:
1773:
872:
779:
3659:
449:
378:, would not have been conquered easily by the Inca Empire. Once conquered, the eastern Diaguitas did not unanimously accept Inca rule. The Incas appointed
346:– may be rooted in pre-Hispanic times at least several centuries before the Spanish arrival. Mapuche toponymy is also found throughout the area. Around
3752:
1090:
3722:
413:
The
Chilean Diaguitas were conquered by Spaniards coming from Peru. The eastern Diaguitas lands were explored by Spaniards coming from Chile, the
441:(1593) the Spanish established an effective fence around the rebellious Eastern Diaguita valleys. To further dominate the Diaguitas, the city of
3639:
2285:
1045:
3624:
1766:
1083:
628:
2601:
2224:
1283:
3629:
1142:
3727:
3717:
2633:
1759:
1593:
1377:
1397:
921:
Lorandi, A.M. (1988). "Los diaguitas y el tawantinsuyu: Una hipótesis de conflicto". In
Dillehay, Tom; Netherly, Patricia (eds.).
1588:
1303:
2099:
1940:
258:
to be the single language of the
Diaguitas. This proposal has been questioned by some scholars but is accepted by others, like
2621:
1066:
2174:
2114:
2109:
1392:
3747:
3535:
2650:
2154:
2094:
3742:
3594:
2645:
2523:
753:
2119:
219:, numbering 88,474 in 2017. The Diaguitas have been recognised as an indigenous people by the Chilean state since 2006.
3649:
2628:
2267:
731:
139:
2089:
3588:
2657:
771:
3409:
3098:
2062:
1644:
1432:
1982:
1950:
600:
374:
in the
Transverse Valleys of Norte Chico. According to scholar Ana María Lorandi the Diaguitas, and specially the
211:
Diaguita descendants in
Argentina. In Chile, Diaguitas are the third-most populous indigenous ethnicity after the
3737:
3479:
3109:
2791:
2606:
2217:
2193:
1164:
370:
is generally accepted that
Diaguita incorporation into the Inca Empire was through warfare that caused a severe
3571:
3414:
2262:
1732:
1412:
3550:
2826:
873:"¿Puede el ADN mitocondrial proporcionar información sobre la etnogénesis de los pueblo originarios chilenos?"
3560:
2801:
2305:
1011:
390:
s in the Chilean Diaguita lands. The Diaguitas took influences from the Incas, adopting pottery designs from
3576:
3654:
3582:
3546:
2616:
2149:
2139:
668:
578:
174:
162:
196:
used by them seems to have varied from valley to valley and they were politically fragmented into several
3248:
3120:
2706:
2448:
2257:
1795:
875:[Can mitochondrial DNA provide information on the ethnogenesis of Chilean native populations?].
3475:
3359:
3202:
2210:
1623:
1106:
745:
208:
3182:
2786:
2711:
2588:
2563:
2277:
1147:
426:
3732:
3258:
2931:
2428:
2104:
1427:
1318:
696:
3483:
1273:
1137:
290:
2901:
200:. Coastal and inland Chilean Diaguitas traded, as evidenced by the archaeological findings of
3404:
3319:
3253:
2886:
2640:
2611:
2410:
2385:
2350:
2077:
1613:
1544:
1505:
1323:
1308:
438:
286:
2538:
1002:
877:
722:
529:
452:
in Chile (1557–1561) Chilean Diaguitas that had rebelled were decimated by the Spanish. The
308:
3688:
3555:
3419:
3384:
3304:
2993:
2701:
2596:
2578:
2478:
2202:
1922:
1654:
1608:
1515:
1474:
1387:
1372:
1298:
1288:
2881:
228:
8:
3521:
3283:
2315:
2295:
2084:
2007:
1598:
1534:
1464:
1459:
1382:
1350:
1313:
1278:
660:
434:
422:
147:
2513:
299:
The origin of the Diaguita culture is traced back to an archaeological culture known as
178:
3644:
3634:
3540:
3364:
3273:
3052:
2796:
2741:
2716:
2380:
2375:
2345:
2340:
2169:
2164:
2159:
1889:
1691:
1686:
1661:
1618:
1510:
1484:
1402:
1367:
1362:
1293:
1247:
1039:
1031:
442:
255:
236:
186:
166:
151:
143:
3263:
1075:
3712:
3669:
3599:
3565:
3288:
3278:
2988:
2956:
2836:
2766:
2498:
2473:
2405:
2395:
2233:
2134:
2072:
1977:
1965:
1708:
1570:
1559:
1539:
1355:
1132:
1062:
265:
There is notable scarcity of Diaguita toponymy in Norte Chico, including the area of
259:
155:
2866:
2731:
2697:
1217:
1192:
891:
457:
418:
294:
3369:
3309:
3293:
3176:
3140:
3047:
2951:
2751:
2568:
2543:
2360:
2355:
2144:
2129:
2124:
2032:
2027:
2017:
1960:
1955:
1894:
1833:
1818:
1649:
1603:
1554:
1489:
1479:
1469:
1337:
1252:
1222:
886:
546:
402:
363:
355:
351:
300:
274:
270:
240:
123:
99:
95:
17:
1751:
1172:
3492:
3171:
3130:
3115:
3078:
3042:
2936:
2831:
2746:
2721:
2682:
2667:
2488:
2325:
2022:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1945:
1884:
1874:
1713:
1703:
1345:
1124:
1058:
635:
573:
362:
postulated the idea of a link between Mapuches and the archaeological culture of
1177:
414:
3423:
3389:
3233:
3208:
3165:
3155:
3145:
3135:
3093:
2876:
2687:
2677:
2370:
2330:
2320:
2037:
2012:
1987:
1970:
1879:
1864:
1843:
1242:
1237:
563:
463:
The Diaguita languages in Chile may have been largely lost during a process of
406:
170:
115:
111:
3525:
3509:
3329:
3706:
3379:
3223:
3192:
3160:
3104:
3072:
2911:
2871:
2861:
2856:
2846:
2841:
2776:
2771:
2726:
2290:
2247:
2067:
2057:
1899:
1859:
1197:
568:
464:
212:
201:
136:
3470:
3466:
2458:
2453:
339:
3462:
3438:
3394:
3344:
3339:
3228:
3213:
3197:
3062:
3013:
3008:
2983:
2961:
2926:
2806:
2508:
2443:
2400:
1202:
871:
Rothhammer, Francisco; Puddu, Giannina; Fuentes-Guajardo, Macarena (2017).
830:
371:
359:
343:
2946:
453:
375:
3458:
3448:
3067:
2998:
2851:
2821:
2528:
2420:
2300:
1232:
1227:
347:
266:
3496:
3334:
3314:
2756:
2548:
2310:
1116:
304:
2941:
1182:
825:
3517:
3513:
3488:
3238:
2573:
2463:
445:
was founded in 1607 in the middle of the Eastern Diaguita territory.
76:
3022:
2692:
1212:
835:
3504:
3354:
2896:
2891:
2781:
1838:
1782:
1696:
335:
197:
2916:
251:
91:
3500:
3037:
2921:
2662:
2558:
2533:
2518:
2438:
2433:
2390:
2365:
2335:
1828:
1823:
1257:
1207:
397:
331:
327:
313:
245:
216:
193:
2966:
319:
3443:
3433:
2816:
2811:
2736:
2672:
2553:
2503:
2493:
2468:
1813:
1639:
870:
697:"Algunas referencias sobre la lengua de los diaguitas chilenos"
379:
1012:
Departamento de Extensión Cultural del Ministerio de Educación
3083:
3027:
3018:
2906:
2483:
430:
391:
385:
269:
where most indigenous toponyms has been attributed to either
233:
Crónica y relación copiosa y verdadera de los reinos de Chile
192:
Ancient Diaguitas were not a unified people; the language or
158:
58:
3665:
Population history of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas
2232:
185:
was first applied to peoples and archaeological cultures by
161:. Eastern or Argentine Diaguitas lived in the provinces of
1105:
394:, and Inca techniques in agriculture and metalworking.
323:
Replica of a Diaguita ceramic bowl from northern Chile
3660:
Painting in the Americas before European colonization
655:
653:
651:
649:
647:
645:
643:
629:
Censo Nacional de Población, Hogares y Viviendas 2010
470:
330:
communities in the southern Diaguita lands – that is
1781:
819:
817:
815:
813:
811:
809:
307:. Later, this culture was replaced in Chile by the
150:. Western or Chilean Diaguitas lived mainly in the
640:
624:
622:
350:almost all indigenous toponymy belongs either to
3704:
968:
806:
772:"Los 10 principales pueblos indígenas de Chile"
235:, claim the Diaguitas inhabiting the different
3640:Ceramics of Indigenous peoples of the Americas
3625:Category: Archaeological sites in the Americas
984:
982:
980:
959:
950:
934:
932:
916:
914:
912:
910:
908:
906:
904:
902:
799:
797:
690:
688:
686:
684:
619:
207:According to the 2010 census there are 67,410
2218:
1767:
1091:
1000:
941:
720:
716:
714:
694:
601:"INE entrega nuevos resultados de Censo 2017"
383:
766:
764:
977:
929:
899:
864:
857:
855:
853:
834:(in Spanish). pp. 1–16. Archived from
794:
681:
595:
593:
456:Diaguitas of the eastern side of the Andes
23:Indigenous people who live in South America
2225:
2211:
1774:
1760:
1098:
1084:
1044:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
737:
711:
3630:Portal:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
890:
823:
761:
3753:Archaeological cultures of South America
2234:Pre-Columbian civilizations and cultures
850:
590:
417:and Peru. In what came to be called the
396:
318:
204:in the upper courses of Andean valleys.
122:
3723:Indigenous peoples of the Southern Cone
920:
826:"Toponimia indigena del valle de Elqui"
743:
3705:
1794:
1052:
1025:
2206:
1920:
1793:
1755:
1079:
254:was proposed by Rodolfo Schuller and
127:Flag of the Diaguita people in Chile.
534:Las Ánimas ceramics (I, II and III)
45:Regions with significant populations
2658:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Venezuela
1107:Ancestry and ethnicity in Argentina
757:(in Spanish), años LI-LIII: 119–262
754:Revista Chilena de Historia Natural
724:Ancient Cultures of the Norte Chico
467:with Mapuche-speaking populations.
13:
3650:Indigenous cuisine of the Americas
2629:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Colombia
782:from the original on June 24, 2021
732:Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino
471:Archaeological chronology in Chile
227:Early Spanish accounts, including
14:
3764:
2641:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Ecuador
2612:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Bolivia
1733:European immigration to Argentina
316:painted in black, white and red.
3682:
2634:Archaeological sites in Colombia
2607:Cultures of Pre-Cabraline Brazil
69:
51:
3728:Indigenous peoples in Argentina
3718:Indigenous peoples of the Andes
2617:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Chile
2194:Category:Ethnic groups in Chile
1921:
1783:Ancestry and ethnicity in Chile
1001:Ampuero Brito, Gonzalo (1978).
994:
925:(in Spanish). pp. 197–214.
892:10.4067/S0717-73562017005000028
721:Ampuero Brito, Gonzalo (1991),
1061:, Chile: Ediciones Akhilleus.
695:Carvajal Lazo, Herman (1989),
303:which existed from 300 to 700
1:
3561:Spanish Conquest of Guatemala
2622:Archaeological sites in Chile
778:(in Spanish). June 24, 2021.
584:
169:and part of the provinces of
3655:Mesoamerican writing systems
3612:
2651:Archaeological sites in Peru
669:Biblioteca Nacional de Chile
579:Prehispanic history of Chile
499:Diaguita, Inca and Colonial
7:
3748:Indigenous peoples in Chile
3551:Spanish Conquest of Yucatán
1028:El gran alzamiento diaguita
923:La frontera del estado Inca
557:
239:spoke different languages.
222:
189:in the early 20th century.
94:(extinct) •
10:
3769:
3743:Ethnic groups in Argentina
3577:Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada
3480:Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kʼawiil
746:"Cultura diaguita–chilena"
284:
280:
15:
3678:
3620:
3611:
3531:
3454:
3429:
3400:
3375:
3350:
3325:
3300:
3269:
3244:
3219:
3188:
3151:
3126:
3089:
3058:
3033:
3004:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2980:
2975:
2802:Llanos de Moxos (Bolivia)
2587:
2419:
2276:
2240:
2191:
2063:Americans & Canadians
2050:
1933:
1929:
1916:
1852:
1806:
1802:
1789:
1725:
1673:
1632:
1581:
1524:
1498:
1452:
1441:
1420:
1411:
1336:
1266:
1163:
1156:
1123:
1113:
550:
545:
538:
533:
528:
521:
516:
511:
506:
503:
498:
495:
488:
483:
480:
477:
458:rose against Spanish rule
450:García Hurtado de Mendoza
448:During the government of
110:
105:
90:
85:
67:
49:
44:
39:
34:
3689:Civilizations portal
2646:Cultural periods of Peru
1115:Ancestral background of
1053:Téllez, Eduardo (2008).
607:(in Spanish). 4 May 2018
493:(1000 CE–1550 CE)
3583:Hernán Pérez de Quesada
2429:Mesoamerican chronology
1055:Los Diaguitas: Estudios
1026:Montes, Aníbal (1961).
974:Montes 1961, pp. 84–85.
824:Carvajal Lazo, Herman.
543:(300 BCE–700 CE)
526:(700 CE–1000 CE)
16:For the earthworm, see
3738:Ethnic groups in Chile
2286:Archaeological periods
744:Cornely, F.L. (1952),
634:April 9, 2016, at the
507:Diaguita III and Inca
410:
384:
324:
291:Incas in Central Chile
142:native to the Chilean
128:
3589:List of Conquistadors
3476:Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal
2887:Quebrada de Humahuaca
2306:Caddoan Mississippian
400:
322:
287:Origin of the Mapuche
126:
106:Related ethnic groups
40:approximately 155,884
3556:Francisco de Montejo
3484:Jasaw Chan Kʼawiil I
2597:Andean civilizations
2524:Shaft tomb tradition
1421:By religious beliefs
988:Ampuero 1978, p. 31.
965:Montes 1961, p. 102.
956:Montes 1961, p. 107.
938:Ampuero 1978, p. 45.
409:, a Diaguita people.
3522:Manco Inca Yupanqui
2827:Manteño-Huancavilca
2296:Ancestral Puebloans
947:Montes 1961, p. 86.
861:Téllez 2008, p. 43.
838:on October 30, 2009
803:Téllez 2008, p. 58.
661:"Pueblos diaguitas"
423:Santiago del Estero
376:Calchaquí Diaguitas
148:Argentine Northwest
31:
3645:Columbian exchange
3635:Portal:Mesoamerica
2787:La Tolita (Tumaco)
2602:Indigenous peoples
2341:Hopewell tradition
2268:Indigenous peoples
1796:Indigenous peoples
1117:Argentine citizens
551:El Molle ceramics
530:Las Ánimas culture
411:
405:were built by the
325:
309:Las Ánimas complex
256:Ricardo E. Latcham
237:Transverse Valleys
187:Ricardo E. Latcham
152:Transverse Valleys
129:
114: •
98: •
29:
3700:
3699:
3696:
3695:
3670:Pre-Columbian art
3606:
3605:
3600:Francisco Pizarro
3566:Pedro de Alvarado
2882:Pucará de Tilcara
2200:
2199:
2187:
2186:
2183:
2182:
1912:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1749:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1332:
1331:
1068:978-956-8762-00-1
555:
554:
504:Diaguita culture
260:Sergio Villalobos
229:Jerónimo de Vivar
140:indigenous people
121:
120:
3760:
3687:
3686:
3685:
3609:
3608:
3595:Spanish Conquest
3572:Spanish Conquest
3547:Spanish Conquest
3536:Spanish Conquest
2978:
2977:
2227:
2220:
2213:
2204:
2203:
1931:
1930:
1918:
1917:
1804:
1803:
1791:
1790:
1776:
1769:
1762:
1753:
1752:
1450:
1449:
1418:
1417:
1161:
1160:
1100:
1093:
1086:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1049:
1043:
1035:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1009:
1004:Cultura diaguita
989:
986:
975:
972:
966:
963:
957:
954:
948:
945:
939:
936:
927:
926:
918:
897:
896:
894:
868:
862:
859:
848:
847:
845:
843:
821:
804:
801:
792:
791:
789:
787:
768:
759:
758:
750:
741:
735:
734:
729:
718:
709:
708:
692:
679:
678:
677:
675:
657:
638:
626:
617:
616:
614:
612:
597:
564:Atacameño people
547:El Molle culture
475:
474:
403:Ruins of Quilmes
389:
382:and established
301:El Molle complex
75:
73:
72:
57:
55:
54:
35:Total population
32:
28:
18:Diaguita (genus)
3768:
3767:
3763:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3758:
3757:
3703:
3702:
3701:
3692:
3683:
3681:
3674:
3616:
3607:
3597:
3586:
3580:
3574:
3563:
3559:
3553:
3549:
3538:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3493:Quemuenchatocha
3491:
3482:
3478:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3422:
3291:
3200:
3174:
3163:
3110:Human Sacrifice
3107:
3099:Human Sacrifice
3096:
3070:
3043:Mayan Languages
2971:
2583:
2415:
2272:
2253:Genetic history
2236:
2231:
2201:
2196:
2179:
2046:
1925:
1904:
1848:
1798:
1785:
1780:
1750:
1737:
1721:
1669:
1628:
1577:
1520:
1494:
1446:
1444:
1437:
1407:
1328:
1262:
1152:
1119:
1109:
1104:
1069:
1037:
1036:
1016:
1014:
1007:
997:
992:
987:
978:
973:
969:
964:
960:
955:
951:
946:
942:
937:
930:
919:
900:
869:
865:
860:
851:
841:
839:
822:
807:
802:
795:
785:
783:
770:
769:
762:
748:
742:
738:
727:
719:
712:
693:
682:
673:
671:
665:Memoria chilena
659:
658:
641:
636:Wayback Machine
627:
620:
610:
608:
599:
598:
591:
587:
574:Mapuche history
560:
542:
525:
492:
473:
297:
283:
225:
209:self-identified
135:are a group of
133:Diaguita people
70:
68:
52:
50:
27:
24:
21:
12:
11:
5:
3766:
3756:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3733:Salta Province
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3698:
3697:
3694:
3693:
3679:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3604:
3603:
3592:
3569:
3544:
3533:
3529:
3528:
3507:
3486:
3473:
3456:
3455:Notable Rulers
3452:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3427:
3426:
3424:Neo-Inca State
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3398:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3373:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3348:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3323:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3298:
3297:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3267:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3242:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3217:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3195:
3190:
3186:
3185:
3180:
3169:
3158:
3153:
3149:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3124:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3102:
3091:
3087:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3065:
3060:
3056:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3031:
3030:
3025:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3002:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2643:
2638:
2637:
2636:
2626:
2625:
2624:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2593:
2591:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2425:
2423:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2282:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2237:
2230:
2229:
2222:
2215:
2207:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2081:
2080:
2075:
2065:
2060:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1937:
1935:
1927:
1926:
1914:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1856:
1854:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1810:
1808:
1800:
1799:
1787:
1786:
1779:
1778:
1771:
1764:
1756:
1747:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1719:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1700:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1681:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1667:
1664:
1659:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1636:
1634:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1585:
1583:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1557:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1528:
1526:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1456:
1454:
1447:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1435:
1430:
1424:
1422:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1359:
1358:
1353:
1342:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1270:
1268:
1267:Non Indigenous
1264:
1263:
1261:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1169:
1167:
1158:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1129:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1103:
1102:
1095:
1088:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1067:
1057:(in Spanish).
1050:
1030:(in Spanish).
1023:
1010:(in Spanish).
996:
993:
991:
990:
976:
967:
958:
949:
940:
928:
898:
881:(in Spanish).
863:
849:
805:
793:
760:
736:
710:
703:(in Spanish),
680:
667:(in Spanish),
639:
618:
588:
586:
583:
582:
581:
576:
571:
566:
559:
556:
553:
552:
549:
544:
536:
535:
532:
527:
519:
518:
514:
513:
509:
508:
505:
501:
500:
497:
494:
486:
485:
482:
479:
472:
469:
419:Calchaquí Wars
295:Calchaquí Wars
282:
279:
224:
221:
202:mollusc shells
137:South American
119:
118:
108:
107:
103:
102:
88:
87:
83:
82:
79:
65:
64:
61:
47:
46:
42:
41:
37:
36:
25:
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3765:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3691:
3690:
3677:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3619:
3615:
3610:
3601:
3596:
3593:
3590:
3584:
3578:
3573:
3570:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3548:
3545:
3542:
3541:Hernán Cortés
3537:
3534:
3530:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3457:
3453:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3428:
3425:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3399:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3374:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3349:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3324:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3268:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3243:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3218:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3204:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3187:
3184:
3181:
3178:
3173:
3170:
3167:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3150:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3125:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3111:
3106:
3103:
3100:
3095:
3092:
3088:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3074:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3057:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3003:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2979:
2974:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2630:
2627:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2589:South America
2586:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2412:
2411:Weeden Island
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2386:Poverty Point
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2351:Mississippian
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2278:North America
2275:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2248:Paleo-Indians
2246:
2245:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2228:
2223:
2221:
2216:
2214:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2195:
2190:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1919:
1915:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1777:
1772:
1770:
1765:
1763:
1758:
1757:
1754:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1718:Luxembourgian
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1672:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1497:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1451:
1448:
1440:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1410:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1155:
1149:
1148:South African
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1126:
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3463:Moctezuma II
3420:Inca history
3345:Andean Music
3289:Architecture
3284:Architecture
3279:Architecture
3274:Architecture
3270:Architecture
3264:Gender Roles
3009:Tenochtitlan
2932:Timoto–Cuica
2927:Tierradentro
2761:
2712:Casma–Sechin
2444:Chalcatzingo
1869:
1393:Roma (Gypsy)
1187:
1138:Cape Verdean
1054:
1034:, Argentina.
1027:
1015:. Retrieved
1003:
995:Bibliography
970:
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882:
876:
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840:. Retrieved
836:the original
831:Academia.edu
829:
786:December 15,
784:. Retrieved
775:
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700:
672:, retrieved
664:
609:. Retrieved
604:
539:
522:
512:Diaguita II
489:
462:
447:
415:Paraná River
412:
372:depopulation
368:
360:Grete Mostny
348:Elqui Valley
326:
298:
267:Elqui Valley
264:
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226:
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191:
182:
154:that incise
132:
130:
26:Ethnic group
3526:Túpac Amaru
3510:Manco Cápac
3459:Moctezuma I
3370:Agriculture
3365:Agriculture
3360:Agriculture
3351:Agriculture
3294:Road System
3183:Mathematics
3048:Muysc Cubun
2902:San Agustín
2852:Monte Verde
2529:Teotihuacan
2421:Mesoamerica
2316:Coles Creek
2301:Anishinaabe
2258:Archaeology
2078:Palestinian
1923:Immigration
1614:Montenegrin
1445:and country
1017:January 30,
674:January 30,
517:Diaguita I
437:(1591) and
181:. The term
144:Norte Chico
3707:Categories
3497:Tisquesusa
3471:Cuauhtémoc
3467:Cuitláhuac
2797:Lauricocha
2767:Gran Chaco
2757:Cupisnique
2742:Chinchorro
2717:Chachapoya
2707:Caral–Supe
2549:Tlaxcaltec
2539:Teuchitlán
2454:Chupícuaro
2381:Plum Bayou
2376:Plaquemine
2346:Marksville
2311:Chichimeca
2175:Venezuelan
2155:Paraguayan
2085:Argentines
1807:Araucanian
1655:Portuguese
1609:Macedonian
1545:Lithuanian
1506:Belarusian
1324:Venezuelan
1309:Paraguayan
1165:Indigenous
1143:Senegalese
585:References
340:Combarbalá
285:See also:
3518:Atahualpa
3514:Pachacuti
3489:Nemequene
3355:Chinampas
3177:Astronomy
3166:Astronomy
3146:Mythology
3141:Mythology
3136:Mythology
3131:Mythology
3127:Mythology
2957:Wankarani
2947:Tuncahuán
2837:Marajoara
2792:Las Vegas
2678:Atacameño
2574:Xochipala
2514:Purépecha
2474:Epi-Olmec
2464:Cuicuilco
2406:Troyville
2396:St. Johns
2170:Uruguayan
2115:Dominican
2110:Colombian
2100:Brazilian
2008:Hungarian
1895:Tehuelche
1875:Kaweshkar
1865:Atacameño
1834:Pehuenche
1819:Huilliche
1594:Bulgarian
1582:Southeast
1567:Norwegian
1564:Icelandic
1516:Ukrainian
1475:Hungarian
1443:By region
1428:Mennonite
1398:Taiwanese
1319:Uruguayan
1299:Dominican
1289:Colombian
1284:Brazilian
1253:Tehuelche
1223:Pehuenche
1040:cite book
496:Hispanic
454:Calchaquí
425:(1550s),
198:chiefdoms
167:Catamarca
159:mountains
156:semi-arid
112:Atacameño
86:Languages
77:Argentina
3713:Diaguita
3614:See also
3532:Conquest
3505:Zoratama
3172:Calendar
3161:Calendar
3156:Calendar
3152:Calendar
3121:Religion
3116:Religion
3105:Religion
3094:Religion
3090:Religion
3079:Numerals
3073:Numerals
3034:Language
3014:Multiple
2952:Valdivia
2937:Tiwanaku
2897:Saladoid
2892:Quimbaya
2782:Kuhikugu
2762:Diaguita
2752:Chorrera
2569:Veraguas
2564:Veracruz
2544:Tlatilco
2356:Mogollon
2263:Cultures
2241:Americas
2160:Peruvian
2135:Japanese
2120:Filipino
2095:Bolivian
2090:Armenian
2073:Lebanese
1978:Croatian
1966:Scottish
1941:Austrian
1934:European
1890:Selk'nam
1880:Quechuas
1870:Diaguita
1839:Picunche
1692:Scottish
1683:British
1633:Southern
1619:Romanian
1599:Croatian
1589:Albanian
1535:Estonian
1525:Northern
1460:Austrian
1383:Japanese
1363:Armenian
1351:Lebanese
1314:Peruvian
1279:Bolivian
1274:American
1248:Selk'nam
1188:Diaguita
1157:Americas
1059:Santiago
878:Chungará
780:Archived
632:Archived
558:See also
484:Pottery
481:Culture
435:La Rioja
433:(1582),
429:(1565),
364:El Molle
336:La Ligua
223:Language
215:and the
194:dialects
183:Diaguita
175:San Juan
163:La Rioja
146:and the
30:Diaguita
3501:Tundama
3430:Peoples
3415:History
3410:History
3405:History
3401:History
3395:Cuisine
3390:Cuisine
3385:Cuisine
3380:Cuisine
3376:Cuisine
3234:Warfare
3229:Warfare
3224:Warfare
3220:Warfare
3214:Society
3209:Economy
3198:Society
3193:Society
3189:Society
3059:Writing
3053:Quechua
3038:Nahuatl
3005:Capital
2942:Toyopán
2922:Tairona
2832:Mapuche
2747:Chiripa
2722:Chancay
2693:Cañaris
2668:Amotape
2663:El Abra
2579:Zapotec
2559:Totonac
2534:Tepanec
2519:Quelepa
2489:Mezcala
2479:Huastec
2449:Cholula
2439:Capacha
2434:Acolhua
2391:Sinagua
2366:Patayan
2336:Hohokam
2326:Fremont
2150:Mexican
2125:Haitian
2105:Chinese
2058:African
2033:Spanish
2028:Russian
2018:Italian
1961:English
1956:British
1951:Belgian
1885:Rapanui
1844:Puelche
1829:Moluche
1824:Mapuche
1687:English
1680:Belgian
1674:Western
1666:Maltese
1662:Italian
1645:Spanish
1624:Serbian
1571:Swedish
1560:Finnish
1551:Nordic
1540:Latvian
1531:Baltic
1511:Russian
1499:Eastern
1485:Slovene
1453:Central
1403:Turkish
1378:Israeli
1368:Chinese
1304:Mexican
1294:Chilean
1258:Teushen
1243:Quilmes
1238:Quechua
1218:Nivaclé
1208:Mapuche
1193:Guaraní
1183:Capayán
1133:Angolan
1032:Rosario
842:May 18,
611:12 July
478:Period
443:Londres
427:Tucumán
407:Quilmes
380:kurakas
356:Mapuche
352:Quechua
332:Petorca
328:Mapuche
314:pottery
281:History
275:Mapuche
271:Quechua
246:lexicon
241:Jesuits
217:Mapuche
179:Tucumán
116:Quilmes
100:Spanish
96:Quechua
3444:Muisca
3439:Mayans
3434:Aztecs
3068:Script
3063:Script
3023:Bacatá
2994:Muisca
2877:Pucará
2872:Piaroa
2867:Paiján
2862:Omagua
2817:Lupaca
2812:Lokono
2777:Kalina
2772:Huetar
2732:Chavín
2727:Chango
2702:Nariño
2698:Capulí
2688:Calima
2683:Aymara
2673:Arawak
2554:Toltec
2504:Olmecs
2499:Nicoya
2494:Mixtec
2469:Diquis
2371:Picosa
2361:Oshara
2331:Glades
2321:Dorset
2165:Romani
2145:Korean
2140:Jewish
2130:Indian
2051:Others
2023:Polish
1998:German
1993:French
1946:Basque
1900:Yaghan
1860:Aimara
1853:Others
1709:French
1650:Basque
1640:Iberic
1555:Danish
1480:Polish
1470:German
1433:Jewish
1413:Europe
1388:Korean
1373:Indian
1356:Syrian
1213:Mocoví
1198:Huarpe
1173:Abipón
1125:Africa
1065:
707:: 1–11
523:Middle
344:Choapa
293:, and
213:Aymara
81:67,410
74:
63:88,474
56:
3449:Incas
3340:Music
3335:Music
3330:Music
3326:Music
3259:Women
3254:Women
3249:Women
3245:Women
3203:Trade
3084:Quipu
3028:Cusco
3019:Hunza
2984:Aztec
2917:Taíno
2912:Sican
2907:Shuar
2857:Nazca
2847:Mollo
2842:Moche
2822:Luzia
2737:Chimú
2509:Pipil
2484:Izapa
2459:Coclé
2401:Thule
2291:Adena
2038:Swiss
2013:Irish
2003:Greek
1988:Dutch
1983:Czech
1971:Welsh
1814:Cunco
1714:Irish
1704:Dutch
1697:Welsh
1604:Greek
1490:Swiss
1465:Czech
1203:Kolla
1178:Chané
1008:(PDF)
885:(4).
749:(PDF)
728:(PDF)
701:Logos
540:Early
439:Jujuy
431:Salta
392:Cuzco
386:mitma
252:Cacán
171:Salta
92:Cacán
59:Chile
3239:Army
3021:and
2999:Inca
2989:Maya
2967:Zenú
2962:Wari
2807:Lima
2068:Arab
1346:Arab
1338:Asia
1228:Poya
1063:ISBN
1046:link
1019:2014
844:2022
788:2021
676:2014
613:2022
490:Late
401:The
342:and
177:and
165:and
131:The
3320:Art
3315:Art
3310:Art
3305:Art
3301:Art
1726:All
1233:Qom
887:doi
366:.
354:or
273:or
231:'s
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