1470:
1003:
2256:"Consolidated text: Regulation (EU) 2019/787 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 April 2019 on the definition, description, presentation, and labeling of spirit drinks, the use of the names of spirit drinks in the presentation and labeling of other foodstuffs, the protection of geographical indications for spirit drinks, the use of ethyl alcohol and distillates of agricultural origin in alcoholic beverages, and repealing Regulation (EC) No 110/2008: Annex 1 - Categories of spirit drinks - 39. Egg liqueur or advocaat or avocat or advokat"
2242:"Consolidated text: Regulation (EU) 2019/787 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 April 2019 on the definition, description, presentation, and labeling of spirit drinks, the use of the names of spirit drinks in the presentation and labeling of other foodstuffs, the protection of geographical indications for spirit drinks, the use of ethyl alcohol and distillates of agricultural origin in alcoholic beverages, and repealing Regulation (EC) No 110/2008: Article 2 - Definition of and requirements for spirit drinks"
44:
857:
1519:
2284:"Consolidated text: Regulation (EU) 2019/787 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 April 2019 on the definition, description, presentation, and labeling of spirit drinks, the use of the names of spirit drinks in the presentation and labeling of other foodstuffs, the protection of geographical indications for spirit drinks, the use of ethyl alcohol and distillates of agricultural origin in alcoholic beverages, and repealing Regulation (EC) No 110/2008: Annex 1 - Categories of spirit drinks"
1695:
66:
1377:
58:
2270:"Consolidated text: Regulation (EU) 2019/787 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 April 2019 on the definition, description, presentation, and labeling of spirit drinks, the use of the names of spirit drinks in the presentation and labeling of other foodstuffs, the protection of geographical indications for spirit drinks, the use of ethyl alcohol and distillates of agricultural origin in alcoholic beverages, and repealing Regulation (EC) No 110/2008"
1227:
1683:
459:
3353:
1553:, and as such, spirit consumption has short-term psychological and physiological effects on the user. Different concentrations of alcohol in the human body have different effects on a person. The effects of alcohol depend on the amount an individual has drunk, the percentage of alcohol in the spirits and the timespan over which the consumption took place.
241:. In an undiluted form, distilled beverages are often slightly sweet and bitter and typically impart a burning mouthfeel with an odor derived from the alcohol and the production and aging processes; the exact flavor varies between different varieties of liquor and the different impurities they impart.
1165:, it is illegal to distill beverage alcohol without a license, and the licensing process is too arduous for hobbyist-scale production. In some parts of the U.S., it is also illegal to sell a still without a license. Nonetheless, all states allow unlicensed individuals to
1073:("burning water", i.e., alcohol) by distilling wine with salt started to appear in a number of Latin works, and by the end of the thirteenth century, it had become a widely known substance among Western European chemists. Its medicinal properties were studied by
1637:, also known as "alcohol use disorder", is a broad term for any drinking of alcohol that results in problems. Alcoholism reduces a person's life expectancy by around ten years and alcohol use is the third-leading cause of early death in the United States.
158:
ordinarily refers to distilled alcoholic spirits rather than beverages produced by fermentation alone, it can sometimes be used more broadly to refer to any alcoholic beverage (or even non-alcoholic products of distillation or various other liquids).
449:
is defined as an alcoholic liquid that is the result of the distillation, after alcoholic fermentation, of agricultural products which does not have the properties of ethyl alcohol and which retain the aroma and taste of the raw materials used.
413:
addition, individually or in combination, to ethyl alcohol of agricultural origin, distillates of agricultural origin, or spirit drinks of flavorings, colors, other authorized ingredients, sweetening products, other agricultural products, and
476:
Some spirit drinks can fall into more than one category. Specific production requirements distinguish one category from another (London gin falls into the Gin category but any gin cannot be considered as London gin).
2190:
1508:(WHO) measures and publishes alcohol consumption patterns in different countries. The WHO measures alcohol consumed by persons 15 years of age or older and reports it on the basis of liters of pure alcohol consumed
2623:
The earliest possible period seems to be the
Eastern Han dynasty... the most likely period for the beginning of true distillation of spirits for drinking in China is during the Jin and Southern Song dynasties
3184:
Understanding and
Treating Alcoholism Volume I: An Empirically Based Clinician's Handbook for the Treatment of Alcoholism: Volume II: Biological, Psychological, and Social Aspects of Alcohol Consumption and
994:
involves freezing the alcoholic beverage and then removing the ice. The freezing technique had limitations in geography and implementation limiting how widely this method was put to use.
1473:
Map of Europe with individual countries grouped by preferred type of alcoholic drink, based on recorded alcohol consumption per capita (age 15+) (in liters of pure alcohol) in 2016.
1611:, which may result in violence or accidents. About 3.3 million deaths (5.9% of all deaths) are due to alcohol each year. Unlike wine and perhaps beer, there is no evidence for a
1033:(23/24–79 CE). This did not immediately lead to the isolation of alcohol, however, despite the development of more advanced distillation techniques in second- and third-century
3155:
2374:
As already mentioned, the textual evidence for Sumero-Babylonian distillation is disclosed in a group of
Akkadian tablets describing perfumery operations, dated ca. 1200 B.C.
2182:
3074:
Feige B, Scaal S, Hornyak M, Gann H, Riemann D (January 2007). "Sleep electroencephalographic spectral power after withdrawal from alcohol in alcohol-dependent patients".
2534:
2491:
280:. Consistent consumption of liquor over time correlates with higher mortality and other harmful health effects, even when compared to other alcoholic beverages.
2789:
321:
Liquor generally has an alcohol concentration higher than 30% when bottled, and before being diluted for bottling, it typically has a concentration over 50%.
1181:. Due to its flammability (see below) alcoholic beverages with an alcohol content above 70% by volume are not permitted to be transported in aircraft.
371:
defined as "a liquid for drinking" occurred in the 14th century. Its use as a term for "an intoxicating alcoholic drink" appeared in the 16th century.
288:
The term "spirit" (singular and used without the additional term "drink") refers to liquor that should not contain added sugar and is usually 35–40%
1169:, and some also allow unlicensed individuals to make their own wine (although making beer and wine is also prohibited in some local jurisdictions).
237:"), typically in amounts of around 50 millilitres (1.7 US fluid ounces) per served drink; or frequently mixed with other ingredients to form a
1584:, so once it is in the bloodstream, it can diffuse into nearly every cell in the body. Alcohol can greatly exacerbate sleep problems. During
2706:
2683:
1242:) will catch fire if heated to about 26 °C (79 °F) and if an ignition source is applied to it. This temperature is called its
3385:
2875:
367:), an early use of the word in the English language, meaning simply "a liquid", can be dated to 1225. The first use documented in the
3159:
1458:
2848:
1158:
It is legal to distill beverage alcohol as a hobby for personal use in some countries, including New
Zealand and the Netherlands.
2896:
1177:
Some countries and sub-national jurisdictions limit or prohibit the sale of certain high-percentage alcohol, commonly known as
1049:, the flammability of the resulting vapors may be enhanced. The distillation of wine is attested in Arabic works attributed to
969:
stills" were capable of producing only very weak liquor, as there was no efficient means of collecting the vapors at low heat.
3052:
2831:
2609:
2564:
2531:
2488:
2397:
3357:
2403:
886:
describing perfumery operations, providing textual evidence that an early, primitive form of distillation was known to the
437:
Spirit drinks must contain at least 15% ABV (except in the case of egg liqueur, which must contain a minimum of 14% ABV).
3259:
2993:
445:
Regulation makes a difference between "ethyl alcohol of agricultural origin" and a "distillate of agricultural origin".
2772:
1624:
2924:
3335:
3316:
3297:
3193:
2743:
2464:
2331:
1573:
102:
5343:
2797:
384:
In accordance with the regulation (EU) 2019/787 of the
European Parliament and of the Council of April 17, 2019, a
17:
1096:
In China, archaeological evidence indicates that the true distillation of alcohol began during the 12th century
1081:(c. 1310–1366), the latter of whom regarded it as a life-preserving substance able to prevent all diseases (the
3423:
3378:
2213:
1464:
2068:"Distilled Spirits Overconsumption as the Most Important Factor of Excessive Adult Male Mortality in Europe"
576:
1720:
1010:
The flammable nature of the exhalations of wine was already known to ancient natural philosophers such as
5348:
1097:
981:
1673:
1469:
1089:
950:
587:
Spirit (supplemented by the name of the fruit, berries or nuts) obtained by maceration and distillation
182:
is sometimes used to distinguish distilled alcoholic drinks from non-distilled ones, whereas the term
5328:
5323:
5318:
3371:
2389:
A short history of the art of distillation: from the beginnings up to the death of
Cellier Blumenthal
1505:
359:
1556:
The short-term effects of alcohol consumption range from a decrease in anxiety and motor skills and
407:
234:
5297:
3438:
1142:
1042:
911:
3575:
3309:
Short
History of the Art of Distillation from the Beginnings up to the Death of Cellier Blumenthal
1192:(also known as craft distilling) began to re-emerge as a trend in the United States following the
3034:
2045:
1828:
1131:
1002:
35:
4774:
3523:
1371:
273:
261:
139:
3657:
2703:
2680:
2597:
2018:
1515:
In Europe, spirits (especially vodka) are more popular in the north and east of the continent.
1178:
329:, which are not distilled, typically have a maximum alcohol content of about 15% ABV, as most
5333:
3453:
3182:
2971:
1588:, residual disruptions in sleep regularity and sleep patterns are the greatest predictors of
1440:
1101:
985:
962:
473:
Annex 1 to the regulation lists 44 categories of spirit drinks and their legal requirements.
3528:
3443:
2760:
1971:
In the
Netherlands, the ABV of the distilled drink must be under 15% ABV without a license.
1917:
1864:
1661:
1561:
1359:
861:
333:
cannot metabolize when the concentration of alcohol is above this level; as a consequence,
245:
5183:
3200:
The World Health
Organization defines alcoholism as any drinking which results in problems
2156:
8:
3550:
3538:
2635:
2323:
2316:
1795:
1620:
1600:
1596:
1569:
1401:
1381:
1286:
1074:
1046:
991:
930:
559:
257:
3958:
631:
605:
396:
either directly by using, individually or in combination, any of the following methods:
3978:
3448:
3394:
3241:
2852:
2819:
2731:
2666:
2425:
2023:
1641:
1628:
1536:
1078:
5253:
5248:
5103:
4864:
1615:
health effect for the consumption of distilled alcohol. Long-term use can lead to an
1230:
These flaming cocktails illustrate that some liquors will readily catch fire and burn.
5008:
4991:
4541:
4328:
4268:
3458:
3331:
3312:
3293:
3245:
3233:
3189:
3137:
3091:
3087:
2827:
2768:
2739:
2605:
2570:
2560:
2466:
Taxila: An
Illustrated Account of Archaeological Investigations Carried Out at Taxila
2445:
2393:
2348:
2327:
2138:
2130:
2089:
1653:
1649:
1235:
899:
876:
289:
249:
230:
163:
2790:"India's Most Popular Liquors: ভারতের সব থেকে জনপ্রিয় মদ কোনগুলি জানেন, রইল তালিকা"
2283:
2269:
2255:
2241:
2066:
Korotayev, Andrey; Khaltourina, Daria; Meshcherina, Kira; Zamiatnina, Elena (2018).
1991:
1711: – Generic term for alcoholic beverages containing 29% to 60% alcohol by volume
1353:
5093:
4912:
4886:
4641:
4521:
3476:
3225:
3127:
3083:
2437:
2120:
2079:
1911:
1416:
1134:
through a water-cooled still, by which an alcohol purity of 90% could be obtained.
1127:
1038:
846:
600:
79:
43:
723:
5338:
4651:
4625:
4556:
4531:
4496:
4445:
4385:
3968:
3433:
3428:
3290:
The Complete Book of Spirits: A Guide to Their History, Production, and Enjoyment
3132:
3115:
2710:
2687:
2538:
2495:
2387:
2363:
2298:
1996:
1725:
1323:
1189:
1120:
1030:
907:
865:
856:
389:
269:
253:
219:
115:
1518:
4966:
4799:
4764:
4576:
4435:
3213:
3114:
O'Keefe, JH; Bhatti, SK; Bajwa, A; DiNicolantonio, JJ; Lavie, CJ (March 2014).
2950:
2675:
Studies in al-Kimya': Critical Issues in Latin and Arabic Alchemy and Chemistry
2593:
1804:
1608:
1581:
1395:
1296:
592:
410:, distillates of agricultural origin or spirit drinks or a combination thereof;
187:
167:
3116:"Alcohol and cardiovascular health: the dose makes the poison...or the remedy"
2441:
65:
5312:
5188:
5048:
4754:
4601:
4501:
4491:
4395:
4303:
4283:
4191:
3973:
2574:
2506:
Javed Husain, "The So-Called 'Distillery' at Shaikhan Dheri - A Case Study",
2449:
2134:
1950:
1834:
1789:
1687:
1645:
1577:
1542:
1239:
1221:
1209:
1162:
1037:. An important recognition, first found in one of the writings attributed to
514:
308:
300:
175:
5168:
2084:
2067:
1376:
980:
dynasty (1st–2nd centuries), but the distillation of beverages began in the
57:
4900:
4536:
4455:
4440:
4323:
3757:
3647:
3642:
3533:
3518:
3237:
3141:
3095:
2928:
2303:. Vol. 1. Translated by Kremers, Edward. New York: Wiley. p. 203.
2142:
2093:
1876:
1822:
1731:
1699:
1657:
1337:
1193:
1130:(1223–1296) describe a method for concentrating alcohol involving repeated
1015:
1006:
An illustration of brewing and distilling industry methods in England, 1858
532:
400:
399:
distillation, with or without added flavorings or flavoring foodstuffs, of
334:
293:
119:
5123:
5098:
4946:
3672:
3229:
2717:, vol. I, pp. 141, 143. Sometimes, sulfur was also added to the wine (see
1762:
1341:
1327:
1260:
The flash points of alcohol concentrations from 10% to 96% by weight are:
965:
says these terracotta distill tubes were "made to imitate bamboo". These "
419:
or by adding, individually or in combination, to it any of the following:
5053:
4814:
4789:
4734:
4656:
4636:
4606:
4136:
4116:
4086:
4023:
3893:
3833:
3797:
3747:
3717:
3707:
3632:
3622:
3612:
3607:
3481:
2125:
2108:
2065:
1753:
1708:
1595:
Drinking more than 1–2 drinks a day increases the risk of heart disease,
1420:
1292:
1243:
1213:
1166:
1116:
1034:
977:
915:
903:
891:
772:
4843:
3858:
711:
5258:
5193:
5138:
5078:
5023:
4971:
4430:
4373:
3697:
3687:
3545:
1780:
1774:
1634:
1616:
1585:
1509:
1217:
1197:
1083:
1058:
958:
818:
745:
615:
462:
4739:
4460:
3363:
3214:"Recognition and management of withdrawal delirium (delirium tremens)"
1881:
1768:
988:(10th–13th centuries) dynasties according to archaeological evidence.
5243:
5208:
5178:
5038:
4749:
4511:
4405:
4368:
4146:
4076:
3953:
3933:
3868:
3787:
3662:
3501:
2554:
1938:
1932:
1858:
1843:
1347:
1333:
1054:
1011:
942:
887:
674:
567:
252:, which can be fatal either due to acute biochemical damage to vital
131:
5033:
4809:
4008:
3113:
1893:
1254:
1250:
is 16.6 °C (61.9 °F), less than average room temperature.
1226:
620:
5268:
5263:
5228:
5218:
5128:
5063:
4956:
4895:
4874:
4859:
4709:
4410:
4273:
4216:
4196:
4096:
4071:
4038:
3923:
3782:
3777:
3767:
3682:
3667:
3652:
2369:
1944:
1926:
1557:
1434:
1407:
1115:
In India, the true distillation of alcohol was introduced from the
1050:
966:
946:
778:
732:
679:
311:
304:
277:
238:
223:
2522:
Frank Raymond Allchin, "India: the ancient home of distillation?"
2479:
Frank Raymond Allchin, "India: the ancient home of distillation?"
1798: – Separating components of a mixture by their melting points
229:
Like other alcoholic drinks, liquor is typically consumed for the
5238:
5158:
5143:
5088:
5001:
4981:
4936:
4921:
4905:
4879:
4844:
4804:
4794:
4744:
4689:
4566:
4551:
4470:
4450:
4415:
4348:
3948:
3908:
3888:
3853:
3812:
3737:
3496:
3491:
3486:
1861: – High-proof distilled spirit, generally produced illicitly
1816:
1810:
1743:
1714:
1612:
1589:
1265:
1247:
919:
895:
738:
716:
695:
640:
625:
597:(supplemented by the name of the fruit or the raw materials used)
481:
466:
315:
215:
203:
171:
162:
The distillation process concentrates the liquid to increase its
48:
31:
4931:
1905:
1765: – Slovak alcoholic beverage flavoured with juniper berries
1682:
729:(supplemented by the name of a fruit or other raw material used)
655:
458:
174:) than other alcoholic drinks, they are considered "harder". In
5278:
5203:
5133:
5113:
5108:
5068:
4779:
4704:
4699:
4684:
4661:
4646:
4621:
4611:
4581:
4571:
4561:
4425:
4390:
4380:
4338:
4333:
4313:
4293:
4221:
4211:
4061:
3928:
3918:
3898:
3873:
3802:
3677:
3352:
2670:
1929: – Several types of flavored distilled alcoholic beverages
1852:
1831: – Distinct beverages associated with a particular country
1749:
1737:
1604:
1565:
1391:
Neat – at room temperature without any additional ingredient(s)
1319:
1313:
1309:
1253:
The flammability of liquor is applied in the cooking technique
1138:
938:
934:
760:
670:
665:
527:
523:
509:
498:
485:
265:
244:
Rapid consumption of a large amount of liquor can cause severe
211:
207:
3022:. Oceanside, California: Bartenders America, Inc. p. 104.
94:
5013:
4819:
4769:
4724:
4714:
4679:
4591:
4465:
4400:
4343:
4206:
4181:
4176:
4161:
4141:
4126:
4106:
4091:
3998:
3988:
3983:
3943:
3938:
3913:
3883:
3848:
3843:
3807:
3792:
3727:
3597:
3511:
1899:
1887:
1870:
1837: – indigenously made Indian moonshine alcoholic beverage
1523:
1424:
1400:
Down – shaken or stirred with ice, strained, and served in a
1305:
1282:
1109:
1105:
973:
954:
923:
702:
651:
610:
582:
547:
541:
537:
330:
233:
effects of alcohol. Liquor may be consumed on its own (i.e. "
191:
135:
127:
123:
51:
1664:. The more alcohol is consumed, the higher the cancer risk.
1380:
A row of alcoholic beverages – in this case, spirits – in a
4926:
4586:
4171:
4151:
4081:
4033:
4028:
3963:
3903:
3506:
2903:
1757:
1550:
1546:
1428:
1394:
Up – shaken or stirred with ice, strained, and served in a
1278:
1272:
832:
707:
659:
480:
Spirit drinks that are not produced within the EU, such as
326:
322:
1819: – French, Dutch and Belgian juniper-flavoured liquor
5153:
4759:
4358:
4018:
2876:"Distilling your own spirits: A drop of the easier stuff"
2183:"Are spirits more dangerous than other alcoholic drinks?"
1908: – Sweetened, anise-flavored Turkish alcoholic drink
1069:). In the twelfth century, recipes for the production of
860:
Distillation equipment used by the 3rd century alchemist
493:
199:
195:
88:
2365:
Chemistry and Chemical Technology in Ancient Mesopotamia
299:
Liquor bottled with added sugar and flavorings, such as
30:
For the sweetened and flavored alcoholic beverages, see
2469:. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press. p. 420.
1848:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
1800:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
1785:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
406:
maceration or similar processing of plant materials in
1332:
60% – 22 °C (72 °F) – strong baijiu, normal
1108:
has been found at an archaeological site in Qinglong,
3073:
1671:
103:
91:
69:
Some single-drink liquor bottles available in Germany
1922:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
1839:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
440:
85:
3574:
2296:
82:
2677:. Hildesheim: Georg Olms Verlag. pp. 283–298.
2315:
2100:
1752: – Distilled alcoholic beverage from China /
1200:movement in the last decades of the 20th century.
3035:"Global status report on alcohol and health 2018"
2669:(2009). "Alcohol and the Distillation of Wine in
1746: – Distilled alcoholic beverage from Okinawa
1740: – South and Southeast Asian alcoholic drink
1452:
894:. Early evidence of distillation also comes from
5310:
1953: – Colombian traditional alcoholic beverage
1855: – Distilled alcoholic beverage from Mexico
296:, for example, is also known as 'fruit spirit'.
2972:"Flash points of ethanol-based water solutions"
2718:
2714:
2653:
2642:. Vol. I–III. Paris: Imprimerie nationale.
2634:
2214:"The Difference Between a Liquor and a Liqueur"
1792: – Alcoholic spirit produced in Goa, India
1607:. The risk is greater in younger people due to
1448:With water poured over sugar (as with absinthe)
3076:Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research
2314:Bunch, Bryan H.; Hellemans, Alexander (2004).
2313:
765:
3379:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3020:National Bartending Center Instruction Manual
2556:Economic history of medieval India, 1200-1500
2119:(6). Oxford University Press (OUP): 585–595.
1301:30% – 29 °C (84 °F) – strong shōchū
809:
803:
796:
638:
61:A display of various liquors in a supermarket
3148:
2796:(in Bengali). April 19, 2022. Archived from
2767:. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
1896: – Traditional Irish distilled beverage
1777: – French clear, colorless fruit brandy
1771: – Distilled beverage popular in Brazil
1087:or "water of life", also called by John the
1045:to boiling wine, which increases the wine's
721:
629:
590:
565:
553:
4847:and infused distilled drinks by ingredients
3188:. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. p. 55.
2917:
2061:
2059:
1902: – Fruit brandy popular in the Balkans
1890: – Grape spirit made in Peru and Chile
824:
816:
776:
683:
4245:
3406:
3386:
3372:
3330:. Gordon & Breach Science Publishers.
3260:"Alcohol and Cancer Risk Fact Sheet - NCI"
3109:
3107:
3105:
3062:
2508:Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society
2379:
2349:"Collection des anciens alchimistes grecs"
1721:Alcohol measurements § Liquor bottles
875:Early evidence of distillation comes from
840:
357:, meaning 'to be fluid'. According to the
3131:
2699:
2665:
2346:
2124:
2083:
2038:
1846: – Drink from the Dominican Republic
1271:12.5% – about 52 °C (126 °F) –
218:, or are infused with flavorings to form
3325:
3211:
3205:
3180:
2818:
2759:
2730:
2548:
2546:
2462:
2056:
1517:
1468:
1459:List of countries by alcohol consumption
1375:
1358:90% or more – 17 °C (63 °F) –
1318:50% – 24 °C (75 °F) – typical
1304:40% – 26 °C (79 °F) – typical
1225:
1148:
1001:
855:
457:
166:. As liquors contain significantly more
64:
56:
42:
27:Alcoholic drink produced by distillation
3393:
3102:
3017:
2951:"Material Safety Data Sheet, Section 5"
2297:Gildemeister, E.; Hoffman, Fr. (1913).
2106:
2046:"distilled spirit – alcoholic beverage"
1734: – Middle Eastern distilled spirit
1640:Consumption of alcohol in any quantity
1545:, the same chemical that is present in
997:
910:was described in the 2nd century AD by
488:, are not listed in the 44 categories.
14:
5311:
3306:
3292:. New York: HarperCollins Publishers.
2873:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2428:(1945). "The Evolution of the Still".
2424:
2418:
2406:from the original on December 20, 2011
2385:
1947: – Alcoholic beverage from Greece
1825: – Retail shop that sells alcohol
1141:) was mentioned in the records of the
1057:(c. 872–950), and in the 28th book of
929:Distillation was known in the ancient
4842:
4244:
3573:
3405:
3367:
2991:
2985:
2543:
2361:
2322:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p.
2318:The History of Science and Technology
2211:
2107:Klatsky, A. L. (September 15, 2003).
1920: – distilled liquor from Vietnam
1530:
957:dating to the early centuries of the
425:ethyl alcohol of agricultural origin;
3287:
2236:
2234:
1965:
1813: – Ukrainian alcoholic beverage
1717: – Flavored Scandinavian spirit
1412:Blended or frozen – blended with ice
408:ethyl alcohol of agricultural origin
3218:The New England Journal of Medicine
2897:"App-1 Appendix on Dangerous Goods"
2592:
2581:
2109:"Wine, Liquor, Beer, and Mortality"
1941: – Distilled spirit from Crete
1914: – Highly concentrated ethanol
428:distillates of agricultural origin;
374:
190:. Some examples of liquors include
24:
3212:Schuckit, MA (November 27, 2014).
2874:Austin, Kim (September 16, 2011).
2262:
2193:from the original on June 27, 2022
1619:, an increased risk of developing
1336:(called mesoraki or middle raki),
1184:
25:
5360:
3345:
2992:Wolke, Robert L. (July 5, 2006).
2552:
2231:
1574:central nervous system depression
1277:15% – 42 °C (108 °F) –
1264:10% – 49 °C (120 °F) –
544:spirit and cider and perry spirit
447:Distillate of agricultural origin
441:Distillate of agricultural origin
379:
142:. Other terms for liquor include
3351:
3088:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00260.x
2826:. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.
2702:(same content also available on
2679:(same content also available on
2113:American Journal of Epidemiology
1884: – Central European alcohol
1693:
1681:
1352:80% – 20 °C (68 °F) –
1346:70% – 21 °C (70 °F) –
1291:20% – 36 °C (97 °F) –
1065:(later translated into Latin as
1061:'s (Latin: Abulcasis, 936–1013)
1041:(ninth century CE), was that by
851:
210:, such as for the production of
78:
3281:
3252:
3174:
3045:
3027:
3011:
2964:
2943:
2889:
2867:
2841:
2812:
2782:
2753:
2724:
2693:
2673:Sources from the 8th Century".
2659:
2647:
2628:
2604:. Routledge. pp. 147–148.
2516:
2500:
2473:
2456:
2355:
2340:
2307:
2290:
2286:. May 25, 2021. pp. 39–61.
2276:
2248:
1203:
693:Bitter-tasting spirit drink or
283:
138:that have already gone through
3424:History of alcoholic beverages
3156:"Alcohol Facts and Statistics"
2205:
2175:
2149:
2011:
1984:
1728: – Italian herbal liqueur
1512:in a given year in a country.
1453:Alcohol consumption by country
1112:, dating to the 12th century.
13:
1:
3311:. Brill Academic Publishers.
2849:"graf-von-katzenelnbogen.com"
2386:Forbes, Robert James (1970).
2244:. May 25, 2021. pp. 2–3.
2212:Filippone, Peggy Trowbridge.
1978:
1873: – Spanish pomace brandy
1465:Alcohol preferences in Europe
1415:With a simple mixer, such as
1161:In many others including the
1153:
1019:
880:
654:-flavored spirit drink (e.g.
606:Juniper-flavored spirit drink
453:
186:is more commonly used in the
3133:10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.11.005
2925:"Flash Point and Fire Point"
2638:; Houdas, Octave V. (1893).
2347:Berthelot, Marcelin (1887).
976:could have begun during the
710:-aromatized spirit drink or
340:
276:) caused by alcohol-induced
206:. Liquors are often aged in
7:
3288:Blue, Anthony Dias (2004).
2719:Berthelot & Houdas 1893
2715:Berthelot & Houdas 1893
2654:Berthelot & Houdas 1893
2258:. May 25, 2021. p. 60.
1935: – Slavic fruit brandy
1667:
1119:and was in wide use in the
926:device in the 3rd century.
847:Distillation § History
10:
5365:
2709:December 29, 2015, at the
2686:December 29, 2015, at the
2537:December 20, 2019, at the
2494:December 20, 2019, at the
2392:. BRILL. pp. 57, 89.
1807: – Distilled beverage
1572:(memory "blackouts"), and
1541:Distilled spirits contain
1534:
1462:
1456:
1369:
1365:
1207:
984:(12th–13th centuries) and
933:, evident from baked clay
918:were using a distillation
844:
628:-flavored spirit drink or
29:
5293:
4852:
4838:
4672:
4481:
4258:
4254:
4240:
4049:
3823:
3587:
3583:
3569:
3469:
3416:
3412:
3401:
3326:Multhauf, Robert (1993).
2994:"Combustible Combination"
2513::3:289-314 (July 1, 1993)
2442:10.1080/00033794500201451
2157:"Alcohol and Blood Sugar"
1506:World Health Organization
1234:Liquor that contains 40%
1137:In 1437, "burned water" (
360:Oxford English Dictionary
4696:Coconut and other palms
4068:Coconut and other palms
3439:History of Bordeaux wine
3328:The Origins of Chemistry
2736:The Origins of Chemistry
2598:"Wine, women and poison"
1958:
1580:are highly permeable to
1143:County of Katzenelnbogen
912:Alexander of Aphrodisias
392:that has been produced:
5344:Mesopotamian inventions
3524:Drinking establishments
3307:Forbes, Robert (1997).
3181:Littrell, Jill (2014).
3120:Mayo Clinic Proceedings
3024: ASIN: B000F1U6HG.
2463:Marshall, John (1951).
2050:Encyclopædia Britannica
1829:List of national drinks
1783: – Style of baijiu
1629:several types of cancer
1522:Abandoned 19th-century
1172:
1132:fractional distillation
1053:(c. 801–873 CE) and to
937:and receivers found at
870:Parisinus graecus 2327.
841:History of distillation
349:and its close relative
314:, are known instead as
274:motor vehicle accidents
36:Liquor (disambiguation)
4731:Sugarcane or molasses
4168:Sugarcane or molasses
3407:History and production
3018:Walkart, C.G. (2002).
2765:The Secrets of Alchemy
2656:, vol. I, pp. 138-139.
2640:La Chimie au Moyen Âge
2362:Levey, Martin (1959).
2072:Alcohol and Alcoholism
1625:cardiovascular disease
1527:
1501:
1439:As an ingredient of a
1433:As an ingredient of a
1387:Liquor can be served:
1384:
1372:Bartending terminology
1231:
1007:
906:, in the 1st century.
872:
825:
817:
810:
804:
797:
777:
766:
722:
684:
639:
630:
591:
566:
554:
470:
337:ceases at that point.
140:alcoholic fermentation
70:
62:
54:
34:. For other uses, see
3454:History of Rioja wine
3230:10.1056/NEJMra1407298
2794:The Bengali Chronicle
2761:Principe, Lawrence M.
2738:. London: Oldbourne.
2351:. Paris. p. 161.
2218:www.thespruceeats.com
2085:10.1093/alcalc/agy054
1662:head-and-neck cancers
1526:distillery in Estonia
1521:
1472:
1379:
1268:-based water solution
1246:. The flash point of
1229:
1149:Government regulation
1123:by the 14th century.
1005:
963:Frank Raymond Allchin
859:
461:
68:
60:
46:
5165:Mammee apple flower
3444:History of Champagne
3360:at Wikimedia Commons
3162:on February 12, 2016
2931:on December 14, 2010
2704:the author's website
2681:the author's website
2636:Berthelot, Marcellin
2052:. December 21, 2023.
1865:Moonshine by country
1617:alcohol use disorder
1406:On the rocks – over
1360:neutral grain spirit
998:Distillation of wine
862:Zosimos of Panopolis
422:other spirit drinks;
246:alcohol intoxication
5215:Sugarcane/molasses
3658:Moscatel de Setúbal
3551:Yeast in winemaking
3539:Yeast in winemaking
3395:Alcoholic beverages
3358:Distilled beverages
2855:on January 26, 2021
2820:Holmyard, Eric John
2732:Multhauf, Robert P.
2667:al-Hassan, Ahmad Y.
2602:Marco Polo in China
2426:Taylor, F. Sherwood
1796:Freeze distillation
1621:physical dependence
1601:atrial fibrillation
1597:high blood pressure
1570:anterograde amnesia
1568:, unconsciousness,
1167:make their own beer
1077:(1240–1311 CE) and
1075:Arnald of Villanova
1047:relative volatility
992:Freeze distillation
931:Indian subcontinent
577:Jerusalem artichoke
258:alcoholic hepatitis
5349:Ancient inventions
3449:History of Chianti
3417:History of alcohol
2800:on August 10, 2022
2721:, vol. I, p. 143).
2163:. January 15, 2019
2126:10.1093/aje/kwg184
2024:Collins Dictionary
1564:(drunkenness), to
1560:at lower doses to
1537:Alcohol and health
1531:Alcohol and health
1528:
1502:
1385:
1232:
1079:John of Rupescissa
1008:
873:
471:
401:fermented products
390:alcoholic beverage
353:is the Latin verb
112:distilled beverage
71:
63:
55:
5306:
5305:
5289:
5288:
4992:Chocolate liqueur
4953:Blackthorn shrub
4834:
4833:
4830:
4829:
4786:Various starches
4542:Tennessee whiskey
4236:
4235:
4232:
4231:
4203:Various starches
3565:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3459:History of Sherry
3356:Media related to
2833:978-0-486-26298-7
2611:978-1-134-27542-7
2566:978-81-317-2791-1
2430:Annals of Science
2399:978-90-04-00617-1
2300:The Volatile Oils
1654:esophageal cancer
1650:colorectal cancer
1644:. Alcohol causes
1576:at higher doses.
1322:, strong whisky,
520:Fruit marc spirit
515:Grape marc spirit
431:other foodstuffs.
290:alcohol by volume
250:alcohol poisoning
164:alcohol by volume
154:. While the word
148:spirituous liquor
16:(Redirected from
5356:
5329:Distilled drinks
5324:Alcoholic drinks
5319:Alcohol industry
4913:Herbs de Majorca
4887:Anisado Mallorca
4840:
4839:
4642:American whiskey
4633:Multiple grains
4522:Buckwheat whisky
4256:
4255:
4242:
4241:
4015:Multiple grains
3585:
3584:
3576:Fermented drinks
3571:
3570:
3477:Alcohol industry
3414:
3413:
3403:
3402:
3388:
3381:
3374:
3365:
3364:
3355:
3341:
3322:
3303:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3256:
3250:
3249:
3209:
3203:
3202:
3178:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3158:. Archived from
3152:
3146:
3145:
3135:
3111:
3100:
3099:
3071:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3031:
3025:
3023:
3015:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3004:
2989:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2968:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2947:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2927:. Archived from
2921:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2901:
2893:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2882:
2871:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2851:. Archived from
2845:
2839:
2837:
2816:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2786:
2780:
2778:
2757:
2751:
2749:
2728:
2722:
2697:
2691:
2678:
2663:
2657:
2651:
2645:
2643:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2618:
2590:
2579:
2578:
2550:
2541:
2530::1:55-63 (1979)
2520:
2514:
2504:
2498:
2487::1:55-63 (1979)
2477:
2471:
2470:
2460:
2454:
2453:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2321:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2294:
2288:
2287:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2238:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2128:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2087:
2063:
2054:
2053:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2004:
1988:
1972:
1969:
1923:
1912:Rectified spirit
1849:
1840:
1801:
1786:
1698:
1697:
1696:
1686:
1685:
1677:
1642:can cause cancer
1495:
1486:
1477:
1340:whisky, typical
1328:blanche absinthe
1326:whisky, typical
1128:Taddeo Alderotti
1067:Liber servatoris
1039:Jābir ibn Ḥayyān
1028:
1024:
1021:
972:Distillation in
914:. Alchemists in
885:
882:
831:Honey nectar or
828:
822:
813:
807:
800:
793:Liqueur with egg
782:
769:
728:
687:
644:
635:
596:
572:, or beer spirit
571:
557:
375:Legal definition
220:flavored liquors
118:produced by the
106:
101:
100:
97:
96:
93:
90:
87:
84:
21:
18:Distilled spirit
5364:
5363:
5359:
5358:
5357:
5355:
5354:
5353:
5309:
5308:
5307:
5302:
5285:
5254:Crème de cassis
5249:Crème de banane
5235:Various fruits
5104:Crème de menthe
4865:Crème de Noyaux
4848:
4826:
4668:
4652:Canadian whisky
4626:Kaoliang liquor
4532:Bourbon whiskey
4497:Japanese whisky
4477:
4446:Marillenschnaps
4422:Various fruits
4250:
4228:
4057:Agave americana
4045:
3819:
3774:Various fruits
3579:
3557:
3465:
3434:History of wine
3429:History of beer
3408:
3397:
3392:
3348:
3338:
3319:
3300:
3284:
3279:
3269:
3267:
3266:. July 14, 2021
3258:
3257:
3253:
3224:(22): 2109–13.
3210:
3206:
3196:
3179:
3175:
3165:
3163:
3154:
3153:
3149:
3112:
3103:
3072:
3063:
3055:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3033:
3032:
3028:
3016:
3012:
3002:
3000:
2998:Washington Post
2990:
2986:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2969:
2965:
2955:
2953:
2949:
2948:
2944:
2934:
2932:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2908:
2906:
2899:
2895:
2894:
2890:
2880:
2878:
2872:
2868:
2858:
2856:
2847:
2846:
2842:
2834:
2817:
2813:
2803:
2801:
2788:
2787:
2783:
2775:
2758:
2754:
2746:
2729:
2725:
2711:Wayback Machine
2698:
2694:
2688:Wayback Machine
2664:
2660:
2652:
2648:
2644:vol. I, p. 137.
2633:
2629:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2594:Haw, Stephen G.
2591:
2582:
2567:
2551:
2544:
2539:Wayback Machine
2521:
2517:
2505:
2501:
2496:Wayback Machine
2478:
2474:
2461:
2457:
2423:
2419:
2409:
2407:
2400:
2384:
2380:
2360:
2356:
2345:
2341:
2334:
2312:
2308:
2295:
2291:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2272:. May 25, 2021.
2268:
2267:
2263:
2254:
2253:
2249:
2240:
2239:
2232:
2222:
2220:
2210:
2206:
2196:
2194:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2166:
2164:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2105:
2101:
2064:
2057:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2029:
2027:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2002:
2000:
1997:Merriam-Webster
1990:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1976:
1975:
1970:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1921:
1847:
1838:
1799:
1784:
1726:Amaro (liqueur)
1704:
1694:
1692:
1680:
1672:
1670:
1539:
1533:
1500:
1493:
1491:
1484:
1482:
1475:
1467:
1461:
1455:
1374:
1368:
1354:strong absinthe
1324:bottled in bond
1224:
1206:
1190:Microdistilling
1187:
1185:Microdistilling
1175:
1156:
1151:
1121:Delhi Sultanate
1063:Kitāb al-Taṣrīf
1031:Pliny the Elder
1026:
1022:
1014:(384–322 BCE),
1000:
908:Distilled water
883:
866:Byzantine Greek
854:
849:
843:
838:
456:
443:
382:
377:
343:
286:
116:alcoholic drink
104:
81:
77:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5362:
5352:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5304:
5303:
5301:
5300:
5294:
5291:
5290:
5287:
5286:
5284:
5283:
5282:
5281:
5273:
5272:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5233:
5232:
5231:
5223:
5222:
5221:
5213:
5212:
5211:
5206:
5198:
5197:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5173:
5172:
5171:
5163:
5162:
5161:
5156:
5148:
5147:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5118:
5117:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5083:
5082:
5081:
5073:
5072:
5071:
5066:
5058:
5057:
5056:
5051:
5043:
5042:
5041:
5036:
5028:
5027:
5026:
5018:
5017:
5016:
5006:
5005:
5004:
4996:
4995:
4994:
4986:
4985:
4984:
4978:Chili peppers
4976:
4975:
4974:
4969:
4967:Cherry Heering
4961:
4960:
4959:
4951:
4950:
4949:
4941:
4940:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4918:
4917:
4916:
4915:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4892:
4891:
4890:
4889:
4877:
4869:
4868:
4867:
4862:
4853:
4850:
4849:
4836:
4835:
4832:
4831:
4828:
4827:
4825:
4824:
4823:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4784:
4783:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4765:Seco Herrerano
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4729:
4728:
4727:
4719:
4718:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4694:
4693:
4692:
4687:
4676:
4674:
4670:
4669:
4667:
4666:
4665:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4631:
4630:
4629:
4616:
4615:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4596:
4595:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4577:Mixiang Baijiu
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4546:
4545:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4526:
4525:
4524:
4516:
4515:
4514:
4506:
4505:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4485:
4483:
4479:
4478:
4476:
4475:
4474:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4420:
4419:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4378:
4377:
4376:
4371:
4363:
4362:
4361:
4353:
4352:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4318:
4317:
4316:
4308:
4307:
4306:
4298:
4297:
4296:
4288:
4287:
4286:
4278:
4277:
4276:
4271:
4262:
4260:
4252:
4251:
4249:by ingredients
4238:
4237:
4234:
4233:
4230:
4229:
4227:
4226:
4225:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4201:
4200:
4199:
4194:
4186:
4185:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4166:
4165:
4164:
4156:
4155:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4131:
4130:
4129:
4121:
4120:
4119:
4111:
4110:
4109:
4101:
4100:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4066:
4065:
4064:
4053:
4051:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4043:
4042:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4013:
4012:
4011:
4003:
4002:
4001:
3993:
3992:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3878:
3877:
3876:
3871:
3863:
3862:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3838:
3837:
3836:
3827:
3825:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3817:
3816:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3772:
3771:
3770:
3762:
3761:
3760:
3752:
3751:
3750:
3742:
3741:
3740:
3732:
3731:
3730:
3722:
3721:
3720:
3712:
3711:
3710:
3702:
3701:
3700:
3692:
3691:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3637:
3636:
3635:
3627:
3626:
3625:
3617:
3616:
3615:
3610:
3602:
3601:
3600:
3591:
3589:
3581:
3580:
3578:by ingredients
3567:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3555:
3554:
3553:
3543:
3542:
3541:
3536:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3515:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3484:
3479:
3473:
3471:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3463:
3462:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3431:
3426:
3420:
3418:
3410:
3409:
3399:
3398:
3391:
3390:
3383:
3376:
3368:
3362:
3361:
3347:
3346:External links
3344:
3343:
3342:
3336:
3323:
3317:
3304:
3298:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3277:
3264:www.cancer.gov
3251:
3204:
3194:
3173:
3147:
3101:
3061:
3044:
3026:
3010:
2984:
2963:
2942:
2916:
2888:
2866:
2840:
2832:
2811:
2781:
2774:978-0226103792
2773:
2752:
2744:
2723:
2700:al-Hassan 2009
2692:
2658:
2646:
2627:
2610:
2580:
2565:
2559:. p. 55.
2553:Habib, Irfan.
2542:
2515:
2499:
2472:
2455:
2417:
2398:
2378:
2372:. p. 36.
2354:
2339:
2332:
2306:
2289:
2275:
2261:
2247:
2230:
2204:
2174:
2161:Diabetes.co.uk
2148:
2099:
2078:(6): 742–752.
2055:
2037:
2010:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1954:
1948:
1942:
1936:
1930:
1924:
1915:
1909:
1903:
1897:
1891:
1885:
1879:
1874:
1868:
1862:
1856:
1850:
1841:
1832:
1826:
1820:
1814:
1808:
1802:
1793:
1787:
1778:
1772:
1766:
1760:
1747:
1741:
1735:
1729:
1723:
1718:
1712:
1705:
1703:
1702:
1690:
1669:
1666:
1609:binge drinking
1578:Cell membranes
1535:Main article:
1532:
1529:
1492:
1483:
1474:
1457:Main article:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1437:
1431:
1413:
1410:
1404:
1398:
1392:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1344:
1342:verte absinthe
1330:
1316:
1302:
1299:
1297:fortified wine
1289:
1275:
1269:
1205:
1202:
1186:
1183:
1179:neutral spirit
1174:
1171:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1027: 287 BCE
999:
996:
884: 1200 BC
879:tablets dated
853:
850:
845:Main article:
842:
839:
837:
836:
829:
814:
801:
794:
791:
770:
757:
742:
735:
730:
719:
714:
705:
699:
691:
690:Distilled anis
688:
677:
668:
663:
649:
636:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
588:
585:
580:
575:Topinambur or
573:
563:
551:
545:
535:
530:
521:
518:
512:
507:
504:
501:
496:
490:
455:
452:
442:
439:
435:
434:
433:
432:
429:
426:
423:
417:
416:
415:
411:
404:
381:
380:European Union
378:
376:
373:
345:The origin of
342:
339:
285:
282:
188:United Kingdom
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5361:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5316:
5314:
5299:
5296:
5295:
5292:
5280:
5277:
5276:
5274:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5236:
5234:
5230:
5227:
5226:
5224:
5220:
5217:
5216:
5214:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5201:
5199:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5189:Grand Marnier
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5176:
5174:
5170:
5167:
5166:
5164:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5151:
5149:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5121:
5119:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5086:
5084:
5080:
5077:
5076:
5074:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5061:
5059:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5049:Cream liqueur
5047:
5046:
5044:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5031:
5029:
5025:
5022:
5021:
5019:
5015:
5012:
5011:
5010:
5007:
5003:
5000:
4999:
4997:
4993:
4990:
4989:
4987:
4983:
4980:
4979:
4977:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4964:
4962:
4958:
4955:
4954:
4952:
4948:
4945:
4944:
4942:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4914:
4911:
4910:
4909:
4908:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4888:
4885:
4884:
4883:
4882:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4872:
4870:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4857:
4855:
4854:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4837:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4787:
4785:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4732:
4730:
4726:
4723:
4722:
4720:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4697:
4695:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4682:
4681:
4678:
4677:
4675:
4671:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4627:
4623:
4620:
4619:
4617:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4549:
4547:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4523:
4520:
4519:
4517:
4513:
4510:
4509:
4507:
4503:
4502:Scotch whisky
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4492:Irish whiskey
4490:
4489:
4487:
4486:
4484:
4480:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4423:
4421:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4383:
4382:
4379:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4366:
4364:
4360:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4315:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4305:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4295:
4292:
4291:
4289:
4285:
4282:
4281:
4280:Cashew apple
4279:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4263:
4261:
4257:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4239:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4192:Fermented tea
4190:
4189:
4187:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4163:
4160:
4159:
4157:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4128:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4118:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4108:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4063:
4060:
4059:
4058:
4055:
4054:
4052:
4048:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4010:
4007:
4006:
4004:
4000:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3974:Shaoxing wine
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3835:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3828:
3826:
3822:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3764:Prickly pear
3763:
3759:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3749:
3746:
3745:
3743:
3739:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3719:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3709:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3699:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3634:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3592:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3568:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3547:
3544:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3489:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3468:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3436:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3389:
3384:
3382:
3377:
3375:
3370:
3369:
3366:
3359:
3354:
3350:
3349:
3339:
3337:2-88124-594-3
3333:
3329:
3324:
3320:
3318:90-04-00617-6
3314:
3310:
3305:
3301:
3299:0-06-054218-7
3295:
3291:
3286:
3285:
3265:
3261:
3255:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3208:
3201:
3197:
3195:9781317783145
3191:
3187:
3186:
3177:
3161:
3157:
3151:
3143:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3126:(3): 382–93.
3125:
3121:
3117:
3110:
3108:
3106:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3054:
3048:
3040:
3036:
3030:
3021:
3014:
2999:
2995:
2988:
2973:
2967:
2952:
2946:
2930:
2926:
2920:
2905:
2898:
2892:
2877:
2870:
2854:
2850:
2844:
2835:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2815:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2785:
2776:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2756:
2747:
2745:9782881245947
2741:
2737:
2733:
2727:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2705:
2701:
2696:
2689:
2685:
2682:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2662:
2655:
2650:
2641:
2637:
2631:
2624:
2613:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2562:
2558:
2557:
2549:
2547:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2529:
2526:, New Series
2525:
2519:
2512:
2509:
2503:
2497:
2493:
2490:
2486:
2483:, New Series
2482:
2476:
2468:
2467:
2459:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2421:
2405:
2401:
2395:
2391:
2390:
2382:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2366:
2358:
2350:
2343:
2335:
2333:0-618-22123-9
2329:
2325:
2320:
2319:
2310:
2302:
2301:
2293:
2285:
2279:
2271:
2265:
2257:
2251:
2243:
2237:
2235:
2219:
2215:
2208:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2178:
2162:
2158:
2152:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2103:
2095:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2062:
2060:
2051:
2047:
2041:
2026:
2025:
2020:
2014:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1987:
1983:
1968:
1964:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1845:
1842:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1691:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1678:
1675:
1665:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1646:breast cancer
1643:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1543:ethyl alcohol
1538:
1525:
1520:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1499:
1490:
1481:
1471:
1466:
1460:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1436:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1397:
1396:stemmed glass
1393:
1390:
1389:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1361:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1274:
1270:
1267:
1263:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1228:
1223:
1222:Flaming drink
1219:
1215:
1211:
1210:Alcohol proof
1201:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1182:
1180:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1163:United States
1159:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1126:The works of
1124:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1104:dynasties. A
1103:
1102:Southern Song
1099:
1094:
1092:
1091:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1017:
1013:
1004:
995:
993:
989:
987:
986:Southern Song
983:
979:
975:
970:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
927:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
878:
871:
867:
863:
858:
852:Early history
848:
834:
830:
827:
821:
820:
815:
812:
806:
802:
799:
795:
792:
790:
786:
781:
780:
774:
771:
768:
763:
762:
758:
756:
752:
748:
747:
743:
741:
740:
736:
734:
731:
727:
725:
720:
718:
715:
713:
709:
706:
704:
700:
698:
697:
692:
689:
686:
681:
678:
676:
672:
669:
667:
664:
661:
657:
653:
650:
648:
643:
642:
637:
634:
633:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
616:Distilled gin
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
595:
594:
589:
586:
584:
581:
578:
574:
570:
569:
564:
561:
556:
552:
549:
546:
543:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
528:raisin brandy
525:
522:
519:
517:or grape marc
516:
513:
511:
508:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
491:
489:
487:
483:
478:
474:
468:
464:
460:
451:
448:
438:
430:
427:
424:
421:
420:
418:
412:
409:
405:
402:
398:
397:
395:
394:
393:
391:
387:
372:
370:
366:
362:
361:
356:
352:
348:
338:
336:
332:
328:
324:
319:
317:
313:
310:
306:
302:
301:Grand Marnier
297:
295:
291:
281:
279:
275:
271:
267:
264:), or due to
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
242:
240:
236:
232:
227:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
176:North America
173:
169:
165:
160:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
108:
99:
75:
67:
59:
53:
50:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
5334:Distillation
4537:Corn whiskey
4441:Himbeergeist
4294:Kirschwasser
4246:
4056:
3754:Pomegranate
3648:Marsala wine
3643:Madeira wine
3534:Simple syrup
3529:Fermentation
3519:Distillation
3327:
3308:
3289:
3282:Bibliography
3268:. Retrieved
3263:
3254:
3221:
3217:
3207:
3199:
3183:
3176:
3164:. Retrieved
3160:the original
3150:
3123:
3119:
3082:(1): 19–27.
3079:
3075:
3047:
3038:
3029:
3019:
3013:
3001:. Retrieved
2997:
2987:
2975:. Retrieved
2966:
2954:. Retrieved
2945:
2933:. Retrieved
2929:the original
2919:
2907:. Retrieved
2891:
2879:. Retrieved
2869:
2857:. Retrieved
2853:the original
2843:
2823:
2814:
2802:. Retrieved
2798:the original
2793:
2784:
2764:
2755:
2750:pp. 204-206.
2735:
2726:
2695:
2674:
2661:
2649:
2639:
2630:
2622:
2615:. Retrieved
2601:
2555:
2527:
2523:
2518:
2510:
2507:
2502:
2484:
2480:
2475:
2465:
2458:
2433:
2429:
2420:
2408:. Retrieved
2388:
2381:
2373:
2364:
2357:
2342:
2317:
2309:
2299:
2292:
2278:
2264:
2250:
2221:. Retrieved
2217:
2207:
2195:. Retrieved
2186:
2177:
2165:. Retrieved
2160:
2151:
2116:
2112:
2102:
2075:
2071:
2049:
2040:
2030:November 29,
2028:. Retrieved
2022:
2013:
2003:November 29,
2001:. Retrieved
1995:
1986:
1967:
1877:Padlamanggan
1867: – none
1823:Liquor store
1658:liver cancer
1639:
1633:
1594:
1562:intoxication
1555:
1540:
1514:
1503:
1497:
1488:
1479:
1386:
1338:barrel proof
1259:
1252:
1248:pure alcohol
1233:
1204:Flammability
1194:microbrewing
1188:
1176:
1160:
1157:
1145:in Germany.
1136:
1125:
1114:
1095:
1090:quintessence
1088:
1082:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1016:Theophrastus
1009:
990:
971:
928:
874:
869:
805:Väkevä glögi
788:
784:
759:
754:
750:
744:
737:
694:
646:
533:Fruit spirit
503:Grain spirit
479:
475:
472:
446:
444:
436:
386:spirit drink
385:
383:
368:
364:
358:
354:
350:
346:
344:
335:fermentation
320:
298:
294:Fruit brandy
287:
284:Nomenclature
262:pancreatitis
243:
231:psychoactive
228:
183:
179:
161:
155:
151:
147:
143:
120:distillation
111:
73:
72:
40:
5200:Star anise
5094:Bénédictine
5054:Irish cream
4790:Aguardiente
4735:Aguardiente
4607:Rye whiskey
4117:Ginger wine
3834:Barley wine
3798:Mulled wine
3748:Plum jerkum
3718:Lychee wine
3708:Longan wine
3633:Bokbunja-ju
3623:Bignay wine
3613:Banana wine
3608:Banana beer
3482:Bathtub gin
3039:www.who.int
3003:January 27,
2859:October 25,
2223:October 25,
1709:Aguardiente
1421:tonic water
1402:rocks glass
1244:flash point
1214:Flash point
1117:Middle East
1071:aqua ardens
1043:adding salt
1035:Roman Egypt
978:Eastern Han
916:Roman Egypt
904:Roman Egypt
898:working in
892:Mesopotamia
890:of ancient
888:Babylonians
868:manuscript
864:, from the
775:liqueur or
751:marrasquino
506:Wine spirit
414:foodstuffs.
180:hard liquor
178:, the term
152:hard liquor
5313:Categories
5259:Limoncello
5194:Triple sec
5169:Eau créole
5139:Irish Mist
5124:Bärenjäger
5079:Frangelico
5009:Cloudberry
4988:Chocolate
4972:Maraschino
4518:Buckwheat
4431:Eau de vie
3734:Pineapple
3698:Duhat wine
3694:Java plum
3688:White wine
3546:Winemaking
3470:Production
2838:pp. 51–52.
2804:August 10,
2779:pp. 69-71.
2436:(3): 186.
2187:Drinkaware
1979:References
1781:Er guo tou
1775:Eau de vie
1635:Alcoholism
1586:abstinence
1510:per capita
1463:See also:
1445:With water
1370:See also:
1218:Fire point
1208:See also:
1198:craft beer
1154:Production
1093:of wine).
1084:aqua vitae
1059:al-Zahrāwī
1025: – c.
1023: 371
959:Common Era
951:Rang Mahal
900:Alexandria
896:alchemists
826:Beerenburg
811:spritglögg
746:Maraschino
621:London gin
526:spirit or
463:Viru Valge
454:Categories
222:, such as
132:vegetables
5244:Cedratine
5209:Sassolino
5179:Cointreau
5099:Brennivín
5075:Hazelnut
5039:Tia Maria
4998:Cinnamon
4982:Pertsivka
4947:Bierlikör
4750:Desi daru
4512:Bierbrand
4406:Tsikoudia
4369:Slivovitz
4269:Applejack
4147:Kabarawan
4123:Galangal
4077:Palm wine
3954:Rice wine
3934:Makgeolli
3869:Oshikundu
3788:Hippocras
3673:Rosé wine
3663:Port wine
3629:Bokbunja
3502:Lautering
3246:205116954
3053:"who.int"
2575:728102346
2532:full text
2489:full text
2450:0003-3790
2135:0002-9262
1939:Tsikoudia
1933:Slivovitz
1859:Moonshine
1844:Mamajuana
1763:Borovička
1417:club soda
1408:ice cubes
1348:slivovitz
1334:tsikoudia
1055:al-Fārābī
1012:Aristotle
943:Charsadda
819:Berenburg
755:maraskino
701:Flavored
685:janeževec
675:Marseille
568:Bierbrand
555:Hefebrand
341:Etymology
5269:Sloe gin
5264:Schnapps
5229:Licor 43
5225:Vanilla
5219:Charanda
5150:Juniper
5129:Drambuie
5064:Advocaat
5020:Coconut
4957:Patxaran
4896:Anisette
4875:Absinthe
4860:Amaretto
4845:Liqueurs
4710:Lambanog
4618:Sorghum
4557:Cheongju
4411:Tsipouro
4355:Juniper
4329:Armagnac
4274:Calvados
4217:Parakari
4197:Kombucha
4097:Tunggang
4072:Bahalina
4039:Huangjiu
4005:Sorghum
3959:Rượu cần
3924:Gwaha-ju
3859:Tesgüino
3783:Dubonnet
3778:Conditum
3768:Colonche
3683:Vermouth
3668:Red wine
3653:Mistelle
3270:June 28,
3238:25427113
3142:24582196
3096:17207097
2977:June 23,
2956:March 7,
2935:March 6,
2822:(1957).
2763:(2013).
2734:(1966).
2707:Archived
2684:Archived
2617:July 10,
2596:(2006).
2535:Archived
2492:Archived
2410:June 29,
2404:Archived
2370:Elsevier
2197:June 26,
2191:Archived
2167:June 27,
2143:12965884
2094:30113627
2019:"Liquor"
1992:"Liquor"
1945:Tsipouro
1927:Schnapps
1668:See also
1613:J-shaped
1558:euphoria
1435:cocktail
1287:cheongju
1240:US proof
1051:al-Kindī
967:Gandhara
947:Pakistan
877:Akkadian
779:advocaat
767:orehovec
733:Sloe gin
712:pacharán
540:spirit,
467:Estonian
316:liqueurs
312:schnapps
309:American
305:amaretto
278:delirium
239:cocktail
224:absinthe
5275:Walnut
5239:Campari
5184:Curaçao
5175:Orange
5159:Jenever
5144:Krupnik
5089:Aquavit
5030:Coffee
5002:Tentura
4963:Cherry
4937:Sambuca
4922:Mastika
4906:Hierbas
4880:Anisado
4856:Almond
4805:Horilka
4795:Akvavit
4745:Clairin
4740:Cachaça
4690:Tequila
4567:Lao-Lao
4552:Awamori
4488:Barley
4482:Cereals
4471:Schnaps
4461:Pálinka
4451:Nalewka
4416:Zivania
4349:Zivania
4290:Cherry
4247:Liquors
4113:Ginger
3949:Pangasi
3909:Choujiu
3889:Amazake
3865:Millet
3854:Tejuino
3830:Barley
3824:Cereals
3813:Sangria
3738:Tepache
3714:Lychee
3704:Longan
3619:Bignay
3604:Banana
3497:Malting
3492:Brewery
3487:Brewing
2909:May 20,
2881:May 20,
2824:Alchemy
2713:); cf.
1918:Rượu đế
1882:Pálinka
1817:Jenever
1811:Horilka
1769:Cachaça
1744:Awamori
1715:Akvavit
1674:Portals
1590:relapse
1582:alcohol
1498:Spirits
1441:shooter
1366:Serving
1266:ethanol
1029:), and
935:retorts
920:alembic
789:advokat
739:Sambuca
717:Liqueur
696:bitters
652:Aniseed
647:aquavit
641:Akvavit
626:Caraway
601:Gentian
482:tequila
355:liquere
292:(ABV).
216:whiskey
208:barrels
204:tequila
184:spirits
172:ethanol
168:alcohol
49:whiskey
47:An old
32:Liqueur
5339:Drinks
5279:Nocino
5204:Pastis
5134:Glayva
5120:Honey
5114:Unicum
5109:Metaxa
5085:Herbs
5069:Eggnog
5045:Cream
5034:Kahlúa
5024:Malibu
4871:Anise
4815:Shōchū
4810:Poitín
4800:Bangla
4780:Tharra
4721:Dairy
4705:Laksoy
4700:Arrack
4685:Mezcal
4662:Whisky
4657:Shōchū
4647:Baijiu
4622:Baijiu
4612:Starka
4582:Shochu
4572:Lihing
4562:Cholai
4528:Maize
4426:Brandy
4391:Grappa
4386:Chacha
4381:Pomace
4339:Cognac
4334:Brandy
4320:Grape
4314:Boukha
4300:Dates
4265:Apple
4222:Ibwatu
4212:Chicha
4158:Sugar
4133:Honey
4103:Dairy
4062:Pulque
4009:Pendhā
3929:Hariya
3919:Dansul
3899:Beopju
3874:Tongba
3803:Nabidh
3678:Sherry
3639:Grape
3594:Apple
3334:
3315:
3296:
3244:
3236:
3192:
3166:May 9,
3140:
3094:
2830:
2771:
2742:
2671:Arabic
2608:
2573:
2563:
2448:
2396:
2330:
2141:
2133:
2092:
1894:Poitín
1853:Mezcal
1754:Shōchū
1750:Baijiu
1738:Arrack
1688:Liquor
1660:, and
1605:stroke
1603:, and
1566:stupor
1496:
1494:
1487:
1485:
1478:
1476:
1320:baijiu
1314:brandy
1310:whisky
1293:shōchū
1255:flambé
1220:, and
1139:brandy
939:Taxila
835:nectar
798:Mistrà
785:avocat
761:Nocino
671:Pastis
666:Pastis
632:Kümmel
579:spirit
562:spirit
550:spirit
524:Raisin
510:Brandy
499:Whisky
486:baijiu
388:is an
351:liquid
347:liquor
331:yeasts
307:, and
268:(e.g.
266:trauma
256:(e.g.
254:organs
212:brandy
156:liquor
144:spirit
128:fruits
124:grains
114:is an
74:Liquor
5014:Lakka
4943:Beer
4820:Vodka
4770:Sulai
4755:Guaro
4725:Arkhi
4715:Sotol
4680:Agave
4673:Other
4592:Sulai
4548:Rice
4508:Beer
4466:Rakia
4436:Geist
4401:Orujo
4374:Țuică
4365:Plum
4344:Pisco
4304:Araqi
4259:Fruit
4207:Cauim
4182:Palek
4177:Intus
4162:Kilju
4142:Byais
4127:Byais
4107:Kumis
4092:Tuhak
4050:Other
3999:Kvass
3989:Tapuy
3984:Tapai
3979:Sonti
3944:Mirin
3939:Mijiu
3914:Chuak
3884:Agkud
3880:Rice
3849:Pozol
3844:Mageu
3840:Corn
3808:Pruno
3793:Jabol
3758:Rimon
3744:Plum
3728:Perry
3724:Pear
3598:Cider
3588:Fruit
3512:Yeast
3242:S2CID
3185:Abuse
3056:(PDF)
2900:(PDF)
1959:Notes
1951:Viche
1900:Rakia
1888:Pisco
1871:Orujo
1835:Mahua
1805:Geist
1790:Fenny
1700:Drink
1524:vodka
1427:, or
1425:juice
1306:vodka
1283:mijiu
1110:Hebei
1106:still
974:China
955:India
924:still
724:Crème
703:vodka
593:Geist
583:Vodka
548:Honey
542:perry
538:Cider
469:vodka
465:, an
270:falls
192:vodka
136:sugar
134:, or
110:) or
52:still
5298:List
5060:Egg
4932:Rakı
4927:Ouzo
4901:Arak
4775:Sura
4602:Korn
4598:Rye
4587:Soju
4456:Oghi
4396:Marc
4324:Arak
4310:Fig
4284:Feni
4188:Tea
4172:Basi
4152:Mead
4137:Bais
4087:Tubâ
4082:Tuak
4034:Boza
4029:Beer
3995:Rye
3969:Sato
3964:Sake
3904:Brem
3507:Wort
3332:ISBN
3313:ISBN
3294:ISBN
3272:2022
3234:PMID
3190:ISBN
3168:2015
3138:PMID
3092:PMID
3005:2011
2979:2011
2958:2011
2937:2011
2911:2020
2904:ICAO
2883:2020
2861:2008
2828:ISBN
2806:2022
2769:ISBN
2740:ISBN
2619:2016
2606:ISBN
2571:OCLC
2561:ISBN
2446:ISSN
2412:2010
2394:ISBN
2328:ISBN
2225:2023
2199:2022
2169:2022
2139:PMID
2131:ISSN
2090:PMID
2032:2022
2005:2022
1906:Rakı
1758:Soju
1732:Arak
1627:and
1551:wine
1549:and
1547:beer
1504:The
1489:Beer
1480:Wine
1429:cola
1279:sake
1273:wine
1238:(80
1196:and
1173:Sale
949:and
941:and
833:mead
708:Sloe
680:Anis
660:ouzo
656:rakı
560:lees
327:wine
325:and
323:Beer
260:and
235:neat
214:and
202:and
5154:Gin
4760:Rum
4637:Ara
4359:Gin
4024:Ara
4019:Ale
3894:Apo
3226:doi
3222:371
3128:doi
3084:doi
2524:Man
2481:Man
2438:doi
2121:doi
2117:158
2080:doi
1592:.
1382:bar
1312:or
1236:ABV
1100:or
1098:Jin
982:Jin
953:in
945:in
922:or
823:or
808:or
787:or
773:Egg
764:ou
753:or
682:or
673:de
645:or
611:Gin
558:or
494:Rum
484:or
369:OED
365:OED
272:or
248:or
200:gin
196:rum
150:or
122:of
107:-ər
105:LIK
5315::
3262:.
3240:.
3232:.
3220:.
3216:.
3198:.
3136:.
3124:89
3122:.
3118:.
3104:^
3090:.
3080:31
3078:.
3064:^
3037:.
2996:.
2902:.
2792:.
2690:).
2621:.
2600:.
2583:^
2569:.
2545:^
2528:14
2511:41
2485:14
2444:.
2432:.
2402:.
2368:.
2326:.
2324:88
2233:^
2216:.
2189:.
2185:.
2159:.
2137:.
2129:.
2115:.
2111:.
2088:.
2076:53
2074:.
2070:.
2058:^
2048:.
2021:.
1994:.
1756:/
1656:,
1652:,
1648:,
1631:.
1623:.
1599:,
1423:,
1419:,
1308:,
1295:,
1285:,
1281:,
1257:.
1216:,
1212:,
1020:c.
961:.
902:,
881:c.
783:,
749:,
726:de
658:,
318:.
303:,
226:.
198:,
194:,
146:,
130:,
126:,
95:ər
4628:)
4624:(
3387:e
3380:t
3373:v
3340:.
3321:.
3302:.
3274:.
3248:.
3228::
3170:.
3144:.
3130::
3098:.
3086::
3058:.
3041:.
3007:.
2981:.
2960:.
2939:.
2913:.
2885:.
2863:.
2836:.
2808:.
2777:.
2748:.
2577:.
2452:.
2440::
2434:5
2414:.
2336:.
2227:.
2201:.
2171:.
2145:.
2123::
2096:.
2082::
2034:.
2007:.
1676::
1018:(
662:)
403:;
363:(
170:(
98:/
92:k
89:ɪ
86:l
83:ˈ
80:/
76:(
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
