140:. When such rock solidifies, the magnetite aligns itself with the prevailing magnetic field at the time, thus providing a sort of "fossil" magnetic record. If new crust were being formed at the ridges and moving away, as Hess theorized, then reversals in the Earth's magnetic polarity would result in just the kind of parallel, symmetrical anomalies that Matthews' survey had found. The ocean crust would in effect act as a kind of giant tape recorder of magnetic anomalies over time.
33:
380:
113:
activity. Hess hypothesized that new ocean crust was being formed at the ocean ridges by extrusions of magma from the Earth's mantle, and that convection currents within the mantle were continuously carrying the newly formed crust away from the ridge, widening the ocean basin and pushing the continents apart.
149:
in 1963. From then on, rapid progress was made both in terms of acceptance of Hess's theory and of further verification. Subsequent surveys of other ocean ridges showed similar and correlatable anomalies in every case. Confirmation of the Earth's polarity reversals a few years later not only further
112:
had never gained much scientific support due to its lack of any satisfactory mechanism to drive the process. During the 1950s, however, extensive surveys of the ocean floor revealed a global, linked system of mid-ocean ridges, all of which exhibited high thermal flow and considerable seismic
128:. This revealed a pattern of magnetic anomalies running in parallel stripes and virtually symmetrically on either side of the ridge. The most plausible explanation for these anomalies required the assumption (already in circulation at the time, but not yet proven) that the
154:
but provided a timescale allowing the rate of spreading to be estimated for each section of ocean ridge. The contribution of
Matthews and Vine proved to be an essential element in the development and acceptance of plate tectonics theory.
712:
170:
429:
236:
196:
166:
687:
50:(5 February 1931 – 20 July 1997), known as "Drum", was a British marine geologist and geophysicist and a key contributor to the theory of
682:
65:, showed how variations in the magnetic properties of rocks forming the ocean floor could be consistent with, and ultimately help confirm,
143:
Matthews and his research student, Fred Vine, published these ideas in the article "Magnetic
Anomalies over Ocean Ridges" in the magazine
267:
677:
151:
17:
697:
412:
384:
524:
474:
359:
692:
174:
90:
349:
702:
722:
275:
117:
74:
421:
47:
707:
194:
White, R. S. (1999). "Drummond Hoyle
Matthews. 5 February 1931 -- 20 July 1997: Elected F.R.S. 1974".
129:
514:
459:
494:
405:
390:
717:
469:
159:
672:
667:
314:
279:
8:
641:
636:
539:
318:
574:
330:
213:
70:
66:
646:
554:
534:
484:
398:
355:
109:
217:
334:
322:
241:
205:
145:
94:
253:
631:
499:
489:
464:
78:
62:
51:
589:
549:
519:
479:
454:
245:
105:
37:
132:
had reversed its polarity repeatedly over time. Ocean crust consists of basic
661:
444:
425:
615:
559:
509:
504:
449:
209:
133:
125:
599:
594:
579:
569:
564:
544:
584:
326:
137:
121:
59:
55:
354:. Notable Scientists Series. Infobase Publishing. pp. 159–160.
32:
420:
124:, made a survey across part of an ocean ridge in the north-west
379:
165:
In 1982 Matthews became the first scientific director of the
169:(BIRPS), which had been established in 1981 to carry out
197:
Biographical
Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
167:
713:People educated at The Downs School, Herefordshire
305:(1963). "Magnetic Anomalies over Oceanic Ridges".
240:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004.
659:
234:"The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography".
54:. His work, along with that of fellow Briton
406:
300:
413:
399:
347:
116:In 1962 Matthews, as a research fellow at
341:
89:During World War II he went to school at
27:British marine geologist and geophysicist
31:
237:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
97:in Dorset. He became head boy at both.
14:
660:
229:
227:
394:
193:
136:, containing significant amounts of
688:Alumni of King's College, Cambridge
683:People educated at Bryanston School
224:
24:
580:Robert Henry Stewart Thompson
187:
25:
734:
372:
171:deep seismic reflection profiling
378:
175:United Kingdom Continental Shelf
678:20th-century British geologists
152:Vine–Matthews–Morley hypothesis
294:
260:
13:
1:
180:
84:
73:. In 1989 he was awarded the
36:Drummond Matthews (left) and
698:Fellows of the Royal Society
600:Pierre Henry John Young
595:Stephen Esslemont Woods
276:Geological Society of London
254:UK public library membership
75:Geological Society of London
7:
10:
739:
570:Roger Valentine Short
351:A to Z of Earth Scientists
624:
608:
436:
100:
540:Samuel Victor Perry
515:Albert Edward Litherland
272:Award Winners since 1831
693:Wollaston Medal winners
545:Norman James Petch
77:'s highest honour, the
45:Drummond Hoyle Matthews
18:Drummond Hoyle Matthews
246:10.1093/ref:odnb/64976
210:10.1098/rsbm.1999.0019
130:Earth's magnetic field
41:
703:British geophysicists
470:David Roderick Curtis
160:Chree medal and prize
93:in Malvern, and then
35:
723:Marine geophysicists
632:Renato Dulbecco
387:at Wikimedia Commons
642:Giuseppe Occhialini
637:George H. Hitchings
475:John Frank Davidson
348:Gates A.E. (2009).
319:1963Natur.199..947V
158:In 1977 he won the
575:John Trevor Stuart
71:seafloor spreading
69:'s 1962 theory of
67:Harry Hammond Hess
42:
708:Marine geologists
655:
654:
647:Jean-Pierre Serre
555:John Polkinghorne
535:Peter D. Mitchell
530:Drummond Matthews
495:Jack Halpern
485:Pehr Victor Edman
385:Drummond Matthews
383:Media related to
282:on 19 August 2010
268:"Wollaston Medal"
252:(Subscription or
110:continental drift
16:(Redirected from
730:
525:Richard Matthews
415:
408:
401:
392:
391:
382:
366:
365:
345:
339:
338:
327:10.1038/199947a0
298:
292:
291:
289:
287:
278:. Archived from
264:
258:
257:
249:
231:
222:
221:
191:
95:Bryanston School
21:
738:
737:
733:
732:
731:
729:
728:
727:
658:
657:
656:
651:
620:
604:
500:Stephen Hawking
490:John D. Eshelby
465:Roy Yorke Calne
432:
419:
375:
370:
369:
362:
346:
342:
303:Matthews, D. H.
299:
295:
285:
283:
266:
265:
261:
251:
233:
232:
225:
192:
188:
183:
103:
87:
79:Wollaston Medal
63:Lawrence Morley
52:plate tectonics
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
736:
726:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
653:
652:
650:
649:
644:
639:
634:
628:
626:
622:
621:
619:
618:
612:
610:
606:
605:
603:
602:
597:
592:
590:Frederick Vine
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
550:John R. Philip
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
520:James Lovelock
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
480:Jack D. Dunitz
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
455:Kenneth Burton
452:
447:
440:
438:
434:
433:
418:
417:
410:
403:
395:
389:
388:
374:
373:External links
371:
368:
367:
360:
340:
293:
259:
223:
185:
184:
182:
179:
150:validated the
118:King's College
106:Alfred Wegener
102:
99:
86:
83:
38:Frederick Vine
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
735:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
665:
663:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
629:
627:
623:
617:
614:
613:
611:
607:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
565:John Rishbeth
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
445:Walter Bodmer
442:
441:
439:
435:
431:
427:
426:Royal Society
423:
416:
411:
409:
404:
402:
397:
396:
393:
386:
381:
377:
376:
363:
361:9781438109190
357:
353:
352:
344:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
313:(4897): 947.
312:
308:
304:
301:Vine, F. J.;
297:
281:
277:
273:
269:
263:
255:
247:
243:
239:
238:
230:
228:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
198:
190:
186:
178:
176:
172:
168:
163:
161:
156:
153:
148:
147:
141:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
114:
111:
108:'s theory of
107:
98:
96:
92:
82:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
61:
57:
53:
49:
46:
39:
34:
30:
19:
718:Tectonicists
616:Vivian Fuchs
560:Charles Rees
529:
510:Robert Hinde
505:Volker Heine
450:William Boon
350:
343:
310:
306:
302:
296:
284:. Retrieved
280:the original
271:
262:
235:
201:
195:
189:
173:around the
164:
157:
144:
142:
134:igneous rock
126:Indian Ocean
115:
104:
88:
44:
43:
29:
673:1997 deaths
668:1931 births
460:John Cairns
286:25 February
662:Categories
609:Statute 12
256:required.)
181:References
85:Early life
585:John Vane
138:magnetite
122:Cambridge
91:The Downs
56:Fred Vine
428:elected
218:73351674
60:Canadian
625:Foreign
437:Fellows
430:in 1974
424:of the
422:Fellows
335:4296143
315:Bibcode
204:: 275.
443:
358:
333:
307:Nature
250:
216:
146:Nature
101:Career
40:, 1981
331:S2CID
214:S2CID
356:ISBN
288:2009
58:and
323:doi
311:199
242:doi
206:doi
48:FRS
664::
329:.
321:.
309:.
274:.
270:.
226:^
212:.
202:45
200:.
177:.
162:.
120:,
81:.
414:e
407:t
400:v
364:.
337:.
325::
317::
290:.
248:.
244::
220:.
208::
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
