588:
Kumarasinha was poisoned by
Rajasinha before Senarat's death, which took place in 1635, and the youngest prince became the sole king as Rajasinha II. (1635–1687). The treaty of 1634 was not very strictly observed, and the new sovereign speedily called in the assistance of the Dutch in 1636, offering them a fort at Kottiyar or Batticaloa and guaranteeing the expenses of the fleet. The authorities of the East India Company at Batavia, who already had their eyes on the Lanka cinnamon trade, seized the opportunity and instructed their Admiral, Adam Westerwold, who was setting out to blockade Goa, to call at Lanka on his return voyage. Meanwhile, envoys were sent to Rajasinha, at whose court they arrived in 1637. After some negotiations, they in company with three Sinhala went on to join Westerwold off Goa and were witnesses of an action between the Dutch and Portuguese fleets, in which the latter was worsted on January 4, 1638. The Admiral then decided to send in advance of himself the Vice-Commandeur Coster with a small squadron, which arrived at Trincomalee on April 3
821:
920:
349:
76:
388:
833:
88:
908:
335:
779:, Spilbergen and the king developed cordial relations. The king's admiration for his new-found friend was so deep that he began to learn the Dutch language saying ‘Kandy is now Flanders’. They discussed future relations, focussing on possible Dutch military assistance to expel the Portuguese from the coastal areas as well as the trade in cinnamon and pepper. As a token of his friendship, the Dutch Admiral left in the King's service two versatile and skilled musicians: Erasmus Matsberger and Hans Rempel.
946:
669:
3721:
2385:
3731:
2395:
142:
874:
forts captured from the
Portuguese would be garrisoned by the Dutch or demolished, as the king thought fit. The crucial clause ‘as the king thought fit’ was however only included in the Sinhala and not in the Dutch text of the treaty. This later gave rise to much disagreement between the two parties. The same goes for the clause stating that the king would pay any expenses incurred by the Dutch in the war effort against the Portuguese.
488:
756:
374:
2405:
958:
932:
130:
1184:
In the 1700s, the Dutch sanctioned caste-based slavery in Jaffna Sri Lanka. Although this was abolished by the
British (Ordinance 20 of 1844) the discrimination still continues in the north despite the legislation introduced in the 1950s and in the 1970s (Prevention of Social Disabilities Act, No. 21
607:
Portugal was at war with its ruler, the King of Spain. Once
Portugal obtained its freedom from Spain in 1640, the Netherlands settled for peace with Portugal. Then they divided the occupied areas of Ceylon amicably under a treaty signed in Goa. Slowly, the Dutch became the rulers of coastal and outer
1068:
to transfer his regiment into
British service for the sum of £6,000. After a token resistance, van Angelbeek gave up. Many Dutch officers and soldiers felt betrayed by their own Governor and at the end of the siege of Colombo turned their heavy guns on the Governor's palace. On 14 February 1796, the
1055:
Later, however, van
Angelbeek and his Political Council took the fateful decision that the Batavian Republic was considered the sovereign of the colonies and their troops should be ordered to resist any British presence on the island. But the Dutch Governor did not realise that British intrigues had
811:
with a fleet of six ships to take part in a joint effort to oust the
Portuguese from the island. During his stay, he took four passing Portuguese ships but released the Portuguese crews who had surrendered to the Dutch on the promise of a quarter. The king was very angered by this action and after a
127:
125:
1138:
and other cities of the
Netherlands. The Dutch priest Philippus Baldeus has written a great historical record similar to Mahavamsa on the Jaffna people and their culture and it was immediately published in Dutch and German with several beautiful pictures. At the Point Pedro Market Square, a granite
873:
and the Dutch East India
Company agreed to a new treaty with King Rajasingha in his palace in Batticaloa. The treaty was a landmark and set the tone for future relations between the Kandyan Kings and the Dutch. Under the treaty the Dutch were to have a monopoly over all trades except elephants. The
861:
between
Portuguese and Dutch naval forces. The Portuguese fleet was decimated in this battle and the victorious Dutch Admiral Adam Westerwolt (1580–1639) decided to attack the Portuguese fort at Batticaloa on Ceylon with a fleet of five ships and 800 men. In coalition with strong Singhalese forces,
840:
After this unhappy event, the Dutch concentrated on organising their trade with the East Indian spice islands. It took more than three decades before the Dutch again undertook action to expel the Portuguese who had arrived some 150 years earlier and were firmly established on the island. After many
696:
economy collapsed. Even with a number of victories, Spanish resources were now fully stretched across Europe and also at sea protecting their vital shipping against the greatly improved Dutch fleet. Spain's enemies, such as the Netherlands and England, coveted its overseas wealth, and in many cases
1193:
During the 140 years of Dutch control, they pursued an active policy of trying to make Dutch the principal language on the island. This included setting up schools to teach Dutch to local people, although these often suffered from a lack of qualified teachers. However, the Dutch language policy by
1209:
Nevertheless, there are many Dutch loanwords in the two official languages of Ceylon, Sinhala and Tamil. Nicoline van der Sijs reckons that there are some 230 Dutch loanwords in Sinhala. Many of these are in the fields of warfare, trade and agriculture. For example, the Sinhala word for 'potato',
660:
The Netherlands meanwhile were in open revolt against their Habsburg overlord and declared themselves a Republic in 1581. Prior to 1580 Dutch merchants had procured colonial produce mostly from Lisbon, but the Iberian Union cut off this supply. Survival of the fledgling republic depended on their
603:
The Dutch were used by the Sinhalese king to take revenge on the Portuguese who wanted to expand their rule. The coming of the Dutch ensured that the Portuguese had two enemies to deal with so finally the Portuguese were forced to sign a treaty with the Dutch and come to terms with their enemies.
129:
126:
587:
SENARAT had divided his kingdom between his own son Rajasinha, to whom were allotted the `Five Countries above the mountains,' practically the modem Kandy District, with the title of king, and the other sons of Dona Catharina, Kumarasinha and Vijayapala, who obtained Uva and Matale respectively.
565:
fort as a check against Dutch power. The Dutch captured Trincomalee from the French and controlled all the maritime provinces of the island. Rajasinghe and the Dutch were both playing a double game trying to outwit each other, and the treaty of 1638 was never implemented. The Dutch ruled all the
128:
599:
Portuguese rule was always in the maritime provinces and the people whom they converted were the coastal peoples. They were the backbone of their power. Many of the princes they converted had either died or were no longer Catholic. The rest of Ceylon remained in the Buddhist majority and Hindu
122:
121:
1047:
In 1795, Prince William V issued in February 1795 orders to Johan van Angelbeek to put his forces, forts and warships under British protection. He should consider the British troops ‘… belonging to a power that is in friendship and alliance with their High Mightinesses (the Governors of the
664:
With two global empires to rule, and with the growing colonial competition with the Dutch, English and French, the Habsburg kings neglected the protection of some of the Portuguese possessions around the world. In this period Portugal lost a great number of lands to the new colonial rivals.
124:
123:
120:
1052:), and who come to prevent the Colony from being invaded by the French’. After the war, the British government promised to restore the colony to the Dutch. Van Angelbeek first accepted Prince William's letter and agreed with the British presence on the island.
118:
1927:
1034:
who attempted to extend the colonial borders well beyond established limits. In 1792, van de Graaf was readying the colony for a war with the Kingdom of Kandy. However, the Dutch East India Company administration in
2078:
1555:
119:
1039:
realised the difficulties such a war would pose given events in Europe and ordered van de Graaf to abandon his war plans. In protest, van de Graaf resigned from his position as Governor and was succeeded by
845:
became convinced that lasting peace with the Portuguese was not possible and he invited the Dutch to force them off the island. At that time the Dutch were still at war with Portugal, which was in a
3107:
4494:
2894:
1611:
853:
in Batavia (Dutch East India) complied with this request and in 1637 sent four ships to the island under Captain Jan Thijssen Payart who signed a treaty with the king. On 4 January 1638
2924:
3373:
2699:
2689:
2714:
2063:
4489:
1222:,' hospital ' (ඉස්පිරිතාලෙ), ඉස්කුරුප්පුව and ඉස්තෝප්පුව comes from the Dutch. In the modern Sri Lankan Tamil language, there are reckoned to be about 50 Dutch loanwords.
1073:, brother of Count Charles-Daniel, changed his blue Dutch uniform for a red British one and became Military Governor of Ceylon in September 1797 until he was relieved by
3348:
1556:"Report of the Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences, Tomoya Obokata on his visit to Sri Lanka (A/HRC/51/26/Add.1)"
919:
3677:
893:. After storming the city on 13 March 1640, he became master of it within a few hours. For the next 18 years, Galle would remain the centre of Dutch power in Ceylon.
3013:
2068:
2333:
1958:
3599:
3579:
3313:
931:
4519:
3569:
1791:
3048:
1643:
1170:
languages. There is also a portion of the Sri Lankan population with Dutch surnames, often people of mixed Dutch and Sri Lankan heritage, who are known as
697:
found it easier to attack poorly-defended Portuguese outposts than Spanish ones. The Spanish were simply no longer able to cope with naval threats. In the
4514:
4469:
2991:
907:
877:
Slowly but surely, the Dutch land and naval forces continued to oust the Portuguese from parts of Ceylon. In February 1640, the Portuguese fort of
692:
a priority in order to devastate Spanish maritime trade — upon which much of Spain's economy depended — after the resumption of war. In 1627, the
627:
1194:
and large failed. One reason for this was that Portuguese had already become a language of wider communication (LWC) in Ceylon prior to 1656.
957:
2996:
1056:
already undermined his military capabilities. The defence of Dutch Ceylon was undertaken mainly by European mercenaries, in particular, the
2115:
2110:
1568:
The ambivalence of freedom: slaves in Jaffna, Sri Lanka, in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Wickramasinghe, N.K.; Schrikker, A.F.
2936:
2441:
608:
areas of Ceylon and Indonesia, and the Portuguese were left with smaller pieces of territory than those of the Dutch and the English.
3687:
3526:
2719:
2388:
2105:
3767:
1636:
4479:
2552:
4425:
945:
3090:
2986:
2889:
2882:
1061:
566:
Tamil provinces and brought Tanjore Tamil workers to work in the cinnamon gardens in the Western Province and tobacco farms in
470:) invited the Dutch to help defeat the Portuguese. The Dutch interest in Ceylon was to have a united battle front against the
4393:
4389:
4158:
3125:
2799:
1074:
3140:
2909:
2778:
2073:
454:) kingdoms, who were constantly battling the Portuguese. Although the Portuguese were not winning the war, their rule was
3932:
3682:
3323:
3308:
3211:
2844:
1629:
1535:
Inventaris van de archieven van stadhouder Willem V (1745–1808) en de Hofcommissie van Willem IV en Willem V (1732–1794)
1470:
Inventaris van de archieven van stadhouder Willem V (1745–1808) en de Hofcommissie van Willem IV en Willem V (1732–1794)
1405:
Inventaris van de archieven van stadhouder Willem V (1745–1808) en de Hofcommissie van Willem IV en Willem V (1732–1794)
1340:
Inventaris van de archieven van stadhouder Willem V (1745–1808) en de Hofcommissie van Willem IV en Willem V (1732–1794)
3021:
2755:
1655:
558:
and soon embarked on a war against their common enemy. As such the Dutch were appointed as a protector of the country.
901:
The Dutch retained the areas they had captured as compensation for the cost of war and gradually extended their land.
4509:
2919:
2914:
2709:
1542:
1515:
1507:
1477:
1450:
1442:
1412:
1385:
1377:
1347:
1320:
1312:
1086:
870:
866:
527:
704:
Between 1638 and 1640 the Netherlands even came to control part of Brazil's northeast region, with their capital in
435:. Although the Dutch managed to capture most of the coastal areas in Sri Lanka, they were never able to control the
75:
3830:
3075:
2794:
2663:
2537:
2007:
1768:
1658:
4474:
3652:
3383:
3303:
3293:
3253:
3164:
3031:
2904:
2789:
2618:
2408:
2280:
2090:
1796:
712:
in 1649. By 1654, the Netherlands had surrendered and returned control of all Brazilian land to the Portuguese.
4484:
3667:
3614:
3465:
3408:
3388:
3298:
3194:
3184:
3085:
2653:
2588:
2480:
2434:
1718:
1662:
1070:
509:
1155:
arrived in Ceylon, Portuguese was a recognized language in the occupied areas of the island. It was, however,
979:
The period of Dutch rule over Ceylon would soon come to an end due to changing events in Europe. In 1792, the
3594:
3413:
3378:
3363:
3026:
2899:
2704:
2045:
1887:
850:
505:
4014:
1270:
4029:
3760:
3511:
3403:
3398:
3216:
3179:
2931:
2839:
2829:
2804:
2292:
2095:
2085:
1781:
1776:
1156:
1060:: 1,000 men strong and for two-thirds consisting of Swiss soldiers. On 30 March 1795, the British official
87:
820:
3418:
3221:
3174:
3150:
3036:
2877:
2849:
2694:
2313:
2140:
1829:
992:
709:
4353:
4087:
1091:
Dutch Ceylon was administered by a Governor appointed by the Governor General of the Dutch East Indies.
4255:
3950:
3809:
3338:
3155:
2823:
2485:
2361:
2188:
1723:
1036:
459:
4504:
4499:
3672:
3544:
3521:
3455:
3286:
2750:
2475:
2427:
1997:
1865:
1713:
1616:
1027:
980:
974:
812:
perceived insult to his wife, he ordered his men to kill de Weert and 50 of his unarmed compatriots.
4053:
3790:
3692:
3549:
3276:
3169:
2834:
1065:
1049:
886:
885:
was captured by Philip Lucasz. Following his sudden death, the command was devolved to the capable
698:
432:
242:
223:
173:
3753:
3662:
3631:
3504:
3450:
3204:
3199:
3095:
2871:
2733:
2522:
2517:
2328:
2210:
2135:
1499:
1434:
1369:
1304:
498:
787:
Shortly after the successful visit of van Spilbergen, a second Dutch fleet under the command of
4358:
4117:
4082:
3702:
3482:
3472:
3343:
3328:
3135:
3130:
3117:
3080:
2956:
2814:
2772:
2603:
2593:
2318:
2160:
2155:
2002:
1834:
1746:
1115:
685:
551:
1139:
stone inscription still marks the place where Rev. Baldeus preached to the Tamils under a big
1026:
A few years prior, Governor Falck had died in 1785 after a short illness. He was succeeded by
4464:
3776:
3584:
3516:
3333:
3258:
3100:
3062:
2976:
2578:
2547:
2323:
2233:
2199:
1808:
1578:
984:
890:
458:
to the people of those areas controlled by them. While the Portuguese were engaged in a long
1185:
of 1957, 18 of 1971) by the Sri Lankan Government to prohibit caste-based discrimination.
889:
who earlier fought under Admiral Westerwolt on the east coast. Against overwhelming odds he
4401:
4127:
3975:
3825:
3697:
3636:
3536:
3423:
3353:
3281:
3268:
3070:
2785:
2673:
2583:
2502:
2470:
2238:
1839:
1708:
854:
832:
776:
764:
654:
617:
4051:
3788:
8:
4207:
4183:
4153:
3554:
3477:
2961:
2623:
2527:
2260:
1975:
1041:
354:
254:
2285:
1801:
1005:
in order to escape the French. The previous regime was replaced by the French-installed
4177:
4097:
3724:
3657:
3609:
3604:
3589:
3564:
3559:
3499:
3460:
3435:
2668:
2608:
2532:
2308:
1980:
1915:
1824:
1786:
1750:
1728:
1677:
1057:
796:
642:
550:
The Dutch were invited by the Sinhalese to help fight the Portuguese. They signed the
4337:
4163:
4107:
3865:
3835:
3730:
3574:
3393:
3368:
2948:
2633:
2490:
2394:
2169:
1538:
1511:
1503:
1473:
1446:
1438:
1408:
1381:
1373:
1343:
1316:
1308:
1237:
1006:
724:
689:
447:
340:
1617:
Wagenaar, Lodewijk “Bred up under Our Roofs”: Domestic Slavery in Ceylon, 1760–1834.
4374:
4321:
4279:
4148:
3850:
3734:
3487:
3318:
3041:
3003:
2742:
2658:
2628:
2613:
2398:
2223:
1985:
1754:
1243:
1163:
1162:
Although this language is no longer spoken there are Dutch influences found in the
865:
Five days later, following this victorious conquest, Westerwolt in the name of the
807:
in 1598. After an initial agreement with the king of Kandy, he returned in 1603 to
792:
744:
740:
736:
719:
was conquered, during the course of the 17th century the Dutch were able to occupy
693:
650:
623:
571:
436:
408:
367:
204:
43:
2568:
439:
located in the interior of the island. Dutch Ceylon existed from 1640 until 1796.
4009:
3145:
2854:
2165:
1911:
1903:
1844:
1621:
1490:
1425:
1360:
1295:
825:
788:
463:
451:
1114:
migrated to Australia after British rule ended in 1948 to take advantage of the
791:
arrived on the island. De Weert was a very skilful commander who discovered the
4102:
3960:
3492:
3231:
3226:
3189:
2971:
2966:
2643:
2598:
2542:
2100:
2058:
2031:
1922:
1742:
1685:
1249:
1231:
1203:
1172:
1167:
1111:
1105:
988:
846:
677:
416:
381:
208:
199:
53:
37:
4458:
4440:
4427:
4289:
4284:
3940:
3917:
3912:
3896:
3860:
3855:
3840:
2573:
2366:
2356:
2053:
1002:
842:
638:
561:
Meanwhile, however, Rajasinghe II approached the French and offered them the
555:
471:
306:
106:
1283:
991:. In 1794, a French invasion force conquered the Dutch Republic, and Prince
4274:
4077:
3891:
3886:
3870:
3236:
2648:
2218:
2145:
1860:
1693:
1031:
1016:
800:
716:
20:
4253:
1206:
was introduced it also mingled with indigenous and Portuguese influences.
701:
that followed many erstwhile Portuguese possession fell into Dutch hands.
626:, in the Persian Gulf, and what is now Indonesia, then referred to as the
4231:
4112:
3970:
3945:
2465:
2351:
2149:
1948:
1943:
1152:
1135:
1127:
997:
925:
1681 map of Dutch Ceylon and the Kingdom of Kandy (North is on the left).
728:
579:
562:
424:
268:
169:
3745:
668:
637:
kings of Spain resulting in the biggest colonial empire until then (see
4019:
3985:
3241:
2228:
2193:
1965:
937:
By 1688 the Dutch controlled the regions outlined in green and magenta.
808:
657:". The Azores were the last part of Portugal to resist Philip's reign.
645:, sent his combined Iberian fleet to clear the French traders from the
512: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
455:
4205:
4226:
3999:
3965:
3624:
3619:
3246:
2450:
804:
443:
428:
782:
487:
4397:
4092:
2419:
1992:
1953:
1875:
1579:"Prevention of Social Disabilities Act, No. 21 of 1957, 18 of 1971"
1140:
1011:
755:
732:
673:
634:
141:
1143:
tree. This tamarind tree was uprooted during the cyclone of 1964.
4072:
3994:
3955:
1970:
882:
878:
622:
In the east, Portugal held territories not only in Ceylon but in
575:
188:
4495:
Former settlements and colonies of the Dutch East India Company
4305:
4143:
4122:
4024:
4004:
3922:
1880:
1870:
720:
705:
646:
567:
1131:
1064:
signed a contract with the proprietor of the Regiment, Count
772:
768:
467:
183:
1496:
The Dutch Republic: Its Rise, Greatness and Fall, 1477–1806
1431:
The Dutch Republic: Its Rise, Greatness and Fall, 1477–1806
1366:
The Dutch Republic: Its Rise, Greatness and Fall, 1477–1806
1301:
The Dutch Republic: Its Rise, Greatness and Fall, 1477–1806
1015:
French protectorate. This led to confusion throughout the
767:
arrived in Ceylon with three ships from the Dutch port of
735:. Portugal's Asiatic territories were reduced to bases at
633:
From 1580 to 1640, the throne of Portugal was held by the
913:
Galle fort as seen from the bazaar, between 1640 and 1672
858:
1130:
were renamed during Dutch rule in the Dutch language as
1044:, who would serve as the last Dutch Governor of Ceylon.
987:
and a coalition of European nations, which included the
803:
to find an alternative route to the East Indies through
759:
Vimaladharmasurya I receiving Joris van Spilbergen, 1603
1197:
19:"Zeylan" redirects here. For the village in Iran, see
4400:
in 1975, Curaçao and Dependencies was renamed to the
1217:
1019:
between which regime to support, that of the deposed
4490:
Former trading posts of the Dutch East India Company
2256:
1159:due to its relationship with the native languages.
680:
of Portugal (blue) and Spain (red/pink) (1580–1640)
1651:
951:Dutch Colombo, based on an engraving of circa 1680
708:. The Portuguese won a significant victory in the
1069:Dutch forces surrendered with minimal bloodshed.
783:Second fleet and the massacre at Batticaloa Beach
4456:
2027:
815:
763:In the year 1602, on 2 May, the Dutch Admiral
4520:States and territories disestablished in 1796
3761:
2435:
1637:
1211:
963:View of the port of Galle in Ceylon in 1754.
661:going into the colonial business themselves.
896:
731:, and to take over the trade with Japan at
653:from the yardarms and contributing to the "
594:
4515:States and territories established in 1640
4219:
3768:
3754:
2442:
2428:
1644:
1630:
1271:"Sri Lanka – Kingdom of Kandy – 1476–1818"
836:The Dutch storm the fort of Galle in 1640.
140:
4404:, which was eventually dissolved in 2010.
3775:
2895:Deputy speaker and chairman of committees
1598:. The Hague: SDU, 2010, pp. 116–117, 125.
750:
528:Learn how and when to remove this message
1531:Woelderink, B. and Muij-Fleurke, H.J. de
1466:Woelderink, B. and Muij-Fleurke, H.J. de
1401:Woelderink, B. and Muij-Fleurke, H.J. de
1336:Woelderink, B. and Muij-Fleurke, H.J. de
1188:
831:
819:
754:
667:
4470:1640 establishments in the Dutch Empire
611:
4457:
1179:
862:he conquered the fort on 18 May 1638.
841:bloody wars with the Portuguese, King
578:and they brought needed manpower from
16:Former colony in Sri Lanka (1640–1796)
4252:
4204:
4050:
3787:
3749:
2423:
2255:
2026:
1741:
1625:
1023:in Britain or the Batavian Republic.
795:during the attempt by Dutch Admirals
604:Finally, the Portuguese left Ceylon.
2992:Directorate of Military Intelligence
2449:
1612:The Dutch Period in Ceylon 1602–1796
1198:Dutch loanwords in Sinhala and Tamil
510:adding citations to reliable sources
481:
4392:of the Kingdom of the Netherlands;
2404:
1001:fled into exile with his family to
968:
13:
4052:Colonies and trading posts of the
3789:Colonies and trading posts of the
771:after a 12-month voyage. Visiting
14:
4531:
2997:Criminal Investigation Department
1605:
1099:
1087:List of Governors of Dutch Ceylon
1080:
891:besieged the strong fort at Galle
643:Philip I of Portugal, II of Spain
545:
3729:
3720:
3719:
2403:
2393:
2384:
2383:
2008:Sri Subodharama Raja Maha Vihara
956:
944:
930:
918:
906:
486:
386:
372:
347:
333:
116:
86:
74:
4113:Sint Eustatius and Dependencies
2619:Crisis of the Sixteenth Century
2281:Crisis of the Sixteenth Century
2091:Crisis of the Sixteenth Century
1797:Crisis of the Sixteenth Century
1594:(Dutch) Nicoline van der Sijs,
1588:
1571:
1562:
1548:
1521:
1118:due to their European descent.
688:(1609–21) the Dutch made their
497:needs additional citations for
152:Dutch control areas (1689–1796)
4480:Former countries in South Asia
2589:Chola conquest of Anuradhapura
1596:Nederlandse woorden wereldwijd
1483:
1456:
1418:
1391:
1353:
1326:
1288:
1277:
1263:
1077:, the first British Governor.
1:
2900:Deputy Chairman of Committees
2064:Jaffna under Tambralinga rule
1256:
1121:
540:
452:primarily of Sinhalese origin
2096:Jaffna under Portuguese rule
1777:Malay invasions of Sri Lanka
881:, a short distance north of
857:took place off the coast of
7:
1225:
1218:
1146:
816:First victory at Batticaloa
710:Second Battle of Guararapes
442:In the early 17th century,
427:established in present-day
10:
4536:
4256:Kingdom of the Netherlands
2987:State Intelligence Service
2362:Delgamuwa Raja Maha Vihara
1103:
1084:
972:
672:A map of the lands of the
615:
477:
450:and partly by Sri Lankan (
159: The Kingdom of Kandy
18:
4383:
4367:
4346:
4330:
4314:
4298:
4267:
4263:
4248:
4215:
4200:
4172:
4136:
4065:
4061:
4046:
3984:
3931:
3905:
3879:
3818:
3802:
3798:
3783:
3715:
3645:
3535:
3443:
3434:
3267:
3146:Grama Niladhari divisions
3116:
3061:
3012:
2947:
2863:
2813:
2800:National Security Council
2764:
2741:
2732:
2682:
2561:
2510:
2501:
2458:
2379:
2344:
2301:
2273:
2251:
2209:
2181:
2128:
2044:
2022:
1998:Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte
1936:
1896:
1853:
1817:
1767:
1737:
1704:
1672:
1212:
1094:
1071:Pierre Frédéric de Meuron
1028:Willem Jacob van de Graaf
981:French Revolutionary Wars
975:Invasion of Ceylon (1795)
855:a decisive sea engagement
649:, decisively hanging his
420:
412:
312:
302:
298:
288:
278:
274:
264:
260:
248:
236:
232:
222:
214:
195:
179:
165:
139:
100:
70:
65:
28:
4510:Sri Lankan Tamil history
4354:Curaçao and Dependencies
4088:Curaçao and Dependencies
4066:Colonies in the Americas
4054:Dutch West India Company
3791:Dutch East India Company
3126:Administrative divisions
3004:Sri Lanka Police Service
2910:Leader of the Opposition
2553:Sri Lanka (1948–present)
2293:Sinhalese–Portuguese War
2086:Sinhalese–Portuguese War
1782:Sinhalese–Portuguese War
1545:, p. 102 (No. 1007)
1480:, p. 102 (No. 1007)
1415:, p. 102 (No. 1007)
1350:, p. 102 (No. 1007)
1066:Charles-Daniel de Meuron
897:Dutch Ceylon (1664–1795)
595:The Dutch and Portuguese
446:was partly ruled by the
433:Dutch East India Company
243:Willem Jacobszoon Coster
174:Dutch East India Company
4137:Trading posts in Africa
3871:Northeast coast of Java
3205:Knuckles Mountain Range
3200:Hanthana Mountain Range
3141:Divisional Secretariats
3096:Sri Lanka Freedom Party
2523:Pre Anuradhapura period
2069:Jaffna under Kotte rule
1537:, Uitgeverij Verloren,
1518:paperback, p. 1127
1500:Oxford University Press
1472:, Uitgeverij Verloren,
1453:paperback, p. 1127
1435:Oxford University Press
1407:, Uitgeverij Verloren,
1388:paperback, p. 1127
1370:Oxford University Press
1342:, Uitgeverij Verloren,
1323:paperback, p. 1127
1305:Oxford University Press
676:kings in the period of
462:from Spanish rule, the
4475:1796 disestablishments
3683:International rankings
3324:Science and technology
3309:Information technology
3022:Provincial governments
2795:Administrative Service
2756:Constitutional Council
2319:House of Siri Sanga Bo
2161:House of Siri Sanga Bo
2156:Aryacakravarti dynasty
2003:Kotte Raja Maha Vihara
1959:Yapahuwa rock fortress
1835:House of Siri Sanga Bo
1747:Kingdom of Dambadeniya
1116:White Australia policy
1030:, an aggressive Dutch
849:with Spain. The Dutch
837:
829:
760:
751:Admiral van Spilbergen
681:
592:
552:Kandyan Treaty of 1638
290:• Disestablished
4485:Former Dutch colonies
4441:2.18889°N 102.38444°E
4390:constituent countries
3923:West coast of Sumatra
3777:Dutch colonial empire
3101:United National Party
2920:Chief Opposition Whip
2915:Chief Government Whip
2664:Independence movement
2548:British Ceylon period
2234:Kotagama inscriptions
2200:Yalpana Vaipava Malai
1809:Convention of Malvana
1189:Dutch language policy
1017:Dutch colonial empire
887:Willem Jacobsz Coster
851:Council of the Indies
835:
823:
758:
671:
584:
196:Common languages
30:Governorate of Ceylon
4402:Netherlands Antilles
3527:World Heritage Sites
2239:Madawala inscription
2059:Pandyan Principality
1792:Kandyan independence
1009:, which served as a
777:Vimaladharmasuriya I
765:Joris van Spilbergen
699:Dutch–Portuguese War
618:Dutch-Portuguese War
612:Dutch–Portuguese War
506:improve this article
4437: /
4208:Noordsche Compagnie
4206:Settlements of the
4184:Society of Suriname
4030:Vietnam (1637–1643)
3803:Governorate General
3076:Electoral districts
2925:Secretaries-General
2905:Leader of the House
2845:Magistrate's Courts
2538:Transitional period
2528:Anuradhapura period
2261:Kingdom of Sitawaka
2106:Portuguese conquest
1976:Gadaladeniya Vihara
1659:Transitional period
1180:Caste-based slavery
1157:a Portuguese creole
1126:The islands of the
1042:Johan van Angelbeek
775:, the seat of King
686:Twelve Years' Truce
460:war of independence
355:Kingdom of Sitawaka
280:• Established
255:Johan van Angelbeek
218:Colonial government
4446:2.18889; 102.38444
4178:Society of Berbice
3653:Capital punishment
3032:Municipal councils
2669:Dominion of Ceylon
2533:Polonnaruwa period
1981:Lankatilaka Vihara
1888:Irrigation network
1729:Polonnaruwa period
1678:Dambadeniya period
1058:De Meuron Regiment
983:broke out between
838:
830:
761:
682:
466:king (the king of
52:ஒல்லாந்து சிலோன் (
4420:
4419:
4416:
4415:
4412:
4411:
4398:full independence
4338:Dutch East Indies
4244:
4243:
4240:
4239:
4196:
4195:
4192:
4191:
4042:
4041:
4038:
4037:
3743:
3742:
3711:
3710:
3668:Gender inequality
3615:Traditional games
3466:Sexual Minorities
3195:Central Highlands
3086:Foreign relations
3057:
3056:
3027:Local governments
2949:National security
2728:
2727:
2720:Sexual Minorities
2634:Portuguese Ceylon
2417:
2416:
2375:
2374:
2265:
2247:
2246:
2170:Portuguese puppet
2079:Liberation battle
2036:
2018:
2017:
1759:
1238:Portuguese Ceylon
1232:Kingdom of Jaffna
1007:Batavian Republic
985:Republican France
725:Cape of Good Hope
570:. The capital of
538:
537:
530:
402:
401:
398:
397:
394:
393:
360:
359:
341:Portuguese Ceylon
250:• 1794–1796
131:
34:Nederlands-Ceylon
4527:
4505:Kingdom of Kandy
4500:History of Galle
4452:
4451:
4449:
4448:
4447:
4442:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4433:
4430:
4405:
4265:
4264:
4254:Colonies of the
4250:
4249:
4217:
4216:
4202:
4201:
4182:Governed by the
4176:Governed by the
4063:
4062:
4048:
4047:
3800:
3799:
3785:
3784:
3770:
3763:
3756:
3747:
3746:
3733:
3723:
3722:
3595:National symbols
3441:
3440:
3042:Pradeshiya Sabha
2779:Executive Office
2739:
2738:
2659:Matale rebellion
2508:
2507:
2444:
2437:
2430:
2421:
2420:
2407:
2406:
2397:
2387:
2386:
2286:Vijayabā Kollaya
2263:
2253:
2252:
2224:Cankilian Thoppu
2074:Kotte's campaign
2034:
2024:
2023:
1986:Embekka Devalaya
1802:Vijayabā Kollaya
1757:
1739:
1738:
1697:
1689:
1681:
1646:
1639:
1632:
1623:
1622:
1599:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1575:
1569:
1566:
1560:
1559:
1552:
1546:
1532:
1529:
1525:
1519:
1493:
1487:
1481:
1467:
1464:
1460:
1454:
1428:
1422:
1416:
1402:
1399:
1395:
1389:
1363:
1357:
1351:
1337:
1334:
1330:
1324:
1298:
1292:
1286:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1267:
1244:Kingdom of Kandy
1221:
1215:
1214:
969:British takeover
960:
948:
934:
922:
910:
871:Frederik Hendrik
793:Falkland Islands
745:Portuguese India
741:Portuguese Timor
737:Portuguese Macau
651:prisoners-of-war
572:Dutch Coromandel
533:
526:
522:
519:
513:
490:
482:
437:Kingdom of Kandy
422:
414:
390:
389:
376:
375:
368:Kingdom of Kandy
364:
363:
351:
350:
337:
336:
330:
329:
314:
313:
294:16 February 1796
158:
149:
144:
133:
132:
113:
90:
78:
26:
25:
4535:
4534:
4530:
4529:
4528:
4526:
4525:
4524:
4455:
4454:
4445:
4443:
4439:
4436:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4424:
4423:
4421:
4408:
4387:
4379:
4363:
4342:
4326:
4310:
4294:
4259:
4236:
4211:
4188:
4168:
4132:
4057:
4034:
3980:
3927:
3901:
3875:
3814:
3794:
3779:
3774:
3744:
3739:
3707:
3641:
3531:
3512:Public holidays
3430:
3263:
3217:Protected areas
3112:
3053:
3008:
2943:
2932:15th Parliament
2859:
2855:Labour Tribunal
2840:District courts
2830:Court of appeal
2809:
2805:Law enforcement
2760:
2724:
2678:
2557:
2497:
2454:
2448:
2418:
2413:
2371:
2340:
2297:
2269:
2268:
2243:
2205:
2177:
2166:Don Constantine
2141:Kalinga dynasty
2124:
2040:
2039:
2014:
1932:
1928:Popular culture
1904:Guththila Kawya
1892:
1849:
1813:
1763:
1762:
1733:
1700:
1692:
1684:
1676:
1668:
1667:
1650:
1608:
1603:
1602:
1593:
1589:
1581:
1577:
1576:
1572:
1567:
1563:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1489:
1488:
1484:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1282:
1278:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1259:
1228:
1200:
1191:
1182:
1149:
1124:
1108:
1102:
1097:
1089:
1083:
1075:Frederick North
977:
971:
964:
961:
952:
949:
938:
935:
926:
923:
914:
911:
899:
826:Batticaloa fort
818:
789:Sebalt de Weert
785:
753:
620:
614:
597:
548:
543:
534:
523:
517:
514:
503:
491:
480:
421:ஒல்லாந்த இலங்கை
387:
373:
348:
334:
291:
281:
251:
239:
207:
203:
187:
161:
160:
156:
154:
147:
135:
134:
117:
112:("The William")
111:
110:
96:
95:
94:
91:
83:
82:
79:
61:
59:Ollānta ilankai
57:
51:
49:landēsi lankāva
47:
42:ලන්දේසි ලංකාව (
41:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4533:
4523:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4418:
4417:
4414:
4413:
4410:
4409:
4407:
4406:
4384:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4377:
4371:
4369:
4365:
4364:
4362:
4361:
4356:
4350:
4348:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4340:
4334:
4332:
4328:
4327:
4325:
4324:
4318:
4316:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4308:
4302:
4300:
4296:
4295:
4293:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4271:
4269:
4261:
4260:
4246:
4245:
4242:
4241:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4234:
4229:
4223:
4221:
4213:
4212:
4198:
4197:
4194:
4193:
4190:
4189:
4187:
4186:
4180:
4173:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4140:
4138:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4130:
4128:Virgin Islands
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4103:New Netherland
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4069:
4067:
4059:
4058:
4044:
4043:
4040:
4039:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3991:
3989:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3937:
3935:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3909:
3907:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3883:
3881:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3822:
3820:
3816:
3815:
3813:
3812:
3806:
3804:
3796:
3795:
3781:
3780:
3773:
3772:
3765:
3758:
3750:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3737:
3727:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3649:
3647:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3628:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3541:
3539:
3533:
3532:
3530:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3508:
3507:
3497:
3496:
3495:
3490:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3469:
3468:
3463:
3453:
3447:
3445:
3438:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3357:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3329:Stock Exchange
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3294:Communications
3291:
3290:
3289:
3279:
3273:
3271:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3219:
3214:
3212:National parks
3209:
3208:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3190:Pidurutalagala
3182:
3177:
3175:Extreme points
3172:
3167:
3161:
3160:
3159:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3122:
3120:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3110:
3105:
3104:
3103:
3098:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3067:
3065:
3059:
3058:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3046:
3045:
3044:
3039:
3037:Urban councils
3034:
3024:
3018:
3016:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3006:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2981:
2980:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2953:
2951:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2939:
2929:
2928:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2878:Prime Minister
2867:
2865:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2852:
2850:Primary Courts
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2819:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2783:
2782:
2781:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2753:
2747:
2745:
2736:
2730:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2686:
2684:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2644:British Ceylon
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2543:Kandyan period
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2514:
2512:
2505:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2494:
2493:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2455:
2447:
2446:
2439:
2432:
2424:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2401:
2391:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2348:
2346:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2338:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2316:
2311:
2305:
2303:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2289:
2288:
2277:
2275:
2271:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2257:
2249:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2215:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2203:
2196:
2191:
2185:
2183:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2174:
2173:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2143:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2122:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2113:
2103:
2101:Mannar martyrs
2093:
2088:
2083:
2082:
2081:
2076:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2050:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2032:Jaffna kingdom
2028:
2020:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2012:
2011:
2010:
2005:
1995:
1990:
1989:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1968:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1951:
1946:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1925:
1923:Anavamadarshin
1920:
1919:
1918:
1906:
1900:
1898:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1863:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1811:
1806:
1805:
1804:
1794:
1789:
1787:Ming–Kotte War
1784:
1779:
1773:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1743:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1698:
1690:
1686:Gampola period
1682:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1641:
1634:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1614:
1607:
1606:External links
1604:
1601:
1600:
1587:
1570:
1561:
1547:
1520:
1482:
1455:
1417:
1390:
1352:
1325:
1287:
1276:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1250:British Ceylon
1247:
1241:
1235:
1227:
1224:
1204:Dutch language
1199:
1196:
1190:
1187:
1181:
1178:
1148:
1145:
1123:
1120:
1112:Dutch Burghers
1106:Burgher people
1104:Main article:
1101:
1100:Dutch diaspora
1098:
1096:
1093:
1085:Main article:
1082:
1081:Administration
1079:
989:Dutch Republic
970:
967:
966:
965:
962:
955:
953:
950:
943:
940:
939:
936:
929:
927:
924:
917:
915:
912:
905:
898:
895:
867:States General
847:personal union
817:
814:
784:
781:
752:
749:
678:personal union
616:Main article:
613:
610:
596:
593:
547:
546:The Portuguese
544:
542:
539:
536:
535:
494:
492:
485:
479:
476:
474:at that time.
400:
399:
396:
395:
392:
391:
384:
382:British Ceylon
378:
377:
370:
361:
358:
357:
352:
344:
343:
338:
326:
325:
320:
310:
309:
304:
300:
299:
296:
295:
292:
289:
286:
285:
282:
279:
276:
275:
272:
271:
266:
265:Historical era
262:
261:
258:
257:
252:
249:
246:
245:
240:
237:
234:
233:
230:
229:
226:
220:
219:
216:
212:
211:
197:
193:
192:
181:
177:
176:
167:
163:
162:
155:
146:
145:
137:
136:
115:
114:
98:
97:
92:
85:
84:
80:
73:
72:
71:
68:
67:
63:
62:
32:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4532:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4462:
4460:
4453:
4450:
4403:
4399:
4395:
4391:
4386:
4385:
4382:
4376:
4373:
4372:
4370:
4366:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4351:
4349:
4345:
4339:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4329:
4323:
4320:
4319:
4317:
4313:
4307:
4304:
4303:
4301:
4297:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4272:
4270:
4266:
4262:
4257:
4251:
4247:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4224:
4222:
4218:
4214:
4209:
4203:
4199:
4185:
4181:
4179:
4175:
4174:
4171:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4154:Loango-Angola
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4135:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4070:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4055:
4049:
4045:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3983:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3930:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3904:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3878:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3831:Banda Islands
3829:
3827:
3824:
3823:
3821:
3817:
3811:
3808:
3807:
3805:
3801:
3797:
3792:
3786:
3782:
3778:
3771:
3766:
3764:
3759:
3757:
3752:
3751:
3748:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3726:
3718:
3717:
3714:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3650:
3648:
3644:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3534:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3501:
3498:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3433:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3115:
3109:
3106:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3060:
3050:
3047:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3015:
3011:
3005:
3002:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2983:Intelligence
2982:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2946:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2933:
2930:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2873:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2862:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2825:
2824:Supreme Court
2821:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2812:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2787:
2784:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2763:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2681:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2654:Uva Rebellion
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2560:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2452:
2445:
2440:
2438:
2433:
2431:
2426:
2425:
2422:
2410:
2402:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2390:
2382:
2381:
2378:
2368:
2367:Hanwella fort
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2357:Sitawaka fort
2355:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2343:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2300:
2294:
2291:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2272:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2171:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2117:
2116:1591 invasion
2114:
2112:
2111:1560 invasion
2109:
2108:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2054:Kalinga Magha
2052:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1889:
1886:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1816:
1810:
1807:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1703:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1674:
1671:
1664:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1647:
1642:
1640:
1635:
1633:
1628:
1627:
1624:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1597:
1591:
1580:
1574:
1565:
1557:
1551:
1544:
1543:90-6550-890-2
1540:
1536:
1524:
1517:
1516:0-19-820734-4
1513:
1509:
1508:0-19-873072-1
1505:
1501:
1497:
1492:
1486:
1479:
1478:90-6550-890-2
1475:
1471:
1459:
1452:
1451:0-19-820734-4
1448:
1444:
1443:0-19-873072-1
1440:
1436:
1432:
1427:
1421:
1414:
1413:90-6550-890-2
1410:
1406:
1394:
1387:
1386:0-19-820734-4
1383:
1379:
1378:0-19-873072-1
1375:
1371:
1367:
1362:
1356:
1349:
1348:90-6550-890-2
1345:
1341:
1329:
1322:
1321:0-19-820734-4
1318:
1314:
1313:0-19-873072-1
1310:
1306:
1302:
1297:
1291:
1285:
1280:
1272:
1266:
1262:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1223:
1220:
1207:
1205:
1195:
1186:
1177:
1175:
1174:
1169:
1165:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1144:
1142:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1107:
1092:
1088:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1063:
1062:Hugh Cleghorn
1059:
1053:
1051:
1045:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1029:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1013:
1008:
1004:
1003:Great Britain
1000:
999:
994:
990:
986:
982:
976:
959:
954:
947:
942:
941:
933:
928:
921:
916:
909:
904:
903:
902:
894:
892:
888:
884:
880:
875:
872:
868:
863:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
843:Rajasingha II
834:
828:, around 1665
827:
822:
813:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
780:
778:
774:
770:
766:
757:
748:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
713:
711:
707:
702:
700:
695:
691:
687:
679:
675:
670:
666:
662:
658:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
639:Iberian Union
636:
631:
629:
625:
619:
609:
605:
601:
591:
589:
583:
581:
577:
573:
569:
564:
559:
557:
556:Rajasinghe II
553:
532:
529:
521:
511:
507:
501:
500:
495:This section
493:
489:
484:
483:
475:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
440:
438:
434:
430:
426:
418:
413:ලන්දේසි ලංකාව
410:
406:
385:
383:
380:
379:
371:
369:
366:
365:
362:
356:
353:
346:
345:
342:
339:
332:
331:
328:
327:
324:
321:
319:
316:
315:
311:
308:
307:Dutch Guilder
305:
301:
297:
293:
287:
284:13 March 1640
283:
277:
273:
270:
267:
263:
259:
256:
253:
247:
244:
241:
235:
231:
227:
225:
221:
217:
213:
210:
206:
201:
198:
194:
190:
185:
182:
178:
175:
171:
168:
164:
153:
143:
138:
109:
108:
107:Het Wilhelmus
103:
99:
89:
77:
69:
64:
60:
55:
50:
45:
39:
35:
27:
22:
4465:Dutch Ceylon
4422:
3906:Commandments
3880:Directorates
3845:
3819:Governorates
3688:LGBT history
3673:Human rights
3545:Architecture
3522:Social class
3456:Demographics
3349:Unemployment
3287:Central Bank
3071:Capital city
2957:Armed Forces
2870:
2822:
2788: /
2771:
2751:Constitution
2649:Kandyan Wars
2639:Dutch Ceylon
2638:
2584:Anuradhapura
2476:Bibliography
2219:Mantri Manai
2198:
2146:Chandrabhanu
1916:in Sinhalese
1866:Caste system
1861:Alagakkonara
1840:Capital city
1714:Bibliography
1694:Kotte period
1595:
1590:
1573:
1564:
1550:
1534:
1523:
1495:
1491:Israel, J.I.
1485:
1469:
1458:
1430:
1426:Israel, J.I.
1420:
1404:
1393:
1365:
1361:Israel, J.I.
1355:
1339:
1328:
1300:
1296:Israel, J.I.
1290:
1284:Chapter VIII
1279:
1265:
1208:
1201:
1192:
1183:
1171:
1161:
1150:
1125:
1110:Many of the
1109:
1090:
1054:
1046:
1032:expansionist
1025:
1020:
1010:
996:
995:, the Dutch
978:
900:
876:
864:
839:
786:
762:
717:Dutch Brazil
714:
703:
683:
663:
659:
655:Black Legend
632:
621:
606:
602:
598:
586:
585:
560:
549:
524:
515:
504:Please help
499:verification
496:
441:
405:Dutch Ceylon
404:
403:
323:Succeeded by
322:
317:
238:• 1640
151:
105:
101:
93:Coat of arms
58:
48:
33:
21:Zeylan, Iran
4444: /
4258:(1815–1975)
4232:Smeerenburg
4220:Settlements
4210:(1614–1642)
4164:Slave Coast
4056:(1621–1792)
3988:settlements
3946:Banjarmasin
3933:Residencies
3836:Cape Colony
3793:(1602–1798)
3693:LGBT rights
3678:Immigration
3360:Industries
3314:Public debt
3277:Agriculture
3170:Environment
2977:Coast Guard
2864:Legislature
2835:High Courts
2700:Demographic
2604:Dambadeniya
2594:Polonnaruwa
2466:Sri Lankans
2409:WikiProject
2352:Avissawella
2329:Rajasinha I
2264:(1521–1594)
2150:Tambralinga
2035:(1232–1620)
1949:Dambadeniya
1944:Polonnaruwa
1908:Literature
1758:(1232–1597)
1680:1232 – 1341
1252:(1815–1948)
1246:(1469–1815)
1240:(1505–1658)
1234:(1215–1624)
1216:pronounced
1128:Palk Strait
998:stadtholder
729:East Indies
684:During the
641:). In 1583
628:East Indies
600:religions.
580:Dutch India
563:Trincomalee
425:governorate
318:Preceded by
269:Imperialism
191:(1658–1796)
186:(1640–1658)
170:Governorate
4459:Categories
4432:102°23′4″E
4375:New Guinea
4368:Until 1962
4347:Until 1954
4331:Until 1949
4322:Gold Coast
4315:Until 1872
4299:Until 1853
4280:Coromandel
4268:Until 1825
4159:Senegambia
4149:Gold Coast
3986:Opperhoofd
3851:Coromandel
3663:Disability
3632:Television
3600:Philosophy
3585:Literature
3505:Mass media
3254:Waterfalls
3165:Ecoregions
3014:Devolution
2872:Parliament
2790:Ministries
2734:Government
2690:Chronicles
2579:Tambapanni
2518:Prehistory
2334:Rajasuriya
2302:Government
2229:Yamuna Eri
2194:Setu coins
2129:Government
1966:Kurunegala
1845:Rājākariya
1818:Government
1696:1412– 1592
1688:1341– 1412
1528:(in Dutch)
1510:hardback,
1463:(in Dutch)
1445:hardback,
1398:(in Dutch)
1380:hardback,
1333:(in Dutch)
1315:hardback,
1257:References
1122:Placenames
1021:statholder
973:See also:
809:Batticaloa
727:, and the
541:Background
456:oppressive
448:Portuguese
215:Government
202:(official)
4429:2°11′20″N
4227:Jan Mayen
4098:Essequibo
4010:Mauritius
3976:Pontianak
3966:Palembang
3703:Terrorism
3625:Cheena di
3620:Angampora
3483:Languages
3473:Education
3344:Transport
3299:Companies
3185:Mountains
3136:Districts
3131:Provinces
3118:Geography
3081:Elections
2962:Air Force
2815:Judiciary
2773:President
2765:Executive
2710:Education
2674:Civil War
2569:Mahāvaṃsa
2459:Overviews
2451:Sri Lanka
2345:Landmarks
2324:Mayadunne
2211:Landmarks
1937:Landmarks
1202:When the
1151:When the
993:William V
869:, Prince
805:Cape Horn
715:Although
694:Castilian
518:July 2023
464:Sinhalese
444:Sri Lanka
429:Sri Lanka
66:1640–1796
4394:Suriname
4108:Pomeroon
4093:Demerara
3971:Preanger
3956:Cheribon
3866:Moluccas
3725:Category
3580:Folklore
3517:Religion
3399:Graphite
3374:Cinnamon
3334:Taxation
3259:Wildlife
3232:Malvathu
3227:Mahaweli
3108:Scandals
3063:Politics
2715:Military
2705:Economic
2695:Monarchs
2624:Sitawaka
2481:Timeline
2389:Category
2314:Monarchs
2309:Monarchy
2136:Monarchs
1993:Kelaniya
1954:Yapahuwa
1876:Salagama
1830:Monarchs
1825:Monarchy
1719:Timeline
1494:(1995),
1429:(1995),
1364:(1995),
1299:(1995),
1226:See also
1213:අර්තාපල්
1173:Burghers
1147:Language
1141:tamarind
1012:de facto
733:Nagasaki
674:Habsburg
635:Habsburg
472:Iberians
423:) was a
303:Currency
224:Governor
4396:gained
4388:Became
4359:Surinam
4290:Suratte
4285:Malacca
4118:Surinam
4083:Cayenne
4073:Berbice
3995:Myanmar
3951:Batavia
3918:Malabar
3897:Suratte
3861:Malacca
3856:Formosa
3841:Celebes
3810:Batavia
3698:Poverty
3637:Theatre
3570:Fashion
3560:Cuisine
3537:Culture
3488:Sinhala
3436:Society
3424:Tourism
3384:Coconut
3364:Apparel
3354:Welfare
3282:Banking
3269:Economy
3180:Islands
3091:Parties
2937:Members
2890:Speaker
2786:Cabinet
2609:Gampola
2511:Periods
2503:History
2471:Outline
2274:History
2182:Culture
2046:History
1971:Gampola
1912:in Pali
1897:Culture
1854:Society
1769:History
1751:Gampola
1709:Outline
1661:topics
1533:(2005)
1468:(2005)
1403:(2005)
1338:(2005)
1219:artapal
1164:Sinhala
1037:Batavia
883:Colombo
879:Negombo
576:Pulicat
574:was in
478:History
431:by the
409:Sinhala
205:Sinhala
189:Colombo
180:Capital
172:of the
102:Anthem:
44:Sinhala
4306:Dejima
4275:Bengal
4144:Arguin
4123:Tobago
4078:Brazil
4025:Tonkin
4005:Dejima
4000:Canton
3961:Malang
3941:Bantam
3913:Bantam
3892:Persia
3887:Bengal
3846:Ceylon
3735:Portal
3646:Issues
3555:Cinema
3478:Health
3444:Topics
3409:Rubber
3389:Coffee
3304:Energy
3237:Kelani
3222:Rivers
3151:Cities
2883:Office
2683:Topics
2599:Jaffna
2574:Vijaya
2562:Epochs
2453:topics
2399:Portal
1881:Durava
1871:Karava
1753:&
1541:
1514:
1506:
1476:
1449:
1441:
1411:
1384:
1376:
1346:
1319:
1311:
1095:Legacy
797:Cordes
723:, the
721:Ceylon
706:Recife
647:Azores
568:Jaffna
228:
166:Status
157:
150:
148:
104:
4020:Timor
3826:Ambon
3658:Crime
3610:Sport
3605:Radio
3590:Music
3565:Dance
3500:Media
3493:Tamil
3461:Women
3451:Birth
3414:Sugar
3379:Cocoa
3339:Trade
3319:Rupee
3156:Towns
3049:Wards
2629:Kandy
2614:Kotte
2486:Years
1755:Kotte
1724:Years
1582:(PDF)
1168:Tamil
1153:Dutch
1136:Delft
1132:Kayts
773:Kandy
769:Veere
624:India
554:with
468:Kandy
417:Tamil
209:Tamil
200:Dutch
184:Galle
54:Tamil
38:Dutch
4015:Siam
3575:Flag
3404:Rice
3394:Gems
3369:Beer
3242:Kalu
2972:Navy
2967:Army
2491:2024
2189:Flag
1539:ISBN
1512:ISBN
1504:ISBN
1474:ISBN
1447:ISBN
1439:ISBN
1409:ISBN
1382:ISBN
1374:ISBN
1344:ISBN
1317:ISBN
1309:ISBN
1166:and
824:The
801:Mahu
799:and
743:and
690:navy
81:Flag
3550:Art
3419:Tea
3247:Gin
2743:Law
1050:VOC
859:Goa
508:by
4461::
1914:,
1749:,
1502:,
1498:,
1437:,
1433:,
1372:,
1368:,
1307:,
1303:,
1176:.
1134:,
747:.
739:,
630:.
582:.
419::
415:;
411::
3769:e
3762:t
3755:v
2443:e
2436:t
2429:v
2172:)
2168:(
2152:)
2148:(
1663:→
1656:←
1645:e
1638:t
1631:v
1584:.
1558:.
1273:.
590:.
531:)
525:(
520:)
516:(
502:.
407:(
56:)
46:)
40:)
36:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
