347:), and chilly winters mainly on higher elevations. The hot season commences around the middle of April reaching its maximum temperature in June, and finishing by the end of August. The average summer temperature is generally 20 °C (68 °F). The average annual rainfall is 10,000 mm (390 inches). A significantly large amount of snowfall is rare, and it is uncommon even at higher elevations. This belt of Himalayas is wetter as it receives more rain than the drier
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most precipitation during winter takes the form of snowfall. Snow accumulation in the valleys greatly reduces the area's wintertime temperature. The northeast monsoon is the predominant feature of the
Eastern Himalayan region's weather, while on the southern slopes cold season precipitation is more
105:, the western end of a group of uplands in Nepal. Most of the Sub-Himalayas are in Nepal; a small portion reaches into Sikkim, India and a fragment is in the southern half of Bhutan. The region's topography, in part, has facilitated the region's rich biological diversity and ecosystem structure.
634:. In 2017, after three years of field work and taxonomic studies, its classification was corrected by Bhutanese and Japanese researchers. It was theorised this misclassification may have arisen due to the finding that some Himalayan flora readily
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region was probably connected with it. The
Chomolhari tourmaline granites of Bhutan, stretching westwards from the Paro Chu and adds much depth below the present surface, were formed during this period of uplift, fracture and subsidence.
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species and 8% of the world's bird species. Preserving this diverse wilderness is essential for the area's and the world's biodiversity. The area has many ecological projects intended to ensure the survival and growth of many species.
379:, and the hill slopes are cut by the locals into successive steps or terraces only a few meters broad, thus preventing water run-off and allowing spring crops to thrive. The region's economy relied mostly on
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levels for centuries due to the lack of capital, investor access, or entrepreneurial knowledge. Inhabitants also relied heavily on wild and semi-cultivated species for food and herbal medicines.
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The Buxa range of Indo-Bhutan is also a part of the ancient rocks of the
Himalayas. The ancient folds, running mainly along an east-west axis, were worn down during a long period of
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metamorphic belt may be found overlying
Chasilakha-Soraya gneiss in some places. Silurian metamorphics in other places suggest long denudation of the surface. This was the time of
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agriculture, supplemented by hunting, fishing and barter trade. Agricultural does not produce sufficient yields to meet local needs. The region's economy remained stagnant and at
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deposits are preserved in discontinuous basins. Limestone deposits also appear in Bhutan on the southern flanks of the Lower
Himalayas. The rocks of the highlands are mainly
630:, commonly called the blue poppy. This flower was the source of an ecological mystery for nearly a century, due to its misclassification as
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deposits formed from seawater tides oscillating between land and sea levels. During subsequent periods, tertiary rocks were laid down. The
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mountain and large number of "active volcanoes" formation which act as backbone of the
Himalayas and much of the movement in the
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has a more varied geomorphic history and pervasive topographic features than the
Central Himalayas. In the southwest of the
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age, with limestones and shales of the same period in places. The core of the mountain is exposed across the centre, where
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rocks disappeared from the surface, except in its north near
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grasslands occur up to 4,500 m (14,800 ft)), and above this elevation snow and ice occupies the space.
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and
Takhstasang gneiss outcrops are visible in the northwest and northeast, the latter extending to western
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The
Eastern Himalayas sustain a diverse array of wildlife, including many rare species of fauna and flora.
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era the whole of the worn-down plateau was under sea. In this expansive shallow sea, which covered most of
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on the lower slopes up to 900 m (3,000 ft) in the foothills. At higher elevations, wet
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751:"Integrating ethnobiological knowledge into biodiversity conservation in the Eastern Himalayas"
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species. Himalayan high-elevation wetlands are also notable for their biodiversity.
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in the foothills of the Himalayas, making the country one of the world's greatest
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with each other and produce viable seeds, causing wider morphological diversity.
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Agricultural conditions vary throughout the region. In the highlands the soil is
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A political/geographical representation of the Eastern Himalayas. Image credits:
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Climate change in the Eastern Himalayas: observed trends and model projections
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735:. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development.
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The Eastern Himalayas consist of 6 distinct political/national territories:
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809:"Evaluating high-altitude Ramsar wetlands in the Sikkim Eastern Himalayas"
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is in India and China at 2,000–3,300 m (6,600–10,800 ft), and
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times, possibly over a hundred million years. During this time the
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The picture seen right is of the national flower of Bhutan
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basins, feature dense forests and provide habitat for
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The climate of the Eastern Himalayas is of a tropical
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73:. The climate of this region is influenced by the
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552:. Three major river basins of Nepal, namely the
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468:Himalaya (central, eastern and southern Nepal)
27:Eastern half of the Himalayas mountain range
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429:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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755:Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine
449:Learn how and when to remove this message
323:Learn how and when to remove this message
162:Learn how and when to remove this message
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726:Shrestha, A.B.; Devkota, L.P. (2010).
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869:– World Wildlife Fund projects
427:adding citations to reliable sources
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341:Köppen Climate Classification System
301:adding citations to reliable sources
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140:adding citations to reliable sources
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698:Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)
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536:in its Himalayan region, and
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918:Mountain ranges of Pakistan
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908:Mountain ranges of Myanmar
841:"Himalayas | Places | WWF"
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768:10.1186/s13002-017-0148-9
653:Indus-Yarlung suture zone
923:Mountain ranges of Tibet
913:Mountain ranges of Nepal
903:Mountain ranges of India
668:Ecology of the Himalayas
948:Physiographic divisions
898:Mountain ranges of Asia
807:O'Neill, A. R. (2019).
693:Indian Himalayan Region
673:Geology of the Himalaya
472:Darjeeling Sub-Himalaya
59:Tibet Autonomous Region
893:Flora of East Himalaya
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663:Lower Himalayan Range
658:Main Himalayan Thrust
602:Macaca arunachalensis
550:biodiversity hotspots
522:Meconopsis gakyidiana
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83:biocultural diversity
75:monsoon of South Asia
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683:Geography of Myanmar
423:improve this section
381:shifting cultivation
297:improve this section
136:improve this section
79:biodiversity hotspot
45:extend from eastern
708:Indo-Gangetic Plain
578:tropical rainforest
391:Political divisions
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688:Eastern South Asia
632:Meconopsis grandis
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354:In the valleys of
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598:Arunachal macaque
590:Himalayan vulture
572:The most diverse
538:Indian rhinoceros
530:Wildlife in Nepal
495:Arunachal Pradesh
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69:and northern
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421:Please help
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244:and Bhutan,
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134:Please help
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93:The Eastern
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562:Koshi River
385:subsistence
371:Agriculture
367:important.
196:Torsa River
152:August 2020
877:Categories
849:29 January
819:: e00715.
714:References
628:gakyidiana
626:Meconopsis
610:M. mulatta
518:blue poppy
258:palaeozoic
233:in India.
208:sandstones
180:cretaceous
176:denudation
928:East Asia
883:Himalayas
761:(1): 21.
636:hybridize
566:butterfly
532:includes
410:does not
284:does not
216:Paleozoic
200:limestone
123:does not
101:lies the
95:Himalayas
787:28356115
642:See also
618:pheasant
554:Ghaghara
508:Wildlife
503:Himalaya
497:Himalaya
491:Himalaya
479:Himalaya
377:morainic
238:Mesozoic
224:Silurian
220:Cambrian
212:Devonian
198:, where
778:5372287
614:sunbird
431:removed
416:sources
356:Rangeet
305:removed
290:sources
265:Climate
236:In the
210:of the
188:permian
144:removed
129:sources
71:Myanmar
49:across
785:
775:
604:) and
592:, and
582:páramo
489:Bhutan
466:Nepali
364:Chumbi
362:, and
360:Teesta
254:Alpine
227:slates
63:Yunnan
57:, the
55:Bhutan
36:ICIMOD
733:(PDF)
594:pikas
483:Assam
246:chalk
242:Assam
67:China
47:Nepal
851:2016
783:PMID
616:and
560:and
544:and
516:The
414:any
412:cite
288:any
286:cite
250:Paro
222:and
204:coal
202:and
186:and
127:any
125:cite
41:The
821:doi
773:PMC
763:doi
425:by
299:by
194:to
138:by
65:in
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