English language in England

3461:, usually known as Smoggy, are sometimes grouped with Yorkshire and sometimes grouped with the North-East of England, for they share characteristics with both accent regions. As this urban area grew in the early 20th century, there are fewer dialect words that date back to older forms of English; Teesside speak is the sort of modern dialect that Peter Trudgill identified in his "The Dialects of England". There is a Lower Tees Dialect group. A recent study found that most people from Middlesbrough do not consider their accent to be "Yorkshire", but that they are less hostile to being grouped with Yorkshire than to being grouped with the Geordie accent. Intriguingly, speakers from Middlesbrough are occasionally mistaken for speakers from 344: 5170:, 15 March 2005. "While most regional accents in England are growing a touch less pronounced in this age of high-speed travel and 600-channel satellite systems, it seems that the Liverpool accent is boldly growing thicker. ... migrating London accents are blamed for the slight changes in regional accents over the past few decades. ... That said, the curator of English accents and dialects at the British Library said the Northeast accents, from places like Northumberland and Tyneside, were also going stronger." 2506:. From some time during the 19th century, middle and upper middle classes began to adopt affectations, including the RP accent, associated with the upper class. In the late 20th and 21st century other social changes, such as middle class RP-speakers forming an increasing component of rural communities, have accentuated the spread of RP. The South East coast accents traditionally have several features in common with the West Country; for example, rhoticity and the a: sound in words such as 3614:

for "culture" and "father" respectively. The Sunderland area would pronounce the syllable much more closely to that of other accents. Similarly, Geordies pronounce "make" and "take" in line with the standard English pronunciation. However, a Mackem would pronounce these words as "mack" or "tack" (hence the origin of the term "Mackem"). For other differences, see the respective articles. For an explanation of the traditional dialects of the mining areas of

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also many cases where a large city has a very different accent from the rural area around it (e.g. Bristol and Avon, Hull and the East Riding, Liverpool and Lancashire). But modern communications and mass media have reduced these differences in some parts of the country. Speakers may also change their pronunciation and vocabulary, particularly towards

2633:, it was possible to encounter comparable accents and, indeed, distinct local dialects until perhaps the 1960s. There is now limited use of such dialects amongst older people in local areas. Although natives of such locations, especially in western parts, can still have West Country influences in their speech, the increased mobility and 1696:. This is unusual in being an east–west division in pronunciation when English dialects generally divide between north and south. Another east–west division involves the rhotic ; it can be heard in the speech of country folk (particularly the elder), more or less west of the course of the Roman era road known as 3400:, the servant Joseph speaks in the traditional dialect of the area, which many modern readers struggle to understand. This dialect was still spoken around Haworth until the late 1970s, but now only a minority of the dialect's features are still in everyday use. The old dialect is now mainly encountered in 1822:. In the traditional view, urban speech has just been seen as a watered-down version of that of the surrounding rural area. Historically, rural areas had much more stable demographics than urban areas, but there is now only a small difference between the two. It has probably never been true since the 1793:

is now quite rarely spoken in the city, and call centres have seen Bradford as a useful location for the very fact that potential employees there nowadays generally lack dialectal speech. Some local call centres have stated that they were attracted to Bradford because it has a regional accent that is

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area). The dialects across the region are broadly similar however some differences do exist. For example, with words ending -re/-er, such as culture and father, the end syllable is pronounced by a Newcastle native as a short 'a', such as in 'fat' and 'back', therefore producing "cultcha" and "fatha"

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Most native Anglo-English speakers can tell the general region in England that a speaker comes from, and experts or locals may be able to narrow this down to within a few miles. Historically, such differences could be a major impediment to understanding between people from different areas. There are

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as they share many of the same characteristics. It is thought the occasional similarities between the Middlesbrough and Liverpool accent may be due to the high number of Irish migrants to both areas during the late 1900s in fact the 1871 census showed Middlesbrough had the second-highest proportion

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was undertaken to preserve a record of the traditional spectrum of rural dialects that merged into each other. The traditional picture was that there would be a few changes in lexicon and pronunciation every couple of miles, but that there would be no sharp borders between completely different ways

1414:; its presence in the last two can be attributed to Scottish influence on local speech. Additionally, people who are children of at least one American, Canadian, Irish or Scottish (and thus rhotic-accented) parent but grew up, or were educated, in England generally speak with non-rhotic accents. 1286:

I have personally known those who would avoid, or could never enjoy, a conversation with a stranger, because they were literally too ashamed to open their mouths. It has been drummed into people—often in school, and certainly in society at large—that dialect speech is incorrect, impure, vulgar,

2880:. Hence the following joke dialogue about bay windows: "What sort of windas am them?" "They'm bay windas." "Well if they bay windas wot bin them?". There is also humour to be derived from the shop-owner's sign of Mr. "E. A. Wright" (that is, "He ay right," a phrase implying someone is 5163: 3659:

Also similar to Scots, the modals 'can', and less commonly 'will', have contracted forms "cannet" and "winnet". Additionally, distinct negative forms of 'do' exist. In Tyneside and Northumberland, the local form is "divvent", whereas "dinnet" is prevalent in Sunderland and

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is spoken in the traditional county of Norfolk and areas of north Suffolk. Famous speakers include Keith Skipper. The group FOND (Friends of Norfolk Dialect) was formed to record the county's dialect and to provide advice for TV companies using the dialect in productions.

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clumsy, ugly, careless, shoddy, ignorant, and altogether inferior. Furthermore, the particularly close link in recent English society between speech, especially accents, and social class and values has made local dialect a hindrance to upward social mobility.

5726: 3278:) are often pronounced as monophthongs (such as and ). However, the quality of these vowels varies considerably across the region, and this is considered a greater indicator of a speaker's social class than the less stigmatised aspects listed above. 2609:

are usually also included, although the northern and eastern boundaries of the area are hard to define and sometimes even wider areas are encompassed. The West Country accent is said to reflect the pronunciation of the

2837:. Cases of the spelling -ing are pronounced as rather than . Wells noted that there were no exceptions to this rule in Stoke-on-Trent, whereas there were for other areas with the pronunciation, such as Liverpool. 5718: 1838:, the major regional English accents of modern England can be divided on the basis on the following basic features; the word columns each represent the pronunciation of one italicised word in the sentence " 1794:

relatively easy to understand. Nevertheless, working in the opposite direction, concentrations of migration may cause a town or area to develop its own accent. The two most famous examples of this are

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The Liverpool accent, known as Scouse colloquially, is quite different from the accent of surrounding Lancashire. This is because Liverpool has had many immigrants in recent centuries, particularly

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of speaking. Within a county, the accents of the different towns and villages would drift gradually so that residents of bordering areas sounded more similar to those in neighbouring counties.

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captured manners of speech across the West Country that were just as different from Standard English as anything from the far North. Close proximity has completely different languages such as

3362:. Irish influences on Scouse speech include the pronunciation of unstressed 'my' as 'me' and the pronunciation of 'th' sounds like 't' or 'd' (although they remain distinct as dental 3121:

has an accent with some originally Scottish features, apparently due to immigration of Scottish steelworkers. It is common in Corby for the GOAT set of words to be pronounced with

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was filmed almost entirely in the traditional dialect of the Sheffield-Rotherham area, but this variety of speech is receding. For examples of less marked Sheffield speech, see

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Many different accents and dialects are found throughout England, and people are often very proud of their local accent or dialect. However, accents and dialects also highlight

1814:. The Voices 2006 survey found that the various ethnic minorities that have settled in large populations in parts of Britain develop their own specific dialects. For example, 4921:

The traditional feature of rhoticity in Lancashire is increasingly giving way to non-rhoticity: Beal, Joan (2004). "English dialects in the North of England: phonology".

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In general, Southern English accents are distinguished from Northern English accents primarily by not using the short a in words such as "bath". In the south-east, the

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was developed by Joseph Wright so he could hear the differences in the vowel sounds of a dialect by listening to different people reading the same short text passage.

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and other similar places where older farmers from deep in the dales live. Examples of differences from RP in Yorkshire pronunciation include, but are not limited to:

1492: 5517: 1700:(the modern A5), which at one time divided King Alfred's Wessex and English Mercia from the Danish kingdoms in the east. The rhotic is rarely found in the east. 845: 5848: 1516:

stated that it did not extend to the far north, nor to East Anglia, Essex, Wiltshire or Somerset. In the past, working-class people were often unsure where an

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may have an Oriental influence on their accent so sometimes urban dialects are now just as easily identifiable as rural dialects, even if they are not from

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industry during the 19th and 20th centuries, and many families moved from these already well-established shipbuilding towns to seek employment in Barrow.

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Some dialect words used across the North are listed in extended editions of the Oxford Dictionary with a marker "North England": for example, the words

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accent in the role; the Doctor's usual response is "Lots of planets have a North!" Other accents in the same series include Cockney (used by actress

6079:: searchable free-access archive of 681 English English speech samples, wma format with linguistic commentary including phonetic transcriptions in 1141: 2967:

accents are generally non-rhotic, instead drawing out their vowels, resulting in the Midlands Drawl, which can to non-natives be mistaken for dry

1488:. Some areas of the West Country use in both the TRAP and BATH sets. The Bristol area, although in the south of England, uses the short in BATH. 3321:" is named after the speech of the region, but it is often used in many working class dialects in the south of England too. Instead of saying "I 5071: 1561: 1211:

is ambiguous, so it can be used and interpreted in multiple ways, but it is usually reserved to describe the features common to Anglo-English,

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may be pronounced as "owd" and "cowd" (rhyming with "loud" in the West Midlands and "ode" in the East Midlands), and in the northern Midlands

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has a Rochdale accent, which is similar to the accent of the western fringe of Yorkshire; hence, she has often featured in Yorkshire dramas.

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sound, as is found in both Durham and rural North Yorkshire. In common with this area of the country, Middlesbrough is a non-rhotic accent.

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is pronounced rather than the pronunciation of most southern accents. This pronunciation is found in the words that were affected by the

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homophones. This is a feature of working-class accents across most of England but was traditionally stigmatised (a fact the comedy musical

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BBC 15 August 2005. Interview with Professor Paul Kerswill who stated "The difference between regional accents is getting less with time".

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is pronounced rather than the pronunciation of most southern accents. The northern limit of the in many words crosses England from mid-

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is one of the few classic works of English literature to contain a substantial amount of dialect, specifically Yorkshire dialect. Set in

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defines the East Midlands (centred on Leicester and Rutland) and partly defines the South Midlands (centred on Northampton and Bedford).

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is perhaps the most distinctly 'northern' of the West Midlands accents, given that the urban area around Stoke-on-Trent is close to the

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https://archive.today/20240524044851/https://www.webcitation.org/5QdQDYjD0?url=http://www.joensuu.fi/fld/methodsxi/abstracts/dyer.html

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is now common amongst younger speakers across the country; it was originally confined to some areas of the south-east and East Anglia.

5347: 4470:, Sam Nixon from Pop Idol 2003, Top of the Pops Saturday and Reloaded and Level Up also has a Barnsley accent. Also, chat show host 2940:

have a rhotic accent, somewhat like the West Country, and in some parts of these counties, the local accent mixes features with the

5431:. Vol. 5, English in Britain and Overseas: Origins and Development, ed. Robert Burchfield, pp. 255–258. Cambridge University Press. 4887: 2899:

accents are distinct, even though the cities are only 19 miles/30 km apart. Coventry being closer to an East Midlands accent.

2785:, a dialect expert, said in 1985 that it was more like the West Midlands, but it is often grouped with the East and is part of the 592: 1802:. Liverpool's dialect is influenced heavily by Irish and Welsh, and it sounds completely different from the surrounding areas of 809: 686: 597: 5150: 2514:, etc. However, the younger generation in the area is more likely to be non-rhotic and use the London/East Anglian A: sound in 1520:

ought to be pronounced, and, when attempting to speak "properly", would often preface any word that began with a vowel with an

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and many musicians, it is a variant of the London regional accent characterised by a non-standard mixture of linguistic and

7276: 7245: 6318: 6203: 4902: 244: 229: 3125:. This pronunciation is used across Scotland and most of Northern England, but Corby is alone in the Midlands in using it. 3060:. The south of Lincolnshire is close to Received Pronunciation, although it still has a short Northern a in words such as 1072: 6726: 5521: 5305: 3977: 2368: 1476:(that is, or a similar vowel), while in the Midlands and Northern varieties, they are pronounced with the same vowel as 517: 5661: 6831: 2737:

Additionally, just like the North, most accents in the Midlands lack the foot–strut split, with words containing like

5396: 2918:, however this is not always the case as most other words such as "miss" or "tip" are still pronounced as normal. The 6022: 6003: 5981: 5962: 5943: 5927: 5912: 5904: 5886: 5856: 5135: 5055: 3714: 3259:, and not . This was considered RP until the 1990s. The longer is found in the far north and in the Merseyside area. 1153: 453: 2637:

of the population have meant that local Berkshire, Oxfordshire, Hampshire and Isle of Wight dialects (as opposed to

6630: 5688: 4120: 3732:'s accent changed slightly over the years but she still spoke a conservative form of RP until the end of her life. 3652:

in coda position. As an example, "film" is pronounced as "fillum". Another of these features which are shared with

762: 6103: 6878: 6674: 2526: 1542: 1239: 1231: 870: 304: 17: 2798:, although part of the North-West region, is usually grouped the Midlands for the purpose of accent and dialect. 1781:, and people are more likely to categorise their accent by a region or county than by their town or village. As 7195: 6635: 6141: 5759: 4669: 3696: 569: 6121: 5504:

English accents and dialects: an introduction to social and regional varieties of English in the British Isles

3886:, have East Lancashire accents, which have slightly different intonation and rhythm and also feature variable 1274:

It is impossible for an Englishman to open his mouth without making some other Englishman hate or despise him.

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As well as pride in one's accent, there is also stigma placed on many traditional working-class dialects. In

2544:. These dialects are now extinct or nearly extinct due to improved communications and population movements. 1773:, this model is no longer very accurate. There are some English counties in which there is little change in 7230: 6883: 6703: 6520: 6341: 6090: 5167: 4897: 4623: 2286: 902: 850: 5130:. Bamberger Beiträge Zur Englische Sprachwissenschaft; Bd. 41. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. p. 90. 3966: 3962: 3634: 3630: 3626: 3534: 3527: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3477: 3466:

of people from Ireland after Liverpool. Some examples of traits that are shared with Yorkshire include:

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is normally pronounced rather than the found in traditional Received Pronunciation and in many forms of

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vowel—are also represented under the "path" and "stone" columns (so that the sentence could be rendered "

1124: 755: 375: 6076: 5588: 7190: 6905: 6763: 6174: 3504: 3344:. Wells said that northernmost Northumberland "though politically English is linguistically Scottish". 2701:

East Anglian dialect is also spoken in areas of Cambridgeshire. It is characterised by the use of for

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Whether Derbyshire should be classed as the West or East Midlands in terms of dialect is debatable.

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Relatively recently, the first two have increasingly influenced southern accents outside London via

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peninsula in south Cumbria tend to have a more Lancashire-orientated accent, whilst the dialect of

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and expanded towns throughout the south east, bringing with them their distinctive London accent.

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In most of the eastern half of England, plurals and past participle endings which are pronounced

1399: 713: 271: 110: 100: 90: 7022: 7000: 6804: 6501: 6470: 6348: 5689:"Middlesbrough English: Convergent and divergent trends in a "Par of Britain with no identity"" 4345: 3986: 2324: 1352: 1097: 1082: 804: 513: 300: 6918: 7220: 7005: 6900: 6613: 6547: 6301: 6291: 6286: 4816: 4506: 4391: 4193: 4130: 4104: 4064: 4060: 3318: 2964: 2958: 2823: 2808: 2761: 2757: 2553: 2483: 2170: 1823: 1732:

There has been academic interest in dialects since the late 19th century. The main works are

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was set in Suffolk in its second series, providing lots of examples of the Suffolk dialect.

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was quick to exploit) but less so now. This was geographically widespread, but the linguist

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position. Non-rhoticity is also found elsewhere in the English-speaking world, including in

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encompasses a diverse range of accents and dialects. The language forms part of the broader

6642: 6535: 6475: 6353: 6326: 6243: 4164: 3937: 3887: 3771: 2242: 2206: 1737: 1371: 639: 409: 197: 5559: 8: 7240: 7070: 7062: 6960: 6923: 6809: 6794: 6669: 6659: 6586: 6425: 5373: 5351: 5098: 5032: 4809: 4752: 4628: 4453: 4425: 4354: 4305: 4048: 4010: 3602: 3200: 2447: 1851: 1590:. However, some northern accents retain the distinction, pronouncing pairs of words like 1485: 1383: 1319:. South of the isogloss (the Midlands and Southern dialects), the Middle English phoneme 1267: 1052: 947: 922: 917: 912: 835: 489: 413: 177: 167: 3022:

sound rather more like a south-eastern accent. The vowel sound at the end of words like

7130: 7097: 7032: 7015: 6870: 6691: 6238: 6228: 6065: 5244: 5209: 5065: 4593: 4549: 4542: 4327: 3919: 3869: 3546: 3156:, etc.) as a separate vowel. Most words that have this vowel in RP are pronounced with 3140:

There are several features that are common to most of the accents of northern England:

3069: 2786: 2567: 2098: 2023: 1379: 1117: 1102: 1067: 907: 814: 700: 535: 351: 334: 105: 95: 5719:"The shifting sand(-shoes) of linguistic identity in Teesside – Sound and vision blog" 5502:

Hughes; Trudgill; Watts, eds. (2005). "chapter on Leicester's speech, Hodder Arnold".

7135: 7120: 7092: 7052: 6844: 6781: 6530: 6306: 6270: 6018: 5999: 5977: 5958: 5939: 5923: 5908: 5900: 5882: 5755: 5615: 5575: 5446: 5249: 5231: 5131: 5051: 4704: 4640: 4588: 4531: 4471: 4462: 4267: 3882: 3733: 3572: 3392: 3386: 3065: 2919: 1987: 1770: 1649: 1087: 1062: 1027: 957: 932: 897: 892: 866: 587: 430: 6826: 5749: 5210:"Rhoticity in English, a Journey Over Time Through Social Class: A Narrative Review" 1196:. Terms used to refer to the English language spoken and written in England include 7255: 7208: 7160: 7087: 6995: 6985: 6980: 6970: 6816: 6789: 6647: 6567: 6512: 6410: 6392: 6379: 6216: 6211: 5797: 5607: 5239: 5221: 4579: 4557: 4517: 4323: 4295: 4201: 4124: 4052: 3927: 3557: 3233: 3118: 3095: 2679: 2655: 2651: 2563: 2522: 1811: 1356: 1292: 1243: 1216: 1181: 1077: 1057: 1047: 1022: 1017: 1007: 992: 987: 952: 927: 887: 790: 611: 577: 545: 448: 443: 266: 125: 120: 115: 3926:(although many of these contain affected patterns). For clear examples, see actor 1362:

British and Irish varieties of English, including Anglo-English, are discussed in

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A Sociolinguistic Study of T-glottalling in Young RP: Accent, Class and Education

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was set in Liverpool so the majority of the cast, including Philip Olivier and

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in RP can have in the more conservative Northern accents, so that a pair like

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Academically the regional variations are considered to be dialectal forms. The

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Tudor to Augustan English: a Study in Syntax and Style, from Caxton to Johnson

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was set in Oxfordshire, and many of the characters had West Country accents.

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has quite an old-fashioned Cockney accent, and his replacement of an initial

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Because of greater social mobility and the teaching of "Standard English" in

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are often cited as having particularly strong Scouse accents. Recordings by

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also has an East Lancashire accent, alongside being a mostly rhotic speaker.

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The PRICE vowel has a very far back starting-point, and can be realised as .

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Sporadically, miscellaneous items of generally obsolete vocabulary survive:

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A Grammar of the Dialect of the Bolton Area. Pt. 1: Introduction; phonology

4836: 4824: 4813: 4747: 4609: 4583: 4527: 4523: 4510:, Bob has a Bradford accent whilst Rita and Sue sound more like Lancashire. 4485: 4429: 4349: 4301: 4271: 4263: 4255: 4241: 4134: 4036: 4000: 3958: 3932: 3911: 3806:, but as of early 2018 has mostly transitioned into Modern RP, with subtle 3729: 3584: 3431: 3359: 3029: 2941: 2634: 2611: 2571: 2499: 2491: 1755: 1550: 1513: 1508: 1403: 1263: 1032: 664: 634: 555: 550: 262: 4892: 4819:), an alien, sounds as if he comes from the North. Eccleston used his own 4750:

have often included a variety of regional accents, the most notable being

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also has a marked north–south split in terms of accent. The north (around

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differences, rivalries, or other associated prejudices, as illustrated by

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has had characters with a variety of different West Country accents (see

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is easily detected on recordings and live performances and ex-footballer

4152: 4108: 4092: 4024: 4006: 3996: 3982: 3950: 3853: 3849: 3841: 3817: 3753: 3576: 3107: 3102:, residents of the north of the county have an accent similar to that of 2622: 1782: 187: 5313:(PhD thesis). Department of Language and Linguistics University of Essex 5164:

Liverpool Journal; Baffling Scouse Is Spoken Here, So Bring a Sensa Yuma

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In the far north of England, the local speech is indistinguishable from

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Urban North-eastern English: Tyneside to Teesside (Dialects of English)

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defines South Humberside or North Lincolnshire (centred on Scunthorpe).

4804: 4776: 4677: 4665: 4489: 4448: 4409: 4361: 4337: 4275: 4259: 4229: 4183: 4179: 4160: 4156: 4144: 4070: 4032: 3857: 3837: 3699: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3610: 3064:. Accents in the north of the county are often classified as a form of 3037: 2937: 2815: 2731: 2723: 1850:". Two additional distinguishing features—the absence or presence of a 1819: 1803: 1786: 1407: 1312: 1308: 3656:

is the use of the word 'Aye', pronounced like 'I', its meaning is yes.

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During the 19th century distinct dialects of English were recorded in

6221: 5102: 4736: 4716: 4691: 4683: 4645: 4635: 4513: 4437: 4291: 4080: 3897: 3845: 3813: 3767: 3763: 3737: 3561: 3462: 3446: 3369:). Other features of Scouse include the pronunciation of non-initial 3077: 3073: 3003: 2626: 2618: 2606: 2462: 1795: 1789:

dialects have also declined; for example, the traditional dialect of

1689: 619: 284: 3674: 3221:, etc. is slightly more open, transcribed by Wells as rather than . 2760:

accent is often described as having a pronounced nasal quality, the

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International English: A Guide to the Varieties of Standard English

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has an accent similar to those found in many old coal-mining towns.

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Kortmann, Bernd; Schneider, Edgar W; Burridge, Kate, eds. (2004).

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Online British English and American English pronunciation courses

6080: 5748:

Beal, Joan C.; Burbano-Elizondo, Lourdes; Llamas, Carmen (2012).

5427:

Ihalainen, Ossi (1992). "The Dialects of England since 1776". In

4757: 4311: 4251: 3992: 3946: 3923: 3774:, which belonged to Berkshire until the boundary changes of 1974. 3598: 3568: 3401: 3397: 3033: 3014:

have a northern pronunciation, whereas words with vowels such as

2968: 2715: 2682: 2578: 2559: 2473: 2392: 1951: 1778: 1185: 1042: 654: 629: 624: 478: 463: 63: 4961:

defines the South Midlands (centred on Northampton and Bedford).

2468:

Southern English accents have three main historical influences:

1398:, as well as in most non-native varieties spoken throughout the 388: 6253: 6233: 5445:. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. pp. 124, 138, 170, 187, 198. 5330: 5328: 4934:

defines the Central Midlands (centred on Nottingham and Derby).

4792: 4395: 4233: 4074: 3969:

has been stigmatised. More examples can be heard in the movies

3907: 3606: 3353: 2590: 2537: 2533: 2503: 2458: 2454: 2062: 649: 6070: 5443:

A handbook of varieties of English a multimedia reference tool

5350:. Bradford Telegraph & Argus. 5 April 2004. Archived from 1540:, and is also referenced in literature (e.g. the policeman in 5189: 4567: 3787: 3777: 3664: 3405: 3114: 2980:, as in East Anglia, can be found in some areas, for example 2586: 1799: 1693: 1682: 1411: 1291:

The three largest recognisable dialect groups in England are

1223: 644: 5536: 5325: 3637:. This feature is usually transcribed as , and or , and . 2541: 2487: 1785:

became less prominent, many rural dialects were lost. Some

5747: 5009: 4546:(although Sallis and Owen themselves were both Londoners). 3487:

In common with the east coast of Yorkshire, words such as

1417:

As noted above, Northern versions of the dialect lack the

5440: 4925:(pp. 113–133). Berlin, Boston: Mouton de Gruyter. p. 127. 3026:(and the name of the city) is also a distinctive feature. 2999:

being realised as may be even shorter than in the North.

2814:

The best-known accents in the West Midlands area are the

2714:

As in the North, Midlands accents generally do not use a

2450:

but both are pronounced with an extended fronted vowel.

2442:

sound is used in these words but also in words that take

398: 5272: 5260: 4725: 3040:) shares many features with Yorkshire, such as the open 2745:

being pronounced with , without any distinction between

1366:(1982). Some of the features of Anglo-English are that: 3499:

Examples of traits shared with the North-East include:

3191:

The accents of Northern England generally do not use a

2465:

triangle are particularly notable as the basis for RP.

2685:, and often includes words derived from the language. 2558:

The West Country dialects and accents are the English

2453:

Accents originally from the upper class speech of the

1826:

caused an enormous influx to cities from rural areas.

1810:, and it sounds completely different from the rest of 5180:

Labov, William; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006).

4460:

accents, which are less likely to be heard nowadays.

4322:

project, comedy writer, actor, radio DJ and director

1374:

pronunciation, meaning that /r/ is not pronounced in

5628: 5459: 5029:

The Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language

5005:(2nd ed.). The Oxford English Dictionary. 1989. 4855: 1347:); this change did not occur north of the isogloss. 309:. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see 5501: 5483: 5471: 3744:are examples of old-fashioned RP speakers, whereas 1472:, etc. are pronounced with the long vowel found in 3864:have degrees of broad Bolton accents. The actress 3575:itself is a result of migration from the likes of 3537:, as is commonplace in the North-East of England. 3106:and those in the south an accent similar to rural 5751:Urban North-Eastern English: Tyneside to Teesside 5696:Leeds Working Papers in Linguistics and Phonetics 4970:defines the Lower Southwest (Cornwall and Devon). 4372:(although he sometimes Americanises his speech), 3206:For many speakers, the remaining instances of RP 2892:also may mean silly as in, "Stop bein' so saft". 2407:: words such as "cast" and "bath" are pronounced 7268: 3648:, is the pronunciation of the consonant cluster 3640:A feature of the North East accent, shared with 3044:sound in "car" and "park" or the replacement of 2525:, about one million Londoners were relocated to 323:IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters 2614:far better than other modern English Dialects. 1829: 1579:is lost, "wh" being pronounced consistently as 6032:Wells, John. "English Accents in England". In 5971: 5876: 5686: 5542: 5195: 5179: 5015: 4141:sing in a traditional rhotic St Helens accent. 3445:is often changed to , though can be heard in 6142: 6015:Accents of English. Vol. 2: The British Isles 5996:Accents of English. Vol. 2: The British Isles 5824:"Language Log: Happy-tensing and coal in sex" 5662:"TeesSpeak: Dialect of the Lower Tees Valley" 5429:The Cambridge History of the English language 3491:, etc. have an sound. It can be written as, 2566:used by much of the indigenous population of 1250:, which is generally considered a dialect of 1161: 763: 6500: 6055:. London: A. Deutsch. 242 p. SBN 233-96092-9 5097: 4766:featured London and Cumberland accents, and 3210:instead becomes : for example, in the words 5043: 4456:and Freddie Fletcher, both have very broad 3597:Dialects in this region are often known as 3091:when the other is used in Standard English. 2914:, as very obvious when hearing a local say 1806:. Corby's dialect is influenced heavily by 1410:, the far north of England and the town of 7176:Comparison of American and British English 6149: 6135: 5606:. Cambridge University Press. p. 67. 5394: 5207: 5070:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4099:'s accent was the strongest of the four), 3665:Examples of accents used by public figures 3373:as and the pronunciation of 'r' as a tap 1421:, so that there is no distinction between 1168: 1154: 770: 756: 6097:"European Commission English Style Guide" 6017:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 5998:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 5957:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 5922:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 5754:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 5340: 5243: 5225: 5125: 3715:Learn how and when to remove this message 3325:to him", users of the rule would say, "I 3290:for specific types of alleyway, the word 3168:are homophonous as . But some words with 2387:Isle of Wight § Language and dialect 6869: 6033: 5952: 5877:Hughes, Arthur; Trudgill, Peter (1996). 5821: 5680: 5664:. This is the North East. Archived from 4888:American and British English differences 1295:dialects, Midlands English dialects and 27:Dialects of British English from England 5601: 5303: 5208:Costa, Davide; Serra, Raffaele (2022). 5151:Voices 2005: Accent – a great leveller? 4478:have slightly reduced Barnsley accents. 2944:, particularly in places closer to the 14: 7269: 5972:Trudgill, Peter; Hannah, Jean (2002). 5849:"Jack O'Connell's dilemma over accent" 5653: 5402:. GV Mahony. p. 8. Archived from 5366: 5348:"By 'eck! Bratford-speak is dyin' out" 1444:In the Southern varieties, words like 6130: 6031: 6012: 5990: 5933: 5634: 5489: 5477: 5465: 5388: 5334: 5278: 5266: 4726:Regional English accents in the media 3591: 3533:The vowel in "face" is pronounced as 3347: 2547: 1142:Teaching English as a second language 7246:Non-native pronunciations of English 5920:The Cambridge Guide to English Usage 5781: 5716: 5659: 5648:Emily Bronte and the Haworth Dialect 5374:"Does tha kno't old way o' callin'?" 5304:Barrera, Berta Badia (August 2015). 4903:Regional accents of English speakers 3816:(a southern rural accent): the late 3697:adding citations to reliable sources 3668: 3302:. The best-known Northern words are 2840:Dialect verbs are used, for example 1688:. This can be found as far north as 1402:. Rhoticity currently exists in the 1192:, along with other varieties in the 313:. For the distinction between , 245:English language in Southern England 230:English language in Northern England 5938:(2nd ed.). London: Routledge. 5899:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 5729:from the original on 16 August 2018 5321:– via repository.essex.ac.uk. 5182:The Atlas of North American English 5107:Pygmalion, A Professor of Phonetics 5044:Todd, Loreto; Hancock, Ian (1990). 4808:, various Londoners wonder why the 3978:Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels 3802:used to speak in a more regionally 3144:Northern English tends not to have 3129: 2369:British English in Southern England 2362: 1727: 1394:, and a few particular dialects of 1370:Most versions of this dialect have 1257: 24: 6041: 5520:. BBC. 6 July 1975. Archived from 4923:A Handbook of Varieties of English 3006:, words with short vowels such as 2570:, the area popularly known as the 1311:(on the Welsh border) to south of 724:English inventions and discoveries 25: 7293: 6073:. (Official website for the BNC.) 6059: 5084:According to Tom McArthur in the 2991:In Lincolnshire, sounds like the 2641:) are today essentially extinct. 1681:) in RP may be pronounced with a 1648:Many Southern varieties have the 1484:, usually . For more details see 1280:his work on the dialect of Bolton 1238:. The main dialect of the fourth 6066:IANA language tag for eng-GB-oed 5976:(4th ed.). London: Arnold. 5881:(3rd ed.). London: Arnold. 5855:. 7 January 2015. Archived from 5518:"Voices – The Voices Recordings" 4872: 4858: 4626:: characters from the 1998 film 4236:): the accent of the rock group 3820:, sports presenter and gardener 3766:(a southern rural accent): poet 3760:are examples of contemporary RP. 3673: 2952: 2910:can sometimes sound rather like 2802: 2678:is to some extent influenced by 2482:Southern rural accents (such as 1532:); this was referred to as the " 737: 342: 5841: 5815: 5790: 5775: 5741: 5710: 5650:, Hudson History, Settle, 2001. 5640: 5595: 5548: 5510: 5495: 5434: 5421: 5297: 5284: 5201: 5173: 5033:Retrieved via encyclopedia.com. 4973: 4964: 4955: 4946: 4937: 4928: 4915: 4842:A television reality programme 4827:) and Estuary (used by actress 4222:, ex pop star and TV presenter 3794:): very strongly noticeable in 3684:needs additional citations for 3329:to him". Instead of saying, "I 3294:for to organise, or the use of 2415:. This sometimes occurs before 2175:East, North, and South Midlands 1543:Danny the Champion of the World 305:International Phonetic Alphabet 7196:English-based creole languages 5156: 5144: 5119: 5091: 5078: 5037: 5021: 4993: 4979:defines the Central Southwest. 4394:): YouTuber Jay Swingler from 3880:, actresses in the soap opera 3728:Received Pronunciation: Queen 3333:up there", they would say, "I 2502:mobility and the expansion of 1734:On Early English Pronunciation 1707:in the past tense rather than 1307:, which runs roughly from mid- 13: 1: 7236:List of English-based pidgins 5955:Language in the British Isles 5897:Oxford Guide to World English 5786:. Edinburgh University Press. 5604:Language in the British Isles 5086:Oxford Guide to World English 4986: 4772:featured north east England. 3930:(Eliza Doolittle's father in 3848:, McFly singer and guitarist 3540: 3160:in Northern accents, so that 3098:, crossed by the north–south 1524:(e.g. "henormous" instead of 1299:dialects. The most prominent 1240:country of the United Kingdom 7231:Linguistic purism in English 6077:English Accents and Dialects 5879:English Accents and Dialects 5602:Britain, David, ed. (2007). 5543:Hughes & Trudgill (1996) 5397:"Race relations in Bradford" 5196:Trudgill & Hannah (2002) 5168:International Herald Tribune 5016:Trudgill & Hannah (2002) 4898:Linguistic purism in English 4147:: Comedian and TV presenter 3380: 2287:Multicultural London English 1834:According to dialectologist 1830:Overview of regional accents 1761:In the 1950s and 1960s, the 7: 7277:English language in England 6332:London & Thames Estuary 5395:Mahony, GV (January 2001). 5047:International English Usage 4851: 4798:In the 2005 version of the 4286:, television personalities 3452: 2708: 1854:and the realisation of the 1754:also by Joseph Wright. The 1125:List of dialects of English 10: 7298: 7191:English as a lingua franca 5292:Collins English Dictionary 5126:Shorrocks, Graham (1998). 4254:): former Cabinet members 4101:Gerry & The Pacemakers 3985:had Cockney accents, with 3625:Glottal reinforcement for 3555: 3551: 3544: 3526:The vowel in "goat" is an 3510:Glottal reinforcement for 3505:definite article reduction 3430:are often replaced with a 3384: 3351: 3243:on the end of words as in 3239:In most areas, the letter 3133: 2956: 2806: 2688: 2647:Survey of English Dialects 2617:In the nearby counties of 2551: 2395:is normally used before a 2372: 2366: 1763:Survey of English Dialects 1751:English Dialect Dictionary 1538:Survey of English Dialects 1282:, Graham Shorrocks wrote: 1230:are the three traditional 831:English as a lingua franca 7171:Broad and general accents 7153: 7106: 7081:regional and occupational 7061: 7048: 7041: 6953: 6914: 6862: 6840: 6780: 6712: 6577: 6566: 6511: 6493: 6466: 6438: 6401: 6378: 6317: 6279: 6202: 6193: 6182: 6173: 6122:For the Yorkshire dialect 6047:Partridge, A. C. (1969). 4326:. Presenter and Comedian 3251:is pronounced , like the 3212:palm, cart, start, tomato 1396:Southern American English 526:Abbots Bromley Horn Dance 282: 277: 252: 223: 160: 79: 69: 59: 49: 44: 39: 34: 5953:Trudgill, Peter (1984). 5698:(8). University of Leeds 5612:10.1017/CBO9780511620782 5227:10.3389/fsoc.2022.902213 4908: 4638:: Ken Loach's 1977 film 4560:, and singer-songwriter 4083:: Liverpool footballers 4065:Davy Jones (The Monkees) 4055:, broadcaster/podcaster 3180:may be distinguished as 3136:Northern England English 2730:, passing just south of 2577:This region encompasses 1586:Most varieties have the 1528:, "hicicles" instead of 1297:Northern England English 6071:British National Corpus 6013:Wells, John C. (1992). 5822:Liberman, Mark (2006). 5687:Llamas, Carmen (2000). 4537:Last of the Summer Wine 4452:, the lead characters, 3904:have Leicester accents. 3618:and Northumberland see 3609:(for speakers from the 3601:(for speakers from the 3480:sound in words such as 1992:Central and Lower North 1742:English Dialect Grammar 1617:The consonant clusters 1491:Many varieties undergo 1400:Commonwealth of Nations 785:Part of a series on the 301:phonetic transcriptions 272:Unified English Braille 6349:Received Pronunciation 5895:McArthur, Tom (2002). 5782:Beal, Joan C. (2012). 5214:Frontiers in Sociology 4139:the Lancashire Hotpots 3830:: comedian and writer 2988:, sounding like "noo". 2876:or, emphatically, for 2662:, and more closely to 2479:Received Pronunciation 2438:In the south-west, an 1353:Received Pronunciation 1289: 1276: 1184:spoken and written in 1073:San Andrés–Providencia 805:English-speaking world 298:This article contains 6543:Multicultural Toronto 5934:Trask, Larry (1999). 5798:"The Queen's English" 4817:Christopher Eccleston 4686:: singer and actress 4676:and motorcycle racer 4507:Rita, Sue and Bob Too 4428:, lead vocalist with 4368:): the rock musician 4194:Christopher Eccleston 4127:, had Scouse accents. 4105:Echo and the Bunnymen 4061:Brian Cox (physicist) 3989:having the strongest. 3860:and singer and actor 3583:. Barrow grew on the 3493:baird, fairst, nairse 2959:East Midlands English 2809:West Midlands English 2670:of English spoken in 2554:West Country dialects 2419:: it is used in "comm 2253:Rural Norfolk/Suffolk 1824:Industrial Revolution 1392:New York City English 1388:South African English 1284: 1272: 903:Antiguan and Barbudan 240:East Midlands English 235:West Midlands English 7282:Languages of England 6704:Western Pennsylvania 6053:The Language Library 5936:Language: The Basics 5918:Peters, Pam (2004). 5668:on 29 September 2007 5409:on 27 September 2007 5099:Bernard Shaw, George 4893:Languages of England 4474:and ex-union leader 4424:. Singer-songwriter 3910:: old recordings by 3772:Stanford in the Vale 3693:improve this article 3083:Mixing of the words 2995:vowel of words like 2946:English–Welsh border 2824:Black Country accent 2764:accent much less so. 1959:Newcastle/Sunderland 1692:and as far south as 1562:distinction between 810:As a second language 687:World Heritage Sites 198:Early Modern English 7241:Mid-Atlantic accent 6832:Trinidad and Tobago 6109:on 5 December 2010. 5859:on 12 December 2017 5281:, pp. 104–106. 5269:, pp. 348–349. 4753:Auf Wiedersehen Pet 4446:: in the 1969 film 4355:One Man and His Dog 4306:The Vicar of Dibley 4274:, actor and singer 4119:. The British soap 4011:Janet Street Porter 3603:Newcastle upon Tyne 2895:The Birmingham and 2446:in RP; there is no 1677:(with the vowel of 1588:horse–hoarse merger 1384:New Zealand English 1268:George Bernard Shaw 178:Proto-West Germanic 168:Proto-Indo-European 6764:Pennsylvania Dutch 6083:, British Library 5828:Itre.cis.upenn.edu 5717:Robinson, Jonnie. 5660:Wood, Vic (2007). 5524:on 3 November 2012 5162:Alvarez, Lizette; 5002:English, a. and n. 4775:The programmes of 4594:Corinne Bailey Rae 4543:Wallace and Gromit 4384:for more examples. 4328:Justin Lee Collins 4137:. The comedy band 4107:. Also the singer 3920:the Rolling Stones 3870:Julie Hesmondhalgh 3592:North East England 3547:Lancashire dialect 3489:bird, first, nurse 3348:Liverpool (Scouse) 3319:present historical 2568:South West England 2548:South West England 2427:nd" but not in "br 2106:Manchester/Salford 2031:Central Lancashire 1860:Very few cars made 1840:Very few cars made 1380:Australian English 744:England portal 536:English folk music 439:Saint George's Day 335:Culture of England 106:North Sea Germanic 7264: 7263: 7149: 7148: 6949: 6948: 6858: 6857: 6776: 6775: 6772: 6771: 6697:Pacific Northwest 6558:Standard Canadian 6489: 6488: 6434: 6433: 6374: 6373: 5621:978-0-511-62078-2 5583:Missing or empty 5452:978-3-11-019718-1 5294:, 1979, page xxiv 4705:Coronation Street 4641:The Price of Coal 4589:Coronation Street 4472:Michael Parkinson 4463:Coronation Street 4270:, the footballer 4009:: the journalist 3883:Coronation Street 3840:: TV personality 3734:Margaret Thatcher 3725: 3724: 3717: 3573:Barrow-in-Furness 3393:Wuthering Heights 3387:Yorkshire dialect 2778:can become "wom". 2705:in FLEECE words. 2360: 2359: 1771:secondary schools 1553:for intervocalic 1234:on the island of 1207:The related term 1178: 1177: 851:Linguistic purism 836:European language 780: 779: 294: 293: 16:(Redirected from 7289: 7161:English language 7046: 7045: 6867: 6866: 6850:Falkland Islands 6749:General American 6722:African-American 6575: 6574: 6509: 6508: 6498: 6497: 6200: 6199: 6191: 6190: 6180: 6179: 6151: 6144: 6137: 6128: 6127: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6102:. Archived from 6101: 6037: 6028: 6009: 5987: 5968: 5949: 5892: 5869: 5868: 5866: 5864: 5845: 5839: 5838: 5836: 5834: 5819: 5813: 5812: 5810: 5808: 5794: 5788: 5787: 5779: 5773: 5772: 5770: 5768: 5745: 5739: 5738: 5736: 5734: 5714: 5708: 5707: 5705: 5703: 5693: 5684: 5678: 5677: 5675: 5673: 5657: 5651: 5644: 5638: 5632: 5626: 5625: 5599: 5593: 5592: 5586: 5581: 5579: 5571: 5569: 5567: 5558:. Archived from 5552: 5546: 5540: 5534: 5533: 5531: 5529: 5514: 5508: 5507: 5499: 5493: 5487: 5481: 5475: 5469: 5463: 5457: 5456: 5438: 5432: 5425: 5419: 5418: 5416: 5414: 5408: 5401: 5392: 5386: 5385: 5383: 5381: 5376:. BBC News. 2005 5370: 5364: 5363: 5361: 5359: 5354:on 13 March 2009 5344: 5338: 5332: 5323: 5322: 5320: 5318: 5312: 5301: 5295: 5290:A. C. Gimson in 5288: 5282: 5276: 5270: 5264: 5258: 5257: 5247: 5229: 5205: 5199: 5193: 5187: 5185: 5177: 5171: 5160: 5154: 5148: 5142: 5141: 5123: 5117: 5116: 5115: 5113: 5095: 5089: 5082: 5076: 5075: 5069: 5061: 5041: 5035: 5025: 5019: 5013: 5007: 5006: 4997: 4980: 4977: 4971: 4968: 4962: 4959: 4953: 4950: 4944: 4941: 4935: 4932: 4926: 4919: 4882: 4877: 4876: 4868: 4863: 4862: 4861: 4760:men in Germany. 4710: 4580:Beverley Callard 4558:Reece Shearsmith 4518:Geoffrey Boycott 4324:Stephen Merchant 4296:Jayne Middlemiss 4125:Jennifer Ellison 4053:Dominic Monaghan 4049:Herman's Hermits 4003:characteristics. 3968: 3964: 3928:Stanley Holloway 3720: 3713: 3709: 3706: 3700: 3677: 3669: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3567:People from the 3558:Cumbrian dialect 3536: 3529: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3482:start, car, park 3479: 3429: 3425: 3421: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3365: 3273: 3265: 3234:American English 3219:dress, test, pet 3209: 3194: 3187: 3183: 3171: 3159: 3147: 3130:Northern England 3124: 3119:Northamptonshire 3096:Northamptonshire 3068:, influenced by 2987: 2920:Potteries accent 2704: 2523:Second World War 2445: 2441: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2363:Southern England 2329: 2247: 2214:Bristol/Plymouth 2028: 1946: 1940: 1934: 1927: 1920: 1914: 1907: 1901: 1895: 1889:Strongest centre 1886:'s accent region 1877: 1876: 1857: 1812:Northamptonshire 1728:Change over time 1687: 1676: 1672: 1665: 1658: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1582: 1569: 1565: 1556: 1440: 1428: 1424: 1419:foot–strut split 1359:when in public. 1357:Standard English 1338: 1326: 1322: 1305:foot–strut split 1293:Southern English 1258:General features 1244:Northern Ireland 1217:Scottish English 1182:English language 1170: 1163: 1156: 973:Falkland Islands 791:English language 782: 781: 772: 765: 758: 742: 741: 740: 546:Long Sword dance 454:Harvest Festival 449:Guy Fawkes Night 444:Commonwealth Day 384:Country clothing 346: 337: 330: 329: 320: 316: 287: 267:English alphabet 258: 126:European English 85: 32: 31: 21: 7297: 7296: 7292: 7291: 7290: 7288: 7287: 7286: 7267: 7266: 7265: 7260: 7145: 7102: 7057: 7037: 6945: 6941:Solomon Islands 6910: 6854: 6836: 6768: 6759:New York Latino 6734:American Indian 6714: 6708: 6569: 6562: 6503: 6485: 6471:Channel Islands 6462: 6430: 6397: 6370: 6313: 6275: 6185: 6169: 6155: 6111: 6106: 6099: 6095: 6085:Collect Britain 6062: 6044: 6042:Further reading 6034:Trudgill (1984) 6025: 6006: 5984: 5965: 5946: 5889: 5873: 5872: 5862: 5860: 5847: 5846: 5842: 5832: 5830: 5820: 5816: 5806: 5804: 5796: 5795: 5791: 5780: 5776: 5766: 5764: 5762: 5746: 5742: 5732: 5730: 5715: 5711: 5701: 5699: 5691: 5685: 5681: 5671: 5669: 5658: 5654: 5645: 5641: 5633: 5629: 5622: 5600: 5596: 5584: 5582: 5573: 5572: 5565: 5563: 5554: 5553: 5549: 5541: 5537: 5527: 5525: 5516: 5515: 5511: 5500: 5496: 5488: 5484: 5476: 5472: 5464: 5460: 5453: 5439: 5435: 5426: 5422: 5412: 5410: 5406: 5399: 5393: 5389: 5379: 5377: 5372: 5371: 5367: 5357: 5355: 5346: 5345: 5341: 5333: 5326: 5316: 5314: 5310: 5302: 5298: 5289: 5285: 5277: 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3549: 3543: 3457:The accents of 3455: 3389: 3383: 3356: 3350: 3201:trap–bath split 3138: 3132: 2961: 2955: 2811: 2805: 2711: 2695:Norfolk dialect 2691: 2668:Cornish dialect 2656:Celtic language 2599:Gloucestershire 2556: 2550: 2472:London accent, 2448:trap–bath split 2389: 2379:Kentish dialect 2371: 2365: 2327: 2245: 2026: 1944: 1938: 1932: 1925: 1918: 1912: 1905: 1899: 1893: 1872:long stone hill 1855: 1852:trap–bath split 1832: 1730: 1486:Trap–bath split 1260: 1252:Hiberno-English 1209:British English 1198:English English 1190:British English 1174: 823:Advanced topics 776: 738: 736: 729: 728: 719:National anthem 704: 703: 692: 691: 682: 681: 670: 669: 615: 614: 603: 602: 573: 572: 561: 560: 521: 520: 518:performing arts 484: 483: 434: 433: 404: 403: 379: 378: 333: 328: 327: 326: 283: 270: 259: 254: 219: 163: 156: 136:English English 131:British English 86: 83:Language family 81: 35:English English 28: 23: 22: 18:English English 15: 12: 11: 5: 7295: 7285: 7284: 7279: 7262: 7261: 7259: 7258: 7253: 7248: 7243: 7238: 7233: 7228: 7223: 7218: 7217: 7216: 7211: 7203: 7201:Englishisation 7198: 7193: 7188: 7183: 7178: 7173: 7168: 7163: 7157: 7155: 7151: 7150: 7147: 7146: 7144: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7128: 7123: 7118: 7112: 7110: 7108:Southeast Asia 7104: 7103: 7101: 7100: 7095: 7090: 7085: 7084: 7083: 7073: 7067: 7065: 7059: 7058: 7056: 7055: 7049: 7043: 7039: 7038: 7036: 7035: 7030: 7025: 7023:South Atlantic 7020: 7019: 7018: 7013: 7003: 6998: 6993: 6988: 6983: 6978: 6973: 6968: 6963: 6957: 6955: 6951: 6950: 6947: 6946: 6944: 6943: 6938: 6933: 6932: 6931: 6921: 6915: 6912: 6911: 6909: 6908: 6903: 6898: 6893: 6888: 6887: 6886: 6875: 6873: 6864: 6860: 6859: 6856: 6855: 6853: 6852: 6847: 6841: 6838: 6837: 6835: 6834: 6829: 6824: 6819: 6814: 6813: 6812: 6805:Cayman Islands 6802: 6797: 6792: 6786: 6784: 6778: 6777: 6774: 6773: 6770: 6769: 6767: 6766: 6761: 6756: 6751: 6746: 6741: 6736: 6731: 6730: 6729: 6718: 6716: 6715:ethno-cultural 6710: 6709: 6707: 6706: 6701: 6700: 6699: 6694: 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5988: 5982: 5969: 5963: 5950: 5944: 5931: 5916: 5893: 5887: 5871: 5870: 5840: 5814: 5802:Phon.ucl.ac.uk 5789: 5774: 5760: 5740: 5709: 5679: 5652: 5639: 5637:, p. 351. 5627: 5620: 5594: 5562:on 24 May 2024 5547: 5535: 5509: 5494: 5482: 5470: 5468:, p. 352. 5458: 5451: 5433: 5420: 5387: 5365: 5339: 5337:, section 4.4. 5324: 5296: 5283: 5271: 5259: 5200: 5198:, p. 138. 5188: 5172: 5155: 5143: 5136: 5118: 5090: 5077: 5056: 5036: 5027:Tom McArthur, 5020: 5008: 4991: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4982: 4981: 4972: 4963: 4954: 4945: 4936: 4927: 4913: 4912: 4910: 4907: 4906: 4905: 4900: 4895: 4890: 4884: 4883: 4869: 4866:England portal 4853: 4850: 4829:Catherine Tate 4744:Ian La Frenais 4727: 4724: 4723: 4722: 4721: 4720: 4700:Reece Dinsdale 4681: 4663: 4660:Arctic Monkeys 4655:The Full Monty 4633: 4621: 4606:Angela Griffin 4565: 4547: 4540:and Sallis in 4521: 4511: 4479: 4435: 4434: 4433: 4403: 4385: 4374:Jasper Carrott 4343: 4342: 4341: 4331: 4299: 4278:, rock singer 4245: 4227: 4208:Stoke-on-Trent 4205: 4187: 4177: 4176: 4175: 4142: 4128: 4085:Steven Gerrard 4068: 4045:Noel Gallagher 4030: 4029: 4028: 4014: 4004: 3990: 3905: 3895: 3835: 3825: 3811: 3785: 3782:Jack O'Connell 3775: 3761: 3758:David Dimbleby 3723: 3722: 3681: 3679: 3672: 3666: 3663: 3662: 3661: 3657: 3638: 3623: 3593: 3590: 3589: 3588: 3553: 3550: 3545:Main article: 3542: 3539: 3524: 3523: 3522:can all occur. 3508: 3497: 3496: 3485: 3474: 3454: 3451: 3450: 3449: 3435: 3417: 3385:Main article: 3382: 3379: 3352:Main article: 3349: 3346: 3280: 3279: 3260: 3237: 3222: 3215: 3204: 3189: 3134:Main article: 3131: 3128: 3127: 3126: 3111: 3104:Leicestershire 3092: 3081: 3027: 3000: 2989: 2975: 2972: 2957:Main article: 2954: 2951: 2950: 2949: 2934:Worcestershire 2927: 2904:Stoke-on-Trent 2900: 2893: 2838: 2835:Ng-coalescence 2831: 2818:accents (see " 2807:Main article: 2804: 2801: 2800: 2799: 2793: 2779: 2765: 2754: 2735: 2710: 2707: 2690: 2687: 2676:Cornish people 2552:Main article: 2549: 2546: 2496: 2495: 2480: 2477: 2409:/kɑːst/,/bɑːθ/ 2383:Surrey dialect 2375:Sussex dialect 2367:Main article: 2364: 2361: 2358: 2357: 2355: 2353: 2350: 2347: 2344: 2342: 2340: 2337: 2334: 2332: 2330: 2321: 2320: 2318: 2315: 2312: 2309: 2306: 2304: 2302: 2299: 2296: 2295:Greater London 2293: 2290: 2283:London/Estuary 2279: 2278: 2276: 2274: 2271: 2268: 2265: 2262: 2260: 2257: 2254: 2251: 2248: 2239: 2238: 2236: 2234: 2231: 2228: 2225: 2223: 2221: 2218: 2215: 2212: 2209: 2203: 2202: 2200: 2198: 2195: 2192: 2189: 2187: 2185: 2182: 2179: 2176: 2173: 2167: 2166: 2164: 2162: 2159: 2156: 2153: 2151: 2149: 2146: 2143: 2140: 2137: 2131: 2130: 2128: 2126: 2123: 2120: 2117: 2115: 2113: 2110: 2107: 2104: 2101: 2095: 2094: 2092: 2090: 2087: 2084: 2081: 2079: 2077: 2074: 2071: 2068: 2065: 2059: 2058: 2056: 2054: 2051: 2048: 2045: 2043: 2041: 2038: 2035: 2032: 2029: 2020: 2019: 2017: 2015: 2012: 2009: 2006: 2004: 2002: 1999: 1996: 1995:Leeds/Bradford 1993: 1990: 1984: 1983: 1981: 1979: 1976: 1973: 1970: 1968: 1966: 1963: 1960: 1957: 1954: 1948: 1947: 1942: 1935: 1929: 1922: 1916: 1909: 1902: 1896: 1890: 1887: 1881: 1836:Peter Trudgill 1831: 1828: 1729: 1726: 1725: 1724: 1701: 1698:Watling Street 1667: 1646: 1615: 1584: 1558: 1547: 1489: 1442: 1437:homophones as 1415: 1259: 1256: 1248:Ulster English 1194:United Kingdom 1176: 1175: 1173: 1172: 1165: 1158: 1150: 1147: 1146: 1145: 1144: 1136: 1135: 1131: 1130: 1129: 1128: 1120: 1115: 1110: 1105: 1100: 1098:South Atlantic 1095: 1090: 1085: 1080: 1075: 1070: 1065: 1060: 1055: 1050: 1045: 1040: 1035: 1030: 1025: 1020: 1015: 1010: 1005: 1000: 995: 990: 985: 980: 975: 970: 965: 960: 955: 950: 945: 940: 935: 930: 925: 920: 915: 910: 905: 900: 895: 890: 882: 881: 877: 876: 875: 874: 861: 860: 856: 855: 854: 853: 848: 843: 841:Modern English 838: 833: 825: 824: 820: 819: 818: 817: 812: 807: 799: 798: 794: 793: 787: 786: 778: 777: 775: 774: 767: 760: 752: 749: 748: 747: 746: 731: 730: 727: 726: 721: 716: 711: 705: 699: 698: 697: 694: 693: 690: 689: 683: 677: 676: 675: 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4: 3: 2: 7294: 7283: 7280: 7278: 7275: 7274: 7272: 7257: 7254: 7252: 7249: 7247: 7244: 7242: 7239: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7229: 7227: 7224: 7222: 7221:International 7219: 7215: 7212: 7210: 7207: 7206: 7204: 7202: 7199: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7189: 7187: 7184: 7182: 7179: 7177: 7174: 7172: 7169: 7167: 7164: 7162: 7159: 7158: 7156: 7152: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7113: 7111: 7109: 7105: 7099: 7096: 7094: 7091: 7089: 7086: 7082: 7079: 7078: 7077: 7074: 7072: 7069: 7068: 7066: 7064: 7060: 7054: 7051: 7050: 7047: 7044: 7040: 7034: 7031: 7029: 7026: 7024: 7021: 7017: 7014: 7012: 7009: 7008: 7007: 7004: 7002: 6999: 6997: 6994: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6984: 6982: 6979: 6977: 6974: 6972: 6969: 6967: 6964: 6962: 6959: 6958: 6956: 6952: 6942: 6939: 6937: 6934: 6930: 6927: 6926: 6925: 6922: 6920: 6917: 6916: 6913: 6907: 6904: 6902: 6901:Torres Strait 6899: 6897: 6894: 6892: 6889: 6885: 6882: 6881: 6880: 6877: 6876: 6874: 6872: 6868: 6865: 6861: 6851: 6848: 6846: 6843: 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(Advocates 6112:(621 KB) 6105: 6098: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6086: 6082: 6078: 6075: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6063: 6054: 6051:, in series, 6050: 6046: 6045: 6035: 6030: 6026: 6024:0-521-28540-2 6020: 6016: 6011: 6007: 6005:0-521-28540-2 6001: 5997: 5993: 5989: 5985: 5983:0-340-80834-9 5979: 5975: 5970: 5966: 5964:0-521-28409-0 5960: 5956: 5951: 5947: 5945:0-415-20089-X 5941: 5937: 5932: 5929: 5928:0-521-62181-X 5925: 5921: 5917: 5914: 5913:0-19-860771-7 5910: 5906: 5905:0-19-866248-3 5902: 5898: 5894: 5890: 5888:0-340-61445-5 5884: 5880: 5875: 5874: 5858: 5854: 5853:Breaking News 5850: 5844: 5829: 5825: 5818: 5803: 5799: 5793: 5785: 5778: 5763: 5757: 5753: 5752: 5744: 5728: 5724: 5720: 5713: 5697: 5690: 5683: 5667: 5663: 5656: 5649: 5643: 5636: 5631: 5623: 5617: 5613: 5609: 5605: 5598: 5590: 5577: 5561: 5557: 5551: 5545:, p. 65. 5544: 5539: 5523: 5519: 5513: 5505: 5498: 5492:, p. 58. 5491: 5486: 5480:, p. 62. 5479: 5474: 5467: 5462: 5454: 5448: 5444: 5437: 5430: 5424: 5405: 5398: 5391: 5375: 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Potteries 4209: 4206: 4203: 4199: 4198:Happy Mondays 4195: 4191: 4188: 4185: 4181: 4178: 4173: 4172:Port Sunlight 4170: 4169:model village 4166: 4165:Dead or Alive 4162: 4159:, pop singer 4158: 4154: 4150: 4146: 4143: 4140: 4136: 4132: 4129: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4113:Craig Charles 4110: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4094: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4079: 4078: 4076: 4072: 4069: 4066: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4042: 4038: 4034: 4031: 4026: 4022: 4021:Sally Gunnell 4018: 4015: 4012: 4008: 4005: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3991: 3988: 3984: 3980: 3979: 3974: 3973: 3960: 3956: 3955:Michael Caine 3952: 3949:: the actors 3948: 3945: 3944: 3942: 3941:David Beckham 3939: 3935: 3934: 3929: 3925: 3921: 3917: 3916:Julie Andrews 3913: 3909: 3906: 3903: 3899: 3896: 3893: 3892:Jane Horrocks 3889: 3885: 3884: 3879: 3878:Julia Haworth 3875: 3871: 3867: 3863: 3859: 3855: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3839: 3836: 3833: 3832:Robert Newman 3829: 3828:Hertfordshire 3826: 3823: 3819: 3815: 3812: 3809: 3805: 3804:Essex dialect 3801: 3800:Emma Blackery 3797: 3793: 3789: 3786: 3783: 3779: 3776: 3773: 3769: 3765: 3762: 3759: 3755: 3751: 3750:Boris Johnson 3747: 3746:David Cameron 3743: 3739: 3735: 3731: 3727: 3726: 3719: 3716: 3708: 3698: 3694: 3688: 3687: 3682:This section 3680: 3676: 3671: 3670: 3658: 3655: 3651: 3647: 3646:Irish English 3643: 3639: 3624: 3621: 3617: 3616:County Durham 3612: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3596: 3595: 3586: 3582: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3565: 3563: 3559: 3548: 3538: 3531: 3509: 3506: 3502: 3501: 3500: 3494: 3490: 3486: 3483: 3475: 3472: 3469: 3468: 3467: 3464: 3460: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3436: 3433: 3418: 3415: 3414: 3413: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3394: 3388: 3378: 3361: 3355: 3345: 3343: 3338: 3336: 3332: 3328: 3324: 3320: 3315: 3313: 3309: 3305: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3277: 3269: 3262:The phonemes 3261: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3220: 3217:The vowel in 3216: 3213: 3205: 3202: 3198: 3190: 3179: 3175: 3167: 3163: 3155: 3151: 3143: 3142: 3141: 3137: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3028: 3025: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2983: 2979: 2976: 2973: 2970: 2966: 2965:East Midlands 2963: 2962: 2960: 2953:East Midlands 2947: 2943: 2939: 2935: 2932:and parts of 2931: 2930:Herefordshire 2928: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2898: 2894: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2836: 2832: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2812: 2810: 2803:West Midlands 2797: 2794: 2791: 2790:East Midlands 2788: 2784: 2783:Stanley Ellis 2780: 2777: 2773: 2769: 2766: 2763: 2762:East Midlands 2759: 2758:West Midlands 2755: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2733: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2712: 2706: 2699: 2696: 2686: 2684: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2654:, which is a 2653: 2649: 2648: 2642: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2631:Isle of Wight 2628: 2624: 2620: 2615: 2613: 2608: 2604: 2603:Herefordshire 2600: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2575: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2555: 2545: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2530: 2528: 2524: 2519: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2481: 2478: 2476:in particular 2475: 2471: 2470: 2469: 2466: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2451: 2449: 2436: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2394: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2370: 2356: 2354: 2351: 2348: 2345: 2343: 2341: 2338: 2335: 2333: 2331: 2326: 2323: 2322: 2319: 2316: 2313: 2310: 2307: 2305: 2303: 2300: 2297: 2294: 2292:Home Counties 2291: 2288: 2284: 2281: 2280: 2277: 2275: 2272: 2269: 2266: 2263: 2261: 2258: 2255: 2252: 2249: 2246:(traditional) 2244: 2241: 2240: 2237: 2235: 2232: 2229: 2226: 2224: 2222: 2219: 2216: 2213: 2210: 2208: 2205: 2204: 2201: 2199: 2196: 2193: 2190: 2188: 2186: 2183: 2180: 2177: 2174: 2172: 2171:East Midlands 2169: 2168: 2165: 2163: 2160: 2157: 2154: 2152: 2150: 2147: 2144: 2141: 2139:West Midlands 2138: 2136: 2133: 2132: 2129: 2127: 2124: 2121: 2118: 2116: 2114: 2111: 2108: 2105: 2102: 2100: 2097: 2096: 2093: 2091: 2088: 2085: 2082: 2080: 2078: 2075: 2072: 2069: 2066: 2064: 2061: 2060: 2057: 2055: 2052: 2049: 2046: 2044: 2042: 2039: 2036: 2033: 2030: 2027:(traditional) 2025: 2022: 2021: 2018: 2016: 2013: 2010: 2007: 2005: 2003: 2000: 1997: 1994: 1991: 1989: 1986: 1985: 1982: 1980: 1977: 1974: 1971: 1969: 1967: 1964: 1961: 1958: 1955: 1953: 1950: 1949: 1943: 1936: 1930: 1923: 1917: 1910: 1903: 1897: 1891: 1888: 1885: 1882: 1879: 1878: 1875: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1827: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1767: 1764: 1759: 1757: 1753: 1752: 1747: 1746:Joseph Wright 1743: 1739: 1735: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1711:; the use of 1710: 1706: 1702: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1684: 1680: 1668: 1666:do not rhyme. 1662: 1655: 1651: 1650:bad–lad split 1647: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1616: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1559: 1552: 1548: 1545: 1544: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1510: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1495: 1490: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1436: 1432: 1420: 1416: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1376:syllable coda 1373: 1369: 1368: 1367: 1365: 1364:John C. Wells 1360: 1358: 1354: 1348: 1346: 1342: 1334: 1330: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1288: 1283: 1281: 1275: 1271: 1269: 1265: 1255: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1236:Great Britain 1233: 1229: 1225: 1220: 1218: 1214: 1213:Welsh English 1210: 1205: 1203: 1202:Anglo-English 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1171: 1166: 1164: 1159: 1157: 1152: 1151: 1149: 1148: 1143: 1140: 1139: 1138: 1137: 1133: 1132: 1127: 1126: 1121: 1119: 1116: 1114: 1111: 1109: 1106: 1104: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1094: 1093:South African 1091: 1089: 1086: 1084: 1081: 1079: 1076: 1074: 1071: 1069: 1066: 1064: 1061: 1059: 1056: 1054: 1051: 1049: 1046: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1026: 1024: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1014: 1011: 1009: 1006: 1004: 1001: 999: 996: 994: 991: 989: 986: 984: 981: 979: 976: 974: 971: 969: 966: 964: 961: 959: 956: 954: 951: 949: 946: 944: 941: 939: 936: 934: 931: 929: 926: 924: 921: 919: 916: 914: 911: 909: 906: 904: 901: 899: 896: 894: 891: 889: 886: 885: 884: 883: 879: 878: 872: 868: 865: 864: 863: 862: 858: 857: 852: 849: 847: 844: 842: 839: 837: 834: 832: 829: 828: 827: 826: 822: 821: 816: 813: 811: 808: 806: 803: 802: 801: 800: 796: 795: 792: 789: 788: 784: 783: 773: 768: 766: 761: 759: 754: 753: 751: 750: 745: 735: 734: 733: 732: 725: 722: 720: 717: 715: 712: 710: 707: 706: 702: 696: 695: 688: 685: 684: 680: 674: 673: 666: 663: 661: 658: 656: 653: 651: 648: 646: 643: 641: 638: 636: 633: 631: 628: 626: 623: 621: 618: 617: 613: 607: 606: 599: 596: 594: 591: 589: 586: 584: 581: 579: 576: 575: 571: 565: 564: 557: 554: 552: 549: 547: 544: 542: 541:Garland dance 539: 537: 534: 532: 531:Country dance 529: 527: 524: 523: 519: 515: 509: 508: 505: 502: 501: 498: 495: 494: 491: 488: 487: 480: 477: 475: 474:Plough Sunday 472: 470: 469:Plough Monday 467: 465: 462: 460: 457: 455: 452: 450: 447: 445: 442: 440: 437: 436: 432: 426: 425: 422: 419: 418: 415: 411: 408: 407: 400: 397: 395: 392: 390: 387: 385: 382: 381: 377: 371: 370: 367: 364: 363: 360: 357: 356: 353: 350: 349: 345: 341: 340: 336: 332: 331: 324: 312: 308: 306: 302: 289: 286: 281: 276: 273: 268: 264: 261: 257: 251: 246: 243: 241: 238: 236: 233: 231: 228: 227: 226: 222: 204: 201: 200: 199: 196: 195: 194: 191: 190: 189: 186: 185: 184: 183:Proto-English 181: 180: 179: 176: 175: 174: 171: 170: 169: 165: 159: 137: 134: 133: 132: 129: 128: 127: 124: 123: 122: 119: 118: 117: 114: 113: 112: 111:Anglo-Frisian 109: 108: 107: 104: 103: 102: 101:West Germanic 99: 98: 97: 94: 93: 92: 91:Indo-European 88: 84: 78: 75: 72: 68: 65: 62: 58: 55: 52: 48: 43: 40:Anglo-English 38: 33: 30: 19: 7006:South Africa 7001:Sierra Leone 6754:Miami Latino 6643:Philadelphia 6631:Inland North 6536:Newfoundland 6354:West Country 6194: 6168:by continent 6115: 6104:the original 6052: 6048: 6014: 5995: 5973: 5954: 5935: 5919: 5896: 5878: 5861:. Retrieved 5857:the original 5852: 5843: 5831:. Retrieved 5827: 5817: 5805:. Retrieved 5801: 5792: 5783: 5777: 5765:. Retrieved 5750: 5743: 5731:. Retrieved 5722: 5712: 5702:12 September 5700:. Retrieved 5695: 5682: 5672:12 September 5670:. Retrieved 5666:the original 5655: 5647: 5646:K.M. Petyt, 5642: 5635:Wells (1982) 5630: 5603: 5597: 5585:|title= 5564:. Retrieved 5560:the original 5550: 5538: 5526:. Retrieved 5522:the original 5512: 5503: 5497: 5490:Wells (1984) 5485: 5478:Wells (1984) 5473: 5466:Wells (1982) 5461: 5442: 5436: 5428: 5423: 5413:12 September 5411:. Retrieved 5404:the original 5390: 5380:12 September 5378:. Retrieved 5368: 5358:12 September 5356:. Retrieved 5352:the original 5342: 5335:Wells (1982) 5315:. Retrieved 5306: 5299: 5291: 5286: 5279:Trask (1999) 5274: 5267:Wells (1992) 5262: 5217: 5213: 5203: 5191: 5181: 5175: 5158: 5146: 5127: 5121: 5110:, retrieved 5106: 5093: 5085: 5080: 5046: 5039: 5028: 5023: 5018:, p. 2. 5011: 5001: 4995: 4975: 4966: 4957: 4948: 4939: 4930: 4922: 4917: 4843: 4841: 4837:Tenth Doctor 4825:Billie Piper 4803: 4797: 4786: 4780: 4774: 4767: 4761: 4751: 4748:Dick Clement 4741: 4730: 4729: 4703: 4666:South Humber 4653: 4639: 4629:Little Voice 4627: 4610:Chris Moyles 4587: 4584:Liz McDonald 4541: 4535: 4528:Peter Sallis 4524:Holme Valley 4516:: cricketer 4505: 4486:Gareth Gates 4461: 4447: 4430:The Specials 4419: 4413: 4408:: the actor 4353: 4350:Phil Drabble 4314:: Professor 4302:West Country 4272:Alan Shearer 4264:Robson Green 4256:Alan Milburn 4242:Chris Waddle 4167:is from the 4149:Paul O'Grady 4135:Johnny Vegas 4059:, physicist 4023:, the model 4001:social class 3976: 3970: 3959:Ray Winstone 3933:My Fair Lady 3931: 3912:Petula Clark 3881: 3730:Elizabeth II 3711: 3702: 3691:Please help 3686:verification 3683: 3649: 3585:shipbuilding 3532: 3525: 3498: 3492: 3488: 3481: 3470: 3456: 3442: 3438: 3432:glottal stop 3391: 3390: 3360:Irish people 3357: 3339: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3316: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3281: 3275: 3267: 3256: 3252: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3229: 3225: 3218: 3211: 3196: 3177: 3173: 3165: 3161: 3153: 3149: 3139: 3117:in northern 3113:The town of 3088: 3084: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3030:Lincolnshire 3023: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3007: 2996: 2992: 2981: 2978:Yod-dropping 2942:Welsh accent 2915: 2911: 2907: 2906:, the short 2889: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2856:(related to 2853: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2833:There is no 2827: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2719: 2700: 2692: 2645: 2643: 2638: 2635:urbanisation 2616: 2612:Anglo-Saxons 2576: 2572:West Country 2557: 2531: 2520: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2500:social class 2497: 2492:East Anglian 2484:West Country 2467: 2452: 2437: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2423:nd" and "dem 2420: 2413:/kæst/,/bæθ/ 2411:rather than 2390: 2243:East Anglian 2207:West Country 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1833: 1768: 1760: 1756:Dialect Test 1749: 1741: 1733: 1731: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1678: 1660: 1653: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1614:differently. 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1576: 1572: 1551:glottal stop 1541: 1534:hypercorrect 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1514:A. C. Gimson 1509:My Fair Lady 1507: 1503: 1499: 1493: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1434: 1430: 1404:West Country 1361: 1349: 1344: 1340: 1332: 1328: 1315:and then to 1290: 1285: 1277: 1273: 1270:'s comment: 1264:social class 1261: 1221: 1208: 1206: 1201: 1197: 1179: 1122: 1083:Sierra Leone 967: 714:Coat of arms 665:Table tennis 635:Field hockey 556:Mummers play 551:Morris dance 365: 317:and ⟨ 299: 135: 29: 7131:Philippines 6924:New Zealand 6810:Bay Islands 6790:The Bahamas 6713:Social and 6670:New Orleans 6587:New England 6481:Isle of Man 6426:Port Talbot 6327:East Anglia 6244:Northumbria 6118:spellings.) 5723:Blogs.bl.uk 5317:24 November 4845:Rock School 4732:The Archers 4715:, the band 4713:Helen Worth 4652:, the film 4648:, the band 4624:Scarborough 4618:Keith Lemon 4612:, Comedian 4608:, Radio DJ 4596:, the band 4576:Spice Girls 4562:Paul Heaton 4502:Girls Aloud 4421:King Arthur 4400:Rob Halford 4378:Rob Halford 4340:, ruralist. 4288:Ant and Dec 4214:: pop star 4153:Lily Savage 4133:: Comedian 4109:Cilla Black 4093:The Beatles 4063:, musician 4025:Katie Price 4007:West London 3997:Guy Ritchie 3987:Steve Jones 3983:Sex Pistols 3951:Bob Hoskins 3900:: The band 3854:BBC Radio 1 3850:Danny Jones 3844:, comedian 3842:Fred Dibnah 3818:John Arlott 3754:John Cleese 3742:Noël Coward 3577:Strathclyde 3503:Absence of 3337:up there." 3228:" vowel of 3224:The "short 3108:Oxfordshire 2822:") and the 2658:related to 2623:Oxfordshire 2250:East Anglia 1880:Accent name 1783:agriculture 1406:, parts of 1323:split into 1053:New Zealand 948:Cameroonian 923:Bay Islands 918:Bangladeshi 650:Lawn tennis 188:Old English 162:Early forms 7271:Categories 7071:Bangladesh 7063:South Asia 7016:Cape Flats 6966:The Gambia 6891:Aboriginal 6727:vernacular 6692:California 6665:High Tider 6660:Appalachia 6521:Aboriginal 6453:South-West 6297:Birmingham 6254:Sunderland 6239:Manchester 6229:Lancashire 5915:paperback. 5907:hardback, 5761:0748641521 5220:: 902213. 5050:. London. 4987:References 4805:Doctor Who 4802:programme 4777:Carla Lane 4678:Guy Martin 4604:, actress 4582:who plays 4490:Zayn Malik 4484:: singers 4426:Terry Hall 4410:Clive Owen 4362:Birmingham 4338:Laurie Lee 4276:Jimmy Nail 4260:Nick Brown 4230:Sunderland 4184:Carl Froch 4180:Nottingham 4161:Pete Burns 4157:Birkenhead 4145:The Wirral 4071:Merseyside 4033:Manchester 4019:: athlete 3995:: used by 3938:footballer 3890:. Actress 3858:Vernon Kay 3838:Lancashire 3611:Sunderland 3541:Lancashire 3473:-dropping. 3416:H-dropping 3038:Scunthorpe 2938:Shropshire 2816:Birmingham 2732:Birmingham 2724:Shropshire 2718:, so that 2521:After the 2431:nd" or "gr 2373:See also: 2142:Birmingham 2099:Manchester 2067:Merseyside 2034:Rossendale 2024:Lancashire 1820:South Asia 1804:Lancashire 1748:, and the 1738:A.J. 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