71:
19:
381:
63:. The southern part of the country was historically the cross roads of the caravan routes below the Sahara, forming a link between West Africa and the Arabic region, as well as one between North Africa and sub-Saharan Africa. The slave trade between sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East passed through the slave markets of Chad and Western Sudan, slave-trading was a key component of Chad's historic economy, and this brought people of various ethnicities into Chad. The
1187:
589:
Haber, Marc; Mezzavilla, Massimo; Bergström, Anders; Prado-Martinez, Javier; Hallast, Pille; Saif-Ali, Riyadh; Al-Habori, Molham; Dedoussis, George; Zeggini, Eleftheria; Blue-Smith, Jason; Wells, R. Spencer; Xue, Yali; Zalloua, Pierre A.; Tyler-Smith, Chris (2016-12-01).
50:
people belong to some 200 ethnicities, who speak numerous languages. The peoples of Chad carry significant ancestry from
Eastern, Central, Western, and Northern Africa. The population can be broadly divided between those in the east, north and west who follow
1885:
1911:
1958:
1954:
1950:
736:
1937:
1919:
1915:
1655:
702:
1120:
784:
1800:
1640:
1660:
357:
1577:
1164:
1051:
686:
658:
573:
1347:
777:
1675:
305:
began as early as the 8th century and was mostly complete by the 11th, when Islam became the official religion of the
1327:
1315:
1142:
1105:
1989:
1342:
1984:
1715:
1535:
1332:
1064:
770:
1137:
1110:
710:
1825:
1815:
1620:
1155:
1150:
518:
391:
1830:
1720:
1650:
1169:
499:
60:
1890:
1810:
1775:
1760:
1745:
1700:
1635:
1125:
1941:
1115:
1765:
1570:
1393:
1865:
1840:
1690:
1685:
1665:
1630:
1615:
1383:
1378:
1288:
1176:
1044:
960:
473:
302:
665:, Quote: "In the past, a key component of Chad's economy was the slave trade" (see photo's caption).
1928:
1850:
1820:
1805:
1790:
1780:
1770:
1735:
1730:
1680:
1625:
1600:
1322:
1268:
592:"Chad Genetic Diversity Reveals an African History Marked by Multiple Holocene Eurasian Migrations"
1860:
1855:
1795:
1750:
1710:
1605:
1586:
1494:
1305:
1835:
1785:
1740:
1725:
1705:
1695:
1670:
1610:
1337:
1237:
1207:
432:
306:
676:
1845:
1755:
1563:
1227:
1100:
648:
563:
547:
1439:
1403:
1293:
1273:
1186:
1037:
831:
528:
56:
27:
8:
1469:
1373:
1298:
1232:
1217:
1085:
881:
326:
1479:
1310:
1278:
732:
624:
591:
310:
1464:
1444:
1408:
1283:
1195:
748:
682:
654:
629:
611:
569:
523:
443:
35:
1509:
1499:
1474:
1256:
1242:
861:
619:
603:
477:
422:
55:, and the peoples of the south, the five southernmost prefectures, who are mostly
1528:
1434:
1398:
1361:
1222:
1212:
1072:
1016:
925:
814:
488:
464:
353:
1504:
1459:
1388:
1090:
1011:
940:
930:
920:
898:
876:
836:
821:
607:
459:
455:
447:
426:
361:
349:
322:
291:
161:
121:
110:
31:
1978:
1544:
1489:
1484:
1095:
1006:
1001:
992:
982:
965:
955:
945:
908:
893:
871:
856:
826:
809:
804:
752:
615:
494:
481:
451:
345:
52:
1454:
1080:
866:
633:
314:
290:
Other little-known ethnic groups believed to be living in Chad include the
64:
1555:
18:
975:
970:
950:
935:
915:
903:
851:
841:
503:
468:
438:
365:
238:
89:
762:
678:
West Africa During the
Atlantic Slave Trade: Archaeological Perspectives
380:
70:
1130:
888:
846:
588:
548:
Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Fifteenth edition, online version
1422:
337:
67:
estimates the largest ethnic groups as of the 2014-2015 census as:
1029:
987:
333:
203:
142:
132:
341:
318:
100:
1060:
47:
674:
415:
Ethno-linguistically, the groups may be divided into:
317:, and in Chad there was a tradition of slave raids (
1976:
565:The Roots of Violence: A History of War in Chad
557:
555:
332:Muslim groups other than the Shuwa include the
1571:
1045:
778:
561:
410:
646:
552:
329:which persisted well into the 20th century.
1585:
41:
1578:
1564:
1052:
1038:
785:
771:
737:"On the position of Kujarke within Chadic"
792:
725:
681:. Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 131–139.
623:
74:Ethnic groups by percentage of population
69:
17:
1977:
731:
653:. Marshall Cavendish. pp. 20–21.
596:The American Journal of Human Genetics
309:. The Shuwa established an economy of
1559:
1033:
766:
375:
371:
13:
582:
14:
2001:
1165:Insurgency in Chad (2016–present)
1059:
92:(Ngambaye/Sara/Madjingaye/Mbaye)
1886:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
1656:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1185:
379:
297:
265:Chadians of foreign ethnicities
675:Christopher R. DeCorse (2001).
195:Gabri/Kabalaye/Nanchere/Somrai
34:reports more than 130 distinct
695:
668:
640:
541:
429:, Hausa, numerous minor groups
171:Bidiyo/Migaama/Kenga/Dangleat
22:Caravan of Chadian Arab nomads
1:
1348:Transitional Military Council
1143:Chadian Civil War (2005–2010)
1106:Chadian Civil War (1965–1979)
534:
519:List of ethnic groups in Chad
419:Chadian Arabic-speaking Shuwa
568:. Routledge. pp. 9–10.
30:has numerous ethnic groups.
7:
512:
249:Mesmedje/Massalat/Kadjakse
10:
2006:
1316:Chief of the General Staff
608:10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.10.012
411:Language and ethnic groups
257:Other Chadian ethnicities
124:(Wadai/Maba/Masalit/Mimi)
1899:
1874:
1593:
1522:
1430:
1421:
1369:
1360:
1264:
1255:
1203:
1194:
1183:
1071:
800:
1641:Central African Republic
1587:Ethnic groups in Africa
42:History and demographics
36:languages spoken in Chad
1126:Chadian–Libyan conflict
1121:Transitional government
1990:Lists of ethnic groups
1096:French Colonial Period
562:M. J. Azevedo (2005).
388:This section is empty.
75:
23:
1985:Ethnic groups in Chad
1801:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
1661:Republic of the Congo
1101:Tombalbaye government
794:Ethnic groups in Chad
647:Martha Kneib (2007).
230:Zaghawa/Bideyat/Kobe
73:
21:
1147:Battle of N'Djamena
703:"The World Factbook"
529:Demographics of Chad
1876:States with limited
1086:Kingdom of Baguirmi
241:/Assongori/Mararit
1394:Telecommunications
1116:Malloum government
1081:Kanem-Bornu Empire
713:on January 9, 2019
307:Kanem–Bornu Empire
273:Foreign nationals
76:
28:population of Chad
24:
1972:
1971:
1903:other territories
1676:Equatorial Guinea
1553:
1552:
1518:
1517:
1417:
1416:
1356:
1355:
1328:Political parties
1323:National Assembly
1289:Foreign relations
1251:
1250:
1177:COVID-19 pandemic
1027:
1026:
688:978-0-7185-0247-8
660:978-0-7614-2327-0
575:978-1-135-30080-7
524:Languages of Chad
408:
407:
372:Non-Muslim groups
288:
287:
179:Dadjo/Kibet/Muro
153:Marba/Lele/Mesme
1997:
1964:
1963:(United Kingdom)
1959:Tristan da Cunha
1955:Ascension Island
1947:
1934:
1925:
1901:Dependencies and
1594:Sovereign states
1580:
1573:
1566:
1557:
1556:
1538:
1531:
1475:List of Chadians
1428:
1427:
1367:
1366:
1262:
1261:
1201:
1200:
1189:
1138:1990 coup d'Ă©tat
1111:1975 coup d'Ă©tat
1054:
1047:
1040:
1031:
1030:
787:
780:
773:
764:
763:
757:
756:
741:Folia Orientalia
729:
723:
722:
720:
718:
709:. Archived from
699:
693:
692:
672:
666:
664:
644:
638:
637:
627:
602:(6): 1316–1324.
586:
580:
579:
559:
550:
545:
403:
400:
390:You can help by
383:
376:
78:
77:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1994:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1967:
1962:
1945:
1932:
1923:
1904:
1902:
1895:
1879:
1877:
1870:
1589:
1584:
1554:
1549:
1541:
1534:
1527:
1514:
1495:Public holidays
1413:
1352:
1306:Law enforcement
1247:
1190:
1181:
1067:
1058:
1028:
1023:
796:
791:
761:
760:
730:
726:
716:
714:
701:
700:
696:
689:
673:
669:
661:
645:
641:
587:
583:
576:
560:
553:
546:
542:
537:
515:
474:Central Sudanic
465:Eastern Sudanic
439:Maban (Ouaddai)
413:
404:
398:
395:
374:
300:
222:Baguirmi/Barma
214:Karo/Zime/Peve
46:The 14 million
44:
12:
11:
5:
2003:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1970:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1948:
1935:
1926:
1912:Canary Islands
1908:
1907:
1905:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1882:
1880:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1590:
1583:
1582:
1575:
1568:
1560:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1547:
1540:
1539:
1532:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1431:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1370:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1350:
1345:
1343:Prime Minister
1340:
1338:Vice President
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1319:
1318:
1308:
1303:
1302:
1301:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1265:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1204:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1179:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1170:2021 offensive
1162:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1153:
1140:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1091:Ouaddai Empire
1088:
1083:
1077:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1057:
1056:
1049:
1042:
1034:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1009:
1004:
999:
998:
997:
996:
995:
980:
979:
978:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
912:
911:
901:
896:
891:
886:
885:
884:
879:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
818:
817:
807:
801:
798:
797:
790:
789:
782:
775:
767:
759:
758:
733:Blažek, Václav
724:
694:
687:
667:
659:
639:
581:
574:
551:
539:
538:
536:
533:
532:
531:
526:
521:
514:
511:
510:
509:
508:
507:
500:Atlantic-Congo
497:
486:
485:
484:
471:
462:
441:
430:
420:
412:
409:
406:
405:
399:September 2021
386:
384:
373:
370:
299:
296:
292:Kujarke people
286:
285:
282:
278:
277:
274:
270:
269:
266:
262:
261:
258:
254:
253:
250:
246:
245:
242:
235:
234:
231:
227:
226:
223:
219:
218:
215:
211:
210:
207:
206:/Fulbe/Bodore
200:
199:
196:
192:
191:
188:
184:
183:
180:
176:
175:
172:
168:
167:
164:
158:
157:
154:
150:
149:
146:
139:
138:
135:
129:
128:
125:
122:Masalit people
118:
117:
114:
113:/Bornu/Buduma
107:
106:
103:
97:
96:
93:
86:
85:
82:
43:
40:
32:SIL Ethnologue
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2002:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1949:
1943:
1939:
1936:
1930:
1927:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1906:
1898:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1873:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1716:Guinea-Bissau
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1581:
1576:
1574:
1569:
1567:
1562:
1561:
1558:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1533:
1530:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1450:Ethnic groups
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1055:
1050:
1048:
1043:
1041:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
994:
991:
990:
989:
986:
985:
984:
981:
977:
974:
973:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
910:
907:
906:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
883:
880:
878:
875:
874:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
832:Dar Daju Daju
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
816:
813:
812:
811:
810:Baggara Arabs
808:
806:
803:
802:
799:
795:
788:
783:
781:
776:
774:
769:
768:
765:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
728:
712:
708:
704:
698:
690:
684:
680:
679:
671:
662:
656:
652:
651:
643:
635:
631:
626:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
585:
577:
571:
567:
566:
558:
556:
549:
544:
540:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
516:
505:
501:
498:
496:
493:
492:
490:
487:
483:
479:
475:
472:
470:
466:
463:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
442:
440:
437:
436:
434:
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402:
393:
389:
385:
382:
378:
377:
369:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
330:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
298:Muslim groups
295:
293:
283:
280:
279:
275:
272:
271:
267:
264:
263:
259:
256:
255:
251:
248:
247:
243:
240:
237:
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229:
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221:
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216:
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197:
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185:
181:
178:
177:
173:
170:
169:
165:
163:
160:
159:
155:
152:
151:
147:
145:/Medogo/Kuka
144:
141:
140:
136:
134:
131:
130:
126:
123:
120:
119:
115:
112:
109:
108:
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83:
80:
79:
72:
68:
66:
62:
58:
54:
49:
39:
37:
33:
29:
20:
16:
1951:Saint Helena
1922:
1826:South Africa
1816:Sierra Leone
1645:
1621:Burkina Faso
1449:
1440:Demographics
1404:Trade unions
1294:Human rights
1274:Constitution
882:Yerwa Kanuri
793:
744:
740:
727:
715:. Retrieved
711:the original
706:
697:
677:
670:
649:
642:
599:
595:
584:
564:
543:
433:Nilo-Saharan
414:
396:
392:adding to it
387:
342:Fulbe/Fulani
331:
321:) under the
315:Sudan region
303:Islamization
301:
289:
281:Unspecified
187:Tupuri/Kera
65:CIA Factbook
45:
25:
15:
1878:recognition
1831:South Sudan
1721:Ivory Coast
1470:LGBT rights
1374:Agriculture
1233:Prefectures
1218:Departments
504:Fula people
489:Niger–Congo
313:across the
311:slave trade
84:Percentage
1979:Categories
1933:(Portugal)
1891:Somaliland
1811:Seychelles
1776:Mozambique
1761:Mauritania
1746:Madagascar
1701:The Gambia
1636:Cape Verde
1480:Literature
1279:Corruption
1131:Toyota War
535:References
1766:Mauritius
1465:Languages
1445:Education
1409:Transport
1384:Companies
1333:President
1284:Elections
1196:Geography
815:Shuweihat
753:0015-5675
717:13 August
616:0002-9297
57:Christian
1957: /
1953: /
1946:(France)
1940: /
1918: /
1914: /
1866:Zimbabwe
1841:Tanzania
1691:Ethiopia
1686:Eswatini
1666:Djibouti
1631:Cameroon
1616:Botswana
1545:Category
1510:Abortion
1500:Religion
1379:Currency
1311:Military
1257:Politics
1243:Wildlife
1065:articles
961:Sudanese
926:Mandinka
862:Hadjarai
735:(2015).
634:27889059
513:See also
478:Baguirmi
354:Baguirmi
350:Kanembou
338:Hadjerai
327:Baguirmi
1942:RĂ©union
1938:Mayotte
1929:Madeira
1924:(Spain)
1920:Melilla
1851:Tunisia
1821:Somalia
1806:Senegal
1791:Nigeria
1781:Namibia
1771:Morocco
1736:Liberia
1731:Lesotho
1681:Eritrea
1651:Comoros
1626:Burundi
1601:Algeria
1529:Outline
1435:Cuisine
1423:Culture
1399:Tourism
1362:Economy
1269:Borders
1223:Geology
1213:Climate
1073:History
1017:Bidayat
1012:Zaghawa
993:Anakaza
941:Masalit
931:Mararit
921:Mandara
899:Kujarke
877:Kanembu
837:Fongoro
822:Bagirmi
707:CIA.gov
625:5142112
456:Zaghawa
448:Kanembu
444:Saharan
362:Zaghawa
358:Boulala
323:Ouaddai
162:Mundang
111:Kanembu
81:Groups
61:animist
1961:
1944:
1931:
1861:Zambia
1856:Uganda
1796:Rwanda
1751:Malawi
1711:Guinea
1606:Angola
1505:Sports
1460:Health
1389:Mining
1238:Rivers
1208:Cities
1063:
1007:Tupuri
1002:Tunjur
988:Gouran
983:Toubou
966:Sungor
956:Sinyar
946:Musgum
909:Bilala
894:Kotoko
872:Kanuri
857:Haddad
827:Buduma
805:Amdang
751:
685:
657:
632:
622:
614:
572:
482:Sinyar
460:Toubou
452:Kanuri
423:Chadic
364:, and
346:Kotoko
334:Toubou
204:Fulani
143:Bilala
133:Gorane
116:10.3%
105:15.8%
95:15.5%
1916:Ceuta
1836:Sudan
1786:Niger
1741:Libya
1726:Kenya
1706:Ghana
1696:Gabon
1671:Egypt
1611:Benin
1536:Index
1490:Music
1485:Media
1228:Lakes
867:Hausa
427:Marba
319:ghazw
284:1.7%
276:0.3%
268:0.9%
260:3.4%
252:0.8%
244:1.1%
233:1.1%
225:1.2%
217:1.3%
209:1.8%
198:2.0%
190:2.0%
182:2.4%
174:2.5%
166:2.7%
156:3.5%
148:3.7%
137:8.8%
127:5.0%
101:Arabs
53:Islam
1846:Togo
1756:Mali
1646:Chad
1455:Flag
1299:LGBT
1156:2008
1151:2006
1061:Chad
976:Kimr
971:Tama
951:Sara
936:Masa
916:Maba
904:Lisi
852:Gula
842:Fula
749:ISSN
719:2020
683:ISBN
655:ISBN
650:Chad
630:PMID
612:ISSN
570:ISBN
469:Daju
366:Maba
325:and
239:Tama
90:Sara
48:Chad
26:The
889:Kim
847:Fur
620:PMC
604:doi
495:Bua
394:.
59:or
1981::
747:.
745:52
743:.
739:.
705:.
628:.
618:.
610:.
600:99
598:.
594:.
554:^
502::
491::
480:,
476::
467::
458:,
454:,
450:,
446::
435::
425::
368:.
360:,
356:,
352:,
348:,
344:,
340:,
336:,
294:.
38:.
1579:e
1572:t
1565:v
1053:e
1046:t
1039:v
786:e
779:t
772:v
755:.
721:.
691:.
663:.
636:.
606::
578:.
506:.
401:)
397:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
