181:
2001:
364:
353:
270:
259:
226:
431:
420:
409:
334:
323:
312:
293:
134:
375:
237:
194:
170:
158:
1944:
7628:
397:
386:
281:
248:
215:
146:
1831:
1904:
1694:
41:
1816:, using bombs, rockets and guns, turning the escape routes into killing grounds. Despite claims of large numbers of tanks and other vehicles destroyed from the air, a post-battle investigation showed that only eleven armoured vehicles could be proved to have had been destroyed by aircraft, although about one third of wrecked trucks were lost to air attack and many others had been destroyed or abandoned by their crews, probably due to the air threat.
2085:, was according to Hastings one of the least effective of any Allied army in Normandy. He speculated that the real reason Bradley halted Patton was not fear of accidental clashes with the British, but knowledge that, with powerful German formations still operational, the Americans lacked the means to defend an early blocking position and would have suffered an "embarrassing and gratuitous setback" at the hands of the retreating
1562:
2066:
1930:, and the 2nd and 3rd Canadian Infantry divisions had secured St. Lambert and the northern passage to Chambois; the Falaise pocket had been sealed. Approximately 20â50,000 German troops, minus heavy equipment, escaped through the gap and were reorganized and rearmed, in time to slow the Allied advance into Eastern France, the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany.
2102:
stretched that line to include
Falaise, he would have extended his roadblock a distance of 40 miles (64 km). The enemy could not only have broken through, but he might have trampled Patton's position in the onrush. I much preferred a solid shoulder at Argentan to the possibility of a broken neck at Falaise.
2016:
Fear of infection from the rancid conditions led the Allies to declare the area an "unhealthy zone". Clearing the area was a low priority though, and went on until well into
November. Many swollen bodies had to be shot to expunge gases within them before they could be burnt, and bulldozers were used
1956:
of generals, and refusal to withdraw when his armies were threatened with annihilation. More than forty German divisions were destroyed during the Battle of
Normandy. No exact figures are available, but historians estimate the battle cost the Germans 450,000 men, including 240,000 who were killed or
1344:
ordered the Allied armies to converge on the
FalaiseâChambois area to envelop Army Group B, with the First US Army forming the southern arm, the British the base, and the Canadians the northern arm of the encirclement. The Germans began to withdraw on 17 August, and on 19 August the Allies linked up
1918:
reached Mont Ormel, and by late afternoon the remainder of the 2nd and 9th SS Panzer
Divisions had begun their retreat to the Seine. For the Falaise pocket operation, the 1st Polish Armoured Division listed 1,441 casualties including 466 killed, while Polish casualties at Mont Ormel were 351 killed
1711:
advanced 35 mi (56 km) and reached positions overlooking
Argentan. On 13 August, Bradley over-ruled orders by Patton for a further push northwards towards Falaise by the 5th Armored Division. Bradley instead ordered the XV Corps to "concentrate for operations in another direction". The US
1899:
and several battle groups from the 2nd SS Panzer
Division inflicted many casualties on the 8th and 9th battalions of the Polish Division, but the assault was eventually repulsed at the cost of nearly all of their ammunition, and the Poles watched as the remnants of the XLVII Panzer Corps escaped.
1780:
At midday on 16 August, Kluge had refused an order from Hitler for another counter-attack, and in the afternoon Hitler agreed to a withdrawal but became suspicious that Kluge intended to surrender to the Allies. Late on 17 August, Hitler sacked Kluge and recalled him to
Germany; Kluge then killed
1840:
On 17 August the encirclement was still incomplete. The 1st Polish
Armoured Division, part of the First Canadian Army, was divided into three battlegroups and ordered to make a wide sweep to the south-east to meet American troops at Chambois. Trun fell to the 4th Canadian Armoured Division on 18
2029:
The international army boundary arbitrarily divided the
British and American battlefields just beyond Argentan, on the Falaise side of it. Patton's troops, who thought they had the mission of closing the gap, took Argentan in their stride and crossed the international boundary without stopping.
1980:
The pocket area was full of the remains of battle. Villages had been destroyed, and derelict equipment made some roads impassable. Corpses of soldiers and civilians littered the area, along with thousands of dead cattle and horses. In the hot August weather, maggots crawled over the bodies, and
1541:
signals intercepts, and although the offensive continued until 13 August, the threat of Operation LĂźttich had been ended within 24 hours. Operation LĂźttich had led to the most powerful remaining German units being defeated at the west side of the Cotentin Peninsula by the US First Army, and the
2247:
armoured vehicles destroyed. By 22 August 1944, the 12th SS-Panzer Division "Hitlerjugend" had lost around 8,000 soldiers, out of its initial strength of 20,540, along with most of its tanks and vehicles, which had been redistributed among several Kampfgruppe in the previous weeks. Elements of
2101:
Although Patton might have spun a line across the narrow neck, I doubted his ability to hold it. Nineteen German divisions were now stampeding to escape the trap. Meanwhile, with four divisions George was already blocking three principal escape routes through Alencon, Sees and Argentan. Had he
1878:
1754:
Navigating through the smoke slowed progress, and the mistaken use by the First Canadian Army of yellow smoke to identify their positionsâthe same colour strategic bombers used to mark targetsâled to some bombing of the Canadians and slower progress than planned. On 15 August, the 2nd and
2030:
Montgomery, who was still nominally in charge of all ground forces, now chose to exercise his authority and ordered Patton back to his side of the international boundary line. For ten days, however, the beaten but still coherently organized German Army retreated through the Falaise gap.
2020:
Disappointed that a significant portion of the German army had escaped from the pocket, many Allied commanders, particularly among the Americans, were critical of what they perceived as Montgomery's lack of urgency in closing the pocket. Writing shortly after the war,
1913:
German attacks resumed the next morning, but the Poles retained their foothold on the ridge. At about 11:00, a final attempt on the positions of the 9th Battalion was launched by nearby SS troops, which was defeated at close quarters. Soon after midday, the
1353:, a commanding position at the pocket mouth. By the evening of 21 August, the pocket had been sealed, with an estimated 50,000 Germans trapped inside. Approximately 20â50,000 German troops managed to escape the pocket before it was closed. The Allied
1298:, German forces were in turmoil, having expended irreplaceable resources defending the frontline and with Allied air superiority threatening the availability of food and ammunition. However, on the Allied side, British forces had expected to liberate
2117:
By 22 August, all German soldiers west of the Allied lines were dead or in captivity. Historians differ in their estimates of German losses in the pocket. The majority state that from 80,000 to 100,000 troops were caught in the encirclement, of whom
1849:
divisions by evening. The Allies were not yet astride the 7th Army escape route in any great strength, and their positions were attacked by German troops inside the pocket. An armoured column of the 2nd Panzer Division broke through the Canadians in
2044:
wrote that, despite having British divisions in reserve, Montgomery did not reinforce Guy Simonds, and that the Canadian drive on Trun and Chambois was not as "vigorous and venturesome" as the situation demanded. The British author and historian
1985:
The battlefield at Falaise was unquestionably one of the greatest "killing fields" of any of the war areas. Forty-eight hours after the closing of the gap I was conducted through it on foot, to encounter scenes that could be described only by
2061:
might have done more to impart momentum to the British/Canadians. Patton's post-battle claim that the Americans could have prevented the German escape, had Bradley not ordered him to stop at Argentan, was "absurd over-simplification".
1325:, which included large segments of the force that had broken through the German lines. The Third Army quickly pushed south and then east, meeting little resistance. Concurrently, the British/Canadian troops pushed south in
2080:
Wilmot wrote that "contrary to contemporary reports, the Americans did not capture Argentan until 20 August, the day after the link up at Chambois". The American unit that closed the gap between Argentan and Chambois, the
1666:
and Falaise quickly, many Germans might escape. Believing he could always fall back on the original plan if necessary, Montgomery accepted the wishes of Bradley as the man on the spot, and the proposal was adopted.
1873:
managed to break through the Polish lines and open a corridor, while the 9th SS Panzer Division prevented the Canadians from intervening. By mid-afternoon, about 10,000 German troops had passed out of the pocket.
1951:
The battle of the Falaise pocket ended the Battle of Normandy with a decisive German defeat. Hitler's involvement had been damaging from the first day, with his insistence on unrealistic counter-offensives,
1508:
in Normandy were to be used in the attack, but only four could be made ready in time. The German commanders protested that their forces were incapable of an offensive, but the warnings were ignored and
1396:
delayed the Allied build-up of supplies and reinforcements, while enabling the Germans to move troops and supplies with less interference from the Allied air forces. Cherbourg was not captured by the
1231:
1845:
on 19 August, the Polish battlegroups converged on Chambois, and with reinforcements from the 4th Canadian Armoured Division, the Poles secured the town and linked up with the US 90th and French
1703:
The Third Army advance from the south made good progress on 12 August; Alençon was captured and Kluge was forced to commit troops he had been gathering for a counter-attack. The next day, the
1919:
and wounded, with eleven tanks lost. German losses in their assaults on the ridge were estimated at 500 killed and 1,000 men taken prisoner, most from the 12th SS-Panzer Division. Scores of
1712:
troops near Argentan were ordered to withdraw, which ended the pincer movement by the XV Corps. Patton objected but complied, which left an exit for the German forces in the Falaise pocket.
2248:
several German formations had managed to escape to the east, but they left behind most of their equipment. After the battle, Allied investigators estimated that the Germans lost around
1595:
armoured personnel carriers. Operation Totalize began on the night of 7/8 August; the leading infantry rode on the Kangaroos, guided by electronic aids and illuminants, against the
8231:
1546:
This is an opportunity that comes to a commander not more than once in a century. We're about to destroy an entire hostile army and go all the way from here to the German border.
8221:
8206:
8211:
1854:, took half the village and kept a road open for six hours until nightfall. Many Germans escaped, and small parties made their way through to the Dives during the night.
1739:
that mimicked the night attack of Operation Totalize. The 4th Canadian Armoured Division and the 1st Polish Armoured Division crossed the Laison, but delays at the River
1439:
and by the end of the third day had advanced 15 mi (24 km) south of its start line at several points. Avranches was captured on 30 July and within 24 hours the
6192:
4331:
5937:
5538:
2049:
wrote that Montgomery, having witnessed what he called a poor Canadian performance during Totalize, should have brought up veteran British divisions to take the lead.
7550:
5554:
1619:
were captured on 9 August, but the speed of the advance was slowed by German resistance and some poor Canadian unit leadership, which led to many casualties in the
1415:, the Allied ground forces commander, had planned a strategy of attracting German forces to the east end of the bridgehead against the British/Canadians, while the
5881:
1643:", by which the British/Canadians would pivot left from Falaise toward the River Seine while the US Third Army blocked the escape route between the Seine and the
5477:
5449:
4593:
1501:, ordering "an immediate counter-attack between Mortain and Avranches" to "annihilate" the enemy and make contact with the west coast of the Cotentin peninsula.
7529:
6201:
5888:
5015:
6504:
5867:
5169:
4794:
2506:
5510:
5456:
4642:
5974:
5463:
5079:
2433:, Chief of Staff of Army Group B, wrote that they would have been eliminated, if the 5th Armored Division had continued its advance to Falaise, although
2420:
The engagement is also sometimes referred to as the Chambois pocket, the FalaiseâChambois pocket, the ArgentanâFalaise pocket, or the Trun-Chambois gap.
8236:
4489:
1317:
on 25 July, which saw American forces pushing into a gap around Saint-LĂ´ and overwhelming the defending German forces. On 1 August, Lieutenant General
1900:
During the night there was sporadic fighting, and the Poles called for frequent artillery bombardments to disrupt the German retreat from the sector.
73:
8226:
8216:
5860:
5300:
5176:
7750:
5153:
4533:
3642:
680:
5590:
4902:
1392:. Allied attacks to expand the bridgehead had rapidly defeated the initial German attempts to destroy the invasion force, but bad weather in the
1861:(Mont Ormel ridge), spending the night of 19 August digging in. The following morning, Model ordered elements of the 2nd SS Panzer Division and
8135:
5409:
4711:
556:
7422:
1981:
swarms of flies descended on the area. Pilots reported the smell from hundreds of feet (metres) in the air. General Eisenhower recorded that:
6208:
6171:
6148:
5662:
4584:
4554:
185:
5923:
3947:
7681:
6301:
6157:
6141:
6113:
5354:
4561:
7981:
7065:
6125:
6037:
5981:
5944:
5219:
2025:âa prominent peacetime journalist, who had served as a planner on Eisenhower's staffâexpressed the prevailing American view at the time:
798:
8178:
7986:
6030:
4755:
1891:
The Poles held on to Hill 262 (The Mace), and were able from their vantage point to direct artillery fire onto the retreating Germans.
1400:
until 27 June, and the German defence of Caen lasted until 20 July, when the southern districts were taken by the British/Canadians in
810:
8271:
7543:
6164:
4547:
4505:
1071:
7392:
5197:
4971:
4734:
4600:
4411:
4298:
1639:
Still expecting Kluge to withdraw his forces from the tightening Allied noose, Montgomery had for some time been planning a "long
1345:
in Chambois. German counter-attacks forced gaps in the Allied lines, the most significant of which was a corridor forced past the
8089:
6280:
6077:
5729:
5107:
4607:
4519:
4455:
2356:
1207:
1357:
came a few days later, and on 30 August the remnants of Army Group B retreated across the Seine, completing Operation Overlord.
8241:
7721:
6483:
5995:
4838:
4376:
2408:
2396:
2392:
2372:
2082:
701:
4339:
8266:
8251:
7086:
6991:
6511:
6257:
6132:
5211:
5185:
5042:
4748:
4665:
3936:
3838:
3712:
3666:
3548:
2388:
2380:
2364:
1592:
1302:
immediately after the invasion, an operation which ended up taking nearly two months, and US forces had expected to control
7319:
6719:
6605:
5770:
5230:
5226:
5204:
4808:
3953:. Official History of the Canadian Army in the Second World War. The Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa.
3506:
2384:
1795:âwith the remnants of four Panzer divisionsâheld the north face of the escape route against the British/Canadians, and the
1704:
7659:
4323:
7234:
6691:
6023:
6009:
5215:
1896:
1862:
604:
7443:
7312:
7190:
6761:
6476:
6427:
6185:
5740:
4985:
4824:
4672:
4526:
4311:
4141:
4040:
1866:
1608:
549:
3617:. History of the Second World War United Kingdom Military. Vol. I (Naval & Military Press ed.). London:
7559:
6434:
6406:
6223:
5805:
5517:
5484:
4199:
4164:
4118:
4092:
4062:
4021:
3998:
3910:
3887:
3861:
3815:
3780:
3738:
3689:
3626:
3574:
3529:
3480:
3450:
1990:. It was literally possible to walk for hundreds of yards at a time, stepping on nothing but dead and decaying flesh.
1870:
4700:
2088:
1977:, followed on 25 August, and Overlord ended by 30 August with the retreat of the last German unit across the Seine.
1627:. By 10 August, Anglo-Canadian forces had reached Hill 195, north of Falaise. The following day, Canadian commander
7674:
7596:
6747:
6684:
5819:
5648:
4771:
4277:
4257:
4237:
4217:
5325:
1481:
fanatics still entertained hopes of avoiding defeat". On the Eastern Front, Operation Bagration had begun against
8168:
7120:
6961:
6950:
6779:
6538:
6497:
6390:
6328:
5708:
4978:
4847:
4815:
2514:
2360:
1760:
1746:
1514:
926:
5495:
5063:
4229:
8163:
7895:
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7356:
7149:
6379:
5830:
5756:
5545:
4916:
4635:
4540:
4425:
3899:
Sons of the Reich: The History of II SS Panzer Corps in Normandy, Arnhem, the Ardennes and on the Eastern Front
3748:
2404:
2368:
2336:
2332:
2022:
1756:
1724:
1624:
1346:
685:
7566:
7499:
7450:
7381:
7206:
6705:
6656:
6420:
6413:
6016:
5777:
5561:
4614:
2352:
1915:
1857:
Having taken Chambois, two of the Polish battlegroups drove north-east and established themselves on part of
1846:
1813:
1604:
542:
401:
2429:
Bradley later received much blame for "failing" to exploit the opportunity to envelop Army Group B. General
2000:
7691:
7640:
7536:
6911:
6865:
5784:
5612:
5597:
5524:
5503:
5321:
4999:
4785:
4778:
4762:
4473:
4432:
4404:
2348:
1797:
1767:
against determined German resistance and several German counter-attacks, which prevented a breakthrough to
1720:
1188:
390:
7901:
1926:
By the evening of 21 August, tanks of the 4th Canadian Armoured Division had linked with Polish forces at
1612:
985:
8256:
8201:
7667:
7603:
6927:
6872:
6490:
6462:
6315:
5930:
5909:
5423:
5086:
4992:
4482:
3610:
3521:
1081:
2480:
1735:, a set-piece attack on Falaise. The operation commenced on 14 August at 11:42, covered by an artillery
7401:
6890:
6809:
6754:
6642:
6598:
6248:
5874:
5798:
5693:
5570:
5442:
5435:
5395:
5368:
5100:
5033:
4628:
4439:
4369:
4072:
2186:
1647:, trapping all surviving German forces in western France. In a telephone conversation on 8 August, the
1440:
846:
368:
1789:, whose first act was to order the immediate retreat of the 7th Army and Fifth Panzer Army, while the
7774:
7303:
7220:
7005:
6858:
6830:
6663:
6568:
6358:
5791:
4858:
4512:
2261:
1973:
killed or missing in connection with Operation Overlord. The final battle of Operation Overlord, the
1518:
1397:
1377:
1288:
1270:
966:
907:
625:
5056:
1865:
to attack from outside the pocket towards the Polish positions. Around midday, several units of the
1719:, and with the British pressing in from the north-west, the First Canadian Army, which included the
836:
7907:
7780:
7042:
7019:
6264:
6065:
6058:
5715:
5375:
5347:
5340:
4727:
3772:
3606:
2400:
2376:
2305:
From 8 until 21 August: 1,479 killed or died of wounds, 4,023 wounded or injured, and 177 captured.
1708:
1648:
1416:
1334:
1108:
1103:
959:
902:
873:
786:
357:
5072:
5049:
8261:
8038:
7464:
7408:
7278:
7138:
6816:
6469:
6365:
6271:
5839:
5700:
5670:
5634:
5619:
5491:
5383:
5361:
5307:
5293:
5275:
4939:
4720:
4448:
4397:
3962:
2281:
2276:
1895:, the 7th Army commander, ordered that the Polish positions be "eliminated". The remnants of the
1851:
1771:. The next day, the 2nd Canadian Infantry Division entered Falaise against minor opposition from
1652:
1598:
1098:
1093:
174:
4221:
1587:
was ordered to capture high ground north of Falaise to trap Army Group B. The Canadians planned
8115:
7156:
7049:
6844:
6795:
6698:
6591:
6561:
6344:
6232:
5958:
5749:
5333:
5314:
5284:
4831:
4801:
3498:
3442:
1280:
1113:
919:
861:
640:
618:
1801:âwith what was left of two Panzer divisionsâheld the southern face against the Third US Army.
8246:
8173:
7647:
7370:
7213:
7109:
7079:
7035:
6904:
6768:
6733:
6726:
6649:
6547:
5988:
5965:
5812:
5416:
4953:
4693:
4679:
4362:
4084:
3681:
3594:
2344:
2340:
1716:
1620:
1522:
1160:
7865:
5251:
4153:
The Canadian Military Atlas: Canada's Battlefields from the French and Indian Wars to Kosovo
1447:
into Brittany and continued south and west through open country, almost without opposition.
1240:
890:
851:
8048:
7689:
7471:
7326:
6977:
6934:
6897:
6823:
6633:
6612:
5531:
5008:
4686:
4130:
Normandy, 1944: German Military Organization, Combat Power and Organizational Effectiveness
3928:
3756:
3584:
2271:
2220:
2069:
1655:
1538:
1466:
1295:
1266:
1061:
630:
424:
7786:
1943:
1510:
1490:
1456:
1032:
297:
8:
8146:
8140:
8125:
8053:
7889:
7836:
7762:
7738:
7589:
7363:
7241:
7197:
6712:
5846:
5605:
5132:
4962:
4946:
4895:
4156:
4133:
4110:
3902:
3871:
2328:
1974:
1732:
1688:
1584:
1385:
1354:
1153:
1076:
1039:
1025:
952:
868:
597:
590:
534:
379:
113:
3990:
1763:
continued the offensive, but progress remained slow. The 4th Armoured Division captured
8157:
8018:
8002:
7883:
7877:
7830:
7768:
7732:
7726:
7709:
7582:
7415:
7340:
7294:
7264:
7172:
7012:
6670:
6554:
6448:
6399:
6337:
6093:
6044:
5853:
5470:
5125:
4923:
4302:
3830:
3790:
3636:
3465:
1791:
1777:
units and scattered pockets of German infantry, and by 17 August had secured the town.
1588:
1556:
1534:
1498:
1470:
1420:
1412:
1405:
1401:
1371:
1341:
1326:
1310:
1246:
1174:
1051:
1018:
1011:
978:
971:
914:
856:
841:
803:
647:
566:
219:
32:
2252:
and assault guns in the pocket, and that little equipment was taken across the Seine.
8151:
8110:
7842:
7818:
7800:
7794:
7715:
7573:
7457:
7347:
7287:
7248:
7181:
7163:
7129:
7072:
7026:
6970:
6788:
6526:
6518:
6455:
6308:
5902:
5427:
4888:
4867:
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4195:
4160:
4137:
4114:
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4058:
4036:
4017:
4013:
3994:
3954:
3932:
3906:
3883:
3857:
3853:
3834:
3827:
The Black Devils' March â A Doomed Odyssey â The 1st Polish Armoured Division 1939â45
3811:
3776:
3734:
3708:
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3662:
3622:
3589:
3570:
3544:
3525:
3502:
3476:
3446:
1842:
1731:
valley on 12â13 August, most of the time since Totalize had been spent preparing for
1482:
1322:
1258:
1254:
1181:
1139:
1132:
1125:
945:
931:
735:
692:
611:
338:
8079:
8033:
8028:
8023:
7991:
7859:
7812:
7492:
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7429:
7093:
6851:
6837:
6740:
6677:
6628:
6441:
6294:
6241:
6051:
6002:
5916:
5139:
5116:
4649:
4077:
3764:
2315:
2054:
1953:
1474:
1318:
1167:
1146:
1066:
1004:
815:
764:
285:
274:
4658:
7996:
7871:
7824:
7806:
7756:
7744:
7515:
7227:
7142:
7100:
6998:
6941:
6802:
6584:
6575:
6104:
5679:
5655:
4909:
4050:
3704:
3558:
2434:
2050:
1987:
1809:
1679:(after the corridor which the Germans sought to maintain to allow their escape).
1505:
1432:
1393:
1381:
1330:
1314:
1306:
by the 7 June, yet German resistance delayed this until after Caen's liberation.
1235:
997:
938:
895:
885:
820:
723:
718:
673:
659:
435:
413:
263:
7627:
2227:
abandoned or destroyed. In the fighting around Hill 262, German losses totalled
1947:
German prisoners taken during the battle are given tea by their British captors.
1923:, Panther and Panzer IV tanks were destroyed, along with many artillery pieces.
8084:
7522:
7058:
6984:
5022:
4881:
4102:
3920:
3807:
3472:
3460:
2131:
2041:
2009:
2005:
1805:
1728:
1631:
relieved the armoured divisions with infantry divisions, ending the offensive.
1056:
728:
713:
708:
654:
635:
396:
385:
280:
247:
214:
151:
8195:
8105:
8043:
7944:
7333:
5244:
5093:
4932:
4191:
3958:
3879:
3730:
3658:
3650:
3566:
2266:
1740:
1662:. Montgomery and Patton had misgivings; if the Allies did not take Argentan,
1575:
1567:
1478:
1283:. The battle resulted in the destruction of most of Army Group B west of the
754:
585:
363:
352:
269:
258:
252:
225:
139:
88:
75:
7695:
7632:
7436:
5722:
5627:
5258:
4621:
4385:
4315:
3722:
3602:
3490:
2430:
2135:
2058:
2046:
1892:
1786:
1782:
1736:
1530:
1494:
1486:
1428:
1262:
1250:
430:
419:
408:
333:
327:
322:
316:
311:
292:
241:
230:
199:
3701:
Colossal Cracks: Montgomery's 21st Army Group in Northwest Europe, 1944â45
3563:
Decision in Normandy: The Real Story of Montgomery and the Allied Campaign
2040:
Some historians have thought that the gap could have been closed earlier;
1835:
German counter-attacks against Canadian-Polish positions on 20 August 1944
8120:
7964:
7938:
7271:
7257:
6919:
5581:
5402:
5387:
4741:
4183:
1804:
Throughout the retreat, German columns were constantly harried by Allied
1640:
1628:
1513:
commenced on 7 August around Mortain. The first attacks were made by the
1444:
771:
744:
1903:
1436:
1303:
8130:
7958:
7952:
7932:
6619:
6372:
6351:
5237:
4570:
4498:
3605:; Allen, Captain G.R.G., R.N.; Warhurst, Lieutenant-Colonel A.E. &
1830:
1768:
781:
776:
749:
1715:
With the Americans on the southern flank halted and then engaged with
1693:
1663:
6882:
6287:
6084:
5895:
5686:
5641:
3948:"The Victory Campaign: The operations in North-West Europe 1944â1945"
1927:
1773:
1616:
1571:
1526:
1424:
40:
5162:
1309:
The Allied armies developed a multi-stage operation, beginning with
8074:
5146:
4874:
2073:
1883:
1858:
1825:
1764:
1659:
1591:, with attacks by strategic bombers and a novel night attack using
1350:
1046:
66:
1877:
4332:"Chapter 4. Polish military operations in West-Europe since 1944"
2216:, self-propelled guns and other light armoured vehicles, as well
1920:
1485:
which left no possibility of reinforcement of the Western Front.
1462:
301:
2318:
built off the landing beaches were damaged in a storm on 19 June
1658:, recommended an American proposal for a shorter envelopment at
1603:, which held a 14 km (8.7 mi) front, supported by the
1561:
5763:
4354:
1781:
himself with potassium cyanide, fearing his involvement in the
1723:, was ordered to close the trap. After a limited attack by the
374:
236:
180:
169:
163:
3804:
The Killing Ground, The Battle of the Falaise Gap, August 1944
1477:, the German army in Normandy was so reduced that "only a few
1329:, attempting to keep the German armour engaged. Four depleted
5951:
4281:
4261:
4241:
3518:
Cinderella Army: The Canadians in Northwest Europe, 1944â1945
1644:
1427:. On 25 July the US First Army commander, Lieutenant-General
1376:
Early Allied objectives in the wake of the D-Day invasion of
1321:
was named the commanding officer of the newly recommissioned
1284:
4216:
2065:
16:
Engagement of the Battle of Normandy in the Second World War
3618:
1435:. The US First Army broke through the German defences near
1389:
1299:
3870:
1698:
The formation of the Falaise pocket, from 8â17 August 1944
1337:, driving the Germans deeper into the Allied envelopment.
564:
45:
Map showing the course of the battle from 8â17 August 1944
4033:
D-Day Through German Eyes: How the Wehrmacht Lost France
3945:
1245:; 12â21 August 1944) was the decisive engagement of the
8232:
Battles and operations of World War II involving Poland
4299:"Captain Kazimierz DUDA â 1st Polish Armoured Division"
3680:. United States Military Academy West Point, New York:
2327:
Divisions around the Falaise Pocket on 16 August 1944:
2004:
Wrecked vehicles and bodies of retreating Germans near
1542:
Normandy front on the verge of collapse. Bradley said,
5016:
Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
3601:
8222:
Military operations of World War II involving Germany
3987:
The moment of decision: The invasion of Normandy 1944
3439:
Ultra in the West: The Normandy Campaign of 1944â1945
1908:
Germans surrendering in St. Lambert on 19 August 1944
8207:
Battles of World War II involving the United Kingdom
4278:"Canada at War: The Battle at St. Lambert-Sur-dives"
3980:
1340:
On 8 August, Allied ground forces commander General
8212:
Battles of World War II involving the United States
4076:
3946:Stacey, Colonel C. P.; Bond, Major C.C.J. (1960).
3678:The Second World War: Europe and the Mediterranean
3464:
3127:
3125:
3983:AvgĂśrandes Ăśgonblick: Invasionen i Normandie 1944
3981:Tamelander, Michael; Zetterling, Niklas (2003) .
3139:
3137:
2212:. In the northern sector, German losses included
8193:
4055:D-Day; The Greatest Invasion, A People's History
4035:. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Amberley Publishing.
3874:; Fitzpatrick, Mariana; Stroop, JĂźrgen (1981).
3122:
2976:
2974:
2813:
2811:
2698:
4101:
3408:
3399:
3311:
3309:
3252:
3250:
3197:
3195:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3153:
3151:
3149:
3134:
3079:
3077:
3010:
3008:
3006:
3004:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2932:
2930:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2760:
2758:
2739:
2737:
2664:
2662:
2643:
2641:
7675:
4370:
4238:"Canada at War: Canadians in the Falaise Gap"
3113:
3104:
3065:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2097:divisions. Bradley wrote after the war that:
550:
500:of which 2,300 for the 1st Armoured Division.
7690:Primary articles on the Battle of Normandy,
3789:
3641:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3287:
3285:
3283:
3160:
3058:
3056:
2971:
2962:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2877:
2875:
2873:
2808:
2142:were in the pocket. D'Este gave a figure of
2086:
1744:
1675:It is also referred to as the battle of the
1596:
1469:, had been captured. After Operation Cobra,
1274:
7982:American logistics in the Normandy campaign
4049:
3801:
3727:Overlord: D-Day and the Battle for Normandy
3615:Victory in the West: The Battle of Normandy
3390:
3336:
3306:
3247:
3240:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3192:
3178:
3169:
3146:
3074:
3044:
3001:
2948:
2927:
2829:
2794:
2755:
2734:
2659:
2638:
2008:in the Falaise gap, after an attack by RAF
1443:of the US Third Army crossed the bridge at
8179:Weather forecasting for Operation Overlord
7987:British logistics in the Normandy campaign
7682:
7668:
4377:
4363:
4222:"Account of the Polish battle on hill 262"
4127:
4007:
3763:
3583:
3557:
3265:
2530:
2481:"World War II: Closing the Falaise Pocket"
2450:
2437:wrote that the order came from Montgomery.
2196:troops escaped. Tamelander estimated that
1461:The US advance was swift and by 8 August,
557:
543:
4296:
3847:
3824:
3747:
3541:Fields of Fire: The Canadians in Normandy
3318:
3300:
3280:
3095:
3086:
3053:
2992:
2918:
2893:
2884:
2870:
2671:
190:
8227:Battles of World War II involving France
8217:Battles of World War II involving Canada
4071:
3896:
3797:(15 ed.). New York: Harcourt Brace.
3721:
3543:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
3459:
3231:
2064:
1999:
1942:
1902:
1882:Polish infantry moving towards cover on
1876:
1829:
1692:
1560:
1465:, the former headquarters of the German
1287:, which opened the way to Paris and the
4258:"Canada at War: The Battle of Hill 195"
4150:
3919:
3769:Tank Tactics: from Normandy to Lorraine
3489:
3436:
2983:
1785:. Kluge was succeeded by Field Marshal
1294:Six weeks after the 6 June 1944 Allied
8194:
7722:American airborne landings in Normandy
6231:
6209:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union
4182:
3675:
3649:
2852:
2373:59th (Staffordshire) Infantry Division
2072:reviewing damage (including a wrecked
1682:
8237:Western European Campaign (1944â1945)
7663:
7087:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign
6512:Japanese invasion of French Indochina
6158:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union
6114:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union
5212:Rape during the occupation of Germany
4358:
4030:
4008:Trew, Simon; Badsey, Stephen (2004).
2507:"The Canadians in the Falaise Pocket"
2365:50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division
1961:among their ground forces, including
1743:gave time for the Tiger tanks of the
1550:
1388:and the area surrounding the town of
1365:
538:
6202:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union
5227:Rape during the liberation of France
3850:The Illustrated Book of World War II
3802:Lucas, James; Barker, James (1978).
3698:
3538:
3515:
1599:12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend
1450:
4057:. Aurora, Illinois: Madison Press.
2017:to clear the area of dead animals.
1574:'jeep' passing an abandoned German
1419:advanced down the west side of the
13:
7775:Greenline, Pomegranate and Express
6428:German invasion of the Netherlands
4701:Weather events during World War II
4309:
4175:
2190:
2159:
1489:sent a directive to Field Marshal
521:
513:
504:
493:
14:
8283:
7066:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan
4210:
3876:Conversations with an Executioner
3607:Robb, Air Chief-Marshal Sir James
681:Caen canal and Orne river bridges
8272:History of Calvados (department)
7751:Capture of Caen and Orne bridges
7626:
4384:
4218:British Broadcasting Corporation
4012:. Battle Zone Normandy. Stroud:
2208:prisoner, while perhaps another
1621:4th Canadian (Armoured) Division
1537:. The Allies were forewarned by
1333:were insufficient to defeat the
1313:on 18 July, and continuing with
497: 5,150 casualties in total
429:
418:
407:
395:
384:
373:
362:
351:
332:
321:
310:
291:
279:
268:
257:
246:
235:
224:
213:
192:
179:
168:
156:
144:
132:
39:
8169:People of Western Europe speech
8090:Military cemeteries in Normandy
4312:"Closing of the Falaise Pocket"
4230:"canadiansoldiers.com: Falaise"
3989:] (in Swedish). Stockholm:
3703:. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania:
3539:——— (2007) .
3417:
3381:
3372:
3363:
3354:
3345:
3327:
3294:
3271:
3259:
3222:
3213:
3210:Tamelander, Zetterling, p. 341.
3204:
3035:
3026:
3017:
2939:
2909:
2861:
2843:
2820:
2785:
2776:
2767:
2746:
2725:
2716:
2707:
2689:
2680:
2650:
2629:
2620:
2611:
2602:
2593:
2584:
2575:
2566:
2557:
2548:
2423:
2414:
2361:43rd (Wessex) Infantry Division
2321:
2138:estimated that the remnants of
2076:tank) in the pocket at Chambois
1819:
1761:2nd Canadian (Armoured) Brigade
1757:3rd Canadian Infantry Divisions
1747:schwere SS-Panzer Abteilung 102
1605:101st SS Heavy Panzer Battalion
1493:, the replacement commander of
619:Taxable, Glimmer & Big Drum
8164:June 6, 1944, order of the day
7313:Vietnamese famine of 1944â1945
5009:Territorial changes of Germany
4917:Indonesian National Revolution
4132:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania:
3729:(reprint ed.). New York:
3378:Tamelander, Zetterling, p. 342
2539:
2521:
2499:
2473:
2464:
2369:53rd (Welsh) Infantry Division
2345:4th Canadian Armoured Division
2341:3rd Canadian Infantry Division
2337:2nd Canadian Infantry Division
2308:
2299:
1869:, 12th SS Panzer Division and
1725:2nd Canadian Infantry Division
1634:
1:
8242:Encirclements in World War II
6706:Japanese invasion of Thailand
6657:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
6421:German invasion of Luxembourg
4795:Mediterranean and Middle East
4297:Richard, Duda; Steven, Duda.
3655:Patton: as Military Commander
3429:
2112:
1969:. The Allied air forces lost
1814:RAF Second Tactical Air Force
1578:anti-tank gun during Totalize
1360:
8267:Military history of Normandy
8252:Tank battles of World War II
7923:
7919:
6613:Invasion of the Soviet Union
6302:Occupation of Czechoslovakia
5613:Independent State of Croatia
4324:"Film footage of the battle"
3497:. Modern Library. New York:
3023:Moczarski, 1981, pp. 226â234
2444:
2405:French 2nd Armoured Division
2333:1st Polish Armoured Division
2292:
2200:troops were caught, of whom
1933:
1721:Polish 1st Armoured Division
1625:1st Polish Armoured Division
1347:1st Polish Armoured Division
1227:battle of the Falaise pocket
26:Battle of the Falaise pocket
7:
7999:(Pipe-Line Under The Ocean)
7604:End of World War II in Asia
7444:Western invasion of Germany
6951:Chinese famine of 1942â1943
6928:Second Battle of El Alamein
6491:Hundred Regiments Offensive
6463:Battle of the Mediterranean
6316:Italian invasion of Albania
4483:Air warfare of World War II
4128:Zetterling, Niklas (2019).
3848:Messenger, Charles (1999).
3522:University of Toronto Press
3467:Maple Leaf Against the Axis
2255:
1938:
10:
8288:
7530:Naval bombardment of Japan
6891:First Battle of El Alamein
6810:Battle of Christmas Island
6755:Japanese invasion of Burma
6519:Italian invasion of Greece
6435:German invasion of Belgium
6407:German invasion of Denmark
6380:1939â1940 Winter Offensive
6249:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
4506:Comparative military ranks
4105:; McDevitt, C.D. (1997) .
3897:Reynolds, Michael (2002).
3277:Lucas & Barker, p. 159
3244:Lucas & Barker, p. 158
2057:wrote that Montgomery and
1823:
1686:
1554:
1454:
1369:
8136:Allied forces in Normandy
8098:
8062:
8011:
7974:
7917:
7852:
7702:
7619:
7451:BratislavaâBrno offensive
7391:
7382:Dutch famine of 1944â1945
7119:
7006:Allied invasion of Sicily
6960:
6859:Aleutian Islands campaign
6831:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign
6778:
6769:Greek famine of 1941â1944
6664:Second Battle of Changsha
6569:German invasion of Greece
6537:
6414:Battle of ZaoyangâYichang
6389:
6327:
6222:
6103:
5829:
5739:
5580:
5283:
5274:
5032:
4857:
4749:North and Central Pacific
4710:
4472:
4465:
4392:
4336:Polish forces in the West
3852:. San Diego, California:
2713:Bennett 1979, pp. 112â119
2397:US 30th Infantry Division
2393:US 28th Infantry Division
2262:Battle of the Mons Pocket
1916:Canadian Grenadier Guards
1670:
1519:SS Division Leibstandarte
1279:), were encircled by the
1253:. Allied forces formed a
626:Combined Bomber Offensive
578:
454:
441:
344:
206:
125:
49:
38:
30:
25:
7043:Allied invasion of Italy
7020:Solomon Islands campaign
6762:Third Battle of Changsha
6359:First Battle of Changsha
6265:Second Sino-Japanese War
5198:German military brothels
5064:United States war crimes
4031:Trigg, Jonathan (2020).
3825:McGilvray, Evan (2004).
2401:Third United States Army
2389:US 9th Infantry Division
2381:US 1st Infantry Division
2377:First United States Army
2287:
1957:wounded. The Allies had
1841:August. Having captured
1649:Supreme Allied Commander
7465:Second Guangxi campaign
7320:Philippines (1944â1945)
6817:Battle of the Coral Sea
6720:Fall of the Philippines
6366:Battle of South Guangxi
6272:Battles of Khalkhin Gol
5671:Italian Social Republic
4155:. North York, Ontario:
4107:The Struggle for Europe
2385:US 3rd Armored Division
2282:Siegfried Line campaign
2277:Operation Market Garden
1897:352nd Infantry Division
1867:10th SS Panzer Division
1705:US 5th Armored Division
1525:, but they had only 75
8116:D-Day naval deceptions
7050:Armistice of Cassibile
6845:Battle of Dutch Harbor
6796:Battle of the Java Sea
6699:Attack on Pearl Harbor
6599:SyriaâLebanon campaign
6592:Battle of South Shanxi
6562:Invasion of Yugoslavia
6345:Battle of the Atlantic
5959:Korean Liberation Army
5665:(until September 1943)
5622:(until September 1944)
5600:(until September 1944)
4151:Zuehlke, Mark (2001).
4085:Hodder & Stoughton
3041:Trigg 2020, p. 289-290
2704:Messenger, pp. 213â217
2409:90th Infantry Division
2357:11th Armoured Division
2110:
2087:
2077:
2038:
2013:
1998:
1948:
1910:
1888:
1863:9th SS Panzer Division
1837:
1745:
1700:
1609:89th Infantry Division
1597:
1580:
1548:
1378:German-occupied France
1275:
1239:
1088:Air and Sea operations
881:Anglo-Canadian Sector
760:Anglo-Canadian Sector
529:500 tanks/assault guns
525: 50,000 captured
402:2nd Tactical Air Force
207:Commanders and leaders
7214:Second Battle of Guam
7110:Bengal famine of 1943
7080:Second Battle of Kiev
7036:Battle of the Dnieper
6905:Kokoda Track campaign
6734:Battle of Wake Island
6606:East African campaign
6548:Battle of South Henan
6193:atrocities by Germans
5966:Korean Volunteer Army
4940:Occupation of Germany
4694:Music in World War II
4318:on 28 September 2007.
4188:Atlas of World War II
3771:. Boulder, Colorado:
3585:Eisenhower, Dwight D.
3360:Shulman, pp. 180, 184
2353:3rd Infantry Division
2221:soft-skinned vehicles
2194: 100,000 German
2163: 80,000 trapped
2128:20,000â50,000 escaped
2099:
2093:and the 2nd and 12th
2068:
2027:
2003:
1983:
1946:
1906:
1880:
1871:116th Panzer Division
1833:
1717:Panzer Group Eberbach
1696:
1564:
1544:
1523:SS Division Das Reich
1497:after the sacking of
1120:Supporting operations
455:Casualties and losses
436:Panzergruppe Eberbach
7886:(Canada, Poland, US)
7839:(Canada, Poland, UK)
7833:(Canada, Poland, UK)
7500:Surrender of Germany
6978:Battle of West Hubei
6935:Guadalcanal campaign
6898:Battle of Stalingrad
6824:Battle of Madagascar
5591:Albania protectorate
5378:(formerly Swaziland)
5087:Wehrmacht war crimes
4903:Expulsion of Germans
4687:Art and World War II
4585:British contribution
4534:Governments in exile
3699:Hart, S.A. (2007) .
3471:. Markham, Ontario:
3437:Bennett, R. (1979).
3369:Wilmot, pp. 422, 424
2849:Copp (2003), p. 234.
2272:Liberation of France
2126:taken prisoner, and
1656:Dwight D. Eisenhower
1607:and remnants of the
1296:invasion of Normandy
1289:Franco-German border
1265:, consisting of the
572:(Battle of Normandy)
517: 10,000 killed
89:48.89278°N 0.19194°W
8147:Operation Bodyguard
8141:Liberation of Paris
7590:Potsdam Declaration
7479:Italy (Spring 1945)
7242:Liberation of Paris
6692:Siege of Sevastopol
5703:(until August 1944)
5606:Wang Jingwei regime
5428:from September 1943
5388:from September 1944
5326:from September 1944
5186:Romanian war crimes
5177:Persecution of Jews
5163:Croatian war crimes
5133:Japanese war crimes
4947:Occupation of Japan
4896:First Indochina War
4608:Military production
4520:Declarations of war
4284:on 3 September 2014
4111:Wordsworth Editions
3968:on 21 December 2020
3676:Griess, T. (2002).
3351:D'Este, pp. 430â431
3175:Copp (2003), p. 249
3131:Van Der Vat, p. 168
2989:Copp (2006), p. 104
2968:Van Der Vat, p. 169
2581:Wilmot, pp. 390â392
2545:Griess, pp. 308â310
2527:Van der Vat, p. 110
2349:Second British Army
2329:First Canadian Army
1975:Liberation of Paris
1751:to counter-attack.
1733:Operation Tractable
1689:Operation Tractable
1683:Operation Tractable
1585:First Canadian Army
1535:self-propelled guns
1515:2nd Panzer Division
1355:Liberation of Paris
114:Liberation of Paris
85: /
8257:August 1944 events
8202:Operation Overlord
8174:Rommel's asparagus
8158:Operation Jedburgh
8003:Operation Chastity
7583:Surrender of Japan
7416:Battle of Iwo Jima
7265:Belgrade offensive
6671:Siege of Leningrad
6555:Battle of Shanggao
6484:British Somaliland
6449:Dunkirk evacuation
6400:Norwegian campaign
6338:Invasion of Poland
6165:Japanese prisoners
5126:Italian war crimes
5057:British war crimes
4972:Soviet occupations
4756:South-West Pacific
4643:Allied cooperation
4601:Military equipment
3925:Defeat in the West
3791:Liddell Hart, B.H.
3414:Zetterling, p. 311
3405:Zetterling, p. 316
3303:, pp. 190â191
3119:Jarymowycz, p. 196
3110:Jarymowycz, p. 195
3071:Jarymowycz, p. 192
3032:Trigg 2020, p. 262
2173:. Wilmot recorded
2148:10,000 were killed
2124:40,000â50,000 were
2120:10,000â15,000 were
2078:
2070:General Eisenhower
2014:
1959:209,672 casualties
1949:
1911:
1889:
1838:
1798:XLVII Panzer Corps
1792:II SS Panzer Corps
1701:
1589:Operation Totalize
1581:
1557:Operation Totalize
1551:Operation Totalize
1504:Eight of the nine
1499:Gerd von Rundstedt
1471:Operation Bluecoat
1421:Cotentin Peninsula
1413:Bernard Montgomery
1406:Operation Atlantic
1402:Operation Goodwood
1372:Operation Overlord
1366:Operation Overlord
1342:Bernard Montgomery
1327:Operation Bluecoat
1311:Operation Goodwood
1261:, in which German
1247:Battle of Normandy
915:Normandy massacres
804:Operation Chastity
568:Operation Overlord
447:Up to 17 divisions
220:Bernard Montgomery
94:48.89278; -0.19194
8187:
8186:
8152:Operation Dragoon
7827:(UK 6th Airborne)
7657:
7656:
7615:
7614:
7458:Battle of Okinawa
7357:Burma (1944â1945)
7191:Mariana and Palau
6971:Tunisian campaign
6789:Fall of Singapore
6713:Fall of Hong Kong
6456:Battle of Britain
6309:Operation Himmler
6218:
6217:
5882:Dutch East Indies
5518:Southern Rhodesia
5270:
5269:
5170:Genocide of Serbs
5073:German war crimes
5050:Soviet war crimes
5043:Allied war crimes
4889:Division of Korea
4868:Chinese Civil War
4666:Strategic bombing
4578:Manhattan Project
4310:Wiacek, Jacques.
4305:on 14 March 2007.
4014:The History Press
3938:978-0-548-43948-7
3927:. Whitefish, MN:
3840:978-1-874622-42-0
3795:The Rommel Papers
3714:978-0-8117-3383-0
3668:978-0-585-10019-7
3603:Ellis, Major L.F.
3590:Crusade in Europe
3550:978-0-8020-3780-0
3516:Copp, T. (2006).
3495:A Soldier's Story
2840:Hastings, p. 353.
2590:Hastings, p. 257.
2316:Mulberry harbours
2146:trapped, of whom
1995:Dwight Eisenhower
1511:Operation LĂźttich
1491:GĂźnther von Kluge
1483:Army Group Centre
1457:Operation LĂźttich
1451:Operation LĂźttich
1276:Panzergruppe West
1271:Fifth Panzer Army
1259:Falaise, Calvados
1216:
1215:
1072:Mantes-Gassicourt
736:Normandy landings
533:
532:
339:Heinrich Eberbach
298:GĂźnther von Kluge
121:
120:
57:12â21 August 1944
33:Normandy Campaign
8279:
8160:(France, UK, US)
8154:(France, UK, US)
8126:Hobart's Funnies
8080:Hillman Fortress
7992:Mulberry harbour
7925:
7921:
7918:Landing points (
7896:Merville Battery
7765:(Deception plan)
7684:
7677:
7670:
7661:
7660:
7650:
7643:
7636:
7633:World portal
7631:
7630:
7606:
7599:
7592:
7585:
7576:
7569:
7562:
7553:
7546:
7539:
7532:
7525:
7518:
7509:
7502:
7495:
7493:Prague offensive
7488:
7486:Battle of Berlin
7481:
7474:
7467:
7460:
7453:
7446:
7439:
7432:
7430:Vienna offensive
7425:
7418:
7411:
7409:Battle of Manila
7404:
7384:
7375:
7366:
7359:
7350:
7343:
7336:
7329:
7322:
7315:
7308:
7299:
7290:
7283:
7274:
7267:
7260:
7253:
7244:
7237:
7230:
7223:
7216:
7209:
7202:
7193:
7186:
7177:
7168:
7159:
7152:
7150:KorsunâCherkassy
7145:
7134:
7112:
7103:
7096:
7089:
7082:
7075:
7068:
7061:
7052:
7045:
7038:
7031:
7022:
7015:
7008:
7001:
6994:
6992:Bombing of Gorky
6987:
6980:
6973:
6953:
6946:
6937:
6930:
6923:
6914:
6907:
6900:
6893:
6886:
6875:
6868:
6861:
6854:
6852:Battle of Midway
6847:
6840:
6838:Battle of Gazala
6833:
6826:
6819:
6812:
6805:
6798:
6791:
6771:
6764:
6757:
6750:
6748:Battle of Borneo
6743:
6741:Malayan campaign
6736:
6729:
6722:
6715:
6708:
6701:
6694:
6687:
6685:Bombing of Gorky
6680:
6678:Battle of Moscow
6673:
6666:
6659:
6652:
6645:
6638:
6622:
6615:
6608:
6601:
6594:
6587:
6578:
6571:
6564:
6557:
6550:
6530:
6521:
6514:
6507:
6500:
6493:
6486:
6479:
6472:
6465:
6458:
6451:
6444:
6442:Battle of France
6437:
6430:
6423:
6416:
6409:
6402:
6382:
6375:
6368:
6361:
6354:
6347:
6340:
6318:
6311:
6304:
6297:
6295:Munich Agreement
6290:
6283:
6274:
6267:
6260:
6251:
6244:
6229:
6228:
6211:
6204:
6195:
6188:
6181:
6180:Soviet prisoners
6174:
6167:
6160:
6151:
6144:
6135:
6128:
6121:
6120:German prisoners
6116:
6096:
6087:
6080:
6073:
6068:
6061:
6054:
6047:
6040:
6033:
6026:
6019:
6012:
6005:
5998:
5991:
5984:
5977:
5968:
5961:
5954:
5947:
5940:
5933:
5926:
5919:
5912:
5905:
5898:
5891:
5884:
5877:
5870:
5863:
5856:
5849:
5842:
5822:
5815:
5808:
5801:
5794:
5787:
5780:
5773:
5766:
5759:
5752:
5732:
5725:
5718:
5711:
5704:
5696:
5689:
5682:
5673:
5666:
5658:
5651:
5649:French Indochina
5644:
5637:
5630:
5623:
5615:
5608:
5601:
5593:
5573:
5564:
5557:
5548:
5541:
5534:
5527:
5520:
5513:
5506:
5499:
5496:from August 1944
5487:
5480:
5473:
5466:
5459:
5452:
5445:
5438:
5431:
5419:
5412:
5405:
5398:
5391:
5379:
5371:
5364:
5357:
5350:
5343:
5336:
5329:
5317:
5310:
5303:
5296:
5281:
5280:
5261:
5254:
5247:
5240:
5233:
5222:
5207:
5200:
5193:
5188:
5179:
5172:
5165:
5156:
5149:
5142:
5140:Nanjing Massacre
5135:
5128:
5119:
5117:Nuremberg trials
5110:
5103:
5096:
5089:
5082:
5075:
5066:
5059:
5052:
5045:
5025:
5018:
5011:
5002:
4995:
4988:
4981:
4974:
4967:
4958:
4949:
4942:
4935:
4928:
4919:
4912:
4905:
4898:
4891:
4884:
4877:
4870:
4850:
4841:
4834:
4827:
4818:
4811:
4804:
4797:
4788:
4781:
4774:
4765:
4758:
4751:
4744:
4737:
4730:
4723:
4721:Asia and Pacific
4703:
4696:
4689:
4682:
4675:
4668:
4661:
4652:
4650:Mulberry harbour
4645:
4638:
4631:
4624:
4617:
4610:
4603:
4596:
4587:
4580:
4573:
4564:
4557:
4550:
4543:
4536:
4529:
4522:
4515:
4508:
4501:
4492:
4485:
4470:
4469:
4458:
4451:
4442:
4435:
4428:
4421:
4414:
4407:
4400:
4379:
4372:
4365:
4356:
4355:
4351:
4349:
4347:
4338:. Archived from
4327:
4319:
4314:. Archived from
4306:
4301:. Archived from
4293:
4291:
4289:
4280:. Archived from
4273:
4271:
4269:
4260:. Archived from
4253:
4251:
4249:
4240:. Archived from
4233:
4225:
4205:
4170:
4147:
4124:
4098:
4082:
4068:
4051:van der Vat, Dan
4046:
4027:
4004:
3991:Norstedts fĂśrlag
3977:
3975:
3973:
3967:
3961:. Archived from
3952:
3942:
3916:
3901:. Philadelphia:
3893:
3867:
3844:
3821:
3798:
3786:
3760:
3749:Ingersoll, Ralph
3744:
3718:
3695:
3672:
3646:
3640:
3632:
3598:
3580:
3554:
3535:
3512:
3508:978-037-575421-0
3486:
3470:
3456:
3424:
3423:Hastings, p. 314
3421:
3415:
3412:
3406:
3403:
3397:
3396:McGilvray, p. 55
3394:
3388:
3385:
3379:
3376:
3370:
3367:
3361:
3358:
3352:
3349:
3343:
3342:Hastings, p. 306
3340:
3334:
3331:
3325:
3322:
3316:
3315:Hastings, p. 369
3313:
3304:
3298:
3292:
3289:
3278:
3275:
3269:
3263:
3257:
3256:Hastings, p. 312
3254:
3245:
3242:
3229:
3228:Hastings, p. 311
3226:
3220:
3219:Hastings, p. 319
3217:
3211:
3208:
3202:
3201:Williams, p. 205
3199:
3190:
3189:Hastings, p. 313
3187:
3176:
3173:
3167:
3166:Bercuson, p. 233
3164:
3158:
3157:McGilvray, p. 54
3155:
3144:
3141:
3132:
3129:
3120:
3117:
3111:
3108:
3102:
3099:
3093:
3090:
3084:
3083:Hastings, p. 304
3081:
3072:
3069:
3063:
3060:
3051:
3048:
3042:
3039:
3033:
3030:
3024:
3021:
3015:
3014:Hastings, p. 303
3012:
2999:
2996:
2990:
2987:
2981:
2980:Bercuson, p. 232
2978:
2969:
2966:
2960:
2959:Hastings, p. 302
2957:
2946:
2945:Hastings, p. 354
2943:
2937:
2936:Bercuson, p. 231
2934:
2925:
2922:
2916:
2913:
2907:
2904:
2891:
2888:
2882:
2879:
2868:
2865:
2859:
2856:
2850:
2847:
2841:
2838:
2827:
2826:Hastings, p. 300
2824:
2818:
2817:Bercuson, p. 230
2815:
2806:
2805:Hastings, p. 301
2803:
2792:
2791:Hastings, p. 299
2789:
2783:
2782:Williams, p. 198
2780:
2774:
2771:
2765:
2764:Hastings, p. 296
2762:
2753:
2750:
2744:
2743:Williams, p. 197
2741:
2732:
2731:Hastings, p. 335
2729:
2723:
2722:Hastings, p. 286
2720:
2714:
2711:
2705:
2702:
2696:
2695:Hastings, p. 285
2693:
2687:
2686:Hastings, p. 283
2684:
2678:
2675:
2669:
2668:Williams, p. 196
2666:
2657:
2654:
2648:
2647:Hastings, p. 277
2645:
2636:
2635:Williams, p. 194
2633:
2627:
2626:Hastings, p. 280
2624:
2618:
2615:
2609:
2608:Williams, p. 185
2606:
2600:
2597:
2591:
2588:
2582:
2579:
2573:
2570:
2564:
2561:
2555:
2554:Hastings, p. 165
2552:
2546:
2543:
2537:
2536:Williams, p. 114
2534:
2528:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2513:. Archived from
2503:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2477:
2471:
2468:
2462:
2461:Williams, p. 204
2459:
2438:
2427:
2421:
2418:
2412:
2325:
2319:
2312:
2306:
2303:
2251:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2192:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2167:10â15,000 killed
2164:
2161:
2158:. Shulman gives
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2108:
2092:
2036:
2012:fighter bombers.
1996:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1954:micro-management
1886:, 20 August 1944
1750:
1602:
1506:Panzer divisions
1475:Operation Spring
1331:panzer divisions
1319:George S. Patton
1278:
1251:Second World War
1234:
847:La Haye-du-Puits
832:American Sector
740:American Sector
686:Merville Battery
666:Airborne assault
573:
569:
559:
552:
545:
536:
535:
526:
523:
518:
515:
509:
506:
498:
495:
486:5,679 casualties
434:
433:
423:
422:
412:
411:
400:
399:
389:
388:
378:
377:
367:
366:
356:
355:
337:
336:
326:
325:
315:
314:
306:
296:
295:
286:Arthur Coningham
284:
283:
275:George S. Patton
273:
272:
262:
261:
251:
250:
240:
239:
229:
228:
218:
217:
202:
198:
196:
195:
184:
183:
173:
172:
162:
160:
159:
150:
148:
147:
138:
136:
135:
100:
99:
97:
96:
95:
90:
86:
83:
82:
81:
78:
51:
50:
43:
23:
22:
8287:
8286:
8282:
8281:
8280:
8278:
8277:
8276:
8192:
8191:
8188:
8183:
8094:
8058:
8039:Longues-sur-Mer
8007:
7970:
7913:
7902:Verrières Ridge
7848:
7741:(UK and Canada)
7698:
7688:
7658:
7653:
7646:
7639:
7625:
7623:
7611:
7602:
7595:
7588:
7581:
7572:
7565:
7558:
7549:
7544:Atomic bombings
7542:
7535:
7528:
7521:
7514:
7505:
7498:
7491:
7484:
7477:
7470:
7463:
7456:
7449:
7442:
7435:
7428:
7421:
7414:
7407:
7400:
7387:
7380:
7369:
7362:
7355:
7346:
7339:
7332:
7325:
7318:
7311:
7302:
7293:
7286:
7277:
7270:
7263:
7256:
7247:
7240:
7235:Eastern Romania
7233:
7228:Warsaw Uprising
7226:
7221:Tannenberg Line
7219:
7212:
7207:Western Ukraine
7205:
7196:
7189:
7180:
7171:
7162:
7155:
7148:
7137:
7128:
7115:
7108:
7099:
7092:
7085:
7078:
7071:
7064:
7057:
7048:
7041:
7034:
7025:
7018:
7011:
7004:
6999:Battle of Kursk
6997:
6990:
6983:
6976:
6969:
6956:
6949:
6940:
6933:
6926:
6917:
6910:
6903:
6896:
6889:
6880:
6871:
6864:
6857:
6850:
6843:
6836:
6829:
6822:
6815:
6808:
6803:St Nazaire Raid
6801:
6794:
6787:
6774:
6767:
6760:
6753:
6746:
6739:
6732:
6725:
6718:
6711:
6704:
6697:
6690:
6683:
6676:
6669:
6662:
6655:
6648:
6641:
6627:
6618:
6611:
6604:
6597:
6590:
6585:Anglo-Iraqi War
6583:
6576:Battle of Crete
6574:
6567:
6560:
6553:
6546:
6533:
6524:
6517:
6510:
6505:Eastern Romania
6503:
6496:
6489:
6482:
6475:
6468:
6461:
6454:
6447:
6440:
6433:
6426:
6419:
6412:
6405:
6398:
6385:
6378:
6371:
6364:
6357:
6350:
6343:
6336:
6323:
6314:
6307:
6300:
6293:
6286:
6279:
6270:
6263:
6256:
6247:
6240:
6214:
6207:
6200:
6191:
6184:
6179:
6170:
6163:
6156:
6147:
6140:
6131:
6124:
6119:
6112:
6099:
6092:
6083:
6076:
6071:
6066:Western Ukraine
6064:
6057:
6050:
6043:
6036:
6029:
6022:
6015:
6010:Northeast China
6008:
6001:
5994:
5987:
5980:
5973:
5964:
5957:
5950:
5943:
5936:
5929:
5922:
5915:
5908:
5901:
5894:
5887:
5880:
5873:
5866:
5859:
5852:
5845:
5838:
5825:
5818:
5811:
5804:
5797:
5790:
5783:
5776:
5769:
5762:
5755:
5748:
5735:
5728:
5721:
5714:
5709:Slovak Republic
5707:
5699:
5692:
5685:
5680:Empire of Japan
5678:
5669:
5661:
5654:
5647:
5640:
5633:
5626:
5618:
5611:
5604:
5596:
5589:
5576:
5569:
5560:
5553:
5544:
5537:
5530:
5523:
5516:
5509:
5502:
5490:
5483:
5476:
5469:
5462:
5455:
5448:
5441:
5434:
5422:
5415:
5408:
5401:
5394:
5382:
5374:
5367:
5360:
5353:
5346:
5339:
5332:
5320:
5313:
5306:
5299:
5292:
5266:
5257:
5250:
5243:
5236:
5225:
5210:
5203:
5196:
5192:Sexual violence
5191:
5184:
5175:
5168:
5161:
5152:
5145:
5138:
5131:
5124:
5115:
5106:
5099:
5092:
5085:
5078:
5071:
5062:
5055:
5048:
5041:
5028:
5021:
5014:
5007:
4998:
4991:
4984:
4977:
4970:
4961:
4952:
4945:
4938:
4931:
4922:
4915:
4910:Greek Civil War
4908:
4901:
4894:
4887:
4880:
4873:
4866:
4853:
4846:
4837:
4830:
4823:
4814:
4807:
4800:
4793:
4784:
4777:
4770:
4761:
4754:
4747:
4740:
4735:South-East Asia
4733:
4726:
4719:
4706:
4699:
4692:
4685:
4678:
4671:
4664:
4657:
4648:
4641:
4634:
4627:
4620:
4613:
4606:
4599:
4594:Military awards
4592:
4583:
4576:
4569:
4560:
4553:
4546:
4539:
4532:
4525:
4518:
4511:
4504:
4497:
4488:
4481:
4461:
4454:
4447:
4438:
4431:
4424:
4419:
4410:
4403:
4396:
4388:
4383:
4345:
4343:
4330:
4322:
4287:
4285:
4276:
4267:
4265:
4264:on 5 March 2016
4256:
4247:
4245:
4244:on 12 June 2013
4236:
4228:
4213:
4208:
4202:
4178:
4176:Further reading
4173:
4167:
4144:
4121:
4103:Wilmot, Chester
4095:
4079:D-Day to Berlin
4065:
4043:
4024:
4010:Battle for Caen
4001:
3971:
3969:
3965:
3950:
3939:
3913:
3890:
3864:
3841:
3818:
3783:
3741:
3715:
3705:Stackpole Books
3692:
3669:
3634:
3633:
3629:
3577:
3551:
3532:
3509:
3483:
3453:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3418:
3413:
3409:
3404:
3400:
3395:
3391:
3387:Reynolds, p. 88
3386:
3382:
3377:
3373:
3368:
3364:
3359:
3355:
3350:
3346:
3341:
3337:
3333:Bradley, p. 377
3332:
3328:
3323:
3319:
3314:
3307:
3299:
3295:
3290:
3281:
3276:
3272:
3266:Eisenhower 1948
3264:
3260:
3255:
3248:
3243:
3232:
3227:
3223:
3218:
3214:
3209:
3205:
3200:
3193:
3188:
3179:
3174:
3170:
3165:
3161:
3156:
3147:
3142:
3135:
3130:
3123:
3118:
3114:
3109:
3105:
3100:
3096:
3091:
3087:
3082:
3075:
3070:
3066:
3061:
3054:
3050:Zuehlke, p. 169
3049:
3045:
3040:
3036:
3031:
3027:
3022:
3018:
3013:
3002:
2997:
2993:
2988:
2984:
2979:
2972:
2967:
2963:
2958:
2949:
2944:
2940:
2935:
2928:
2923:
2919:
2914:
2910:
2905:
2894:
2889:
2885:
2880:
2871:
2866:
2862:
2857:
2853:
2848:
2844:
2839:
2830:
2825:
2821:
2816:
2809:
2804:
2795:
2790:
2786:
2781:
2777:
2773:Zuehlke, p. 168
2772:
2768:
2763:
2756:
2751:
2747:
2742:
2735:
2730:
2726:
2721:
2717:
2712:
2708:
2703:
2699:
2694:
2690:
2685:
2681:
2676:
2672:
2667:
2660:
2655:
2651:
2646:
2639:
2634:
2630:
2625:
2621:
2616:
2612:
2607:
2603:
2599:Wilmot, p. 393.
2598:
2594:
2589:
2585:
2580:
2576:
2571:
2567:
2562:
2558:
2553:
2549:
2544:
2540:
2535:
2531:
2526:
2522:
2517:on 2 July 2010.
2505:
2504:
2500:
2490:
2488:
2479:
2478:
2474:
2469:
2465:
2460:
2451:
2447:
2442:
2441:
2428:
2424:
2419:
2415:
2326:
2322:
2313:
2309:
2304:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2258:
2249:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2183:50,000 captured
2182:
2178:
2175:100,000 trapped
2174:
2171:45,000 captured
2170:
2166:
2162:
2155:
2152:50,000 captured
2151:
2147:
2143:
2140:14â15 divisions
2139:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2109:
2106:
2089:Fallschirmjäger
2037:
2035:Ralph Ingersoll
2034:
2023:Ralph Ingersoll
1997:
1994:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1941:
1936:
1909:
1887:
1836:
1828:
1822:
1810:Ninth Air Force
1806:fighter bombers
1699:
1691:
1685:
1673:
1637:
1613:Verrières Ridge
1579:
1559:
1553:
1459:
1453:
1433:Operation Cobra
1394:English Channel
1382:deep water port
1374:
1368:
1363:
1315:Operation Cobra
1230:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1199:
986:Verrières Ridge
908:Le Mesnil-Patry
831:
829:Ground campaign
739:
702:American Sector
669:British Sector
668:
574:
571:
567:
565:
563:
524:
516:
507:
499:
496:
492:
487:
485:
480:
478:
473:
471:
466:
464:
450:14â15 divisions
428:
427:
417:
416:
414:5th Panzer Army
406:
394:
393:
383:
382:
372:
371:
361:
360:
350:
331:
330:
320:
319:
309:
308:
302:
290:
278:
277:
267:
266:
264:Courtney Hodges
256:
255:
245:
244:
234:
233:
223:
222:
212:
193:
191:
178:
177:
167:
166:
157:
155:
154:
145:
143:
142:
133:
131:
109:Allied victory
93:
91:
87:
84:
79:
76:
74:
72:
71:
70:
44:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8285:
8275:
8274:
8269:
8264:
8262:1944 in France
8259:
8254:
8249:
8244:
8239:
8234:
8229:
8224:
8219:
8214:
8209:
8204:
8185:
8184:
8182:
8181:
8176:
8171:
8166:
8161:
8155:
8149:
8144:
8138:
8133:
8128:
8123:
8118:
8113:
8108:
8102:
8100:
8096:
8095:
8093:
8092:
8087:
8085:Pegasus Bridge
8082:
8077:
8072:
8070:Falaise pocket
8066:
8064:
8060:
8059:
8057:
8056:
8051:
8046:
8041:
8036:
8031:
8026:
8021:
8015:
8013:
8009:
8008:
8006:
8005:
8000:
7994:
7989:
7984:
7978:
7976:
7972:
7971:
7969:
7968:
7962:
7956:
7950:
7949:
7948:
7936:
7929:
7927:
7915:
7914:
7912:
7911:
7908:Villers-Bocage
7905:
7899:
7893:
7887:
7881:
7875:
7869:
7863:
7856:
7854:
7850:
7849:
7847:
7846:
7840:
7834:
7828:
7822:
7816:
7810:
7804:
7798:
7792:
7784:
7778:
7772:
7766:
7760:
7754:
7748:
7742:
7736:
7730:
7724:
7719:
7718:(assault plan)
7713:
7712:(overall plan)
7706:
7704:
7700:
7699:
7687:
7686:
7679:
7672:
7664:
7655:
7654:
7652:
7651:
7644:
7637:
7620:
7617:
7616:
7613:
7612:
7610:
7609:
7608:
7607:
7600:
7593:
7579:
7578:
7577:
7563:
7560:South Sakhalin
7556:
7555:
7554:
7540:
7533:
7526:
7519:
7512:
7511:
7510:
7496:
7489:
7482:
7475:
7468:
7461:
7454:
7447:
7440:
7433:
7426:
7419:
7412:
7405:
7397:
7395:
7389:
7388:
7386:
7385:
7378:
7377:
7376:
7360:
7353:
7352:
7351:
7337:
7330:
7323:
7316:
7309:
7300:
7291:
7284:
7275:
7268:
7261:
7254:
7245:
7238:
7231:
7224:
7217:
7210:
7203:
7194:
7187:
7178:
7169:
7160:
7153:
7146:
7135:
7125:
7123:
7117:
7116:
7114:
7113:
7106:
7105:
7104:
7097:
7083:
7076:
7069:
7062:
7055:
7054:
7053:
7039:
7032:
7023:
7016:
7009:
7002:
6995:
6988:
6985:Battle of Attu
6981:
6974:
6966:
6964:
6958:
6957:
6955:
6954:
6947:
6938:
6931:
6924:
6915:
6908:
6901:
6894:
6887:
6878:
6877:
6876:
6869:
6855:
6848:
6841:
6834:
6827:
6820:
6813:
6806:
6799:
6792:
6784:
6782:
6776:
6775:
6773:
6772:
6765:
6758:
6751:
6744:
6737:
6730:
6727:Battle of Guam
6723:
6716:
6709:
6702:
6695:
6688:
6681:
6674:
6667:
6660:
6653:
6650:Battle of Kiev
6646:
6639:
6625:
6624:
6623:
6609:
6602:
6595:
6588:
6581:
6580:
6579:
6565:
6558:
6551:
6543:
6541:
6535:
6534:
6532:
6531:
6522:
6515:
6508:
6501:
6494:
6487:
6480:
6473:
6466:
6459:
6452:
6445:
6438:
6431:
6424:
6417:
6410:
6403:
6395:
6393:
6387:
6386:
6384:
6383:
6376:
6369:
6362:
6355:
6348:
6341:
6333:
6331:
6325:
6324:
6322:
6321:
6320:
6319:
6312:
6305:
6298:
6291:
6277:
6276:
6275:
6268:
6254:
6253:
6252:
6237:
6235:
6226:
6220:
6219:
6216:
6215:
6213:
6212:
6205:
6198:
6197:
6196:
6189:
6177:
6176:
6175:
6161:
6154:
6153:
6152:
6149:United Kingdom
6145:
6138:
6137:
6136:
6117:
6109:
6107:
6101:
6100:
6098:
6097:
6090:
6089:
6088:
6081:
6069:
6062:
6055:
6048:
6041:
6034:
6027:
6020:
6013:
6006:
5999:
5992:
5985:
5978:
5971:
5970:
5969:
5962:
5948:
5941:
5934:
5927:
5920:
5913:
5906:
5899:
5892:
5885:
5878:
5871:
5864:
5857:
5850:
5843:
5835:
5833:
5827:
5826:
5824:
5823:
5816:
5809:
5802:
5795:
5788:
5781:
5774:
5767:
5760:
5753:
5745:
5743:
5737:
5736:
5734:
5733:
5726:
5719:
5712:
5705:
5697:
5690:
5683:
5676:
5675:
5674:
5659:
5652:
5645:
5638:
5631:
5624:
5616:
5609:
5602:
5594:
5586:
5584:
5578:
5577:
5575:
5574:
5567:
5566:
5565:
5551:
5550:
5549:
5546:British Empire
5539:United Kingdom
5535:
5528:
5521:
5514:
5507:
5500:
5488:
5481:
5474:
5467:
5460:
5453:
5446:
5439:
5432:
5420:
5413:
5406:
5399:
5392:
5380:
5372:
5365:
5358:
5355:Czechoslovakia
5351:
5344:
5337:
5330:
5318:
5311:
5304:
5297:
5289:
5287:
5278:
5272:
5271:
5268:
5267:
5265:
5264:
5263:
5262:
5255:
5252:Rape of Manila
5248:
5241:
5234:
5223:
5208:
5201:
5189:
5182:
5181:
5180:
5173:
5159:
5158:
5157:
5150:
5143:
5129:
5122:
5121:
5120:
5113:
5112:
5111:
5104:
5090:
5083:
5069:
5068:
5067:
5060:
5053:
5038:
5036:
5030:
5029:
5027:
5026:
5023:United Nations
5019:
5012:
5005:
5004:
5003:
4996:
4989:
4982:
4968:
4959:
4950:
4943:
4936:
4929:
4920:
4913:
4906:
4899:
4892:
4885:
4882:Decolonization
4878:
4871:
4863:
4861:
4855:
4854:
4852:
4851:
4844:
4843:
4842:
4828:
4821:
4820:
4819:
4812:
4805:
4791:
4790:
4789:
4782:
4768:
4767:
4766:
4759:
4752:
4745:
4738:
4731:
4716:
4714:
4708:
4707:
4705:
4704:
4697:
4690:
4683:
4676:
4669:
4662:
4655:
4654:
4653:
4646:
4632:
4625:
4618:
4611:
4604:
4597:
4590:
4589:
4588:
4574:
4567:
4566:
4565:
4558:
4555:United Kingdom
4551:
4537:
4530:
4523:
4516:
4509:
4502:
4495:
4494:
4493:
4478:
4476:
4467:
4463:
4462:
4460:
4459:
4452:
4445:
4444:
4443:
4436:
4429:
4417:
4416:
4415:
4401:
4393:
4390:
4389:
4382:
4381:
4374:
4367:
4359:
4353:
4352:
4342:on 30 May 2016
4328:
4320:
4307:
4294:
4274:
4254:
4234:
4226:
4212:
4211:External links
4209:
4207:
4206:
4200:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4171:
4165:
4148:
4143:978-1612008165
4142:
4125:
4119:
4099:
4093:
4069:
4063:
4047:
4042:978-1398103238
4041:
4028:
4022:
4005:
3999:
3978:
3943:
3937:
3917:
3911:
3894:
3888:
3878:. New Jersey:
3868:
3862:
3845:
3839:
3822:
3816:
3799:
3787:
3781:
3765:Jarymowycz, R.
3761:
3757:Harcourt Brace
3745:
3739:
3719:
3713:
3696:
3690:
3673:
3667:
3647:
3627:
3611:Butler, J.R.M.
3599:
3581:
3575:
3555:
3549:
3536:
3530:
3513:
3507:
3487:
3481:
3473:Red Deer Press
3457:
3451:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3425:
3416:
3407:
3398:
3389:
3380:
3371:
3362:
3353:
3344:
3335:
3326:
3324:Wilmot, p. 425
3317:
3305:
3301:Ingersoll 1946
3293:
3291:Wilmot, p. 424
3279:
3270:
3258:
3246:
3230:
3221:
3212:
3203:
3191:
3177:
3168:
3159:
3145:
3143:D'Este, p. 458
3133:
3121:
3112:
3103:
3101:D'Este, p. 456
3094:
3085:
3073:
3064:
3062:Wilmot, p. 422
3052:
3043:
3034:
3025:
3016:
3000:
2998:Wilmot, p. 420
2991:
2982:
2970:
2961:
2947:
2938:
2926:
2924:Wilmot, p. 419
2917:
2915:D'Este, p. 441
2908:
2906:Essame, p. 182
2892:
2890:Essame, p. 168
2883:
2881:Wilmot, p. 417
2869:
2860:
2858:Keegan, p. 136
2851:
2842:
2828:
2819:
2807:
2793:
2784:
2775:
2766:
2754:
2752:D'Este, p. 404
2745:
2733:
2724:
2715:
2706:
2697:
2688:
2679:
2677:Wilmot, p. 401
2670:
2658:
2656:D'Este, p. 414
2649:
2637:
2628:
2619:
2617:Wilmot, p. 394
2610:
2601:
2592:
2583:
2574:
2565:
2556:
2547:
2538:
2529:
2520:
2498:
2487:. 12 June 2006
2472:
2470:Stacey, p. 271
2463:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2422:
2413:
2320:
2307:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2257:
2254:
2210:50,000 escaped
2156:20,000 escaped
2114:
2111:
2104:
2032:
2010:Hawker Typhoon
1992:
1967:19,221 missing
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1907:
1881:
1834:
1824:Main article:
1821:
1818:
1697:
1687:Main article:
1684:
1681:
1672:
1669:
1636:
1633:
1565:
1555:Main article:
1552:
1549:
1455:Main article:
1452:
1449:
1370:Main article:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1281:Western Allies
1223:Falaise pocket
1214:
1213:
1211:
1210:
1198:
1197:
1186:
1179:
1172:
1165:
1158:
1151:
1144:
1137:
1130:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1109:Pierres Noires
1106:
1101:
1096:
1085:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1037:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1016:
1009:
1002:
989:
988:
983:
976:
969:
964:
957:
950:
943:
936:
929:
924:
923:
922:
912:
911:
910:
905:
903:Villers-Bocage
893:
888:
879:
878:
877:
876:
866:
865:
864:
854:
849:
844:
839:
837:BrĂŠcourt Manor
826:
825:
824:
823:
818:
808:
807:
806:
790:
789:
787:Port-en-Bessin
784:
779:
774:
769:
758:
757:
752:
747:
732:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
698:
697:
690:
689:
688:
683:
663:
662:
657:
652:
645:
638:
636:Transport Plan
633:
628:
623:
622:
621:
616:
609:
602:
588:
579:
576:
575:
562:
561:
554:
547:
539:
531:
530:
528:
527:
519:
508: 60,000:
501:
468:United Kingdom
457:
456:
452:
451:
448:
444:
443:
439:
438:
404:
347:
346:
345:Units involved
342:
341:
288:
209:
208:
204:
203:
188:
152:United Kingdom
128:
127:
123:
122:
119:
118:
117:
116:
106:
102:
101:
65:
63:
59:
58:
55:
47:
46:
36:
35:
28:
27:
21:
20:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8284:
8273:
8270:
8268:
8265:
8263:
8260:
8258:
8255:
8253:
8250:
8248:
8245:
8243:
8240:
8238:
8235:
8233:
8230:
8228:
8225:
8223:
8220:
8218:
8215:
8213:
8210:
8208:
8205:
8203:
8200:
8199:
8197:
8190:
8180:
8177:
8175:
8172:
8170:
8167:
8165:
8162:
8159:
8156:
8153:
8150:
8148:
8145:
8142:
8139:
8137:
8134:
8132:
8129:
8127:
8124:
8122:
8119:
8117:
8114:
8112:
8109:
8107:
8106:Atlantic Wall
8104:
8103:
8101:
8097:
8091:
8088:
8086:
8083:
8081:
8078:
8076:
8073:
8071:
8068:
8067:
8065:
8061:
8055:
8052:
8050:
8047:
8045:
8042:
8040:
8037:
8035:
8032:
8030:
8027:
8025:
8022:
8020:
8017:
8016:
8014:
8012:Gun batteries
8010:
8004:
8001:
7998:
7995:
7993:
7990:
7988:
7985:
7983:
7980:
7979:
7977:
7973:
7966:
7963:
7960:
7957:
7954:
7951:
7946:
7945:Pointe du Hoc
7943:
7942:
7940:
7937:
7934:
7931:
7930:
7928:
7916:
7909:
7906:
7903:
7900:
7897:
7894:
7891:
7888:
7885:
7882:
7879:
7876:
7873:
7870:
7867:
7864:
7861:
7858:
7857:
7855:
7851:
7844:
7841:
7838:
7835:
7832:
7829:
7826:
7823:
7820:
7817:
7814:
7811:
7808:
7805:
7802:
7799:
7796:
7793:
7790:
7789:
7785:
7782:
7779:
7776:
7773:
7770:
7767:
7764:
7761:
7758:
7755:
7752:
7749:
7746:
7743:
7740:
7737:
7734:
7731:
7728:
7725:
7723:
7720:
7717:
7714:
7711:
7708:
7707:
7705:
7701:
7697:
7693:
7692:Western Front
7685:
7680:
7678:
7673:
7671:
7666:
7665:
7662:
7649:
7645:
7642:
7638:
7635:
7634:
7629:
7622:
7621:
7618:
7605:
7601:
7598:
7594:
7591:
7587:
7586:
7584:
7580:
7575:
7571:
7570:
7568:
7567:Kuril Islands
7564:
7561:
7557:
7552:
7548:
7547:
7545:
7541:
7538:
7534:
7531:
7527:
7524:
7520:
7517:
7513:
7508:
7504:
7503:
7501:
7497:
7494:
7490:
7487:
7483:
7480:
7476:
7473:
7469:
7466:
7462:
7459:
7455:
7452:
7448:
7445:
7441:
7438:
7434:
7431:
7427:
7424:
7420:
7417:
7413:
7410:
7406:
7403:
7399:
7398:
7396:
7394:
7390:
7383:
7379:
7374:
7373:
7368:
7367:
7365:
7361:
7358:
7354:
7349:
7345:
7344:
7342:
7338:
7335:
7334:Syrmian Front
7331:
7328:
7324:
7321:
7317:
7314:
7310:
7307:
7306:
7301:
7298:
7297:
7292:
7289:
7285:
7282:
7281:
7280:Market Garden
7276:
7273:
7269:
7266:
7262:
7259:
7255:
7252:
7251:
7246:
7243:
7239:
7236:
7232:
7229:
7225:
7222:
7218:
7215:
7211:
7208:
7204:
7201:
7200:
7195:
7192:
7188:
7185:
7184:
7179:
7176:
7175:
7170:
7167:
7166:
7161:
7158:
7154:
7151:
7147:
7144:
7140:
7139:Monte Cassino
7136:
7133:
7132:
7127:
7126:
7124:
7122:
7118:
7111:
7107:
7102:
7098:
7095:
7091:
7090:
7088:
7084:
7081:
7077:
7074:
7070:
7067:
7063:
7060:
7056:
7051:
7047:
7046:
7044:
7040:
7037:
7033:
7030:
7029:
7024:
7021:
7017:
7014:
7010:
7007:
7003:
7000:
6996:
6993:
6989:
6986:
6982:
6979:
6975:
6972:
6968:
6967:
6965:
6963:
6959:
6952:
6948:
6945:
6944:
6939:
6936:
6932:
6929:
6925:
6922:
6921:
6916:
6913:
6909:
6906:
6902:
6899:
6895:
6892:
6888:
6885:
6884:
6879:
6874:
6870:
6867:
6863:
6862:
6860:
6856:
6853:
6849:
6846:
6842:
6839:
6835:
6832:
6828:
6825:
6821:
6818:
6814:
6811:
6807:
6804:
6800:
6797:
6793:
6790:
6786:
6785:
6783:
6781:
6777:
6770:
6766:
6763:
6759:
6756:
6752:
6749:
6745:
6742:
6738:
6735:
6731:
6728:
6724:
6721:
6717:
6714:
6710:
6707:
6703:
6700:
6696:
6693:
6689:
6686:
6682:
6679:
6675:
6672:
6668:
6665:
6661:
6658:
6654:
6651:
6647:
6644:
6640:
6636:
6635:
6630:
6626:
6621:
6617:
6616:
6614:
6610:
6607:
6603:
6600:
6596:
6593:
6589:
6586:
6582:
6577:
6573:
6572:
6570:
6566:
6563:
6559:
6556:
6552:
6549:
6545:
6544:
6542:
6540:
6536:
6529:
6528:
6523:
6520:
6516:
6513:
6509:
6506:
6502:
6499:
6498:Baltic states
6495:
6492:
6488:
6485:
6481:
6478:
6474:
6471:
6467:
6464:
6460:
6457:
6453:
6450:
6446:
6443:
6439:
6436:
6432:
6429:
6425:
6422:
6418:
6415:
6411:
6408:
6404:
6401:
6397:
6396:
6394:
6392:
6388:
6381:
6377:
6374:
6370:
6367:
6363:
6360:
6356:
6353:
6349:
6346:
6342:
6339:
6335:
6334:
6332:
6330:
6326:
6317:
6313:
6310:
6306:
6303:
6299:
6296:
6292:
6289:
6285:
6284:
6282:
6278:
6273:
6269:
6266:
6262:
6261:
6259:
6255:
6250:
6246:
6245:
6243:
6239:
6238:
6236:
6234:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6221:
6210:
6206:
6203:
6199:
6194:
6190:
6187:
6183:
6182:
6178:
6173:
6169:
6168:
6166:
6162:
6159:
6155:
6150:
6146:
6143:
6142:United States
6139:
6134:
6130:
6129:
6127:
6123:
6122:
6118:
6115:
6111:
6110:
6108:
6106:
6102:
6095:
6091:
6086:
6082:
6079:
6078:Quáťc dân Äảng
6075:
6074:
6070:
6067:
6063:
6060:
6056:
6053:
6049:
6046:
6042:
6039:
6035:
6032:
6028:
6025:
6021:
6018:
6014:
6011:
6007:
6004:
6000:
5997:
5993:
5990:
5986:
5983:
5979:
5976:
5972:
5967:
5963:
5960:
5956:
5955:
5953:
5949:
5946:
5942:
5939:
5935:
5932:
5928:
5925:
5921:
5918:
5914:
5911:
5907:
5904:
5900:
5897:
5893:
5890:
5886:
5883:
5879:
5876:
5872:
5869:
5865:
5862:
5858:
5855:
5851:
5848:
5844:
5841:
5837:
5836:
5834:
5832:
5828:
5821:
5817:
5814:
5810:
5807:
5803:
5800:
5796:
5793:
5789:
5786:
5782:
5779:
5778:Liechtenstein
5775:
5772:
5768:
5765:
5761:
5758:
5754:
5751:
5747:
5746:
5744:
5742:
5738:
5731:
5730:Collaboration
5727:
5724:
5720:
5717:
5713:
5710:
5706:
5702:
5698:
5695:
5691:
5688:
5684:
5681:
5677:
5672:
5668:
5667:
5664:
5660:
5657:
5653:
5650:
5646:
5643:
5639:
5636:
5632:
5629:
5625:
5621:
5617:
5614:
5610:
5607:
5603:
5599:
5595:
5592:
5588:
5587:
5585:
5583:
5579:
5572:
5568:
5563:
5559:
5558:
5556:
5555:United States
5552:
5547:
5543:
5542:
5540:
5536:
5533:
5529:
5526:
5522:
5519:
5515:
5512:
5508:
5505:
5501:
5497:
5493:
5489:
5486:
5482:
5479:
5475:
5472:
5468:
5465:
5461:
5458:
5454:
5451:
5447:
5444:
5440:
5437:
5433:
5429:
5425:
5421:
5418:
5414:
5411:
5407:
5404:
5400:
5397:
5393:
5389:
5385:
5381:
5377:
5373:
5370:
5366:
5363:
5359:
5356:
5352:
5349:
5345:
5342:
5338:
5335:
5331:
5327:
5323:
5319:
5316:
5312:
5309:
5305:
5302:
5298:
5295:
5291:
5290:
5288:
5286:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5273:
5260:
5256:
5253:
5249:
5246:
5245:Comfort women
5242:
5239:
5235:
5232:
5229: /
5228:
5224:
5221:
5218: /
5217:
5214: /
5213:
5209:
5206:
5205:Camp brothels
5202:
5199:
5195:
5194:
5190:
5187:
5183:
5178:
5174:
5171:
5167:
5166:
5164:
5160:
5155:
5151:
5148:
5144:
5141:
5137:
5136:
5134:
5130:
5127:
5123:
5118:
5114:
5109:
5105:
5102:
5098:
5097:
5095:
5094:The Holocaust
5091:
5088:
5084:
5081:
5080:forced labour
5077:
5076:
5074:
5070:
5065:
5061:
5058:
5054:
5051:
5047:
5046:
5044:
5040:
5039:
5037:
5035:
5031:
5024:
5020:
5017:
5013:
5010:
5006:
5001:
4997:
4994:
4990:
4987:
4983:
4980:
4976:
4975:
4973:
4969:
4966:
4965:
4960:
4957:
4956:
4951:
4948:
4944:
4941:
4937:
4934:
4933:Marshall Plan
4930:
4927:
4926:
4921:
4918:
4914:
4911:
4907:
4904:
4900:
4897:
4893:
4890:
4886:
4883:
4879:
4876:
4872:
4869:
4865:
4864:
4862:
4860:
4856:
4849:
4845:
4840:
4836:
4835:
4833:
4829:
4826:
4822:
4817:
4813:
4810:
4806:
4803:
4799:
4798:
4796:
4792:
4787:
4786:Eastern Front
4783:
4780:
4779:Western Front
4776:
4775:
4773:
4769:
4764:
4760:
4757:
4753:
4750:
4746:
4743:
4739:
4736:
4732:
4729:
4725:
4724:
4722:
4718:
4717:
4715:
4713:
4709:
4702:
4698:
4695:
4691:
4688:
4684:
4681:
4677:
4674:
4673:Puppet states
4670:
4667:
4663:
4660:
4656:
4651:
4647:
4644:
4640:
4639:
4637:
4633:
4630:
4626:
4623:
4619:
4616:
4615:Naval history
4612:
4609:
4605:
4602:
4598:
4595:
4591:
4586:
4582:
4581:
4579:
4575:
4572:
4568:
4563:
4562:United States
4559:
4556:
4552:
4549:
4545:
4544:
4542:
4538:
4535:
4531:
4528:
4524:
4521:
4517:
4514:
4510:
4507:
4503:
4500:
4496:
4491:
4487:
4486:
4484:
4480:
4479:
4477:
4475:
4471:
4468:
4464:
4457:
4453:
4450:
4446:
4441:
4437:
4434:
4430:
4427:
4423:
4422:
4418:
4413:
4409:
4408:
4406:
4402:
4399:
4395:
4394:
4391:
4387:
4380:
4375:
4373:
4368:
4366:
4361:
4360:
4357:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4317:
4313:
4308:
4304:
4300:
4295:
4283:
4279:
4275:
4263:
4259:
4255:
4243:
4239:
4235:
4231:
4227:
4223:
4219:
4215:
4214:
4203:
4201:0-06-089077-0
4197:
4193:
4192:HarperCollins
4189:
4185:
4181:
4180:
4168:
4166:0-7737-3289-6
4162:
4158:
4154:
4149:
4145:
4139:
4135:
4131:
4126:
4122:
4120:1-85326-677-9
4116:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4094:0-340-83397-1
4090:
4086:
4081:
4080:
4074:
4070:
4066:
4064:1-55192-586-9
4060:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4038:
4034:
4029:
4025:
4023:0-7509-3010-1
4019:
4015:
4011:
4006:
4002:
4000:91-1-301204-5
3996:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3979:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3949:
3944:
3940:
3934:
3930:
3926:
3922:
3918:
3914:
3912:0-9711709-3-2
3908:
3904:
3900:
3895:
3891:
3889:0-13-171918-1
3885:
3881:
3880:Prentice Hall
3877:
3873:
3872:Moczarski, K.
3869:
3865:
3863:1-57145-217-6
3859:
3855:
3851:
3846:
3842:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3823:
3819:
3817:0-7134-0433-7
3813:
3809:
3805:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3788:
3784:
3782:1-55587-950-0
3778:
3774:
3773:Lynne Rienner
3770:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3740:0-307-27571-X
3736:
3732:
3731:Vintage Books
3728:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3697:
3693:
3691:0-7570-0160-2
3687:
3683:
3679:
3674:
3670:
3664:
3660:
3659:Da Capo Press
3656:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3638:
3630:
3628:1-84574-058-0
3624:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3591:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3576:0-141-01761-9
3572:
3568:
3567:Penguin Books
3564:
3560:
3559:D'Este, Carlo
3556:
3552:
3546:
3542:
3537:
3533:
3531:0-8020-3925-1
3527:
3523:
3519:
3514:
3510:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3491:Bradley, Omar
3488:
3484:
3482:0-88995-305-8
3478:
3474:
3469:
3468:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3452:0-09-139330-2
3448:
3444:
3440:
3435:
3434:
3420:
3411:
3402:
3393:
3384:
3375:
3366:
3357:
3348:
3339:
3330:
3321:
3312:
3310:
3302:
3297:
3288:
3286:
3284:
3274:
3268:, p. 279
3267:
3262:
3253:
3251:
3241:
3239:
3237:
3235:
3225:
3216:
3207:
3198:
3196:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3172:
3163:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3140:
3138:
3128:
3126:
3116:
3107:
3098:
3092:Wilmot, p.423
3089:
3080:
3078:
3068:
3059:
3057:
3047:
3038:
3029:
3020:
3011:
3009:
3007:
3005:
2995:
2986:
2977:
2975:
2965:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2942:
2933:
2931:
2921:
2912:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2887:
2878:
2876:
2874:
2867:Ellis, p. 448
2864:
2855:
2846:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2823:
2814:
2812:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2788:
2779:
2770:
2761:
2759:
2749:
2740:
2738:
2728:
2719:
2710:
2701:
2692:
2683:
2674:
2665:
2663:
2653:
2644:
2642:
2632:
2623:
2614:
2605:
2596:
2587:
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2569:
2560:
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2542:
2533:
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2508:
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2324:
2317:
2311:
2302:
2298:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2267:Colmar Pocket
2265:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2253:
2235:prisoner and
2222:
2198:50,000 German
2188:
2179:10,000 killed
2144:80,000 troops
2137:
2134:, Wilmot and
2133:
2103:
2098:
2096:
2091:
2090:
2084:
2083:90th Division
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2043:
2031:
2026:
2024:
2018:
2011:
2007:
2002:
1991:
1989:
1982:
1978:
1976:
1971:16,714 airmen
1963:36,976 killed
1955:
1945:
1931:
1929:
1924:
1922:
1917:
1905:
1901:
1898:
1894:
1885:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1855:
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1848:
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1832:
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1766:
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1742:
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1734:
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1726:
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1718:
1713:
1710:
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1695:
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1668:
1665:
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1657:
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1650:
1646:
1642:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1601:
1600:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1577:
1576:8.8 cm PaK 43
1573:
1569:
1568:Cromwell tank
1563:
1558:
1547:
1543:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1458:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1441:US VIII Corps
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1417:US First Army
1414:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1380:included the
1379:
1373:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1336:
1335:First US Army
1332:
1328:
1324:
1323:US Third Army
1320:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1242:
1237:
1233:
1228:
1224:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1203:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1187:
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1184:
1180:
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1177:
1173:
1171:
1170:
1166:
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1163:
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1149:
1145:
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1142:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1008:
1007:
1003:
1001:
1000:
996:
995:
994:
993:
987:
984:
982:
981:
977:
975:
974:
970:
968:
965:
963:
962:
958:
956:
955:
951:
949:
948:
944:
942:
941:
937:
935:
934:
930:
928:
925:
921:
920:Ardenne Abbey
918:
917:
916:
913:
909:
906:
904:
901:
900:
899:
898:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
883:
882:
875:
872:
871:
870:
867:
863:
860:
859:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
834:
833:
830:
822:
819:
817:
814:
813:
812:
809:
805:
802:
801:
800:
797:
796:
795:
794:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
767:
763:
762:
761:
756:
755:Pointe du Hoc
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
742:
741:
738:
737:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
706:
705:
704:
703:
696:
695:
691:
687:
684:
682:
679:
678:
677:
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672:
671:
670:
667:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
650:
646:
644:
643:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
620:
617:
615:
614:
610:
608:
607:
603:
601:
600:
596:
595:
594:
593:
589:
587:
586:Atlantic Wall
584:
583:
582:
577:
570:
560:
555:
553:
548:
546:
541:
540:
537:
520:
512:
511:
510:
502:
490:
483:
476:
469:
462:
461:United States
459:
458:
453:
449:
446:
445:
440:
437:
432:
426:
421:
415:
410:
405:
403:
398:
392:
387:
381:
376:
370:
365:
359:
354:
349:
348:
343:
340:
335:
329:
324:
318:
313:
307:
305:
299:
294:
289:
287:
282:
276:
271:
265:
260:
254:
253:Miles Dempsey
249:
243:
238:
232:
227:
221:
216:
211:
210:
205:
201:
189:
187:
182:
176:
171:
165:
153:
141:
140:United States
130:
129:
124:
115:
112:
111:
110:
107:
104:
103:
98:
68:
64:
61:
60:
56:
53:
52:
48:
42:
37:
34:
29:
24:
19:
8247:Tank battles
8189:
8069:
8063:Other places
7874:(UK, Canada)
7787:
7696:World War II
7641:Bibliography
7624:
7437:Project Hula
7402:VistulaâOder
7371:
7304:
7295:
7279:
7249:
7198:
7182:
7173:
7164:
7130:
7027:
6942:
6918:
6881:
6632:
6525:
6470:North Africa
6172:Soviet Union
6126:Soviet Union
6052:Soviet Union
5820:Vatican City
5723:Vichy France
5628:German Reich
5525:Soviet Union
5511:South Africa
5504:Sierra Leone
5457:Newfoundland
5276:Participants
5259:Marocchinate
4963:
4954:
4924:
4802:North Africa
4763:Indian Ocean
4622:Nazi plunder
4513:Cryptography
4386:World War II
4344:. Retrieved
4340:the original
4335:
4316:the original
4303:the original
4286:. Retrieved
4282:the original
4266:. Retrieved
4262:the original
4246:. Retrieved
4242:the original
4190:. New York:
4187:
4152:
4129:
4106:
4078:
4073:Williams, A.
4054:
4032:
4009:
3986:
3982:
3970:. Retrieved
3963:the original
3924:
3898:
3875:
3849:
3829:. Solihull:
3826:
3808:B T Batsford
3803:
3794:
3768:
3755:. New York:
3752:
3726:
3723:Hastings, M.
3700:
3677:
3657:. New York:
3654:
3614:
3593:. New York:
3588:
3562:
3540:
3517:
3494:
3466:
3461:Bercuson, D.
3438:
3419:
3410:
3401:
3392:
3383:
3374:
3365:
3356:
3347:
3338:
3329:
3320:
3296:
3273:
3261:
3224:
3215:
3206:
3171:
3162:
3115:
3106:
3097:
3088:
3067:
3046:
3037:
3028:
3019:
2994:
2985:
2964:
2941:
2920:
2911:
2886:
2863:
2854:
2845:
2822:
2787:
2778:
2769:
2748:
2727:
2718:
2709:
2700:
2691:
2682:
2673:
2652:
2631:
2622:
2613:
2604:
2595:
2586:
2577:
2572:Hart, p. 38.
2568:
2559:
2550:
2541:
2532:
2523:
2515:the original
2510:
2501:
2489:. Retrieved
2484:
2475:
2466:
2431:Hans Speidel
2425:
2416:
2323:
2310:
2301:
2206:40,000 taken
2116:
2107:Omar Bradley
2100:
2094:
2079:
2059:Harry Crerar
2047:Max Hastings
2039:
2028:
2019:
2015:
1984:
1979:
1950:
1925:
1912:
1893:Paul Hausser
1890:
1856:
1847:2nd Armoured
1839:
1820:Encirclement
1803:
1796:
1790:
1787:Walter Model
1783:20 July plot
1779:
1772:
1753:
1714:
1702:
1676:
1674:
1638:
1582:
1545:
1503:
1495:Army Group B
1487:Adolf Hitler
1460:
1429:Omar Bradley
1410:
1398:VII US Corps
1375:
1339:
1308:
1293:
1263:Army Group B
1226:
1222:
1220:
1201:
1200:
1193:
1189:
1182:
1175:
1168:
1161:
1154:
1147:
1140:
1133:
1126:
1119:
1118:
1114:Audierne Bay
1087:
1086:
1040:
1033:
1019:
1012:
1005:
998:
991:
990:
979:
972:
960:
953:
946:
939:
932:
896:
880:
828:
827:
792:
791:
765:
759:
734:
733:
700:
699:
693:
674:
665:
664:
648:
642:Postage Able
641:
612:
605:
598:
591:
580:
503:
488:
481:
474:
467:
460:
328:Paul Hausser
317:Walter Model
303:
242:Harry Crerar
231:Omar Bradley
126:Belligerents
108:
31:Part of the
18:
8121:Dieppe Raid
8054:Mont Canisy
7372:Bodenplatte
7258:Gothic Line
6477:West Africa
6024:Philippines
6003:Netherlands
5868:Czech lands
5806:Switzerland
5750:Afghanistan
5694:Philippines
5562:Puerto Rico
5478:Philippines
5464:New Zealand
5450:Netherlands
5403:Free France
5154:Prosecution
4955:Osoaviakhim
4825:West Africa
4809:East Africa
4456:Conferences
3921:Shulman, M.
3854:Thunder Bay
3520:. Toronto:
2563:Trew, p. 48
2511:Info-Poland
2485:History Net
2233:5,000 taken
2204:killed and
2202:10,000 were
2189:wrote that
1852:St. Lambert
1737:smokescreen
1709:US XV Corps
1677:Falaise gap
1641:envelopment
1635:Allied plan
1629:Guy Simonds
1445:Pontaubault
1243:von Falaise
1162:Houndsworth
1082:La Rochelle
475:Free French
92: /
8196:Categories
8131:Rhino tank
8019:Amfreville
7703:Operations
7472:West Hunan
7305:Pointblank
6634:Silver Fox
6620:Summer War
6373:Winter War
6352:Phoney War
6133:Azerbaijan
6094:Yugoslavia
5989:Luxembourg
5831:Resistance
5571:Yugoslavia
5436:Luxembourg
5238:Sook Ching
5034:War crimes
4636:Technology
4629:Opposition
4571:Lend-Lease
4548:Australian
4541:Home front
4499:Blitzkrieg
4449:Casualties
4440:Commanders
4412:Operations
4346:10 January
4184:Keegan, J.
4083:. London:
3806:. London:
3753:Top Secret
3682:Square One
3651:Essame, H.
3565:. London:
3443:Hutchinson
3441:. London:
3430:References
2113:Casualties
1808:of the US
1527:Panzer IVs
1361:Background
1273:(formerly
1208:Cemeteries
1062:Saint-Malo
631:Pointblank
77:48°53â˛34âłN
7975:Logistics
7890:Cherbourg
7837:Tractable
7763:Fortitude
7739:Charnwood
7537:Manchuria
7423:Indochina
7199:Bagration
6643:Lithuania
6288:Anschluss
6085:Viet Minh
5982:Lithuania
5924:Hong Kong
5687:Manchukuo
5642:Azad Hind
5301:Australia
5101:Aftermath
4964:Paperclip
4859:Aftermath
4659:Total war
4527:Diplomacy
4490:In Europe
3959:606015967
3929:Kessinger
3923:(2007) .
3725:(2006) .
3653:(1988) .
3637:cite book
3609:(2004) .
3595:Doubleday
3561:(2004) .
3493:(1999) .
3463:(2004) .
2491:12 August
2445:Citations
2293:Footnotes
2250:500 tanks
2245:152 other
2229:2,000 men
2214:344 tanks
2095:SS-Panzer
2055:Blumenson
1934:Aftermath
1928:Coudehard
1843:Champeaux
1774:Waffen SS
1727:down the
1617:Cintheaux
1572:Willys MB
1425:Avranches
1386:Cherbourg
1232:âšSee Tfdâş
1202:Aftermath
1155:Bulbasket
1104:Cherbourg
1041:Tractable
954:Charnwood
869:Cherbourg
793:Logistics
599:Fortitude
592:Bodyguard
80:0°11â˛31âłW
8143:(France)
8099:See also
8075:Hill 262
8049:Merville
8034:Houlgate
8029:Crisbecq
8024:Azeville
7961:(Canada)
7904:(Canada)
7884:Chambois
7878:Carentan
7866:BrĂŠville
7845:(Canada)
7831:Totalize
7815:(Canada)
7791:(German)
7769:Goodwood
7733:Bluecoat
7729:(Canada)
7727:Atlantic
7710:Overlord
7648:Category
7597:document
7507:document
7364:Ardennes
7348:Budapest
7296:Crossbow
7174:Overlord
7013:Smolensk
6224:Timeline
6059:Slovakia
6045:Thailand
5896:Ethiopia
5861:Bulgaria
5785:Portugal
5716:Thailand
5598:Bulgaria
5376:Eswatini
5369:Ethiopia
5322:Bulgaria
5147:Unit 731
5108:Response
4925:Keelhaul
4875:Cold War
4848:Americas
4839:timeline
4832:Atlantic
4712:Theaters
4186:(2006).
4157:Stoddart
4134:Casemate
4109:. Ware:
4075:(2004).
4053:(2003).
3903:Casemate
3793:(1953).
3767:(2001).
3751:(1946).
3587:(1948).
2256:See also
2237:55 tanks
2231:killed,
2225:252 guns
2218:as 2,447
2187:Williams
2122:killed,
2105:â
2074:Tiger II
2033:â
2006:Chambois
1993:â
1939:Analysis
1884:Hill 262
1859:Hill 262
1826:Hill 262
1812:and the
1765:Soulangy
1759:and the
1660:Argentan
1593:Kangaroo
1531:Panthers
1521:and the
1467:7th Army
1437:Saint-LĂ´
1431:, began
1411:General
1351:Hill 262
1304:Saint-LĂ´
1269:and the
1267:7th Army
1176:Jedburgh
1099:La Caine
1052:Chambois
1047:Hill 262
1026:Hill 140
1020:Totalize
1013:Bluecoat
992:Breakout
980:Goodwood
973:Atlantic
967:2nd Odon
891:BrĂŠville
857:Carentan
852:Saint-LĂ´
842:Graignes
816:Mulberry
799:American
649:Tarbrush
606:Zeppelin
442:Strength
425:7th Army
391:2nd Army
380:1st Army
369:3rd Army
358:1st Army
69:, France
67:Normandy
62:Location
7853:Battles
7843:Windsor
7819:Titanic
7801:Martlet
7795:Mallard
7788:LĂźttich
7781:Jupiter
7716:Neptune
7574:Shumshu
7341:Hungary
7288:Estonia
7272:Lapland
7250:Dragoon
7183:Neptune
7165:Ichi-Go
7131:Tempest
7073:Changde
7028:Cottage
6920:Jubilee
6629:Finland
6527:Compass
6233:Prelude
6186:Finland
6072:Vietnam
6038:Romania
5910:Germany
5889:Estonia
5875:Denmark
5854:Belgium
5847:Austria
5840:Albania
5771:Ireland
5757:Andorra
5741:Neutral
5701:Romania
5635:Hungary
5620:Finland
5492:Romania
5384:Finland
5362:Denmark
5308:Belgium
5294:Algeria
5000:Romania
4986:Hungary
4742:Pacific
4466:General
4420:Leaders
4405:Battles
4398:Outline
3972:6 April
3613:(ed.).
2241:44 guns
2132:Shulman
1707:of the
1664:Alençon
1653:General
1533:and 32
1463:Le Mans
1257:around
1249:in the
1190:Wallace
1183:Dragoon
1141:Titanic
1134:Samwest
1127:Dingson
1057:Falaise
1034:LĂźttich
961:Jupiter
947:Windsor
933:Martlet
927:Douvres
862:Hill 30
811:British
724:Detroit
719:Chicago
694:Mallard
613:Titanic
581:Prelude
479:Unknown
472:Unknown
465:Unknown
304:†
200:Germany
7813:Spring
7551:Debate
7523:Taipei
7516:Borneo
7094:Tarawa
6281:Europe
6242:Africa
6031:Poland
6017:Norway
5996:Malaya
5975:Latvia
5917:Greece
5903:France
5799:Sweden
5764:Bhutan
5485:Poland
5471:Norway
5443:Mexico
5410:Greece
5396:France
5334:Canada
5315:Brazil
5285:Allies
5231:Serbia
5220:Poland
4993:Poland
4979:Baltic
4772:Europe
4474:Topics
4426:Allied
4288:26 May
4268:26 May
4248:26 May
4198:
4163:
4140:
4117:
4091:
4061:
4039:
4020:
3997:
3957:
3935:
3909:
3886:
3860:
3837:
3831:Helion
3814:
3779:
3737:
3711:
3688:
3665:
3625:
3573:
3547:
3528:
3505:
3479:
3449:
2435:D'Este
2051:D'Este
2042:Wilmot
1671:Battle
1255:pocket
1241:Kessel
1236:German
1192:&
1169:Loyton
1148:Cooney
1094:Ushant
1006:Spring
766:Gambit
729:Elmira
714:Boston
709:Albany
660:Fabius
489:Poland
482:Canada
300:
197:
186:France
175:Poland
164:Canada
161:
149:
137:
105:Result
8111:D-Day
8044:Maisy
7997:Pluto
7965:Sword
7941:(US)
7939:Omaha
7860:Brest
7825:Tonga
7807:Perch
7757:Epsom
7745:Cobra
7327:Leyte
7157:Narva
7143:Anzio
7101:Makin
7059:Burma
6943:Torch
6912:Rzhev
6866:Kiska
5952:Korea
5938:Japan
5931:Italy
5813:Tibet
5792:Spain
5663:Italy
5424:Italy
5417:India
5341:China
5216:Japan
4816:Italy
4728:China
4680:Women
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1921:Tiger
1741:Dives
1729:Laize
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1539:Ultra
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1194:Hardy
1077:Paris
1067:Brest
999:Cobra
940:Epsom
897:Perch
874:Naval
821:Pluto
772:Sword
745:Omaha
675:Tonga
655:Tiger
7967:(UK)
7959:Juno
7955:(UK)
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7947:(US)
7935:(US)
7933:Utah
7910:(UK)
7898:(UK)
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7880:(US)
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7121:1944
6962:1943
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6780:1942
6539:1941
6391:1940
6329:1939
6258:Asia
6105:POWs
5945:Jews
5656:Iraq
5582:Axis
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5348:Cuba
4433:Axis
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4290:2006
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