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703:(INTERFET) landed in East Timor to counter the activities of the armed militias and attempt to restore peace. One of INTERFET's mandates was to disarm all the factions in the country, including Falintil. Under advice from the recently released Gusmão, INTERFET and the UN allowed Falintil to remain armed but required them to stay in their cantonments until peace was restored, at which time they would hand over their arms.
686:, resist all provocations of the Indonesian military and the armed militias, and not get involved in the civil unrest orchestrated by the Indonesian military. These orders were generally complied with by Falintil, with the fighters remaining in their secret camps during the referendum process. On 30 August, the referendum took place with a 98% turnout of registered voters. By 4 September, the
391:
494:
was appointed
Commander of Falintil. Under Santana's leadership, the restructuring started by Gusmão was further reinforced under the CNRM umbrella with Santana as leader of the Executive Council of the "Struggle", Ruak in charge of Falintil, and Keri Laran Sabalae (i.e. Pedro Nunes) taking charge of
471:
Between 23 and 28 May 1990, the CNRM held an extraordinary meeting to restructure the resistance movement. During the conference Gusmão officially resigned from
Fretilin while remaining Commander-in-Chief of Falintil and President of the CNRM. This meeting also saw the formation of the Clandestine
402:
and transform it into the armed wing of a unified resistance movement. On 12 May 1983 Gusmão proclaimed the convergence of all nationalists in their struggle against
Indonesian occupation, and by April 1984, Gusmão had proclaimed the ideological independence of Fretilin from the overall resistance
498:
Throughout the 1990s, the occupying
Indonesian forces stepped up their actions against the resistance, and factional troubles between Fretilin and other resistance organizations plagued the CNRM, with Fretilin members signing a document against the leadership of Santana. Sabalae was captured near
478:), which came about from the recognition that Falintil, the armed resistance, had been significantly weakened by many years of guerrilla activity against the Indonesian military. The formation of the Clandestine Front was part of a strategy to organize the population against the
512:. In 1998, Santana died in an accident, and the Falintil commander, Ruak, was elected as leader of the "Struggle", while also remaining operational commander of Falintil. In April 1998 during the National Convention of East Timorese Living Abroad being held in
725:
to "guarantee the independence of the nation, its territorial integrity, and the freedom and safety of the population against aggression, which does not respect the constitutional order." Ruak became the first
Commander of the F-FDTL and assumed the rank of
458:, RENETIL) was created in Indonesia, reporting directly to Falintil and Gusmão. On 31 December 1988, Gusmão officially announced that Falintil was now the non-partisan armed resistance wing of the unified resistance movement, which was to be known as the
503:
by
Indonesia on 1 June 1995. Gusmão remained the leader of the CNRM and Commander-in-Chief of Falintil despite being incarcerated in an Indonesian prison. On 31 May 1997, the East Timorese guerrillas killed 16 policemen and 1 soldier in an ambush near
690:
announced that 78.5% had voted against autonomy, therefore beginning the independence process. The following day the
Indonesian military and pro-Indonesia militias, in response to the referendum result, started a massive campaign of
482:. These events led to an upsurge in activity against the resistance movement by the occupiers, which led many resistance leaders to flee to the mountains or overseas and led to the arrest of Gusmão on 20 November 1992.
695:
and violence against the East
Timorese people. Gusmão and the CNRT leadership maintained that Falintil needed to resist the urge to join the fight and remain in their cantonments. On 20 September, the
437:
of
Falintil. A significant step in the unification of the resistance movement occurred in March 1986 when Fretilin and UDT agreed to establish the "nationalist convergence". Meanwhile, the Falintil
733:
Falintil veterans make up a significant portion of the membership of the "politico-criminal" armed groups operating in East Timor, such as
Sagrada Familia, CPD-RDTL, and Colimau 2000.
483:
711:
On 1 February 2001 Falintil was officially dissolved, only to be almost immediately resurrected as the official armed force of the newly independent country, the
433:
On 5 May 1985 Gusmão sent the Fretilin central committee, operating in exile, a message informing them of the structure of the CRRN and assuming the title of
522:, CNRT) was formed, replacing the CNRM and reinforcing the previous attempts to unify all the factions of the resistance struggle against Indonesia.
398:
Throughout the 1980s, Gusmão led both Falintil and the CRRN, gradually distancing himself from the Fretilin party. He began efforts to make Falintil
490:
replaced Karathayano as leader on 25 April 1993, and by September, all factions of the resistance had accepted Santana as the movement's leader.
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engineering unit, resulting in the deaths of 16 soldiers. On 31 August 1983, the Indonesian Army began military operations around
459:
193:
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486:, a member of Fretilin's central committee, became the leader of the resistance only to be arrested himself on 5 April 1993.
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garrison forces in the territory switched allegiance to it in August 1975 after the Portuguese withdrew following the 1974
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to coerce the population to vote in favour of autonomy. On 10 August 1999, Gusmão ordered Falintil to remain in their
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376:, Viqueque in 1981. This meeting also saw the formation of the Revolutionary Council of National Resistance (
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training, and 10,000 who had attended short military instruction courses, for a total of 20,000.
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674:. The Indonesians also announced that if autonomy were rejected, it would open the door for
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force continued to launch attacks against Indonesian soldiers. In June 1986, diplomats in
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870:(in Portuguese). FCCN, Fundação para a Computação Científica Nacional. Archived from
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Falintil gained most of its initial military units when most of the former
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was elected as his replacement during a secret national conference in
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acknowledged losing between 20 and 35 soldiers in a Falintil ambush.
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in 1975, Falintil consisted of 2,500 regular troops, 7,000 with some
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24:
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670:, announcing a referendum for the East Timorese people to vote on
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Indonesians ambushed in fierce Timor clash The Age – 1 July 1985.
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In the first week of August 1983, Falintil fighters attacked an
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Keesing's Record of World Events – Keesing's Worldwide – 1986
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316:. It was established on 20 August 1975 in response to
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Armed Forces for the National Liberation of East Timor
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Forças Armadas da Libertação Nacional de Timor-Leste
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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455:Resistência Nacional dos Estudantes de Timor-Leste
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973:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p.
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516:, the National Council of Timorese Resistance (
308:) originally began as the military wing of the
718:Falintil–Forças de Defesa de Timor Leste
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379:Conselho Revolucinario de Resistência Nacional
450:National Resistance of East Timorese Students
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805:Kopassus: Inside Indonesia's Special Forces
678:. The Indonesian military provided arms to
582:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
519:Conselho Nacional da Resistência Timorense
364:, who was killed during a battle with the
280:
266:
826:
646:Learn how and when to remove this message
418:, about 100 kilometres (62 mi) from
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
781:"Transformation of FALINTIL into F-FDTL"
775:
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771:
529:
465:Conselho Nacional da Resistência Maubere
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906:"Indonesia confirms army rule on Timor"
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403:movement and began to re-structure the
16:East Timor pro-independence armed force
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761:Resistencia Timorensia Arkivu ho Muzeu
460:National Council of Maubere Resistance
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946:"East Timor Rebels Kill 17 in Ambush"
903:
768:
394:Falintil veterans in East Timor, 2005
580:adding citations to reliable sources
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360:The first commander of Falintil was
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
1010:Indonesian occupation of East Timor
743:Indonesian occupation of East Timor
721:, F-FDTL), with the duty under the
13:
14:
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840:. Solidamor. 2005. Archived from
759:East Timorese Resistance Museum,
351:Indonesian invasion of East Timor
334:Indonesian invasion of East Timor
904:Davis, Ian (20 September 1983).
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426:said about 3,200 troops in four
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34:needs additional citations for
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701:International Force East Timor
534:Former resistance fighter and
424:Indonesian Embassy in Canberra
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318:Fretilin's political conflict
969:Southeast Asian Affairs 2007
965:Lorraine C. Salazar (2007).
536:Prime Minister of East Timor
7:
802:Conboy, Kenneth J. (2003).
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713:East Timorese Defence Force
707:East Timorese Defence Force
484:Ma'Huno Bulerek Karathayano
10:
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1020:National liberation armies
723:Constitution of East Timor
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1025:Rebel groups in Indonesia
785:The La'o Hamutuk Bulletin
322:Timorese Democratic Union
1005:Separatism in Indonesia
748:Portuguese Colonial War
495:the Clandestine Front.
366:Indonesian Armed Forces
204:Contemporary East Timor
1015:Military of East Timor
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680:pro-Indonesia militias
664:President of Indonesia
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422:. A spokesman for the
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838:History of East Timor
808:. Jakarta/Singapore:
660:Indonesian government
533:
448:On 20 June 1988, the
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235:2006 political crisis
230:Vote for independence
184:Indonesian occupation
812:. pp. 209–210.
699:-led, UN-sanctioned
576:improve this section
526:Towards independence
344:Carnation Revolution
43:improve this article
923:Google News Archive
834:"Indonesia Invades"
386:Resistance struggle
355:Portuguese military
349:At the time of the
328:Indonesian invasion
225:Santa Cruz massacre
220:Indonesian invasion
179:Democratic Republic
174:Japanese occupation
810:Equinox Publishing
791:(1–2). April 2005.
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488:Nino Konis Santana
475:Frente Clandestina
435:Commander-in-Chief
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984:978-981-230-442-1
951:Los Angeles Times
819:978-979-95898-8-0
728:brigadier general
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844:on 18 March 2005
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561:This section
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32:This article
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842:the original
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41:Please help
36:verification
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917:6 September
684:cantonments
407:movement.
188:Timor Timur
138:History of
999:Categories
864:"Fretilin"
754:References
606:newspapers
595:"Falintil"
428:battalions
340:Portuguese
332:See also:
314:East Timor
298:Portuguese
156:Chronology
140:East Timor
69:newspapers
58:"Falintil"
868:Por Timor
563:does not
468:, CNRM).
439:guerrilla
368:in 1978.
320:with the
312:party of
737:See also
672:autonomy
514:Portugal
506:Quelicai
416:Viqueque
310:Fretilin
306:Falintil
129:a series
127:Part of
911:The Age
693:looting
620:scholar
584:removed
569:sources
472:Front (
443:Jakarta
374:Lacluta
324:(UDT).
83:scholar
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878:30 May
848:30 May
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510:Baucau
212:Topics
198:UNTAET
131:on the
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627:JSTOR
613:books
501:Gleno
90:JSTOR
76:books
979:ISBN
919:2023
880:2006
850:2006
814:ISBN
599:news
567:any
565:cite
420:Dili
292:The
62:news
975:372
578:by
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