721:
on the moving plane, causing it to go out of control and crash into a building. One person who died, Leiron Kogoya, a journalist for Papua Pos, had suffered a neck gunshot wound. Amongst those wounded were the pilot, Beby Astek, and co-pilot, Willy
Resubun, both wounded by shrapnel; Yanti Korwa, a housewife who was hurt by shrapnel on her right arm, and her four-year-old infant, Pako Korwa, who was afflicted by shrapnel on his left hand. In response to the allegations, West Papuan media source denied that the OPM was responsible for the attack, alleging that the Indonesian military had attacked the plane as a part of a
644:". At around 22:00 that night several unidentified people cut Freeport's slurry and fuel pipelines by hacksaw, causing "a substantial loss of slurry, containing copper, silver and gold ores and diesel fuel." Additionally, the saboteurs set fire along the breaks in the fuel line, and shot at police that tried to approach the fires. On 14 April of that same year, OPM insurgents cut more pipelines, slashed electric wires, vandalised plumbing, and burned equipment tyres. Repair crews were attacked by OPM gunfire as they approached the sites of the damage, so Freeport requested police and military assistance.
709:
165:
653:
63:
343:
220:
189:
52:
1059:
1008:, says it has nine more or less independent commands. Australian freelance journalist Ben Bohane says it has seven independent commands. Tentara Nasional Indonesia (TNI), Indonesia's army, says the OPM has two main wings, the 'Victoria Headquarters' and 'Defenders of Truth'. The former is small, and was led by M L Prawar until he was shot dead in 1991. The latter is much larger and operates all over West Papua.
755:. One of construction workers had allegedly photographed the group raising the Morning Star flag at an independence celebration - considered illegal acts by Indonesian authorities. The construction workers were building a part of the Trans Papua highway that aims to connect remote communities in Papua. A few days after the incident, the OPM allegedly sent an open letter to Indonesian president
871:
insurgents from the Papua movement. The group said that he would not be freed from captivity until authorities recognise the independence of the region. In June 2024, it was reported that the rebels wanted to free
Mehrtens, but there had been "complications" including a failed rescue in April which left casualties on both sides. On 21 September 2024, Mehrtens was freed.
759:, demanding Papuan independence, rejecting central government infrastructure building projects, and demanding the right for foreign journalists and aid workers to enter Papua. In reprisals to obtain the massacred workers' bodies, the Indonesian military allegedly carried out airstrikes on at least four villages and used
1015:
Prior to this separation, TPN/OPM was one, under the leadership of Seth
Roemkorem as the Commander of OPM, then the President of West Papua Provisional Government, while Jacob Prai as the Head of Senate. OPM reached its peak in organisation and management as it was structurally well organised. During
608:
In 1982 a OPM Revolutionary
Council (OPMRC) was established, and under the chairmanship of Moses Werror the OPMRC has sought independence through a campaign of international diplomacy. OPMRC aims to obtain international recognition for West Papuan independence through international forums such as the
288:
The movement consists of three elements: a disparate group of armed units each with limited territorial control with no single commander; several groups in the territory that conduct demonstrations and protests; and a small group of leaders based abroad that raise awareness of issues in the territory
1023:
Due to the rivalry, Roemkorem left his base and went to the
Netherlands. During this time, Prai took over the leadership. John Otto Ondawame, who had left his law school in Jayapura because of being followed and threatened with death by the Indonesian ABRI day and night, became the right-hand man of
870:
that operates flights in and out of Papua. The TPNPB has claimed responsibility for the kidnapping and attack, stating that they would be targeting all foreigners as a part of their campaign. On the 15th of
February, photos of the pilot showed him to be in relatively good health and guarded by armed
523:
system (a process known as a referendum or plebiscite) but these requests were refused on the grounds that such activity was not specified nor requested by the 1962 New York
Agreement. One thousand and twenty five Papuan elders were selected from and instructed on the required procedure as specified
720:
On 8 April 2012, Indonesian media sources alleged that armed members of OPM carried out an attack on a civilian aircraft flown by
Trigana Air on a scheduled service after it landed and was taxiing towards an apron at Mulia Airport on Puncak Jaya, Papua. Five armed OPM militants suddenly opened fire
551:
Conflicts over strategy and suspicion between
Roemkorem and Prai soon initiated a split of the OPM into two factions; Prai left in March 1976 and by December founded 'Defender of Truth', and TPN led by Roemkorem in 'Victoria Headquarters'. This greatly weakened OPM's ability as a centralized combat
507:
also believed the
Indonesian military was the cause of problems in the territory and the number of troops should be reduced by at least one half. Ambassador Galbraith further described the OPM to "represent an amorphous mass of anti-Indonesia sentiment" and that "possibly 85 to 90 percent , are in
486:
which was to be called the "Act of Free Choice"; the New York Agreement instead provided a seven year delay and gave the United Nations no authority to supervise the act. Separatist groups raise the West Papua Morning Star flag each year on 1 December, which they call "Papuan independence day". An
694:
On 24 October 2011, Adj. Comr. Dominggus Oktavianus Awes, the Mulia Police chief, was shot by unknown assailants at Mulia Airport in Puncak Jaya regency. The National Police of Indonesia alleged that the perpetrators were members of the Free Papua Movement (OPM) separatist group. The series of
639:
On 14 February 1986, Freeport Indonesia received information that the OPM was again becoming active in their area, and that some of Freeport's employees were OPM members or sympathisers. On 18 February, a letter signed by a "Rebel General" warned that "On Wed. 19th, there will be some rain on
1031:
for Nemangkawi (Fakfak regency), Tadeus Yogi (Paniai Regency), and Bernardus Mawen for Maroke region. Tadeus Yogi died on 9 January 2009 suspected of poisoning, Kelly Kwalik was shot and killed on 16 December 2009, while Benard Mawen died in Kiunga hospital, PNG on 16 November 2018.
797:. Many of the protests involved thousands of participants, and some grew from local protests in Surabaya to demanding an independence referendum. In several locations, the protests turned into general riots, resulting in the destruction of government buildings in
591:
received letters from the OPM threatening the company and demanding assistance in a planned uprising in the spring. The company refused to cooperate with OPM. From July until 7 September 1977, OPM insurgents carried out their threats against Freeport and cut
413:
kept the two regions separate. The OPM was founded in December 1963, with the announcement that "We do not want modern life! We refuse any kinds of development: religious groups, aid agencies, and governmental organizations just Leave Us
1011:
The larger organisation, or 'Defender of the Truth' or Pembela Kebenaran (henceforth PEMKA), was chaired by Jacob Prai, and Seth Roemkorem was the leader of Victoria Faction. During the killing of Prawar, Roemkorem was his commander.
428:
and was led by Aser Demotekay, former head of Demta District. His policy of nonviolence and cooperation with Indonesian government, led to the creation of a more radical splinter group under Jacob Prai, former student of Demotekay.
628:, the provincial capital and a city dominated by non-Melanesian Indonesians. The attack was quickly repelled by the Indonesian military, who followed it with broader counter-insurgency activity. This triggered an exodus of Papuan
743:
OPM sympathizer and a far-right nationalist was arrested in Wamena along with four Papuans who police described as linked to "armed criminal groups" and was charged with treason. He later sentenced five year in prison.
400:
The pre-war relationship of the Netherlands and its New Guinea colony was replaced with the promotion of Papuan civil and other services until Indonesian administration began in 1963. Though there was agreement between
452:, and there was a proposal for United Nations trusteeship of West New Guinea, Indonesian President Sukarno said he was willing 'to borrow the hand of the United Nations to transfer the territory to Indonesia', and the
2715:
716:
On 31 January 2012, an OPM member was caught carrying 1 kilogram (2.2 lb) of drugs on the Indonesian â Papua New Guinea Border. It was alleged that the drugs were intended to be sold in the city of Jayapura.
1024:
Jacob Prai. It was Prai's initiative to establish OPM Regional Commanders. He appointed nine of them, most of whom were members of his own troops at the PEMKA headquarter, Skotiau, Vanimo-West Papua border.
809:. Clashes between protesters and counter-protesters and police resulted in injuries, with over 31 people killed from both the clashes and the rioting, mostly non-Papuan trapped when rioters burned houses.
2167:
498:
elected by the Council in 1962, lobbied the United Nations claiming 30,000 Indonesian troops and thousands of Indonesian civil servants were repressing the Papuan population. According to US Ambassador
561:
487:
Indonesian police officer speculated that people doing this could be charged with the crime of treason, which carries the penalty of imprisonment for seven to twenty years in Indonesia.
866:. The passengers were soon released, however the pilot from New Zealand named Philip Mehrtens remains in their captivity as of June 2024. The flight was operated by Indonesian airline
732:, was arrested in Australia for planning to train the OPM. He later pleaded guilty to training in the use of arms or explosives with the intention of committing an offence against the
519:
which took place from 14 July to 2 August 1969. The United Nations representative Ambassador Oritiz Sanz arrived on 22 August 1968 and made repeated requests for Indonesia to allow a
169:
705:
On 8 January 2012, OPM conducted an attack on a public bus which caused the death of three civilians and one member of an Indonesian security force. Four others were also injured.
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by 1957 that it would be preferable for their territories to unite for independence, the lack of development in the Australian territories and the interests of the
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2175:
600:, slashed telephone and power cables, burned down a warehouse, and detonated explosives at various facilities. Freeport estimated the damage at $ US123,871.23.
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2342:
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2038:
482:
Although the Netherlands had insisted the West New Guinea people be allowed self-determination in accord with the United Nations charter and General Assembly
2277:
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989:
483:
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1871:
1110:
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2115:
1388:"Document 172 â Foreign Relations of the United States, 1961â1963, Volume XXIII, Southeast Asia â Historical Documents â Office of the Historian"
1826:
660:
In separate incidents in January and August 1996, OPM captured European and Indonesian hostages; first from a research group and later from a
3578:
3232:
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1986:
2089:
840:, head of the Papua intelligence agency, was killed when he was shot in the head while in an ambush in a heavily-armed military convoy.
5509:
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2197:
1072:
453:
20:
2502:
2142:
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On 21 January 2012, armed men, believed to be members of OPM, shot and killed a civilian who was running a roadside kiosk. He was a
1785:
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force. It remains widely used, however, invoked by both contemporary fighters and domestic and expatriate political activists.
433:
305:
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4155:
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1157:
5078:
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Government recognised the presence of OPM and allowed OPM to open its embassy in Dakar, with Tanggahma as the ambassador.
3170:
2251:
1856:
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856:
211:
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1961:
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2903:
2744:
2725:
495:
300:. Supporters routinely display the Morning Star flag and other symbols of Papuan unity, such as the national anthem "
1753:
767:
banned by numerous countries and international organizations. This was however denied by the Indonesian government.
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848:
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67:
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4240:
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5033:
4988:
4245:
4066:
3527:
2013:
2562:"'A safe and peaceful life is impossible for us': Story of children of Papua independence fighters (Part 1/2)"
1767:
874:
On 3 April 2023, four Indonesian soldiers died and another five suffered gunshot injuries in an attack led by
5434:
are listed above. This does not imply that all nationalists with a given ethnicity subscribe to that form of
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3998:
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4978:
4076:
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3517:
3412:
3340:
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3222:
3186:
3154:
1366:"Memorandum From the Assistant Secretary of State for European Affairs (Kohler) to Secretary of State Rusk"
386:
130:
5108:
855:
with Indonesian police and military treatment of Papuans. TPNPB-OPM claimed Russian government support of
728:
In December 2012, an Australian would-be mercenary, who was trained by a military/police security firm in
4745:
3968:
3918:
3564:
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1676:
859:
as justified, and claimed that both Indonesia and Ukraine are "capitalist puppets" of the United States.
308:, which had been adopted in the period 1961 until Indonesian administration began in May 1963 under the
5103:
4983:
4014:
3454:
3025:
2893:
864:
Papuan separatists attacked and set fire to a plane, after taking the pilot and five passengers hostage
5504:
5464:
4277:
3973:
1513:"New York Times, Papuans at U.N. score Indonesia, Lobbyists asking nations to insure fair plebiscite"
1297:
5063:
4785:
1387:
1365:
1343:
851:, claiming alleged similarity of Ukrainian police and military treatment of the Russian minority as
5380:
5038:
4842:
3754:
2369:"NZ pilot freed after being held hostage by armed rebels in Indonesia's Papua region for 19 months"
1088:
667:
In July 1998, the OPM raised their independence flag at the Kota Biak water tower on the island of
524:
by the article 1962 New York Agreement. The result was a consensus for integration into Indonesia.
500:
2630:"The West Papuan Challenge to Indonesian Authority in Irian Jaya: Old Problems, New Possibilities"
1000:
The internal organisation of OPM is difficult to determine. In 1996 OPM's 'Supreme Commander' was
747:
On 1 December 2018, an armed group with ties to OPM kidnapped 25 civilian construction workers in
671:. They stayed there for the following few days before the Indonesian Military broke up the group.
5524:
4822:
4294:
4198:
4109:
4024:
3903:
2952:
2116:"Indonesian military describes reports of chemical weapon attacks on West Papuans as 'fake news'"
1027:
Of those regional commanders, Mathias Wenda was the commander for region II (Jayapura â Wamena),
813:
544:, planned to announce Papuan Independence in 1971. On 1 July 1971 Roemkorem and Prai declared a "
366:
337:
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resisted Japanese control and were allies with the American and Australian forces during the
282:
123:
2304:"'Our new target is all foreigners': Papuan rebels' warning after taking Kiwi pilot hostage"
1701:
5519:
5299:
5098:
4947:
4907:
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4725:
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610:
377:
and subsequently declared independence as the Republic of Indonesia on 17 August 1945. The
3242:
2694:
2457:"KKB Papua Punya Tiga Sayap Militer, Damianus Magai Yogi Klaim Sebagai Panglima Tertinggi"
1536:
8:
5349:
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4619:
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4554:
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4083:
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4019:
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3913:
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3433:
3330:
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449:
321:
242:
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4299:
4177:
4145:
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4041:
3908:
3816:
3774:
3680:
3670:
3665:
3644:
3627:
3587:
3355:
3345:
3283:
3268:
3102:
3076:
3040:
2937:
2898:
2862:
2771:
2681:
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1083:
597:
516:
512:
464:
437:
390:
309:
254:
5028:
2586:
1938:
5410:
5395:
5189:
4877:
4569:
4518:
4474:
4335:
4272:
4104:
4071:
3876:
3868:
3769:
3706:
3545:
3380:
3237:
3055:
2740:
2721:
2322:
1887:"Trained by a baron and backed by Bambi, now West Papua 'freedom fighter' faces jail"
1865:
1852:
1655:
1627:
1435:
1225:
1206:
1064:
817:
520:
463:
to get the administration of West New Guinea transferred to Indonesia. The resulting
354:
301:
293:
56:
2717:
Poisoned Arrows: An Investigative Journey to the Forbidden Territories of West Papua
1457:
261:
administration. The territory is currently divided into six Indonesian provinces of
5324:
5133:
5013:
4528:
4508:
4124:
4119:
4051:
4031:
3925:
3853:
3821:
3701:
3617:
3050:
3030:
2838:
2763:
2673:
2644:
883:
782:
760:
633:
588:
565:
441:
328:) in Indonesia, and its activities have incurred charges of treason and terrorism.
270:
147:
143:
111:
2547:
1491:"Protest and Punishment Political Prisoners in Papua Report by Human Rights Watch"
691:
was featured on an undercover report about the West Papuan independence movement.
62:
19:
For political independence United Liberation Movement for West Papua (ULMWP), see
5304:
5274:
4799:
4208:
4114:
3951:
3207:
2978:
794:
764:
471:
and signed by the Netherlands and Indonesia before being approved subject to the
460:
278:
151:
119:
5354:
2754:
van der Kroef, Justus M (August 1968). "West New Guinea: The Uncertain Future".
2476:"Ngamuk Atas Klaim Komnas HAM Temui Panglima OPM, TPNPB: Mereka Menjaring Angin"
652:
5259:
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3501:
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3396:
3212:
1661:
1512:
1044:
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684:
533:
508:
sympathy with the Free Papua cause or at least intensely dislike Indonesians".
491:
468:
456:
297:
266:
204:
105:
2343:"Rebels in Indonesia's Papua say images show abducted NZ pilot in good health"
1490:
1111:"Dukung Rusia Serbu Ukraina, TPNPB-OPM Kecam Amerika dan Indonesia - Nasional"
5453:
4902:
4897:
4852:
4847:
4827:
4150:
3826:
3320:
2829:
1582:
1210:
1040:
1005:
1001:
963:
879:
748:
664:. Two hostages from the former group were killed and the rest were released.
537:
410:
262:
101:
2664:
Bertrand, Jacques (May 1997). ""Business as Usual" in Suharto's Indonesia".
5431:
5319:
5169:
4932:
4917:
4887:
4857:
4817:
3263:
2794:
1410:"U.S. Dept. of State Foreign Relations, 1961â63, Vol XXIII, Southeast Asia"
1028:
661:
362:
342:
1270:
292:
Since its inception, the OPM has attempted diplomatic dialogue, conducted
5390:
5359:
5339:
5219:
5174:
5128:
4957:
4942:
4937:
4872:
4812:
4289:
4162:
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3273:
3035:
1197:
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672:
641:
406:
394:
374:
274:
115:
5405:
5249:
5179:
3675:
3637:
3299:
3138:
2834:
2775:
2685:
2656:
1558:
1537:"National Security Archive at George Washington University, Document 8"
1078:
722:
560:
541:
504:
421:
317:
138:
79:
2428:"Five TNI Soldiers still Sought for After a Shooting Contact in Nduga"
5309:
5294:
5284:
5279:
5224:
5209:
4498:
3622:
3556:
1849:
The Markets for Force: Privatization of Security Across World Regions
1827:"Doubts grow of OPM responsibility for Puncak Jaya aircraft shooting"
1162:
790:
402:
382:
381:(Western New Guinea, then a part of the Netherlands East Indies) and
313:
258:
225:
194:
2767:
2677:
2648:
1846:
781:
Fresh protests began on 19 August 2019 and mainly took place across
296:-raising ceremonies, and undertaken militant actions as part of the
51:
5269:
5194:
5068:
4952:
3247:
2994:
2503:"In Papua Fighting, Indonesian Forces Claim Rebel Commander Killed"
1137:"Libyan terrorism: the case against Gaddafi. - Free Online Library"
995:
867:
843:
On 5 March 2022, Sebby Sambom, a TPNPB-OPM spokesperson, alongside
806:
786:
632:, apparently supported by the OPM, into camps across the border in
625:
425:
5334:
3370:
2278:"New Zealand pilot taken hostage in Indonesia, rebel group claims"
2226:"No breakthrough in hostage Kiwi pilot talks held by Papua rebels"
2064:"US intelligence classified white phosphorus as 'chemical weapon'"
1727:
Saragih, Bagus BT Saragih; Dharma Somba, Nethy (25 October 2011).
1656:
Bishop, R. Doak; Crawford, James; William Michael Reisman (2005).
5344:
5314:
5264:
5254:
5159:
4912:
4862:
3881:
3790:
3365:
3350:
3009:
2999:
1432:"Charter of the United Nations, International Trusteeship System"
1017:
825:
821:
729:
629:
370:
828:
bureau described the unrest as "Papua's most serious in years".
5214:
5199:
5164:
5154:
3217:
802:
798:
740:
593:
2039:"Istana Buka Suara Soal Dugaan Surat Terbuka OPM untuk Jokowi"
1344:"Memorandum From Secretary of State Rusk to President Kennedy"
5364:
3202:
2399:"TNI Denies 9 Soldiers Killed by Armed Group in Nduga, Papua"
2252:"Papua Separatists Burn Plane, Take N. Zealand Pilot Hostage"
1917:"Polish globe-trotter blunders into Indonesia-Papua conflict"
1658:
Foreign Investment Disputes: Cases, Materials, and Commentary
164:
1200:"The current status of the Papuan pro-independence movement"
1198:
Institute for Policy Analysis of Conflict (24 August 2015).
289:
whilst striving for international support for independence.
2737:
Indonesia's Secret War: The Guerilla Struggle in Irian Jaya
2198:"Indonesian intelligence official shot dead in Papua: Army"
2168:"Indonesia urges calm in Papua after two weeks of protests"
668:
285:, also formerly known as Papua, Irian Jaya and West Irian.
548:", and drafted a constitution in 'Victoria Headquarters'.
1939:"Indonesia jails Polish tourist who met Papuan activists"
1332:(in Indonesian). Jakarta: Gramedia Widiasarana Indonesia.
695:
attacks prompted deployments of more personnel to Papua.
574:
445:
416:
16:
1963âpresent separatist movement in Indonesian New Guinea
2789:
2451:
2449:
1608:"1 Desember, Sejarah Pengakuan Papua yang Dicap HUT OPM"
1178:"Indonesia Classifies Papuan Rebels as Terrorist Group"
253:) is a name given to an independence movement based on
2600:"Bergerilya 50 Tahun Jenderal Benard Mawen Tutup Usia"
894:
The Free Papua Movement has many armed wings, namely:
312:. Beginning in 2021, the movement is considered as a "
2587:
Indonesia police 'kill' Papua separatist Kelly Kwalik
2446:
2426:
SAPTOWALYONO, DIAN DEWI PURNAMASARI (18 April 2023).
527:
257:, seeking secession of the territory currently under
1271:"Report on Netherlands New Guinea for the year 1961"
1054:
785:
in response to the arrests of 43 Papuan students in
751:
regency, Papua. The following day, the group killed
734:
Crimes (Foreign Incursions and Recruitment) Act 1978
2090:"Indonesia denies use of chemical weapons in Papua"
1726:
1158:"Label Teroris untuk KKB Papua Akhirnya Jadi Nyata"
2533:
2302:Rompies, Chris Barrett, Karuni (8 February 2023).
2276:Teresia, Kate Lamb and Ananda (7 February 2023).
712:Free West Papua protest in Melbourne, August 2012
5451:
2628:Bell, Ian; Feith, Herb; Hatley, Ron (May 1986).
2014:"Blood on the tracks of Widodo's Papuan highway"
996:Organisational hierarchy and governing authority
587:Starting from 1976, officials at mining company
37:
2627:
2592:
2467:
1358:
1105:
1103:
836:On 25 April 2021, Special Forces major-general
2143:"Daftar Nama 31 Korban Tewas Kerusuhan Wamena"
2134:
1824:
1677:"Filep Karma and the fight for Papua's future"
1599:
1380:
494:, member of the New Guinea Council and of the
3572:
2815:
2753:
2720:(2nd ed.). Devon, England: Green Books.
1962:"Papua massPapua mass killing: What happened"
1847:Dunigan, Molly and Petersohn, Ulrich (2015),
2425:
2327:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1959:
1902:"Granddad mercenary admits to arms training"
1870:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1559:"New York Times interview July 5, 1969"
1100:
656:Free West Papua protest in Netherlands, 2008
444:there was a desire for Indonesia to release
2849:List of active separatist movements in Asia
1960:Tehusijarana, Karina M. (7 December 2018).
1321:
1263:
440:was inaugurated in April 1961. However, in
5430:: Forms of nationalism based primarily on
5074:Muslim Independence Movement (Philippines)
3579:
3565:
2822:
2808:
1402:
2554:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2494:
1651:
1649:
1605:
1205:. IPAC Report No.21. Jakarta, Indonesia.
1073:United Liberation Movement for West Papua
564:Free Papua Movement graffiti in Sentani,
21:United Liberation Movement for West Papua
2663:
1336:
707:
651:
559:
341:
5490:Organizations based in Papua (province)
2734:
2713:
2396:
2301:
2275:
1981:
1979:
1674:
1327:
1250:
910:Tentara Pembebasan Nasional Papua Barat
770:
619:Association of South East Asian Nations
5452:
5034:Galician independence movement (Spain)
3586:
2520:
2473:
2160:
2011:
1914:
1646:
1458:"17th session of the General Assembly"
1330:Pemberontakan Organisasi Papua Merdeka
1244:
1193:
1191:
515:oversaw the design and conduct of the
5084:Patani United Liberation Organisation
5054:Inner Mongolian independence movement
3560:
2803:
2692:
2421:
2419:
2392:
2390:
2220:
2218:
2141:Purba, John Roy (26 September 2019).
2140:
1915:Wright, Stephen (25 September 2018).
1899:
1884:
1152:
1150:
683:In 2009, an OPM command group led by
5079:National Liberation Front of Corsica
5004:East Turkestan independence movement
2500:
2474:Rohmat, Rohmat (11 September 2022).
1976:
1303:University of Maryland, College Park
1987:"Chemical weapons dropped on Papua"
1702:"Papua's struggle for independence"
1251:Lintner, Bertil (22 January 2009).
1188:
899:West Papua National Liberation Army
13:
5485:Secessionist organizations in Asia
2621:
2416:
2397:Arkyasa, Mahinda (17 April 2023).
2387:
2215:
1606:Indonesia, CNN (1 December 2021).
1390:. History.state.gov. 24 April 1961
1285:
1147:
528:Republic of West Papua Declaration
503:, the Indonesian Foreign Minister
420:]" Originally the group was a
14:
5536:
5510:Organizations established in 1965
2783:
1675:Chauvel, Richard (6 April 2011).
1253:"Papuans Try to Keep Cause Alive"
1004:. An OPM spokesperson in Sydney,
369:(later Indonesia) were guided by
5515:1965 establishments in Indonesia
2693:Evans, Julian (24 August 1996).
2174:. 30 August 2019. Archived from
2012:McBeth, John (5 December 2018).
1057:
849:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
838:I Gusti Putu Danny Karya Nugraha
812:In response to the rioting, the
624:In 1984 OPM staged an attack on
477:General Assembly resolution 1752
218:
187:
163:
61:
50:
5185:Basque Country (greater region)
5044:Guangdong Independence Movement
2580:
2361:
2335:
2295:
2269:
2244:
2190:
2108:
2082:
2056:
2031:
2005:
1953:
1931:
1908:
1893:
1878:
1840:
1825:westpapuamedia (9 April 2012).
1818:
1810:(in Indonesian). Archived from
1800:
1784:(in Indonesian). Archived from
1774:
1760:
1746:
1720:
1694:
1668:
1575:
1551:
1529:
1505:
1483:
1472:
1450:
1424:
1255:. Jakarta Globe. Archived from
831:
753:19 of the workers and a soldier
678:
212:Designated as a terrorist group
4989:Assyrian independence movement
1941:. Associated Press. 2 May 2019
1885:Oakes, Dan (7 December 2012).
1851:, University of Pennsylvania,
1170:
1129:
942:) led by Damianus Magai Yogi.
793:for alleged disrespect of the
459:began to lobby U.S. President
326:Kelompok Teroris dan Separatis
92:1 December 1963 â present
1:
5495:History of Western New Guinea
5124:Vojvodina Autonomist Movement
5119:Tibetan independence movement
5049:Hawaiian sovereignty movement
5009:Faroese independence movement
4994:Catalan independence movement
2739:. Sydney: Allen & Unwin.
2695:"Last stand of Stone Age man"
1770:(in Indonesian). August 2011.
1583:"Interview May 10, 1969"
1117:(in Indonesian). 5 March 2022
1094:
946:West Papua Revolutionary Army
889:
555:
511:Indonesian Brigadier General
473:Charter of the United Nations
5205:Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
5114:Taiwan independence movement
5089:Ryukyu independence movement
4999:Champa independence movement
4979:Alsace independence movement
1904:. The Sydney Morning Herald.
1889:. The Sydney Morning Herald.
1729:"Police hunt for OPM rebels"
1166:(in Indonesian). April 2021.
982:Tentara Nasional Papua Barat
424:spiritual movement based in
385:administered territories of
7:
5069:Mapuche separatist movement
2534:van Klinken, Gerry (1996).
1900:Oakes, Dan (10 July 2013).
1493:. Hrw.org. 21 February 2007
1328:Djopari, John R.G. (1993).
1293:"Free Papua Movement (OPM)"
1050:
1035:The armed military wing of
956:Tentara Revolusi West Papua
10:
5541:
5104:Silesian Autonomy Movement
4984:Assam separatist movements
4139:Northern & Middle Asia
2589:BBC News, 16 December 2009
1479:Text of New York Agreement
774:
675:was among those arrested.
335:
331:
18:
5475:Rebel groups in Indonesia
5421:
5373:
5147:
5109:Székely autonomy movement
4971:
4798:
4763:
4718:
4648:
4607:
4589:
4582:
4537:
4494:
4487:
4462:
4426:
4398:
4391:
4318:
4228:
4221:
4186:
4138:
4092:
4007:
3934:
3846:
3839:
3804:
3783:
3742:
3735:
3715:
3694:
3658:
3610:
3603:
3594:
3538:
3510:
3494:
3463:
3447:
3421:
3405:
3389:
3308:
3292:
3256:
3195:
3179:
3163:
3147:
3121:
3090:
3069:
3018:
2987:
2971:
2912:
2881:
2855:
2846:
2714:Monbiot, George (2003) .
1782:"Suararpembaruan article"
1298:Global Terrorism Database
454:National Security Advisor
210:
200:
182:
158:
129:
96:
86:
75:
47:
35:
30:
5039:Greenlandic independence
1434:. Un.org. Archived from
1089:Mapenduma hostage crisis
971:West Papua National Army
647:
603:
582:
536:and two OPM commanders,
247:Organisasi Papua Merdeka
39:Organisasi Papua Merdeka
5480:Separatism in Indonesia
2735:Osborne, Robin (1985).
857:pro-Russian separatists
814:government of Indonesia
432:Netherlands New Guinea
367:Netherlands East Indies
338:West New Guinea dispute
239:Free Papua Organization
5460:Independence movements
5064:MÄori protest movement
1141:www.thefreelibrary.com
981:
955:
935:
909:
713:
657:
579:
546:Republic of West Papua
479:on 21 September 1962.
436:in January 1961 and a
379:Netherlands New Guinea
373:to supply oil for the
358:
347:Bendera Bintang Kejora
325:
246:
38:
5500:New Order (Indonesia)
5470:West Papua (province)
5094:Scottish independence
5059:Kashubian Association
4781:Indigenous Australian
2839:stateless nationalism
2501:Strangio, Sebastian.
1754:"Antara News article"
1043:, Papua is headed by
916:) (TPNPB-OPM) led by
711:
655:
563:
538:Seth Jafeth Roemkorem
345:
306:national coat of arms
5300:Marathi Abhimaangeet
5099:Siberian regionalism
2795:FAS.org: OPM listing
2178:on 15 September 2019
771:2019 Papuan protests
739:On 26 April 2018, a
611:Non-Aligned Movement
609:United Nations, The
484:Resolution 1514 (XV)
5391:American Indigenous
5024:Free Papua Movement
4434:Balkar and Karachay
4229:Southeastern Europe
3760:Indigenous Canadian
3316:Balkar and Karachay
2375:. 21 September 2024
1808:"Viva News article"
1664:. pp. 609â611.
1368:. History.state.gov
1346:. History.state.gov
936:Tentara Papua Barat
777:2019 Papua protests
702:from West Sumatra.
689:Puncak Jaya Regency
615:South Pacific Forum
375:Japanese war effort
235:Free Papua Movement
97:Active regions
31:Free Papua Movement
5436:ethnic nationalism
5139:Welsh independence
5019:Free Aceh Movement
4251:in North Macedonia
4093:South-eastern Asia
3588:Ethnic nationalism
2948:Southern Mongolian
2606:. 17 November 2018
2349:. 15 February 2023
2122:. 23 December 2018
2096:. 24 December 2018
2070:. 23 November 2005
1993:. 22 December 2018
1991:The Saturday Paper
1964:. The Jakarta Post
1919:. Associated Press
1638:has generic name (
1236:has generic name (
1084:Self-determination
1006:John Otto Ondawame
824:reporter from the
714:
658:
589:Freeport Indonesia
580:
542:Jacob Hendrik Prai
517:Act of Free Choice
496:National Committee
465:New York Agreement
438:New Guinea Council
391:British New Guinea
359:
310:New York Agreement
255:Western New Guinea
136:Papuan nationalism
110:less prominent in
88:Dates of operation
80:Jacob Hendrik Prai
5447:
5446:
5190:Catalan Countries
4794:
4793:
4759:
4758:
4714:
4713:
4578:
4577:
4483:
4482:
4217:
4216:
3835:
3834:
3731:
3730:
3554:
3553:
3113:South Azerbaijani
2568:. 31 January 2022
2536:"OPM information"
2463:. 5 January 2023.
2202:www.aljazeera.com
1814:on 11 April 2012.
1259:on 1 August 2013.
1065:New Guinea portal
820:in the region. A
818:internet blackout
521:one man, one vote
490:In October 1968,
355:Morning Star flag
302:Hai Tanahku Papua
294:Morning Star flag
231:
230:
178:
100:Predominantly in
5532:
5505:Post-Suharto era
5465:Papua (province)
5440:
5325:Republika Srpska
5134:Walloon Movement
5014:Flemish Movement
4587:
4586:
4492:
4491:
4396:
4395:
4226:
4225:
3844:
3843:
3740:
3739:
3608:
3607:
3601:
3600:
3581:
3574:
3567:
3558:
3557:
3531:
3486:Western Armenian
3171:North Kazakhstan
2873:South Turkestani
2824:
2817:
2810:
2801:
2800:
2779:
2750:
2731:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2689:
2660:
2634:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2596:
2590:
2584:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2566:West Papua Daily
2558:
2552:
2551:
2546:. Archived from
2540:Inside Indonesia
2531:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2498:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2453:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2423:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2394:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2339:
2333:
2332:
2326:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2248:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2222:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2112:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2094:The Jakarta Post
2086:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2009:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1983:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1935:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1897:
1891:
1890:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1869:
1861:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1788:on 1 August 2013
1778:
1772:
1771:
1768:"Berita article"
1764:
1758:
1757:
1756:(in Indonesian).
1750:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1733:The Jakarta Post
1724:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1653:
1644:
1643:
1637:
1633:
1631:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1587:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1563:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1517:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1487:
1481:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1305:. Archived from
1289:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1235:
1231:
1229:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1204:
1195:
1186:
1185:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1154:
1145:
1144:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1107:
1067:
1062:
1061:
1060:
990:Fernando Worobay
783:Indonesian Papua
761:white phosphorus
634:Papua New Guinea
613:of Nations, The
442:Washington, D.C.
414:Alone! [
224:
222:
221:
201:Battles and wars
193:
191:
190:
172:
168:
167:
148:Anti-imperialism
144:Anti-colonialism
89:
65:
54:
43:
41:
28:
27:
5540:
5539:
5535:
5534:
5533:
5531:
5530:
5529:
5450:
5449:
5448:
5443:
5425:
5417:
5369:
5305:Northern Epirus
5275:Ketuanan Melayu
5143:
5029:Future of Ă
land
4967:
4903:Native American
4800:Pan-nationalism
4790:
4755:
4719:Northern Europe
4710:
4644:
4603:
4583:Southern Europe
4574:
4533:
4479:
4458:
4422:
4387:
4314:
4213:
4182:
4134:
4088:
4003:
3930:
3831:
3800:
3779:
3770:Native American
3727:
3716:Southern Africa
3711:
3690:
3654:
3596:
3590:
3585:
3555:
3550:
3534:
3525:
3506:
3490:
3459:
3443:
3417:
3401:
3385:
3304:
3288:
3252:
3191:
3175:
3159:
3143:
3117:
3086:
3065:
3014:
2983:
2979:Turkish Cypriot
2967:
2908:
2877:
2851:
2842:
2828:
2786:
2768:10.2307/2642586
2747:
2728:
2704:
2702:
2678:10.2307/2645520
2649:10.2307/2644481
2632:
2624:
2622:Further reading
2619:
2609:
2607:
2598:
2597:
2593:
2585:
2581:
2571:
2569:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2550:on 8 July 2007.
2532:
2521:
2511:
2509:
2499:
2495:
2485:
2483:
2482:(in Indonesian)
2472:
2468:
2455:
2454:
2447:
2437:
2435:
2434:(in Indonesian)
2424:
2417:
2407:
2405:
2395:
2388:
2378:
2376:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2352:
2350:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2320:
2319:
2312:
2310:
2300:
2296:
2286:
2284:
2274:
2270:
2260:
2258:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2235:
2233:
2224:
2223:
2216:
2206:
2204:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2181:
2179:
2166:
2165:
2161:
2151:
2149:
2139:
2135:
2125:
2123:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2099:
2097:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2073:
2071:
2068:The Independent
2062:
2061:
2057:
2047:
2045:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2022:
2020:
2010:
2006:
1996:
1994:
1985:
1984:
1977:
1967:
1965:
1958:
1954:
1944:
1942:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1922:
1920:
1913:
1909:
1898:
1894:
1883:
1879:
1863:
1862:
1859:
1858:978-081224686-5
1845:
1841:
1831:
1829:
1823:
1819:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1791:
1789:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1737:
1735:
1725:
1721:
1711:
1709:
1708:. 13 March 2009
1700:
1699:
1695:
1685:
1683:
1673:
1669:
1654:
1647:
1635:
1634:
1625:
1624:
1617:
1615:
1614:(in Indonesian)
1604:
1600:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1557:
1556:
1552:
1542:
1540:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1496:
1494:
1489:
1488:
1484:
1477:
1473:
1463:
1461:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1441:
1439:
1438:on 12 July 2014
1430:
1429:
1425:
1415:
1413:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1393:
1391:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1371:
1369:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1349:
1347:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1326:
1322:
1312:
1310:
1309:on 23 June 2012
1291:
1290:
1286:
1276:
1274:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1249:
1245:
1233:
1232:
1223:
1222:
1215:
1213:
1202:
1196:
1189:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1156:
1155:
1148:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1120:
1118:
1109:
1108:
1101:
1097:
1063:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1016:this time, the
998:
925:West Papua Army
892:
834:
816:implemented an
795:Indonesian flag
779:
773:
765:chemical weapon
681:
650:
606:
585:
558:
530:
467:was drafted by
461:John F. Kennedy
340:
334:
320:Organisation" (
279:Southwest Papua
219:
217:
188:
186:
162:
154:
152:Anti-capitalism
150:
146:
142:
137:
120:Southwest Papua
109:
87:
71:
70:
66:
59:
55:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5538:
5528:
5527:
5525:Papua conflict
5522:
5517:
5512:
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5260:Karakalpakstan
5257:
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5240:East Turkestan
5237:
5232:
5227:
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5217:
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4535:
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4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4495:
4489:
4488:Western Europe
4485:
4484:
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4477:
4472:
4466:
4464:
4460:
4459:
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4427:North Caucasus
4424:
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4405:
4399:
4393:
4392:Eastern Europe
4389:
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4365:
4360:
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4328:
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4319:Central Europe
4316:
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4307:
4302:
4300:Romani (Gypsy)
4297:
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4187:South Caucasus
4184:
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4175:
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4165:
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4159:
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4156:South Mongolia
4148:
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2792:
2785:
2784:External links
2782:
2781:
2780:
2762:(8): 691â707.
2751:
2745:
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2711:
2690:
2672:(5): 441â452.
2661:
2643:(5): 539â556.
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2461:POS-KUPANG.com
2445:
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2243:
2232:. 19 June 2024
2214:
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2081:
2055:
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2018:www.atimes.com
2004:
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1892:
1877:
1857:
1839:
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1645:
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1052:
1049:
1045:Egianus Kogoya
997:
994:
984:; abbreviated
974:
973:
958:; abbreviated
948:
947:
938:; abbreviated
928:
927:
918:Goliath Tabuni
912:; abbreviated
902:
901:
891:
888:
876:Egianus Kogoya
847:supported the
845:Terianus Satto
833:
830:
775:Main article:
772:
769:
685:Goliath Tabuni
680:
677:
649:
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605:
602:
584:
581:
557:
554:
534:Nicolaas Jouwe
529:
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492:Nicolaas Jouwe
475:article 85 in
469:Robert Kennedy
457:McGeorge Bundy
434:held elections
351:Morgenstervlag
333:
330:
298:Papua conflict
267:Highland Papua
229:
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215:
208:
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205:Papua conflict
202:
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184:
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141:from Indonesia
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5432:ethnic groups
5429:
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5412:
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5399:
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5381:Local (China)
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5268:
5266:
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5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5245:Herzeg-Bosnia
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
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5218:
5216:
5213:
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4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4026:
4025:in Bangladesh
4023:
4022:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4008:Southern Asia
4006:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
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3972:
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3809:
3807:
3805:South America
3803:
3797:
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3792:
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3788:
3786:
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3776:
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3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
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3747:
3745:
3743:North America
3741:
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3720:
3718:
3714:
3708:
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3703:
3700:
3699:
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3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3609:
3606:
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3479:
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3476:Eastern Greek
3474:
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3341:Crimean Tatar
3339:
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2757:
2752:
2748:
2746:9780868615196
2742:
2738:
2733:
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2727:9781903998274
2723:
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2696:
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2338:
2330:
2324:
2309:
2305:
2298:
2283:
2279:
2272:
2257:
2256:Jakarta Globe
2253:
2247:
2231:
2227:
2221:
2219:
2203:
2199:
2193:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2163:
2148:
2144:
2137:
2121:
2117:
2111:
2095:
2091:
2085:
2069:
2065:
2059:
2044:
2040:
2034:
2019:
2015:
2008:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1980:
1963:
1956:
1940:
1934:
1918:
1911:
1903:
1896:
1888:
1881:
1873:
1867:
1860:
1854:
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1843:
1828:
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1787:
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1508:
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1437:
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1411:
1405:
1389:
1383:
1367:
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1345:
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1239:
1234:|author=
1227:
1212:
1208:
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1194:
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1183:
1179:
1173:
1165:
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1106:
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1077:
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1066:
1055:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1033:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1019:
1013:
1009:
1007:
1003:
1002:Mathias Wenda
993:
991:
987:
983:
979:
972:
969:
968:
967:
965:
964:Mathias Wenda
961:
957:
953:
945:
944:
943:
941:
937:
933:
926:
923:
922:
921:
919:
915:
911:
907:
900:
897:
896:
895:
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885:
881:
877:
872:
869:
865:
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854:
850:
846:
841:
839:
829:
827:
823:
819:
815:
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800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
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768:
766:
762:
758:
754:
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742:
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735:
731:
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710:
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703:
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692:
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631:
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601:
599:
595:
590:
577:
576:
571:
567:
562:
553:
549:
547:
543:
539:
535:
532:In response,
525:
522:
518:
514:
509:
506:
502:
497:
493:
488:
485:
480:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
430:
427:
423:
419:
418:
412:
411:United States
408:
404:
398:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
356:
352:
348:
344:
339:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
290:
286:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
263:Central Papua
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
227:
216:
213:
209:
206:
203:
199:
196:
185:
181:
176:
171:
166:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
140:
134:
132:
128:
125:
121:
117:
113:
107:
103:
102:Central Papua
99:
95:
91:
85:
81:
78:
74:
69:
64:
58:
53:
46:
40:
34:
29:
26:
22:
5427:
5426:
5355:Székely Land
5320:Pashtunistan
5170:Balawaristan
5023:
4943:South Slavic
4933:Scandinavian
4463:Volga Region
4077:in Sri Lanka
3935:Eastern Asia
3796:Puerto Rican
3611:North Africa
3595:Nationalisms
3546:South Yemeni
3390:Saudi Arabia
3264:Balawaristan
3081:
2953:Shanghainese
2759:
2756:Asian Survey
2755:
2736:
2716:
2703:. Retrieved
2699:The Guardian
2698:
2669:
2666:Asian Survey
2665:
2640:
2637:Asian Survey
2636:
2608:. Retrieved
2603:
2594:
2582:
2570:. Retrieved
2565:
2556:
2548:the original
2543:
2539:
2510:. Retrieved
2507:The Diplomat
2506:
2496:
2484:. Retrieved
2479:
2469:
2460:
2436:. Retrieved
2431:
2406:. Retrieved
2402:
2379:21 September
2377:. Retrieved
2372:
2363:
2351:. Retrieved
2346:
2337:
2311:. Retrieved
2307:
2297:
2285:. Retrieved
2281:
2271:
2259:. Retrieved
2255:
2246:
2234:. Retrieved
2229:
2205:. Retrieved
2201:
2192:
2180:. Retrieved
2176:the original
2171:
2162:
2150:. Retrieved
2146:
2136:
2126:30 September
2124:. Retrieved
2119:
2110:
2100:30 September
2098:. Retrieved
2093:
2084:
2072:. Retrieved
2067:
2058:
2046:. Retrieved
2042:
2033:
2021:. Retrieved
2017:
2007:
1995:. Retrieved
1990:
1966:. Retrieved
1955:
1943:. Retrieved
1933:
1921:. Retrieved
1910:
1895:
1880:
1848:
1842:
1830:. Retrieved
1820:
1812:the original
1802:
1790:. Retrieved
1786:the original
1776:
1762:
1748:
1736:. Retrieved
1732:
1722:
1710:. Retrieved
1705:
1696:
1684:. Retrieved
1681:Inside Story
1680:
1670:
1657:
1636:|first=
1616:. Retrieved
1611:
1601:
1589:. Retrieved
1577:
1565:. Retrieved
1553:
1541:. Retrieved
1531:
1519:. Retrieved
1507:
1495:. Retrieved
1485:
1474:
1462:. Retrieved
1452:
1440:. Retrieved
1436:the original
1426:
1414:. Retrieved
1404:
1392:. Retrieved
1382:
1370:. Retrieved
1360:
1348:. Retrieved
1338:
1329:
1323:
1311:. Retrieved
1307:the original
1296:
1287:
1275:. Retrieved
1265:
1257:the original
1246:
1214:. Retrieved
1181:
1172:
1161:
1140:
1131:
1119:. Retrieved
1114:
1034:
1029:Kelly Kwalik
1026:
1022:
1014:
1010:
999:
985:
975:
959:
949:
939:
929:
913:
903:
893:
873:
861:
852:
842:
835:
832:2020âpresent
811:
780:
746:
738:
727:
719:
715:
704:
700:transmigrant
697:
693:
682:
679:2000 to 2019
666:
662:logging camp
659:
638:
623:
607:
586:
573:
569:
550:
531:
510:
489:
481:
476:
472:
431:
415:
399:
363:World War II
360:
350:
346:
291:
287:
250:
238:
234:
232:
82:(until 2022)
68:Coat of arms
25:
5520:Separatists
5360:Tamil Eelam
5340:Saraikistan
5220:Hatay State
5175:Balochistan
5129:Wallmapuwen
4823:Bangladeshi
4295:Montenegrin
4199:Azerbaijani
4163:Pan-Turkism
3904:Palestinian
3847:Middle East
3755:Greenlandic
3659:East Africa
3526: [
3293:Philippines
3082:West Papuan
2856:Afghanistan
2831:Regionalism
2604:Suara Papua
2353:15 February
2236:8 September
2048:13 December
2023:13 December
1997:23 December
1945:11 February
1923:11 February
757:Joko Widodo
725:operation.
673:Filep Karma
642:Tembagapura
513:Sarwo Edhie
407:Netherlands
395:Pacific War
275:South Papua
116:South Papua
5454:Categories
5406:Indigenous
5350:Sindhudesh
5330:Santa Cruz
5250:Hutu Power
5180:Bangsamoro
4771:Australian
4746:Lithuanian
4661:Andalusian
4439:Circassian
4403:Belarusian
4351:in Austria
4285:Macedonian
4241:in Albania
4130:Vietnamese
3964:Hongkonger
3957:chauvinist
3638:Pharaonism
3523:Montagnard
3502:Karakalpak
3495:Uzbekistan
3336:Circassian
3300:Bangsamoro
3164:Kazakhstan
3139:Turkmeneli
2882:Azerbaijan
2835:separatism
2512:4 December
2486:20 October
2313:8 February
2287:7 February
2261:7 February
2147:KOMPAS.com
1968:7 December
1412:. Wpik.org
1273:. Wpik.org
1216:24 October
1182:Benar News
1095:References
1079:Separatism
978:Indonesian
962:) led by
952:Indonesian
932:Indonesian
906:Indonesian
890:Armed wing
723:false flag
572: [
556:Activities
505:Adam Malik
450:Allen Pope
422:nonviolent
383:Australian
336:See also:
322:Indonesian
318:Separatist
283:West Papua
259:Indonesian
243:Indonesian
175:until 2011
139:Separation
124:West Papua
5310:Occitania
5295:Manchukuo
5285:Lezgistan
5280:Kurdistan
5225:Hazarajat
5210:Circassia
4972:Movements
4923:Pakistani
4898:Mongolian
4838:Congolese
4751:Norwegian
4741:Icelandic
4706:Valencian
4701:Navarrese
4686:Castilian
4666:Aragonese
4630:Sardinian
4413:Ukrainian
4383:Slovenian
4363:Hungarian
4278:in Cyprus
4258:Aromanian
4246:in Kosovo
4151:Mongolian
4067:Sinhalese
4037:Dravidian
3994:Taiwanese
3942:Cantonese
3919:in Cyprus
3889:Jordanian
3812:Argentine
3784:Caribbean
3775:Québécois
3723:Afrikaner
3406:Sri Lanka
3070:Indonesia
3041:Khalistan
3005:Javakheti
2995:Abkhazian
2958:Taiwanese
2933:Hong Kong
2923:Cantonese
2790:INFOPAPUA
2705:3 October
2432:kompas.id
2182:30 August
2074:7 October
1738:3 October
1686:3 October
1591:7 October
1567:7 October
1539:. Gwu.edu
1521:7 October
1211:974913162
1163:Detik.com
988:) led by
862:In 2023,
791:East Java
598:pipelines
596:and fuel
501:Galbraith
403:Australia
314:Terrorist
226:Indonesia
195:Indonesia
183:Opponents
5270:Katarism
5195:Chameria
5148:Projects
4953:Turanian
4948:Tunisian
4918:Oceanian
4908:Nigerian
4858:Hispanic
4853:Germanic
4843:European
4776:Hawaiian
4726:Estonian
4696:Galician
4681:Canarian
4671:Asturian
4640:Venetian
4635:Sicilian
4625:Padanian
4599:Corsican
4560:Scottish
4454:Ossetian
4373:Silesian
4356:Völkisch
4331:Bavarian
4326:Austrian
4305:Romanian
4290:Moldovan
4268:Croatian
4236:Albanian
4204:Georgian
4194:Armenian
4173:Siberian
4100:Filipino
4015:Assamese
3984:Okinawan
3969:Japanese
3899:Lebanese
3877:Diaspora
3859:Assyrian
3827:Peruvian
3736:Americas
3686:Tigrayan
3633:Egyptian
3471:Assyrian
3448:Thailand
3429:Assyrian
3376:Siberian
3366:Ossetian
3351:Karelian
3274:Kashmiri
3257:Pakistan
3238:Rohingya
3180:Malaysia
3129:Assyrian
3098:Assyrian
3046:Manipuri
3036:Kashmiri
3026:Assamese
3010:Ossetian
3000:Adjarian
2701:. London
2610:10 March
2572:10 March
2480:GATRAcom
2373:ABC News
2323:cite web
2152:10 March
2120:ABC News
2043:nasional
1866:citation
1706:BBC News
1628:cite web
1612:nasional
1460:. Un.org
1313:10 April
1226:cite web
1115:GATRAcom
1051:See also
868:Susi Air
853:genocide
807:Jayapura
787:Surabaya
630:refugees
626:Jayapura
617:and The
426:cargoism
405:and the
304:" and a
131:Ideology
5345:Silesia
5315:Ossetia
5290:Luhansk
5265:Karelia
5255:Ilirida
5235:Donetsk
5160:Assyria
4963:Ugandan
4928:Russian
4873:Iranian
4863:Iberian
4833:Chinese
4808:African
4764:Oceania
4736:Finnish
4731:Faroese
4691:Catalan
4656:Spanish
4620:Lombard
4615:Italian
4555:English
4550:Cornish
4545:British
4529:Walloon
4524:Occitan
4509:Flemish
4499:Arpitan
4470:Chuvash
4418:Yiddish
4408:Russian
4341:Frisian
4310:Serbian
4263:Bosniak
4168:Pashtun
4084:Tripuri
4057:Punjabi
4020:Bengali
3999:Tibetan
3947:Chinese
3914:Turkish
3894:Kurdish
3882:Zionism
3873:Jewish
3864:Iranian
3822:Mapuche
3817:Criollo
3791:Haitian
3750:Chicano
3695:Nigeria
3650:Sahrawi
3511:Vietnam
3481:Kurdish
3439:Turkmen
3434:Kurdish
3331:Chuvash
3326:Chechen
3321:Bashkir
3279:Pashtun
3233:Rakhine
3228:Palaung
3196:Myanmar
3187:Sarawak
3134:Kurdish
3108:Kurdish
3061:Tripuri
2988:Georgia
2963:Tibetan
2894:Kurdish
2889:Artsakh
2868:Pashtun
2841:in Asia
2776:2642586
2686:2645520
2657:2644481
2347:Reuters
2308:The Age
2282:The Age
2172:Reuters
1832:18 June
1792:4 April
1618:8 April
1543:28 June
1497:28 June
1464:28 June
1442:28 June
1416:28 June
1394:28 June
1372:28 June
1350:28 June
1277:28 June
1121:9 March
1075:(ULMWP)
1018:Senegal
826:Jakarta
822:Reuters
730:Ukraine
570:FREDHOM
371:Sukarno
361:During
332:History
76:Leaders
5401:German
5386:Racial
5230:Danzig
5215:Crimea
5200:Champa
5165:Azawad
5155:Arakan
4958:Turkic
4938:Slavic
4913:Nordic
4893:Libyan
4883:Korean
4868:Indian
4848:Finnic
4828:Celtic
4676:Basque
4594:Basque
4565:Ulster
4514:French
4504:Breton
4449:Lezgin
4444:Ingush
4378:Slovak
4368:Polish
4346:German
4222:Europe
4178:Uyghur
4146:Baloch
4062:Sindhi
4047:Meitei
4042:Hazara
3989:Ryukyu
3979:Manchu
3974:Korean
3909:Syrian
3765:Lakota
3681:Somali
3671:Amhara
3666:Acholi
3645:Kabyle
3628:Coptic
3623:Berber
3604:Africa
3464:Turkey
3455:Patani
3397:Qatifi
3361:Manchu
3356:Lezgin
3346:Ingush
3309:Russia
3269:Baloch
3218:Kokang
3208:Kachin
3155:Ryukyu
3103:Baloch
2972:Cyprus
2943:Manchu
2904:Talysh
2899:Lezgin
2863:Hazara
2774:
2743:
2724:
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