1072:
Formentin rouge, Fourmenteau rouge, Frencher, Fromente, Fromenteau, Fűszeres, Fűszeres
Tramini, Gentil Rose Aromatique, Gentil-duret rouge, Gentile blanc, Gertie, Gewuerztraminer, Gringet, Gris rouge, Haiden, Kirmizi Traminer, Klaebinger, Klaevner, Kleinbraun, Kleinwiener, Livora, Livora Cervena, Mala Dinka, Marzimmer, Mirisavi Traminac, Nature, Nature rose, Noble rose, Nuernberger Rot, Pinat Cervena, Piros Tramini, Plant Paien, Princ Cerveny, Princt Cervena, Princt Cerveny, Ranfoliza, Rosentraminer, Rotclevner, Rotedel, Roter Nuerberger, Roter Nuernberger, Roter Traminer, Rotfranken, Rothklauser, Rothweiner, Rothwiener, Rotklaevler, Rotklaevner, Rotklevner, Rousselet, Runziva, Rusa, Ruska, Ryvola, Salvagnin, Sauvagnin, Savagnin, Savagnin jaune, Savagnin Rosa Aromatique, Savagnin rose, Savagnin Rose Aromatique, Savagnin Rose Musque, St. Klauser, Termeno Aromatico, Tramín červený (
241:
158:
2412:
2120:
666:
506:
36:
400:
856:
492:, where Gewürz (spice) was added to its name – presumably this was when one of the mutations happened. The longer name was first used in Alsace (then under German rule) in the 1870's (. It is not clear what this name change represents, as it seems too great a coincidence that the musqué mutation happened just after the arrival of the great
457:
With these convoluted genetics happening in the area that has been the front line for a millennium of wars in Europe, it is maybe not surprising that vines have been misnamed. Given that the wine made from 'Gewürztraminer' in
Germany can be much less aromatic than that in Alsace, some of the German
1066:
Genetic instability means that the
Traminers should be regarded as a family of related clones, rather than distinct varieties. Thus DNA analysis will probably reveal that the following names are not synonymous. It gets even worse when it comes to Gewürztraminer, as Geilweilerhof, being Germans, see
918:
Germany has about 10 square kilometres of the variety, but it is very different from that of their neighbours across the Rhine. As suggested above much of their "Gewürztraminer" is probably Red
Traminer. The Germans go for a relatively dry style, that tries to subdue the natural flamboyance of the
1057:
Gewürztraminer is especially sensitive to both soil and climate. The vine grows vigorously, but it does not do well in chalky soils and is very susceptible to disease. It buds early, so is very susceptible to frost, needs dry and warm summers, and ripens erratically and late. Its natural sweetness
1071:
Auvernas rouge, Blanc brun, Blanc Court, Bon blanc, Christkindeltraube, Christkindlestraube, Clevener, Clevner, Crevena Ruziva, Crovena Ruzica, Dišeči
Traminec, Dreimaenner, Dreimannen, Dreipfennigholz, Drumin, Drumin Ljbora, Duret rouge, Edeltraube, Fermentin rouge, Fleischroth, Fleischweiner,
788:
Australian Gewürztraminer is more notable for its occasional use of old names like
Traminer Musqué and Gentil Rose Aromatique than the actual quality of the wines. However recently those from the country's coolest regions can be fine examples. These include Gewürztraminers from the
1058:
means that in hot climates it does not have enough acidity to balance the huge amounts of sugar, and picking early to retain the acidity means that the varietal aromas do not develop. These aromas may be further diluted by overcropping in an attempt to overcome the low yields.
952:
Even though the volumes produced remain tiny, Gewürztraminer is more and more popular in New
Zealand. Around 200 hectares are being grown today, including 70ha in Marlborough, 54ha in Hawke's Bay, 19ha in Gisborne, 18ha in North Canterbury and 10ha in Central Otago.
340:). Gewürztraminer is a variety with a pink to red skin colour, which makes it a "white wine grape" as opposed to the blue to black-skinned varieties commonly referred to as "red wine grapes". The variety has high natural sugar and the wines are white and usually
1084:), Traminac Mirisavi Crveni, Traminac Sivi, Traminec, Traminer, Traminer Aromatico, Traminer Epice, Traminer Musque, Traminer Parfume, Traminer rosa, Traminer Rose Aromatique, Traminer Rot, Traminer Rozovyi, Tramini Piros and Trammener.
496:
epidemic. More likely, an existing mutant was selected for grafting onto phylloxera-resistant rootstocks when the vineyards were replanted. In 1973 the name
Traminer was discontinued in Alsace except for in the Heiligenstein area.
442:
Frankisch in
Austria, Gringet in Savoie, Heida in Switzerland, Formentin in Hungary and Grumin from Bohemia are all very similar to Savagnin blanc and probably represent clones of the Traminer family, if not Traminer itself. The
931:
in northeastern Italy. Whether the Gewürz- mutant originated there or not is an open question, but it is certainly grown there today. What is certain is that the name "Traminer" derives from the town of
458:
vines may well be misidentified
Savagnin Rose. The Baden vineyard of Durbach claims its own type of Red Traminer called Durbacher Clevner (not to be confused with "Klevner", an Austrian synonym for
1067:
no difference between it and Red Traminer – and some of the names look like they belong to the original green-skinned Traminer/Savagnin blanc. Still, with those caveats, here they are:
379:
The German name Gewürztraminer literally means "Spice Traminer" or "Perfumed Traminer", and is attested in Germany from the 16th century. This grape variety is a mutation of the
873:
813:. The Macedon Ranges, just north of Melbourne, has a cold climate and volcanic soils, much suited to production of Gewürztraminer. (Macedon Ranges Vignerons Association.)
454:('muscat-like') mutation in the Red Traminer/Savagnin rose then led to the extra-aromatic Gewürztraminer, although in Germany these names are all regarded as synonymous.
1154:
906:
As mentioned above, around Heiligenstein there is a grape known as Klevener de Heiligenstein, which is a Red Traminer (Savagnin Rose) and not a true Gewürz; the
450:
At some point, either Traminer or Savagnin blanc mutated into a form with pink-skinned berries, called Red Traminer or Savagnin rose. Galet believed that a
872:, where it is the second most planted grape variety and the one most characteristic of the region. It grows better in the south of the region. Styles of
213:
Alsace, Germany, Northeast Italy, Macedonia, New Zealand, Switzerland, USA, Canada, Southern Australia, Somontano in Spain, Stellenbosch in South Africa.
645:
hills located in the south Moravia). The grape variety is pink-skinned, earlier, more productive and of a finer traminer-like aroma. Pálava is grown in
533:
1344:
Information and Coordination Centre for Biological Diversity (IBV) of the Federal Agency for Agriculture and Food (BLE), Deichmanns Aue 29, 53179
608:
604:
1114:
Ong, Peter K. C.; Acree, Terry E. (1999). "Similarities in the Aroma Chemistry of Gewürztraminer Variety Wines and Lychee (Litchi chinesis
1279:
328:; although this is never the case in German, because "Gewürz" means "herb" or "spice"). In English and French it is usually written
100:
2346:
72:
596:. Traminette is more cold-tolerant than the original, while maintaining most of the desirable taste and aroma characteristics.
928:
1305:
1271:
1239:
1188:
226:
2168:
79:
2442:
463:
435:
in the Jura. More recently it has been suggested that Savagnin blanc acquired slight differences in its leaf shape and
356:. Dry Gewürztraminers may also have aromas of roses, passion fruit and floral notes. It is not uncommon to notice some
431:
Pierre Galet thought that Traminer was identical to the green-skinned Savagnin blanc (not Sauvignon blanc) that makes
53:
1430:
581:, which is grown a little in California and New Zealand – in the latter it was mistaken for a late-ripening clone of
119:
86:
1251:
Bleisch, B.I.; R.M. Pool; W.B. Robinson; T. Henick-Kling; B.K. Gavitt; J.P. Watson; M.H. Martens; R.S. Luce (1996).
481:
may represent an outpost of the Durbach vines. They are often described as a less aromatic form of Gewürztraminer.
415:. The story starts with the ancient Traminer variety, a green-skinned grape that takes its name from the village of
1405:
513:
The Germans have tried hard to breed the flavours of Gewürztraminer into vines that are easier to grow. In 1932,
1719:
68:
1886:
1339:
208:
57:
2452:
2372:
1252:
878:
829:
900:
2377:
1034:
364:
933:
416:
2297:
2264:
2093:
790:
274:, and which performs best in cooler climates. In English, it is sometimes referred to colloquially as
2387:
2277:
907:
845:
474:
887:
house style to the very sweet. The variety's high natural sugar means that it is popular for making
2382:
2161:
2103:
2032:
1924:
1525:
1508:
802:
489:
256:
2272:
1645:
1481:
794:
368:
93:
46:
2135:
2058:
1503:
986:
2073:
1842:
1486:
1317:
1094:
833:
548:
at Alzey and is notable for producing the highest ever must weight recorded in Germany, 326 °
240:
1298:
Wine Grapes – A complete guide to 1,368 vine varieties, including their origins and flavours
559:
484:
Traminer is recorded in Tramin from ca. 1000 until the 16th century. It was spread down the
2447:
1724:
1476:
944:
Luxembourg has also been prominent in the production of wines with Gewürztraminer grapes.
8:
2302:
2254:
2154:
1398:
1276:
470:
in Italy, halfway between Tramin and the Jura, which was known to the Germans as Cleven.
1704:
157:
2292:
1797:
1210:. Symposium Gewürztraminer=Simposio Traminer aromatico, Bolzano, 1990. pp. 21–32.
970:
545:
337:
232:
2246:
2193:
1777:
1515:
1301:
1235:
1184:
1135:
1081:
837:
341:
1714:
638:
521:
2037:
1964:
1827:
1729:
1211:
1127:
1046:
892:
825:
757:
281:
191:
Gewurztraminer, Traminec, Gewürz, Gertie, Gentil Rose Aromatique, Traminer Musque (
1080:), Tramin Korenny, Traminac, Traminac Crveni, Traminac Dišeći, Traminac mirisavi (
2392:
2213:
2130:
1916:
1744:
1679:
1622:
1585:
1465:
1283:
1228:
1077:
884:
810:
725:
633:
In 1970s, Czech winemaker and grape breeder Ing. Josef Veverka crossed in former
600:
532:
and in England. Similar crosses at Alzey and Würzburg respectively have produced
261:
20:
1316:
According to French regulations as of 2011, this variety may only be planted in
2282:
2231:
2185:
2042:
2014:
1989:
1910:
1899:
1894:
1792:
1759:
1575:
1553:
1520:
1496:
1391:
1073:
765:
753:
697:
650:
634:
619:
553:
517:
380:
353:
345:
180:
2287:
1205:
965:, Gewürztraminer grapes are concentrated in Monterey, Mendocino and Sonoma in
2436:
2411:
2312:
2221:
2119:
2027:
2022:
1699:
1491:
1030:
962:
821:
777:
589:
578:
549:
537:
1250:
665:
23:. "St. Klauser" redirects here; for a related grape and other synonyms, see
2098:
1689:
1627:
1617:
1570:
1139:
1038:
994:
982:
888:
806:
769:
761:
627:
563:
428:
1847:
2416:
2367:
2330:
2124:
1979:
1969:
1867:
1632:
1563:
1422:
1204:
Scienza, A; Villa, P; Gianazza, E; Mattivi, F; Versini, G (18 May 1990).
1042:
936:. Confusingly, both pink and green grapes may be called simply Traminer.
869:
773:
570:
529:
514:
478:
459:
420:
388:
1749:
592:
23.416 at the University of Illinois to produce a hybrid variety called
2320:
2236:
2226:
2177:
2083:
2078:
2063:
1999:
1994:
1959:
1857:
1852:
1812:
1739:
1684:
1674:
1656:
1612:
1600:
1590:
1548:
1374:
1364:
1215:
1026:
966:
721:
593:
582:
574:
541:
493:
271:
1669:
1131:
855:
447:
of the Rhone Valley may be a more distant relative of Savagnin blanc.
2198:
2088:
2068:
2004:
1984:
1974:
1934:
1872:
1754:
1694:
1595:
1440:
1325:
896:
841:
623:
509:
A Gewürztraminer made in Oregon from grapes grown in Washington State
467:
432:
1347:
1203:
642:
637:
Gewürztraminer with Müller-Thurgau to create the wine grape variety
618:
During a series of trials between 1924 and 1930, Gewürztraminer was
525:
505:
451:
35:
1944:
1939:
1929:
1822:
1802:
1769:
1734:
1580:
1543:
1455:
1450:
1435:
1321:
1022:
1018:
1014:
998:
978:
910:
are certainly more restrained than other Gewurztraminers d'Alsace.
798:
741:
737:
689:
654:
444:
436:
408:
384:
24:
1664:
399:
2397:
2203:
1954:
1807:
1782:
1709:
1445:
1002:
849:
729:
713:
705:
693:
685:
674:
646:
612:
1558:
2362:
2325:
1949:
1837:
1832:
1006:
974:
749:
733:
709:
701:
681:
412:
349:
296:
19:"Dreimanner" redirects here; for the Austrian wine grape, see
2146:
1862:
1817:
1787:
1010:
745:
717:
485:
424:
411:
family is complicated, and not helped by its rather unstable
267:
141:
314:
1414:
1370:
990:
977:, and the Snake River Region of Idaho. It is also grown in
756:, the grape is grown in California and Northern Michigan,
287:
264:
477:
or Heiligensteiner Klevener found around Heiligenstein in
552:. A cross between Müller-Thurgau and Siegerrebe produced
284:
927:
The Traminer is native to the cool Alpine slopes of the
1383:
585:. Brown Bros blend it with Orange Muscat in Australia.
626:
to create the pink-skinned Italian wine grape variety
439:
content as it travelled to the other end of the Alps.
320:
302:
352:. Indeed, Gewürztraminer and lychees share the same
317:
311:
299:
293:
308:
290:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
423:, the mainly German-speaking province in northern
2434:
1337:
1222:
2162:
1399:
1178:
221:From Alsace, especially the Vendange Tardives
330:
859:German Gewürztraminer – may be Red Traminer
360:(fine bubbles on the inside of the glass).
2169:
2155:
1406:
1392:
1296:J. Robinson, J. Harding and J. Vouillamoz
1207:La caratterizzazione genetica del Traminer
1181:Understanding, Choosing, and Enjoying Wine
1120:Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
156:
588:In 1965, Gewürztraminer was crossed with
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1369:
1113:
854:
664:
562:is the result of a Hungarian cross with
504:
398:
239:
2347:Clarification and stabilization of wine
1052:
573:crossed Sémillon and Gewürztraminer at
2435:
1155:"Gewurztraminer is perfect for spring"
162:Gewürztraminer in Viala & Vermorel
2150:
1387:
1368:
1300:pgs 469–471, 594–595 Allen Lane 2012
1272:Vitis International Variety Catalogue
1152:
599:In the late 20th century, Australian
391:(region situated in northern Italy).
255:
1331:
1183:. London: Hermes House. p. 88.
764:, the most important wine region of
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
809:and the vineyards scattered in the
464:Karl Friedrich, Grand Duke of Baden
13:
824:regions where it is grown include
611:to create the white grape variety
14:
2464:
1431:Annual growth cycle of grapevines
2410:
2118:
956:
528:, a little of which is grown in
280:
34:
1346:. Bonn, Germany. Archived from
1234:pg 253 Octopus Publishing 1986
462:). The story goes that in 1780
403:Gewürztraminer vine at budbreak
45:needs additional citations for
2176:
1310:
1290:
1265:
1244:
1197:
1172:
1146:
1107:
947:
544:is the result of a cross with
536:and the reasonably successful
244:Gewürztraminer vine and grapes
1:
2373:Glossary of viticulture terms
1338:Maul, E.; Eibach, R. (2006).
1100:
939:
868:Gewürztraminer is planted in
192:
2378:Glossary of winemaking terms
1153:Bhang, Ellen (27 May 2014).
929:Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol
783:
776:, the grape is grown in the
607:crossed Gewürztraminer with
374:
7:
1287:Accessed: August 17th, 2012
1088:
1061:
669:Bottles of Gewürztraminer (
257:[ɡəˈvʏʁtstʁaˈmiːnɐ]
10:
2469:
2443:White wine grape varieties
2298:Yeast assimilable nitrogen
913:
901:Sélection de Grains Nobles
660:
500:
394:
18:
2406:
2388:History of the wine press
2355:
2339:
2311:
2278:Sparkling wine production
2263:
2245:
2212:
2184:
2112:
2051:
2013:
1908:
1885:
1768:
1655:
1643:
1536:
1464:
1421:
1381:
1340:"European Vitis Database"
969:, the Columbia Valley of
863:
846:Prince Edward County wine
840:, and the north shore of
816:
488:to Alsace, by way of the
475:Klevener de Heiligenstein
225:
217:
207:
199:
187:
175:
167:
155:
139:
134:
2383:Wine tasting descriptors
2104:Wine tasting descriptors
2033:Phenolic content in wine
1925:Alternative wine closure
1509:Great French Wine Blight
1413:
1232:Vines, Grapes & Wine
922:
883:range from the very dry
768:and in the far south of
684:, the grape is grown in
641:(the name refers to the
367:may offset the spice in
2273:Malolactic fermentation
874:Gewurztraminer d'Alsace
369:Southeast Asian cuisine
1179:Stuart Wilson (1996).
1035:Grand Valley, Colorado
987:Caddo County, Oklahoma
860:
677:
510:
404:
331:
245:
2074:Wine and food pairing
1095:International variety
858:
668:
540:. The early-ripening
508:
402:
243:
2453:Wines of South Tyrol
1725:Muscat of Alexandria
1253:"'Traminette' Grape"
1053:Vine and viticulture
520:Gewürztraminer with
344:, with a flamboyant
54:improve this article
2303:Yeast in winemaking
2255:Carbonic maceration
908:Heiligenstein wines
466:brought vines from
407:The history of the
168:Color of berry skin
2293:Traditional method
2094:Wine personalities
1798:Cabernet Sauvignon
1282:2016-03-04 at the
861:
678:
603:and grape breeder
560:Cserszegi fűszeres
546:Madeleine Angevine
511:
405:
246:
2430:
2429:
2424:
2423:
2194:Late harvest wine
2144:
2143:
1881:
1880:
1778:Alicante Bouschet
1526:Judgment of Paris
1306:978-1-846-14446-2
1240:978-1-85732-999-5
1190:978-0-681-18585-2
1132:10.1021/jf980452j
838:Niagara Peninsula
363:Gewürztraminer's
270:variety, used in
238:
237:
130:
129:
122:
104:
2460:
2415:
2414:
2171:
2164:
2157:
2148:
2147:
2123:
2122:
2038:Proteins in wine
1705:Grüner Veltliner
1653:
1652:
1408:
1401:
1394:
1385:
1384:
1366:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1355:
1335:
1329:
1314:
1308:
1294:
1288:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1259:
1248:
1242:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1111:
893:vendange tardive
882:
834:British Columbia
826:Vancouver Island
797:, the island of
334:
327:
326:
323:
322:
319:
316:
313:
310:
305:
304:
301:
298:
295:
292:
289:
286:
259:
254:
160:
149:
144:
132:
131:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
69:"Gewürztraminer"
62:
38:
30:
16:Variety of grape
2468:
2467:
2463:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2458:
2457:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2426:
2425:
2420:
2417:Wine portal
2409:
2402:
2393:History of wine
2351:
2335:
2307:
2259:
2241:
2222:Deacidification
2208:
2180:
2175:
2145:
2140:
2125:Wine portal
2117:
2108:
2047:
2009:
1914:
1904:
1877:
1764:
1745:Sauvignon blanc
1680:Cayetana blanca
1648:
1646:grape varieties
1639:
1532:
1460:
1417:
1412:
1377:
1363:
1362:
1353:
1351:
1336:
1332:
1315:
1311:
1295:
1291:
1284:Wayback Machine
1270:
1266:
1257:
1255:
1249:
1245:
1229:Jancis Robinson
1227:
1223:
1202:
1198:
1191:
1177:
1173:
1163:
1161:
1151:
1147:
1112:
1108:
1103:
1091:
1064:
1055:
959:
950:
942:
925:
916:
876:
866:
830:Okanagan Valley
819:
811:Australian Alps
786:
726:North Macedonia
663:
601:viticulturalist
503:
397:
377:
354:aroma compounds
307:
283:
279:
252:
209:Notable regions
163:
147:
140:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
21:Roter Veltliner
17:
12:
11:
5:
2466:
2456:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2428:
2427:
2422:
2421:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2359:
2357:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2317:
2315:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2283:Sugars in wine
2280:
2275:
2269:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2251:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2239:
2234:
2232:Chaptalization
2229:
2224:
2218:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2190:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2174:
2173:
2166:
2159:
2151:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2059:Classification
2055:
2053:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2043:Sugars in wine
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2019:
2017:
2015:Wine chemistry
2011:
2010:
2008:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1990:Wine dispenser
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1921:
1919:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1897:
1891:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1793:Cabernet Franc
1790:
1785:
1780:
1774:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1762:
1760:Welschriesling
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1715:Müller-Thurgau
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1661:
1659:
1650:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1606:
1605:
1604:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1567:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1528:
1518:
1513:
1512:
1511:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1482:Ancient Greece
1479:
1470:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1427:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1411:
1410:
1403:
1396:
1388:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1361:
1360:
1330:
1309:
1289:
1264:
1243:
1221:
1196:
1189:
1171:
1145:
1126:(2): 665–670.
1105:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1063:
1060:
1054:
1051:
958:
955:
949:
946:
941:
938:
924:
921:
915:
912:
865:
862:
818:
815:
791:Adelaide Hills
785:
782:
698:Czech Republic
662:
659:
651:Czech Republic
635:Czechoslovakia
522:Müller-Thurgau
502:
499:
396:
393:
381:Savagnin blanc
376:
373:
332:Gewurztraminer
249:Gewürztraminer
236:
235:
230:
223:
222:
219:
215:
214:
211:
205:
204:
201:
197:
196:
189:
185:
184:
181:Vitis vinifera
177:
173:
172:
169:
165:
164:
161:
153:
152:
137:
136:
135:Gewürztraminer
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2465:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2419:
2418:
2413:
2405:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2354:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2338:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2310:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2262:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2244:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2211:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2172:
2167:
2165:
2160:
2158:
2153:
2152:
2149:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2126:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2111:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2028:Acids in wine
2026:
2024:
2023:Aroma of wine
2021:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1912:
1907:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1887:Major regions
1884:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1843:Montepulciano
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1651:
1647:
1642:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1607:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1535:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1409:
1404:
1402:
1397:
1395:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1367:
1350:on 2007-08-22
1349:
1345:
1341:
1334:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1313:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1293:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1254:
1247:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1230:
1225:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1208:
1200:
1192:
1186:
1182:
1175:
1160:
1156:
1149:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1110:
1106:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1059:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1031:New Hampshire
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
963:United States
957:United States
954:
945:
937:
935:
930:
920:
911:
909:
904:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
880:
875:
871:
857:
853:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
822:Canadian wine
814:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
781:
779:
778:Golan Heights
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
676:
672:
667:
658:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
631:
629:
625:
621:
616:
614:
610:
609:Merbein 29-56
606:
605:A.J. Antcliff
602:
597:
595:
591:
590:Joannes Seyve
586:
584:
580:
576:
572:
567:
565:
561:
557:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
516:
507:
498:
495:
491:
487:
482:
480:
476:
471:
469:
465:
461:
455:
453:
448:
446:
440:
438:
434:
430:
429:ampelographer
427:. The famous
426:
422:
419:, located in
418:
414:
410:
401:
392:
390:
386:
383:, also named
382:
372:
370:
366:
361:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
336:(without the
335:
333:
325:
277:
273:
269:
266:
263:
258:
250:
242:
234:
231:
228:
224:
220:
218:Notable wines
216:
212:
210:
206:
203:Tramin, Italy
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
183:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
159:
154:
150:
143:
138:
133:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
26:
22:
2408:
2265:Fermentation
2116:
2099:Wine tasting
1720:Muscat blanc
1690:Chenin blanc
1487:Ancient Rome
1352:. Retrieved
1348:the original
1343:
1333:
1312:
1297:
1292:
1275:
1267:
1256:. Retrieved
1246:
1231:
1224:
1206:
1199:
1180:
1174:
1162:. Retrieved
1159:Boston Globe
1158:
1148:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1109:
1065:
1056:
1039:Finger Lakes
995:Pennsylvania
983:Rhode Island
960:
951:
943:
926:
917:
905:
889:dessert wine
867:
820:
807:Yarra Valley
803:Clare Valley
787:
679:
670:
632:
628:Manzoni rosa
617:
598:
587:
568:
564:Irsai Oliver
558:
512:
483:
472:
456:
449:
441:
406:
378:
362:
357:
329:
275:
248:
247:
179:
146:
116:
110:January 2021
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2448:Alsace wine
2368:Wine bottle
2340:Other steps
2331:Wine cellar
2288:Süssreserve
1980:Wine cellar
1970:Wine bottle
1911:accessories
1909:Packaging,
1868:Tempranillo
1497:Noah's wine
1477:Phoenicians
1423:Viticulture
1216:10449/16901
1118:.) Fruit".
1045:Regions of
1043:Long Island
948:New Zealand
877: [
848:regions of
795:Eden Valley
774:Middle East
758:New Zealand
571:Harold Olmo
530:Rheinhessen
524:to produce
515:Georg Scheu
460:Pinot blanc
421:South Tyrol
389:South Tyrol
272:white wines
188:Also called
2437:Categories
2247:Maceration
2237:Wine press
2227:Destemming
2178:Winemaking
2084:Wine fraud
2079:Wine fault
2064:Oenophilia
2000:Wine label
1995:Wine glass
1960:Port tongs
1858:Sangiovese
1853:Pinot noir
1813:Douce noir
1740:Rkatsiteli
1685:Chardonnay
1675:Catarratto
1649:by acreage
1623:Biodynamic
1586:Aromatized
1375:winemaking
1354:2007-08-28
1258:2007-08-28
1101:References
1027:New Mexico
971:Washington
967:California
940:Luxembourg
899:-affected
722:Luxembourg
673:) made in
594:Traminette
583:Pinot gris
575:U.C. Davis
542:Siegerrebe
494:phylloxera
490:Palatinate
80:newspapers
2199:Noble rot
2089:Winemaker
2069:Sommelier
2005:Wine rack
1985:Wine cork
1975:Wine cave
1965:Screw cap
1935:Corkscrew
1900:New World
1895:Old World
1873:Zinfandel
1848:Mourvèdre
1755:Trebbiano
1695:Colombard
1596:Noble rot
1576:Fortified
1554:Sparkling
1521:New World
1326:Haut-Rhin
897:noble rot
842:Lake Erie
784:Australia
772:. In the
766:Argentina
760:, and in
754:New World
752:. In the
624:Trebbiano
569:In 1938,
468:Chiavenna
433:vin jaune
375:Etymology
365:sweetness
2214:Pressing
2136:Glossary
2052:Industry
1945:Jug wine
1940:Decanter
1930:Box wine
1828:Isabella
1823:Grenache
1803:Carignan
1750:Sémillon
1735:Riesling
1730:Palomino
1473:Ancient
1456:Vineyard
1451:Veraison
1436:Oenology
1322:Bas-Rhin
1280:Archived
1164:20 April
1140:10563950
1089:See also
1082:Croatian
1062:Synonyms
1047:New York
1037:and the
1023:Missouri
1019:Maryland
1015:Virginia
999:Kentucky
979:Michigan
895:and the
885:Trimbach
828:and the
799:Tasmania
742:Slovenia
738:Slovakia
690:Bulgaria
671:Traminac
655:Slovakia
577:to make
534:Septimer
445:Viognier
437:geraniol
409:Traminer
385:Traminer
262:aromatic
260:) is an
25:Savagnin
2398:Terroir
2356:Related
2204:Vintage
2186:Harvest
2131:Outline
1955:Muselet
1917:storage
1808:Cinsaut
1783:Barbera
1710:Macabeo
1670:Aligoté
1628:Organic
1618:Natural
1571:Dessert
1516:Georgia
1466:History
1446:Terroir
1441:Species
1318:Moselle
1277:Taminga
1274:(VIVC)
1003:Indiana
961:In the
919:grape.
914:Germany
891:, both
850:Ontario
762:Mendoza
748:and in
730:Romania
714:Hungary
706:Germany
694:Croatia
686:Austria
675:Croatia
661:Regions
647:Moravia
620:crossed
613:Taminga
550:Oechsle
518:crossed
501:Crosses
395:History
350:lychees
346:bouquet
342:off-dry
253:German:
176:Species
94:scholar
2363:Winery
2326:Solera
1950:Kvevri
1838:Merlot
1833:Malbec
1633:Kosher
1609:Other
1564:Orange
1537:Styles
1504:France
1304:
1238:
1187:
1138:
1078:Slovak
1007:Hawaii
975:Oregon
934:Tramin
870:Alsace
864:France
836:, the
817:Canada
750:Turkey
734:Serbia
710:Greece
702:France
682:Europe
653:) and
643:Pálava
639:Pálava
554:Ortega
526:Würzer
479:Alsace
452:musqué
417:Tramin
413:genome
358:spritz
338:umlaut
276:Gewürz
229:number
200:Origin
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
2313:Aging
1863:Syrah
1818:Gamay
1788:Bobal
1700:Glera
1665:Airén
1657:White
1613:Table
1601:Straw
1591:Fruit
1549:White
1492:China
1371:Wines
1074:Czech
1011:Texas
923:Italy
881:]
770:Chile
746:Spain
718:Italy
622:with
579:Flora
538:Perle
486:Rhine
425:Italy
268:grape
233:12609
148:Vitis
142:Grape
101:JSTOR
87:books
1915:and
1644:Top
1559:Rosé
1415:Wine
1373:and
1324:and
1302:ISBN
1236:ISBN
1185:ISBN
1166:2020
1136:PMID
1116:Sonn
1041:and
991:Ohio
973:and
844:and
473:The
265:wine
227:VIVC
193:more
171:Rose
73:news
2321:Oak
1770:Red
1581:Ice
1544:Red
1212:hdl
1128:doi
832:of
680:In
387:in
348:of
315:ɜːr
297:ʊər
56:by
2439::
1342:.
1320:,
1157:.
1134:.
1124:47
1122:.
1076:,
1049:.
1033:,
1029:,
1025:,
1021:,
1017:,
1013:,
1009:,
1005:,
1001:,
997:,
993:,
989:,
985:,
981:,
903:.
879:fr
852:.
805:,
801:,
793:,
780:.
744:,
740:,
736:,
732:,
728:,
724:,
720:,
716:,
712:,
708:,
704:,
700:,
696:,
692:,
688:,
657:.
630:.
615:.
566:.
556:.
371:.
306:,-
2170:e
2163:t
2156:v
1913:,
1407:e
1400:t
1393:v
1357:.
1328:.
1261:.
1218:.
1214::
1193:.
1168:.
1142:.
1130::
649:(
324:/
321:s
318:t
312:v
309:ˈ
303:s
300:t
294:v
291:ˈ
288:ə
285:ɡ
282:/
278:(
251:(
195:)
151:)
145:(
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
