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was the domain of "goo-goos," who sponsored "Good
Government Clubs" in every assembly district. Their efforts led to the election of a reform mayor in 1894, a setback for the political machine known as
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have been reinvented several times, and have shifted in meaning as a result, the term goo-goo still has political currency, and has changed little since it was first used in the late 19th century.
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political columnist of the late 20th century, revived the word without reinventing it. Royko was a critic and astute observer of
Chicago politics. When Royko wrote about the "goo-goos" along
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William Ross tells Mayor Thomas Kane that Ross can deliver goo-goos' votes (along with those of other voters he controls), in exchange for Kane's giving Ross leeway to appoint four
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that were dominated by graft and corruption. Goo-goos supported candidates who would fight for political reform. The term was first used in the 1890s by their detractors.
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Members of several political reform movements in the late 19th and early 20th centuries were often labeled as goo-goos, including the
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In
American politics, the term is still used occasionally as a mildly derisive label for high-minded citizens or reformers.
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Grafters and Goo Goos: Corruption and Reform in
Chicago, 1833-2003
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