297:
which he was kept waiting an hour, King James, forbidding most of his retainers to follow him, went with
Alexander up the main staircase and passed through two chambers and two doors, both of which Ruthven locked behind them, into a turret-room at the angle of the house, with windows looking on the courtyard and the street. Here James expected to find the mysterious prisoner with the foreign gold, but was instead threatened with bodily harm. He found an armed man, who was actually Gowrie's servant, Henderson. Alexander immediately put on his hat and, drawing Henderson's dagger, presented it to the king's breast with threats of instant death if James opened a window or called for help. An allusion by Alexander to the execution of his father, the 1st Earl of Gowrie, drew from James a reproof of Alexander's ingratitude for various benefits conferred on his family. Alexander then uncovered his head, declaring that James's life should be safe if he remained quiet; then, committing the king to the custody of Henderson, he left the turret—ostensibly to consult with his brother—and locked the door behind him.
420:
abandoned, by the relentless severity with which he pursued the two younger, and unquestionably innocent, brothers of the earl. A more tangible motive for mutual discontent is to be found in the fact that the king was Gowrie's debtor to the extent of no less than £80,000 representing a sum of £48,063 due to his father while treasurer, with the interest at 10% per annum for the succeeding years. With this sum the old Earl of Gowrie, when treasurer, was forced to burden himself in order to meet the current expenses of the government. It was probably his inability to meet the obligations incurred by his father that had compelled the young earl to remain abroad; and on his return he presented a petition to the court of session, stating that he was unfit to pay any more to his creditors than he had done already, and asking to be relieved of these royal debts. In answer to his application he on 20 June 1600 obtained a protection from debt for a year.
427:, was posthumously convicted of having been privy to the Gowrie conspiracy on the evidence of certain letters produced by a notary, George Sprot, who swore they had been written by Logan to Gowrie and others. These letters, which are still in existence, were in fact forged by Sprot in imitation of Logan's handwriting; but the researches of Andrew Lang have shown cause for suspecting that the most important of them was either copied by Sprot from a genuine original by Logan, or that it embodied the substance of such a letter. If this is correct, it would appear that the conveyance of the king to
254:
305:
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Patrick, but they fled to
England. The bodies of Gowrie and his brother Robert were disembowelled and preserved by one James Melville, who, however, was paid for his services, not by the magistrates of Perth, but by the Privy Council; and on 30 October they were sent to Edinburgh to be produced at the bar of Parliament. On 15 November, the estates of the Ruthvens were discerned by Parliament to be forfeited and their family name and honours extinct.
211:. Stewart had arrested the earl's father in 1584. The earl made to move out of Stewart's way then reconsidered at the urging of his servant Thomas Kinrosser. Stewart noted this and complained to the king as an offence to his long service and dignity, warning that Gowrie was a threat to the court. Gowrie was told about this, and said "Aquila non captat muscas", meaning the eagle does not catch flies, that Stewart was beneath his attention.
1495:
1465:
327:, and the two killed Alexander with their swords. John Ruthven, entering the courtyard with his stabler Thomas Cranstoun and seeing his brother's body, rushed up the staircase after Erskine and Herries, followed by Cranstoun. In the melée he was also killed. Some commotion was caused in the town by the noise of these proceedings but it quickly subsided, though the king did not deem it safe to return to Falkland Palace for some hours.
323:), noticing a small, dark stairway leading directly to the inner chamber adjoining the turret, ran up it and the door was then unlocked by Henderson. There he found the king struggling with Alexander. Drawing his dagger, Ramsay wounded Alexander, who was then pushed down the stairway past the king. Thomas Erskine, summoned by Ramsay, now followed up the small stairs with Dr
292:
in Perth, and urged James to interrogate the man himself. The king initially hesitated but ultimately agreed to ride to Perth after the hunt ended. Alexander
Ruthven dispatched a servant, Henderson, to inform his brother that the king would be arriving at Gowrie House later in the day. Alexander then
385:
Relations between
England and Scotland were more than usually strained, and the Earl of Gowrie was reckoned in London among the adherents of Elizabeth. The Kirk party, being at variance with James, looked upon Gowrie as a hereditary partisan of their cause, and had recently sent an agent to Paris to
296:
James, in the company of ten to fifteen retainers, arrived at Gowrie House around one o'clock in the afternoon. Despite having received word earlier that the king would be arriving, Ruthven had made no preparations, thus giving the impression of having been taken by surprise. After a small meal, for
199:
as devoted to
Elizabeth's service on 27 February 1599. Neville wrote that Ruthven would like to kiss Queen Elizabeth's hand, and said the Earl was loyal to the Protestant religion and the English queen. Gowrie would be able to give Cecil useful information regarding potential feared "alterations" in
419:
The ministers' belief, and that of their partisans, no doubt influenced by political hostility toward James, was that the king had invented the story of a conspiracy by Gowrie to cover his own design to extirpate the
Ruthven family. James gave some colour to this belief, which has not been entirely
415:
The events at Gowrie House caused intense excitement throughout
Scotland. The investigation of the circumstances was also followed with much interest in England where all the details were reported to Elizabeth's ministers. The ministers of the Kirk, whose influence in Scotland was too extensive for
402:
Arbuckle's study of 1957 favours the kidnapping that went wrong, while
Maurice Lee proposes that James went to Gowrie House believing Ruthven was a conduit for political intelligence from London (that the pot of gold was a flimsy cover story), and when he arrived with an unexpectedly large retinue,
406:
Most modern research, in the light of materials inaccessible or overlooked until the 20th century, points to the conclusion that there was a conspiracy by
Ruthven and his brother to kidnap the king. If this is true, it follows that the second theory, that James went to Gowrie House to specifically
300:
While
Alexander was absent the king questioned Henderson, who professed ignorance of any plot and of the purpose for which he had been placed in the turret. At James's request, Henderson opened one of the windows and was about to open the other when Alexander returned. Whether or not Alexander had
312:
Alexander, on re-entering the turret, attempted to bind James's hands. A struggle ensued, in the course of which the king was seen at the window by some of his followers below in the street, who also heard him cry "treason" and call for help to the Earl of Mar. Ruthven pretended not to hear these
611:
in 1582, and kept under restraint for several months while the Earl remained at the head of the government. Though pardoned for this conspiracy the 1st Earl continued to plot against the king in conjunction with the earls of Mar and Angus; and he was executed for high treason on 2 May 1584; his
446:
ordered that the corpses of Gowrie and his brother should remain unburied until further decisions were made over the matter, and that no person with the name of Ruthven should approach within ten miles of the court. Orders were also sent for the apprehension of the Earl's brothers William and
612:
friends complaining that the confession on which he was convicted of treason was obtained by a promise of pardon from the king. His eldest son, James, 2nd Earl of Gowrie, only survived till 1588, the family dignities and estates, which had been forfeited, having been restored to him in 1586 (
461:
Another act was further passed abolishing the name of Ruthven, ordering that the house wherein the tragedy happened should be levelled to the ground, and decreeing that the barony of Ruthven should henceforth be known as the barony of Huntingtower. In a letter of November 1600, the
375:. Arbuckle comments, "There is not the slightest hint of this in any of the contemporary evidence". In a footnote, Willson mentions the possibility "that the King retired with the Master for an immoral purpose" before adding, "This is pure guess-work for which there is no proof".
233:
The Gowrie conspiracy or Gowrie Plot was a series of events unfolding on 5 August 1600. It is shrouded in mystery. Although the facts of the actual attack and deaths of the Ruthvens are known, the circumstances by which that sequence of events came about remain a mystery.
397:
Although the evidence on these points, and on every circumstance connected with the event itself, has been examined by historians of the Gowrie conspiracy, the mystery has never been entirely dispelled. The two most recent studies subscribe to the kidnap theory.
435:, was part of the plot; and it supplies, in all events, an additional piece of evidence to prove the genuineness of the Gowrie conspiracy. Robert Logan died before May 1608 the last of his line; George Sprot was hanged at the Market Cross of
389:
Gowrie was believed to be James's rival for the succession to the English crown. As regards the question of motive, the Ruthvens believed their father to have been killed in treachery, and his widow insulted by the king's favourite
241:, which in turn was inspired by high debts of the King to the Ruthven family. Getting rid of the family got rid of the debts, especially if the family was stripped of all ownership for reason of "treason". Rumours circulated that
313:
cries, but kept asking what was the matter. Lennox, Mar and most of the other lords and gentlemen ran up the main staircase to help the king, but were stopped by the locked door, which they spent some time trying to batter down.
1296:
555:
in 1656, in which, after reciting that the parliament of Scotland in 1641 had restored his father to the barony of Ruthven, he prayed that his "extreme poverty" might be relieved by the bounty of the Protector.
245:
was involved in the Gowrie Conspiracy, and it was said that a letter had been found from her to the Earl of Gowrie, urging him to visit the royal court and enclosing the gift of a valuable bracelet.
531:. After his release in August 1622, Patrick Ruthven resided first at Cambridge and afterwards in Somersetshire, being granted a small pension by the crown. He married Elizabeth Woodford, widow of
301:
actually been to see his brother is uncertain. Ruthven had meantime spread news below that the king had taken horse and ridden away, and the royal retinue were seeking their horses to follow him.
133:
The Ruthven family had a history of treason. Like his father and grandfather before him, Ruthven attached himself to the party of the reforming preachers, who procured his election in 1592 as
382:
Plots to capture the sovereign for the purpose of coercing his actions were frequent, more than one had been successful, and the Ruthven family had taken an active part in several of them.
416:
the king to neglect, were persuaded, but with great difficulty, to accept James's account of the occurrence. He voluntarily submitted himself to cross-examination by one of their number.
1507:
595:
in 1566; and both took an active part on the side of the Kirk in the constant intrigues and factions among the Scottish nobility of the period. The former had been the custodian of
599:, during her imprisonment in Loch Leven, where, according to the queen, he had pestered her with amorous attentions; he had also been the chief actor in the plot known as the "
1475:
102:(c. 1577 – 5 August 1600), was a Scottish nobleman who died in mysterious circumstances, referred to as the "Gowrie Conspiracy", in which he and/or his brother
293:
urged the king to lose no time, demanding that he keep the matter secret from his courtiers, and that he bring as small a retinue as possible to Gowrie House.
466:
described the aftermath of the Gowrie Conspiracy. The Ruthven family were ordered to change their surname, and the House of Ruthven near Perth was renamed as
407:
kill the Ruthvens, is invalid and that his own account of the occurrence, in spite of the glaring improbabilities which it involved, was substantially true.
1386:
288:, a younger brother of John Ruthven. Alexander advised the king that he and his brother had detained a foreigner carrying a large quantity of money at
551:. Patrick died in poverty in a cell in the King's Bench in 1652, being buried as "Lord Ruthven". His son, also named Patrick, presented a petition to
339:
that Ruthven and his brother concocted a plot to murder or, more probably, kidnap King James and that they lured him to Gowrie House for this purpose;
1769:
1632:
1608:
1570:
1544:
324:
168:, then almost openly hostile to the Scottish king; and it is probable that he had also relations with the rebellious Bothwell. He travelled to
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James owed a large sum of money to the Earl of Gowrie's estate, and popular gossip credited either Ruthven with being the lover of the queen.
1516:
403:
Alexander realised that a successful kidnapping was not possible and attempted to take the King's life to avenge his father's death.
277:
1739:
349:
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Great efforts were made by the government to prove the complicity of others in the plot. One noted and dissolute conspirator, Sir
352:, made amorous advances on Alexander Ruthvens, was repulsed by the earl, leading to a struggle resulting in the latter's death.
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911:
877:
146:
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After the 1603 accession of James to the English throne, it was reported that one of the brothers was captured at an inn at
1754:
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that the tragedy was the outcome of an unplanned brawl which followed an argument between the King and one of the Ruthvens;
123:
316:
273:
196:
119:
89:
378:
To understand the relative probabilities of these hypotheses, regard must be paid to the condition of Scotland in 1600.
720:
479:
281:
145:, where he was in the summer of 1593, about the time when his mother, and his sister the Countess of Atholl, aided the
1122:, pp. 934–936, 949. James was chronically indebted; his two largest existing loans were for £75,000 and £160,000.
1279:
588:
527:
discovered this was a case of mistaken identity. Later Patrick was captured and imprisoned for nineteen years in the
161:
17:
1484:
141:, a post that was almost hereditary in the Ruthven family. He was educated at the grammar school of Perth and the
532:
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the political state of Scotland. In London he was received very favourably by Queen Elizabeth and her ministers.
157:
544:
289:
257:
215:
1749:
495:
363:
Proponents of the theory that James and Alexander struggled following amorous advances from the king include
568:
364:
214:
The "Gowrie conspiracy" resulted in the killing of the earl and his brother by attendants of King James at
1186:
Act regarding the disinheriting and inability of the brother and posterity of John Ruthven, earl of Gowrie
463:
110:
for unknown purposes. The king's retinue killed both brothers during the attack, and the king survived.
204:
192:
1759:
1526:
567:
went to London. Beatrix (died 1625) married John Home of Cowdenknowes; and they were grandparents of
443:
424:
368:
512:, by Francis Wandesford who had seen him three years earlier at Durham. Wandesford delivered him to
1744:
237:
Ruthven had reason to seek vengeance on James VI as he had executed his father in response to the
1764:
524:
455:
451:
142:
79:
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that James paid a surprise visit to Gowrie House with the intention of killing the two Ruthvens;
272:, where he was residing, about 14 miles (23 km) from Perth. As he set out, accompanied by
225:
on the site now occupied by Perth Sheriff Court at the junction of Canal Street and Tay Street.
165:
1729:
1661:
126:. His brother James, the 2nd Earl, died in 1586, therefore John succeeded his brother as the
284:(the Earl of Kellie, first cousin to John) and others, he was approached by twenty-year-old
1734:
604:
596:
521:
475:
490:
Ruthven's two younger brothers, William and Patrick, fled to England.The brothers went to
8:
1690:
1235:, K. M. Brown et al. eds (St Andrews, 2007–2015), RPS 1600/11/11. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
1195:, K. M. Brown et al. eds (St Andrews, 2007–2015), RPS 1600/11/10. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
1056:
608:
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320:
173:
901:
535:, by whom he had two sons and a daughter, Mary. The latter entered the service of Queen
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1022:
998:
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841:
491:
474:, and some courtiers would be removed from her household after the birth of her child (
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907:
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833:
285:
103:
1578:
1552:
1429:
1391:
993:
985:
540:
520:. It was thought that Patrick Ruthven was captured in London in June 1603, but the
513:
372:
253:
1681:
1403:
1357:
1081:
644:
Jenny Wormald, "The Gowrie Conspiracy", Miles Kerr-Peterson & Steven J. Reid,
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242:
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48:
1704:
1395:
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127:
107:
989:
1723:
1520:. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 301–302.
1511:
1501:
1469:
837:
517:
181:
1384:
Juhala, Amy L. (2004). "Ruthven, John, third earl of Gowrie (1577/8–1600)".
543:, who painted several portraits of her; after Van Dyck's death, she married
1640:
1007:
903:
Blood of kings : the Stuarts, the Ruthvens and the 'Gowrie Conspiracy'
592:
432:
1682:
The Gowrie Conspiracy, by Samuel Cowan, available through Internet Archive
935:
Anna of Denmark and Henrietta Maria, Virgins, Witches, and Catholic Queens
1590:
450:
The corpses of the Earl and his brother were hanged and quartered at the
428:
1441:
1225:
1222:
1184:
845:
821:
304:
1479:
458:
and their arms and legs upon spikes at various locations around Perth.
308:
The mayhem at Gowrie House imagined by the Dutch illustrator Jan Luyken
1420:
Goodare, Julian (November 2009). "The debts of James VI of Scotland".
1428:(4). Wiley, on behalf of the Economic History Society: 934–936, 949.
548:
436:
222:
218:, Perth, a few weeks after Ruthven's return to Scotland in May 1600.
1468: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1500:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
709:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1858), p. 313 quoting Johnston's MS History.
176:
in April. On his way home in 1599 he remained for some months at
149:
in forcing himself, sword in hand, into the king's bedchamber in
1369:
HMC, The manuscripts of the Duke of Athole, and the Earl of Home
974:"The health of James the Sixth of Scotland and First of England"
696:, p. 156: prints Neville to Robert Cecil, 27 February 1599.
335:
A number of scenarios have been proposed to explain the events:
172:
in 1597 with his tutor, William Rhynd, and they enrolled at the
494:
and lived in hiding for a month, until the marshal of the town
177:
1488:. Vol. 50. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 15–20.
221:
Gowrie House stood just inside Perth's town wall, next to the
509:
188:
169:
1221:
Acts Parliaments of Scotland, vol. 4, pp. 212–213, cc. 1–2.
1159:, vol. 2 (Ballantyne: Edinburgh, 1811), 118–135, reprinting
1413:
Memorials of affairs in the reigns of Elizabeth and James I
591:(c. 1520 – 1566), had both been concerned in the murder of
1189:, 15 November 1600. Acta Parl. Scot. iv. 212–213, cc. 1–2
796:
786:
784:
782:
780:
778:
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587:
The 1st Earl of Gowrie (c. 1541 – 1584), and his father,
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662:
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1198:
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on 19 November 1600. Their heads were put on spikes at
439:
for foreknowledge of the conspiracy on 12 August 1608.
1103:
1101:
751:
651:
869:
King James VI and I and the History of Homosexuality
191:, he made acquaintance with the English ambassador,
581:
1358:Welsh Biography Online – Pryse Family of Gogerddan
1233:The Records of the Parliaments of Scotland to 1707
1192:The Records of the Parliaments of Scotland to 1707
1098:
1721:
1086:. New York, Oxford University Press. p. 452
156:A few months later Ruthven joined with earls of
1577:
431:, Logan's impregnable fortress on the coast of
268:rose early to hunt around the neighbourhood of
1175:, p. 19, cites Reg. P. C. Scotl. vi. 145.
1157:Secret History of the Court of James the First
1645:Memoirs of the Affairs of Scotland, 1577–1603
1274:. England: Ian Allan Publishing. p. 76.
501:William Ruthven died in France prior to 1622
1390:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1058:The riddle of the Ruthvens and other studies
748:, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1896), p. 698 no. 1260.
498:helped them travel to Durham and Cambridge.
482:, would be made captain of the royal guard.
1660:
1551:
559:Sisters Barbara and Beatrix were helped by
1631:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1607:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1569:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1543:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
607:was treacherously seized while a guest at
1473:
1216:
1204:
1172:
1131:
1024:A kind of justice: two studies in treason
997:
356:Additionally, it has been suggested that
1651:
1344:Thomas Birch & Folkestone Williams,
1054:
819:
303:
252:
1505:
1419:
1387:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1119:
1079:
1020:
971:
802:
790:
668:
613:
386:recall him to Scotland as their leader.
106:were attempting to kill or kidnap King
14:
1722:
1639:
1525:
1410:
1383:
1335:, vol. 15 (London, 1930), pp. 127–128.
1323:, vol. 15 (London, 1930), pp. 376–377.
1269:
1248:, vol. 10 (London, 1904), pp. 388–390.
1144:Register of the Great Seal of Scotland
1107:
946:
937:(Palgrave Macmillan, 2017), pp. 59–60.
899:
815:
813:
811:
693:
684:, vol. 3 (Edinburgh, 1914), p. cxxxii.
617:
1770:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
1616:
1474:Henderson, Thomas Finlayson (1897). "
1226:Act abolishing the surname of Ruthven
865:
1589:
1348:, 2 (London: Colburn, 1849), p. 326.
1294:
718:
478:). Despite her protests, her enemy,
228:
1415:. Vol. 1. London. p. 156.
1260:, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1894), p. 684.
808:
120:William Ruthven, 1st Earl of Gowrie
118:John Ruthven was the second son of
90:William Ruthven, 1st Earl of Gowrie
24:
1613:, and the authorities there cited.
1346:Court and Times of James the First
1297:"NAS Catalogue - catalogue record"
1027:. London: Hutchinson. p. 73.
822:"The 'Gowrie Conspiracy': Part II"
25:
1781:
1675:
1508:Gowrie, John Ruthven, 3rd Earl of
1493:
1485:Dictionary of National Biography
1463:
1434:10.1111/j.1468-0289.2009.00464.x
1295:Scotland, National Archives of.
1021:Thomson, George Malcolm (1970).
207:in a long gallery or passage in
203:In February 1600 he encountered
100:John Ruthven, 3rd Earl of Gowrie
1740:Nobility from Perth and Kinross
1595:James VI and the Gowrie Mystery
1583:History of the Kirk of Scotland
1362:
1351:
1338:
1326:
1314:
1288:
1263:
1251:
1239:
1210:
1178:
1166:
1149:
1137:
1125:
1113:
1073:
1048:
1014:
972:Goodall, A. L. (January 1957).
965:
940:
927:
893:
866:Young, M. (22 September 1999).
859:
648:(Routledge, 2017), pp. 194–206.
470:. Some suspicion had fallen on
1506:McNeill, Ronald John (1911). "
1080:Willson, David Harris (1967).
826:The Scottish Historical Review
738:
712:
699:
687:
674:
638:
545:Sir Richard Pryse, 1st Baronet
539:and married the Dutch painter
27:16th-century Scottish nobleman
13:
1:
906:. Ian Allen. pp. 31–32.
627:
113:
1668:(9 vols ed.), Edinburgh
1656:(2 vols ed.), Edinburgh
1585:(8 vols ed.), Edinburgh
1559:(7 vols ed.), Edinburgh
1411:Sawyer, Edmund, ed. (1725).
1404:UK public library membership
872:. Springer. pp. 21–22.
632:
569:James Home, 3rd Earl of Home
410:
371:, Archibald L. Goodall, and
365:George Payne Rainsford James
7:
1755:16th-century Scottish peers
1654:Criminal Trials in Scotland
1619:The Tragedy of Gowrie House
1422:The Economic History Review
1301:catalogue.nrscotland.gov.uk
707:Domestic Annals of Scotland
464:Patrick Gray, 6th Lord Gray
360:was complicit in the plot.
330:
164:in offering to serve Queen
10:
1786:
1531:Essays on Historical Truth
1377:
1055:Roughead, William (1919).
950:Essays on historical truth
442:On 7 August 1600, James's
205:William Stewart of Houston
1702:
1696:
1689:
1652:Pitcairn, Robert (1833),
990:10.1017/s0025727300020731
746:Calendar of Border Papers
589:Patrick, 3rd Lord Ruthven
485:
452:Mercat Cross in Edinburgh
444:Privy Council of Scotland
425:Robert Logan of Restalrig
248:
85:
75:
67:
55:
41:
34:
953:. Longmans, Green and Co
820:Arbuckle, W. F. (1957).
646:James VI and Noble Power
574:
456:Edinburgh's Old Tolbooth
350:who was attracted to men
1617:Louis, A. Barb (1887),
1517:Encyclopædia Britannica
1371:(London, 1892), p. 120.
947:Bisset, Andrew (1871).
725:The Castles of Scotland
682:Works of William Fowler
264:On 5 August 1600, King
143:University of Edinburgh
80:University of Edinburgh
1396:10.1093/ref:odnb/24371
1333:HMC Salisbury Hatfield
1321:HMC Salisbury Hatfield
1246:HMC Salisbury Hatfield
900:Davies, J. D. (2010).
309:
276:(the Duke of Lennox),
261:
195:, who reported him to
166:Elizabeth I of England
1270:Davies, J.D. (2010).
721:"Gowrie House, Perth"
307:
256:
130:while still a child.
1750:Provosts in Scotland
1231:, 15 November 1600.
1061:. Edinburgh W. Green
933:Susan Dunn-Hensley,
597:Mary, Queen of Scots
266:James VI of Scotland
108:James VI of Scotland
1691:Peerage of Scotland
1666:History of Scotland
1557:History of Scotland
1161:Aulicus Coquinariae
1146:, vol. 6, no. 2078.
1083:King James VI and I
805:, pp. 301–302.
514:Sir William Ingleby
321:Earl of Holdernesse
280:(the Earl of Mar),
174:University of Padua
719:Coventry, Martin.
492:Berwick-upon-Tweed
480:Sir Thomas Erskine
310:
262:
180:with the reformer
36:The Earl of Gowrie
1718:
1717:
1579:Calderwood, David
1553:Burton, John Hill
1402:(Subscription or
1034:978-0-09-102950-0
913:978-0-7110-3526-3
879:978-0-230-51489-8
705:Robert Chambers,
286:Alexander Ruthven
229:Gowrie conspiracy
97:
96:
18:Gowrie conspiracy
16:(Redirected from
1777:
1760:1600 in Scotland
1697:Preceded by
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541:Anthony van Dyck
401:
373:William Roughead
319:(afterwards the
260:in Perth c. 1650
147:Earl of Bothwell
124:Dorothea Stewart
93:Dorothea Stewart
32:
31:
21:
1785:
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978:Medical History
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616:, p. 301;
601:raid of Ruthven
586:
582:
577:
565:Barbara Ruthven
561:Anne of Denmark
553:Oliver Cromwell
537:Henrietta Maria
529:Tower of London
506:Kirkby Malzeard
488:
472:Anne of Denmark
413:
399:
358:Anne of Denmark
333:
274:Ludovic Stewart
270:Falkland Palace
251:
243:Anne of Denmark
231:
209:Holyrood Palace
151:Holyrood Palace
122:, and his wife
116:
92:
63:
62:Perth, Scotland
60:
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49:Perth, Scotland
46:
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28:
23:
22:
15:
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1765:Ruthven family
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1705:Earl of Gowrie
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1676:External links
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1575:
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1527:Bisset, Andrew
1512:Chisholm, Hugh
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1424:. New Series.
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1272:Blood of Kings
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1219:, p. 19,
1217:Henderson 1897
1209:
1205:Henderson 1897
1197:
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1173:Henderson 1897
1165:
1155:Walter Scott,
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1132:Henderson 1897
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1699:James Ruthven
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1664:(1828–1843),
1663:
1662:Tytler, P. F.
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1642:
1641:Moysie, David
1638:
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1502:public domain
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1476:Ruthven, John
1471:
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1258:Border Papers
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59:5 August 1600
58:
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33:
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19:
1730:1570s births
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1591:Lang, Andrew
1582:
1556:
1530:
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1425:
1421:
1412:
1385:
1368:
1364:
1353:
1345:
1340:
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1320:
1316:
1304:. Retrieved
1300:
1290:
1271:
1265:
1257:
1253:
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1241:
1234:
1230:
1227:
1220:
1212:
1200:
1191:
1185:
1180:
1168:
1160:
1156:
1151:
1143:
1139:
1134:, p. 16
1127:
1120:Goodare 2009
1115:
1088:. Retrieved
1082:
1075:
1063:. Retrieved
1057:
1050:
1038:. Retrieved
1023:
1016:
984:(1): 17–27.
981:
977:
967:
955:. Retrieved
949:
942:
934:
929:
917:. Retrieved
902:
895:
883:. Retrieved
868:
861:
849:. Retrieved
829:
825:
803:McNeill 1911
798:
791:McNeill 1911
745:
740:
728:. Retrieved
724:
714:
706:
701:
689:
681:
676:
669:McNeill 1911
645:
640:
614:McNeill 1911
603:" when King
593:David Rizzio
583:
558:
533:Lord Gerrard
503:
500:
489:
468:Huntingtower
460:
449:
441:
433:Berwickshire
422:
418:
414:
405:
396:
377:
362:
355:
348:that James,
334:
325:Hugh Herries
315:
311:
299:
295:
290:Gowrie House
278:John Erskine
263:
258:Gowrie House
239:Ruthven Raid
236:
232:
220:
216:Gowrie House
213:
202:
197:Robert Cecil
186:
155:
132:
117:
99:
98:
29:
1735:1600 deaths
1647:, Edinburgh
1480:Lee, Sidney
1458:Attribution
1108:Juhala 2004
1090:24 December
1065:24 December
1040:24 December
957:24 December
919:24 December
885:24 December
851:24 December
832:(122): 98.
694:Sawyer 1725
618:Juhala 2004
429:Fast Castle
317:John Ramsay
68:Nationality
1724:Categories
1709:1586–1600
1522:Endnotes:
1406:required.)
1306:8 November
628:References
525:Robert Lee
114:Early life
1450:154330649
838:0036-9241
633:Citations
549:Gogerddan
437:Edinburgh
411:Aftermath
390:minister.
223:River Tay
104:Alexander
86:Parent(s)
76:Education
1713:Forfeit
1643:(1830),
1627:citation
1621:, London
1603:citation
1597:, London
1593:(1902),
1565:citation
1539:citation
1533:, London
1529:(1871),
1442:27771527
1008:13399501
846:25526424
730:3 August
605:James VI
331:Theories
162:Montrose
71:Scottish
1514:(ed.).
1504::
1482:(ed.).
1472::
1378:Sources
1163:(1650).
999:1034227
135:Provost
45:c. 1577
1510:". In
1498:
1478:". In
1448:
1440:
1400:
1278:
1031:
1006:
996:
910:
876:
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563:, and
486:Family
249:Events
178:Geneva
158:Atholl
1446:S2CID
1438:JSTOR
842:JSTOR
575:Notes
522:mayor
510:Ripon
508:near
400:W. F.
189:Paris
170:Italy
139:Perth
1633:link
1609:link
1571:link
1545:link
1308:2018
1276:ISBN
1092:2023
1067:2023
1042:2023
1029:ISBN
1004:PMID
959:2023
921:2023
908:ISBN
887:2023
874:ISBN
853:2023
834:ISSN
732:2021
160:and
56:Died
42:Born
1430:doi
1392:doi
994:PMC
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547:of
516:of
187:At
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