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702:(1915-1980). They married in Bristol 1947 and had one child, Timothy Walter (1949-1976) before separating in 1960, and divorcing in 1973. It has been noted that Walter and his institution gave a male biased view of their work. Vivian Dovey was a significant collaborator, yet she was depicted as a wife or assistant who cared for him.
560:. One of these included that being hit meant food whilst whistling means food, and when conditioned such a whistle by itself means being hit. When he added another circuit tuned to a whistle of another pitch, this could become whistle means being hit, whistle means food, and this would make the animal become "afraid" whenever
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In one experiment, Walter placed a light on the "nose" of a tortoise and watched as the robot observed itself in a mirror. "It began flickering," he wrote. "Twittering, and jigging like a clumsy
Narcissus." Walter argued that if it were seen in an animal it "might be accepted as evidence of some
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at the time. His parents had met and married in Italy, and during the First World War the family moved to
Britain. Walter's ancestry was German/British on his father's side, and American/British on his mother's side. He was brought to
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Holland, Owen. "Exploration and high adventure: The legacy of Grey Walter." Philosophical
Transactions of The Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences · November 2003.
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From 1960 to 1972, Walter lived with
Lorraine Josephine Aldridge (née Donn), former wife of Keith Aldridge. Vivian Dovey lived with Keith Aldridge and later took his name after her divorce.
684:(1934–2000) and Jeremy Walter, who became a physicist. After the couple separated in 1945, and divorced in 1946, their children were brought up by their mother Monica and her second husband
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He failed to obtain a research fellowship in
Cambridge and so turned to doing basic and applied neurophysiological research in hospitals, in London, from 1935 to 1939 and then at the
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machine, for measuring electrical activity in the brain. Walter produced his own versions of Berger's machine with improved capabilities, which allowed it to detect a variety of
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due to their shape and slow rate of movement - and because they "taught us" about the secrets of organisation and life. The three-wheeled tortoise robots were capable of
820:"The Curve of the Snowflake," Norton, 1956. Also published in the UK as "Further Outlook", London: Duckworth, 1956. Science Fiction novel concerning paradoxes and the
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Walter's papers including his letters, photographs and press cuttings form part of the Burden archive held at the
Science Museum Library & Archives in Wroughton
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half a second prior to a person being consciously aware of movements they were about to make. Intriguingly, this effect brings into question the very notion of
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The
Tortoise and the Love Machine': Grey Walter and the Politics of Electro-encephalography', Hayward, Rhodri, Science in Context (2001) 14(4):615–642
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552:) and added to its simple single celled "brain" one, then two conditional reflex circuits in which they could be taught simple behaviors similar to
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279:, in 1928. He achieved a third class in part one (1930) and a first class in physiology in part two of the natural sciences tripos (1931).
322:. In 1970, he suffered a brain injury in a motor scooter accident. He never fully recovered and died seven years later, on May 6, 1977.
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was presented. Walter remedied this behaviour by severing the two additional circuits, and the tortoise reverted to being a
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Contingent negative variation: An electrical sign of sensorimotor association and expectancy in the human brain
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Walter married twice. His first wife was
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Chapel of
Extreme Experience: A Short History of Stroboscopic Light and the Dream Machine
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Freeman, W.J. (1986). "W.G. Walter: The Living Brain". In Palm, G.; Aertsen, A. (eds.).
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As a young man, Walter was greatly influenced by the work of the
Russian physiologist
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Grey Walter's best-known work was his construction of some of the first electronic
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Brief review of Grey Walter's science-fiction novel, "The Curve of the Snowflake"
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sympathiser after it. Throughout his life he was a pioneer in the field of
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using some of the original parts. An original tortoise as seen at the
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One of the tortoises was modified, (given the pretend scientific name
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In 2000, an original tortoise went on display in London, UK, in the
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A photo emphasising William Grey Walter over Vivian Dovey c.1943
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were all turning towards a view of mental processes in terms of
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In the 1930s, Walter made a number of discoveries using his
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brain processes at a time when his contemporaries such as
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1245:"Vivian Joan Aldridge | Science Museum Group Collection"
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in 1951. Walter stressed the importance of using purely
859:"Walter, (William) Grey (1910–1977), neurophysiologist"
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with an interest in classics and science, and entered
676:(1868-1958), a former member of the executive of the
868:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004.
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446:In the 1960s, Walter also went on to discover the
633:. In 1995, this robot was also replicated by Dr.
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788:Grey Walter: The Pioneer of Real Artificial Life
1805:People educated at Westminster School, London
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1310:The full story of Grey Walter's Tortoises
1300:William Grey Walter's Machina Speculatrix
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737:, Scientific American (1951) 185(2):60—63
220:(February 19, 1910 – May 6, 1977) was an
82:Learn how and when to remove this message
1825:American emigrants to the United Kingdom
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45:This article includes a list of general
1273:The Grey Walter Picture Archive On-Line
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865:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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27:British neurophysiologist (1910–1977)
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1810:Alumni of King's College, Cambridge
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377:. He was the first to determine by
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618:. Modern incarnations of Walter's
556:'s dogs. This tortoise was called
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397:). Walter demonstrated the use of
350:types ranging from the high speed
51:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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517:could give rise to very complex
413:, using an array of spiral-scan
389:(alpha waves originate from the
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1416:Cybernetics in the Soviet Union
1282:The Grey Walter On-Line Archive
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298:and in various other places in
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371:Burden Neurological Institute
284:Burden Neurological Institute
1291:, University of West England
1157:Science Museum Group Journal
1153:"Wired-up in white organdie"
948:10.1007/978-3-642-70911-1_17
899:UK public library membership
645:is in the collection of the
622:may be found in the form of
428:, Walter worked on scanning
310:fellow-traveller before the
153:United States (birthplace),
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1304:Turtle on the Beam Robotics
715:An Electromechanical Animal
654:Science Museum at Wroughton
639:Bristol Robotics Laboratory
545:degree of self-awareness."
405:or lesions responsible for
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1396:Computational neuroscience
1277:University of West England
1072:Mechanical Tortoise (1951)
745:W. W. Norton & Company
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471:Walter's experiments with
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1032:Information & Culture
637:and Ian Horsfield of the
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1456:Second-order cybernetics
1151:Saunders, David (2018).
971:Bristol, University of.
674:Samuel Kerkham Ratcliffe
525:, which he used to call
334:. He visited the lab of
243:Early life and education
1830:British neuroscientists
1431:Engineering cybernetics
1361:Artificial intelligence
647:Smithsonian Institution
417:connected to high-gain
66:more precise citations.
1754:Walter Bradford Cannon
1644:Ludwig von Bertalanffy
1499:Alfred Radcliffe-Brown
1446:Management cybernetics
1371:Biomedical cybernetics
1366:Biological cybernetics
1287:9 October 2008 at the
938:. Berlin, Heidelberg:
912:Walter, William Grey.
874:10.1093/ref:odnb/38104
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579:were exhibited at the
1714:Anthony Stafford Beer
1549:Ernst von Glasersfeld
1022:Jones, Allan (2016).
998:"Machina Speculatrix"
735:A machine that learns
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340:electroencephalograph
267:in 1915, educated at
120:Kansas City, Missouri
1820:American roboticists
1744:Valentin Braitenberg
1624:Jay Wright Forrester
942:. pp. 237–238.
725:An imitation of life
686:Cambridge University
682:Nicolas Hardy Walter
680:. They had two sons
475:light, described in
1835:British roboticists
1769:William Grey Walter
1709:Sergei P. Kurdyumov
1669:N. Katherine Hayles
1451:Medical cybernetics
1411:Conversation theory
794:, Cambridge, 1997,
731:(1950) 182(5):42—45
729:Scientific American
721:(1950) 4(3):206—213
643:Festival of Britain
581:Festival of Britain
577:Machina speculatrix
566:Machina speculatrix
527:Machina speculatrix
443:of brain activity.
441:scanning hypothesis
338:, who invented the
247:Walter was born in
218:William Grey Walter
98:William Grey Walter
1850:Neurophysiologists
1749:William Ross Ashby
1674:Natalia Bekhtereva
1649:Maleyka Abbaszadeh
1589:Heinz von Foerster
1514:Buckminster Fuller
1441:Information theory
1391:Catastrophe theory
1221:www.ancestry.co.uk
1002:www.extremenxt.com
784:(1964) 203:380-384
747:, New York (1953)
709:Books and articles
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575:Later versions of
269:Westminster School
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1699:Ranulph Glanville
1614:Jakob von Uexküll
1594:Humberto Maturana
1554:Francis Heylighen
977:www.bristol.ac.uk
957:978-3-642-70913-5
921:cyberneticzoo.com
897:(Subscription or
883:978-0-19-861412-8
511:autonomous robots
229:neurophysiologist
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192:Scientific career
116:February 19, 1910
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16:(Redirected from
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1739:Valentin Turchin
1689:Pyotr Grigorenko
1634:John N. Warfield
1559:Francisco Varela
1519:Charles François
1489:Alexander Lerner
1466:Sociocybernetics
1386:Neurocybernetics
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1664:Marian Mazur
1539:Cliff Joslyn
1381:Biosemiotics
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1248:
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1001:
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936:Brain Theory
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914:"My Miracle"
907:
889:11 September
887:. Retrieved
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660:Private life
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635:Owen Holland
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612:Hans Moravec
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354:to the slow
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133:(1977-05-06)
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1795:1977 deaths
1790:1910 births
1694:Qian Xuesen
1574:Gordon Pask
1471:Synergetics
1436:Homeostasis
1376:Biorobotics
1347:cybernetics
690:Arnold Beck
616:Mark Tilden
604:computation
593:Alan Turing
554:Ivan Pavlov
515:brain cells
485:Brion Gysin
481:Dreamachine
468:to events.
424:During the
399:delta waves
385:within the
383:alpha waves
356:delta waves
352:alpha waves
336:Hans Berger
332:Ivan Pavlov
326:Brain waves
320:cybernetics
249:Kansas City
150:Citizenship
131:May 6, 1977
72:August 2018
64:introducing
18:Grey Walter
1784:Categories
1043:: 81–101.
982:13 January
901:required.)
839:References
719:Dialectica
688:scientist
539:phototaxis
529:and named
503:See also:
439:alpha wave
419:amplifiers
401:to locate
348:brain wave
237:robotician
173:Alpha wave
169:Delta wave
165:Brain Wave
47:references
1426:Emergence
1354:Subfields
1203:188862918
1177:2054-5770
1057:143096137
1007:26 August
792:MIT Press
762:Duckworth
535:tortoises
519:behaviors
462:free will
316:anarchist
308:communist
294:, in the
277:Cambridge
1285:Archived
1195:33343913
940:Springer
589:simulate
585:analogue
407:epilepsy
391:thalamus
253:Missouri
222:American
202:Robotics
1186:7116491
772:Penguin
620:turtles
601:digital
375:Bristol
314:and an
288:Bristol
265:England
226:British
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499:Robots
300:Europe
224:-born
198:Fields
183:Spouse
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1199:S2CID
1053:S2CID
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1027:(PDF)
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454:brain
430:radar
395:brain
360:sleep
342:, or
1306:Wiki
1256:2022
1228:2022
1191:PMID
1173:ISSN
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1080:2022
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1165:doi
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