665:
1497:
was more important in
Groningen than Dutch. Younger people also speak the language, however in a regiolectical mixed way, because many pure Gronings words are lost. The youngest generation passed to Dutch. Since the second half of the 20th century, the usage of the language is declining. Because of globalization, other languages like Dutch and English are becoming more important. Parents today choose to raise their children in the Dutch language.
2745:
1780:
1702:
1511:
1408:
1279:
1141:
1008:
865:
729:
47:
2905:"Stiefel") is sometimes replaced by the word "leers" (Dutch "laars"). Although most people do know the Gronings words, they are less and less used, for example because people think others will not understand them or because they are too long and the Dutch word is much easier. An example of the latter is the word for sock, which is "Hozevörrel" in Gronings. The Dutch word "sok" is much easier, so it is more often used than hozevörrel.
396:
1845:
differences are the writing system and the loanwords. The East
Frisian writing system is based on High German while Gronings uses many Dutch features. For example, the word for âice skateâ is in Gronings âscheuvelâ and in East Frisian âSchöfelâ, while the pronunciation is almost alike. Here are a few examples of words compared to West Frisian, East Frisian Low Saxon, German, Dutch and English.
1997:) is pronounced like a in the British English word âwaterâ (). In Gronings this sound is written like oa. The word water would be written like âwoatahâ in Gronings. The pronunciation of the word âquaadâ is similar to the Gronings word âkwoadâ, which means âangryâ. The East Frisian combination ee and eei (for example in
1665:
Although
Gronings, as part of Low Saxon, is an official language, it is not a mandatory subject in schools. Still, many primary schools in Groningen choose to give attention to the regional language. This attention varies from inviting storytellers to teaching about the language. In secondary schools
1388:
because of the strong influence of the new standard language. But because of the political, geographical and cultural isolation of
Groningen, a strong provincialism in the first half of the 19th century caused Gronings to develop itself in a significant way. The sounds that are used today were formed
938:
1680:
Another possible way to learn
Gronings is taking classes. In the last few years the trend of people taking courses has risen. More and more people, also people from outside who come to live in the area in which Gronings is spoken, are interested in the language and are willing to take courses. There
1496:
are excluded from this count, the percentage would rise to about 80%. Of course, this is not a representative picture of the linguistic capacity of the inhabitants of
Groningen province. Most of the older people use Gronings as their main language. Until the second half of the 20th century, Gronings
1372:
were Low Saxon. When the city of
Groningen developed an important position in the Ommelanden, a switch from East Frisian to Saxon occurred, although it was not a complete switch because there are many East Frisian influences in the "new" Groningen language. Many East Frisian words and grammatic
401:
400:
397:
2904:
The
Gronings vocabulary is strongly related to East Frisian Low Saxon, Saterfrisian and West Frisian. However, today the Gronings vocabulary is in decline. More and more Gronings words are being replaced by Dutch words that have been "Groningized". For example, the word "stevel" (boot, German
1844:
belongs. Both related dialects are characterized by an East
Frisian influence. Hence other linguists classify Gronings-East Frisian as a separate group of Northwest Low Saxon or Friso-Saxon dialects. The most important similarities are grammar features and the vocabulary. The most important
402:
1068:
Though there are several differences between the dialects, they form a single dialect group. Most words are written the same way, but the pronunciation can differ. The examples, all using the sentence "The only thing we're not doing is giving out sweets", show the pronunciation.
399:
1201:
There are many uncertainties about the classification and categorization of
Gronings. Words used in classifying it are often more political than linguistic, because it encompasses a large group of very differing varieties. Some linguists see it as a variety of
1265:. From this point of view the separation is not between Westphalian and GroningenâEast Frisian (or North Low Saxon), but rather between Groningen on one side and East Frisian on the other, with the national border also functioning as the linguistic border.
1229:
and the typical accent are part of that distinction. Other linguists categorize all GroningsâEast Frisian dialects as part of North Low German. When that is the case, all the other Low German varieties in the Netherlands are categorized as
1688:: House of the Groningen Culture) organises a writing contest in every municipality in Groningen. Everyone can participate and send in a poem or some prose. The winners of the different ages succeed to the provincial round.
1579:
is always presented in Gronings. The news is always presented in Dutch, since not all viewers understand Gronings. In the second half of 2007, the local television broadcast a series in Gronings called
398:
666:
2020:, Gronings is the dialect with the farthest distance from Standard Dutch. Reasons for this are vocabulary and pronunciation. The Gronings vocabulary is quite different from Dutch, for example:
1762:
Notable Groningen musical artists include Wia Buze, Alje van Bolhuis, Alex Vissering, Eltje Doddema, PĂ© Daalemmer & Rooie Rinus, Burdy, Wat Aans!, Hail Gewoon, Erwin de Vries, and
2068:, thus making the words ending in , or . The Groningen people speak quite fast compared to the Dutch people, with the result that a lot of words are pronounced together as one word.
348:
3711:
1210:
in the Netherlands, but there is controversy surrounding whether all the dialects that have been called Low German are similar enough to be placed in one category.
638:
4595:
835:
793:
can almost be defined geographically, as can be seen on the map below. This is especially true for the northern part of Drenthe (number 8 on that map).
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829:
1599:
811:
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1635:
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found in the dialects on the other side of the national border. These influences concern especially the vocabulary: for example the Dutch word
2075:
is an example of those expressions. Many of these are given in the 'Nieuwe Groninger Woordenboek' by K. ter Laan published in 1977, (1280pp).
4970:
4048:
2071:
Gronings is also a dialect with many unique expressions. One third of the language consists of these expressions. In the example sentence
1627:
There are many Gronings dictionaries as well. The first official dictionary was the "Nieuw Groninger Woordenboek" and was put together by
6005:
4768:
1610:
3697:
3678:
631:
1358:
6360:
2056:
The pronunciation differs from the writing system. The -en ending of many words is pronounced like (É or Én) in most varieties of
111:
1631:. This dictionary and the writing system used in the book became the basics of each dictionary and writing system ever since.
6340:
2535:
624:
83:
6335:
4585:
815:, it is a bit different on both sides of the Groningen-Drenthe border, as the dialect spoken there is much more related to
3577:
2549:
2369:
2341:
378:
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90:
2570:
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1827:
1801:
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1558:
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1326:
1300:
1188:
1162:
1055:
1029:
912:
886:
776:
750:
130:
64:
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2082:, Gronings is considered as a separate language by some of its native speakers, while linguists consider it part of
1809:
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1170:
1037:
894:
758:
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97:
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368:
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1805:
1727:
1536:
1433:
1304:
1166:
1033:
890:
754:
68:
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it is possible to study the language. In October 2007 Gronings became an official study within the faculty of
6355:
5864:
2556:
79:
6365:
5894:
5064:
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5011:
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are two types of courses. The first one is understanding and the second one is understanding and speaking.
612:
431:
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1472:), approximately 65% of them can speak and write Gronings. Perhaps, if the larger cities and villages of
6345:
6126:
5991:
4250:
3797:
2634:
2348:
2224:
2146:
2139:
1575:, Gronings is used by the presenters and listeners. On local television Gronings is used less, but the
1344:
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708:
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3684:
2723:
2717:
2715:
2641:
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2256:
1766:(â ). Every year the supply of successful artists in regional languages in the Netherlands is rising.
31:
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1151:
1018:
875:
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17:
6057:
6033:
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5747:
5667:
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4015:
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2178:
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1716:
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1525:
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1363:
1293:
1155:
1022:
879:
743:
228:
218:
57:
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6278:
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6044:
5813:
5295:
5261:
4879:
4695:
4555:
4395:
4290:
3745:
2616:
2263:
1993:, which is a leftover of Frisian in this area. The East Frisian combination aa (for example in
1859:
1841:
1468:
Today, according to an investigation among the listeners to the regional broadcasting station (
1103:
540:
104:
6157:
6111:
6080:
5971:
5935:
5203:
5196:
5148:
4918:
4889:
4858:
4821:
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4503:
4416:
4277:
4239:
3992:
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3920:
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2328:
2316:
2291:
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2079:
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Because of this far distance from Standard Dutch and the official status of the neighbouring
1852:
1604:
1246:
844:
700:
496:
5436:
4311:
1373:
features are still in use today. In less than one century, the same process also started in
6216:
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5920:
5889:
5762:
5622:
5368:
5186:
4778:
4605:
4567:
4562:
4436:
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4141:
4005:
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2186:
1369:
1231:
688:
471:
353:
191:
169:
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824:
181:
8:
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6052:
5879:
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5003:
4756:
4403:
4316:
4114:
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2197:
1586:
1477:
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Other linguists, especially in Germany, see GroningsâEast Frisian as a separate group of
607:
584:
476:
5426:
5271:
4518:
3906:
481:
6301:
6253:
6248:
6233:
6143:
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4263:
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4057:
3876:
3857:
3738:
2366:/ occurring before and after rounded vowels is pronounced as a labio-velar approximant
2298:
2109:
1109:
715:. Its typical accent and vocabulary differ strongly from the other Low Saxon dialects.
577:
572:
567:
459:
248:
233:
223:
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338:
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3625:
Reker, Siemon (1999), "Groningen", in Kruijsen, Joep; van der Sijs, Nicoline (eds.),
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672:
545:
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influence is seen as an essential factor contrasting with the greater influence of
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491:
5691:
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In the media Gronings is used frequently. For example, on the local radio station
6150:
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5540:
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5158:
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4837:
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4270:
3927:
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3829:
3802:
2529:
2308:
2278:
2083:
1871:
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1634:
More recent is "Zakwoordenboek Gronings â Nederlands / Nederlands â Gronings" by
1238:
1214:
1123:
712:
501:
243:
210:
6239:
30:
Not to be confused with Groningen Dutch or a Groningen accent which denotes the
6316:
6203:
6092:
5965:
5859:
5839:
5791:
5683:
5557:
5227:
4994:
4933:
4712:
4669:
4626:
4543:
4538:
4427:
4377:
4228:
4179:
4134:
4127:
3941:
3934:
3808:
3732:
3670:
Simon Reker has become Regular Chairholder for Gronings at Groningen University
2585:
2126:
2057:
2043:
1878:
1242:
1116:
805:) is somewhat related with the Groninger language, but the core linguistics is
659:
525:
486:
436:
422:
277:
35:
3669:
3555:
2395:
Other word-final consonants occur as syllabic, as a variant of a schwa sound /
6329:
6243:
5915:
5757:
5513:
5464:
5281:
5220:
5133:
5038:
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4923:
4807:
4734:
3951:
3768:
2418:
2203:
2132:
555:
5784:
5208:
5172:
5105:
4928:
4751:
4724:
4707:
4651:
4610:
4192:
4171:
3775:
3761:
2065:
1650:
1385:
847:
influences, while most Groningen dialects have a strong influence from the
840:
530:
521:
284:
5431:
1384:
In the second half of the 16th century Gronings started to evolve towards
322:
6026:
5601:
5574:
5392:
5300:
4982:
4943:
4526:
4221:
4185:
4120:
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2413:
1986:
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802:
704:
407:
302:
165:
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5421:
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3956:
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3607:
De taal van Westerwolde: Patronen en structuren in een Gronings dialect
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2694:
2665:
2624:
2423:
2061:
2017:
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1349:
1203:
238:
5627:
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1354:
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820:
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535:
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331:
315:
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1779:
1701:
1510:
1407:
1278:
1140:
1007:
864:
728:
46:
6273:
5416:
4764:
1840:
Some linguists classify Gronings to North Low Saxon, to which also
1621:
1489:
386:
5457:
5053:
4955:
3721:
3672:
1481:
798:
692:
382:
357:
347:
173:
1126:: Das einzige, was wir nicht machen , ist SĂŒĂigkeiten austeilen.
1112:: Dat eenzige, dat wi nich doot, (dat) is Snabbelkraam uutdeeln.
6296:
4760:
2044:[jÉËÉŠÉptËÉŠeËlveËlËÊÉr(É)kËneËmÉrstiËkÊnÉ(n)ËsxaËtsÉ(n)]
1339:
The Gronings dialects are a kind of mix between two languages:
833:
is also spoken, as well as a separate Groningen dialect called
589:
177:
4678:
3283:"Because I say so!" (meaningless answer to a "why" question)
1978:= blood) is pronounced like ow in the English word ânowâ () (
2036:
Jij hebt heel veel werknemers (werklui) die kunnen schaatsen
1381:. This explains the strong relation between both varieties.
3646:
1684:
Every year around March Het Huis van de Groninger Cultuur (
2011:
2001:) are pronounced like the y in the English word âflyâ () (
1237:
Dutch linguists in particular have classified Gronings as
385:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
6066:
3280:"Daarom!" (nietszeggend antwoord op vraag met "waarom")
1595:, which is actually some kind of education in Gronings.
1347:) and Middle Low German. East Frisian was spoken in the
1082:(city): t Oinege dat wie noit doun is baaltjes oetdailn.
2855:(litt. And do not blame us for the things we do wrong)
1377:, from the city of Emden, which was influenced by the
3719:
3662:
1357:), while the city, the surrounding rural area called
1106:: Dat eenzige, dat wi neet doon is Slickeree utdelen.
2392:/ may also be heard as voiceless in free variation.
2861:(litt. As we forgive those who trespass against us)
1591:. Another program that is in and about Gronings is
71:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1100:: t Ainege wat wie nait dudden is slikke uutduiln.
1094:: t Einege dat wie nich dun is slikkerij uutdeiln.
2908:Some often used Gronings words are listed below:
2026:Doe hest n hail ĂŹnde luu dij scheuvellopen kinnen
1257:in Gronings, while the East Frisian dialects use
839:. The latter is spoken in the Frisian village of
6327:
1974:The East Frisian combination oo (for example in
1088:: t Ainege dat wie nait dudden is slik oetdijln.
925:Gronings can be subdivided into eight dialects:
711:influence and take a remarkable position within
3983:Langue des signes Francophone de Belgique, LSFB
1119:: Het enige wat we niet doen is snoep uitdelen.
2859:net zo as wie vergeven elk dij os wat aandut.
1076:: t Eenege dat wie niet doun is slik uutdeeln.
5999:
4042:
3705:
2051:You have a lot of employees who can ice skate
632:
2853:en reken os nait tou wat wie verkeerd doun,
809:. For the dialects in the southeast, called
2773:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2064:dialects these words are pronounced with a
1808:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1730:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1539:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1436:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1307:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1169:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1036:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
893:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
757:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
6006:
5992:
4049:
4035:
3712:
3698:
2383:/ only occurs in the word-medial position.
1666:Gronings does not receive much attention.
639:
625:
346:
3679:New teaching materials for younger pupils
2793:Learn how and when to remove this message
1828:Learn how and when to remove this message
1750:Learn how and when to remove this message
1559:Learn how and when to remove this message
1456:Learn how and when to remove this message
1327:Learn how and when to remove this message
1217:. The East Frisian influence, the sounds
1189:Learn how and when to remove this message
1056:Learn how and when to remove this message
913:Learn how and when to remove this message
797:, spoken in the north of the province of
777:Learn how and when to remove this message
131:Learn how and when to remove this message
1660:
394:
3604:
3503:from (as in "Where do you come from?")
2873:(litt. But deliver us from the tempter)
2867:(litt. And lead us not into temptation)
2012:Linguistic distance from Standard Dutch
379:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
14:
6328:
4056:
2871:mor wil van verlaaider ons verlözzen.
931:Subdivision of the Groningen dialects
6013:
5987:
5720:
5334:
4078:
4030:
3693:
3624:
2422:
2042:
1769:
949:of Groningen, Friesland, and Drenthe
658:
417:This article is a part of a series on
3634:, Uitgeverij Contact, pp. 25â36
3600:
3598:
2879:(litt. Because Thou art the kingdom)
2771:adding citations to reliable sources
2738:
1806:adding citations to reliable sources
1773:
1728:adding citations to reliable sources
1695:
1537:adding citations to reliable sources
1504:
1434:adding citations to reliable sources
1401:
1305:adding citations to reliable sources
1272:
1167:adding citations to reliable sources
1134:
1034:adding citations to reliable sources
1001:
891:adding citations to reliable sources
858:
755:adding citations to reliable sources
722:
699:. Gronings and the strongly related
406:A Gronings speaker, recorded in the
69:adding citations to reliable sources
40:
4611:Plautdietsch / Mennonite Low German
2817:dat Joen Noam haailegd worden zel,
1645:, which is a little less specific.
1598:Examples of Gronings magazines are
947:Gronings dialects in the provinces
691:and around the Groningen border in
24:
5970:Languages between parentheses are
5335:
3617:
3549:
2843:(litt. The bread we need so badly)
2841:t Stoet doar wie verlet om hebben
1353:(surrounding lands of the city of
1261:, related to the High German word
936:
25:
6377:
3640:
3595:
2823:dat Joen Keunenkriek kommen mag,
2640:
2633:
2615:
2608:
2599:
2590:
2576:
2569:
2562:
2555:
2548:
2541:
2534:
2520:
2513:
2504:
2497:
2490:
2483:
2387:
2378:
2361:
2347:
2340:
2333:
2315:
2297:
2290:
2283:
2269:
2262:
2255:
2248:
2231:
2223:
2216:
2209:
2185:
2177:
2170:
2152:
2145:
2138:
1130:
819:. In the easternmost part of the
683:), is a collective name for some
172:, parts in the north and east of
38:spoken in the Groningen province.
2865:En breng os nait in verlaaiden,
2837:(litt. On earth, like in heaven)
2819:(litt. May Thy name be hallowed)
2743:
2399:/ before a consonant (e.g. ~ ).
1778:
1700:
1509:
1406:
1277:
1139:
1006:
863:
727:
45:
6361:Culture of Groningen (province)
3578:"Pervinzioale Schriefwedstried"
2885:(litt. the Power and the Glory)
1649:wrote a dictionary of Gronings
56:needs additional citations for
5974:of the language on their left.
3570:
2877:Den Joe binnen t Keunenkriek,
176:, the easternmost part of the
13:
1:
5865:Germanic substrate hypothesis
5721:
3978:Deutsche GebÀrdensprache, DGS
3582:Huis van de Groninger Cultuur
3542:
2899:
2883:de Kracht en de Heerlekhaid.
2094:
2060:. In Gronings and many other
1397:
827:, the western dialect called
6341:Languages of the Netherlands
5895:Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law
4586:Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch
4011:Languages of the Netherlands
3988:Nederlandse Gebarentaal, NGT
2910:
2831:(litt. May Thy will be done)
2825:(litt. May Thy kingdom come)
2813:(litt. Our Father in Heaven)
2734:
2692:
2089:
1368:and the eastern lordship of
599:East Low Franconian dialects
513:West Low Franconian dialects
432:Languages of the Netherlands
7:
6336:Northern Low Saxon dialects
5875:High German consonant shift
2849:(litt. give it to us today)
1677:(language and literature).
854:
10:
6382:
4413:WestlauwersâTerschellings
4066:According to contemporary
3720:Languages and dialects of
3665:Course in Gronings on line
3609:. University of Groningen.
3327:moped (motorized bicycle)
997:
687:spoken in the province of
29:
6310:
6266:
6225:
6180:
6171:
6135:
6119:
6110:
6043:
6021:
5957:
5908:
5832:
5801:
5733:
5729:
5716:
5665:
5638:
5592:Southern Schleswig Danish
5523:
5404:
5360:
5351:
5347:
5330:
5171:
5114:
5002:
4993:
4898:
4870:
4829:
4820:
4795:
4777:
4688:
4660:
4634:
4625:
4576:
4489:
4464:
4455:
4394:
4289:
4238:
4213:
4204:
4100:
4091:
4087:
4074:
4064:
4001:
3970:
3728:
2919:
2916:
2913:
2835:op Eerd net as in hemel.
2698:
2659:
2630:
2628:
2561:
2436:
2429:
2417:
2412:
2410:
2403:
2327:
2307:
2277:
2196:
2125:
2101:
1609:(language and signs) and
1268:
365:
345:
329:
313:
308:
297:Official language in
295:
290:
274:
207:
197:
187:
161:
150:
145:
27:Friso-Saxon dialect group
5870:West Germanic gemination
5824:Ancient Belgian language
5819:Germanic parent language
5763:Weser-Rhine (Istvaeonic)
4885:Austrian Standard German
4079:
3993:Vlaamse Gebarentaal, VGT
3470:pavement (AmE sidewalk)
3299:poeppetoon; Woalse boon
3096:braces (AmE suspenders)
2829:dat Joen wil doan wordt
1985:). In some parts of the
1691:
1657:(sanity and greetings).
1500:
1392:
352:Gronings area (blue) in
4016:Languages of Luxembourg
3605:Veldman, Fokko (1992).
3566:(subscription required)
3038:verwaand; aanstellerig
1671:University of Groningen
1620:, which actually means
718:
676:
6279:East Frisian Low Saxon
5931:Preterite-present verb
5814:Proto-Germanic grammar
5768:North Sea (Ingvaeonic)
4880:German Standard German
4556:East Frisian Low Saxon
3685:Gronings for beginners
3628:Honderd Jaar Stadstaal
3305:broad bean; fava bean
2710:The starting point of
1860:East Frisian Low Saxon
1842:East Frisian Low Saxon
1655:Gezondhaid en Groutnis
1110:North German Low Saxon
1104:East Frisian Low Saxon
941:
411:
367:This article contains
6188:Bökingharde (Mooring)
6081:Mainland West Frisian
5936:Grammatischer Wechsel
4919:Namibian Black German
4890:Swiss Standard German
4859:Early New High German
4417:Mainland West Frisian
4278:Harlingerland Frisian
2847:geef os dat vandoag,
1661:Education and culture
1247:High German languages
940:
849:East Frisian language
405:
34:/regional variety of
6356:Culture of Friesland
5941:Indo-European ablaut
5921:Germanic strong verb
5890:Germanic spirant law
5027:Southeast Limburgish
4523:Gelders-Overijssels
4152:Irish Middle English
4142:Early Modern English
4006:Languages of Belgium
3851:Standard High German
3071:een aantal (mensen)
2891:(litt. For eternity)
2811:Os Voader in Hemel,
2767:improve this section
1802:improve this section
1724:improve this section
1533:improve this section
1430:improve this section
1301:improve this section
1163:improve this section
1030:improve this section
887:improve this section
751:improve this section
656:Dutch pronunciation:
613:Southeast Limburgish
65:improve this article
6292:Stadsfries dialects
6267:Substratum dialects
5909:Synchronic features
5880:Germanic a-mutation
5833:Diachronic features
5183:in the broad sense
5116:East Central German
5070:Lorraine Franconian
5044:Transylvanian Saxon
5004:West Central German
4779:East Low Franconian
4689:West Low Franconian
3404:sweets (AmE candy)
3137:klont; dik persoon
2889:Veur in aiweghaid.
2654:
1478:Hoogezand-Sappemeer
1241:. In this case the
660:[ËÉŁroËnÉȘĆs]
203:590,000 (2003)
6351:Culture of Drenthe
6302:West Frisian Dutch
5926:Germanic weak verb
5735:Language subgroups
5085:Pennsylvania Dutch
5034:Moselle Franconian
5012:Central Franconian
4845:Middle High German
4596:Central Pomeranian
4551:Northern Low Saxon
4264:Wangerooge Frisian
4058:Germanic languages
3877:Northern Low Saxon
3659:Course in Gronings
3475:verlet hebben van
3437:vomiting; spewing
3162:round ceiling mop
3005:schoorsteenmantel
2652:
1770:Frisian substratum
942:
685:Low Saxon dialects
460:Northern Low Saxon
451:Low Saxon dialects
412:
249:Northern Low Saxon
234:North Sea Germanic
80:"Gronings dialect"
6366:Noardeast-FryslĂąn
6346:Frisian languages
6323:
6322:
6317:extinct languages
6262:
6261:
6167:
6166:
6106:
6105:
6095:
6015:Frisian languages
5981:
5980:
5966:extinct languages
5953:
5952:
5949:
5948:
5900:Great Vowel Shift
5712:
5711:
5708:
5707:
5661:
5660:
5507:Greenlandic Norse
5326:
5325:
5322:
5321:
5318:
5317:
5257:Southern Bavarian
5240:Northern Bavarian
5216:Highest Alemannic
5167:
5166:
4901:standard variants
4816:
4815:
4662:Standard variants
4621:
4620:
4480:Middle Low German
4451:
4450:
4447:
4446:
4251:Saterland Frisian
4024:
4023:
3564:(18th ed., 2015)
3540:
3539:
3140:lump; fat person
3123:graimen, klaaien
3046:eerdappel/eerpel
2803:
2802:
2795:
2714:varies from back
2707:
2706:
2650:
2649:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2440:
2433:
2357:
2356:
2245:
2206:
2167:
2135:
1972:
1971:
1838:
1837:
1830:
1760:
1759:
1752:
1629:Kornelis ter Laan
1569:
1568:
1561:
1466:
1465:
1458:
1337:
1336:
1329:
1199:
1198:
1191:
1066:
1065:
1058:
957:Kollumerpompsters
953:
952:
923:
922:
915:
836:Kollumerpompsters
825:Noardeast-FryslĂąn
787:
786:
779:
649:
648:
403:
393:
392:
375:rendering support
371:phonetic symbols.
182:Noardeast-FryslĂąn
141:
140:
133:
115:
16:(Redirected from
6373:
6178:
6177:
6117:
6116:
6091:
6064:
6063:
6058:Schiermonnikoogs
6008:
6001:
5994:
5985:
5984:
5758:Elbe (Irminonic)
5731:
5730:
5718:
5717:
5646:Mainland Gutnish
5536:Swedish dialects
5498:Middle Icelandic
5472:Middle Norwegian
5361:Historical forms
5358:
5357:
5349:
5348:
5332:
5331:
5291:South Franconian
5277:Hutterite German
5245:Central Bavarian
5065:Rhine Franconian
5000:
4999:
4830:Historical forms
4827:
4826:
4742:Surinamese Dutch
4635:Historical forms
4632:
4631:
4465:Historical forms
4462:
4461:
4214:Historical forms
4211:
4210:
4098:
4097:
4089:
4088:
4076:
4075:
4051:
4044:
4037:
4028:
4027:
3944:
3937:
3930:
3923:
3916:
3909:
3902:
3895:
3886:
3879:
3860:
3853:
3839:
3832:
3825:
3818:
3811:
3792:
3785:
3778:
3771:
3764:
3755:
3748:
3741:
3714:
3707:
3700:
3691:
3690:
3647:www.dideldom.com
3635:
3633:
3611:
3610:
3602:
3593:
3592:
3590:
3588:
3574:
3568:
3567:
3553:
3481:to need (badly)
2911:
2798:
2791:
2787:
2784:
2778:
2747:
2739:
2729:
2721:
2713:
2703:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2655:
2651:
2644:
2637:
2619:
2612:
2603:
2594:
2580:
2573:
2566:
2559:
2552:
2545:
2538:
2524:
2517:
2508:
2501:
2494:
2487:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2438:
2431:
2408:
2407:
2398:
2391:
2382:
2373:
2365:
2351:
2344:
2337:
2319:
2301:
2294:
2287:
2273:
2266:
2259:
2252:
2241:
2235:
2227:
2220:
2213:
2202:
2189:
2181:
2174:
2163:
2156:
2149:
2142:
2131:
2099:
2098:
2046:
2041:
2031:
1936:Bispööl/Bispill
1925:Klein or Luttel
1848:
1847:
1833:
1826:
1822:
1819:
1813:
1782:
1774:
1755:
1748:
1744:
1741:
1735:
1704:
1696:
1653:which is titled
1644:
1619:
1608:
1590:
1577:weather forecast
1564:
1557:
1553:
1550:
1544:
1513:
1505:
1461:
1454:
1450:
1447:
1441:
1410:
1402:
1389:in this period.
1379:Hanseatic League
1367:
1332:
1325:
1321:
1318:
1312:
1281:
1273:
1194:
1187:
1183:
1180:
1174:
1143:
1135:
1061:
1054:
1050:
1047:
1041:
1010:
1002:
928:
927:
918:
911:
907:
904:
898:
867:
859:
823:municipality of
782:
775:
771:
768:
762:
731:
723:
670:
669:
668:
662:
657:
641:
634:
627:
561:Surinamese Dutch
551:Indonesian Dutch
414:
413:
404:
350:
341:
325:
318:
280:
213:
143:
142:
136:
129:
125:
122:
116:
114:
73:
49:
41:
21:
6381:
6380:
6376:
6375:
6374:
6372:
6371:
6370:
6326:
6325:
6324:
6319:
6306:
6258:
6221:
6163:
6131:
6102:
6068:
6062:
6039:
6017:
6012:
5982:
5977:
5945:
5904:
5885:Germanic umlaut
5850:Holtzmann's law
5828:
5797:
5725:
5704:
5657:
5634:
5568:South Jutlandic
5553:Danish dialects
5519:
5400:
5343:
5314:
5296:East Franconian
5250:Viennese German
5163:
5144:Silesian German
5110:
5099:Central Hessian
4989:
4914:Namibian German
4903:
4894:
4872:Standard German
4866:
4852:New High German
4838:Old High German
4812:
4791:
4773:
4684:
4656:
4617:
4601:East Pomeranian
4591:Brandenburgisch
4578:East Low German
4572:
4499:Dutch Low Saxon
4491:West Low German
4485:
4443:
4409:Schiermonnikoog
4390:
4285:
4271:Wursten Frisian
4234:
4200:
4083:
4070:
4060:
4055:
4025:
4020:
3997:
3966:
3940:
3933:
3926:
3919:
3912:
3905:
3898:
3891:
3882:
3875:
3856:
3849:
3835:
3828:
3821:
3814:
3807:
3788:
3781:
3774:
3767:
3760:
3751:
3744:
3737:
3724:
3718:
3663:Kursus Grunnegs
3657:Kursus Grunnegs
3643:
3638:
3631:
3620:
3618:Further reading
3615:
3614:
3603:
3596:
3586:
3584:
3576:
3575:
3571:
3565:
3554:
3550:
3545:
3434:braken; spugen
3431:spĂšren; spijen
3104:zeuren; janken
3079:hounder; tuten
2994:boel; toestand
2902:
2799:
2788:
2782:
2779:
2764:
2748:
2737:
2406:
2097:
2092:
2084:Dutch Low Saxon
2039:
2029:
2014:
1834:
1823:
1817:
1814:
1799:
1783:
1772:
1756:
1745:
1739:
1736:
1721:
1705:
1694:
1663:
1647:K. G. Pieterman
1638:
1613:
1602:
1584:
1565:
1554:
1548:
1545:
1530:
1514:
1503:
1462:
1451:
1445:
1442:
1427:
1411:
1400:
1395:
1361:
1333:
1322:
1316:
1313:
1298:
1282:
1271:
1239:Dutch Low Saxon
1215:German dialects
1195:
1184:
1178:
1175:
1160:
1144:
1133:
1086:Hoogelaandsters
1062:
1051:
1045:
1042:
1027:
1011:
1000:
962:Westerkwartiers
948:
919:
908:
902:
899:
884:
868:
857:
830:Westerkwartiers
783:
772:
766:
763:
748:
732:
721:
713:West Low German
664:
663:
655:
645:
395:
373:Without proper
361:
337:
321:
314:
298:
291:Official status
281:
276:
270:
244:West Low German
214:
211:Language family
209:
200:
199:Native speakers
137:
126:
120:
117:
74:
72:
62:
50:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6379:
6369:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6321:
6320:
6311:
6308:
6307:
6305:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6289:
6286:
6281:
6276:
6270:
6268:
6264:
6263:
6260:
6259:
6257:
6256:
6251:
6246:
6237:
6229:
6227:
6223:
6222:
6220:
6219:
6214:
6213:
6212:
6200:
6195:
6190:
6184:
6182:
6175:
6169:
6168:
6165:
6164:
6162:
6161:
6154:
6147:
6139:
6137:
6133:
6132:
6130:
6129:
6123:
6121:
6114:
6108:
6107:
6104:
6103:
6101:
6100:
6099:
6098:
6097:
6096:
6093:Westereendersk
6086:
6078:
6072:
6070:
6061:
6060:
6055:
6049:
6047:
6041:
6040:
6038:
6037:
6034:Middle Frisian
6030:
6022:
6019:
6018:
6011:
6010:
6003:
5996:
5988:
5979:
5978:
5976:
5975:
5968:
5958:
5955:
5954:
5951:
5950:
5947:
5946:
5944:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5912:
5910:
5906:
5905:
5903:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5836:
5834:
5830:
5829:
5827:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5809:Proto-Germanic
5805:
5803:
5799:
5798:
5796:
5795:
5788:
5781:
5773:
5772:
5771:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5750:
5745:
5739:
5737:
5727:
5726:
5714:
5713:
5710:
5709:
5706:
5705:
5703:
5702:
5695:
5688:
5684:Crimean Gothic
5673:
5671:
5663:
5662:
5659:
5658:
5656:
5655:
5654:
5653:
5648:
5639:
5636:
5635:
5633:
5632:
5631:
5630:
5620:
5619:
5618:
5611:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5588:
5587:
5582:
5572:
5571:
5570:
5560:
5558:Insular Danish
5555:
5545:
5544:
5543:
5541:Rinkebysvenska
5538:
5527:
5525:
5521:
5520:
5518:
5517:
5510:
5503:
5502:
5501:
5494:
5482:
5477:
5476:
5475:
5468:
5461:
5455:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5408:
5406:
5402:
5401:
5399:
5398:
5397:
5396:
5389:
5387:Old East Norse
5384:
5382:Old West Norse
5372:
5364:
5362:
5355:
5345:
5344:
5328:
5327:
5324:
5323:
5320:
5319:
5316:
5315:
5313:
5312:
5305:
5304:
5303:
5293:
5288:
5287:
5286:
5285:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5262:South Tyrolean
5254:
5253:
5252:
5242:
5232:
5231:
5230:
5225:
5224:
5223:
5213:
5212:
5211:
5204:High Alemannic
5201:
5200:
5199:
5194:
5177:
5175:
5169:
5168:
5165:
5164:
5162:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5120:
5118:
5112:
5111:
5109:
5108:
5103:
5102:
5101:
5091:
5090:
5089:
5088:
5087:
5082:
5072:
5062:
5061:
5060:
5059:
5058:
5057:
5056:
5046:
5041:
5031:
5030:
5029:
5024:
5008:
5006:
4997:
4995:Central German
4991:
4990:
4988:
4987:
4986:
4985:
4980:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4953:
4948:
4947:
4946:
4936:
4934:Barossa German
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4910:
4908:
4896:
4895:
4893:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4876:
4874:
4868:
4867:
4865:
4864:
4863:
4862:
4848:
4841:
4833:
4831:
4824:
4818:
4817:
4814:
4813:
4811:
4810:
4805:
4799:
4797:
4793:
4792:
4790:
4789:
4783:
4781:
4775:
4774:
4772:
4771:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4738:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4716:
4715:
4713:French Flemish
4705:
4704:
4703:
4692:
4690:
4686:
4685:
4683:
4682:
4672:
4666:
4664:
4658:
4657:
4655:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4638:
4636:
4629:
4627:Low Franconian
4623:
4622:
4619:
4618:
4616:
4615:
4614:
4613:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4582:
4580:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4559:
4558:
4548:
4547:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4535:
4534:
4529:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4495:
4493:
4487:
4486:
4484:
4483:
4476:
4468:
4466:
4459:
4453:
4452:
4449:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4442:
4441:
4440:
4439:
4434:
4433:
4432:
4431:
4430:
4428:Westereendersk
4422:
4411:
4406:
4400:
4398:
4392:
4391:
4389:
4388:
4387:
4386:
4381:
4374:
4369:
4368:
4367:
4362:
4359:
4351:
4346:
4345:
4344:
4333:
4332:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4320:
4319:
4314:
4306:
4295:
4293:
4287:
4286:
4284:
4283:
4282:
4281:
4274:
4267:
4255:
4254:
4253:
4244:
4242:
4236:
4235:
4233:
4232:
4229:Middle Frisian
4225:
4217:
4215:
4208:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4198:
4197:
4196:
4189:
4177:
4176:
4175:
4168:
4161:
4149:
4148:
4147:
4146:
4145:
4135:Modern English
4131:
4128:Middle English
4124:
4117:
4106:
4104:
4095:
4085:
4084:
4072:
4071:
4065:
4062:
4061:
4054:
4053:
4046:
4039:
4031:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4002:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3974:
3972:
3971:Sign languages
3968:
3967:
3965:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3948:
3947:
3946:
3945:
3938:
3931:
3924:
3917:
3910:
3903:
3889:
3888:
3887:
3868:
3863:
3862:
3861:
3854:
3842:
3841:
3840:
3833:
3826:
3819:
3812:
3809:Belgian French
3800:
3795:
3794:
3793:
3786:
3779:
3772:
3765:
3758:
3757:
3756:
3742:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3717:
3716:
3709:
3702:
3694:
3688:
3687:
3682:
3677:Press release
3675:
3668:Press release
3666:
3660:
3654:
3649:
3642:
3641:External links
3639:
3637:
3636:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3594:
3569:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3538:
3537:
3534:
3531:
3527:
3526:
3523:
3520:
3516:
3515:
3512:
3509:
3505:
3504:
3501:
3498:
3494:
3493:
3490:
3487:
3483:
3482:
3479:
3476:
3472:
3471:
3468:
3465:
3461:
3460:
3457:
3454:
3450:
3449:
3446:
3443:
3439:
3438:
3435:
3432:
3428:
3427:
3424:
3421:
3417:
3416:
3413:
3410:
3406:
3405:
3402:
3399:
3395:
3394:
3391:
3388:
3384:
3383:
3380:
3377:
3373:
3372:
3369:
3366:
3362:
3361:
3358:
3355:
3351:
3350:
3347:
3344:
3340:
3339:
3336:
3333:
3329:
3328:
3325:
3322:
3318:
3317:
3316:(plastic) bag
3314:
3313:(plastic) zak
3311:
3307:
3306:
3303:
3300:
3296:
3295:
3292:
3289:
3285:
3284:
3281:
3278:
3274:
3273:
3270:
3267:
3263:
3262:
3259:
3256:
3252:
3251:
3248:
3245:
3241:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3230:
3229:
3226:
3225:klein; luttel
3223:
3219:
3218:
3215:
3212:
3208:
3207:
3204:
3201:
3197:
3196:
3193:
3190:
3186:
3185:
3182:
3179:
3175:
3174:
3171:
3168:
3164:
3163:
3160:
3157:
3153:
3152:
3149:
3146:
3142:
3141:
3138:
3135:
3131:
3130:
3129:to make grimy
3127:
3124:
3120:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3109:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3098:
3097:
3094:
3091:
3087:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3076:
3075:
3074:some (people)
3072:
3069:
3065:
3064:
3061:
3058:
3054:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3043:
3042:
3039:
3036:
3032:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3021:
3020:
3017:
3014:
3010:
3009:
3006:
3003:
2999:
2998:
2995:
2992:
2988:
2987:
2984:
2981:
2977:
2976:
2973:
2970:
2966:
2965:
2962:
2959:
2955:
2954:
2951:
2948:
2944:
2943:
2940:
2937:
2933:
2932:
2929:
2926:
2922:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2896:
2893:
2887:
2881:
2875:
2869:
2863:
2857:
2851:
2845:
2839:
2833:
2827:
2821:
2815:
2801:
2800:
2751:
2749:
2742:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2705:
2704:
2699:
2697:
2691:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2638:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2613:
2606:
2604:
2597:
2595:
2588:
2582:
2581:
2574:
2567:
2560:
2553:
2546:
2539:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2518:
2511:
2509:
2502:
2495:
2488:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2435:
2427:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2400:
2393:
2384:
2375:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2345:
2338:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2313:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2295:
2288:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2267:
2260:
2253:
2246:
2238:
2237:
2228:
2221:
2214:
2207:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2182:
2175:
2168:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2150:
2143:
2136:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2054:
2053:
2047:
2032:
2013:
2010:
1970:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1950:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1930:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1890:
1889:
1882:
1875:
1868:
1863:
1856:
1836:
1835:
1786:
1784:
1777:
1771:
1768:
1758:
1757:
1708:
1706:
1699:
1693:
1690:
1662:
1659:
1600:Toal en Taiken
1567:
1566:
1517:
1515:
1508:
1502:
1499:
1464:
1463:
1414:
1412:
1405:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1335:
1334:
1285:
1283:
1276:
1270:
1267:
1206:, also called
1197:
1196:
1147:
1145:
1138:
1132:
1131:Classification
1129:
1128:
1127:
1120:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1098:Veenkelonioals
1095:
1089:
1083:
1077:
1074:Westerkertiers
1064:
1063:
1014:
1012:
1005:
999:
996:
995:
994:
989:
987:Veenkoloniaals
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
951:
950:
944:
943:
933:
932:
921:
920:
871:
869:
862:
856:
853:
812:Veenkoloniaals
785:
784:
767:September 2022
735:
733:
726:
720:
717:
707:have a strong
647:
646:
644:
643:
636:
629:
621:
618:
617:
616:
615:
610:
602:
601:
595:
594:
593:
592:
587:
582:
581:
580:
575:
565:
564:
563:
558:
553:
548:
538:
533:
528:
526:French Flemish
516:
515:
509:
508:
507:
506:
505:
504:
499:
494:
489:
484:
479:
469:
468:
467:
454:
453:
447:
446:
445:
444:
439:
437:Dutch dialects
434:
426:
425:
419:
418:
391:
390:
377:, you may see
363:
362:
351:
343:
342:
335:
327:
326:
319:
311:
310:
309:Language codes
306:
305:
299:
296:
293:
292:
288:
287:
282:
278:Writing system
275:
272:
271:
269:
268:
267:
266:
265:
264:
263:
262:
261:
260:
259:
258:
257:
256:
217:
215:
208:
205:
204:
201:
198:
195:
194:
189:
185:
184:
163:
162:Native to
159:
158:
148:
147:
139:
138:
53:
51:
44:
36:Standard Dutch
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6378:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6333:
6331:
6318:
6314:
6309:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6271:
6269:
6265:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6235:
6231:
6230:
6228:
6224:
6218:
6215:
6211:
6208:
6207:
6206:
6205:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6185:
6183:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6173:North Frisian
6170:
6160:
6159:
6158:Harlingerland
6155:
6153:
6152:
6148:
6146:
6145:
6141:
6140:
6138:
6134:
6128:
6125:
6124:
6122:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6109:
6094:
6090:
6089:
6088:Wood Frisian
6087:
6084:
6083:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6076:Terschellings
6074:
6073:
6071:
6069:Terschellings
6065:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6050:
6048:
6046:
6042:
6036:
6035:
6031:
6029:
6028:
6024:
6023:
6020:
6016:
6009:
6004:
6002:
5997:
5995:
5990:
5989:
5986:
5973:
5969:
5967:
5963:
5960:
5959:
5956:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5916:Germanic verb
5914:
5913:
5911:
5907:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5855:Sievers's law
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5837:
5835:
5831:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5806:
5804:
5802:Reconstructed
5800:
5794:
5793:
5789:
5787:
5786:
5782:
5780:
5779:
5775:
5774:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5755:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5740:
5738:
5736:
5732:
5728:
5724:
5719:
5715:
5701:
5700:
5696:
5694:
5693:
5689:
5686:
5685:
5680:
5679:
5675:
5674:
5672:
5670:
5669:
5664:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5643:
5641:
5640:
5637:
5629:
5626:
5625:
5624:
5621:
5617:
5616:
5615:Middle Danish
5612:
5610:
5609:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5577:
5576:
5573:
5569:
5566:
5565:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5550:
5549:
5546:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5533:
5532:
5529:
5528:
5526:
5522:
5516:
5515:
5511:
5509:
5508:
5504:
5500:
5499:
5495:
5493:
5492:
5491:Old Icelandic
5488:
5487:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5474:
5473:
5469:
5467:
5466:
5465:Old Norwegian
5462:
5459:
5456:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5414:
5413:
5410:
5409:
5407:
5403:
5395:
5394:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5379:
5378:
5377:
5373:
5371:
5370:
5366:
5365:
5363:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5350:
5346:
5342:
5338:
5333:
5329:
5311:
5310:
5306:
5302:
5299:
5298:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5283:
5282:Gottscheerish
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5259:
5258:
5255:
5251:
5248:
5247:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5237:
5236:
5233:
5229:
5226:
5222:
5221:Walser German
5219:
5218:
5217:
5214:
5210:
5207:
5206:
5205:
5202:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5189:
5188:
5187:Low Alemannic
5185:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5178:
5176:
5174:
5170:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5149:High Prussian
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5134:Erzgebirgisch
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5121:
5119:
5117:
5113:
5107:
5104:
5100:
5097:
5096:
5095:
5092:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5077:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5067:
5066:
5063:
5055:
5052:
5051:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5039:Luxembourgish
5037:
5036:
5035:
5032:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5019:
5018:
5015:
5014:
5013:
5010:
5009:
5007:
5005:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4992:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4978:
4977:Klezmer-loshn
4974:
4972:
4971:Scots Yiddish
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4958:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4945:
4942:
4941:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4911:
4909:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4877:
4875:
4873:
4869:
4861:
4860:
4856:
4855:
4854:
4853:
4849:
4847:
4846:
4842:
4840:
4839:
4835:
4834:
4832:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4819:
4809:
4808:Meuse-Rhenish
4806:
4804:
4801:
4800:
4798:
4794:
4788:
4785:
4784:
4782:
4780:
4776:
4770:
4766:
4762:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4739:
4736:
4735:Kleverlandish
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4714:
4711:
4710:
4709:
4706:
4702:
4699:
4698:
4697:
4696:Central Dutch
4694:
4693:
4691:
4687:
4680:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4667:
4665:
4663:
4659:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4639:
4637:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4624:
4612:
4609:
4608:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4583:
4581:
4579:
4575:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4557:
4554:
4553:
4552:
4549:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4524:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4504:Stellingwarfs
4502:
4501:
4500:
4497:
4496:
4494:
4492:
4488:
4482:
4481:
4477:
4475:
4474:
4470:
4469:
4467:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4454:
4438:
4435:
4429:
4426:
4425:
4424:Wood Frisian
4423:
4420:
4419:
4418:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4401:
4399:
4397:
4393:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4379:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4366:
4363:
4360:
4357:
4356:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4342:
4341:
4340:
4337:
4336:
4334:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4309:
4307:
4305:
4304:
4300:
4299:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4292:
4291:North Frisian
4288:
4280:
4279:
4275:
4273:
4272:
4268:
4266:
4265:
4261:
4260:
4259:
4256:
4252:
4249:
4248:
4246:
4245:
4243:
4241:
4237:
4231:
4230:
4226:
4224:
4223:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4203:
4195:
4194:
4190:
4188:
4187:
4183:
4182:
4181:
4178:
4174:
4173:
4169:
4167:
4166:
4162:
4160:
4159:
4155:
4154:
4153:
4150:
4144:
4143:
4139:
4138:
4137:
4136:
4132:
4130:
4129:
4125:
4123:
4122:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4112:
4111:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4103:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4093:Anglo-Frisian
4090:
4086:
4082:
4077:
4073:
4069:
4063:
4059:
4052:
4047:
4045:
4040:
4038:
4033:
4032:
4029:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4003:
4000:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3969:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3952:Luxembourgish
3950:
3943:
3939:
3936:
3932:
3929:
3925:
3922:
3921:Stellingwarfs
3918:
3915:
3911:
3908:
3904:
3901:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3890:
3885:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3874:
3873:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3859:
3855:
3852:
3848:
3847:
3846:
3843:
3838:
3834:
3831:
3827:
3824:
3820:
3817:
3813:
3810:
3806:
3805:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3791:
3787:
3784:
3780:
3777:
3773:
3770:
3769:Kleverlandish
3766:
3763:
3759:
3754:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3746:Central Dutch
3743:
3740:
3736:
3735:
3734:
3731:
3730:
3727:
3723:
3715:
3710:
3708:
3703:
3701:
3696:
3695:
3692:
3686:
3683:
3680:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3667:
3664:
3661:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3630:
3629:
3623:
3622:
3608:
3601:
3599:
3583:
3579:
3573:
3563:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3548:
3535:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3524:
3521:
3518:
3517:
3513:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3502:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3491:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3480:
3478:nodig hebben
3477:
3474:
3473:
3469:
3466:
3463:
3462:
3458:
3455:
3452:
3451:
3447:
3444:
3441:
3440:
3436:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3414:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3403:
3400:
3397:
3396:
3392:
3389:
3386:
3385:
3381:
3378:
3375:
3374:
3370:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3352:
3348:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3337:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3326:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3312:
3309:
3308:
3304:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3293:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3271:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3260:
3257:
3254:
3253:
3249:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3238:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3227:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3216:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3194:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3183:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3172:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3161:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3139:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3128:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3118:dirty liquid
3117:
3114:
3111:
3110:
3106:
3103:
3100:
3099:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3062:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3051:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3018:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3007:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2996:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2985:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2963:
2960:
2957:
2956:
2952:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2941:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2931:continuously
2930:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2894:
2892:
2888:
2886:
2882:
2880:
2876:
2874:
2870:
2868:
2864:
2862:
2858:
2856:
2852:
2850:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2838:
2834:
2832:
2828:
2826:
2822:
2820:
2816:
2814:
2810:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2806:Lordâs Prayer
2797:
2794:
2786:
2783:February 2023
2776:
2772:
2768:
2762:
2761:
2757:
2752:This section
2750:
2746:
2741:
2740:
2727:
2719:
2709:
2708:
2700:
2696:
2693:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2657:
2656:
2646:
2643:
2639:
2636:
2632:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2611:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2572:
2568:
2565:
2558:
2554:
2551:
2547:
2544:
2540:
2537:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2516:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2503:
2500:
2496:
2493:
2489:
2486:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2476:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2444:
2441:
2434:
2428:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2409:
2394:
2390:
2385:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2364:
2359:
2358:
2353:
2350:
2346:
2343:
2339:
2336:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2296:
2293:
2289:
2286:
2282:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2265:
2261:
2258:
2254:
2251:
2247:
2244:
2240:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2226:
2222:
2219:
2215:
2212:
2208:
2205:
2201:
2199:
2195:
2192:
2188:
2183:
2180:
2176:
2173:
2169:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2151:
2148:
2144:
2141:
2137:
2134:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2076:
2074:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2052:
2048:
2045:
2037:
2033:
2027:
2023:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2009:
2007:
2003:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1977:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1956:Bloot/Blood
1955:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1904:
1902:Schlittschuh
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1832:
1829:
1821:
1818:February 2023
1811:
1807:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1787:This section
1785:
1781:
1776:
1775:
1767:
1765:
1754:
1751:
1743:
1740:February 2023
1733:
1729:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1709:This section
1707:
1703:
1698:
1697:
1689:
1687:
1682:
1678:
1676:
1672:
1667:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1651:alliterations
1648:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1630:
1625:
1623:
1617:
1612:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1594:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1574:
1563:
1560:
1552:
1549:February 2023
1542:
1538:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1518:This section
1516:
1512:
1507:
1506:
1498:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1460:
1457:
1449:
1446:February 2023
1439:
1435:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1415:This section
1413:
1409:
1404:
1403:
1390:
1387:
1382:
1380:
1376:
1371:
1365:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1351:
1346:
1342:
1331:
1328:
1320:
1317:February 2023
1310:
1306:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1286:This section
1284:
1280:
1275:
1274:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1235:
1233:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1211:
1209:
1208:Nedersaksisch
1205:
1193:
1190:
1182:
1179:February 2023
1172:
1168:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1148:This section
1146:
1142:
1137:
1136:
1125:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1080:Stadsgrunnegs
1078:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1060:
1057:
1049:
1046:February 2023
1039:
1035:
1031:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1015:This section
1013:
1009:
1004:
1003:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
972:Hogelandsters
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
954:
946:
945:
939:
935:
934:
930:
929:
926:
917:
914:
906:
903:February 2023
896:
892:
888:
882:
881:
877:
872:This section
870:
866:
861:
860:
852:
850:
846:
843:and has more
842:
838:
837:
832:
831:
826:
822:
818:
814:
813:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
781:
778:
770:
760:
756:
752:
746:
745:
741:
736:This section
734:
730:
725:
724:
716:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
667:
661:
653:
642:
637:
635:
630:
628:
623:
622:
620:
619:
614:
611:
609:
606:
605:
604:
603:
600:
597:
596:
591:
588:
586:
583:
579:
576:
574:
571:
570:
569:
566:
562:
559:
557:
556:Kleverlandish
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
543:
542:
541:Central Dutch
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
523:
520:
519:
518:
517:
514:
511:
510:
503:
500:
498:
497:Stellingwarfs
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
474:
473:
470:
466:
463:
462:
461:
458:
457:
456:
455:
452:
449:
448:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
429:
428:
427:
424:
421:
420:
416:
415:
409:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
370:
364:
359:
355:
349:
344:
340:
336:
334:
333:
328:
324:
320:
317:
312:
307:
304:
300:
294:
289:
286:
283:
279:
273:
255:
252:
251:
250:
247:
246:
245:
242:
241:
240:
237:
236:
235:
232:
231:
230:
229:West Germanic
227:
226:
225:
222:
221:
220:
219:Indo-European
216:
212:
206:
202:
196:
193:
190:
186:
183:
180:municipality
179:
175:
171:
167:
164:
160:
157:
153:
149:
144:
135:
132:
124:
113:
110:
106:
103:
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
82: â
81:
77:
76:Find sources:
70:
66:
60:
59:
54:This article
52:
48:
43:
42:
37:
33:
19:
6312:
6283:
6249:Heligolandic
6232:
6217:Wiedingharde
6202:
6156:
6149:
6142:
6112:East Frisian
6085:Clay Frisian
6067:Westlauwersâ
6053:Hindeloopens
6045:West Frisian
6032:
6025:
5961:
5845:Verner's law
5790:
5785:Gotho-Nordic
5783:
5776:
5697:
5690:
5682:
5676:
5666:
5651:FÄrö Gutnish
5613:
5606:
5512:
5505:
5496:
5489:
5470:
5463:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5374:
5367:
5307:
5209:Swiss German
5173:Upper German
5106:Amana German
5080:Volga German
5049:HunsrĂŒckisch
4975:
4929:Unserdeutsch
4924:Berlinerisch
4857:
4850:
4843:
4836:
4796:Cover groups
4752:Mohawk Dutch
4747:Jersey Dutch
4725:East Flemish
4708:West Flemish
4652:Middle Dutch
4606:Low Prussian
4513:
4478:
4471:
4437:Terschelling
4421:Clay Frisian
4396:West Frisian
4384:Wiedingharde
4376:
4364:
4324:Heligolandic
4301:
4276:
4269:
4262:
4257:
4240:East Frisian
4227:
4220:
4193:Middle Scots
4191:
4184:
4170:
4163:
4156:
4151:
4140:
4133:
4126:
4119:
3962:West Frisian
3883:
3776:West Flemish
3762:East Flemish
3627:
3606:
3585:. Retrieved
3581:
3572:
3559:
3551:
3492:to demolish
3346:gereedschap
3321:plof(fiets)
3294:grandmother
3181:kruisbessen
3170:ruzie maken
3151:wheelbarrow
3008:mantelpiece
2928:voortdurend
2907:
2903:
2890:
2884:
2878:
2872:
2866:
2860:
2854:
2848:
2842:
2836:
2830:
2824:
2818:
2812:
2805:
2804:
2789:
2780:
2765:Please help
2753:
2080:West Frisian
2077:
2072:
2070:
2066:glottal stop
2055:
2050:
2035:
2025:
2015:
2005:
2004:; Gronings:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1982:
1981:; Gronings:
1979:
1975:
1973:
1884:
1877:
1870:
1865:
1858:
1853:West Frisian
1851:
1839:
1824:
1815:
1800:Please help
1788:
1761:
1746:
1737:
1722:Please help
1710:
1683:
1679:
1674:
1668:
1664:
1654:
1636:Siemon Reker
1633:
1626:
1597:
1592:
1582:Boven Wotter
1572:
1570:
1555:
1546:
1531:Please help
1519:
1469:
1467:
1452:
1443:
1428:Please help
1416:
1386:Middle Dutch
1383:
1348:
1345:East Frisian
1338:
1323:
1314:
1299:Please help
1287:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1236:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1212:
1207:
1200:
1185:
1176:
1161:Please help
1149:
1097:
1092:Westerwoolds
1091:
1085:
1079:
1073:
1067:
1052:
1043:
1028:Please help
1016:
992:Noord-Drents
991:
986:
981:
977:Oldambtsters
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
924:
909:
900:
885:Please help
873:
845:West Frisian
841:Kollumerpomp
834:
828:
816:
810:
806:
794:
790:
788:
773:
764:
749:Please help
737:
709:East Frisian
680:
651:
650:
598:
531:East Flemish
522:West Flemish
512:
464:
450:
366:
330:
253:
155:
151:
127:
118:
108:
101:
94:
87:
75:
63:Please help
58:verification
55:
6027:Old Frisian
5860:Kluge's law
5840:Grimm's law
5623:Dalecarlian
5602:Perkerdansk
5575:East Danish
5393:Old Gutnish
5369:Proto-Norse
5309:Langobardic
5301:Vogtlandian
5129:Upper Saxon
4983:Lachoudisch
4944:Lotegorisch
4822:High German
4568:Westphalian
4563:Eastphalian
4527:Achterhooks
4404:Hindeloopen
4339:Bökingharde
4308:FöhrâAmrum
4222:Old Frisian
4186:Early Scots
4121:Old English
3900:Achterhoeks
3893:Westphalian
3845:High German
3486:vernaggeln
3415:very badly
3338:(red) beet
3277:"Om toch!"
3247:boerenkool
3233:mishottjen
3184:gooseberry
3173:to wrangle
3156:kopstubber
3115:vies water
3019:right away
2653:Diphthongs
2329:Approximant
2073:n hail ĂŹnde
2040:pronounced:
2030:pronounced:
1987:Rheiderland
1976:Bloot/Blood
1639: [
1614: [
1603: [
1585: [
1573:Radio Noord
1486:Stadskanaal
1470:Radio Noord
1375:East Frisia
1370:Westerwolde
1362: [
1341:Old Frisian
1255:"veurbeeld"
1251:"voorbeeld"
1232:Westphalian
982:Westerwolds
803:Noordenveld
705:East Frisia
477:Achterhooks
472:Westphalian
408:Netherlands
381:instead of
303:Netherlands
166:Netherlands
6330:Categories
6234:Eiderstedt
6144:Wangerooge
5692:Burgundian
5608:Old Danish
5597:GĂžtudanskt
5580:Bornholmsk
5442:Vestlandsk
5422:Kebabnorsk
5159:Halcnovian
5124:Thuringian
4787:Limburgish
4757:Stadsfries
4730:Brabantian
4457:Low German
4303:Eiderstedt
4158:Fingallian
3957:Papiamento
3871:Low German
3866:Limburgish
3816:Champenois
3790:Stadsfries
3739:Brabantian
3652:Groningana
3561:Ethnologue
3543:References
3489:vernielen
3453:steekruif
3448:difficult
3354:schraaien
3335:rode biet
3302:tuinbonen
3236:mislukken
3178:krudoorns
3148:kruiwagen
3049:aardappel
2900:Vocabulary
2095:Consonants
2024:Gronings:
2018:Limburgish
1945:Voorbeeld
1939:Veurbeeld
1908:Ice skate
1593:Grunnegers
1494:Winschoten
1398:Daily life
1350:Ommelanden
1263:"beispiel"
1259:"biespööl"
1204:Low German
967:Stadjeders
608:Limburgish
585:Stadsfries
578:Brusselian
573:Antwerpian
568:Brabantian
239:Low German
121:March 2015
91:newspapers
6315:indicate
6288:Midslands
6198:Karrharde
6193:Goesharde
6127:Saterland
5972:varieties
5964:indicate
5778:Northwest
5723:Philology
5628:Elfdalian
5563:Jutlandic
5485:Icelandic
5460:(written)
5454:(written)
5432:TrĂžndersk
5412:Norwegian
5376:Old Norse
5197:Coloniero
5181:Alemannic
5154:Wymysorys
5022:Colognian
5017:Ripuarian
4939:Rotwelsch
4769:Midslands
4720:Zeelandic
4701:Hollandic
4675:Afrikaans
4647:Old Dutch
4473:Old Saxon
4372:Karrharde
4354:Goesharde
4335:Mainland
4068:philology
3858:Ripuarian
3783:Zeelandic
3753:Hollandic
3587:March 15,
3497:weg; vot
3456:koolraap
3445:moeilijk
3390:pollepel
3272:mosquito
3261:housefly
3090:hupzelen
3085:chickens
3063:everyone
3060:iedereen
3057:elkenain
3041:affected
3016:zometeen
2975:trousers
2950:dakkapel
2947:akkenail
2914:Gronings
2754:does not
2722:to front
2530:Close-mid
2432:unrounded
2204:voiceless
2198:Fricative
2133:voiceless
2090:Phonology
2062:Low Saxon
2049:English:
1989:they say
1942:Beispiel
1933:Foarbyld
1899:Scheuvel
1789:does not
1764:Ede Staal
1711:does not
1520:does not
1474:Groningen
1417:does not
1355:Groningen
1288:does not
1150:does not
1122:Standard
1115:Standard
1017:does not
874:does not
789:The name
738:does not
701:varieties
697:Friesland
689:Groningen
546:Hollandic
536:Zeelandic
492:Sallaands
442:Afrikaans
360:provinces
354:Groningen
332:Glottolog
316:ISO 639-3
192:Groningen
170:Groningen
6284:Gronings
6274:Amelands
6210:Halligen
6181:Mainland
5699:Vandalic
5642:Gutnish
5447:VikvĂŠrsk
5427:SognamÄl
5417:Bergensk
5267:Cimbrian
5235:Bavarian
5192:Alsatian
5139:Lusatian
5075:Palatine
4765:Amelands
4642:Frankish
4532:Sallaans
4514:Gronings
4365:Southern
4358:Northern
4349:Halligen
4298:Insular
4115:dialects
3914:Sallands
3884:Gronings
3556:Gronings
3536:leaflet
3500:vandaan
3360:to weep
3324:brommer
3239:to fail
3217:village
3167:kribben
3159:ragebol
3101:jeuzeln
3093:bretels
3068:gounend
3030:vinegar
2942:someone
2925:aingoal
2920:English
2586:Open-mid
2110:Alveolar
1948:Example
1905:Schaats
1896:Schöfel
1866:Gronings
1675:letteren
1622:cannabis
1490:Delfzijl
855:Dialects
817:Gronings
791:Gronings
681:Grönnegs
677:Grunnegs
673:Gronings
652:Gronings
465:Gronings
387:Help:IPA
339:gron1242
254:Gronings
224:Germanic
156:Grönnegs
152:Grunnegs
146:Gronings
18:Gronings
6313:Italics
6226:Insular
6151:Wursten
5962:Italics
5585:Scanian
5531:Swedish
5480:Faroese
5458:Nynorsk
5437:Valdris
5272:MĂČcheno
5228:Swabian
5094:Hessian
5054:Hunsrik
4966:Western
4961:Eastern
4956:Yiddish
4906:creoles
4803:Bergish
4519:DrĂšents
4509:Tweants
4361:Central
4343:Mooring
4206:Frisian
4165:Kildare
4110:English
3928:Tweants
3907:DrĂšents
3837:Walloon
3823:Lorrain
3798:English
3722:Benelux
3681:YouTube
3673:YouTube
3533:folder
3511:meisje
3459:turnip
3382:around
3376:sikkom
3365:siepel
3357:huilen
3332:rebait
3266:neefie
3228:little
3206:crying
3203:huilen
3200:liepen
3134:kloede
3126:morsen
3107:to nag
3082:kippen
3052:potato
3013:dammit
3002:bözzem
2991:boudel
2969:boksem
2961:zolder
2953:dormer
2939:iemand
2775:removed
2760:sources
2735:Example
2439:rounded
2419:Central
2120:Glottal
2034:Dutch:
1928:Little
1916:LĂŒttje
1886:English
1810:removed
1795:sources
1732:removed
1717:sources
1686:English
1669:At the
1541:removed
1526:sources
1482:Veendam
1438:removed
1423:sources
1359:Gorecht
1309:removed
1294:sources
1171:removed
1156:sources
1038:removed
1023:sources
998:Example
895:removed
880:sources
821:Frisian
799:Drenthe
759:removed
744:sources
693:Drenthe
502:Tweants
482:DrĂšents
383:Unicode
358:Drenthe
178:Frisian
174:Drenthe
105:scholar
6297:Bildts
6204:Strand
5678:Gothic
5548:Danish
5452:BokmÄl
4951:Yenish
4761:Bildts
4544:Veluws
4539:Urkers
4378:Strand
4102:Anglic
3942:Veluws
3935:Urkers
3830:Picard
3803:French
3530:zedel
3508:wicht
3467:stoep
3464:riepe
3442:stoer
3401:snoep
3393:ladle
3387:slaif
3379:bijna
3371:onion
3349:tools
3343:raive
3258:vlieg
3222:lutje
3145:koare
3112:jirre
3035:eelsk
3027:azijn
2983:stier
2980:bolle
2972:broek
2958:beune
2917:Dutch
2404:Vowels
2243:voiced
2165:voiced
2115:Dorsal
2105:Labial
2016:After
1991:blyowt
1968:Blood
1965:Bloed
1959:Bloud
1953:Bloet
1922:Klein
1919:Lutje
1872:German
1616:nds-nl
1611:Krödde
1605:nds-nl
1587:nds-nl
1364:nds-nl
1269:Origin
1124:German
807:Drents
795:Drents
590:Bildts
487:Veluws
188:Region
107:
100:
93:
86:
78:
32:accent
6244:Amrum
6136:Weser
5792:South
5743:North
5353:North
5337:North
4679:Kaaps
4670:Dutch
4317:Amrum
4258:Weser
4180:Scots
3733:Dutch
3632:(PDF)
3519:wied
3514:girl
3426:kiss
3423:zoen
3420:smok
3409:slim
3398:slik
3310:puut
3288:opoe
3250:kale
3244:mous
3214:dorp
3211:loug
3192:laag
3189:leeg
3024:edik
2997:mess
2986:bull
2964:loft
2936:aine
2728:]
2724:[
2720:]
2716:[
2661:Front
2479:Close
2467:short
2457:short
2447:short
2414:Front
2372:]
2368:[
2309:Trill
2279:Nasal
2058:Dutch
1995:quaad
1983:blowd
1962:Blut
1913:Lyts
1893:Reed
1879:Dutch
1692:Music
1643:]
1618:]
1607:]
1589:]
1501:Media
1393:Usage
1366:]
1243:Dutch
1117:Dutch
423:Dutch
285:Latin
112:JSTOR
98:books
6254:Sylt
6240:Föhr
5753:West
5748:East
5668:East
5524:East
5514:Norn
5405:West
5341:East
5339:and
4904:and
4899:Non-
4329:Sylt
4312:Föhr
4247:Ems
4172:Yola
4081:West
3589:2016
3525:far
3522:ver
3412:erg
3291:oma
3269:mug
3255:mug
3195:low
2895:Amen
2758:any
2756:cite
2712:/Éi/
2695:Open
2666:Back
2625:Open
2472:long
2462:long
2452:long
2424:Back
2127:Stop
2008:)*.
1999:neet
1793:any
1791:cite
1715:any
1713:cite
1524:any
1522:cite
1492:and
1421:any
1419:cite
1292:any
1290:cite
1225:and
1154:any
1152:cite
1021:any
1019:cite
878:any
876:cite
742:any
740:cite
719:Area
695:and
356:and
301:the
84:news
6120:Ems
3558:at
3368:ui
2769:by
2673:Mid
2006:nyt
1804:by
1726:by
1535:by
1432:by
1303:by
1253:is
1165:by
1032:by
889:by
753:by
703:in
679:or
369:IPA
323:gos
67:by
6332::
3597:^
3580:.
2702:Éi
2688:Éu
2683:Ćy
2678:Éi
2635:aË
2617:ÉË
2578:oË
2557:ĂžË
2543:eË
2522:uË
2506:yË
2492:iË
2236:)
2190:)
2086:.
2038:,
2028:,
1641:nl
1624:.
1488:,
1484:,
1480:,
1476:,
1234:.
1227:ui
1223:ai
1221:,
1219:ou
851:.
675::
671:;
168::
154:,
6242:â
6007:e
6000:t
5993:v
5687:)
5681:(
4767:/
4763:/
4759:/
4681:)
4677:(
4050:e
4043:t
4036:v
3713:e
3706:t
3699:v
3591:.
2796:)
2790:(
2785:)
2781:(
2777:.
2763:.
2730:.
2726:ĂŠ
2718:É
2642:É
2610:É
2601:Ć
2592:É
2571:Ê
2564:É
2550:Ê
2536:ÉȘ
2515:u
2499:y
2485:i
2397:É
2389:ÉŠ
2386:/
2380:ÉĄ
2377:/
2374:.
2370:w
2363:Ê
2360:/
2349:j
2342:l
2335:Ê
2317:r
2299:Ć
2292:n
2285:m
2271:ÉŠ
2264:ÉŁ
2257:z
2250:v
2233:h
2230:(
2225:Ï
2218:s
2211:f
2187:ÉĄ
2184:(
2179:d
2172:b
2154:k
2147:t
2140:p
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1825:(
1820:)
1816:(
1812:.
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1747:(
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1315:(
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1297:.
1192:)
1186:(
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1177:(
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1159:.
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1053:(
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1044:(
1040:.
1026:.
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910:(
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901:(
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774:(
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765:(
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654:(
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