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Group Settlement Scheme

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Inadequate resources were provided, and the settlers often lacked the necessary farming skills and suitability for rural enterprise. Unsuitable equipment was often supplied for clearing the immense hardwood timber forests. Uneconomic farm sizes and depressed agricultural prices forced consolidations and various changes to the scheme. In some areas, poor land quality also led to failures. The extreme isolation in the virgin forests and lack of infrastructure such as roads and communications made life difficult. By April 1924, 30% of migrants and 42% of Australians had abandoned their allocations. Others stayed as they had no alternative. Sustenance payments were made to support many families.
272: 139:. After selecting his property from a plan in Perth with advice from the Lands Department, Wozencroft travelled to Pemberton only to discover it to be impossibly isolated and that the heavily timbered property could only be cleared with the assistance of a small team of men. He wrote a letter directly to Premier Mitchell saying that he and his government "should be had up for misrepresentation". Mitchell reacted quickly, possibly fearing a public relations issue, and despatched Barbe More, a Lands Inspector at 2725: 22: 56:. Targeting civilians and others who were otherwise ineligible for the Soldiers' scheme, its principal purpose was to provide a labour force to open up the large tracts of potential agricultural land to ultimately reduce dependence on food imports from interstate. It was also seen by Australians as boosting the ideals of the 239:
The policy helped establish a dairy industry which flourishes today, and many successful farms were cleared by the group workers. It also saw the expansion and establishment of a number of townships, schools and rail links. Over 40,000 hectares (100,000 acres) of land was cleared by the scheme which
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The new method of land settlement was put into effect in March 1921, when Group 1 was started on its way to Manjimup. This group in common with the first 40 inaugurated between this date and December 1922 was made up mainly of colonials or migrants of some years standing, but from then onwards the
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regions. After often only one or two days of acclimatisation and processing on arrival, properties were allocated by ballot and the settlers transported to their selections. After a period of establishment, the settlers were required to repay a 30-year loan (not exceeding £1,000) provided by the
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and the collapse of dairy produce prices, ever more settlers walked off their properties. Politicians called for its scrapping due to the drain of the state's resources with the high failure rate. The last settlement established was at Northcliffe in May 1928. In 1930, government support was
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The promises made to applicants were often unrealistic and sometimes grossly misleading, and caused many to resign and walk off the properties soon after arrival and realisation of the task before them. For those that did persevere, communities endured considerable hardships and deprivation.
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to the property. They were paid 10 shillings per day during the land clearing phase and offered a £10 loan for the purchase of household and agricultural equipment. The loan was interest-only for the first five years. The communities (or groups) typically comprised between twelve and twenty
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by strengthening the Anglo-Australian cultural identity of Australia. High levels of post-war unemployment in Britain saw the UK Government seizing on the scheme as a way to reduce dole-queues. Over 6,000 people emigrated to Western Australia under the scheme which was funded jointly by the
143:. More interviewed Wozencroft in November 1920 who relayed his suggestion that future allotments be made to four of five settlers in a group, and that an expert adviser be initially assigned to each group to assist and advise. 206:
At that time there were 127 groups in operation throughout the South-West. Establishment of new groups was abandoned briefly but later resumed with more settlements at Northcliffe, Busselton and Manjimup.
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Mitchell's plan was for 40-to-65-hectare (100-to-160-acre) land holdings to be cleared and intensively cultivated by the settlers, initially supervised by experienced farmers, to develop a self-sustaining
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The term "Group Settlement" was believed to have come from a suggestion made by a British soldier-settler John Wozencroft who had been assigned a 34.4-hectare (85-acre) allotment near Lefroy Brook at
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which was subdivided and allocated to many of the groups. The sandy soils were found to be of poor quality however, and mostly unsuited for cattle grazing or pastures. The urbanised Perth suburbs of
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Migrant settlers received financial assistance for their and their families' passage to Australia, and in return were required to work in small communities in undeveloped areas in the State's
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Under an agreement made with the British government, the state would take up to 6,000 men from the UK and settle them on 6,000 farms over a five-year period.
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families. They cleared land, built fences and established their farms in areas which had previously been unable to attract settlers.
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colleagues considered the 'unlimited land resources for closer settlement' were the key to the state's economic progress.
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The former Baldivis Primary School, originally known as the Group 50–54 School, opened in 1924 and operated until 1978
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industry. Premier Mitchell was nicknamed "Moo-Cow" from his perceived obsession with the dairy industry. He and his
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from 1971 to 1974. He is the only former teacher to have reached the office of premier of the state.
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supported and continued the scheme through most of his Premiership from 1924 to 1930. With the
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on Group Settlement. The commission's final report was published on 9 June 1925 and included:
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finally withdrawn and management responsibility for the remaining settlements passed to the
8: 247:, many of the abandoned Group Settlement farms were taken over by immigrants under a new 171: 258:, actively promoted the scheme in its early years through his UK newspapers, especially 286: 34: 2991: 3163: 3144: 3125: 3106: 3067: 3045: 2871: 38: 271: 2743: 194: 3124:(new ed.). Margaret River, W.A.: Augusta-Margaret River Shire History Group. 2748: 211: 174:
was instigated during the same period. This freed up potential farmland in the
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in 1921 and comprised eighteen blocks. Other settlements were established in
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The program was succeeded by a Group Migration Scheme operated out of
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Barefoot in the Creek: A Group Settlement Childhood in Margaret River
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was established through the scheme and named to recognise his role.
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Gabbedy (1988) pp. 233-234 "The Migration Agreement, Schedule A."
2894:. Western Australian Land Information Authority. Archived from 313: 3122:
The Light of Leeuwin: The Augusta-Margaret River Shire History
78: 3080: 3014:"Index to Western Australian group settlement information" 170:. A programme of draining the vast floodplains above the 3105:. Nedlands, W.A.: University of Western Australia Press. 2868:
Peel-Harvey : The Decline and Rescue of an Ecosystem
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Index to Western Australian group settlement information
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were part of this area. Samuel Bateman's estate in the
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Gregory, Jenny and Gothard, Jan, ed (1999) pp. 431-432
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1930s map showing Group Settlement Scheme localities
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groups became composed almost entirely of migrants.
3141:To call our own: pioneering the group settlements 3138: 3042:Group Settlement – Part 1, Its Origins (volume 1) 3202: 97: 3016:. Western Australian Land Information Authority 3058: 2870:. Greening the Catchment Taskforce, Mandurah. 3084:Historical Encyclopaedia of Western Australia 3039: 2865: 327: 41:from the early 1920s. It was engineered by 16:Former migration scheme in Western Australia 3081:Gregory, Jenny; Gothard, Jan, eds. (1999). 256:Alfred Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe 2892:"History of metropolitan suburb names – B" 3157: 3119: 3044:. University of Western Australia Press. 3087:. University of Western Australia Press. 2861: 2859: 278:(left) at Nuralingup school in the 1920s 270: 230: 193:In 1924-25 the government established a 20: 2768: 2766: 2764: 3203: 3100: 2822: 2820: 2818: 2816: 2814: 2812: 251:, the next assisted migration scheme. 2856: 2761: 190:area was also similarly subdivided. 130: 2809: 13: 3188:State Library of Western Australia 3093: 3064:A New History of Western Australia 146:The first group settlement was at 14: 3227: 3178: 2970:"Reflection on the Public Sector" 1543:Karridale (near Alexandra Bridge) 1527:Karridale (near Alexandra Bridge) 1511:Karridale (near Alexandra Bridge) 1434:Karridale (near Alexandra Bridge) 2923:. Shire of Serpentine-Jarrahdale 2723: 1930:East Denmark (Lindsay Road). ... 3196:Government of Western Australia 3006: 2962: 2953: 2944: 2935: 2910: 240:had cost the state £3 million. 2884: 2847: 2838: 2829: 2800: 2791: 1: 3032: 1944:Hells Hole (adjoins Group 92) 318:Western Australian Government 98:Individual family settlements 3216:History of Western Australia 2119:Denmark (South West Highway) 7: 3120:Cresswell, Gail J. (2003). 2716: 1788:Hells Hole (Scotsdale Road) 672:Busselton (Abba River area) 590:Busselton (Abba River area) 574:Busselton (Abba River area) 289:at the group settlement of 10: 3232: 3139:M.R.H. Southcombe (1988). 2959:Gabbedy (1988) pp. 211-212 2950:Gabbedy (1988) pp. 202-204 2133:Denmark (adjoins Group 58) 1128:Busselton – Ambergate area 254:British newspaper magnate 92: 1354:Margaret River (west side 1338:Margaret River (east side 1310:Busselton (near Metricup) 328:List of group settlements 285:worked as a teacher at a 249:Soldier Settlement Scheme 226: 50:Soldier Settlement Scheme 48:and followed on from the 37:scheme which operated in 3158:Wiltshire, Trea (2000). 2844:Gabbedy (1988) pp. 78-79 2754: 2739:Immigration to Australia 2731:Western Australia portal 1804:Six Mile (Nornalup Road) 3211:Group Settlement Scheme 31:Group Settlement Scheme 3040:Gabbedy, J.P. (1988). 2866:Bradby, Keith (1997). 2806:Stannage (1981) p. 262 1114:Busselton (Abba River) 1052:Busselton (Abba River) 279: 236: 204: 58:White Australia policy 26: 3101:Burton, L.C. (1996). 2918:"The Brook at Byford" 2853:Gabbedy (1988) p. 117 274: 234: 210:Mitchell's successor 199: 24: 2941:Gabbedy (1988) p. 86 2797:Gabbedy (1988) p. 39 1777:Byford (Peel Estate) 341:Local identification 3143:. Hesperian press. 2972:. 27 September 2012 2778:J.S. Battye Library 1287:Boyndlie Park (now 604:Busselton (renamed 334: 324:from 1959 to 1962. 172:Peel-Harvey Estuary 2994:. Leaver Genealogy 2992:"Group Settlement" 2774:"Group Settlement" 332: 320:. Co-ordinated by 287:two-teacher school 280: 237: 52:immediately after 35:assisted migration 27: 2714: 2713: 2687:Channybearup Road 2477:Kaloorup (Sussex) 2259:Great Hope Valley 1757:Channybearup Road 1741:Channybearup Road 1321:Great Hope Valley 1276:Busselton – Vasse 601:Abba River Siding 221:Agricultural Bank 131:Group settlements 116:Agricultural Bank 39:Western Australia 3223: 3185:Group Settlement 3173: 3154: 3135: 3116: 3088: 3077: 3055: 3026: 3025: 3023: 3021: 3010: 3004: 3003: 3001: 2999: 2988: 2982: 2981: 2979: 2977: 2966: 2960: 2957: 2951: 2948: 2942: 2939: 2933: 2932: 2930: 2928: 2922: 2914: 2908: 2907: 2905: 2903: 2898:on 16 March 2022 2888: 2882: 2881: 2863: 2854: 2851: 2845: 2842: 2836: 2833: 2827: 2824: 2807: 2804: 2798: 2795: 2789: 2788: 2786: 2784: 2770: 2744:Baldivis Tramway 2733: 2728: 2727: 2726: 2481:Busselton (near 347:District office 335: 331: 301:. Tonkin became 216:1930s Depression 195:Royal Commission 3231: 3230: 3226: 3225: 3224: 3222: 3221: 3220: 3201: 3200: 3181: 3176: 3170: 3151: 3132: 3113: 3096: 3094:Further reading 3091: 3074: 3052: 3035: 3030: 3029: 3019: 3017: 3012: 3011: 3007: 2997: 2995: 2990: 2989: 2985: 2975: 2973: 2968: 2967: 2963: 2958: 2954: 2949: 2945: 2940: 2936: 2926: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2915: 2911: 2901: 2899: 2890: 2889: 2885: 2878: 2864: 2857: 2852: 2848: 2843: 2839: 2834: 2830: 2825: 2810: 2805: 2801: 2796: 2792: 2782: 2780: 2772: 2771: 2762: 2757: 2749:Peel Main Drain 2729: 2724: 2722: 2719: 333:List of groups 330: 229: 133: 100: 95: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3229: 3219: 3218: 3213: 3199: 3198: 3190: 3180: 3179:External links 3177: 3175: 3174: 3168: 3160:Margaret River 3155: 3149: 3136: 3130: 3117: 3111: 3097: 3095: 3092: 3090: 3089: 3078: 3072: 3060:Stannage, C.T. 3056: 3050: 3036: 3034: 3031: 3028: 3027: 3005: 2983: 2961: 2952: 2943: 2934: 2909: 2883: 2876: 2855: 2846: 2837: 2828: 2808: 2799: 2790: 2759: 2758: 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The town of 228: 225: 212:Philip Collier 132: 129: 120:freehold title 99: 96: 94: 91: 46:James Mitchell 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3228: 3217: 3214: 3212: 3209: 3208: 3206: 3197: 3194: 3191: 3189: 3186: 3183: 3182: 3171: 3165: 3161: 3156: 3152: 3150:0-85905-119-6 3146: 3142: 3137: 3133: 3127: 3123: 3118: 3114: 3108: 3104: 3099: 3098: 3086: 3085: 3079: 3075: 3073:0-85564-181-9 3069: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3051:0-85564-284-X 3047: 3043: 3038: 3037: 3015: 3009: 2993: 2987: 2971: 2965: 2956: 2947: 2938: 2919: 2913: 2897: 2893: 2887: 2879: 2873: 2869: 2862: 2860: 2850: 2841: 2832: 2823: 2821: 2819: 2817: 2815: 2813: 2803: 2794: 2779: 2775: 2769: 2767: 2765: 2760: 2750: 2747: 2745: 2742: 2740: 2737: 2736: 2732: 2721: 2709: 2706: 2704: 2701: 2698: 2697: 2693: 2690: 2688: 2685: 2682: 2681: 2677: 2674: 2672: 2669: 2666: 2665: 2661: 2658: 2656: 2653: 2650: 2649: 2645: 2642: 2640: 2637: 2634: 2633: 2629: 2626: 2624: 2621: 2618: 2617: 2613: 2610: 2608: 2605: 2602: 2601: 2597: 2594: 2592: 2589: 2586: 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3131:0731694449 3112:1875560831 3033:References 2976:26 January 2902:23 January 2877:0730980413 2614:Busselton 2504:Busselton 2497:Rosa Brook 2488:Busselton 2294:Busselton 2262:Busselton 1732:Busselton 1716:Busselton 1702:Busselton 1686:Busselton 1670:Busselton 1578:Busselton 1562:Busselton 1555:Rosa Brook 1546:Busselton 1530:Busselton 1514:Busselton 1498:Busselton 1483:Busselton 1446:Stake Hill 1437:Busselton 1357:Busselton 1341:Busselton 1327:Busselton 1313:Busselton 1297:Busselton 1279:Busselton 1247:Busselton 1211:Jarrahbank 1189:Busselton 1173:Busselton 1159:Busselton 1131:Busselton 1117:Busselton 1096:Serpentine 1080:Serpentine 1064:Serpentine 1055:Busselton 1032:Serpentine 1016:Carmarthen 1000:Carmarthen 991:Busselton 961:Busselton 933:Busselton 901:Busselton 869:Busselton 803:Busselton 796:Acton Park 787:Busselton 739:Busselton 707:Busselton 700:Rosa Brook 675:Busselton 668:Willyabrup 643:Busselton 627:Busselton 611:Busselton 593:Busselton 577:Busselton 561:Busselton 545:Busselton 465:Busselton 459:(renamed) 455:Nuralingup 446:Busselton 440:(renamed) 436:Nuralingup 411:Busselton 395:Busselton 372:Springdale 291:Nuralingup 168:Bridgetown 107:South West 2710:Manjimup 2694:Manjimup 2691:Pemberton 2678:Manjimup 2662:Manjimup 2646:Manjimup 2643:via Kirup 2639:Capeldene 2630:Manjimup 2611:Busselton 2607:Marybrook 2598:Manjimup 2582:Manjimup 2566:Manjimup 2529:Hazelvale 2513:Hazelvale 2468:Manjimup 2452:Manjimup 2436:Manjimup 2420:Manjimup 2404:Manjimup 2388:Manjimup 2372:Manjimup 2356:Manjimup 2340:Manjimup 2337:Catterick 2324:Manjimup 2321:Catterick 2302:Maramanup 2291:Busselton 2278:Manjimup 2246:Manjimup 2230:Manjimup 2214:Manjimup 2198:Manjimup 2182:Manjimup 2152:Manjimup 2062:Manjimup 2046:Manjimup 2030:Manjimup 2014:Manjimup 1982:Manjimup 1966:Manjimup 1922:Manjimup 1906:Manjimup 1890:Manjimup 1874:Manjimup 1858:Manjimup 1842:Manjimup 1826:Manjimup 1764:Manjimup 1761:Pemberton 1748:Manjimup 1745:Pemberton 1725:Rosa Glen 1713:Busselton 1695:Rosa Glen 1679:Osmington 1654:Manjimup 1631:Maramanup 1602:Walyancup 1594:Manjimup 1571:Courtenay 1492:Woolstone 1373:Manjimup 1370:Pemberton 1306:Yelverton 1294:Busselton 1186:Busselton 1170:Busselton 1048:Ambergate 988:Busselton 930:Busselton 910:Mundijong 866:Busselton 853:Manjimup 846:Middlesex 800:Busselton 784:Busselton 771:Manjimup 768:Pemberton 755:Manjimup 732:Karridale 723:Manjimup 691:Manjimup 684:Middlesex 659:Manjimup 558:Cowaramup 554:Cowaramup 542:Cowaramup 538:Cowaramup 529:Manjimup 526:Pemberton 513:Manjimup 497:Manjimup 494:Pemberton 490:Eastbrook 481:Manjimup 478:Pemberton 474:Eastbrook 427:Manjimup 379:Manjimup 376:Pemberton 363:Manjimup 261:The Times 137:Pemberton 111:Wheatbelt 3062:(1981). 3020:25 March 2998:25 March 2927:25 March 2717:See also 2675:Manjimup 2623:Quininup 2550:Wellard 2536:Denmark 2520:Denmark 2461:Quininup 2445:Quininup 2308:Wellard 2223:Quininup 2207:Quininup 2166:Denmark 2163:Nornalup 2136:Denmark 2122:Denmark 2108:Wellard 2092:Denmark 2078:Denmark 2071:Kentdale 1998:Denmark 1991:Kentdale 1950:Denmark 1936:Denmark 1810:Denmark 1796:Denmark 1780:Wellard 1663:Airedale 1650:Appadene 1646:Manjimup 1638:Wellard 1622:Wellard 1608:Wellard 1591:Manjimup 1507:Gnarabup 1467:Wellard 1453:Wellard 1421:Wellard 1405:Wellard 1389:Wellard 1382:Baldivis 1350:Arumvale 1289:Metricup 1263:Denmark 1256:Harewood 1231:Wellard 1217:Wellard 1203:Wellard 1182:Carbunup 1145:Wellard 1125:Lilyvale 1103:Wellard 1087:Wellard 1071:Wellard 1039:Wellard 1023:Denmark 1007:Denmark 975:Wellard 969:Cornvale 947:Wellard 941:Cornvale 917:Wellard 898:Wonnerup 885:Wellard 837:Wellard 821:Wellard 720:Manjimup 656:Manjimup 522:Boojetup 510:Manjimup 506:Glenoran 424:Manjimup 404:Kudardup 388:Kudardup 360:Manjimup 180:Baldivis 160:Nornalup 148:Manjimup 2655:Shannon 2533:Denmark 2517:Denmark 2483:Jindong 2255:Treeton 2116:Parry's 2101:Wellard 2089:Denmark 2075:Denmark 1995:Denmark 1947:Denmark 1933:Denmark 1807:Denmark 1792:Denmark 1587:Linfarn 1476:Walgine 1461:13 Mile 1272:Boallia 1020:Denmark 1004:Denmark 830:Oakford 812:Oakford 636:Wirring 316:by the 307:premier 295:Augusta 184:Bertram 164:Walpole 156:Denmark 141:Bunbury 93:History 67:federal 43:Premier 33:was an 3166:  3147:  3128:  3109:  3070:  3048:  2874:  2627:Jardee 2465:Jardee 2449:Jardee 2333:Hester 2317:Hester 2227:Jardee 2211:Jardee 1773:Byford 1539:Nillup 1430:Sheoak 1414:Karnup 1398:Karnup 1225:Biswae 1167:Lennox 878:Byford 862:Ruabon 850:Jardee 780:Kalgup 752:Jardee 716:Yanmah 688:Jardee 652:Lanark 606:Ruabon 314:London 305:state 293:(near 243:After 227:Legacy 188:Byford 166:, and 2921:(PDF) 2755:Notes 1616:Folly 303:Labor 79:dairy 63:state 3164:ISBN 3145:ISBN 3126:ISBN 3107:ISBN 3068:ISBN 3046:ISBN 3022:2021 3000:2021 2978:2016 2929:2021 2904:2021 2872:ISBN 2785:2009 182:and 109:and 85:and 69:and 29:The 2699:150 2683:149 2667:148 2651:147 2635:146 2619:145 2603:144 2587:143 2571:142 2555:141 2541:140 2525:139 2509:138 2493:137 2473:136 2457:135 2441:134 2425:133 2409:132 2393:131 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502:10 223:. 162:, 158:, 154:, 71:UK 65:, 3172:. 3153:. 3134:. 3115:. 3076:. 3054:. 3024:. 3002:. 2980:. 2931:. 2906:. 2880:. 2787:. 2485:) 1291:) 608:) 486:9 470:8 451:7 432:6 416:5 400:4 384:3 368:2 352:1

Index


assisted migration
Western Australia
Premier
James Mitchell
Soldier Settlement Scheme
World War I
White Australia policy
state
federal
UK
dairy
Nationalist
Country Party
South West
Wheatbelt
Agricultural Bank
freehold title
Pemberton
Bunbury
Manjimup
Northcliffe
Denmark
Nornalup
Walpole
Bridgetown
Peel-Harvey Estuary
Peel Estate
Baldivis
Bertram

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