207:
199:
29:
265:
third stage of development of the Gzhel craft began. The use of cobalt paints on white clay was established. Master A. B. Saltykov created a special Atlas of brushstrokes to unify the style of products. The artist N. I. Bessarabova, who developed a new blue-and-white style of Gzhel products, was invited to the enterprise. In the 1930s and 1940s, there was nearly half of all porcelain and faience enterprises of Russia in Gzhel.
261:
blacksmith's shop: many famous masters and creators of their own porcelain and faience factories started as simple workers in Gzhel. Since the middle of the 19th century, many Gzhel factories have fallen into disrepair. This was partly due to the volume of goods imported from abroad, and partly due to the modernization of production, which was not always kept up by manufacturers from Gzhel.
126:
264:
At the beginning of the 20th century, ceramic production was concentrated in the hands of the
Kuznetsov dynasty, who once came from Gzhel. After the revolution, the Kuznetsov factories were nationalized. Gzhel began the restoration of its craft in the middle of the 20th century. In 1945–1949, the
260:
The second quarter of the 19th century is the period of the highest artistic achievements of Gzhel ceramic art in all its branches. In an effort to obtain fine earthenware and porcelain, the owners of production facilities constantly improved the composition of the white mass. Gzhel became a
164:
in the 14th century. Gzhel pottery was originally created by potters in their homes; however, fairly early on these potters started to organize into workshops to increase production. The workshops eventually became factories with pieces formed in
218:) issued a decree to make Gzhel "exclusive supplier of Apothecary and alchemical vessels for the Apothecary’s order in Moscow. They had to comply with increased quality requirements. This was the beginning of ceramic production in Russia."
189:
varies depending on the raw materials used, and can range in color from white to brown. It is generally fired at lower temperatures than either stoneware or porcelain, and can remain semi-permeable to water until glazed.
214:
The village of Gzhel has long been famous for its clays. Extensive mining of various types of clay carried out here from the middle of the 17th century. In 1663, Tsar Alexey
Mikhailovich (
282:
735:
363:
253:
production at Gzhel, quality pottery is once again being produced in both the recognizable blue on white design as well as the more colorful
181:
and coloured glaze designs in blue, green, yellow, and brown, rather than just blue on a white background, in a style that is referred to as
249:, it undercut the high cost of imports from China or Western European producers. Although there have been several periods of disruption in
784:
237:
it becomes a translucent white and as such is highly desirable. The making of porcelain had been a secret heavily guarded by
169:
and potters being responsible for separate pieces, a specific style, or decoration. The earliest pieces were created of
356:
112:
93:
65:
50:
303:
72:
774:
349:
789:
779:
141:
632:
336:
79:
206:
61:
655:
404:
39:
320:
Dulkina, T.I. and N.S. Grigorevna, Gzhel: keramika 18-19 vekov. Moskva: Izd-vo "Planeta", 1982.
137:
46:
17:
125:
464:
8:
542:
419:
414:
229:
at the time. They followed the development of faience with the acquisition of porcelain.
597:
622:
446:
429:
389:
297:
166:
434:
424:
215:
86:
225:, or white earthenware, of a quality that rivaled the creamware being produced in
680:
381:
326:
Saltykov, A. B., Russkaia narodnaia keramika. Moskva, Sovetskii khudozhnik, 1960.
198:
323:
Ovsyannikov, I. Russian Folk Arts and Crafts. Progress
Publishers, Moscow, 1969.
721:
665:
627:
552:
537:
507:
399:
706:
768:
750:
737:
675:
469:
441:
178:
716:
670:
572:
557:
512:
474:
660:
637:
522:
186:
170:
577:
562:
547:
373:
341:
173:. The pottery was painted solid white with distinctive blue designs.
685:
607:
532:
517:
502:
456:
409:
246:
234:
230:
28:
497:
489:
254:
182:
711:
587:
582:
567:
479:
283:"Russian culture in the Gzhel craft through the pages of history"
250:
226:
222:
174:
161:
612:
527:
242:
157:
153:
617:
238:
144:
and surrounding area, where it has been produced since 1802.
701:
233:
is fired to a similar temperature as stoneware, but unlike
647:
53:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
241:with only finished products being exported. When
766:
136:(Russian: Гжель, IPA: ) is a Russian style of
357:
337:History of Gzhel and Gzhel Porcelain Factory
221:In the 1830s, the Gzhel potters developed a
152:About thirty villages located southeast of
364:
350:
285:. Archived from the original on 2021-10-05
177:was also produced using a tin based white
113:Learn how and when to remove this message
205:
197:
160:. The name Gzhel became associated with
124:
371:
156:produce pottery and ship it throughout
767:
193:
345:
51:adding citations to reliable sources
22:
13:
14:
801:
330:
785:Ceramics manufacturers of Russia
27:
38:needs additional citations for
275:
245:was able to produce their own
140:which takes its name from the
1:
268:
7:
147:
10:
806:
314:
15:
694:
646:
596:
488:
455:
380:
302:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
405:Kholmogory bone carving
138:blue and white ceramics
211:
203:
130:
18:Gzhel (disambiguation)
751:55.60389°N 38.44444°E
209:
201:
185:. The body colour of
128:
465:Kasli iron sculpture
47:improve this article
16:For other uses, see
775:Russian handicrafts
747: /
543:Pavlovo Posad shawl
420:Fedoskino miniature
415:Russian lacquer art
194:Historical overview
790:1802 introductions
780:Russian inventions
756:55.60389; 38.44444
212:
204:
131:
730:
729:
656:Bird of Happiness
447:Zhostovo painting
430:Mstyora miniature
390:Gorodets painting
123:
122:
115:
97:
797:
762:
761:
759:
758:
757:
752:
748:
745:
744:
743:
740:
435:Palekh miniature
425:Kholuy miniature
366:
359:
352:
343:
342:
308:
307:
301:
293:
291:
290:
279:
216:Alexis of Russia
142:village of Gzhel
118:
111:
107:
104:
98:
96:
55:
31:
23:
805:
804:
800:
799:
798:
796:
795:
794:
765:
764:
755:
753:
749:
746:
741:
738:
736:
734:
733:
731:
726:
690:
681:Matryoshka doll
642:
599:
592:
484:
451:
382:Decorative arts
376:
370:
333:
317:
312:
311:
295:
294:
288:
286:
281:
280:
276:
271:
196:
150:
119:
108:
102:
99:
56:
54:
44:
32:
21:
12:
11:
5:
803:
793:
792:
787:
782:
777:
728:
727:
725:
724:
722:Vyazma pryanik
719:
714:
709:
704:
698:
696:
692:
691:
689:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
666:Filimonovo toy
663:
658:
652:
650:
644:
643:
641:
640:
635:
633:Musical spoons
630:
628:Russian guitar
625:
620:
615:
610:
604:
602:
594:
593:
591:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
553:Podvorotnichok
550:
545:
540:
538:Orenburg shawl
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
494:
492:
486:
485:
483:
482:
477:
472:
467:
461:
459:
453:
452:
450:
449:
444:
439:
438:
437:
432:
427:
422:
412:
407:
402:
400:Filimonovo toy
397:
392:
386:
384:
378:
377:
369:
368:
361:
354:
346:
340:
339:
332:
331:External links
329:
328:
327:
324:
321:
316:
313:
310:
309:
273:
272:
270:
267:
195:
192:
149:
146:
121:
120:
35:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
802:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
772:
770:
763:
760:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
699:
697:
693:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
676:Kargopol toys
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
653:
651:
649:
645:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
605:
603:
601:
595:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
495:
493:
491:
487:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
470:Faceted glass
468:
466:
463:
462:
460:
458:
454:
448:
445:
443:
442:Russian icons
440:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
417:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
387:
385:
383:
379:
375:
367:
362:
360:
355:
353:
348:
347:
344:
338:
335:
334:
325:
322:
319:
318:
305:
299:
284:
278:
274:
266:
262:
258:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
219:
217:
208:
200:
191:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
163:
159:
155:
145:
143:
139:
135:
129:Gzhel samovar
127:
117:
114:
106:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64: –
63:
59:
58:Find sources:
52:
48:
42:
41:
36:This article
34:
30:
25:
24:
19:
732:
717:Tula pryanik
671:Dymkovo toys
558:Russian lace
513:Gymnastyorka
475:Podstakannik
394:
287:. Retrieved
277:
263:
259:
220:
213:
151:
133:
132:
109:
100:
90:
83:
76:
69:
57:
45:Please help
40:verification
37:
754: /
707:Fabergé egg
661:Cheburashka
638:Treshchotka
600:instruments
523:Kosovorotka
374:handicrafts
187:earthenware
171:earthenware
103:August 2018
769:Categories
742:38°26′40″E
739:55°36′14″N
578:Telnyashka
563:Sailor cap
548:Peaked cap
289:2020-11-14
269:References
73:newspapers
686:Petrushka
608:Balalaika
518:Kokoshnik
503:Budenovka
457:Tableware
410:Khokhloma
247:porcelain
235:stoneware
231:Porcelain
202:Container
573:Stalinka
498:Afghanka
490:Clothing
372:Russian
298:cite web
255:Maiolica
183:Maiolica
148:Overview
712:Shashka
598:Musical
588:Valenki
583:Ushanka
568:Sarafan
480:Samovar
315:Sources
251:pottery
227:England
223:faience
210:Tea pot
175:Pottery
162:pottery
87:scholar
62:"Gzhel"
613:Garmon
528:Kaftan
508:French
257:ware.
243:Russia
167:moulds
158:Russia
154:Moscow
89:
82:
75:
68:
60:
695:Other
623:Bayan
618:Gusli
533:Lapti
395:Gzhel
239:China
179:glaze
134:Gzhel
94:JSTOR
80:books
702:Izba
648:Toys
304:link
66:news
49:by
771::
300:}}
296:{{
365:e
358:t
351:v
306:)
292:.
116:)
110:(
105:)
101:(
91:·
84:·
77:·
70:·
43:.
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.