HIV/AIDS in Canada

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face is important but the unequal access to care is also a crucial determinant in their susceptibility to health problems. Studies have concluded that research and policy that affect Indigenous peoples should be respectful and based upon community relevance. It is important to understand the colonial framework that the Federal Government has been based upon and how this influences the approaches when dealing with issues involving Indigenous peoples. Using a community-based approach, the unique needs of Indigenous communities in Canada can be addressed in a meaningful and respectful way that upholds Indigenous tradition and culture.

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population. It is important to note that in this study both the general population and the Indigenous population that has been isolated both saw a 5% increase in HIV rates from 2014 to 2016. As well, there are many external factors that have contributed to the increased prevalence described. Culture, poverty, and self-determination are key health determinants for Indigenous populations. To understand the competing paradigms between western medicine and Indigenous tradition, researchers have included traditional Indigenous approaches in addressing health concerns.

740:(ACTUP), the Coalition for Responsible Health Legislation (CRHL) and Persons With AIDS Society (PWAS) believed the Bill should be abolished. The Bill was eventually passed, but was never enforced due to the lobbying of the aforementioned activists, particularly the CRHL. The Coalition for Responsible Health Legislation argued that individuals should have personal responsibility and autonomy for themselves and their partners. Many of these organizations advocated for an anti-testing component, because the only treatment available at the time was 782:

options. A federal study found that among the 63,110 individuals in Canada living with HIV, nearly half (49.1%) were gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men and 14.6% were among people who inject drugs. This study also looked at heterosexual contact among those born in Canada or in a country no on the HIV-endemic list and found that this group represented 17.6% of the population. They also found that heterosexual contact among people born in a country where HIV is endemic was 15% of the total population of individuals affected.

945: 311: 24: 959: 736:. The Bill allowed the government to force individuals affected with HIV/AIDS to quarantine in a designated area. Isolation was to be regulated by 2 levels: isolation and modified isolation, overseen by the Solicitor General of Vancouver. The intentions of the Bill were highly controversial both before and after it was introduced in 1987. Organizations such as 406:(WHO) begins global surveillance of AIDS. Cases of AIDS are reported in multiple countries worldwide. Canada forms a national task force on AIDS. Le Comité sida aide Montréal (CSAM) is formed from a working group called ARMS that is funded by the Quebec Government with a triple mandate of prevention, advocacy, and care. 841:

AIDS Committee of Toronto (ACT) is a well established AIDS service organization, primarily recognized for their work in the 1990s. Despite the organization’s significant work for the AIDS community, it was dominated by white gay men with the notion that they needed to hold their ownership over AIDS.

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prevalence across the country is the use of injection drugs (exposure) as they have resulted in increased prevalence of HIV in users. When discussing the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Canada it is important to take into account these factors and the role that they play in supporting individuals affected.

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The study by the Federal Government found that approximately 9.6% of individuals affected in Canada were Indigenous. This represents a 5% increase from the 2014 estimate. The HIV prevalence rate for Indigenous peoples in Canada estimated for 2016 is two times higher (362 per 100,000) than the general

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Black Coalition for AIDS Prevention (Black CAP) originally started as a program under ACT. However, as the organization grew, and due to many holding the belief that AIDS had originated from Africa, much of their work was questioned and always second guessed. Some believe that Black CAP intervention

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Many organizations have been instituted by Indigenous peoples to combat the elevated rates of HIV/AIDS in Indigenous communities. This is seen from the Canadian Aboriginal AIDS Network and similar organizations run by Indigenous peoples. Acknowledging the unique risk factors that Indigenous people

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PHAC releases “Reducing the health impact of sexually transmitted and blood borne infections in Canada by 2030: A pan-Canadian STBBI framework for action”, which provides a roadmap for collaborative and complementary actions to reduce the impact of STBBIs in Canada and supports and contributes the

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rules that an HIV positive person has a legal duty to disclose his or her HIV status to a sexual partner before having sex that poses a “realistic possibility” of HIV transmission. According to the ruling, a person living with HIV does not have to disclose his or her HIV status to a sexual partner

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New Canadian HIV guidelines for planning pregnancy are published to help health care practitioners advise HIV-positive people about issues related to fertility and pregnancy. Despite growing scientific evidence that HIV treatment dramatically reduces the risk of transmission when the viral load is

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as well as Black people, was growing and spreading. This resulted in the blame of the spreading AIDS being placed on Black communities and overrepresentation of Black queer and Black communities being displayed as diseased people. The triple H was used to refer to those who were affected by AIDS,

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Section 22 of the Health Protection and Promotion Act states that a medical officer “...may require a person to take or to refrain from taking any action that is specified in the order in respect of a communicable disease.” This caused fear, as the threat was that the Medical Officer could remand

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The Canadian Positive People Network (CPPN), a new independent network for and by people living with HIV and HIV co-infections, is formed to represent the needs of all persons and communities affected by HIV and HIV co-infections. Canada endorses the UNAIDS 90-90-90 global HIV treatment targets.

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According to the 2016 national HIV estimates, there were approximately 63,110 Canadians with HIV by the end of 2016 which represents a 5% increase since 2014. The increase in deaths can be explained as new HIV infections are isolated and fewer deaths among those infected due to better treatment

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The Sex Information and Education Council of Canada releases updated Canadian Guidelines for sexual health education. The Government of Canada releases “Accelerating our response: Government of Canada five-year action plan on sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections,” which outlines the

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The distribution of new infections across Canada disproportionately affects certain populations within the country such as gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men, Indigenous people, and people from countries where HIV is endemic. Another factor to consider when discussing HIV/AIDS

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Canadian medical experts release important expert consensus statement on HIV and the criminal law. British Columbia releases new HIV testing guidelines for all adults, which recommends that providers routinely offer HIV testing to all patients. The Quebec Ministry of Health adopts a consensus

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In 2019, the Government of Canada invested $ 22.85 million in HIV/AIDS research through the Canadian Institutes for Health Research. This money went towards supporting a thriving community of researchers, people living with HIV and their caregivers, health advocates, and pharmaceutical and

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This infection is distributed across geographic regions unequally and has affected provinces with varying severity. The two provinces with the largest proportion of new infections in 2017 were Ontario (38.9% of the overall total) and Quebec (27.9% of the overall total). As well, Quebec and

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There is an explosive outbreak of HIV among injection users in Vancouver. The city becomes known as the place with the highest percentage of people living with HIV in the developed world. Doctors start to notice the first drug-resistant strains of HIV. The Canadian Working Group on HIV and

823:. There were no services for people of colour and Indigenous people. This in turn resulted in the formation of organizations such as Black CAP. Though this organization was receiving a little bit of funding, it was not equal to what other groups were receiving, clearly demonstrating the 691:(AMMI) releases a position statement recommending that ART be initiated in adults as soon as HIV is diagnosed regardless of immune cell (CD4 T Cell) count. Nearly 250 Canadian organizations sign a statement calling for the implementation of prison-based needle/syringe programs. 773:. One point of criticism was that people would avoid testing for HIV, as the result of testing positive would entail the Medical Officer using Section 22 to trace contacts and criminalize patients who acted “unsafe”, which Gemmill would extend to any form of sexual contact. 595:

The WHO and UNAIDS recommend that “male circumcision should always be considered as part of a comprehensive HIV prevention package.” The Canadian HIV Vaccine Initiative (CHVI) is established as Canada's contribution to global efforts to develop a safe and effective vaccine.

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Nicole Tanguay has spoken out about feeling as though there was a wall blocking out HIV-positive women. Tanguay holds the government responsible for not educating people about HIV-positive women and the divide between ACT and other HIV/AIDS organizations such as Black CAP,

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Two-Spirit activist Albert McLeod co-founds the Canadian Aboriginal AIDS Network (CAAN). Since its creation CAAN has performed advocacy, engaged in research, and provided community based services with the goal of helping Canadian Indigenous people with HIV/AIDS.

466:, lobbies the federal government for access to the anti-retroviral drug, AZT. Clinique L’Actuel, specializing in HIV care, is established in Montreal. The WHO develops the first global strategy on AIDS and AIDS becomes the first disease ever to be debated at the 396:(AIDS) and it is realized that the infection can be sexually transmitted. Cases are reported in hemophiliacs and blood transfusion recipients. The first cases of AIDS are reported in Africa and Canada reports its first case of AIDS in March of this year. 606:(PHAC), the Canadian AIDS Treatment Information Exchange (CATIE) extends its mandate to become the national Knowledge Exchange Broker of information for the prevention, treatment, care, and support for people living with and vulnerable to HIV/AIDS. 827:

occurring at the time. The collaboration of Black led and focused organizations, including but not limited to COMBAT, Black CAP, and BWC, began doing work around AIDS/HIV. Some work that Black CAP did was to hand out condoms and discuss AIDS and

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The Vienna Declaration, a statement seeking to improve community health and safety by calling for the incorporation of scientific evidence into illicit drug policies, is launched at the 18th International AIDS Conference in Vienna, Austria.

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but was sending away many women with the claim that they were not contracting AIDS/HIV. Indigenous people seeking service from ACT would face the same rejection, despite there being a lack of services for Indigenous people. AIDS

832:, but also provide counselling. These community outreaches were essential in giving black people living with HIV/AIDS a safe space to discuss their experience and break the barriers in their society that they were facing. 2461: 842:

As a result, most work was targeted towards helping HIV-positive gay men rather than all HIV-positive individuals. This was problematic for many as the organization had control over education and funding during the

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The WHO announces the “3 by 5” Initiative to bring treatment to 3 million people worldwide by 2005. The first officially sanctioned supervised injection site in North America opens in Vancouver's Downtown Eastside.

1803:"Reasons for not using pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV and strategies that may facilitate uptake in Ontario and British Columbia among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men: a cross-sectional survey" 907:

Zami was an organization for Black and West Indian gays and lesbians in Toronto. Over the years, Zami had many different initiatives. It was initially a support group for individuals who felt disconnected from

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Pico-Espinosa, Oscar Javier; Hull, Mark; MacPherson, Paul; Grace, Daniel; Gaspar, Mark; Lachowsky, Nathan; Mohammed, Saira; Demers, James; Kilduff, Marshall; Truong, Robinson; Tan, Darrell H. S. (2022-10-27).

765:, was responsible for all of the Section 22 orders in the city. Ottawa had a disproportionately large representation of Section 22s, with thirty-seven orders in the city compared to the four from the rest of 2311: 2281: 2186: 877:

put HIV/AIDS on the map in terms of bringing up conversation within the Black community. Their work had to be quite discreet so that those visiting were not at risk of outing themselves as HIV-positive.

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The WHO announces that HIV/AIDS has become the fourth largest killer worldwide. It is discovered that a single dose of nevirapine is effective in reducing mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy.

2306: 633:, can continue to operate without the continual threat of legal interference. For the first time, WHO includes transgender people as a group at increased risk for HIV infection in their guidelines. 2236: 2286: 589:

The UN convenes a follow-up meeting and issues a progress report on the implementation of the Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS. The 16th International AIDS Conference is held in Toronto.

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approves a rapid HIV antibody test for sale to health professionals in Canada, which enables point-of-care (POC) testing that can provide an accurate HIV antibody test result in two minutes.

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Pico-Espinosa, Oscar Javier; Hull, Mark; MacPherson, Paul; Grace, Daniel; Lachowsky, Nathan; Gaspar, Mark; Mohammed, Saira; Truong, Robinson; Tan, Darrell H. S. (2023-05-01).

2768: 2296: 452:. The march was organized by what would go on to become the Vancouver Persons With AIDS Coalition. The march was a demand for a Class D antiviral lab test and funding for 803:

biotechnology companies to generate knowledge about prevention, treatment, management, and a cure for HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections.

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Klassen, Benjamin. “‘Facing It Together’: Early Caregiving Responses to Vancouver's HIV/AIDS Epidemic.” Gender & History 33, no. 3 (August 16, 2021): 774–89.

649:(CIHR) announces funding to support the Aboriginal HIV and AIDS Community-Based Research Collaborative Centre and the REACH CBR Collaborative Centre in HIV/AIDS. 2823: 2251: 933:

is a multicomponent study which began in 2020 investigating strategies for increasing PrEP uptake among urban gay, bisexual men in Ontario and British Columbia.

536: 3419: 2216: 2121: 1682:"Addressing HIV/AIDS among Aboriginal People using a Health Status, Health Determinants and Health Care Framework: A Literature Review and Conceptual Analysis" 659:(PrEP). The Working Group on Best Practice for Harm Reduction Programs in Canada releases updated and comprehensive best practice recommendations for Canadian 339: 2231: 2226: 2136: 2101: 1959:

Grace, Daniel; Gaspar, Mark; Wells, Alex; Sinno, Jad; Daroya, Emerich; Montess, Michael; Hull, Mark; Lachowsky, Nathan J.; Tan, Darrell H.S. (June 2023).

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legislation. A prominent example of this occurred in British Columbia when Bill 34, otherwise classified as the Quarantine Bill, was presented by Premier

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CATIE joins other national and international organizations in signing on the Prevention Access Campaign's Undetectable=Untransmittable (U=U) campaign.

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individuals affected with HIV/AIDS and isolate them in a region. This incited mixed reactions, including a huge uproar from local HIV/AIDS activists.

744:(AZT). Testing for the medication was not used preventatively but rather to identify, quarantine, and discriminate against those living with AIDS. 2929: 548:

priorities and provide advice informed by community knowledge, lived experience and relevant practice specific to the needs of Indigenous peoples.

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Doctors in the U.S. begin reporting abnormally high rates of rare forms of pneumonia and cancer in young, gay men. At first, the disease is called

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Gaspar, Mark; Tan, Darrell H.S.; Lachowsky, Nathan; Hull, Mark; Wells, Alex; Sinno, Jad; Pico Espinosa, Oscar Javier; Grace, Daniel (2022-12-01).

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Saskatchewan have the highest rates out of any province with 8.0 new infections per 100,000 and 15.5 new infections per 100,000 respectively.

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and thus seeking a place to connect with others. Zami had opportunities to be involved in a variety of initiatives and events, notably the

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UNAIDS calls for the implementation of programs to work toward the virtual elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV by 2015.

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launches the Global Coalition on Women and AIDS to raise the visibility of the impact of HIV/AIDS on women and girls worldwide. The

2602: 982: 88: 1902:"PrEP-related stigma and PrEP use among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in Ontario and British Columbia, Canada" 60: 2514: 2344: 930: 646: 2763: 1010: 972: 325: 1391: 67: 3450: 3445: 3194: 733: 1471: 2882: 769:. This was criticized, namely by the Ontario AIDS Network, who complained to the Ministry of Health during the fight for 185: 41: 1784: 1524: 3319: 2559: 2126: 74: 2742: 2632: 2056: 107: 2489: 1758: 1736: 544:

The National Aboriginal Council on HIV/AIDS is established to identify and address shared Indigenous community and

2016: 1584:"Summary: Estimates of HIV incidence, prevalence and Canada's progress on meeting the 90-90-90 HIV targets, 2016" 670:

statement on viral load and HIV transmission risk developed to inform the delivery of risk-reduction counseling.

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Kozachenko, John (29 October 2014). "Vancouver Interviews". AIDS Activist History Project. Retrieved 2022-01-26.

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Banner, Richard (28 October 2014). "Vancouver Interviews". AIDS Activist History Project. Retrieved 2022-01-26.

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begins testing all blood products for HIV and the first Canadian Conference on AIDS is held in Montreal.

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before having vaginal sex if a condom is used and the HIV-positive person has a low viral load. The

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It was discovered that women can become infected with AIDS through heterosexual sex meanwhile the

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The lack of a coordinated government response prompted numerous Canadians, along with members of

34: 3104: 3077: 3067: 2989: 2974: 2872: 2692: 2622: 2429: 2419: 1045: 829: 432:(FDA). It is discovered that HIV can be passed from mother to child through breastfeeding. The 174: 3387: 3341: 3279: 3269: 3179: 3114: 2685: 2653: 2590: 2414: 2330: 2166: 2141: 770: 433: 260: 3356: 3274: 3189: 3164: 3149: 3087: 3039: 3019: 2944: 2939: 2924: 2665: 2597: 2151: 2096: 265: 208: 140: 132: 8: 3371: 3346: 3314: 3232: 3204: 3154: 3072: 3062: 3014: 3004: 2994: 2969: 2580: 2554: 2156: 1368:"Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS: five years later Report of the Secretary-General" 754: 383: 1993: 1960: 1835: 363:

in Canada. It was estimated that 8,300 people were living with undiagnosed HIV in 2018.

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supports the provision of sterile injection equipment to reduce HIV transmission.

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The Quebec Ministry of Health publishes the first Canadian interim guidance on

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AIDS becomes the leading cause of death worldwide in people aged 15–59 years.

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One way the Canadian government responded to the HIV/AIDS crisis was through

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The AIDS Committee of Toronto (ACT) initiates the first AIDS Awareness Week.

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Anti-Apartheid Committee and eventually this led them towards HIV/AIDS work.

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Vancouver activist Kevin Brown, a founder of the Positive Living Society of

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for use as PrEP to reduce the risk of sexual transmission of HIV. The

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in 1982. In 2018, there were approximately 62,050 people living with

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has decreased due to medical advances against HIV/AIDS, especially

360: 2322: 1663:"Government of Canada invests close to $ 23M in HIV/AIDS research" 1601:

Haddad, N.; Li, J. S.; Totten, S.; McGuire, M. (6 November 2018).

1472:"Aids Activist History Project, vancouver interview transcript 53" 864: 2737: 1359: 1246: 766: 753:

someone who is deemed to be putting other people at risk, namely

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Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada

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Canadian Journal of Aboriginal Community-based HIV/AIDS Research

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government's priorities for the action plan released in 2018.

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The 20th anniversary of World AIDS day. With funding from the

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European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership

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It is important to note that the idea that AIDS had begun in

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The first commercial blood test for HIV is licensed by the

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WHO disease staging system for HIV infection and disease

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Research, Canadian Institutes of Health (26 June 2019).

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Global Fund to Fight HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria

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Norris, S.; Nixon, A.; Murray, W. (18 December 2001) .

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List of HIV/AIDS cases and deaths registered by region

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Canadian AIDS Treatment Information Exchange (CATIE)

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List of countries by HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate

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President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)

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Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)

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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1366:United Nations Secretary-General (24 March 2006). 890: 869: 374: 1035: 835: 535:The United Nations Secretary-General creates the 3432: 1582:Canada, Public Health Agency of (17 July 2018). 865:Alliance for South Asian AIDS Prevention (ASAAP) 2403:National Addiction and HIV Data Archive Program 1038:"AIDS: Medical and Scientific Aspects (93-5e)" 1011:Canadian Foundation for AIDS Research (CANFAR) 2338: 2071: 2057: 1000: 998: 683:Health Canada approves the use of daily oral 333: 1656: 1654: 1322:MAIN – Manitoba Archival Information Network 474:, which granted the government the power to 2495:Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome 776: 2728:People With AIDS Self-Empowerment Movement 2345: 2331: 2064: 2050: 1239:"30 Days, 30 Stories | The 30 30 Campaign" 1131: 995: 340: 326: 1992: 1935: 1917: 1875: 1834: 1705: 1651: 1634: 1603:"HIV in Canada-Surveillance Report, 2017" 1292: 797: 108:Learn how and when to remove this message 1679: 1660: 1444: 983:HIV/AIDS prophylaxis in British Columbia 1864:The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality 1315: 1117:https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0424.12549 924: 715:Quarantine Legislation and intervention 647:Canadian Institutes for Health Research 625:The Supreme Court of Canada rules that 3433: 1581: 1419: 1266: 1212: 1187: 1159: 2764:Discredited HIV/AIDS origins theories 2326: 2045: 1779: 1777: 1775: 1773: 1771: 1753: 1751: 1749: 1731: 1729: 1727: 1725: 973:Canadian Foundation for AIDS Research 819:including homosexuals, Haitians, and 704:achievement of global STBBI targets. 1183: 1181: 1155: 1153: 1127: 1125: 734:British Columbia Social Credit Party 384:Gay-Related Immune Deficiency (GRID) 369:highly active antiretroviral therapy 46:adding citations to reliable sources 17: 2883:The Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert 2352: 1554:"The epidemiology of HIV in Canada" 1070:"The epidemiology of HIV in Canada" 931:PrEP Implementation Project (PRIMP) 870:AVI Health & Community Services 394:Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 13: 2009: 1768: 1746: 1735:Falconer, Dionne A. (2016-04-01). 1722: 1680:Nowgesic, Earl (1 December 2010). 1607:Canada Communicable Disease Report 1469: 1445:Hamilton, Jamie Lee (2016-10-14). 856:AIDS Network, and the Two Spirits. 14: 3467: 2469:Countries by AIDS prevalence rate 1373:. United Nations General Assembly 1316:Matthes, Daniel (March 2, 2020). 1178: 1150: 1122: 2930:Democratic Republic of the Congo 2490:AIDS-defining clinical condition 2187:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1346:Canadian Aboriginal AIDS Network 957: 943: 891:Gay Men's Sexual Health Alliance 496:in June. During the conference, 309: 139: 22: 1952: 1892: 1851: 1794: 1757:Stewart, Douglas (2016-04-02). 1673: 1594: 1575: 1546: 1517: 1491: 1438: 1413: 1384: 1334: 1309: 1260: 1231: 1206: 1132:Kozachenko, John (2016-10-14). 896:Health Initiative for Men (HIM) 738:AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power 522:Rehabilitation is established. 470:. Bill 34 is introduced in the 430:US Food and Drug Administration 375:History: a Canadian perspective 33:needs additional citations for 1789:AIDS Activist History Project. 1783:Tanguay, Nicole (2018-15-19). 1763:AIDS Activist History Project. 1741:AIDS Activist History Project. 1213:Brooke, Cynthia (2016-10-14). 1188:Banner, Richard (2016-10-14). 1109: 1100: 1091: 836:HIV/AIDS service organizations 604:Public Health Agency of Canada 546:Public Health Agency of Canada 502:Minister of Health and Welfare 500:, the newly appointed federal 472:parliament of British Columbia 1: 2799:Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS 2779:International AIDS Conference 2733:HIV/AIDS in the porn industry 2676:Discrimination against people 1532:AIDS Activist History Project 1479:Aids Activist History Project 1451:AIDS Activist History Project 1426:AIDS Activist History Project 1219:AIDS Activist History Project 1194:AIDS Activist History Project 1166:AIDS Activist History Project 1138:AIDS Activist History Project 988: 757:. Ian Gemmill, the Associate 747: 490:International AIDS Conference 2659:Catholic Church and HIV/AIDS 2540:HIV Drug Resistance Database 2312:United States Virgin Islands 1014:. 2017-09-07. Archived from 814:, and specifically affected 456:(azidothymidine) treatment. 446:British Columbia Legislature 7: 3451:Disease outbreaks in Canada 3446:Indigenous health in Canada 2960:Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) 2794:Media portrayal of HIV/AIDS 2723:List of HIV-positive people 2073:HIV/AIDS in North America 2017:"1987 | The 30 30 Campaign" 936: 881:Canadian AIDS Society (CAS) 10: 3472: 2860:Reports from the Holocaust 2784:International AIDS Society 2774:Elton John AIDS Foundation 1965:AIDS Patient Care and STDs 1919:10.1186/s12981-022-00473-0 1420:Cecill, Bet (2016-10-14). 1160:Guinan, Dan (2016-10-14). 719: 3410: 3380: 3332: 3300: 3250: 3241: 3213: 3048: 2905: 2896: 2819:Treatment Action Campaign 2756: 2641: 2573: 2535:Tuberculosis co-infection 2477: 2398:disease progression rates 2365: 2287:Saint Pierre and Miquelon 2205: 2079: 1906:AIDS Research and Therapy 978:HIV/AIDS in North America 759:Medical Officer of Health 631:supervised injection site 404:World Health Organization 2545:Innate resistance to HIV 2515:Neurocognitive disorders 2307:Turks and Caicos Islands 777:Prevalence across Canada 657:pre-exposure prophylaxis 2866:AIDS–Holocaust metaphor 2849:Gay Men's Health Crisis 2525:Opportunistic infection 1619:10.14745/ccdr.v44i12a03 1392:"A history of HIV/AIDS" 642:Supreme Court of Canada 392:The disease is renamed 237:Diagnostic Services Act 2693:HIV-affected community 2633:HIV and homosexual men 2237:British Virgin Islands 2021:3030.aidsvancouver.org 1877:10.3138/cjhs.2022-0004 1819:10.9778/cmajo.20220113 1447:"Vancouver Interviews" 1422:"Vancouver Interviews" 1273:Genitourinary Medicine 1243:3030.aidsvancouver.org 1215:"Vancouver Interviews" 1190:"Vancouver Interviews" 1162:"Vancouver Interviews" 1134:"Vancouver Interviews" 1076:. 2018. Archived from 798:Prevention and support 355:was first detected in 235:Hospital Insurance and 224:Comparison with the US 2873:Silence=Death Project 2671:Criminal transmission 2591:Multiple sex partners 2177:Saint Kitts and Nevis 1977:10.1089/apc.2023.0034 1503:Government of Ontario 1006:"History of HIV/AIDS" 755:HIV-positive patients 434:Canadian AIDS Society 3195:United Arab Emirates 2666:Circumcision and HIV 2623:City of Hope Patient 2383:structure and genome 1791:Retrieved 2023-01-13 1785:“Toronto Interviews” 1765:Retrieved 2023-01-13 1759:“Toronto Interviews” 1743:Retrieved 2023-01-13 1737:“Toronto Interviews” 1042:Government of Canada 925:Significant research 186:Controlled Drugs and 180:Non-Insured Benefits 133:Healthcare in Canada 57:"HIV/AIDS in Canada" 42:improve this article 2743:AIDS Memorial Quilt 2555:HIV-positive people 2192:Trinidad and Tobago 2087:Antigua and Barbuda 1285:10.1136/sti.70.1.64 1267:Duffin, J. (1994). 468:UN General Assembly 202:History of medicine 3441:HIV/AIDS in Canada 3320:Dominican Republic 2703:HIV/AIDS denialism 2628:Women and HIV/AIDS 2618:The London Patient 2485:Signs and symptoms 2393:CDC classification 2127:Dominican Republic 640:undetectable, the 420:Canadian Red Cross 219:Father of medicare 158:Minister of Health 3428: 3427: 3406: 3405: 3328: 3327: 2809:The SING Campaign 2698:HIV/AIDS activism 2686:Cost of treatment 2608:Timothy Ray Brown 2603:World AIDS Museum 2320: 2319: 2209:other territories 1534:. August 25, 2016 771:anonymous testing 350: 349: 316:Canada portal 164:Canada Health Act 118: 117: 110: 92: 3463: 3398:Papua New Guinea 3248: 3247: 2903: 2902: 2347: 2340: 2333: 2324: 2323: 2277:Saint Barthélemy 2207:Dependencies and 2080:Sovereign states 2066: 2059: 2052: 2043: 2042: 2036: 2035: 2033: 2032: 2023:. Archived from 2013: 2007: 2006: 1996: 1956: 1950: 1949: 1939: 1921: 1896: 1890: 1889: 1879: 1855: 1849: 1848: 1838: 1813:(3): E560–E568. 1798: 1792: 1781: 1766: 1755: 1744: 1733: 1720: 1719: 1709: 1677: 1671: 1670: 1658: 1649: 1648: 1638: 1598: 1592: 1591: 1579: 1573: 1572: 1570: 1569: 1560:. Archived from 1550: 1544: 1543: 1541: 1539: 1529: 1525:"Barry Deeprose" 1521: 1515: 1514: 1512: 1510: 1495: 1489: 1488: 1486: 1485: 1476: 1467: 1461: 1460: 1458: 1457: 1442: 1436: 1435: 1433: 1432: 1417: 1411: 1410: 1408: 1407: 1398:. Archived from 1388: 1382: 1381: 1379: 1378: 1372: 1363: 1357: 1356: 1354: 1353: 1338: 1332: 1331: 1329: 1328: 1318:"McLeod, Albert" 1313: 1307: 1306: 1296: 1264: 1258: 1257: 1255: 1254: 1245:. Archived from 1235: 1229: 1228: 1226: 1225: 1210: 1204: 1203: 1201: 1200: 1185: 1176: 1175: 1173: 1172: 1157: 1148: 1147: 1145: 1144: 1129: 1120: 1113: 1107: 1104: 1098: 1095: 1089: 1088: 1086: 1085: 1066: 1057: 1056: 1054: 1053: 1044:. Archived from 1033: 1027: 1026: 1024: 1023: 1002: 967: 962: 961: 953: 948: 947: 946: 730:Bill Vander Zalm 464:British Columbia 342: 335: 328: 314: 313: 312: 229:Indian hospitals 143: 120: 119: 113: 106: 102: 99: 93: 91: 50: 26: 18: 3471: 3470: 3466: 3465: 3464: 3462: 3461: 3460: 3456:LGBTQ in Canada 3431: 3430: 3429: 3424: 3402: 3376: 3324: 3296: 3237: 3209: 3155:Myanmar (Burma) 3044: 2892: 2878:Day Without Art 2824:The Global Fund 2752: 2681:Economic impact 2637: 2569: 2473: 2425:pathophysiology 2361: 2351: 2321: 2316: 2210: 2208: 2201: 2075: 2070: 2040: 2039: 2030: 2028: 2015: 2014: 2010: 1957: 1953: 1897: 1893: 1856: 1852: 1799: 1795: 1782: 1769: 1756: 1747: 1734: 1723: 1678: 1674: 1659: 1652: 1613:(12): 348–356. 1599: 1595: 1580: 1576: 1567: 1565: 1552: 1551: 1547: 1537: 1535: 1527: 1523: 1522: 1518: 1508: 1506: 1497: 1496: 1492: 1483: 1481: 1474: 1468: 1464: 1455: 1453: 1443: 1439: 1430: 1428: 1418: 1414: 1405: 1403: 1390: 1389: 1385: 1376: 1374: 1370: 1364: 1360: 1351: 1349: 1348:. 11 March 2021 1340: 1339: 1335: 1326: 1324: 1314: 1310: 1265: 1261: 1252: 1250: 1237: 1236: 1232: 1223: 1221: 1211: 1207: 1198: 1196: 1186: 1179: 1170: 1168: 1158: 1151: 1142: 1140: 1130: 1123: 1114: 1110: 1105: 1101: 1096: 1092: 1083: 1081: 1068: 1067: 1060: 1051: 1049: 1034: 1030: 1021: 1019: 1004: 1003: 996: 991: 963: 956: 949: 944: 942: 939: 927: 838: 830:AIDS prevention 800: 779: 750: 722: 717: 440:. According to 377: 346: 310: 308: 303: 302: 251: 243: 242: 236: 204: 194: 193: 187: 175:Health Transfer 153: 114: 103: 97: 94: 51: 49: 39: 27: 12: 11: 5: 3469: 3459: 3458: 3453: 3448: 3443: 3426: 3425: 3423: 3422: 3417: 3411: 3408: 3407: 3404: 3403: 3401: 3400: 3395: 3390: 3384: 3382: 3378: 3377: 3375: 3374: 3369: 3364: 3359: 3354: 3349: 3344: 3338: 3336: 3330: 3329: 3326: 3325: 3323: 3322: 3317: 3312: 3306: 3304: 3298: 3297: 3295: 3294: 3293: 3292: 3282: 3277: 3272: 3267: 3262: 3257: 3251: 3245: 3239: 3238: 3236: 3235: 3230: 3225: 3223:United Kingdom 3219: 3217: 3211: 3210: 3208: 3207: 3202: 3197: 3192: 3187: 3182: 3177: 3172: 3167: 3162: 3157: 3152: 3147: 3142: 3137: 3132: 3127: 3122: 3117: 3112: 3107: 3102: 3101: 3100: 3090: 3085: 3080: 3075: 3070: 3065: 3060: 3054: 3052: 3046: 3045: 3043: 3042: 3037: 3032: 3027: 3022: 3017: 3012: 3007: 3002: 2997: 2992: 2987: 2982: 2977: 2972: 2967: 2962: 2957: 2952: 2947: 2942: 2937: 2932: 2927: 2922: 2917: 2911: 2909: 2900: 2894: 2893: 2891: 2890: 2885: 2880: 2875: 2870: 2869: 2868: 2863: 2856: 2851: 2841: 2836: 2834:YAA/Youthforce 2831: 2829:World AIDS Day 2826: 2821: 2816: 2811: 2806: 2801: 2796: 2791: 2786: 2781: 2776: 2771: 2766: 2760: 2758: 2754: 2753: 2751: 2750: 2745: 2740: 2735: 2730: 2725: 2720: 2715: 2710: 2705: 2700: 2695: 2690: 2689: 2688: 2678: 2673: 2668: 2663: 2662: 2661: 2651: 2645: 2643: 2639: 2638: 2636: 2635: 2630: 2625: 2620: 2615: 2613:Berlin Patient 2610: 2605: 2600: 2595: 2594: 2593: 2583: 2577: 2575: 2571: 2570: 2568: 2567: 2562: 2557: 2552: 2547: 2542: 2537: 2532: 2530:Superinfection 2527: 2522: 2517: 2512: 2510:Cardiomyopathy 2507: 2502: 2497: 2492: 2487: 2481: 2479: 2475: 2474: 2472: 2471: 2466: 2465: 2464: 2462:Teens / Adults 2459: 2449: 2448: 2447: 2442: 2437: 2432: 2427: 2422: 2417: 2407: 2406: 2405: 2400: 2395: 2390: 2385: 2380: 2369: 2367: 2363: 2362: 2350: 2349: 2342: 2335: 2327: 2318: 2317: 2315: 2314: 2309: 2304: 2299: 2297:Sint Eustatius 2294: 2289: 2284: 2279: 2274: 2269: 2264: 2259: 2254: 2249: 2244: 2242:Cayman Islands 2239: 2234: 2229: 2224: 2219: 2213: 2211: 2206: 2203: 2202: 2200: 2199: 2194: 2189: 2184: 2179: 2174: 2169: 2164: 2159: 2154: 2149: 2144: 2139: 2134: 2129: 2124: 2119: 2114: 2109: 2104: 2099: 2094: 2089: 2083: 2081: 2077: 2076: 2069: 2068: 2061: 2054: 2046: 2038: 2037: 2008: 1971:(6): 306–315. 1951: 1891: 1870:(3): 309–313. 1850: 1793: 1767: 1745: 1721: 1672: 1650: 1593: 1574: 1545: 1516: 1490: 1462: 1437: 1412: 1383: 1358: 1333: 1308: 1259: 1230: 1205: 1177: 1149: 1121: 1108: 1099: 1090: 1058: 1028: 993: 992: 990: 987: 986: 985: 980: 975: 969: 968: 965:Viruses portal 954: 938: 935: 926: 923: 922: 921: 914:LGBT community 904: 903: 898: 893: 888: 883: 878: 873: 872: 867: 862: 857: 837: 834: 799: 796: 778: 775: 749: 746: 742:azidothymidine 721: 718: 716: 713: 661:harm reduction 629:, Vancouver's 376: 373: 348: 347: 345: 344: 337: 330: 322: 319: 318: 305: 304: 301: 300: 295: 290: 289: 288: 278: 273: 268: 263: 258: 252: 249: 248: 245: 244: 241: 240: 231: 226: 221: 216: 211: 205: 200: 199: 196: 195: 192: 191: 188:Substances Act 182: 177: 172: 167: 160: 154: 149: 148: 145: 144: 136: 135: 129: 128: 116: 115: 30: 28: 21: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3468: 3457: 3454: 3452: 3449: 3447: 3444: 3442: 3439: 3438: 3436: 3421: 3418: 3416: 3413: 3412: 3409: 3399: 3396: 3394: 3391: 3389: 3386: 3385: 3383: 3379: 3373: 3370: 3368: 3365: 3363: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3343: 3340: 3339: 3337: 3335: 3334:South America 3331: 3321: 3318: 3316: 3313: 3311: 3308: 3307: 3305: 3303: 3299: 3291: 3290:New York City 3288: 3287: 3286: 3285:United States 3283: 3281: 3278: 3276: 3273: 3271: 3268: 3266: 3263: 3261: 3258: 3256: 3253: 3252: 3249: 3246: 3244: 3243:North America 3240: 3234: 3231: 3229: 3226: 3224: 3221: 3220: 3218: 3216: 3212: 3206: 3203: 3201: 3198: 3196: 3193: 3191: 3188: 3186: 3183: 3181: 3178: 3176: 3173: 3171: 3168: 3166: 3163: 3161: 3158: 3156: 3153: 3151: 3148: 3146: 3143: 3141: 3138: 3136: 3133: 3131: 3128: 3126: 3123: 3121: 3118: 3116: 3113: 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1637: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1597: 1589: 1585: 1578: 1564:on 2020-04-06 1563: 1559: 1555: 1549: 1533: 1526: 1520: 1504: 1500: 1494: 1480: 1473: 1470:Cecill, Bet. 1466: 1452: 1448: 1441: 1427: 1423: 1416: 1402:on 2020-03-03 1401: 1397: 1393: 1387: 1369: 1362: 1347: 1343: 1337: 1323: 1319: 1312: 1304: 1300: 1295: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1263: 1249:on 2021-01-20 1248: 1244: 1240: 1234: 1220: 1216: 1209: 1195: 1191: 1184: 1182: 1167: 1163: 1156: 1154: 1139: 1135: 1128: 1126: 1118: 1112: 1103: 1094: 1080:on 2020-04-06 1079: 1075: 1071: 1065: 1063: 1048:on 2021-11-16 1047: 1043: 1039: 1032: 1018:on 2021-08-12 1017: 1013: 1012: 1007: 1001: 999: 994: 984: 981: 979: 976: 974: 971: 970: 966: 960: 955: 952: 951:Canada portal 941: 934: 932: 919: 915: 911: 906: 905: 902: 899: 897: 894: 892: 889: 887: 884: 882: 879: 875: 874: 871: 868: 866: 863: 861: 858: 855: 850: 845: 844:AIDS epidemic 840: 839: 833: 831: 826: 822: 817: 813: 808: 804: 795: 791: 787: 783: 774: 772: 768: 764: 760: 756: 745: 743: 739: 735: 731: 727: 712: 709: 705: 702: 698: 696: 692: 690: 686: 682: 678: 675: 671: 668: 664: 662: 658: 654: 650: 648: 643: 638: 634: 632: 628: 624: 620: 617: 613: 611: 607: 605: 601: 597: 594: 590: 588: 584: 582: 581:Health Canada 579: 575: 573: 569: 566: 562: 559: 555: 553: 549: 547: 543: 539: 538: 534: 530: 527: 523: 520: 516: 513: 509: 507: 503: 499: 498:Perrin Beatty 495: 491: 487: 483: 479: 477: 473: 469: 465: 461: 457: 455: 451: 447: 443: 439: 435: 431: 427: 423: 421: 417: 413: 411: 407: 405: 401: 397: 395: 391: 387: 385: 381: 372: 370: 366: 362: 358: 354: 343: 338: 336: 331: 329: 324: 323: 321: 320: 317: 307: 306: 299: 296: 294: 291: 287: 284: 283: 282: 279: 277: 274: 272: 269: 267: 264: 262: 259: 257: 254: 253: 247: 246: 239: 238: 232: 230: 227: 225: 222: 220: 217: 215: 212: 210: 207: 206: 203: 198: 197: 190: 189: 183: 181: 178: 176: 173: 171: 168: 166: 165: 161: 159: 156: 155: 152: 151:Health Canada 147: 146: 142: 138: 137: 134: 131: 130: 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