708:
40:
679:; it describes its mission as "To serve and unite the physicians of Canada and be the national advocate, in partnership with the people of Canada, for the highest standards of health and health care." Because healthcare is deemed to be under provincial/territorial jurisdiction, negotiations on behalf of physicians are conducted by provincial associations such as the Ontario Medical Association. The views of Canadian doctors have been mixed, particularly in their support for allowing parallel private financing. The history of Canadian physicians in the development of Medicare has been described by
970:(PhD) programs in related fields. Often this research training is undertaken during elective time and between the basic science and clinical clerkship halves of the curriculum. For example, while Université de Sherbrooke offers a M.D./MSc program, McGill University offers a M.D./PhD for medical students holding an undergraduate degree in a relevant field. Some universities also offer joint programs in business administration, including McGill University with its joint program leading to the degrees of Doctor of Medicine and
210:
531:, which dominated medical instruction in the West for the following half century. Around this time, a movement began that called for the improved healthcare for the poor, focusing mainly on sanitation and hygiene. This period saw important advances including the provision of safe drinking water to most of the population, public baths and beaches, and municipal garbage services to remove waste from the city. During this period, medical care was severely lacking for the poor and minorities such as
259:
608:. Canada's provincially based Medicare systems are cost-effective because of their administrative simplicity. In each province, each doctor handles the insurance claim against the provincial insurer. There is no need for the person who accesses healthcare to be involved in billing and reclaim. Private health expenditure accounts for about 30% of health care financing. The Canada Health Act does not cover prescription drugs, home care or long-term care, or
730:
668:. The report stated that 1,370 obstetricians were practising in Canada and that number is expected to fall by at least one-third within five years. The society is asking the government to increase the number of residency positions obstetrics and gynecology by 30 percent a year for three years and also recommended rotating placements of doctors into smaller communities to encourage them to take up residence there.
699:, who owns the largest private hospital in Canada and vocally supports increasing private healthcare in Canada. The CMA presidency rotates among the provinces, with the provincial association electing a candidate who is customarily ratified by the CMA general meeting. Day's selection was sufficiently controversial that he was challenged—albeit unsuccessfully—by another physician member.
1041:
eligibility criteria and have no prior postgraduate training in Canada or the US. It is also open to graduates from international medical schools (IMGs) who meet the basic criteria and have no prior postgraduate training in Canada or the US. Some of the positions are exclusive to IMGs who meet the basic criteria, with
Canadian graduates being excluded from applying to these positions.
1384:(CMPA) is a non-profit association committed to provide advice and assistance when medical-legal issues arise in a physician's practice. They provide legal defense, liability protection, and risk-management education for physicians in Canada They also provide monetary compensation to patients and their families proven to have been harmed by negligent clinical care.
1080:, amongst others. The Pediatric Subspecialty Match is for residents currently in a pediatric residency training program who are looking to apply for subspecialty training. Many fields of training are essentially the same as those available for medicine subspecialty training, although the focus is on the pediatric population.
690:
However, internal disputes may occur. In particular, some provincial medical associations have argued for permitting a larger private role. To some extent, this has been a reaction to strong cost control; CIHI estimates that 99% of physician expenditures in Canada come from public sector sources, and
630:
had the lowest average annual salary at $ 165,000, arguably creating inter-provincial competition for doctors and contributing to local shortages at the time. In 2018, to draw attention to the work of nurses and the declining level of service provided to patients, more than 700 physicians, residents,
1063:
Most fellowship training positions are also allocated using the CaRMS algorithm via the Family
Medicine/Emergency Medicine Match, the Medicine Subspecialty Match, and the Pediatric Subspecialty Match. The Family Medicine/Emergency Medicine match is for applicants who are completing or have completed
1232:
The MCC also maintains the
Canadian Medical Register, a list of physicians who have completed or have been exempted from the LMCC requirement. This is the first step for medical graduates who wish to obtain licence to practise prior to applying to their own regulatory body in their home province or
1228:
A pass standing is required on both the QE Part I and the QE Part II in order to be awarded the
Licentiate of the Medical Council of Canada designation. LMCC is recognized by the twelve medical licensing authorities in Canada, and is one of the requirements for the issuance of a licence to practise
1064:
postgraduate training in family medicine in Canada and want to pursue further emergency medicine training. The
Medicine Subspecialty Match is for residents currently in an internal medicine residency training program who are looking to apply for subspecialty training. Fields of training may include
1044:
The second iteration includes positions left over from the first iteration, which are often in less desirable locations, programs, and fields. Applicants not matched in the first iteration can apply to these positions. Foreign medical graduates who did not match to the positions exclusively offered
832:
The annual success rate for
Canadian citizens applying for admission to Canadian medical schools is normally below 10%. Just over 2,500 positions were available in first-year classes in 2006-2007 across all seventeen Canadian faculties of medicine. The average cost of tuition in 2006-2007 was $
1048:
Residents’ salaries are negotiated by the residency associations and are determined by two things: the postgraduate year and the province they are working in. A resident physician in the second year of a training program (PGY-2) in
Ontario would receive the same salary as every other resident
1040:
The match for entry level (R-1) postgraduate positions is CaRMS' largest match. It encompasses all 17 Canadian medical schools and is offered in two iterations each year. The first iteration includes all graduating students and prior year graduates from Canada and the US who meet the basic
612:, which implies that most Canadians rely on private insurance from their employers or the government to pay for the costs associated with these services. Provinces provide partial coverage for children, those living in poverty, and seniors. Programs vary by province.
512:
changed the face of medical school instruction with the introduction of the hands-on approach. The
College of Physicians and Surgeons of Upper Canada was established in 1839, and in 1869, it was permanently incorporated. In 1834, William Kelly, a surgeon with the
687:, the CMA itself has been a strong advocate of maintaining a strong publicly funded system, including lobbying the federal government to increase funding, and being a founding member of (and active participant in) the Health Action Lobby (HEAL).
438:. They are responsible for the promotion, maintenance, and restoration of health through the study, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of disease, injury, and other physical and mental impairments. As Canadian medical schools solely offer the
1045:
to them in the first iteration, as well as any US or
Canadian physician with prior post-graduate training obtained in either the first or second iterations of their respective matches can also apply to these remaining training positions.
691:
physicians—particularly those providing elective procedures who have been squeezed for operating room time—have accordingly looked for alternative revenue sources. One indication came in August 2007 when the CMA elected as president Dr.
1342:
Once the MCC Qualifying
Examination Part 2 and the CFPC or RCPSC examinations are completed, the physician must contact their provincial or territorial regulatory authority in order to obtain their license to practice independently.
603:
of 1984. The government ensures the quality of care through federal standards. The government does not participate in day-to-day care or collect any information about an individual's health, which remains confidential as per the
1882:. The image was used in posters and brochures along with the slogan, "Keep Politics Out of this Picture" implying that involvement of the government in medical care would negatively affect the quality of care. 65,000 Posters of
833:
12,728 for medical schools outside of Quebec; in Quebec (for Quebecers only), average tuition was $ 2,943. The level of debt among Canadian medical students upon graduation has received attention in the medical media.
671:
Each province regulates its medical profession through a self-governing regulatory body, which is responsible for licensing physicians, setting practice standards, and investigating and disciplining its members.
772:
1153:"international medical graduates, international medical students in their final clinical year and U.S. osteopathic physicians" who wish to take the MCCQE Part I & II and further pursue LMCC in Canada.
2041:
1462:(1896–1940) – Canadian physician, among Canada's earliest female medical graduates, internationally renowned expert on congenital heart disease, and one of the first women to obtain a BA from
1092:
Qualifying Examination, Part 1. Following residency training, they pass Part 2 of the Medical Council of Canada Qualifying Examination, in addition to their specialty written examinations and
2190:
1271:, and grants the certification (CCFP) and fellowship (FCFP) designations to its members. Although membership is not mandatory to practice medicine, it currently numbers over 38,000 members.
549:
In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, women made inroads into various professions including teaching, journalism, social work, and public health. In 1871, female physicians
642:, making the OMA union a monopoly. Critics argue that this measure has restricted the supply of doctors to guarantee its members' incomes. In 2008, the Ontario Medical Association and the
122:
442:(M.D.) or Doctor of Medicine and Master of Surgery (M.D., C.M.) degrees, these represent the degrees held by the vast majority of physicians and surgeons in Canada, though some have a
2405:
2152:
1279:
The CFPC recognizes the following enhanced skills programs for which it delivers a Certificate of Added Competence (CAC) in a specialized domain of family and community medicine:
2252:
2282:
778:
Admission offers are made by individual medical schools, generally on the basis of a personal statement, autobiographical sketch, undergraduate record (GPA), scores on the
1060:
Although fellowships are much more common among specialist physicians and surgeons, some are available for physicians having completed training in family medicine.
3101:
2552:
1366:
or alternative payment plans such as Shadow Billing. Average salaries for physicians vary by specialty and province, with surgical specialties earning the most.
829:. Although presently most students enter medicine having previously earned another degree, the M.D. is technically considered an undergraduate degree in Canada.
1088:
Canadian physicians must undergo an extensive process of licensing in order to practice independently. Upon graduating from medical school, they must pass the
238:
657:
2213:
1099:
Graduating family physicians will need to pass their CPFC examinations, while specialist physicians or surgeons will need to pass their RCPSC examinations.
2522:
2033:
2010:
1852:
1535:
1332:
466:
2728:
2124:
1615:
2921:
2182:
1988:
1350:
is the regulatory authority which emits licenses to physicians and surgeons working within the province. In Ontario, the regulatory college is the
1415:
2401:
653:
said, "One of the things that we've got to do, of course, is ensure that we're competitive ... to attract and keep doctors here in Ontario...".
646:
agreed to a four-year contract with a 12.25% doctors' pay raise, which was expected to cost Ontarians an extra $ 1 billion. Ontario's then-
3131:
2427:
863:
The first half of the medical curriculum is dedicated mostly to teaching the fundamentals of, or basic subjects relevant to, medicine, such as
133:
3065:
2993:
3029:
1394:
1351:
558:
2957:
2497:
821:(M.D.) or Doctor of Medicine and Master of Surgery (M.D., C.M.) degree. The only Canadian medical school to offer the M.D., C.M. degree is
1122:
794:(a school which promotes francophone culture), do not require the MCAT, as the MCAT has no French equivalent. Some schools, such as the
1161:
Assesses the skills and knowledge required at the level of a new medical graduate who is about to enter the first year of supervised PGY
569:. These advances included the establishment of a Women's Medical College in Toronto, as well as in Kingston, Ontario. Stowe's daughter,
2583:
962:
Some medical schools offer joint degree programs in which a limited number of interested medical students may simultaneously enroll in
715:
There are multiple components to the education of a physician or surgeon in Canada, and the process varies slightly between provinces.
231:
2597:
2703:
1267:
family medicine training programs in Canadian medical schools, conducts the certification examination for graduating family medicine
1217:
Assesses knowledge, skills and attitudes essential for medical licensure in Canada prior to entry into independent clinical practice.
1093:
852:
in the province of Quebec both offer a five-year program that includes a medical preparatory year to entering CEGEP graduates. While
451:
357:
1117:
in 1912, the Medical Council of Canada (MCC) is an organization charged with the assessment of medical candidates and evaluation of
2471:
2622:
899:, among many others. This instruction can be organized by discipline or by organ system. Teaching methods can include traditional
856:
in Quebec City offers a four- to five-year program to all entering students (both CEGEP graduates and university-level students),
2321:
2062:
1381:
1375:
810:
strictly utilizes the Critical Analysis and Reasoning section of the MCAT to determine interview eligibility and admission rank.
527:
2375:
1057:
Fellowship is an optional phase of training available to physicians having completed at least part of their residency training.
3173:
2834:
2296:
1847:
1242:
759:
diploma, which is the equivalent of other provinces' grade 12 plus the first year of university. Most faculties of medicine in
462:
1347:
1521:
826:
741:
505:
224:
490:
during the 18th century, a series of charitable institutions, many set up by Catholic religious orders, provided such care.
461:
In order to practice in a Canadian province or territory, physicians and surgeons must obtain certification from either the
3168:
2771:
2677:
2650:
1950:
1436:
2475:
2096:
1752:
986:
915:
participate in the day-to-day management of patients. They are supervised and taught during this clinical experience by
791:
588:
84:
3090:
1632:
Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology pioneer at University Health Network, Toronto, helped established chairs in oncology.
1096:
with the CFPC or RCPSC and any supplementary examinations required by provincial or territorial regulatory authorities.
1422:
734:
2559:
2359:
2274:
971:
814:
799:
562:
486:
were initially places which cared for the poor as those with higher socioeconomic status were cared for at home. In
707:
2224:
1650:
775:(AFMC) publishes a detailed guide to admission requirements of Canadian faculties of medicine on a yearly basis.
2530:
802:, use the MCAT score as a cut-off, where sub-standard scores compromise eligibility. Other schools, such as the
779:
469:(RCPSC), as well as become members of the provincial or territorial medical professional regulatory authority.
443:
369:
3163:
2811:
2789:
2526:
1401:
803:
478:
169:
100:
23:
2724:
2014:
3158:
2248:
1875:
1810:
836:
Medical school in Canada is generally a four-year program at most universities. Notable exceptions include
676:
498:
2156:
2117:
2910:
2858:
1820:
1654:
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1495:
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592:
517:, introduced the idea of preventing the spread of disease via sanitation measures following epidemics of
78:
56:
1575:
857:
3178:
1984:
1592:
747:
Generally, in order to be admitted into a Canadian medical school, one must have completed at least an
2888:
1158:
General assessment of the candidate's basic medical knowledge in the principal disciplines of medicine
1805:
1408:
1108:
1089:
1014:
944:
631:
and medical students in Quebec signed an online petition asking for their pay raises to be canceled.
3127:
2431:
3054:
3018:
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911:
sessions, and limited clinical experiences. The remainder of medical school is spent in clerkship.
767:
require at least 3 years of university study before application can be made to medical school. The
724:
2946:
2350:
Private Practice, Public Payment: Canadian Medicine and the Politics of Health Insurance 1911-1966
1886:
were displayed, which helped to raise public skepticism for the nationalized healthcare campaign.
1783:
1690:
1673:
1658:
1564:
1471:– First Nations medical doctor, medical advisor, Deputy Provincial Health Advisor (BC), and actor
751:. However, not all medical schools in Canada require a bachelor's degree for entry. For example,
532:
2501:
1583:
plastic surgeon, pioneer in facial reconstruction, and leader of first Canadian face transplant
1547:
904:
768:
73:
1788:
841:
795:
566:
557:
won the right for women to be admitted to medical schools and were granted licences from the
431:
159:
2348:
2601:
1694:
1268:
967:
956:
928:
916:
787:
748:
582:
570:
415:
403:
164:
39:
31:
8:
2699:
1792:
1474:
1295:
920:
837:
807:
643:
1809:(1920–1997) – pediatrician and neonatologist particularly known for his work with
853:
2630:
1937:
1815:
1723:
1313:
1283:
1026:
998:
952:
940:
818:
647:
550:
439:
365:
361:
174:
154:
117:
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2325:
2069:
1878:
in a campaign against a proposal for nationalized medical care put forth by President
2669:
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2379:
2355:
1942:
1700:
1511:
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1480:
1463:
1256:
1252:
994:
963:
924:
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908:
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822:
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684:
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554:
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502:
345:
196:
191:
184:
112:
68:
62:
2831:
2300:
2659:
1932:
1924:
1670:
1663:
1628:
1069:
696:
407:
341:
3019:"Certificates of Added Competence in Family Medicine: Sport and exercise medicine"
2445:
3055:"Certificates of Added Competence in Family Medicine: Family Practice Anesthesia"
2838:
2100:
1879:
1823:
1801:
1780:
1766:
1749:
1742:
1722:
care provider who helped legalize abortion in Canada and strengthen the power of
1712:
1704:
1667:
1639:
1624:
1620:
1610:
1596:
1559:
1551:
1544:(1890–1939) – surgeon, inventor, socialist, battlefield doctor in Spain and China
1516:
1506:
1484:
1363:
1289:
1022:
990:
985:
Graduating medical students in Canada must apply to a residency position via the
650:
179:
127:
2775:
2645:
1912:
622:
In 2018-2019, the average gross payment per physician reached $ 347,000 a year.
2467:
1835:
1830:
1746:
1707:
1554:
1541:
1526:
1501:
1498:
1301:
888:
760:
665:
2093:
258:
3152:
1776:
1755:
1728:
1676:
1646:
1606:
1586:
1571:
1248:
661:
522:
509:
447:
214:
49:
1186:
Assesses the competence of candidates who have obtained their medical degree
615:
Canada has a ratio of practising physicians to population that is below the
2673:
1946:
1797:
1771:
1635:
1459:
1264:
1030:
896:
884:
876:
844:, where programs run for three years, without interruption for the summer.
680:
494:
297:
2983:"Certificates of Added Competence in Family Medicine: Care of the Elderly"
1759:(1891–1976) – neurosurgeon, discovered electrical stimulation of the brain
3091:"Certificates of Added Competence in Family Medicine: Addiction Medicine"
2911:"Certificates of Added Competence in Family Medicine: Emergency medicine"
2851:"Missions and Goals: About CFPC: The College of Family Physicians Canada"
1762:
1077:
639:
313:
267:
2063:"Exploring the 70/30 Split: How Canada's Health Care System Is Financed"
1928:
1736:(1849–1919) – physician, called the "father of modern medicine"; wrote
1685:
1468:
1307:
1118:
1073:
1065:
1010:
1006:
1002:
948:
932:
892:
872:
514:
391:
2947:"Certificates of Added Competence in Family Medicine: Palliative care"
1477:(1849–1898) – first woman licensed to practice medicine in Nova Scotia
1681:
1326:
1018:
868:
771:
requires applicants to complete a prior degree before admission. The
692:
609:
573:, became the first woman to graduate from a Canadian medical school.
483:
423:
2623:"The Association of Faculties of Medicine of Canada ( www.afmc.ca )"
1387:
982:
Residency training is also known as postgraduate medical education.
2808:"Centre for the Evaluation of Health Professionals Educated Abroad"
2183:"Hundreds of Canadian doctors demand lower salaries. (Yes, lower.)"
1719:
1649:(born 1979/1980) – head of the department of emergency medicine at
1580:
880:
711:
Medical students at Halifax Medical College in Nova Scotia in 1890.
387:
337:
309:
2807:
2793:
2752:
2446:"Admission Requirements of Canadian Faculties of Medicine (2014)"
1732:
1530:
1337:
1319:
1034:
951:. Elective rotations are often available for students to explore
936:
900:
864:
860:
offers a formal four-year M.D. program to all admitted students.
764:
623:
518:
427:
411:
1680:(1926–2011) – cellular biologist credited with the discovery of
729:
2278:
2068:. The Canadian Institute for Health Information. Archived from
1260:
783:
752:
627:
487:
455:
435:
383:
329:
2850:
1657:, active contributor to WikiProject Medicine, and a volunteer
756:
1538:(1993-Present) - Emergency and family physician, Powerlifter
2880:
2275:"Obstetrician shortage endangers moms, babies: report says"
2104:
1128:
The MCC administers three different types of examinations:
616:
1369:
626:
had the highest average salary of around $ 230,000, while
284:
Physician, medical practitioner, medical doctor or simply
2646:"Mortgage-sized debt the new normal for medical students"
2034:"Five things Canadians get wrong about the health system"
1913:"Physician advocacy essential for Canada's First Nations"
1236:
1125:(LMCC) to those who wish to practise medicine in Canada.
333:
1568:(1913–2005) – inventor of the first artificial pacemaker
1192:
3.5-hour case-based clinical decision making examination
1149:
Medical Council of Canada Evaluating Examination (MCCEE)
2832:
The Process of Becoming a Licensed Medical Doctor in BC
1121:
through examinations. It grants a qualification called
2354:. Kingston, Ontario: McGill-Queen's University Press.
1178:
Canadian medical graduates and those who passed MCCEE
755:'s medical schools accept applicants after a two-year
2881:"Certificates of Added Competence in Family Medicine"
2028:
2026:
2024:
1247:
The CFPC establishes the standards for the training,
658:
Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
1589:(1938–2008) – pediatrician and child health advocate
806:, give increasing preference to higher performance.
587:Healthcare in Canada is delivered through thirteen
2402:"Private health-care advocate wins CMA presidency"
2347:
2153:"Que. doctors lagging in fee-for-service payments"
2021:
1853:Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada
1488:(1881–1982) – physician and birth control activist
1333:Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada
1327:Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada
467:Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada
1388:Selected Canadian medically relevant publications
3150:
2448:. Association of Faculties of Medicine of Canada
2211:
2003:
1214:3-hour Objective-Structured Clinical Examination
989:(CaRMS). Some of the available programs include
763:require at least 2 years, and most faculties in
1898:Public health and preventive medicine in Canada
1416:Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
1189:4-hour 210-question multiple choice examination
675:The national doctors association is called the
561:. In 1883, Emily Stowe led the creation of the
1787:(born 1934) – founded the first department of
1338:Provincial or territorial regulatory authority
773:Association of Faculties of Medicine of Canada
538:
493:The first medical schools were established in
1395:Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism
1352:College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario
576:
559:College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario
232:
1346:For example, in the province of Quebec, the
1102:
2249:"Ont. doctors get 12.25 per cent wage hike"
2155:. Ctv.ca. December 21, 2006. Archived from
2087:
1603:(1923–2004) – pioneer of open-heart surgery
1274:
1123:Licentiate of the Medical Council of Canada
782:(MCAT), and interviews. Medical schools in
430:play an important role in the provision of
1094:objective structured clinical examinations
257:
239:
225:
2700:"Canadian Medical Association | CMA"
2663:
2147:
2145:
1936:
1900:(5th ed.). Toronto: Elsevier Canada.
786:(Francophones and Anglophone alike), the
702:
452:Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery
2747:
2745:
2725:"Program Descriptions – First Iteration"
2643:
2472:Association of American Medical Colleges
728:
706:
599:. It is guided by the provisions of the
2766:
2764:
2762:
2468:"Medical College Admission Test (MCAT)"
2255:from the original on September 30, 2008
1614:(born 1949) war surgeon, chief surgeon
1382:Canadian Medical Protective Association
1376:Canadian Medical Protective Association
1370:Canadian Medical Protective Association
1362:In Canada, physicians are paid through
528:The Principles and Practice of Medicine
3151:
3098:College of Family Physicians of Canada
3062:College of Family Physicians of Canada
3026:College of Family Physicians of Canada
2990:College of Family Physicians of Canada
2954:College of Family Physicians of Canada
2918:College of Family Physicians of Canada
2885:College of Family Physicians of Canada
2855:College of Family Physicians of Canada
2644:Sullivan, Patrick (2 September 2003).
2582:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2345:
2285:from the original on December 6, 2008.
2142:
1910:
1848:College of Family Physicians of Canada
1453:
1243:College of Family Physicians of Canada
1237:College of Family Physicians of Canada
463:College of Family Physicians of Canada
3134:from the original on January 23, 2024
2861:from the original on 11 February 2015
2742:
2408:from the original on January 24, 2024
2212:Terence Corcoran (November 9, 2004).
1643:(1932–1996) – physician and scientist
3128:"Physician Payment Models in Canada"
3107:from the original on 22 January 2019
3071:from the original on 22 January 2019
2999:from the original on 22 January 2019
2927:from the original on 22 January 2019
2891:from the original on 22 January 2019
2759:
2651:Canadian Medical Association Journal
2324:. Cma.ca. 2010-03-24. Archived from
2180:
1917:Canadian Medical Association Journal
1895:
1437:Canadian Medical Association Journal
1322:(post-nominal designation: CCFP-ESS)
1310:(post-nominal designation: CCFP-FPA)
1304:(post-nominal designation: CCFP-SEM)
1298:(post-nominal designation: CCFP-COE)
2193:from the original on March 22, 2019
2011:"Overview of the Canada Health Act"
1991:from the original on March 22, 2019
1738:Principles and Practice of Medicine
1357:
1316:(post-nominal designation: CCFP-AM)
1292:(post-nominal designation: CCFP-PC)
1286:(post-nominal designation: CCFP-EM)
987:Canadian Residency Matching Service
817:. They offer a three- to five-year
792:Northern Ontario School of Medicine
13:
3035:from the original on 30 April 2018
2963:from the original on 29 March 2018
2378:. Physiotherapy.ca. Archived from
1443:Canadian Medical Education Journal
1423:Canadian Journal of Rural Medicine
735:McIntyre Medical Sciences Building
14:
3190:
3125:
2680:from the original on 10 June 2011
2130:from the original on 12 July 2024
972:Master of Business Administration
718:
638:agreed to become a province-wide
563:Ontario Medical College for Women
497:in the 1820s. These included the
2790:"Qualifying Examination Part II"
2478:from the original on 1 July 2014
2214:"ONTARIO DOCTORS SOLD OUT AGAIN"
1985:"Public vs. private health care"
1209:Candidates who passed QE Part I
683:. Since the passage of the 1984
660:reported a critical shortage of
208:
38:
3119:
3083:
3047:
3011:
2975:
2939:
2903:
2873:
2843:
2825:
2814:from the original on 2008-12-30
2800:
2782:
2731:from the original on 2019-04-28
2717:
2706:from the original on 2016-03-06
2692:
2637:
2615:
2590:
2545:
2515:
2490:
2460:
2438:
2420:
2394:
2368:
2339:
2314:
2289:
2267:
2241:
2205:
2174:
2110:
2044:from the original on 2015-07-11
1953:from the original on 2011-06-10
1770:(born 1956) Canadian pediatric
1651:East Kootenay Regional Hospital
2297:"Canadian Medical Association"
2055:
1987:. CBC News. December 1, 2006.
1977:
1964:
1904:
1889:
1864:
1348:Collège des médecins du Québec
1203:Qualifying Examination Part II
813:There are currently seventeen
790:(a bilingual school), and the
780:Medical College Admission Test
444:Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine
1:
3174:History of medicine in Canada
3126:B, Tracy (October 25, 2023).
1858:
1402:Biochemistry and Cell Biology
1172:Qualifying Examination Part I
1072:, general internal medicine,
1052:
804:University of Western Ontario
508:today. In the mid-1870s, Sir
479:History of medicine in Canada
2498:"Frequently Asked Questions"
2118:"Physicians in Canada, 2019"
1896:Shah, Chandrakant P (2003).
1876:American Medical Association
1811:sudden infant death syndrome
1083:
1049:physician in that province.
977:
923:. Typical rotations include
677:Canadian Medical Association
499:Montreal Medical Institution
7:
3169:Medical education in Canada
2181:Wang, Amy (March 7, 2018).
1841:
1655:Cranbrook, British Columbia
1430:Canadian Journal of Surgery
1302:Sport and exercise medicine
636:Ontario Medical Association
606:doctor-patient relationship
593:publicly funded health care
539:Women in medicine in Canada
10:
3195:
2527:Queen's School of Medicine
2094:Health resources - Doctors
1870:In 1949, Fildes' painting
1373:
1330:
1240:
1106:
722:
589:provincial and territorial
580:
577:Canadian healthcare system
542:
476:
472:
2428:"ADMISSIONS REQUIREMENTS"
1972:Canadian Women: A History
1693:(1882–1959) – pioneering
1409:Canadian Family Physician
1109:Medical Council of Canada
1103:Medical Council of Canada
1090:Medical Council of Canada
1015:obstetrics and gynecology
955:of interest for upcoming
945:obstetrics and gynecology
815:medical schools in Canada
397:
375:
351:
324:
319:
303:
291:
280:
275:
256:
2753:"Evaluating Examination"
2346:Naylor, C David (1986).
2299:. Cma.ca. Archived from
1320:Enhanced surgical skills
1275:Enhanced skills programs
858:Université de Sherbrooke
725:Medical school in Canada
525:wrote the landmark text
2772:"2013 Examination Fees"
2598:"The Selection Process"
1691:Frances Gertrude McGill
1659:Knowledge administrator
907:, laboratory sessions,
136:Diagnostic Services Act
2434:on September 24, 2023.
1548:Wilfred Gordon Bigelow
905:problem-based learning
850:Université de Montréal
769:University of Manitoba
744:
712:
703:Education and training
656:In December 2008, the
565:, affiliated with the
134:Hospital Insurance and
123:Comparison with the US
2523:"Method of selection"
1789:clinical epidemiology
842:University of Calgary
796:University of Toronto
737:, central hub of the
732:
710:
567:University of Toronto
3164:Healthcare in Canada
2281:. December 5, 2008.
1695:forensic pathologist
1229:medicine in Canada.
968:Doctor of Philosophy
788:University of Ottawa
749:undergraduate degree
595:, informally called
583:Healthcare in Canada
571:Augusta Stowe-Gullen
416:Specialist physician
404:General practitioner
85:Controlled Drugs and
79:Non-Insured Benefits
32:Healthcare in Canada
3159:Canadian physicians
2796:on August 17, 2008.
2778:on August 28, 2009.
1929:10.1503/cmaj.081290
1911:Warren, P. (2008).
1793:McMaster University
1529:, co-discoverer of
1475:Maria Louisa Angwin
1454:Canadian physicians
1296:Care of the elderly
1183:Computer-based test
919:and fully licensed
838:McMaster University
827:Faculty of Medicine
808:McMaster University
742:Faculty of Medicine
506:Faculty of Medicine
253:
101:History of medicine
2837:2008-09-14 at the
2187:washingtonpost.com
2099:2019-03-22 at the
2075:on 30 January 2019
2038:The Globe and Mail
2017:on April 14, 2009.
1816:Albert Ross Tilley
1724:jury nullification
1314:Addiction medicine
1284:Emergency medicine
1253:lifelong education
1115:Canada Medical Act
1027:orthopedic surgery
999:emergency medicine
957:residency training
941:emergency medicine
819:Doctor of Medicine
800:Queen's University
745:
713:
644:Ontario government
551:Emily Howard Stowe
454:(M.B., B.S.) from
440:Doctor of Medicine
353:Education required
251:
118:Father of medicare
57:Minister of Health
16:Canadian physician
3179:Canadian surgeons
2382:on March 10, 2011
1970:Alison Prentice,
1827:– plastic surgeon
1826:
1786:
1769:
1758:
1735:
1717:
1701:Henry Morgentaler
1697:and criminologist
1679:
1642:
1631:
1613:
1602:
1578:
1567:
1524:
1492:Frederick Banting
1487:
1481:Elizabeth Bagshaw
1464:McGill University
1448:Médecin du Québec
1257:family physicians
1226:
1225:
1140:Assessment areas
995:internal medicine
964:Master of Science
925:internal medicine
909:simulated patient
846:McGill University
823:McGill University
739:McGill University
685:Canada Health Act
601:Canada Health Act
555:Jennie Kidd Trout
545:Women in medicine
503:McGill University
421:
420:
346:critical thinking
342:analytical skills
249:
248:
215:Canada portal
63:Canada Health Act
3186:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3106:
3095:
3087:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3070:
3059:
3051:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3040:
3034:
3023:
3015:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3004:
2998:
2987:
2979:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2962:
2951:
2943:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2926:
2915:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2877:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2866:
2847:
2841:
2829:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2804:
2798:
2797:
2792:. Archived from
2786:
2780:
2779:
2774:. Archived from
2768:
2757:
2756:
2749:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2721:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2667:
2641:
2635:
2634:
2629:. Archived from
2619:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2600:. Archived from
2594:
2588:
2587:
2581:
2573:
2571:
2570:
2564:
2558:. Archived from
2557:
2549:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2529:. Archived from
2519:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2509:
2500:. Archived from
2494:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2430:. Archived from
2424:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2376:"HEAL home page"
2372:
2366:
2365:
2353:
2343:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2333:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2245:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2229:
2223:. Archived from
2218:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2162:on June 10, 2009
2161:
2149:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2129:
2122:
2114:
2108:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2074:
2067:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2030:
2019:
2018:
2013:. Archived from
2007:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1981:
1975:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1940:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1893:
1887:
1874:was used by the
1868:
1819:
1808:
1779:
1765:
1745:
1731:
1703:
1666:
1664:Ernest McCulloch
1638:
1623:
1609:
1595:
1574:
1550:
1536:Khashayar Farzam
1494:
1483:
1358:Physician salary
1131:
1130:
1070:gastroenterology
921:staff physicians
854:Université Laval
697:British Columbia
446:(D.O.) from the
408:Family physician
305:Activity sectors
261:
254:
250:
241:
234:
227:
213:
212:
211:
128:Indian hospitals
42:
19:
18:
3194:
3193:
3189:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3184:
3183:
3149:
3148:
3147:
3137:
3135:
3124:
3120:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3093:
3089:
3088:
3084:
3074:
3072:
3068:
3057:
3053:
3052:
3048:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3021:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3002:
3000:
2996:
2985:
2981:
2980:
2976:
2966:
2964:
2960:
2949:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2930:
2928:
2924:
2913:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2894:
2892:
2879:
2878:
2874:
2864:
2862:
2849:
2848:
2844:
2839:Wayback Machine
2830:
2826:
2817:
2815:
2806:
2805:
2801:
2788:
2787:
2783:
2770:
2769:
2760:
2751:
2750:
2743:
2734:
2732:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2709:
2707:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2683:
2681:
2642:
2638:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2607:
2605:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2575:
2574:
2568:
2566:
2562:
2555:
2553:"Archived copy"
2551:
2550:
2546:
2536:
2534:
2533:on 14 July 2014
2521:
2520:
2516:
2507:
2505:
2496:
2495:
2491:
2481:
2479:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2451:
2449:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2426:
2425:
2421:
2411:
2409:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2385:
2383:
2374:
2373:
2369:
2362:
2344:
2340:
2331:
2329:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2306:
2304:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2258:
2256:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2216:
2210:
2206:
2196:
2194:
2179:
2175:
2165:
2163:
2159:
2151:
2150:
2143:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2120:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2101:Wayback Machine
2092:
2088:
2078:
2076:
2072:
2065:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2047:
2045:
2032:
2031:
2022:
2009:
2008:
2004:
1994:
1992:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1969:
1965:
1956:
1954:
1909:
1905:
1894:
1890:
1880:Harry S. Truman
1869:
1865:
1861:
1844:
1800:
1743:Wilder Penfield
1621:Patrick Gullane
1456:
1390:
1378:
1372:
1364:fee-for-service
1360:
1340:
1335:
1329:
1290:Palliative care
1277:
1263:. It accredits
1245:
1239:
1204:
1173:
1113:Founded by the
1111:
1105:
1086:
1055:
1023:general surgery
991:family medicine
980:
929:family medicine
913:Clinical clerks
727:
721:
705:
651:Dalton McGuinty
585:
579:
547:
541:
521:. In 1892, Dr.
501:, which is the
481:
475:
414:
410:
406:
400:
380:
378:
354:
336:and science of
306:
294:
293:Occupation type
271:
245:
209:
207:
202:
201:
150:
142:
141:
135:
103:
93:
92:
86:
74:Health Transfer
52:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3192:
3182:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3146:
3145:
3118:
3082:
3046:
3010:
2974:
2938:
2902:
2872:
2842:
2824:
2799:
2781:
2758:
2741:
2716:
2691:
2658:(5): 457–458.
2636:
2633:on 2005-03-11.
2614:
2589:
2544:
2514:
2489:
2459:
2437:
2419:
2393:
2367:
2360:
2338:
2313:
2288:
2266:
2240:
2204:
2173:
2141:
2109:
2086:
2054:
2020:
2002:
1976:
1963:
1903:
1888:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1855:
1850:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1838:
1836:Melanie Morris
1833:
1831:Irene Cybulsky
1828:
1813:
1795:
1774:
1760:
1740:
1726:
1718:(1923–2013) –
1698:
1688:
1661:
1644:
1633:
1618:
1604:
1593:John Callaghan
1590:
1584:
1569:
1545:
1542:Norman Bethune
1539:
1533:
1527:Nobel laureate
1525:(1891–1941) –
1489:
1478:
1472:
1466:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1433:
1426:
1419:
1412:
1405:
1398:
1389:
1386:
1374:Main article:
1371:
1368:
1359:
1356:
1339:
1336:
1331:Main article:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1323:
1317:
1311:
1305:
1299:
1293:
1287:
1276:
1273:
1241:Main article:
1238:
1235:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1215:
1210:
1207:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1179:
1176:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1154:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1107:Main article:
1104:
1101:
1085:
1082:
1054:
1051:
979:
976:
889:medical ethics
761:Western Canada
723:Main article:
720:
719:Medical school
717:
704:
701:
581:Main article:
578:
575:
543:Main article:
540:
537:
477:Main article:
474:
471:
465:(CFPC) or the
419:
418:
401:
398:
395:
394:
381:
376:
373:
372:
355:
352:
349:
348:
326:
322:
321:
317:
316:
307:
304:
301:
300:
295:
292:
289:
288:
282:
278:
277:
273:
272:
262:
247:
246:
244:
243:
236:
229:
221:
218:
217:
204:
203:
200:
199:
194:
189:
188:
187:
177:
172:
167:
162:
157:
151:
148:
147:
144:
143:
140:
139:
130:
125:
120:
115:
110:
104:
99:
98:
95:
94:
91:
90:
87:Substances Act
81:
76:
71:
66:
59:
53:
48:
47:
44:
43:
35:
34:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3191:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3133:
3129:
3122:
3103:
3099:
3092:
3086:
3067:
3063:
3056:
3050:
3031:
3027:
3020:
3014:
2995:
2991:
2984:
2978:
2959:
2955:
2948:
2942:
2923:
2919:
2912:
2906:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2876:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2846:
2840:
2836:
2833:
2828:
2813:
2809:
2803:
2795:
2791:
2785:
2777:
2773:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2754:
2748:
2746:
2730:
2726:
2720:
2705:
2701:
2695:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2652:
2647:
2640:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2618:
2604:on 2012-03-08
2603:
2599:
2593:
2585:
2579:
2565:on 2010-06-02
2561:
2554:
2548:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2518:
2504:on 2016-03-15
2503:
2499:
2493:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2463:
2447:
2441:
2433:
2429:
2423:
2407:
2403:
2397:
2381:
2377:
2371:
2363:
2361:9780773561113
2357:
2352:
2351:
2342:
2328:on 2006-05-02
2327:
2323:
2317:
2303:on 2009-07-08
2302:
2298:
2292:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2270:
2259:September 15,
2254:
2250:
2244:
2230:on 2006-05-31
2226:
2222:
2221:National Post
2215:
2208:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2177:
2158:
2154:
2148:
2146:
2126:
2119:
2113:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2095:
2090:
2071:
2064:
2058:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2016:
2012:
2006:
1990:
1986:
1980:
1973:
1967:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1907:
1899:
1892:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1867:
1863:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1825:
1822:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:in Canada at
1790:
1785:
1782:
1778:
1777:David Sackett
1775:
1773:
1768:
1764:
1761:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1734:
1730:
1729:William Osler
1727:
1725:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1709:
1706:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1683:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1647:James Heilman
1645:
1641:
1637:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1612:
1608:
1607:Chris Giannou
1605:
1601:
1598:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1587:Basil Boulton
1585:
1582:
1577:
1573:
1572:Daniel Borsuk
1570:
1566:
1562:
1561:
1556:
1553:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1523:
1519:
1518:
1513:
1509:
1508:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1493:
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1772:neurosurgeon
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877:pharmacology
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325:Competencies
298:Professional
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3138:January 23,
2865:22 February
2627:www.afmc.ca
2412:January 24,
2322:"About CMA"
1763:James Rutka
1579:(1978– ) –
1233:territory.
1174:(QE Part I)
1137:Candidates
1078:respirology
953:specialties
640:closed shop
610:dental care
591:systems of
432:health care
320:Description
314:health care
268:Luke Fildes
160:Drug policy
3153:Categories
3111:21 January
3075:21 January
3039:21 January
3003:21 January
2967:21 January
2931:21 January
2895:21 January
2818:2019-04-14
2735:2019-04-13
2710:2019-04-14
2608:2019-04-14
2569:2019-04-14
2508:2019-04-14
2332:2011-02-10
2307:2011-02-10
2234:2011-02-10
2048:2019-03-22
1957:2011-02-10
1923:(7): 728.
1884:The Doctor
1872:The Doctor
1859:References
1686:James Till
1469:Evan Adams
1308:Anesthesia
1119:physicians
1074:nephrology
1066:cardiology
1053:Fellowship
1011:psychiatry
1007:pediatrics
1003:anesthesia
949:pediatrics
933:psychiatry
893:health law
873:physiology
515:Royal Navy
424:Physicians
392:government
379:employment
276:Occupation
264:The Doctor
165:Euthanasia
108:Physicians
2727:. CaRMS.
2197:March 22,
1995:March 22,
1682:stem cell
1269:residents
1084:Licensure
1019:radiology
978:Residency
966:(MSc) or
917:residents
869:histology
693:Brian Day
619:average.
484:Hospitals
388:hospitals
377:Fields of
252:Physician
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3102:Archived
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901:lectures
881:genetics
840:and the
597:Medicare
428:surgeons
338:medicine
310:Medicine
270:(detail)
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170:Refugees
155:Abortion
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1531:insulin
1035:urology
937:surgery
865:anatomy
765:Ontario
648:premier
624:Alberta
519:cholera
473:History
412:Surgeon
384:Clinics
197:Obesity
192:Smoking
185:Suicide
113:Nursing
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753:Quebec
628:Quebec
488:Quebec
456:Europe
436:Canada
330:ethics
286:doctor
180:Murder
149:Topics
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2670:PMID
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