255:
456:
race "in its external characters is a brown human variety, neither white nor negroid, but pure in its elements, that is to say not a product of the mixture of Whites with
Negroes or negroid peoples." Sergi explained this taxonomy as inspired by an understanding of "the morphology of the skull as revealing those internal physical characters of human stocks which remain constant through long ages and at far remote spots As a zoologist can recognise the character of an animal species or variety belonging to any region of the globe or any period of time, so also should an anthropologist if he follows the same method of investigating the morphological characters of the skull This method has guided me in my investigations into the present problem and has given me unexpected results which were often afterwards confirmed by archaeology or history."
775:
traded and communicated directly with what is now
Abyssinia and the Land of Punt (Somaliland), and that the Hamitic peoples of these countries facing the Red Sea and Indian Ocean carried a small measure of Egyptian culture into the lands about the Nile Lakes. In this way, and through Uganda as a half-way house, the totally savage Negro received his knowledge of smelting and working iron, all his domestic animals and cultivated plants (except those, of course, subsequently introduced by Arabs from Asia and Portuguese from America), all his musical instruments higher in development than the single bowstring and the resonant hollow log, and, in short, all the civilization he possessed before the coming of the white man"
365:, many Western scholars were no longer satisfied with the biblical account of the early history of mankind, but started to develop faith-independent theories. These theories were developed in a historical situation where most Western nations were still profiting from the enslavement of Africans. In this context, many of the works published on Egypt after Napoleon's expedition "seemed to have had as their main purpose an attempt to prove in some way that the Egyptians were not Negroes", thus separating the high civilization of Ancient Egypt from what they wanted to see as an inferior race. Authors such as
221:
54:
554:
537:
713:-speaking, Speke thought that the Tutsi had experienced some "Hamitic" influence, partly based on their facial features being comparatively more narrow than those of the Hutu. Later writers followed Speke in arguing that the Tutsis had originally migrated into the lacustrine region as pastoralists and had established themselves as the dominant group, having lost their language as they assimilated to Bantu culture.
1974:
38:
686:, who had met the ruler, remarked that Mutesa "had lost the pure Hamitic features through admixture of Negro blood, but still retained sufficient characteristics to prevent all doubt as to his origin". Thus, Keane would suggest that the original Hamitic migrants to the Great Lakes had "gradually blended with the aborigines in a new and superior nationality of
523:
called this a "monothematic" model, which was "romantic, but unlikely" and " been all but discarded, and rightly so". He further argued that there were a "multiplicity and variety" of contacts and influences passing between various peoples in Africa over time, something that he suggested the "one-directional" Hamitic model obscured.
758:
pushed further inland to play the part of an incoming aristocracy vis-a-vis the
Negroes on whom they impinged... The end result of one series of such combinations is to be seen in the Masai , the other in the Baganda, while an even more striking result is offered by the symbiosis of the Bahima of Ankole and the Bahiru .
856:
developed from this the concept of the "Asiatic
Blackman." Many other authors followed the argument that civilization had originated in Hamitic Ethiopia, a view that became intermingled with biblical imagery. The Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) (1920) believed that Ethiopians were the
507:
Seligman asserted that the Negro race was essentially static and agricultural, and that the wandering "pastoral
Hamitic" had introduced most of the advanced features found in central African cultures, including metal working, irrigation and complex social structures. Despite criticism, Seligman kept
757:
At first the
Hamites, or at least their aristocracy, would endeavour to marry Hamitic women, but it cannot have been long before a series of peoples combining Negro and Hamitic blood arose; these, superior to the pure Negro, would be regarded as inferior to the next incoming wave of Hamites and be
455:
region in Africa, and which later spread from there to populate North Africa, the Horn of Africa, and the circum-Mediterranean region. According to Sergi, the
Hamites themselves constituted a Mediterranean variety, and one situated close to the cradle of the stock. He added that the Mediterranean
845:
in 1917 to "inspire the Negro with new hopes; to make him openly proud of his race and of its great contributions to the religious development and civilization of mankind." He argued that "fifty years ago one would not have dreamed that science would defend the fact that Asia was the home of the
774:
The fifth and last amongst these main stocks is the
Hamitic, which is Negroid rather than Negro. This is the division of African peoples to which the modern Somali and Gala belong, and of which the basis of the population of ancient Egypt consisted... Rather it would seem as though ancient Egypt
522:
described the
Hamitic hypothesis as the view that "almost everything more un-'primitive', sophisticated or more elaborate in East Africa brought by culturally and politically dominant Hamites, immigrants from the North into East Africa, who were at least part Caucasoid in physical ancestry". He
1650:
The Uganda
Protectorate: An Attempt to Give Some Description of the Physical Geography, Botany, Zoology, Anthropology, Languages and History of the Territories Under British Protection in East Central Africa, Between the Congo Free State and the Rift Valley and Between the First Degree of South
313:
During the Middle Ages, Jews and Christians considered Ham to be the ancestor of all Africans. Noah's curse on Canaan as described in Genesis began to be interpreted by some theologians as having caused visible racial characteristics in all of Ham's offspring, notably black skin. In a passage
662:(Bahima, Wahuma or Mhuma). These groups asserted that their founders were "white" migrants from the north (interpreted as the Horn of Africa and/or North Africa), who subsequently "lost" their original language, culture, and much of their physiognomy as they intermarried with the local
705:(1863), Speke would also attempt to outline how the Empire of Kitara in the African Great Lakes region may have been established by a Hamitic founding dynasty. These ideas, under the rubric of science, provided the basis for some Europeans asserting that the Tutsi were superior to the
427:(1844), Morton analyzed over a hundred intact crania gathered from the Nile Valley, and concluded that the ancient Egyptians were racially akin to Europeans. His conclusions would establish the foundation for the American School of anthropology, and would also influence proponents of
883:, and others were struck with the Egyptian features of many of the tribes of Africa, and this is true of many of the peoples between Central Africa and Egypt, so that some students have tried to invent a 'Hamitic' race to account for them—an entirely unnecessary hypothesis."
460:
350:
724:
had mixed with local "Negro" women to produce several hybrid "Hamiticised Negro" populations. The "Hamiticised Negroes" were divided into three groups according to language and degree of Hamitic influence: the "Negro-Hamites" or "Half-Hamites" (such as the
415:"Perhaps because slavery was both still legal and profitable in the United States ... there arose an American school of anthropology which attempted to prove scientifically that the Egyptian was a Caucasian, far removed from the inferior Negro". Through
337:, which could hardly be reconciled with the theory of Africans being inferior or cursed. In consequence, some 19th century theologians emphasized that the biblical Noah restricted his curse to the offspring of Ham's youngest son Canaan, while Ham's son
875:(1868–1963) thus argued that "the term Hamite under which millions of Negroes have been characteristically transferred to the white race by some eager scientists" was a tool to create "false writing on Africa". According to Du Bois, "
147:) phylogenetic unit of their own, separate from other Afroasiatic languages, linguists no longer use the term in this sense. Each of these branches is instead now regarded as an independent subgroup of the larger Afroasiatic family.
490:
Apart from relatively late Semitic influence... the civilizations of Africa are the civilizations of the Hamites, its history is the record of these peoples and of their interaction with the two other African stocks, the
634:
According to Coon, typical Hamitic physical traits included narrow facial features; an orthognathous visage; light brown to dark brown skin tone; wavy, curly or straight hair; thick to thin lips without eversion; and a
826:. According to Yaacov Shavit, this generated "radical Afrocentric theory, which followed the path of European racial doctrines". Writers who insisted that the Nordics were the purest representatives of the
841:
adopted Sergi's view that the "civilizing" race had originated in Africa itself. Similarly, black pride groups appropriated the concept of Hamitic identity for their own purposes. Parker founded the
1489:
787:
officials in the colonial period displayed preferential attitudes toward the Tutsis over the Hutu. Some scholars argued that this bias was a significant factor that contributed to the 1994
658:
In the African Great Lakes region, Europeans based the various migration theories of Hamitic provenance in part on the long-held oral traditions of local populations such as the Tutsi and
2878:
830:
indirectly encouraged "the transformation of the Hamitic race into the black race, and the resemblance it draws between the different branches of black forms in Asia and Africa."
947:
Instead, the Western concept of race must be understood as a classification system that emerged from, and in support of, European colonialism, oppression, and discrimination.
770:
claims that the Hamites are "Negroid rather than Negro" and that Negroes learned "all the civilization they possessed |before the coming of the white man" from the Hamites:
423:
argued that the differences between the races were too broad to have stemmed from a single common ancestor, but were instead consistent with separate racial origins. In his
254:
800:
514:
With the demise of the concept of Hamitic languages, the notion of a definable "Hamite" racial and linguistic entity was heavily criticised. In 1974, writing about the
865:, which originally possessed "fine features and straight hair", but which migrated into Central Africa, lost its religion, and declined into a barbaric "jungle life".
2830:
503:
and Somali... The incoming Hamites were pastoral Caucasians – arriving wave after wave – better armed as well as quicker witted than the dark agricultural Negroes."
2012:
2846:
697:, he argued that its "barbaric civilization" had arisen from a nomadic pastoralist race who had migrated from the north and was related to the Hamitic
779:
European colonial powers in Africa were influenced by the Hamitic hypothesis in their policies during the twentieth century. For instance, in Rwanda,
373:
was published in 1799, laid the "seeds for the new Hamitic myth that was to emerge in the very near future", insisting that the Egyptians were white.
1573:
Stanley in Africa: The Wonderful Discoveries and Thrilling Adventures of the Great African Explorer, and Other Travelers, Pioneers and Missionaries
927:
322:
for skin color. Later, Western and Islamic traders and slave owners used the concept of the "Curse of Ham" to justify the enslaving of Africans.
693:
Speke believed that his explorations uncovered the link between "civilized" North Africa and "primitive" central Africa. Describing the Ugandan
499:, whether this influence was exerted by highly civilized Egyptians or by such wider pastoralists as are represented at the present day by the
2790:
2005:
3177:
2782:
961:
2806:
810:
African-American scholars were initially ambivalent about the Hamitic hypothesis. Because Sergi's theory proposed that the superior
2236:
1269:
Swift, John N; Mammoser, Gigen (Fall 2009), "Out of the Realm of Superstition: Chesnutt's 'Dave's Neckliss' and the Curse of Ham",
380:
acquired a new anthropological meaning, as scholars asserted that they could discern a "Hamitic race" that was distinct from the "
3157:
2263:
1998:
814:
had originated in Africa, some African-American writers believed that they could appropriate the Hamitic hypothesis to challenge
2983:
2398:
2225:
716:
Seligman and other early scholars believed that, in the African Great Lakes and parts of Central Africa, invading Hamites from
989:
1216:
Evans, William M (February 1980), "From the Land of Canaan to the Land of Guinea: The Strange Odyssey of the 'Sons of Ham'",
999:
971:
143:
branch, was formerly labelled "Hamito-Semitic". Because the three Hamitic branches have not been shown to form an exclusive (
2950:
2241:
1430:
Zachernuk, Philip (1994). "Of Origins and Colonial Order: Southern Nigerians and the 'Hamitic Hypothesis' c. 1870–1970".
577:
Sergi outlined the constituent Hamitic physical types, which would form the basis for the work of later writers such as
1339:
Giuseppe Sergi, The Mediterranean Race: A Study of the Origin of European Peoples, (BiblioBazaar, LLC, 2008), pp.42-43.
1317:
1087:
1049:
330:
282:, after Noah became drunk and Ham dishonored his father, upon awakening Noah pronounced a curse on Ham's youngest son,
931:
2854:
2798:
1357:
Giuseppe Sergi, The Mediterranean Race: A Study of the Origin of European Peoples, (BiblioBazaar, LLC, 2008), p.250.
111:
The term was originally used in contrast to the other two proposed divisions of mankind based on the story of Noah:
3162:
2822:
585:(1901), he wrote that there was a distinct Hamitic ancestral stock, which could be divided into two subgroups: the
194:, this theory asserted that virtually all significant achievements in African history were the work of "Hamites".
1978:
1503:
871:
writers considered the Hamitic hypothesis to be divisive since it asserted the inferiority of "Negroid" peoples.
2814:
2678:
2628:
2613:
2251:
2051:
1348:
Giuseppe Sergi, The Mediterranean Race: A Study of the Origin of European Peoples, (Forgotten Books), pp.39-44.
2838:
2056:
650:"Among both the Northern and Eastern Hamites are to be found some of the most beautiful types of humanity."
357:
were the model for the conflation of ethnic and linguistic evidence in the construction of Hamitic identity.
318:
says that Ham and his descendants were cursed with black skin, which modern scholars have interpreted as an
3147:
2738:
2403:
1366:
Giuseppe Sergi, The Mediterranean Race: A Study of the Origin of European Peoples, (Forgotten Books), p.36.
1110:
1147:
Sanders, Edith R. (October 1969). "The Hamitic Hypothesis; Its Origin and Functions in Time Perspective".
286:, stating that his offspring would be the "servants of servants". Of Ham's four sons, Canaan fathered the
2453:
2418:
2368:
842:
753:). Seligman would explain this Hamitic influence through both demic diffusion and cultural transmission:
3172:
3152:
2976:
2870:
2764:
2583:
2038:
2548:
2498:
2270:
2920:
2688:
2513:
2201:
2081:
2021:
283:
3167:
2378:
1620:
1556:
784:
17:
1759:
Deutsch, Nathaniel (October 2001), "'The Asiatic Black Man': An African American Orientalism?",
2723:
2478:
2338:
1079:
1073:
780:
41:
German 1932 ethnographic map portraying Hamites (in German: "Hamiten") as a subdivision of the
1648:
1571:
1039:
2969:
2862:
2718:
2698:
2643:
2275:
1307:
892:
683:
409:
366:
136:
2503:
682:
idiom, though that language had long since died out elsewhere in the region. The missionary
678:, the Hima King Mutesa I also claimed Oromo (Galla) ancestors and still reportedly spoke an
2915:
2633:
2598:
2413:
1879:
1385:
880:
675:
420:
362:
8:
3074:
2992:
2578:
2528:
2473:
2353:
2089:
1712:
897:
838:
515:
271:
197:
Since the 1960s, the Hamitic hypothesis and Hamitic theory, along with other theories of
2623:
2358:
1883:
1389:
511:
Hamitic hypotheses operated in West Africa as well, and they changed greatly over time.
2743:
2673:
2533:
2488:
2388:
2164:
1848:
The World and Africa: An Inquiry Into the Part Which Africa Has Played in World History
1776:
1550:
1455:
1447:
1288:
1233:
1180:
1172:
811:
694:
667:
448:
401:
385:
229:
187:
128:
837:
stressed the cross-fertilization of cultures between Africa and Europe: for instance,
3047:
3037:
3017:
2886:
2774:
2733:
2658:
2573:
2543:
2443:
2312:
2285:
2258:
2159:
2030:
1780:
1459:
1313:
1292:
1184:
1164:
1083:
1045:
995:
967:
876:
519:
405:
315:
198:
175:
140:
132:
105:
89:
66:
2961:
2458:
1938:
The Lost White Tribe: Explorers, Scientists, and the Theory that Changed a Continent
1309:
The Lost White Tribe: Explorers, Scientists, and the Theory that Changed a Continent
3032:
3009:
2713:
2708:
2683:
2663:
2428:
2139:
1887:
1826:
1768:
1439:
1393:
1278:
1225:
1156:
872:
862:
788:
397:
267:
247:
220:
124:
58:
822:. The latter "Nordic" concept was promoted by certain writers, such as eugenicist
2996:
2748:
2703:
2593:
2563:
2438:
2423:
2363:
2300:
2196:
1990:
1846:
858:
853:
710:
687:
636:
563:
389:
279:
101:
31:
926:
2693:
2653:
2603:
2588:
2568:
2518:
2483:
2468:
2448:
2433:
2305:
2246:
2099:
907:
767:
738:
734:
721:
679:
647:
479:
467:
444:
191:
171:
155:
85:
42:
1984:
1443:
1160:
3141:
3101:
3022:
2925:
2728:
2668:
2638:
2618:
2558:
2523:
2508:
2493:
2463:
2408:
2333:
2144:
2124:
2114:
1168:
823:
726:
607:
578:
334:
1985:
A Theory You've Never Heard Of | Michael Robinson | TEDxUniversityofHartford
238:, identifies the three known continents as populated by descendants of Sem (
3059:
2905:
2608:
2393:
2179:
2134:
2129:
2071:
2046:
1772:
868:
849:
750:
730:
717:
698:
663:
640:
299:
215:
167:
163:
81:
2317:
1254:
Goldenberg, David (1997). "The Curse of Ham: A Case of Rabbinic Racism?".
963:
African Diasporas in the New and Old Worlds: Consciousness and Imagination
2945:
2935:
2538:
2348:
2295:
2169:
2109:
2104:
819:
746:
742:
659:
624:
616:
500:
416:
354:
319:
234:
225:
93:
611:, comprising Ancient and Modern Egyptians (but not the Arabs in Egypt),
451:
had likely originated from a common ancestral stock that evolved in the
3027:
2940:
2930:
2648:
2553:
2383:
2373:
2343:
2186:
2154:
2119:
2061:
1928:
We Wish to Inform You that Tomorrow We Will be Killed With Our Families
1283:
1237:
902:
827:
428:
287:
159:
116:
1451:
1176:
150:
Beginning in the late 19th century, scholars generally classified the
2191:
1891:
1397:
815:
463:
295:
144:
1229:
597:
of the Mediterranean, Atlantic and Sahara, Tibbu, Fula, and extinct
3088:
2910:
2290:
598:
326:
325:
A significant change in Western views on Africans came about when
53:
3121:
3084:
3064:
3051:
2880:
An Investigation of Global Policy with the Yamato Race as Nucleus
2213:
2208:
2174:
2066:
1667:
The Churches and Ethnic Ideology in the Rwandan Crises, 1900–1994
846:
black races as well as Africa, yet it has done just that thing."
620:
612:
594:
559:
542:
508:
his thesis unchanged in new editions of his book into the 1960s.
496:
381:
338:
291:
243:
183:
182:, this "Hamitic race" was superior to or more advanced than the "
112:
97:
62:
1958:
History in Black: African-Americans in Search of an Ancient Past
2280:
2094:
1973:
861:
asserted that the superior black race originated with the lost
452:
396:
to denote the languages which are now seen as belonging to the
258:
1889 ethnographic map of Africa, with "Hamites" shown in white.
670:
recorded one such account from a Wahuma governor in his book,
3126:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3096:
1490:
a summary of Sergi's book in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
628:
492:
275:
266:
originally referred to the peoples said to be descended from
1695:
1693:
799:
344:
90:
now-outdated model of dividing humanity into different races
37:
3069:
3005:
2766:
An Essay upon the Causes of the Different Colours of People
1796:
Black Power: Radical Politics and African American Identity
706:
553:
536:
307:
303:
239:
70:
1715:(1917), "The African Origin of the Grecian Civilization",
459:
349:
1690:
478:
The Hamitic hypothesis reached its apogee in the work of
1022:
An Introduction to Physical Anthropology – Third Edition
434:
2848:
The Rising Tide of Color Against White World-Supremacy
1600:
166:– thus grouping the non-Semitic populations native to
2991:
1204:
Ethiopians and East Africans: The Problem of Contacts
1831:
Race and the Writing of History: Riddling the Sphinx
1724:
1588:
314:
unrelated to the curse on Canaan, the sixth-century
925:For the model of dividing humanity into races, see
526:
2020:
1911:Journal of the Discovery of the Source of the Nile
1747:(reprint ed.), Baltimore: Black Classic Press
1532:Journal of the Discovery of the Source of the Nile
1262:
672:Journal of the Discovery of the Source of the Nile
653:
1683:Sacrifice as Terror: the Rwandan Genocide of 1994
1041:The Oxford Handbook of the History of Linguistics
341:, the ancestor of the Egyptians, was not cursed.
333:drew attention to the impressive achievements of
3139:
936:American Association of Physical Anthropologists
928:American Association of Physical Anthropologists
703:Theory of Conquest of Inferior by Superior Races
92:; this was developed by Europeans in support of
1833:, New York: Oxford University Press, p. 78
1812:The End of White World Supremacy: Four Speeches
1651:Latitude and the Fifth Degree of North Latitude
1071:
991:Afrocentrism: Mythical Pasts and Imagined Homes
209:
190:. In its most extreme form, in the writings of
353:Languages of pastoralist Bedouins such as the
2977:
2792:An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races
2006:
1798:, Johns Hopkins University Press, p. 144
1268:
1249:
1247:
794:
1870:Seligman, CG (1930), "The Races of Africa",
1612:
1376:Seligman, CG (1930), "The Races of Africa",
959:
100:. The term was originally borrowed from the
1312:. Oxford University Press. pp. 96–97.
1024:. Charles C. Thomas Publisher. p. 456.
104:, in which it refers to the descendants of
2984:
2970:
2784:Occasional Discourse on the Negro Question
2013:
1999:
1925:
1606:
1253:
1244:
1142:
1140:
1078:. University of California Press. p.
986:Also specifically for the Hamitic theory:
818:claims about the superiority of the white
139:language family, which, together with the
2808:The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century
1576:. Stanley Publishing Company. p. 722
1429:
1282:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1015:
1013:
1011:
960:Benesch, Klaus; Fabre, Geneviève (2004).
833:In response, historians published in the
204:
1654:. Hutchinson & Company. p. 486.
1646:
1618:
1544:
1542:
1409:
1407:
1375:
1305:
798:
458:
419:conducted on thousands of human skulls,
348:
253:
219:
52:
36:
1930:, New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux
1844:
1825:
1758:
1488:The list of peoples given according to
1198:
1196:
1194:
1146:
1033:
1031:
14:
3140:
2399:Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon
1955:
1851:. New York: Viking Press. p. 169.
1742:
1730:
1711:
1699:
1680:
1117:
1065:
1019:
1008:
466:woman with ovoid facial profile, from
2965:
1994:
1908:
1794:Ogbar, Jeffrey Ogbonna Green (2005),
1793:
1664:
1594:
1548:
1539:
1529:
1472:
1466:
1413:
1404:
1215:
1206:, East African Pub. House, 1974, p.8.
1037:
435:Development of the Hamitic hypothesis
1681:Taylor, Christopher Charles (1999),
1569:
1501:
1495:
1191:
1028:
987:
803:George Wells Parker, founder of the
562:man of "Eastern Hamitic type", from
228:, from the first printed version of
201:, have been discredited in science.
2951:Pre-modern conceptions of whiteness
1114:, 4th edition, 1885-90, T11, p.476.
932:"AAPA Statement on Race and Racism"
80:is the name formerly used for some
24:
1619:Seligman, Charles Gabriel (1930).
1333:
376:In the mid-19th century, the term
371:Travels in Africa, Egypt and Syria
25:
3189:
3178:Ancient Egyptian race controversy
2856:The Myth of the Twentieth Century
2776:The Outline of History of Mankind
1966:
1948:Die Geschichte des Hamiten-Mythos
1809:
1761:Journal of Asian American Studies
1072:Everett Welmers, William (1974).
27:Outdated grouping of human beings
2824:Heredity in Relation to Eugenics
1972:
1534:, Harper & bros, p. 514
709:. In spite of both groups being
581:and C. G. Seligman. In his book
552:
535:
527:Subdivisions and physical traits
1858:
1845:Du Bois, William E. B. (1947).
1838:
1819:
1803:
1787:
1752:
1736:
1705:
1674:
1658:
1640:
1563:
1523:
1482:
1422:
1369:
1360:
1351:
1342:
1299:
1209:
745:), and the Bantus (such as the
619:, Abyssinians, Galla, Danakil,
345:Constructing the "Hamitic race"
3158:Historical definitions of race
2816:Race Life of the Aryan Peoples
2022:Historical definitions of race
1743:Parker, George Wells (1978) ,
1256:Struggles in the Promised Land
1149:The Journal of African History
1103:
980:
952:
919:
57:Geographic identifications of
13:
1:
2840:The Passing of the Great Race
1936:Robinson, Michael F. (2016),
1903:, London: W Scott, p. 41
1829:(2000), Keita, Maghan (ed.),
1477:, London: W Scott, p. 41
1306:Robinson, Michael F. (2016).
913:
545:man of "Western Hamitic type"
2739:Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer
1530:Speke, John Hanning (1868),
1111:Meyers Konversations-Lexikon
958:For the Hamitic theory, see
791:of the Tutsis by the Hutus.
737:), the Nilotes (such as the
701:(Galla) of Ethiopia. In his
88:peoples in the context of a
7:
2454:Egon Freiherr von Eickstedt
2419:Houston Stewart Chamberlain
2369:Johann Friedrich Blumenbach
1926:Gourevitch, Philip (1998),
1628:. Thornton Butterworth, Ltd
1075:African Language Structures
1044:. OUP Oxford. p. 275.
886:
843:Hamitic League of the World
805:Hamitic League of the World
443:(1901), the anthropologist
392:would coin the appellation
10:
3194:
1946:Rohrbacher, Peter (2002),
1570:Boyd, James Penny (1889).
1432:Journal of African History
1218:American Historical Review
795:African-American reception
213:
29:
3083:
3046:
3004:
2898:
2757:
2549:Georges Vacher de Lapouge
2326:
2224:
2080:
2037:
2028:
1665:Gatwa, Tharcisse (2005),
1444:10.1017/s0021853700026785
1271:American Literary Realism
1161:10.1017/S0021853700009683
482:, who argued in his book
2921:History of anthropometry
2689:Charles Gabriel Seligman
2514:Frederick Ludwig Hoffman
2202:Sinodonty and Sundadonty
1899:Sergi, Giuseppe (1901),
1717:Journal of Negro History
1647:Johnston, Harry (1902).
1473:Sergi, Giuseppe (1901),
1020:Ashley, Montagu (1960).
835:Journal of Negro History
45:("Kaukasische Rasse"). (
3163:History of North Africa
2379:Daniel Garrison Brinton
1956:Shavit, Yaacov (2001),
1511:. The Macmillan Company
1502:Coon, Carleton (1939).
1428:Examples from Nigeria:
966:. Rodopi. p. 269.
764:The Uganda Protectorate
2724:Thomas Griffith Taylor
2479:Reginald Ruggles Gates
1901:The Mediterranean Race
1827:Du Bois, William E. B.
1773:10.1353/jaas.2001.0029
1475:The Mediterranean Race
994:. Verso. p. 120.
988:Howe, Stephen (1999).
807:
777:
760:
583:The Mediterranean Race
505:
475:
472:The Mediterranean Race
441:The Mediterranean Race
358:
331:1798 invasion of Egypt
259:
251:
205:History of the concept
74:
65:'s sons shown in red,
50:
2864:Annihilation of Caste
2768:in Different Climates
2719:William Graham Sumner
2699:Samuel Stanhope Smith
2644:James Cowles Prichard
2276:Racial discrimination
1552:Man, Past and Present
1414:Rigby, Peter (1996),
1038:Allan, Keith (2013).
893:Afroasiatic languages
802:
772:
755:
654:"Hamiticised Negroes"
488:
462:
352:
257:
223:
214:Further information:
154:as a subgroup of the
56:
40:
2916:Great chain of being
2634:Ludwig Hermann Plate
2599:Samuel George Morton
2414:Samuel A. Cartwright
2264:in the United States
1981:at Wikimedia Commons
1913:, London: Blackwoods
1878:(3167), London: 96,
1814:, Arcade, p. 46
1713:Parker, George Wells
1549:Keane, A.H. (1899).
1384:(3167), London: 96,
676:Augustus Henry Keane
421:Samuel George Morton
363:Age of Enlightenment
47:Meyers Blitz-Lexikon
30:For the animal, see
3148:Afroasiatic peoples
2993:Descendants of Noah
2872:The Races of Europe
2800:The Races of Europe
2579:Dominick McCausland
2529:Thomas Henry Huxley
2474:Stanley Marion Garn
2354:Robert Bennett Bean
2082:Historical concepts
1884:1930Natur.126S..53.
1810:X, Malcolm (1989),
1745:Children of the Sun
1702:, pp. 26, 193.
1622:The Races of Africa
1505:The Races of Europe
1390:1930Natur.126S..53.
898:Generations of Noah
857:"mother race". The
839:George Wells Parker
516:African Great Lakes
484:The Races of Africa
439:In his influential
278:. According to the
178:. According to the
123:was applied to the
2744:Alexander Winchell
2674:Henric Sanielevici
2534:Calvin Ira Kephart
2504:Hans F. K. GĂĽnther
2489:Arthur de Gobineau
2389:Alice Mossie Brues
2286:Racial stereotypes
1987:, 9 November 2015.
1909:Speke, JH (1863),
1685:, Berg, p. 55
1669:, OCMS, p. 65
1418:, Berg, p. 68
1284:10.1353/alr.0.0033
812:Mediterranean race
808:
695:Kingdom of Buganda
476:
449:Mediterranean race
386:Sub-Saharan Africa
359:
302:the Cushites, and
260:
252:
210:The "Curse of Ham"
188:Sub-Saharan Africa
119:. The appellation
75:
51:
3173:Prehistoric Egypt
3153:Ham (son of Noah)
3135:
3134:
2959:
2958:
2888:The Race Question
2734:John H. Van Evrie
2659:William Z. Ripley
2629:Charles Pickering
2574:Felix von Luschan
2544:Robert E. Kuttner
2444:Charles Davenport
2313:Whiteness studies
2039:Color terminology
2031:Scientific racism
1977:Media related to
1258:. pp. 21–51.
1001:978-1-85984-228-7
973:978-90-420-0870-0
930:(27 March 2019).
593:, comprising the
520:Christopher Ehret
425:Crania Aegyptiaca
384:" populations of
316:Babylonian Talmud
274:according to the
186:" populations of
176:Ancient Egyptians
73:'s sons in green.
69:'s sons in blue,
16:(Redirected from
3185:
2986:
2979:
2972:
2963:
2962:
2767:
2714:Lothrop Stoddard
2709:Morris Steggerda
2684:Ilse Schwidetzky
2679:Heinrich Schmidt
2664:Alfred Rosenberg
2624:Isaac La Peyrère
2429:Carleton S. Coon
2404:Charles Caldwell
2359:François Bernier
2242:in Latin America
2015:
2008:
2001:
1992:
1991:
1976:
1961:
1951:
1950:, Wien: Afro-Pub
1941:
1931:
1914:
1904:
1894:
1892:10.1038/126053d0
1853:
1852:
1842:
1836:
1834:
1823:
1817:
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1411:
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1398:10.1038/126053d0
1373:
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1035:
1026:
1025:
1017:
1006:
1005:
984:
978:
977:
956:
950:
949:
944:
942:
923:
873:W. E. B. Du Bois
863:tribe of Shabazz
789:Rwandan genocide
591:Northern Hamites
568:Races of Mankind
556:
539:
447:argued that the
408:branches of the
320:etiological myth
174:, including the
158:, alongside the
135:branches of the
106:Ham, son of Noah
59:Flavius Josephus
21:
3193:
3192:
3188:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3182:
3138:
3137:
3136:
3131:
3079:
3042:
3000:
2990:
2960:
2955:
2894:
2832:Castes in India
2753:
2749:Ludwig Woltmann
2704:Herbert Spencer
2594:Lewis H. Morgan
2564:Cesare Lombroso
2439:Jan Czekanowski
2424:Sonia Mary Cole
2364:Renato Biasutti
2322:
2301:Nazism and race
2220:
2197:Proto-Mongoloid
2076:
2033:
2024:
2019:
1969:
1945:
1935:
1898:
1869:
1861:
1856:
1843:
1839:
1824:
1820:
1808:
1804:
1792:
1788:
1757:
1753:
1741:
1737:
1729:
1725:
1710:
1706:
1698:
1691:
1679:
1675:
1663:
1659:
1645:
1641:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1617:
1613:
1607:Gourevitch 1998
1605:
1601:
1593:
1589:
1579:
1577:
1568:
1564:
1547:
1540:
1528:
1524:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1500:
1496:
1487:
1483:
1471:
1467:
1427:
1423:
1412:
1405:
1374:
1370:
1365:
1361:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1343:
1338:
1334:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1304:
1300:
1267:
1263:
1252:
1245:
1230:10.2307/1853423
1214:
1210:
1201:
1192:
1145:
1118:
1108:
1104:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1070:
1066:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1036:
1029:
1018:
1009:
1002:
985:
981:
974:
957:
953:
940:
938:
924:
920:
916:
889:
859:Nation of Islam
854:Elijah Muhammad
797:
674:. According to
656:
643:cranial index.
637:dolichocephalic
603:Eastern Hamites
587:Western Hamites
575:
574:
573:
572:
571:
564:Malvina Hoffman
557:
548:
547:
546:
540:
529:
437:
390:Richard Lepsius
347:
280:Book of Genesis
218:
212:
207:
102:Book of Genesis
35:
32:Hamites (genus)
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3191:
3181:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3168:Horn of Africa
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3093:
3091:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3056:
3054:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3014:
3012:
3002:
3001:
2989:
2988:
2981:
2974:
2966:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2884:
2876:
2868:
2860:
2852:
2844:
2836:
2828:
2820:
2812:
2804:
2802:(Ripley, 1899)
2796:
2788:
2780:
2772:
2761:
2759:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2694:Giuseppe Sergi
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2654:Gustaf Retzius
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2604:Josiah C. Nott
2601:
2596:
2591:
2589:Ashley Montagu
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2569:Bertil Lundman
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2519:Earnest Hooton
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2484:George Gliddon
2481:
2476:
2471:
2469:Francis Galton
2466:
2461:
2459:Anténor Firmin
2456:
2451:
2449:Joseph Deniker
2446:
2441:
2436:
2434:Georges Cuvier
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2309:
2308:
2306:Racial hygiene
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2273:
2268:
2267:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2255:
2254:
2249:
2239:
2230:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2217:
2216:
2206:
2205:
2204:
2199:
2189:
2184:
2183:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2097:
2092:
2086:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2043:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2018:
2017:
2010:
2003:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1982:
1979:Hamites (race)
1968:
1967:External links
1965:
1964:
1963:
1953:
1943:
1933:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1916:
1906:
1896:
1866:
1865:
1864:Hamitic theory
1860:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1837:
1818:
1802:
1786:
1767:(3): 193–208,
1751:
1735:
1723:
1704:
1689:
1673:
1657:
1639:
1611:
1599:
1597:, p. 247.
1587:
1562:
1538:
1522:
1494:
1481:
1465:
1421:
1416:African Images
1403:
1368:
1359:
1350:
1341:
1332:
1319:978-0199978502
1318:
1298:
1261:
1243:
1208:
1190:
1155:(4): 521–532.
1116:
1102:
1089:978-0520022102
1088:
1064:
1051:978-0199585847
1050:
1027:
1007:
1000:
979:
972:
951:
917:
915:
912:
911:
910:
905:
900:
895:
888:
885:
796:
793:
768:Harry Johnston
722:Horn of Africa
655:
652:
648:Ashley Montagu
558:
551:
550:
549:
541:
534:
533:
532:
531:
530:
528:
525:
480:C. G. Seligman
468:Giuseppe Sergi
445:Giuseppe Sergi
436:
433:
361:Following the
346:
343:
211:
208:
206:
203:
199:"race science"
192:C. G. Seligman
180:Hamitic theory
172:Horn of Africa
156:Caucasian race
86:Horn of Africa
43:Caucasian race
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3190:
3179:
3176:
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3171:
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3110:
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2964:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2926:Miscegenation
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2897:
2891:
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2762:
2760:
2756:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2729:Paul Topinard
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2669:Benjamin Rush
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2639:Alfred Ploetz
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2619:Oscar Peschel
2617:
2615:
2614:Roger Pearson
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2584:John Mitchell
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2559:Carl Linnaeus
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2524:Julian Huxley
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2509:Ernst Haeckel
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2494:Madison Grant
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2464:Eugen Fischer
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2409:Petrus Camper
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
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2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2334:Louis Agassiz
2332:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
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2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
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2260:
2257:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
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2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2210:
2207:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2165:Mediterranean
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2102:
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2098:
2096:
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2087:
2085:
2083:
2079:
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2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2027:
2023:
2016:
2011:
2009:
2004:
2002:
1997:
1996:
1993:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1975:
1971:
1970:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1918:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
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1850:
1849:
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1813:
1806:
1797:
1790:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1755:
1746:
1739:
1733:, p. 41.
1732:
1727:
1718:
1714:
1708:
1701:
1696:
1694:
1684:
1677:
1668:
1661:
1653:
1652:
1643:
1624:
1623:
1615:
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1603:
1596:
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1566:
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1554:
1553:
1545:
1543:
1533:
1526:
1507:
1506:
1498:
1491:
1485:
1476:
1469:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1438:(3): 427–55.
1437:
1433:
1425:
1417:
1410:
1408:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1372:
1363:
1354:
1345:
1336:
1321:
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1294:
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1276:
1272:
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1257:
1250:
1248:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1212:
1205:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1113:
1112:
1106:
1091:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1068:
1053:
1047:
1043:
1042:
1034:
1032:
1023:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1003:
997:
993:
992:
983:
975:
969:
965:
964:
955:
948:
937:
933:
929:
922:
918:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
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891:
890:
884:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
864:
860:
855:
851:
847:
844:
840:
836:
831:
829:
825:
824:Madison Grant
821:
817:
813:
806:
801:
792:
790:
786:
782:
776:
771:
769:
765:
759:
754:
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748:
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736:
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728:
723:
719:
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712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
691:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
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661:
651:
649:
646:According to
644:
642:
638:
632:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
609:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
579:Carleton Coon
569:
565:
561:
555:
544:
538:
524:
521:
517:
512:
509:
504:
502:
498:
494:
487:
486:(1930) that:
485:
481:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
454:
450:
446:
442:
432:
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399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
374:
372:
368:
364:
356:
351:
342:
340:
336:
335:Ancient Egypt
332:
328:
323:
321:
317:
311:
309:
305:
301:
297:
294:fathered the
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
270:, one of the
269:
265:
256:
249:
245:
241:
237:
236:
231:
227:
222:
217:
202:
200:
195:
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185:
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177:
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138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
109:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
72:
68:
64:
61:, c. 100 AD;
60:
55:
48:
44:
39:
33:
19:
2906:Ethnogenesis
2887:
2879:
2874:(Coon, 1939)
2871:
2863:
2855:
2847:
2839:
2831:
2823:
2815:
2807:
2799:
2791:
2783:
2775:
2765:
2758:Publications
2609:Karl Pearson
2499:John Grattan
2394:Halfdan Bryn
2259:in Singapore
2226:Sociological
2149:
1957:
1947:
1937:
1927:
1910:
1900:
1875:
1871:
1859:Bibliography
1847:
1840:
1830:
1821:
1811:
1805:
1795:
1789:
1764:
1760:
1754:
1744:
1738:
1726:
1716:
1707:
1682:
1676:
1666:
1660:
1649:
1642:
1630:. Retrieved
1621:
1614:
1602:
1590:
1578:. Retrieved
1572:
1565:
1551:
1531:
1525:
1513:. Retrieved
1504:
1497:
1484:
1474:
1468:
1435:
1431:
1424:
1415:
1381:
1377:
1371:
1362:
1353:
1344:
1335:
1323:. Retrieved
1308:
1301:
1274:
1270:
1264:
1255:
1224:(1): 15–43,
1221:
1217:
1211:
1203:
1152:
1148:
1109:
1105:
1093:. Retrieved
1074:
1067:
1055:. Retrieved
1040:
1021:
990:
982:
962:
954:
946:
939:. Retrieved
935:
921:
867:
850:Timothy Drew
848:
834:
832:
809:
804:
778:
773:
763:
762:In his work
761:
756:
718:North Africa
715:
702:
692:
688:Bantu speech
684:R. W. Felkin
671:
657:
645:
641:mesocephalic
633:
606:
602:
590:
586:
582:
576:
567:
513:
510:
506:
489:
483:
477:
471:
440:
438:
424:
414:
393:
377:
375:
370:
367:W. G. Browne
360:
324:
312:
272:Sons of Noah
263:
261:
246:) and Cham (
233:
216:Curse of Ham
196:
179:
168:North Africa
152:Hamitic race
151:
149:
145:monophyletic
120:
110:
77:
76:
46:
2946:Pre-Adamite
2936:Multiracial
2539:Robert Knox
2349:John Beddoe
2296:Master race
2252:in Colombia
2140:East Baltic
1960:, Routledge
1731:Shavit 2001
1700:Shavit 2001
1325:19 February
877:Livingstone
869:Afrocentric
820:Nordic race
666:. Explorer
601:), and the
417:craniometry
410:Afroasiatic
242:), Iafeth (
235:Etymologiae
226:T and O map
137:Afroasiatic
94:colonialism
3142:Categories
3028:Arpachshad
2941:Polygenism
2931:Monogenism
2649:Otto Reche
2554:Fritz Lenz
2384:Paul Broca
2374:Franz Boas
2344:Erwin Baur
2339:John Baker
2233:By region
2090:Australoid
1595:Speke 1863
1555:. p.
1202:Ehret, C,
1095:1 December
1057:1 December
914:References
903:Japhetites
828:Aryan race
668:J.H. Speke
429:polygenism
288:Canaanites
160:Aryan race
117:Japhetites
2318:NĂ©gritude
2247:in Brazil
2192:Mongoloid
2100:Caucasoid
1781:145051546
1460:162548206
1293:162193875
1185:162920355
1169:1469-5138
816:Nordicist
623:, Masai,
608:Ethiopids
296:Egyptians
262:The term
3089:Japhetic
2911:Eugenics
2291:Colorism
2237:in India
2145:Ethiopid
2125:Atlantid
2115:Armenoid
1940:, Oxford
1719:: 334–44
1277:(1): 3,
887:See also
720:and the
599:Guanches
518:region,
495:and the
464:Egyptian
412:family.
406:Egyptian
402:Cushitic
369:, whose
327:Napoleon
290:, while
170:and the
162:and the
133:Egyptian
129:Cushitic
82:Northern
3122:Meshech
3085:Japheth
3065:Mizraim
3052:Hamitic
3010:Semitic
2997:Genesis
2899:Related
2327:Writers
2271:Passing
2214:Negrito
2209:Negroid
2180:Turanid
2175:Semites
2150:Hamites
2135:Dinaric
2130:Caspian
1880:Bibcode
1632:27 July
1580:10 July
1515:27 July
1386:Bibcode
1238:1853423
941:19 June
908:Semites
881:Stanley
785:Belgian
766:(1902,
739:Shilluk
735:Turkana
621:Somalis
613:Nubians
595:Berbers
497:Bushmen
474:(1901).
394:Hamitic
382:Negroid
378:Hamitic
339:Mizraim
308:Libyans
292:Mizraim
264:Hamitic
244:Japheth
230:Isidore
184:Negroid
164:Semitic
141:Semitic
121:Hamitic
113:Semites
98:slavery
78:Hamites
63:Japheth
18:Hamitic
3075:Canaan
2890:(1950)
2882:(1943)
2866:(1936)
2858:(1930)
2850:(1920)
2842:(1916)
2834:(1916)
2826:(1911)
2818:(1907)
2810:(1899)
2794:(1855)
2786:(1849)
2778:(1785)
2770:(1744)
2281:Racism
2170:Nordic
2160:Iranid
2110:Arabid
2105:Alpine
2095:Capoid
2052:Bronze
1872:Nature
1779:
1458:
1452:182643
1450:
1378:Nature
1316:
1291:
1236:
1183:
1177:179896
1175:
1167:
1086:
1048:
998:
970:
781:German
727:Maasai
664:Bantus
629:Watusi
625:Bahima
570:(1929)
560:Somali
543:Berber
453:Sahara
398:Berber
284:Canaan
131:, and
125:Berber
3127:Tiras
3117:Tubal
3112:Javan
3107:Madai
3102:Magog
3097:Gomer
3023:Ashur
2187:Malay
2155:Indid
2120:Aryan
2072:White
2062:Olive
2057:Brown
2047:Black
1920:Other
1777:S2CID
1626:(PDF)
1509:(PDF)
1456:S2CID
1448:JSTOR
1289:S2CID
1234:JSTOR
1181:S2CID
1173:JSTOR
751:Tutsi
731:Nandi
711:Bantu
699:Oromo
680:Oromo
493:Negro
276:Bible
224:This
3087:and
3070:Phut
3060:Cush
3050:and
3038:Aram
3018:Elam
3008:and
3006:Shem
1634:2016
1582:2016
1517:2016
1327:2017
1314:ISBN
1165:ISSN
1097:2016
1084:ISBN
1059:2016
1046:ISBN
996:ISBN
968:ISBN
943:2020
852:and
783:and
749:and
747:Hima
743:Nuer
741:and
733:and
707:Hutu
660:Hima
627:and
617:Beja
605:(or
589:(or
501:Beja
404:and
355:Beja
306:the
304:Phut
300:Cush
240:Shem
115:and
96:and
84:and
71:Shem
3048:Ham
3033:Lud
2995:in
2067:Red
1888:doi
1876:126
1769:doi
1440:doi
1394:doi
1382:126
1279:doi
1226:doi
1157:doi
690:".
639:to
631:).
566:'s
470:'s
329:'s
268:Ham
248:Ham
232:'s
67:Ham
3144::
2999:10
1886:,
1874:,
1775:,
1763:,
1692:^
1557:90
1541:^
1454:.
1446:.
1436:35
1434:.
1406:^
1392:,
1380:,
1287:,
1275:42
1273:,
1246:^
1232:,
1222:85
1220:,
1193:^
1179:.
1171:.
1163:.
1153:10
1151:.
1119:^
1082:.
1080:16
1030:^
1010:^
945:.
934:.
879:,
729:,
615:,
431:.
400:,
388:.
310:.
298:,
250:).
127:,
108:.
49:).
2985:e
2978:t
2971:v
2014:e
2007:t
2000:v
1962:.
1952:.
1942:.
1932:.
1915:.
1905:.
1895:.
1890::
1882::
1835:.
1816:.
1800:.
1784:.
1771::
1765:4
1749:.
1721:.
1687:.
1671:.
1636:.
1609:.
1584:.
1559:.
1536:.
1519:.
1492:.
1479:.
1462:.
1442::
1401:.
1396::
1388::
1329:.
1296:.
1281::
1241:.
1228::
1187:.
1159::
1099:.
1061:.
1004:.
976:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
