1254:, Seymour Phillips writes: "All the good people of the realm, great and small, rich and poor, regarded Despenser as a traitor and a robber; for which he was sentenced to be hanged. As a traitor he was to be drawn and quartered and the quarters distributed around the kingdom; as an outlaw he was to be beheaded; and for procuring discord between the king and the queen and other people of the kingdom he was sentenced to be disembowelled and his entrails burned; finally he was declared to be a traitor, tyrant and renegade." In Professor Robert Kastenbaum's opinion the disfigurement of Despenser's corpse (presuming that his disembowelment was post-mortem) may have served as a reminder to the crowd that the authorities did not tolerate dissent. He speculates that the reasoning behind such bloody displays may have been to assuage the crowd's anger, to remove any human characteristics from the corpse, to rob the criminal's family of any opportunity to hold a meaningful funeral, or even to release any evil spirits contained within. The practice of disembowelling the body may have originated in the medieval belief that treasonable thoughts were housed there, requiring that the convict's entrails be "purged by fire".
932:
and, at seven minutes before nine o'clock the signal being given, the platform dropped, and they were all launched into eternity. From the precaution taken by the
Colonel, he appeared to suffer very little, neither did the others struggle much, except Broughton, who had been the most indecently profane of the whole. Wood, the soldier, died very hard. The Executioners went under, and kept pulling them by the feet. Several drops of blood fell from the fingers of Macnamara and Wood, during the time they were suspended. After hanging thirty-seven minutes, the Colonel's body was cut down, at half an hour past nine o'clock, and being stripped of his coat and waistcoat, it was laid upon saw-dust, with the head reclined upon a block. A surgeon then in attempting to sever the head from the body by a common dissecting knife, missed the particular joint aimed at, when he kept haggling it, till the executioner was obliged to take the head between his hands, and to twist it several times round, when it was with difficulty severed from the body. It was then held up by the executioner, who exclaimed—"
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33:
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545:, was executed on 17 May 1521 for the crime of treason. The wording of his sentence has survived and indicates the precision with which the method of execution was described; he was to be "laid on a hurdle and so drawn to the place of execution, and there to be hanged, cut down alive, your members to be cut off and cast in the fire, your bowels burnt before you, your head smitten off, and your body quartered and divided at the King's will, and God have mercy on your soul."
4180:
1211:"And because that many other like cases of treason may happen in time to come, which a man cannot think nor declare at this present time; it is accorded, that if any other case supposed treason, which is not above specified, doth happen before any justice, the justice shall tarry without going to judgement of treason, till the cause be shewed and declared before the king and his parliament, whether it ought to be judged treason or other felony."
462:
might undermine the state, retribution was considered an absolute necessity and the crime deserving of the ultimate punishment. The practical difference between the two offences was therefore in the consequence of being convicted; rather than being drawn and hanged, men were to be hanged, drawn, and quartered, while for reasons of public decency (their anatomy being considered inappropriate for the sentence), women were instead drawn and burned.
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835:: "the right arm with a ring on the finger in York; the left arm in Bristol; the right leg and hip at Northampton; the left at Hereford. But the villain's head was bound with iron, lest it should fall to pieces from putrefaction, and set conspicuously upon a long spear-shaft for the mockery of London." After the execution in 1660 of several of the regicides involved in the death of
442:'s justices had offered somewhat overzealous interpretations of what activities constituted treason, "calling felonies treasons and afforcing indictments by talk of accroachment of the royal power", prompting parliamentary demands to clarify the law. Edward therefore introduced the Treason Act 1351. It was enacted at a time in English history when a monarch's
760:'s religious supremacy before they were themselves executed. Normally stripped to the shirt with their arms bound in front of them, prisoners were then hanged for a short period, either from a ladder or cart. On the sheriff's orders the cart would be taken away (or if a ladder, turned), leaving the man suspended in mid-air. The aim was usually to cause
143:'s authority, high treason was considered a deplorable act demanding the most extreme form of punishment. Although some convicts had their sentences modified and suffered a less ignominious end, over a period of several hundred years many men found guilty of high treason were subjected to the law's ultimate sanction. They included many
1044:. Its report recommended that for "rebellion, assassination or other violence ...we are of opinion that the extreme penalty must remain", although the most recent occasion (and ultimately, the last) on which anyone had been sentenced to be hanged, drawn, and quartered was in November 1839, following the
1236:
Harrison's sentence was "That you be led to the place from whence you came, and from thence be drawn upon a hurdle to the place of execution, and then you shall be hanged by the neck and, being alive, shall be cut down, and your privy members to be cut off, and your entrails be taken out of your body
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and, you living, the same to be burnt before your eyes, and your head to be cut off, your body to be divided into four-quarters, and head and quarters to be disposed of at the pleasure of the King's majesty. And the Lord have mercy on your soul." His head adorned the sledge that drew fellow regicide
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of a felon's lands and goods (thereby not making paupers of his family). The Act limited the penalty for treason to hanging alone, although it did not remove the monarch's right under the 1814 Act to replace hanging with beheading. Beheading was abolished in 1973, although it had long been obsolete;
870:
emphasised the ominous nature of their presence when he wrote "near the end of the bridge, on the suburb side, were stuck up the heads of thirty gentlemen of high standing who had been beheaded on account of treason and secret practices against the Queen." The practice of using London Bridge in this
723:
to "confess his treason", but when
Gennings responded "if to say Mass be treason, I confess to have done it and glory in it", Topcliffe ordered him to be quiet and instructed the hangman to push him off the ladder. Sometimes the witness responsible for the condemned man's execution was also present.
707:
After the king's commission had been read aloud, the crowd was normally asked to move back from the scaffold before being addressed by the convict. While these speeches were mostly an admission of guilt (although few admitted treason), still they were carefully monitored by the sheriff and chaplain,
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to his place of execution. There he was hanged for "killing
English noblemen" until losing consciousness, then revived, disembowelled, and made to watch as his entrails burned before him for "sacrilege in committing his crimes in the week of Christ's passion" (Easter). Finally, Dafydd's body was cut
732:
priests suffered badly at the hands of their captors but were frequently the most defiant; conversely, those of a higher station were often the most apologetic. Such contrition may have arisen from the sheer terror felt by those who thought they might be disembowelled rather than simply beheaded as
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told the commission that executions had "become so demoralizing that, instead of its having a good effect, it has a tendency rather to brutalize the public mind than to deter the criminal class from committing crime". The commission recommended that executions should be performed privately, behind
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This energetic, but inflammatory appeal, was followed by such enthusiastic plaudits, that the
Sheriff hinted to the Clergyman to withdraw, and forbade Colonel Despard to proceed. The cap was then drawn over their eyes, during which the Colonel was observed again to fix the knot under his left ear,
461:
was the most egregious offence an individual could commit. Attempts to undermine the king's authority were viewed with as much seriousness as if the accused had attacked him personally, which itself would be an assault on his status as sovereign and a direct threat to his right to govern. As this
994:
proposed to change the sentence for men guilty of treason to being hanged until dead and the body left at the king's disposal. However, when it was pointed out that this would be a less severe punishment than that given for murder, he agreed that the corpse should also be decapitated, "as a fit
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were beheaded with an axe. The local miner appointed to the task of beheading them was inexperienced though, and having failed with the first two blows, completed his job with a knife. As he held the first head up and made the customary announcement, the crowd reacted with horror and fled. A
704:(1558–1602) once managed to convince a young man at the gallows that he had been forgiven, enabling the youth to go to his death "with tears of joy in his eyes ... as if he actually saw himself delivered from the hell which he feared before, and heaven opened for receiving his soul."
1201:
Women were considered the legal property of their husbands, and so a woman convicted of killing her husband was guilty not of murder, but petty treason. For disrupting the social order a degree of retribution was therefore required; hanging was considered insufficient for such a heinous
1016:
were hanged and beheaded at
Newgate Prison. Although the beheading was performed by a surgeon, following the usual proclamation the crowd was angry enough to force the executioners to find safety behind the prison walls. The plot was the last crime for which the sentence was applied.
609:
s definitions of draw is "to draw out the viscera or intestines of; to disembowel (a fowl, etc. before cooking, a traitor or other criminal after hanging)", but this is followed by "in many cases of executions it is uncertain whether this, or , is meant. The presumption is that where
638:, it is to be referred to as the disembowelling of the traitor." Sharma is not the only historian to support this viewpoint as the phrase, "hanged until dead before being drawn and quartered", occurs in a number of relevant secondary publications. The historian and author
556:, and were generally presumed guilty from the outset. This meant that for centuries anyone accused of treason was at a severe legal disadvantage, a situation that lasted until the late 17th century, when several years of politically motivated treason charges made against
989:
was responsible for an increase in crime. When appointed the MP for
Queensborough in 1806 he resolved to improve what he described as "Our sanguinary and barbarous penal code, written in blood". He managed to repeal the death penalty for certain thefts and vagrancy, and
801:'s executioner removed his bowels piece by piece, through a small hole in his belly, "the which device taking no good success, he mangled his breast with a butcher's axe to the very chine most pitifully." At his execution in January 1606 for his involvement in the
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they would normally expect, and any apparent acceptance of their fate may have stemmed from the belief that a serious, but not treasonable act, had been committed. Good behaviour at the gallows may also have been due to a convict's desire for his heirs not to be
1067:
prison walls and away from the public's view, "under such regulations as may be considered necessary to prevent abuse, and to satisfy the public that the law has been complied with." The practice of executing murderers in public was ended two years later by the
1163:
Rex eum, quasi regiae majestatis (occisorem), membratim laniatum equis apud
Coventre, exemplum terribile et spectaculum comentabile praebere (iussit) omnibus audentibus talia machinari. Primo enim distractus, postea decollatus et corpus in tres partes divisum
927:, they were first placed on sledges attached to horses, and ritually pulled in circuits around the gaol yards. Their execution was attended by an audience of about 20,000. A contemporary report describes the scene after Despard had made his speech:
952:
At the burnings of
Isabella Condon in 1779 and Phoebe Harris in 1786, the sheriffs present inflated their expenses; in the opinion of Simon Devereaux they were probably dismayed at being forced to attend such spectacles. Harris's fate prompted
875:. His quarters were given to his relatives, who promptly arranged a "grand" funeral; this incensed the coroner so much that he ordered the body to be dug up and set upon the city gates. Staley's was the last head to be placed on London Bridge.
240:. His account records in detail how the would-be assassin was executed: "dragged asunder, then beheaded, and his body divided into three parts; each part was then dragged through one of the principal cities of England, and was afterwards
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was reportedly barely alive by the time he reached the gallows in 1587. Others found themselves admonished by "zealous and godly men"; it became customary for a preacher to follow the condemned, asking them to repent. According to
790:, after being hanged for several minutes and then cut open in October 1660, was reported to have leaned across and hit his executioner—resulting in the swift removal of his head. His entrails were thrown onto a nearby fire.
728:. Munday supported the sheriff, who had reminded the priest of his confession when he protested his innocence. The sentiments expressed in such speeches may be related to the conditions encountered during imprisonment. Many
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was indisputable and was therefore written principally to protect the throne and sovereign. The new law offered a narrower definition of treason than had existed before and split the old feudal offence into two classes.
170:, during a long period of 19th-century legal reform the sentence of hanging, drawing, and quartering was changed to drawing, hanging until dead, and posthumous beheading and quartering, before being abolished in England
969:, a counterfeiter, was impugned in Parliament by Sir Benjamin Hammett. He called it one of "the savage remains of Norman policy". Amidst a growing tide of public disgust at the burning of women, Parliament passed the
642:
disagrees. In an essay published on his website, he writes that the separate mention of evisceration is a relatively modern device, and that while it certainly took place on many occasions, the presumption that
712:'s address to the crowd was considered so inappropriate that he was gagged almost to the point of suffocation. Questions on matters of allegiance and politics were sometimes put to the prisoner, as happened to
511:
The Act did not limit the king's authority in defining the scope of treason. It contained a proviso giving
English judges discretion to extend that scope whenever required, a process more commonly known as
564:. This allowed a defendant counsel, witnesses, a copy of the indictment, and a jury, and when not charged with an attempt on the monarch's life, to be prosecuted within three years of the alleged offence.
1258:'s "treasonous thoughts had originated in his 'heart, bowels, and entrails'", and so were to be "extracted and burnt to ashes, which would then be dispersed", as had happened with William Wallace and
225:
were punished in a variety of ways, often including drawing and hanging. Throughout the 13th century, more severe penalties were recorded, such as disembowelling, burning, beheading, and quartering.
915:, being the last person to be executed with this method. Pieces of his corpse were fought over by members of the 20,000-strong crowd there, some making trophies of his limbs and fingers. In 1803
438:. Treason was based on an allegiance to the sovereign from all subjects aged 14 or over, and it remained for the king and his judges to determine whether that allegiance had been broken.
843:
remarked: "I saw not their execution, but met their quarters, mangled, and cut, and reeking, as they were brought from the gallows in baskets on the hurdle." Such remains were typically
451:
referred to the killing of a master (or lord) by his servant, a husband by his wife, or a prelate by his clergyman. Men guilty of petty treason were drawn and hanged, whereas women were
62:
in medieval and early modern
Britain and Ireland. The convicted traitor was fastened to a hurdle, or wooden panel, and drawn behind a horse to the place of execution, where he was then
3625:
520:, but the only documented incident of an individual there being hanged, drawn, and quartered was that of Joshua Tefft, an English colonist accused of having fought on the side of the
2992:
907:
were executed, but by then the executioner possessed some discretion as to how much they should suffer and thus they were killed before their bodies were eviscerated. The French spy
866:
wrote that "in London there were many heads on the bridge ... I have seen there, as if they were masts of ships, and at the top of them, quarters of men's corpses." In 1602 the
1075:, but this did not apply to traitors. An amendment to abolish capital punishment completely, suggested before the bill's third reading, failed by 127 votes to 23.
548:
The original 1351 Act required only one witness to convict a person of treason, although in 1547 this was increased to two. Suspects were first questioned in private by the
2946:
891:, was hanged, drawn, and quartered at Tyburn in July 1681. His executioner was bribed so that Plunkett's body parts were saved from the fire; the head is now displayed at
1192:. As Patrick Wormald wrote, "if anyone plots against the king's life ... , he is liable for his life and all that he owns ... or to clear himself by the king's wergeld."
86:, to serve as a warning of the fate of traitors. The punishment was only ever applied to men; for reasons of public decency, women convicted of high treason were instead
4624:
1007:. As with Edward Despard and his confederates the three were drawn to the scaffold on sledges before being hanged for about an hour, and then on the insistence of the
647:
means to disembowel is spurious. Instead, drawing (as a method of transportation) may be mentioned after hanging because it was a supplementary part of the execution.
911:
was hanged in 1781 for almost an hour before his heart was cut out and burned, and the following year David Tyrie was hanged, decapitated, and then quartered at
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A liuely Representation of the manner how his late Majesty was beheaded uppon the Scaffold Ian 30: 1648; A representation of the execution of the King's Judges.
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this journey may have been made tied directly to the back of a horse, but it subsequently became customary for the victim to be fastened instead to a wicker
783:
A victim still conscious at that point might have seen his entrails burned, before the body was decapitated and quartered (chopped into four pieces). The
1367:
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developed into a fierce civil war among American factions, there are recorded cases of both sides resorting to hanging, drawing, and quartering – both
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was reported to have prayed while being disembowelled in 1535, and in his final moments to have cried "Good Jesu, what will you do with my heart?"
1033:
862:, for centuries the route by which many travellers from the south entered the city. Several eminent commentators remarked on the displays. In 1566
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is shown awaiting his execution. In the bottom pane, one regicide is hanged and another quartered, while the latter's head is shown to the crowd.
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and displayed as a gruesome reminder of the penalty for high treason, usually wherever the traitor had conspired or found support. Salt and
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1055:. The report highlighted the changing public mood toward public executions (brought about in part by the growing prosperity created by the
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On de Marisco, Paris states "postea decollatus et corpus in tres partes divisum est" (Once beheaded his body is divided into three parts).
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1309:
Forster's first attempt passed through both Houses of Parliament without obstruction, but was dropped following a change of government.
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The condemned were occasionally forced to watch as other traitors, sometimes their confederates, were executed before them. The priest
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985:, Romilly had long argued that punitive laws should serve to reform criminal behaviour and that far from acting as a deterrent, the
683:'s reign bystanders were vocal in their support: while in transit, convicts sometimes suffered directly at the hands of the crowd.
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to discuss Dafydd's fate. On 30 September, it was decided Dafydd would be executed for what from that time onward would be termed
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Once sentenced, malefactors were usually held in prison for a few days before being taken to the place of execution. During the
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into quarters "for plotting the king's death," and the parts were sent to different regions of Edward's realm: the right arm to
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in 1684 shows the executioner making vertical cuts through the spine and removing the legs at the hip. The distribution of
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to sponsor a bill which if passed would have abolished the practice, but as one of its proposals would have allowed the
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768:'s death in 1582 being hastened by a group of men pulling on his legs. Conversely, some, such as the deeply unpopular
369:, where he was hanged and beheaded. His entrails were then burned and his corpse quartered, while his head was set on
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and Lord of Snowdon. Following the capture of Dafydd ap Gruffydd, Edward proclaimed that the "treacherous lineage" (
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manner ended following the hanging, drawing, and quartering in 1678 of William Staley, a victim of the fictitious
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No records exist to demonstrate exactly how the corpse was quartered, although an engraving of the quartering of
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Reformation of England's capital punishment laws continued throughout the 19th century, as politicians such as
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violating the king's wife, his eldest daughter if she was unmarried, or the wife of his eldest son and heir;
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to his execution, before being displayed in Westminster Hall; his quarters were fastened to the city gates.
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3626:"A Traitor's Death? The identity of a drawn, hanged and quartered man from Hulton Abbey, Staffordshire"
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434:'s reign, happened when acts of treason in England, and their punishments, were not clearly defined in
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37:
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1485:
1032:, which removed the distinction between crimes formerly considered as petty treason, and murder. The
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Smith, Lacey B. (October 1954), "English Treason Trials and Confessions in the Sixteenth Century",
936:" The same ceremony followed with the others respectively; and the whole concluded by ten o'clock.
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adhering to the king's enemies in his realm, giving them aid and comfort in his realm or elsewhere;
1300:'s executioner botched the job and she perished in the flames, the last woman in England to do so.
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Although women were usually burned only after they had first been strangled to death, in 1726
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different reaction was seen in 1820, when amidst more social unrest five men involved in the
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528:. He was executed in January 1676. Later sentences resulted either in a pardon or a hanging.
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248:, an outlaw who some years earlier had killed a man under royal protection before fleeing to
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32:
973:, which for women guilty of treason substituted hanging for burning. It was followed by the
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Executioners were often inexperienced and proceedings did not always run smoothly. In 1584,
82:. His remains would then often be displayed in prominent places across the country, such as
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The right to the assistance of counsel: a reference guide to the United States Constitution
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were sentenced to be hanged, drawn, and quartered. Before they were hanged and beheaded at
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The use of the word "drawn", as in "to draw", has caused a degree of confusion. One of the
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finding reasons to construe their opponents as being "traitors" deserving of such a fate.
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The Making of English Law: King Alfred to the Twelfth Century, Legislation and Its Limits
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3412:, vol. 9, International Association for the History of Crime and Criminal Justice,
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The ... part of the institutes of the laws of England; or, a commentary upon Littleton
1024:, sought to remove from the statute books many of the capital offences that remained.
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On 3 October, Dafydd was attached to a horse's tail and drawn through the streets of
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burned, his body quartered, and the parts distributed to cities across the country.
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Hanging in the balance: a history of the abolition of capital punishment in Britain
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compassing or imagining the death of the king, his wife or his eldest son and heir;
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1796:"Local Historian Examines the Execution of Joshua Tefft at Smith's Castle in 1676"
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756:'s execution in 1588, in an effort to elicit their co-operation and acceptance of
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was whipped, attacked and had rotten food and waste thrown at him, and the priest
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The spiked heads of executed criminals once adorned the gatehouse of the medieval
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recommended that there be no change to treason law, quoting the "more merciful"
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from the 15th century onward; William Overy was hanged, drawn and quartered by
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772:(d. 1591), were cut down instantly and taken to be disembowelled and normally
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Tudor constitutional documents, A.D. 1485–1603: with an historical commentary
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3376:
3331:
3277:
3208:
2787:
2650:
1595:
1348:
1132:
948:, one of the last men in England sentenced to be hanged, drawn, and quartered
859:
761:
717:
693:
655:
448:
443:
370:
362:
229:
196:
83:
79:
3839:
4343:
4215:
4064:
Men of blood: violence, manliness and criminal justice in Victorian England
3698:
3335:
3099:
The American Revolution: Explorations in the History of American Radicalism
1929:(2 ed.), Oxford University Press, hosted at dictionary.oed.com, 1989,
940:
920:
852:
798:
552:
before they were publicly tried. They were allowed no witnesses or defence
403:
314:
249:
167:
75:
67:
3919:
The Speeches of Sir Samuel Romilly in the House of Commons: in two volumes
1028:'s drive to ameliorate law enforcement saw petty treason abolished by the
764:
and near-death, although some victims were killed prematurely, the priest
128:
was among the most notable Irishmen to suffer this punishment, in 1581 in
4572:
4412:
4387:
4377:
4338:
3610:, vol. 3, Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press,
3466:
3390:
1212:
1025:
986:
872:
840:
777:
773:
734:
597:
thought that this was probably to " for the hangman a yet living body".
572:"John Munday" redirects here. For the English composer and organist, see
335:
253:
109:(1216–1272). The same punishment applied to traitors against the king in
724:
A government spy, John Munday, was in 1582 present for the execution of
465:
The Act declared that a person had committed high treason if they were:
288:
The first recorded example of the punishment in its entirety was during
4536:
4500:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4474:
4184:
3896:
The Jacobite wars: Scotland and the military campaigns of 1715 and 1745
3449:
The police power: patriarchy and the foundations of American government
3072:
An Uncivil War: The Southern Backcountry During the American Revolution
1004:
912:
900:
806:
435:
322:
309:
232:
described how in 1238 "a certain man at arms, a man of some education (
105:(1327–1377), although similar rituals are recorded during the reign of
4594:
4567:
4469:
4259:
1224:
1189:
844:
241:
94:
4179:
3810:
The politics of regicide in England, 1760–1850: Troublesome subjects
851:
seed would be added during the boiling process: the salt to prevent
252:. De Marisco was captured in 1242 and on Henry's order dragged from
4599:
4511:
1045:
382:
339:
265:
3286:, vol. 2 (18th London ed.), New York: Collins and Hannay
4521:
4516:
4464:
4459:
4348:
4306:
2941:
1078:
Hanging, drawing, and quartering was abolished in England by the
780:, to "show his issue was disinherited with corruption of blood."
697:
553:
331:
222:
129:
110:
52:
3992:(second ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Archive
296:
in 1283 after he turned against the king and proclaimed himself
1284:
729:
590:
261:
63:
3429:
The Big Book of Pain: Torture & Punishment Through History
1596:"Despenser, Hugh, the younger, first Lord Despenser (d. 1326)"
708:
who were occasionally forced to act; in 1588, Catholic priest
4562:
4226:
3255:(Reprinted ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
1924:
1368:"1581 – The Wexford Martyrs were hanged, drawn and quartered"
995:
punishment and appropriate stigma." This is what happened to
848:
507:
or one of the king's Justices while performing their offices.
476:
305:
3549:
The Hanging Tree: Execution and the English People 1770–1868
1095:
in 1747. The death penalty for treason was abolished by the
855:, and the cumin seed to prevent birds pecking at the flesh.
626:(meaning facetiously, of a person, completely disposed of),
361:, was punished in a similar manner. He was forced to wear a
4020:
Going down hill: legacies of the American Revolutionary War
3572:
Matthew Paris's English history: From the year 1235 to 1273
1040:, which limited the punishment for most treasonous acts to
327:
4625:
Resolutions concerning death penalty at the United Nations
3043:
Tories: Fighting for the King in America's First Civil War
2194:, vol. 1 (online ed.), Oxford University Press,
622:
arrived at the same conclusion: "Where, as in the popular
308:) were now his prisoners. Edward summoned a parliament at
1276:
342:. The head was bound with iron and set on a spear at the
3314:
Crime and Punishment in England: an introductory history
2456:(15th ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 318
2397:
3970:
Qualities of mercy: Justice, Punishment, and Discretion
3751:
Death comes to the maiden: sex and execution, 1431–1933
809:
managed to break his neck by jumping from the gallows.
593:, or wooden panel, itself tied to the horse. Historian
4081:
Windlesham, Baron David James George Hennessy (2001),
3856:
The History of English Law Before the Time of Edward I
3604:"On our way: the final passage through life and death"
3252:
The Law of Treason in England in the Later Middle Ages
166:
defining high treason remains on the United Kingdom's
4168:
3966:"The Decline of Public Physical Punishment in London"
3859:(Second ed.), New Jersey: The Lawbook Exchange,
3832:
Unpublished documents relating to the English martyrs
3389:
3017:
Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1973 (c. 39), Sch. 1 Pt. V.
1781:
3708:
English local prisons, 1860–1900: next only to death
3583:
The new wonderful museum, and extraordinary magazine
934:
Behold the head of EDWARD MARCUS DESPARD, a Traitor!
3767:
3194:, Chichester, West Sussex: Summersdale Publishers,
2379:
1971:Hirsch, Richard S. M. (Spring 1986), "The Works of
1091:the last person on British soil to be beheaded was
3069:
3040:
2013:, Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, p. 204
1559:"Harclay, Andrew, Earl of Carlisle (c. 1270–1323)"
1349:"Travels of Sir William Brereton in Ireland, 1635"
999:, leader of a 100-strong contingent of men in the
3268:
3076:. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press.
2604:. London: Little, Brown Book Group. p. 288.
2217:
2215:
2044:
1733:
1476:
1223:For an explanation of "corruption of blood", see
4647:
4089:, vol. 4, Oxford: Oxford University Press,
3579:
3530:Discipline & Punish: The Birth of the Prison
3385:, Unicorn in Pauls-Church-yard: William Roybould
2686:
1436:
1434:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1099:, enabling the UK to ratify protocol six of the
1034:Royal Commission on Capital Punishment 1864–1866
414:was enacted. It defined in law what constituted
186:
3845:
3793:, New Haven and London: Yale University Press,
3658:The art of Matthew Paris in the Chronica majora
3393:; Littleton, Thomas; Hargrave, Francis (1817),
3290:
3280:; Hovenden, John Eykyn; Ryland, Archer (1832),
2923:
2830:
2746:
1910:
1511:The Chronicle of Lanercost, 1272–1346, Volume 1
1051:—and those men sentenced to death were instead
3661:, California: University of California Press,
3207:
3101:. DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press.
2581:
2579:
2577:
2490:
2327:
2325:
2212:
2073:
2071:
2050:
1894:
1892:
1440:
981:, a legal reformer. Influenced by his friend,
264:until dead. His corpse was disembowelled, his
174:. The death penalty for treason was abolished
4275:
3586:, Paternoster-Row, London: Alex Hogg & Co
3425:
2179:
1452:
1431:
1390:
560:politicians prompted the introduction of the
422:These and other executions, such as those of
244:used for robbers." He was apparently sent by
137:measured against the seriousness of the crime
58:used principally to execute men convicted of
4044:Death and the noble body in medieval England
4003:, Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group,
2769:
2767:
2597:
2502:
2027:Why do we say 'hanged, drawn and quartered?'
2008:
1717:
1715:
1654:
1652:
1271:In 1534, a woman's head adorned the bridge;
744:was in 1584 made to watch as his companion,
567:
3879:, New York: Biblo & Tannen Publishers,
3813:, Manchester: Manchester University Press,
3580:Granger, William; Caulfield, James (1804),
3362:, Manchester: Manchester University Press,
3181:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3156:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2574:
2322:
2068:
1889:
1372:Stair na hÉireann | History of Ireland
304:), and princes of that "turbulent nation" (
260:to be executed. There he was hanged from a
4282:
4268:
4080:
3704:
3650:
3601:
3594:Justice at Work: The Human Side of the Law
3330:
3291:Block, Brian P.; Hostettler, John (1997),
3192:Execution, a Guide to the Ultimate Penalty
3026:
2890:
2355:
1706:
1425:
1138:List of people hanged, drawn and quartered
752:and Francis Edwardes were made to witness
581:List of people hanged, drawn and quartered
516:. It also applied to subjects overseas in
271:
4067:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
4040:
3996:
3899:, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press,
3487:A Short Constitutional History of England
3426:Diehl, Daniel; Donnelly, Mark P. (2009),
3403:
2764:
2698:
2367:
1871:
1712:
1649:
1556:
1003:and one of three men executed in 1817 at
209:is drawn to his execution behind a horse.
3788:
3734:, New York: Courier Dover Publications,
3524:
2937:"Second Reading, HC Deb vol 200 cc931–8"
2794:, vol. 1, Oxford University Press,
2544:, vol. 1, Oxford University Press,
2343:
2254:, vol. 1, Oxford University Press,
2023:
2011:Capital Punishment: A Reference Handbook
1745:
1602:, vol. 1, Oxford University Press,
1593:
1365:
1086:'s second attempt since 1864 to end the
939:
811:
661:
649:
402:
275:
190:
31:
4630:Capital punishment for drug trafficking
4102:
3949:
3912:
3892:
3872:
3724:
3685:
3545:
3483:
3476:Diary and correspondence of John Evelyn
3452:, New York: Columbia University Press,
3406:"The Abolition of the Burning of Women"
3248:
3230:
3171:, vol. 2, Great Britain Parliament
2911:
2792:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2785:
2758:
2734:
2722:
2655:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2636:
2585:
2568:
2542:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2509:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2439:
2415:
2331:
2302:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2252:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2248:"Harrison, Thomas (bap. 1616, d. 1660)"
2245:
2192:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2173:
2161:
2149:
2137:
2113:
2089:
2077:
1898:
1883:
1793:
1769:
1751:
1682:
1658:
1631:
1600:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1563:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1544:
1532:
1513:, Glasgow: Llanerch Press, p. 35,
1508:
1464:
1413:
1384:
1331:"Part 1 of The Commonwealth of Ireland"
1106:
961:of criminals other than murderers, the
543:Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham
14:
4648:
4289:
4060:
3985:
3936:, New Delhi: Anmol Publications PVT.,
3926:
3826:
3532:(Second ed.), New York: Vintage,
3503:
3465:
3445:
3375:
3310:
3235:, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul,
3189:
3164:
3143:The Solicitors' journal & reporter
3139:
3067:
2971:
2959:
2854:
2842:
2818:
2788:"Brandreth, Jeremiah (1786/1790–1817)"
2669:from the original on 24 September 2015
2601:Eavesdropping on Jane Austen's England
2503:Seccombe, Thomas; Carr, Sarah (2004),
2478:
2466:
2427:
2391:
2283:
2233:
2221:
2185:
2125:
2101:
2062:
1970:
1958:
1721:
1694:
1670:
1643:
1614:from the original on 24 September 2015
496:knowingly importing counterfeit money;
4263:
3963:
3806:
3747:
3731:William Wallace: Guardian of Scotland
3691:The Chronicle of Lanercost, 1272–1346
3623:
3590:
3565:
3357:
3341:Gendering European History: 1780–1920
3096:
3038:
2995:from the original on 13 November 2012
2878:
2773:
2710:
2648:
2624:
2535:
2451:
2403:
2266:from the original on 22 December 2015
2040:from the original on 22 November 2010
1838:
1757:
1482:Llywelyn ap Gruffudd: Prince of Wales
1401:
1069:Capital Punishment Amendment Act 1868
118:Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York
4635:Capital punishment for homosexuality
4233:
4047:, Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer,
4016:
3674:
3382:The marrow of ecclesiastical history
3126:
3005:
2949:from the original on 20 October 2012
2866:
2651:"Despard, Edward Marcus (1751–1803)"
2598:Adkins, Lesley; Adkins, Roy (2013).
2295:
1946:participating institution membership
1826:
1030:Offences against the Person Act 1828
965:rejected it. The burning in 1789 of
475:levying war against the king in his
424:Andrew Harclay, 1st Earl of Carlisle
228:The 13th-century English chronicler
27:Medieval punishment for high treason
3552:, Oxford: Oxford University Press,
3410:Crime, Histoire et Sociétés, 2005/2
3283:Commentaries on the Laws of England
1782:Coke, Littleton & Hargrave 1817
1184:Treason before 1351 was defined by
1101:European Convention on Human Rights
883:Another victim of the Popish Plot,
618:, the sense is as here." Historian
531:
392:
24:
4127:
3484:Feilden, Henry St. Clair (2009) ,
1366:hÉireann, Stair na (5 July 2016).
839:eleven years earlier, the diarist
679:Some reports indicate that during
359:First War of Scottish Independence
25:
4682:
4558:Most recent executions by country
4141:, Hull: William Andrews & Co.
3876:Ways of Medieval Life and Thought
2186:Nenner, Howard (September 2004),
1933:from the original on 25 June 2006
135:The severity of the sentence was
124:it was made part of statute law.
4242:
4214:
4202:
4190:
4178:
3754:, London: Taylor & Francis,
3214:Firsts, Lasts & Onlys: Crime
3090:
3061:
3032:
3020:
3011:
2999:
2977:
2965:
2953:
2929:
2917:
2905:
2896:
2884:
2872:
2860:
2848:
2836:
2824:
2812:
1303:
1279:who forecast the early death of
1111:In some of the places where the
878:
858:The head was often displayed on
518:British colonies in the Americas
66:(almost to the point of death),
4610:Religion and capital punishment
3681:, London: Smith, Elder & Co
3297:, Winchester: Waterside Press,
3119:
2942:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
2779:
2752:
2740:
2728:
2716:
2704:
2692:
2680:
2642:
2630:
2618:
2591:
2562:
2529:
2496:
2484:
2472:
2460:
2445:
2433:
2421:
2409:
2385:
2373:
2361:
2349:
2337:
2298:"Houghton, John (1486/7–1535)"
2289:
2277:
2239:
2227:
2167:
2155:
2143:
2131:
2119:
2107:
2095:
2083:
2056:
2024:Mortimer, Ian (30 March 2010),
2017:
2002:
1964:
1952:
1916:
1904:
1877:
1865:
1841:Journal of the History of Ideas
1832:
1820:
1787:
1775:
1763:
1739:
1727:
1700:
1688:
1676:
1664:
1637:
1625:
1587:
1550:
1538:
1526:
1502:
1470:
1458:
1446:
1290:
1275:, a domestic servant and later
1265:
1244:
1230:
1217:
1205:
1195:
1178:
1169:
1071:, introduced by Home Secretary
919:and six co-conspirators in the
292:'s reign, for the Welsh prince
120:in 1459, and from the reign of
101:for high treason in 1352 under
42:Froissart of Louis of Gruuthuse
3986:Tanner, Joseph Robson (1940),
3933:Encyclopaedia of Jurisprudence
3893:Roberts, John Leonard (2002),
3317:, London: Palgrave Macmillan,
3068:Albert, Peter J., ed. (1985).
2538:"Plunket, Oliver (1625–1681)"
2009:Kronenwetter, Michael (2001),
1509:Maxwell, Herbert, ed. (2001),
1419:
1407:
1378:
1359:
1341:
1323:
1155:
1022:John Russell, 1st Earl Russell
816:Engraving of the execution of
776:—the latter, according to Sir
13:
1:
4553:Enforcement or use by country
3678:Annals of British Legislation
3432:, Stroud: Sutton Publishing,
1993:: CS1 maint: date and year (
1857:: CS1 maint: date and year (
1143:
1093:Simon Fraser, 11th Lord Lovat
893:St Peter's Church in Drogheda
788:Major General Thomas Harrison
430:, which each occurred during
284:, King of England (1272–1307)
187:Early punishments for treason
4152:, Harvard University Press,
4041:Westerhof, Danielle (2008),
3997:Tomkovicz, James J. (2002),
3968:, in Carolyn Strange (ed.),
3591:Joyce, James Avery (1955) ,
3446:Dubber, Markus Dirk (2005),
2806:UK public library membership
2687:Granger & Caulfield 1804
2674:UK public library membership
2556:UK public library membership
2523:UK public library membership
2316:UK public library membership
2271:UK public library membership
2206:UK public library membership
1977:English Literary Renaissance
1619:UK public library membership
1581:UK public library membership
1148:
1113:American War of Independence
831:'s remains was described by
147:priests executed during the
7:
4480:Hanged, drawn and quartered
4229:Hanged, drawn and quartered
4112:, Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell,
3775:, Weidenfeld and Nicolson,
3726:Murison, Alexander Falconer
3602:Kastenbaum, Robert (2004),
3097:Young, Alfred, ed. (1976).
2924:Block & Hostettler 1997
2831:Block & Hostettler 1997
2747:Block & Hostettler 1997
2657:, Oxford University Press,
2511:, Oxford University Press,
2505:"Staley, William (d. 1678)"
2304:, Oxford University Press,
1911:Pollock & Maitland 2007
1809:(4): 1, 8–9, archived from
1126:
1097:Crime and Disorder Act 1998
899:and several other captured
49:hanged, drawn and quartered
10:
4687:
4146:Hamburger, Philip (2008),
4061:Wiener, Martin J. (2004),
3789:Phillips, Seymour (2010),
3773:Gunpowder Treason and Plot
3546:Gatrell, V. A. C. (1996),
3190:Abbott, Geoffrey (2005) ,
2491:Beadle & Harrison 2008
2051:Beadle & Harrison 2008
1794:Anthony, A. Craig (2001),
1557:Summerson, Henry (2008) ,
1441:Beadle & Harrison 2008
1287:, and hanged and beheaded.
1252:Hugh Despenser the Younger
987:severity of England's laws
909:François Henri de la Motte
868:Duke of Pommerania-Stettin
578:
571:
535:
428:Hugh Despenser the Younger
396:
181:
38:Hugh Despenser the Younger
4545:
4357:
4297:
4135:Andrews, William (1890),
3705:McConville, Seán (1995),
3645:10.1017/S0003598X00096484
3404:Devereaux, Simon (2006),
2246:Gentles, Ian J. (2008) ,
1926:Oxford English Dictionary
1594:Hamilton, J. S. (2008) ,
1486:University of Wales Press
1453:Diehl & Donnelly 2009
903:officers involved in the
716:in 1591. He was asked by
624:hung, drawn and quartered
603:Oxford English Dictionary
595:Frederic William Maitland
568:Execution of the sentence
373:and the quarters sent to
4299:Current judicial methods
3972:, Vancouver: UBC Press,
3953:The Real Mr Frankenstein
3834:, London: J. Whitehead,
3693:, Glasgow: J Maclehose,
3233:The Tudor Law of Treason
3211:; Harrison, Ian (2008),
2649:Chase, Malcolm (2009) ,
2454:Outlines of Criminal Law
2380:Northcote Parkinson 1976
1316:
748:, was "a-quarter-inge".
493:, or the king's coinage;
4017:Ward, Harry M. (2009),
3964:Smith, Greg T. (1996),
3873:Powicke, F. M. (1949),
3828:Pollen, John Hungerford
3769:Northcote Parkinson, C.
3748:Naish, Camille (1991),
3624:Lewis, Mary E (2008) ,
3479:, London: Henry Colburn
3360:Chartism: A New History
3358:Chase, Malcolm (2007),
3217:, London: Anova Books,
3146:, London: Law Newspaper
3133:Office of the Law Times
2786:Belchem, John (2008) ,
2188:"Regicides (act. 1649)"
1567:Oxford University Press
1064:Spencer Horatio Walpole
1038:Treason Felony Act 1848
905:Jacobite Rising of 1745
410:, under whose rule the
357:, a main leader of the
272:First recorded examples
3249:Bellamy, John (2004),
3231:Bellamy, John (1979),
3135:, vol. 49, London
3039:Allen, Thomas (2011).
2550:10.1093/ref:odnb/22412
2517:10.1093/ref:odnb/26224
2310:10.1093/ref:odnb/13867
2260:10.1093/ref:odnb/12448
2200:10.1093/ref:odnb/70599
1734:Blackstone et al. 1832
1707:Caine & Sluga 2002
1575:10.1093/ref:odnb/12235
1426:Lewis & Paris 1987
1014:Cato Street Conspiracy
949:
938:
864:Joseph Justus Scaliger
820:
676:
659:
419:
363:crown of laurel leaves
338:, and the left leg to
285:
210:
157:execution of Charles I
139:. As an attack on the
44:
4149:Law and judicial duty
3950:Shelton, Don (2009),
3807:Poole, Steve (2000),
3711:, London: Routledge,
3344:, London: Continuum,
3311:Briggs, John (1996),
2985:"Forfeiture Act 1870"
2800:10.1093/ref:odnb/3270
2663:10.1093/ref:odnb/7548
2536:Hanly, John (2006) ,
2296:Hogg, James (2008) ,
1608:10.1093/ref:odnb/7554
1082:, Liberal politician
1057:Industrial Revolution
959:anatomical dissection
943:
929:
925:Horsemonger Lane Gaol
815:
665:
653:
406:
279:
236:)" attempted to kill
194:
155:involved in the 1649
151:, and several of the
40:, as depicted in the
35:
4671:Medieval English law
4666:English criminal law
4138:Old-Time Punishments
4083:"Dispensing justice"
3687:Maxwell, Sir Herbert
3675:Levi, Leone (1866),
3575:, London: H. G. Bohn
3047:. New York: Harper.
1488:. pp. 578–579.
1260:Gilbert de Middleton
1107:In the United States
944:The severed head of
889:Archbishop of Armagh
825:Sir Thomas Armstrong
818:Sir Thomas Armstrong
514:constructive treason
18:Hanged and quartered
4443:Republican marriage
4372:Damnatio ad bestias
3597:, London: Pan Books
3270:Blackstone, William
2033:, ianmortimer.com,
1080:Forfeiture Act 1870
955:William Wilberforce
614:is mentioned after
485:counterfeiting the
355:Sir William Wallace
334:, the right leg to
88:burned at the stake
4615:Wrongful execution
4527:Suffocation in ash
4383:Blowing from a gun
4291:Capital punishment
4087:Responses to Crime
3928:Sharma, Ram Sharan
3847:Pollock, Frederick
3509:The Gunpowder Plot
2989:legislation.gov.uk
2881:, pp. 137–140
2869:, pp. 134–135
2821:, pp. 161–162
2689:, pp. 889–897
2639:, pp. 317–318
2588:, pp. 316–317
2481:, pp. 160–161
2469:, pp. 159–160
2452:Kenny, C. (1936),
2442:, pp. 207–208
2406:, pp. 113–124
2358:, pp. 193–194
2224:, pp. 158–159
2176:, pp. 202–204
1973:Chidiock Tichborne
1736:, pp. 156–157
1673:, pp. 375–376
1634:, pp. 280–281
1547:, pp. 147–149
997:Jeremiah Brandreth
950:
946:Jeremiah Brandreth
829:Dafydd ap Gruffydd
821:
677:
660:
420:
330:, the left arm to
302:House of Aberffraw
294:Dafydd ap Gruffydd
286:
246:William de Marisco
219:Kingdom of England
211:
207:William de Marisco
195:As illustrated in
99:Kingdom of England
97:punishment in the
56:capital punishment
45:
4656:Execution methods
4643:
4642:
4620:Botched execution
4159:978-0-674-03131-9
4119:978-0-631-22740-3
4096:978-0-19-829844-1
4074:978-0-521-83198-7
4054:978-1-84383-416-8
4034:978-1-933146-57-7
4023:, Palo Alto, CA:
4010:978-0-313-31448-3
3979:978-0-7748-0585-8
3943:978-81-261-1474-0
3922:, London: Ridgway
3906:978-1-902930-29-9
3886:978-0-8196-0137-7
3866:978-1-58477-718-2
3820:978-0-7190-5035-0
3800:978-0-300-15657-7
3782:978-0-297-77224-8
3761:978-0-415-05585-7
3741:978-0-486-43182-6
3718:978-0-415-03295-7
3668:978-0-520-04981-9
3617:978-0-520-21880-2
3559:978-0-19-285332-5
3539:978-0-679-75255-4
3518:978-0-7538-1401-7
3497:978-1-4446-9107-8
3459:978-0-231-13207-7
3439:978-0-7509-4583-7
3419:978-2-600-01054-2
3369:978-0-7190-6087-8
3351:978-0-8264-6775-1
3324:978-0-312-16331-0
3304:978-1-872870-47-2
3274:Christian, Edward
3262:978-0-521-52638-8
3242:978-0-7100-8729-4
3224:978-1-905798-04-9
3201:978-1-84024-433-5
3054:978-0-06-124181-9
2945:, 30 March 1870,
2926:, pp. 59, 72
2804:(subscription or
2672:(subscription or
2611:978-1-4055-1364-7
2554:(subscription or
2521:(subscription or
2314:(subscription or
2269:(subscription or
2204:(subscription or
1944:(subscription or
1617:(subscription or
1579:(subscription or
1478:J. Beverley Smith
721:Richard Topcliffe
669:In the top pane,
620:Ram Sharan Sharma
526:Great Swamp Fight
365:and was drawn to
234:armiger literatus
164:Act of Parliament
36:The execution of
16:(Redirected from
4678:
4329:Nitrogen hypoxia
4324:Lethal injection
4284:
4277:
4270:
4261:
4260:
4255:
4247:
4246:
4245:
4235:
4219:
4218:
4207:
4206:
4205:
4195:
4194:
4193:
4183:
4182:
4174:
4162:
4142:
4122:
4104:Wormald, Patrick
4099:
4077:
4057:
4037:
4013:
3993:
3982:
3960:
3958:
3946:
3923:
3909:
3889:
3869:
3842:
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3803:
3785:
3764:
3744:
3721:
3701:
3682:
3671:
3651:Lewis, Suzanne;
3647:
3639:(315): 113–124,
3630:
3620:
3598:
3587:
3576:
3562:
3542:
3526:Foucault, Michel
3521:
3500:
3480:
3462:
3442:
3422:
3400:
3399:, London: Clarke
3386:
3372:
3354:
3327:
3307:
3287:
3265:
3245:
3227:
3204:
3186:
3180:
3172:
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3155:
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2900:
2894:
2888:
2882:
2876:
2870:
2864:
2858:
2852:
2846:
2840:
2834:
2833:, pp. 51–58
2828:
2822:
2816:
2810:
2809:
2802:
2783:
2777:
2771:
2762:
2756:
2750:
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2732:
2726:
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2714:
2708:
2702:
2701:, pp. 73–93
2696:
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2449:
2443:
2437:
2431:
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2413:
2407:
2401:
2395:
2389:
2383:
2382:, pp. 91–92
2377:
2371:
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2359:
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2329:
2320:
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2312:
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2209:
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2183:
2177:
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2165:
2159:
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2135:
2129:
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2105:
2099:
2093:
2087:
2081:
2075:
2066:
2060:
2054:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2032:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2006:
2000:
1998:
1992:
1984:
1968:
1962:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1920:
1914:
1908:
1902:
1896:
1887:
1881:
1875:
1869:
1863:
1862:
1856:
1848:
1836:
1830:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1816:on 21 March 2014
1815:
1803:Castle Chronicle
1800:
1791:
1785:
1784:, pp. 20–21
1779:
1773:
1772:, pp. 10–11
1767:
1761:
1755:
1749:
1748:, pp. 47–49
1743:
1737:
1731:
1725:
1719:
1710:
1709:, pp. 12–13
1704:
1698:
1692:
1686:
1680:
1674:
1668:
1662:
1656:
1647:
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1635:
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1623:
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1615:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1577:
1554:
1548:
1542:
1536:
1535:, pp. 23–26
1530:
1524:
1523:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1484:(2nd ed.).
1474:
1468:
1467:, pp. 23–29
1462:
1456:
1450:
1444:
1438:
1429:
1423:
1417:
1411:
1405:
1399:
1388:
1387:, pp. 54–58
1382:
1376:
1375:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1327:
1310:
1307:
1301:
1294:
1288:
1273:Elizabeth Barton
1269:
1263:
1248:
1242:
1234:
1228:
1221:
1215:
1209:
1203:
1199:
1193:
1186:Alfred the Great
1182:
1176:
1173:
1167:
1159:
977:, introduced by
975:Treason Act 1814
971:Treason Act 1790
967:Catherine Murphy
897:Francis Towneley
673:
608:
587:High Middle Ages
562:Treason Act 1695
538:Treason Act 1695
532:Treason Act 1695
412:Treason Act 1351
399:Treason Act 1351
393:Treason Act 1351
242:hung on a gibbet
221:found guilty of
215:High Middle Ages
51:was a method of
21:
4686:
4685:
4681:
4680:
4679:
4677:
4676:
4675:
4646:
4645:
4644:
4639:
4605:List of methods
4590:Final statement
4541:
4362:
4360:
4353:
4293:
4288:
4258:
4248:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4234:sister projects
4231:at Knowledge's
4225:
4213:
4203:
4201:
4191:
4189:
4177:
4169:
4165:
4160:
4145:
4134:
4130:
4128:Further reading
4125:
4120:
4097:
4075:
4055:
4035:
4025:Academica Press
4011:
3980:
3959:, Portmin Press
3956:
3944:
3914:Romilly, Samuel
3907:
3887:
3867:
3851:Maitland, F. W.
3821:
3801:
3783:
3762:
3742:
3719:
3669:
3628:
3618:
3560:
3540:
3519:
3505:Fraser, Antonia
3498:
3460:
3440:
3420:
3370:
3352:
3325:
3305:
3263:
3243:
3225:
3202:
3174:
3173:
3165:Anon 3 (1870),
3149:
3148:
3140:Anon 2 (1870),
3129:"The Law Times"
3122:
3117:
3116:
3109:
3095:
3091:
3084:
3066:
3062:
3055:
3037:
3033:
3027:Windlesham 2001
3025:
3021:
3016:
3012:
3004:
3000:
2983:
2982:
2978:
2970:
2966:
2958:
2954:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2922:
2918:
2910:
2906:
2901:
2897:
2891:McConville 1995
2889:
2885:
2877:
2873:
2865:
2861:
2853:
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2841:
2837:
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2825:
2817:
2813:
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2705:
2697:
2693:
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2681:
2671:
2647:
2643:
2635:
2631:
2623:
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2612:
2596:
2592:
2584:
2575:
2567:
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2553:
2534:
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2501:
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2434:
2426:
2422:
2414:
2410:
2402:
2398:
2390:
2386:
2378:
2374:
2366:
2362:
2356:Kastenbaum 2004
2354:
2350:
2342:
2338:
2330:
2323:
2313:
2294:
2290:
2282:
2278:
2268:
2244:
2240:
2232:
2228:
2220:
2213:
2203:
2184:
2180:
2172:
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2049:
2045:
2037:
2030:
2022:
2018:
2007:
2003:
1986:
1985:
1969:
1965:
1957:
1953:
1943:
1936:
1934:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1909:
1905:
1897:
1890:
1882:
1878:
1870:
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1849:
1837:
1833:
1825:
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1813:
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1792:
1788:
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1752:
1744:
1740:
1732:
1728:
1720:
1713:
1705:
1701:
1693:
1689:
1685:, pp. 9–10
1681:
1677:
1669:
1665:
1657:
1650:
1642:
1638:
1630:
1626:
1616:
1592:
1588:
1578:
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1543:
1539:
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1527:
1521:
1507:
1503:
1496:
1475:
1471:
1463:
1459:
1451:
1447:
1439:
1432:
1424:
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1412:
1408:
1400:
1391:
1383:
1379:
1364:
1360:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1304:
1298:Catherine Hayes
1295:
1291:
1283:, was drawn to
1270:
1266:
1250:In the case of
1249:
1245:
1235:
1231:
1222:
1218:
1210:
1206:
1200:
1196:
1183:
1179:
1174:
1170:
1160:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1129:
1109:
1084:Charles Forster
1042:penal servitude
1001:Pentrich rising
885:Oliver Plunkett
881:
833:Herbert Maxwell
714:Edmund Gennings
702:William Perkins
689:Thomas Pilchard
685:William Wallace
671:
606:
583:
577:
570:
540:
534:
401:
395:
344:Tower of London
298:Prince of Wales
274:
258:Tower of London
217:, those in the
202:Chronica Majora
189:
184:
149:Elizabethan era
126:Matthew Lambert
115:Lord Lieutenant
103:King Edward III
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4684:
4674:
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4668:
4663:
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4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4586:
4585:
4580:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4549:
4547:
4546:Related topics
4543:
4542:
4540:
4539:
4534:
4532:Upright jerker
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4446:
4445:
4435:
4430:
4428:Disembowelment
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4398:Breaking wheel
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4367:
4365:
4361:post-classical
4355:
4354:
4352:
4351:
4346:
4341:
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4321:
4320:
4319:
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4199:
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4123:
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4100:
4095:
4078:
4073:
4058:
4053:
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4033:
4014:
4009:
3994:
3983:
3978:
3961:
3947:
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3905:
3890:
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3799:
3786:
3781:
3765:
3760:
3745:
3740:
3722:
3717:
3702:
3683:
3672:
3667:
3653:Paris, Matthew
3648:
3621:
3616:
3599:
3588:
3577:
3563:
3558:
3543:
3538:
3522:
3517:
3501:
3496:
3490:, Read Books,
3481:
3463:
3458:
3443:
3438:
3423:
3418:
3401:
3387:
3377:Clarke, Samuel
3373:
3368:
3355:
3350:
3332:Caine, Barbara
3328:
3323:
3308:
3303:
3288:
3278:Chitty, Joseph
3266:
3261:
3246:
3241:
3228:
3223:
3209:Beadle, Jeremy
3205:
3200:
3187:
3162:
3137:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3107:
3089:
3082:
3060:
3053:
3031:
3019:
3010:
2998:
2976:
2964:
2952:
2928:
2916:
2904:
2895:
2883:
2871:
2859:
2847:
2835:
2823:
2811:
2778:
2763:
2761:, p. xlvi
2751:
2739:
2727:
2715:
2703:
2699:Devereaux 2006
2691:
2679:
2641:
2629:
2617:
2610:
2590:
2573:
2561:
2528:
2495:
2483:
2471:
2459:
2444:
2432:
2420:
2408:
2396:
2384:
2372:
2368:Westerhof 2008
2360:
2348:
2336:
2321:
2288:
2276:
2238:
2226:
2211:
2178:
2166:
2154:
2142:
2130:
2118:
2106:
2094:
2082:
2067:
2055:
2043:
2016:
2001:
1963:
1951:
1915:
1903:
1888:
1886:, pp. 6–7
1876:
1872:Tomkovicz 2002
1864:
1831:
1819:
1786:
1774:
1762:
1750:
1738:
1726:
1711:
1699:
1687:
1675:
1663:
1648:
1636:
1624:
1586:
1549:
1537:
1525:
1519:
1501:
1495:978-1783160839
1494:
1469:
1457:
1445:
1430:
1418:
1406:
1389:
1377:
1358:
1340:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1302:
1289:
1264:
1256:Andrew Harclay
1243:
1229:
1216:
1204:
1194:
1177:
1168:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1140:
1135:
1128:
1125:
1108:
1105:
1073:Gathorne Hardy
1061:Home Secretary
1049:Newport Rising
983:Jeremy Bentham
979:Samuel Romilly
963:House of Lords
917:Edward Despard
880:
877:
837:King Charles I
803:Gunpowder Plot
770:William Hacket
754:Ralph Crockett
569:
566:
536:Main article:
533:
530:
509:
508:
497:
494:
483:
480:
473:
470:
397:Main article:
394:
391:
273:
270:
238:King Henry III
188:
185:
183:
180:
122:King Henry VII
107:King Henry III
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4683:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4653:
4651:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4584:
4583:Scharfrichter
4581:
4579:
4576:
4575:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
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4528:
4525:
4523:
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4505:
4503:
4502:
4498:
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4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4444:
4441:
4440:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4433:Dismemberment
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4373:
4369:
4368:
4366:
4364:
4356:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4334:Electrocution
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4300:
4296:
4292:
4285:
4280:
4278:
4273:
4271:
4266:
4265:
4262:
4253:
4252:
4240:
4239:
4236:
4230:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4210:
4200:
4198:
4188:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4175:
4172:
4167:
4161:
4155:
4151:
4150:
4144:
4140:
4139:
4133:
4132:
4121:
4115:
4111:
4110:
4105:
4101:
4098:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4079:
4076:
4070:
4066:
4065:
4059:
4056:
4050:
4046:
4045:
4039:
4036:
4030:
4026:
4022:
4021:
4015:
4012:
4006:
4002:
4001:
3995:
3991:
3990:
3984:
3981:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3962:
3955:
3954:
3948:
3945:
3939:
3935:
3934:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3920:
3915:
3911:
3908:
3902:
3898:
3897:
3891:
3888:
3882:
3878:
3877:
3871:
3868:
3862:
3858:
3857:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3825:
3822:
3816:
3812:
3811:
3805:
3802:
3796:
3792:
3787:
3784:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3766:
3763:
3757:
3753:
3752:
3746:
3743:
3737:
3733:
3732:
3727:
3723:
3720:
3714:
3710:
3709:
3703:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3679:
3673:
3670:
3664:
3660:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3627:
3622:
3619:
3613:
3609:
3608:Life Passages
3605:
3600:
3596:
3595:
3589:
3585:
3584:
3578:
3574:
3573:
3568:
3564:
3561:
3555:
3551:
3550:
3544:
3541:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3520:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3499:
3493:
3489:
3488:
3482:
3478:
3477:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3461:
3455:
3451:
3450:
3444:
3441:
3435:
3431:
3430:
3424:
3421:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3402:
3398:
3397:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3383:
3378:
3374:
3371:
3365:
3361:
3356:
3353:
3347:
3343:
3342:
3337:
3336:Sluga, Glenda
3333:
3329:
3326:
3320:
3316:
3315:
3309:
3306:
3300:
3296:
3295:
3289:
3285:
3284:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3264:
3258:
3254:
3253:
3247:
3244:
3238:
3234:
3229:
3226:
3220:
3216:
3215:
3210:
3206:
3203:
3197:
3193:
3188:
3184:
3178:
3170:
3169:
3163:
3159:
3153:
3145:
3144:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3127:Anon (1870),
3125:
3124:
3110:
3108:0-87580-057-2
3104:
3100:
3093:
3085:
3083:0-8139-1051-X
3079:
3074:
3073:
3064:
3056:
3050:
3045:
3044:
3035:
3029:, p. 81n
3028:
3023:
3014:
3008:, p. 221
3007:
3002:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2980:
2974:, p. 547
2973:
2968:
2962:, p. N/A
2961:
2956:
2948:
2944:
2943:
2938:
2932:
2925:
2920:
2914:, p. 593
2913:
2908:
2902:Kenny, p. 319
2899:
2893:, p. 409
2892:
2887:
2880:
2875:
2868:
2863:
2856:
2851:
2844:
2839:
2832:
2827:
2820:
2815:
2807:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2782:
2776:, p. 105
2775:
2770:
2768:
2760:
2755:
2748:
2743:
2736:
2731:
2724:
2719:
2712:
2707:
2700:
2695:
2688:
2683:
2675:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2645:
2638:
2633:
2626:
2621:
2613:
2607:
2603:
2602:
2594:
2587:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2571:, p. 132
2570:
2565:
2557:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2532:
2524:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2499:
2492:
2487:
2480:
2475:
2468:
2463:
2455:
2448:
2441:
2436:
2430:, p. 341
2429:
2424:
2417:
2412:
2405:
2400:
2394:, p. 283
2393:
2388:
2381:
2376:
2370:, p. 127
2369:
2364:
2357:
2352:
2346:, p. 517
2345:
2344:Phillips 2010
2340:
2334:, p. 204
2333:
2328:
2326:
2317:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2292:
2286:, p. 161
2285:
2280:
2272:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2242:
2236:, p. 158
2235:
2230:
2223:
2218:
2216:
2207:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2182:
2175:
2170:
2164:, p. 201
2163:
2158:
2152:, p. 199
2151:
2146:
2140:, p. 194
2139:
2134:
2128:, p. 207
2127:
2122:
2116:, p. 193
2115:
2110:
2104:, p. 327
2103:
2098:
2092:, p. 195
2091:
2086:
2080:, p. 191
2079:
2074:
2072:
2065:, p. 853
2064:
2059:
2052:
2047:
2036:
2029:
2028:
2020:
2012:
2005:
1996:
1990:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1967:
1960:
1955:
1947:
1932:
1928:
1927:
1919:
1913:, p. 500
1912:
1907:
1901:, p. 187
1900:
1895:
1893:
1885:
1880:
1873:
1868:
1860:
1854:
1847:(4): 471–498
1846:
1842:
1835:
1828:
1823:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1797:
1790:
1783:
1778:
1771:
1766:
1759:
1754:
1747:
1746:Foucault 1995
1742:
1735:
1730:
1723:
1718:
1716:
1708:
1703:
1696:
1691:
1684:
1679:
1672:
1667:
1660:
1655:
1653:
1646:, p. 375
1645:
1640:
1633:
1628:
1620:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1590:
1582:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1553:
1546:
1541:
1534:
1529:
1522:
1516:
1512:
1505:
1497:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1473:
1466:
1461:
1454:
1449:
1442:
1437:
1435:
1428:, p. 234
1427:
1422:
1415:
1410:
1404:, p. 139
1403:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1386:
1381:
1373:
1369:
1362:
1354:
1350:
1344:
1336:
1332:
1326:
1322:
1306:
1299:
1293:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1268:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1247:
1240:
1233:
1226:
1220:
1214:
1208:
1198:
1191:
1187:
1181:
1172:
1165:
1158:
1154:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1133:Dismemberment
1131:
1130:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1065:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1015:
1010:
1009:Prince Regent
1006:
1002:
998:
993:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
947:
942:
937:
935:
928:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
879:Later history
876:
874:
869:
865:
861:
860:London Bridge
856:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
819:
814:
810:
808:
804:
800:
799:Richard White
795:
793:
792:John Houghton
789:
786:
781:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
762:strangulation
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
738:
736:
731:
727:
722:
719:
718:priest hunter
715:
711:
705:
703:
699:
695:
694:Samuel Clarke
690:
686:
682:
674:
668:
664:
657:
656:London Bridge
652:
648:
646:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
605:
604:
598:
596:
592:
588:
582:
575:
565:
563:
559:
555:
551:
550:Privy Council
546:
544:
539:
529:
527:
523:
519:
515:
506:
502:
498:
495:
492:
488:
484:
481:
478:
474:
471:
468:
467:
466:
463:
460:
456:
454:
450:
449:Petty treason
445:
444:right to rule
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
417:
413:
409:
405:
400:
390:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
371:London Bridge
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
349:In 1305, the
347:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
324:
319:
317:
316:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
283:
278:
269:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
230:Matthew Paris
226:
224:
220:
216:
208:
204:
203:
198:
197:Matthew Paris
193:
179:
177:
173:
169:
168:statute books
165:
162:Although the
160:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
133:
131:
127:
123:
119:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
91:
89:
85:
84:London Bridge
81:
77:
73:
72:disembowelled
69:
65:
61:
57:
54:
50:
43:
39:
34:
30:
19:
4517:Slow slicing
4499:
4479:
4370:
4317:firing squad
4254:from Commons
4249:
4228:
4166:
4148:
4137:
4108:
4086:
4063:
4043:
4019:
3999:
3988:
3969:
3952:
3932:
3918:
3895:
3875:
3855:
3831:
3809:
3790:
3772:
3750:
3730:
3707:
3690:
3677:
3657:
3636:
3632:
3607:
3593:
3582:
3571:
3567:Giles, J. A.
3548:
3529:
3508:
3486:
3475:
3471:William Bray
3467:Evelyn, John
3448:
3428:
3409:
3395:
3391:Coke, Edward
3381:
3359:
3340:
3313:
3293:
3282:
3251:
3232:
3213:
3191:
3168:Public Bills
3167:
3142:
3132:
3120:Bibliography
3098:
3092:
3071:
3063:
3042:
3034:
3022:
3013:
3001:
2988:
2979:
2967:
2955:
2940:
2931:
2919:
2912:Gatrell 1996
2907:
2898:
2886:
2874:
2862:
2857:, p. 27
2850:
2845:, p. 23
2838:
2826:
2814:
2791:
2781:
2759:Romilly 1820
2754:
2749:, p. 42
2742:
2735:Feilden 2009
2730:
2725:, p. 88
2723:Shelton 2009
2718:
2713:, p. 30
2706:
2694:
2682:
2654:
2644:
2637:Gatrell 1996
2632:
2627:, p. 76
2620:
2600:
2593:
2586:Gatrell 1996
2569:Roberts 2002
2564:
2541:
2531:
2508:
2498:
2493:, p. 22
2486:
2474:
2462:
2453:
2447:
2440:Bellamy 1979
2435:
2423:
2418:, p. 35
2416:Maxwell 1913
2411:
2399:
2387:
2375:
2363:
2351:
2339:
2332:Bellamy 1979
2301:
2291:
2279:
2251:
2241:
2229:
2191:
2181:
2174:Bellamy 1979
2169:
2162:Bellamy 1979
2157:
2150:Bellamy 1979
2145:
2138:Bellamy 1979
2133:
2121:
2114:Bellamy 1979
2109:
2097:
2090:Bellamy 1979
2085:
2078:Bellamy 1979
2058:
2053:, p. 12
2046:
2026:
2019:
2010:
2004:
1983:(2): 303–318
1980:
1976:
1966:
1954:
1935:, retrieved
1925:
1918:
1906:
1899:Bellamy 1979
1884:Feilden 2009
1879:
1867:
1844:
1840:
1834:
1829:, p. 56
1822:
1811:the original
1806:
1802:
1789:
1777:
1770:Bellamy 1979
1765:
1753:
1741:
1729:
1724:, p. 84
1702:
1697:, p. 25
1690:
1683:Bellamy 1979
1678:
1666:
1659:Bellamy 1979
1639:
1632:Wormald 2001
1627:
1599:
1589:
1562:
1552:
1545:Murison 2003
1540:
1533:Bellamy 2004
1528:
1510:
1504:
1481:
1472:
1465:Bellamy 2004
1460:
1455:, p. 58
1448:
1443:, p. 11
1421:
1416:, p. 23
1414:Bellamy 2004
1409:
1385:Powicke 1949
1380:
1371:
1361:
1352:
1343:
1334:
1325:
1305:
1292:
1267:
1246:
1232:
1219:
1207:
1197:
1180:
1171:
1162:
1157:
1110:
1077:
1019:
951:
933:
930:
921:Despard Plot
882:
857:
853:putrefaction
822:
796:
782:
750:Edward James
739:
735:disinherited
710:William Dean
706:
681:Queen Mary I
678:
666:
644:
640:Ian Mortimer
635:
631:
627:
623:
615:
611:
601:
599:
584:
547:
541:
522:Narragansett
510:
499:killing the
464:
459:High treason
457:
421:
416:high treason
348:
320:
315:high treason
313:
287:
281:
250:Lundy Island
233:
227:
212:
200:
161:
134:
93:It became a
92:
60:high treason
48:
46:
29:
4573:Executioner
4413:Crucifixion
4388:Brazen bull
4378:Blood eagle
4359:Ancient and
4339:Gas chamber
4221:Middle Ages
3511:, Phoenix,
2972:Anon 2 1870
2960:Anon 3 1870
2855:Dubber 2005
2843:Wiener 2004
2819:Abbott 2005
2737:, p. 5
2479:Abbott 2005
2467:Abbott 2005
2428:Evelyn 1850
2392:Fraser 2005
2284:Abbott 2005
2234:Abbott 2005
2222:Abbott 2005
2126:Pollen 1908
2102:Pollen 1908
2063:Clarke 1654
1961:, p. 9
1959:Sharma 2003
1874:, p. 6
1760:, p. 9
1722:Briggs 1996
1695:Dubber 2005
1671:Tanner 1940
1661:, p. 9
1644:Tanner 1940
1353:celt.ucc.ie
1335:celt.ucc.ie
1213:Edward Coke
1053:transported
1026:Robert Peel
873:Popish Plot
841:John Evelyn
778:Edward Coke
774:emasculated
758:Elizabeth I
726:Thomas Ford
524:during the
336:Northampton
254:Westminster
213:During the
68:emasculated
4650:Categories
4537:Waist chop
4501:Mazzatello
4495:Ishikozume
4490:Impalement
4485:Immurement
4475:Guillotine
4423:Decimation
2879:Chase 2007
2774:Joyce 1955
2711:Smith 1996
2625:Poole 2000
2404:Lewis 2008
1758:Naish 1991
1520:1861431090
1402:Giles 1852
1281:Henry VIII
1239:John Cooke
1144:References
1088:forfeiture
1005:Derby Gaol
913:Portsmouth
807:Guy Fawkes
766:John Payne
746:John Finch
742:James Bell
700:clergyman
579:See also:
574:John Mundy
501:Chancellor
491:Privy Seal
487:Great Seal
440:Edward III
436:common law
408:Edward III
367:Smithfield
323:Shrewsbury
310:Shrewsbury
282:Longshanks
4595:Last meal
4568:Death row
4470:Gibbeting
4344:Beheading
4106:(2001) ,
3840:23354143M
3791:Edward II
3633:Antiquity
3507:(2005) ,
3006:Anon 1870
2867:Levi 1866
2808:required)
2676:required)
2558:required)
2525:required)
2318:required)
2273:required)
2208:required)
1948:required)
1937:18 August
1827:Ward 2009
1621:required)
1583:required)
1225:Attainder
1190:Doom book
1149:Footnotes
1117:Loyalists
1103:in 1999.
845:parboiled
672:Charles I
505:Treasurer
432:Edward II
375:Newcastle
280:Edward I
153:regicides
95:statutory
80:quartered
53:torturous
4600:Penology
4512:Scaphism
4450:Elephant
4438:Drowning
4418:Crushing
4312:Shooting
3957:(e-book)
3930:(2003),
3916:(1820),
3853:(2007),
3830:(1908),
3771:(1976),
3728:(2003),
3699:7037018M
3689:(1913),
3655:(1987),
3569:(1852),
3528:(1995),
3469:(1850),
3379:(1654),
3338:(2002),
3177:citation
3152:citation
2993:archived
2991:, 1870,
2947:archived
2667:archived
2264:archived
2035:archived
1989:citation
1931:archived
1923:"draw",
1853:citation
1612:archived
1480:(2014).
1127:See also
1121:Patriots
1046:Chartist
901:Jacobite
785:regicide
630:follows
383:Stirling
351:Scottish
340:Hereford
290:Edward I
266:entrails
145:Catholic
76:beheaded
4661:Torture
4522:Stoning
4465:Garrote
4460:Flaying
4455:Falling
4408:Burning
4393:Boiling
4363:methods
4349:Stoning
4307:Hanging
4209:History
4197:England
4171:Portals
3473:(ed.),
992:in 1814
698:Puritan
645:drawing
554:counsel
489:or the
379:Berwick
353:knight
332:Bristol
256:to the
223:treason
182:History
176:in 1998
172:in 1870
141:monarch
130:Wexford
111:Ireland
4507:Sawing
4403:Burial
4156:
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1517:
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1202:crime.
887:, the
730:Jesuit
696:, the
632:hanged
616:hanged
591:hurdle
453:burned
426:, and
385:, and
262:gibbet
78:, and
64:hanged
47:To be
4563:Crime
4251:Media
3629:(PDF)
2038:(PDF)
2031:(PDF)
1814:(PDF)
1799:(PDF)
1317:Notes
849:cumin
628:drawn
612:drawn
607:'
477:realm
387:Perth
306:Wales
4578:list
4154:ISBN
4114:ISBN
4091:ISBN
4069:ISBN
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3183:link
3158:link
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1995:link
1939:2010
1859:link
1515:ISBN
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1164:est.
1119:and
636:hung
558:Whig
328:York
4185:Law
3641:doi
2796:doi
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2306:doi
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