604:
50:
336:
612:
476:
728:, which concluded that "while there may be considerable doubts as to the justification for undertaking large-scale standardisation of Australian railways under present circumstances, there can be no doubt that the standardisation of main trunk lines is not only justified, but long overdue." By 1962, Melbourne was linked to Sydney by a standard gauge link, and by 1970 the standardisation of the transcontinental link from Sydney to Perth was completed.
561:
752:
144:
in World War II, he played a pivotal role in the manufacture of fighter aircraft in the defence of
Australia. As Director-General of Australia's Land Transport Board, he presented a report on railway gauge standardisation that ultimately led to the eventual linking of all Australian mainland capital
708:
Parochial state interests thwarted the plan from being adopted. New South Wales refused to ratify the agreement as only a relatively small proportion of the project cost would be spent in NSW, where almost all track was already standard gauge. South
Australia objected to the Darwin link being built
583:
Although
Beaufort bombers were advanced aluminium aircraft requiring complex and previously untried assembly processes, the first flew as early as August 1941. During 1942 they were delivered at the rate of sixteen per month and in 1943 at 29 per month. The last of 700 was delivered in August 1944,
454:
in 1926, despite some reluctance from the South
Australian authorities who jointly ran the inter-capital service. Clapp oversaw the reduction in running time for the service from sixteen and a half hours in 1928 to around fourteen hours in 1938 (with the departure time changed from 4:30pm to a much
305:
His normally unsmiling face masked the fact that Clapp did have a sense of humour. He shared his awareness of people making use of his surname's unfortunate association with "the clap", a sexually transmitted infection: when addressing a group of railwaymen he said, "I know what you fellows call me
301:
Clapp's cleanliness was matched by his punctuality, a quality he expected in his employees and in his railway. Improvements in service reliability earned the ultimate compliment by way of the following complaint published in a
Melbourne newspaper: "Mr Clapp's fiendish efficiency means that we have
281:
Harold Clapp famously quipped that "The railway is ninety-five percent men and five percent iron." He was possessed of a remarkable memory and learnt the names and faces of many thousands of railway employees. He regarded stationmasters, who dealt with the public at many levels, as "his front line
777:
On 21 October 1952 he died in hospital, leaving behind his wife, two sons and a daughter. Tributes were paid by many, including then Prime
Minister Robert Menzies. Journalist C. R. Bradish described him as "a remarkable man", with "sufficient power and imagination to give the Victorian Railways a
255:
Clapp arrived in
September 1920, and began an extraordinary period of reform of Victorian Railways. During his tenure, timetables were improved, larger and more powerful locomotives were built, services were improved, and the VR expanded operations into everything from motor coach services, a ski
378:
As an efficiency measure, Clapp dispensed with the "Canadian Red" locomotive livery introduced by his predecessor Sir Thomas Tait, replacing it with a plain black livery that required less cleaning. In other key developments that drew on his US railroad experience, he oversaw the introduction of
318:
Clapp was notable for his support and assistance to the farming sector. This reflected not only a desire to boost rail traffic through increased farm production and customer demand, but also a belief that the role and social responsibilities of the
Victorian Railways as an organisation went far
297:
Harold Clapp's fastidiousness for cleanliness was legendary. He was reputed to polish his shoes up to eight times a day, was renowned for running a finger along high shelves of country railway stations checking for dust, and earned the nickname "Clever Mary", after a popular brand of household
546:
Clapp's time at
Victorian Railways is often viewed as being the halcyon days for the organisation. However, during Clapp's tenure the VR was already struggling to match new competition from road transport, as well as to remain profitable despite the legacy of a network of short, inefficient
343:
At the time that Harold Clapp took over, the VR goods locomotive fleet was almost completely of 19th century designs that were largely obsolete. Clapp set about modernising the fleet, firstly with construction commencing in 1921 of 25 further examples of the prototype
704:
44,318,000. He further recommended and the linking of Darwin to the national network via a new standard gauge link to be built from
Queensland at a cost of £10,898,000, and a new inland standard gauge link through New South Wales and Queensland, cost £21,565,000.
310:. One day, he called in at the railway station and found the stationmaster and porter cleaning up the place. When my brother asked them what they were doing, the stationmaster replied, 'Didn't you know? The Bloody Disease is coming tomorrow for an inspection.'"
327:(for Victorian National Resources Development). These trains served to link up businessmen with primary producers and develop entrepreneurial relationships, as well as educate farmers on the latest developments and best practices in agricultural science.
638:
The Second World War, in generating greatly increased rail traffic through the shipment of men, munitions and supplies around the country, exposed the inefficiency of a national rail system built on several systems built to different gauges. Multiple
402:
Clapp focused on accelerating timetables, in many cases achieving considerable savings (and even more considerable favourable publicity for Victorian Railways) simply through better utilisation of existing technology. He introduced Victoria's first
551:
built in the late 19th century for reasons of political expediency rather than economic merit, challenges that were to bedevil Clapp's successors. The VR only turned a profit in two of the nearly twenty years that he was at its helm.
524:
The train was truly world class, running non-stop along its entire 190.5-mile (306.5 km) length at an average speed of 52 mph (83 km/h) between Albury and Melbourne, a speed comparable to that of the legendary
130:(7 May 1875 – 21 October 1952) was a transport administrator who over the course of thirty years had a profound effect on Australia's railway network. In two decades as its Chairman of Commissioners, he revolutionised
516:
was based on entirely pragmatic considerations. In an age before interstate air travel was common, politicians and heads of industry rode between Australia's two largest capital cities and the national capital
134:, with unprecedented attention to customer service and innovations such as more powerful locomotives, air-conditioned carriages, and faster services culminating in the introduction of the flagship
1373:
264:
Clapp enjoyed cordial relations with his staff, union officials, and was fortunate to have the support of highly capable Railways Ministers from both sides of politics, including future
1283:
739:
in 1982, followed by the standardisation of South Australia's non-metropolitan broad gauge network and most of the broad gauge network in western Victoria in 1995, including the main
1180:
521:
by train. The upgrade of the service was then a smart investment in promoting the Victorian Railways brand and its reputation to the nation's most powerful and influential people.
364:
locomotives available, there was far less development of new passenger locomotives during the Clapp era. Even so, the two classes that were ordered during his time (the 3-cylinder
290:, his concern for workers' conditions was genuine and he was personally responsible for improvements such as better sanitation facilities and the provision of decent cafeterias at
693:
compromised the ability of the railways to support the war effort and required upwards of 1,600 men at various break-of-gauge points to transfer cargo from one train to another.
774:
under its own power. The elderly Harold Clapp climbed into the cab of locomotive B 60 and sat at the controls, and was honoured by having the new locomotive named after him.
763:
In September 1951 Clapp resigned for health reasons but continued to act as a consultant to the Department of Shipping and Transport. On 14 July 1952 the first of the
696:
Clapp submitted a national rail plan for the complete conversion of the Victorian and South Australian broad-gauge networks to standard gauge, the conversion of the
467:
to allow unimpeded progress from one track section to the next, and design improvements to the existing A2 class locomotive fleet to increase power and efficiency.
319:
greater than simply the provision of transport. To this end, he introduced two special trains with the aim of developing the rural economy of Victoria, the
1388:
1363:
588:
1117:...the former Cats star and last Geelong premiership coach, who was known as the Geelong Flyer after the express Geelong-Melbourne train of his youth...
700:
and south-east South Australian narrow gauge lines to standard gauge, and the linking of Perth to Kalgoorlie by a new standard gauge link, at a cost of
421:
locomotive of 1907 design. In 1935 Clapp raised the maximum line speed limit on Victorian Railways from 60 to 70 mph (96 to 112 km/h) and the
1368:
603:
1334:
Screensound Australia archive of the launch of Spirit of Progress; Harold Clapp is seen addressing the crowd before Premier Dunstan launches the train
572:
In May 1939, with the outbreak of World War II imminent, Clapp was seconded by then Prime Minister Robert Menzies to become general manager of the
1058:
631:
Government to co-ordinate Commonwealth and State road and rail transport. In 1944, he was asked to prepare a report on the standardisation of
1291:
1378:
1188:
724:
Clapp's report was used in 1956 as a basis for further recommendations by the Government Members Rail Standardisation Committee chaired by
348:
heavy goods locomotive of 1918, as well as introducing three new classes of locomotive which proved to be of highly successful design, the
1284:"Linking a Nation: Australia's transport and communications 1788–1970 – Chapter 10: Mobility Culture in mid-twentieth century Australia"
1129:
240:
appointed Clapp as Chairman of the Commissioners of Victorian Railways in September 1920 on the recommendation of former Chairman Sir
725:
1393:
1383:
434:
49:
1237:
833:
387:
770:, which were to revolutionise train operations in Victoria, was delivered to the VR and travelled from NSW to Melbourne's
731:
Another key element of Clapp's 1945 proposal was delivered, at least in part, with the standardisation of the broad gauge
984:
764:
220:
1337:
584:
by which time production had shifted to Beaufighter fighter-bomber, of which 364 were completed by the end of the war.
192:
1181:"Linking a Nation: Australia's transport and communications 1788–1970 – Chapter 8: The Rise of Civil Aviation to 1970"
1026:
1267:
1007:
532:
215:. By 1920, he was a Vice President of the Southern Pacific, as well as the Columbus Railway Power and Light Co and
1059:"VPRS 12800/P1 H 1667 – PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE VICTORIA – A2 CLASS STEAM LOCOMOTIVE No.906 GEELONG FLIER FIRST TRIP"
320:
203:. On 19 September 1906 at Providence, Rhode Island, he married Gertrude Vivien, daughter of Judge Arthur Noel of
963:
771:
732:
623:, where passengers disembarked from broad gauge trains from Melbourne to board standard gauge trains to Sydney.
391:
166:
573:
386:
Clapp also oversaw the introduction of important innovations in alternative motive power. These included the
616:
17:
491:
In 1934, Clapp toured Europe and North America to investigate new developments in rail technology such as
580:
bombers in Australia. He was made chairman of the new Aircraft Production Commission in March next year.
418:
361:
272:
127:
39:
891:
1232:
767:
740:
464:
369:
365:
357:
353:
349:
345:
536:
380:
1155:
1062:
710:
237:
212:
99:
535:. Harold Clapp's personal involvement in its design and construction was all-encompassing, from the
736:
460:
456:
174:
78:
527:
414:
196:
170:
141:
1210:
1331:
620:
335:
929:
1133:
1084:
565:
430:
429:
was reflected by the train's name entering the local lexicon as a metaphor for speed; former
200:
1290:. Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. 24 April 2008. Archived from
1187:. Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. 24 April 2008. Archived from
1358:
1353:
759:, on its delivery run to Melbourne is passed by one of Clapp's earlier S class streamliners
455:
more convenient 7:00pm), achieved at very moderate cost simply through the introduction of
283:
425:
subsequently ran to Geelong on a 55-minute timetable. The public relations success of the
8:
576:
of the Commonwealth Department of Supply and Development, overseeing the construction of
265:
234:
1215:
1111:
505:
268:
244:, who had known Clapp prior to his move to the United States. With an annual salary of
169:
owner Francis Boardman Clapp and wife Isabella Pinnock, née Pierce. He was educated at
158:
136:
131:
105:
63:
865:
1263:
1003:
959:
829:
697:
492:
291:
241:
182:
1313:
Laird, Phillip (December 1995). "Sir Harold Clapp's 1945 Report – Fifty Years On".
701:
592:
577:
245:
188:
979:
Tiffany, Carrie (10 November 2005). "In Conversation" (Interview). Interviewed by
438:
187:
In 1900 Clapp left for the United States of America, first obtaining work at the
627:
In February 1942, Clapp was appointed Director-General of Land Transport by the
980:
678:
640:
611:
275:
249:
208:
499:
service into the all-steel, all-air-conditioned, non-stop, high-speed express
1347:
718:
409:
1033:
652:
475:
450:
178:
690:
632:
628:
548:
500:
404:
287:
162:
146:
607:
Clapp's 1945 proposals for standardisation of Australia's railway gauges
560:
394:
to provide faster, more cost effective services than steam locomotives.
181:
Engineering Co. and later taking charge of motive power in his father's
1260:
Back on Track: Rethinking Transport Policy in Australia and New Zealand
495:. On his return, he began work on his ultimate project, upgrade of the
324:
958:. Dural, New South Wales: Rosenberg Publishing Pty Ltd. p. 177.
360:
heavy goods locomotive of 1929. With a large fleet of relatively new
872:. National Centre of Biography at the Australian National University
372:
classes) were of unprecedented size, power and technical innovation.
956:
Australian Railwayman: from cadet engineer to railways commissioner
714:
540:
518:
437:
was nicknamed "The Geelong Flier"; and even in 2005 current player
216:
204:
1109:"GEELONG GREAT: Bob Davis with the newly-restored Geelong Flyer".
1340:
A biography of Harold Clapp, written from a Christian perspective
313:
339:
Victorian Railways Petrol Electric railmotor, introduced in 1928
1374:
Australian Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
413:
in May 1926, which cut the journey time between Melbourne and
302:
lost another excuse for being late for work in the mornings."
1230:
Burke, David (February 2000). "Clapp's North South Railway".
751:
307:
417:
to just one hour, using existing rolling stock hauled by an
390:
electric suburban goods locomotives and the introduction of
256:
chalet, and creches to bakeries and raisin bread marketing.
1257:
866:"Clapp, Sir Harold Winthrop (1875–1952) Biographical Entry"
1258:
Laird, P.; Newman, P.; Kenworthy, J.; Bachels, M. (2001).
441:
was said to "run like the Geelong Flier of yesteryear".
1032:. Australian Railway Historical Society. Archived from
595:"or public services in the Commonwealth of Australia."
379:
electric lighting on VR locomotives and the fitting of
1156:"1928 Country Passenger timetables pages 35 & 36"
935:. Public Transport Users' Association. November 2001
598:
709:from Queensland rather than extending the existing
589:
Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire
512:Clapp's decision to invest considerable funds into
110:
Director-General, Commonwealth Land Transport Board
1338:"Only Ten Percent Iron": Sir Harold Winthrop Clapp
356:light-lines locomotives of 1922 and 1925, and the
1317:. Australian Railway Historical Society: 363–382.
910:
735:line connecting Adelaide to the transcontinental
177:schools, before serving an apprenticeship at the
1345:
199:of the West Jersey and Seashore division of the
1061:. Public Record Office Victoria. Archived from
152:
555:
1027:"100 defining aspects of Australian railways"
1332:Spirit of Progress: Australia's Wonder Train
330:
229:
1389:Australian expatriates in the United States
1253:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1219:(Supplement). 31 December 1940. p. 16.
859:
857:
855:
853:
851:
849:
847:
845:
1364:People educated at Brighton Grammar School
863:
248:5,000, Clapp was Australia's highest-paid
1369:20th-century American railroad executives
1077:
1021:
1019:
870:Australian Dictionary of Biography Online
778:reputation they had never known before".
306:behind my back. My brother has a farm at
1244:
1209:
842:
750:
610:
602:
568:near the New Guinea coast in early 1945.
559:
474:
334:
195:, and among other work was in charge of
978:
828:. Melbourne University Publishing Ltd.
746:
14:
1346:
1016:
997:
819:
817:
815:
813:
811:
397:
1312:
1238:Australian Railway Historical Society
1229:
953:
809:
807:
805:
803:
801:
799:
797:
795:
793:
791:
470:
167:Melbourne Tramway and Omnibus Company
615:The break-of-gauge platform for the
314:The "Reso" and Better Farming Trains
282:soldiers". Although his approach to
1379:Australian people in rail transport
1132:. 21 September 2007. Archived from
1002:. Melbourne: ARHS. pp. 12–14.
991:
922:
916:
823:
259:
221:East St. Louis and Suburban Railway
175:Melbourne Church of England Grammar
24:
864:Adam-Smith, Patsy (3 April 2007).
826:The Railways of Victoria 1854–2004
788:
643:points across the country between
27:Australian transport administrator
25:
1405:
1325:
1000:North Williamstown Railway Museum
599:Commonwealth Land Transport Board
539:connecting the carriages to the
533:London and North Eastern Railway
48:
1306:
1276:
1223:
1203:
1173:
1148:
1122:
1102:
1051:
140:express train. Seconded to the
1394:Public servants from Melbourne
1384:People from St Kilda, Victoria
972:
947:
884:
298:cleaning product of the time.
193:Interborough Rapid Transit Co.
161:, Harold Clapp was the son of
13:
1:
781:
755:Locomotive B 60, later named
564:Four Australian Beauforts of
998:Pearce; et al. (1980).
898:. Museum Victoria, Australia
574:Aircraft Construction Branch
153:Early life and career abroad
7:
1288:Australian Heritage Council
1262:. UNSW Press. p. 189.
1185:Australian Heritage Council
768:diesel electric locomotives
556:Wartime aviation production
273:Prime Minister of Australia
191:He was then engaged by the
104:Chairman of Commissioners,
10:
1410:
1130:"Premiership Players Club"
741:Melbourne-Adelaide railway
483:headed by locomotive S301
165:coach operator and future
36:Sir Harold Winthrop Clapp
954:Fitch, Ronald J. (2006).
711:Central Australia Railway
331:Motive power improvements
230:Victorian Railways career
213:Southern Pacific Railroad
183:Brisbane Tramway Co. Ltd.
125:Sir Harold Winthrop Clapp
114:
100:Southern Pacific Railroad
94:
86:
71:
56:
47:
34:
687:5 ft 3 in
649:3 ft 6 in
617:Sydney–Melbourne railway
457:Automatic Staff Exchange
79:East Melbourne, Victoria
772:Spencer Street station
760:
624:
608:
587:Clapp was appointed a
569:
488:
340:
207:. In 1908 he moved to
1160:victorianrailways.net
1089:victorianrailways.net
754:
614:
606:
566:No. 100 Squadron RAAF
563:
478:
431:Geelong Football Club
338:
201:Pennsylvania Railroad
930:"It's time to move!"
892:"Victorian Railways"
824:Lee, Robert (2007).
747:Retirement and death
737:Sydney–Perth railway
321:Better Farming Train
284:industrial relations
189:General Electric Co.
145:cities by a uniform
485:Sir Thomas Mitchell
398:Improved timetables
286:has been judged as
266:Premier of Victoria
1216:The London Gazette
1112:Geelong Advertiser
761:
625:
609:
591:(KBE) in the 1941
570:
514:Spirit of Progress
506:Spirit of Progress
493:diesel locomotives
489:
481:Spirit of Progress
471:Spirit of Progress
459:equipment between
341:
159:St Kilda, Victoria
142:Federal Government
137:Spirit of Progress
132:Victorian Railways
106:Victorian Railways
64:St Kilda, Victoria
835:978-0-522-85134-2
726:William Wentworth
698:Silverton Tramway
543:interior design.
292:Newport Workshops
242:Thomas James Tait
122:
121:
42:
16:(Redirected from
1401:
1319:
1318:
1310:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1255:
1242:
1241:
1227:
1221:
1220:
1207:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1065:on 6 August 2008
1055:
1049:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1038:
1031:
1023:
1014:
1013:
995:
989:
988:
976:
970:
969:
951:
945:
944:
942:
940:
934:
926:
920:
914:
908:
907:
905:
903:
888:
882:
881:
879:
877:
861:
840:
839:
821:
688:
684:
676:
674:
673:
669:
666:
658:
650:
646:
593:New Year Honours
578:Bristol Beaufort
446:Adelaide Express
375:
260:Management style
226:
171:Brighton Grammar
98:Vice President,
52:
38:
32:
31:
21:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1399:
1398:
1344:
1343:
1328:
1323:
1322:
1311:
1307:
1297:
1295:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1270:
1256:
1245:
1228:
1224:
1208:
1204:
1194:
1192:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1164:
1162:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1139:
1137:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1115:. 21 May 2006.
1108:
1107:
1103:
1093:
1091:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1068:
1066:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1042:
1040:
1039:on 16 July 2011
1036:
1029:
1025:
1024:
1017:
1010:
996:
992:
977:
973:
966:
952:
948:
938:
936:
932:
928:
927:
923:
915:
911:
901:
899:
890:
889:
885:
875:
873:
862:
843:
836:
822:
789:
784:
757:Harold W. Clapp
749:
686:
682:
671:
667:
664:
662:
661:4 ft
660:
656:
648:
644:
601:
558:
531:service of the
528:Flying Scotsman
473:
444:Similarly, the
439:David Wojcinski
400:
373:
333:
316:
262:
232:
224:
211:and joined the
197:electrification
155:
118:Gertrude Vivien
108:
102:
82:
76:
75:21 October 1952
67:
61:
43:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1407:
1397:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1342:
1341:
1335:
1327:
1326:External links
1324:
1321:
1320:
1305:
1294:on 28 May 2008
1275:
1268:
1243:
1222:
1202:
1191:on 28 May 2008
1172:
1147:
1136:on 6 July 2011
1121:
1101:
1076:
1050:
1015:
1008:
990:
985:Radio National
981:Robyn Williams
971:
964:
946:
921:
919:, p. 146.
909:
883:
841:
834:
786:
785:
783:
780:
748:
745:
679:standard gauge
641:break-of-gauge
635:in Australia.
621:Albury station
600:
597:
557:
554:
497:Sydney Limited
472:
469:
399:
396:
332:
329:
315:
312:
276:Robert Menzies
261:
258:
250:public servant
231:
228:
209:Columbus, Ohio
154:
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120:
119:
116:
112:
111:
96:
92:
91:
88:
84:
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69:
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35:
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3:
2:
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1367:
1365:
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1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1316:
1315:ARHS Bulletin
1309:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1279:
1271:
1269:0-86840-411-X
1265:
1261:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1239:
1235:
1234:
1233:ARHS Bulletin
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1218:
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1212:
1206:
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1135:
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1125:
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1009:0-85849-018-8
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1034:the original
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653:narrow gauge
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179:Austral Otis
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1359:1952 deaths
1354:1875 births
1211:"No. 35029"
691:broad gauge
501:streamliner
405:named train
392:rail motors
271:and future
163:Cobb and Co
147:track gauge
87:Nationality
81:, Australia
66:, Australia
1348:Categories
965:1877058483
782:References
713:link from
465:Serviceton
325:Reso Train
90:Australian
60:7 May 1875
435:Bob Davis
269:John Cain
1240:: 43–49.
917:Lee 2007
715:Adelaide
675: in
541:Art Deco
519:Canberra
461:Ballarat
419:A2 class
362:A2 class
323:and the
217:Illinois
205:Brisbane
157:Born in
765:B class
670:⁄
487:in 1938
433:player
415:Geelong
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388:E class
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358:X class
354:N class
350:K class
346:C class
235:Premier
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115:Spouse
1094:4 May
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427:Flier
423:Flier
308:Ouyen
1300:2008
1264:ISBN
1197:2008
1167:2008
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960:ISBN
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717:to
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