779:
259:. His parents—Pablo de la Cruz and Juana Andres—were peasants and devout Catholics. Apolinario de la Cruz was literate, but stated that he had no formal education. Despite that, it is very likely that he received primary religious instruction and attended the local public primary school in Lucban. In 1829, he decided to become a priest and tried to join the
643:
from joining without Pule's permission. This made De Oraá believe that it was a seditious organization where religion was used as a cover for potential insurgence against
Spanish authorities. De Oraá then recommended Pule's dismissal from San Juan de Dios Hospital and had the
48:
705:
When the news of the Ortega's defeat reached the
Governor-General, better-armed reinforcements from Manila were sent to Tayabas. On November 1, 1841, Col. Joaquín Huet arrived in Tayabas with 800 to 1,000 soldiers. They initially offered amnesty to the members of the
2058:
Diestro, Dwight David; Boro-Magbanua, Ma. Reina; Mata, Roberto; Ybiernas, Vicente Angel (2001). "Ilang tala tungkol sa buhay, kasaysayan, at pamana ni
Hermano Puli". In Diestro, Dwight David A.; Navarro, Atoy M.; Palad, Ryan V. (eds.).
722:
fighters were made to believe that they were invulnerable to enemy bullets, and that angels from Heaven would come down and help them in battle, and finally the ground would open up and swallow the enemy troops. The battle between the
922:
was applied to all the cults and insurgent groups characterized by Roman
Catholic devotion, folk superstition, and hero worship. Some of these groups are still active today in various provinces in the Philippines.
1031:
required all native
Filipinos to adopt Hispanic surnames in 1849. Prior to that decree, many Filipinos did not use surnames. Despite this, Manuel F. Martinez is certain that Pule's family did not belong to the
2244:
Palad, Ryan (2001a). "Kasaysayan ng pag-aaklas ng rehimentong
Tayabas 1843 at pananaw sa pag-usbong ng kamalayang Quezonian". In Diestro, Dwight David A.; Navarro, Atoy M.; Palad, Ryan V. (eds.).
1454:
2097:
Francisco, Jose Mario (2006). "Christianity as church and story and the birth of the
Filipino nation in the nineteenth century". In Gilley, Sheridan; Stanley, Brian (eds.).
2263:
Palad, Ryan (2001b). "Samu't saring kontrobersya sa buhay, kasaysayan at pamana ni
Hermano Puli". In Diestro, Dwight David A.; Navarro, Atoy M.; Palad, Ryan V. (eds.).
1173:
1972:
211:
refused to admit native
Filipinos as members. In retaliation, Pule established his own religious order that was exclusive for native Filipinos. During its peak, the
1064:
wrote that Pule's head was "hung in front of his parents' house in Lucban" and his hands and feet were "hung inside cages and placed in the guardhouses of
Tayabas".
2342:
2170:
1073:
Entries to the Palanca competition are previously unpublished pieces in their manuscript form. Hence, the play won the award before its first performance.
1262:
267:(native people of the Philippines) from joining, thus De la Cruz's application was rejected for the sole reason of his race. He then decided to work as a
1060:
reports that Pule's head was "stored in a cage for public view as it was put on top of a pole stuck along the roadside leading to Majayjay town". While
504:
Pule decided to have the cofradía recognized by the colonial government and the Catholic Church. He first sought recognition and authorization from the
1286:
1911:
2347:
1846:
1135:
1057:
1004:
783:
1007:. Another estimate is July 23, 1814 by Tayabas historian Ryan Palad, for the reason that Hermano Pule (Apolinario de la Cruz) was named after St.
1127:
1003:
published Hermano Pule's date of birth as July 22, 1815 based on Pule's baptismal record dated July 23, 1815. This is the date recognized by the
766:—Octavio Ygnacio "Purgatorio" de San Jorge, Dionisio de los Reyes, Francisco Espinosa de la Cruz, Gregorio Miguel de Jesus, and around 200 other
1876:
834:' Tayabas Regiment stationed in Manila, led by Sergeant Irineo Samaniego, rose in mutiny in retaliation for the November 1841 massacre of the
2312:
659:
members that evaded capture. Anticipating an imminent attack, Pule and Purgatorio rallied 4,000 followers at Barrio Isabang on the slopes of
957:
was written by Rosauro de la Cruz and was first performed in 1975. It won the first prize for the one-act play in Filipino category of the
690:
was able to resist the attack, which resulted in the deaths of Ortega and many of his men. Pule then transferred his camp to Alitao, near
2302:
1813:
915:
204:
1477:
346:
648:
outlawed in July 1841, ordering its disbandment and the arrests of its members. Pule immediately went into hiding to avoid capture.
446:
and fiestas. The monthly Mass was held in the parish church of Lucban, and was facilitated by the parish priest, Fr. Manuel Sancho.
2327:
896:, who lived in the vicinity of Mount San Cristobal and Mount Banahaw, continued with their religious activities and were known as
394:
276:
1027:
believed that Hermano Pule's family was well-established in the community, due to their use of surnames before Governor-General
1011:, whose feast is on July 23. Other estimates include: July 31, 1815 by David Reeves Sturtevant, year 1814 by Reynaldo Ileto and
2362:
2272:
2253:
2234:
2211:
2188:
2156:
2110:
2087:
2068:
2048:
2022:
1473:
596:
505:
231:, an attack that was resisted by Hermano Pule and his followers on October 23, 1841. However, more troops were sent and the
2129:
1933:
1161:
576:
83:
1964:
822:
had committed an ecclesiastical offense for conducting religious activities without the approval of the Catholic Church.
629:
747:
but was captured by Colonel Huet's forces the following evening. On November 4, 1841, after a summary trial held at the
727:
and the government forces lasted four hours. Three to five hundred men, women, elders, and children were killed on the
565:, ordered the release of the prisoners, reasoning that it was an ecclesiastical matter. Afterwards, in early 1841, the
200:
235:
was finally quelled by the colonial military forces on November 1, 1841. Pule was then captured, tried, and executed.
2322:
2317:
2307:
2148:
584:
477:
s existence until 1840. However, as early as 1833, Filipino priests have noticed their activities in the vicinity of
342:
2221:
Miranda, Evelyn A. (2008). "Marianisation in the Philippines". In Poddar, Prem; Patke, Rajeev; Jensen, Lars (eds.).
1047:
Alternative forms of his name: "Octavio Ignacio de San Jorge", "Octavio Ignacio San Jorge", and "Octabio San Jorge".
436:
met on the 19th of each month in honor of Saint Joseph, whose feast is 19 March. They also paid monthly fees of one
803:
blamed De Oraá for his failure to consult them prior to sending troops, and his order to give no quarter to the
632:
1259:
1028:
842:
and held it for a few hours, but were defeated the next day. Eighty-two mutineers were immediately executed on
287:. During this time, he improved his public speaking and studied the Bible along with other religious writings.
1296:
2337:
1899:
500:
of conducting heretical activities. Due to religious persecution and the increasing number of its members,
1843:
2332:
911:
2226:
2102:
668:
1139:
807:
fighters. Meanwhile, Governor-General De Oraá blamed Colonel Huet for allegedly exceeding his orders.
52:
Image of Hermano Pule, courtesy of Ryan Palad, head of the Tayabas Studies and Creative Writing Center
752:
334:
1868:
2357:
510:
227:. Fearing an armed rebellion, the Spanish colonial government sent military forces to suppress the
617:
389:
Pule's permission as a form of retaliation against the Church for discriminating against natives.
2352:
338:
2267:(in Filipino). Quezon City: Limbagang Pangkasaysayan & Tayabas Publication. pp. 65–77.
2248:(in Filipino). Quezon City: Limbagang Pangkasaysayan & Tayabas Publication. pp. 85–99.
2063:(in Filipino). Quezon City: Limbagang Pangkasaysayan & Tayabas Publication. pp. 41–64.
735:
escaped to the forests and were not pursued. Only eleven were wounded on the government's side.
1008:
811:
699:
591:
members. He also challenged the friars' authority to perform such acts because the aims of the
2014:
1821:
1169:
906:
877:, Hermano Pule, and Octavio Ygnacio "Purgatorio" de San Jorge. The activities of the revived
438:
196:
748:
613:, who endorsed it to Fr. Antonio Mateo and Fr. Manuel Sancho, who rejected Pule's petition.
397:
and regularly corresponded with his followers through letters, which were read aloud to the
2297:
2292:
2040:
874:
831:
318:
778:
8:
1291:
958:
580:
478:
330:
252:
172:
2180:
2223:
A Historical Companion to Postcolonial Literatures – Continental Europe and its Empires
2032:
260:
814:
officially reprimanded Governor-General De Oraá. The court affirmed that Pule and the
595:
were never against the Catholic faith. On January 29, 1841, Pule sent a letter to the
333:
Pule). The brotherhood fostered the practice of Christian virtues centered around the
2268:
2249:
2230:
2207:
2184:
2152:
2141:
2125:
2106:
2083:
2064:
2044:
2018:
2003:
1998:
1061:
1000:
410:
356:
311:
Hermandad de la Archi-Cofradía del Glorioso Señor San José y de la Virgen del Rosario
224:
1941:
759:. His dismembered head, hands, and feet were exhibited throughout Tayabas province.
425:
Octavio Ygnacio "Purgatorio" de San Jorge and Br. Ciriaco delos Santos, who was the
2037:
A history of the Philippines: From the Spanish colonization to the Second World War
931:
886:
796:
579:
José Seguí in Manila rebuking the acts of the Tayabas friars, and accusing them of
256:
208:
168:
163:
1850:
1266:
635:. The Governor-General personally reviewed the petition and was disturbed by the
558:
533:
492:
s monthly masses and fees, thus Fr. Manuel Sancho stopped holding Masses for the
368:
731:
side. Afterwards, 500 were taken prisoner, including 300 women. The rest of the
508:
but his request was denied. Not discouraged, he then sought the approval of the
2166:
1076:
980:
961:
950:
695:
605:
443:
306:
87:
1034:
2286:
1024:
1012:
839:
756:
718:
leaders promised their followers of victory through divine intervention. The
660:
482:
372:
351:
326:
309:
Br. Ciriaco de los Santos and 19 other individuals from Tayabas, founded the
184:
2176:
1934:"The Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature | Winners 1972"
488:
In 1840, Fr. Antonio Mateo, the vicar of Tayabas, became suspicious of the
314:
188:
22:
2203:
942:
A monument to Hermano Pule now stands on the city boundary of Tayabas and
881:
ended in 1871 when Labios and his followers were captured and banished to
2099:
The Cambridge History of Christianity: World Christianities c.1815–c.1914
2010:
1469:
926:
Beginning in the 1930s, the colloquial meaning in the Philippines behind
682:
Joaquín Ortega, with orders from Manila, led 300 men in an attack on the
664:
652:
528:
272:
849:
976:
843:
710:, with the exception of Hermano Pule and other senior leaders, but the
329:
of St. Joseph). He then became known to his followers as Hermano Pule (
2143:
Pasyon and Revolution: Popular Movements in the Philippines, 1840-1910
795:
The 1841 Alitao massacre became a public controversy in Manila, where
263:
in Manila. During those times, Roman Catholic religious orders barred
517:
In addition to the accusations of heresy, there was a rumor that the
454:
364:
220:
1910:(1). Quezon City, Philippines: Ateneo de Manila University: 5–36.
930:
became extended to any illegal activity, notably the unregistered
790:
882:
869:('Prophet and Pope') Juanario Labios. The members of the revived
744:
691:
616:
In June 1841, with the help of influential supporters (including
610:
522:
458:
381:
105:
26:
2057:
1724:
1676:
1576:
1549:
1501:
1317:
1211:
569:
transferred to Majayjay, hometown of "Purgatorio" de San Jorge.
955:"Ang Unang Pagtatanghal ng 'Ang Huling Pasyon ni Hermano Pule'"
943:
545:
members and confiscated their cash box, two large portraits of
360:
248:
244:
216:
108:, Tayabas, Captaincy General of the Philippines, Spanish Empire
79:
75:
47:
873:
claimed to have witnessed the alleged joint apparition of the
818:
had no political motives. However, they acknowledged that the
537:
of Lucban, who ordered a raid on October 19, 1840, during the
946:. His death anniversary, November 4, is a holiday in Quezon.
901:
628:
to be recognized. This letter was forwarded to the office of
1965:"'Hermano Puli,' this year's 'Heneral Luna,' opens Sept. 21"
603:
was not against canon law. The letter was forwarded to the
179:), was a Filipino religious leader who founded and led the
2124:(1st ed.). Manila: REX Book Store. pp. 122–123.
2082:(1st ed.). Manila: REX Book Store. pp. 106–107.
799:
criticizing the government's actions were circulated. The
651:
In September 1841, Hermano Pule traveled from Manila to
313:(Brotherhood of the Great Sodality of the Glorious Lord
1462:
Asian Studies: Journal of Critical Perspectives on Asia
782:
Historical marker installed in Tayabas, Quezon, by the
714:
refused. Prior to Colonel Huet's arrival, Pule and the
2080:
Struggle for Freedom: A Textbook on Philippine History
451:
Cofradía del Sr. San José i voto del Santísimo Rosario
355:(talismans). Most of its adherents were from Tayabas,
247:
Pandác in the town of Lucban in Tayabas province (now
302:
In December 1832, 18-year-old De la Cruz, along with
283:, a brotherhood affiliated with the hospital open to
1900:"Contemporary Philippine drama: The liveliest voice"
1572:
1570:
243:
Apolinario de la Cruz was born on July 22, 1815, in
154:(July 22, 1815 – November 4, 1841), better known as
770:prisoners—were also executed the same day as Pule.
694:town, where his followers crowned him "King of the
2140:
2002:
465:had grown to an estimated 4,500 to 5,000 members.
2172:In Our Image: America's Empire in the Philippines
1670:
1567:
1136:National Historical Commission of the Philippines
1128:"193rd Birth Anniversary of Apolinario Dela Cruz"
1005:National Historical Commission of the Philippines
983:as Hermano Puli, was released in September 2016.
825:
784:National Historical Commission of the Philippines
549:Pule depicted as a saint, and his letters to the
531:friars of Tayabas passed this information to the
215:had 4,500 to 5,000 members from the provinces of
2284:
755:at age 26. The Spanish authorities had his body
738:
541:s monthly meeting. The authorities arrested 243
1633:
1631:
791:Public reaction and Supreme Court investigation
561:Joaquín Ortega, whose wife was a member of the
1618:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1239:
1237:
2013:, Philippines: GAROTECH Publishing. pp.
1126:Palafox, Quennie Ann J. (September 6, 2012).
910:('unto the ages of ages'), which was used at
2343:People from the Spanish colonial Philippines
1628:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1387:
1385:
1207:
1205:
1203:
473:The Spanish authorities were unaware of the
2031:
1940:. Carlos Palanca Foundation. Archived from
1759:
1757:
1660:
1658:
1622:
1601:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1448:
1446:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1234:
751:in Tayabas town, he was tortured and later
195:was established in 1832 in response to the
1495:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
297:
46:
2096:
1997:
1897:
1418:
1397:
1391:
1382:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1258:Mallari, D. T., Jr. (November 13, 2014).
1200:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
2348:People executed by Spain by firing squad
2197:
1867:Mallari, Delfin Jr. (November 3, 2015).
1799:
1775:
1754:
1736:
1688:
1655:
1637:
1582:
1561:
1537:
1519:
1513:
1452:
1443:
1323:
1260:Local hero remembered in Quezon ceremony
1243:
1194:
777:
2220:
1975:from the original on September 20, 2016
1866:
1437:
1424:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1281:
1279:
1217:
1125:
773:
449:In 1837, the confraternity was renamed
290:
2285:
2262:
2243:
2165:
2119:
1962:
1811:
1787:
1712:
1706:
1376:
1363:
1228:
1162:"English < > Spanish Dictionary"
1092:
810:After investigating the massacre, the
16:19th-century Filipino religious leader
2138:
1963:Tabora, Brylle (September 19, 2016).
1763:
1748:
1700:
1664:
1649:
1595:
1525:
1474:University of the Philippines Diliman
1334:
1254:
1252:
969:Ang Hapis at Himagsik ni Hermano Puli
345:. They also incorporated elements of
162:
2313:Filipino Christian religious leaders
2077:
1956:
1879:from the original on August 11, 2017
1844:Binay to lead rites for Hermano Pule
1357:
1340:
1276:
865:was revived under the leadership of
830:On January 20, 1843, members of the
496:. Mateo and Sancho then accused the
84:Captaincy General of the Philippines
2120:Halili, Maria Christine N. (2004).
2101:. Vol. 8. Cambridge, England:
1914:from the original on August 3, 2017
1176:from the original on August 3, 2017
698:". By that time, he had considered
639:s rule that excluded Spaniards and
620:), Pule again sent a letter to the
442:to cover the cost of their monthly
429:s treasurer and spiritual adviser.
13:
2303:Catholic Church in the Philippines
1455:"The Colorum Uprisings: 1924-1931"
1249:
973:The Agony and Fury of Brother Puli
846:, while the rest were imprisoned.
575:Pule immediately sent a letter to
557:(provincial governor) of Tayabas,
201:Catholic Church in the Philippines
14:
2374:
2149:Ateneo de Manila University Press
838:members. They managed to capture
405:members also found time to visit
197:racially discriminatory practices
2206:, Philippines: MFM Enterprises.
2139:Ileto, Reynaldo Clemeña (1979).
937:
671:also allied themselves with the
251:) back when the Philippines was
2328:Filipino paramilitary personnel
1990:
1926:
1891:
1869:"Quezon holiday for local hero"
1860:
1842:Otordoz, B. M.(2015, July 19).
1836:
1812:Rivero, Angel (March 7, 2012).
1805:
1793:
1781:
1769:
1742:
1730:
1718:
1694:
1682:
1643:
1555:
1543:
1531:
1507:
1311:
1295:. June 29, 2015. Archived from
1067:
1050:
1041:
1015:, and year 1815 by David Sweet.
743:Pule fled to Barrio Gibanga in
2005:History of the Filipino People
1453:Guerrero, Milagros C. (1967).
1188:
1154:
1058:National Historical Commission
1018:
993:
826:Mutiny of the Tayabas Regiment
468:
393:Pule continued to work at the
1:
1472:, Philippines: Asian Center,
1086:
892:The surviving members of the
739:Capture, trial, and execution
527:of Camarines and Laguna. The
279:where he was admitted to the
238:
2363:19th-century Filipino people
2200:A History of Quezon Province
2198:Martinez, Manuel F. (1999).
1056:Quennie Ann Palafox of the
986:
633:Marcelino de Oraá Lecumberri
281:Cofradía de San Juan de Dios
25:, the first or paternal
7:
1849:September 14, 2016, at the
914:to end prayers. During the
786:to commemorate Hermano Pule
521:was planning to murder the
453:and evangelized in Lucban,
349:beliefs such as the use of
10:
2379:
2265:Hermano Puli sa Kasaysayan
2246:Hermano Puli sa Kasaysayan
2227:Edinburgh University Press
2103:Cambridge University Press
2061:Hermano Puli sa Kasaysayan
1898:Fernandez, Doreen (1983).
20:
2078:Duka, Cecilio D. (2008).
1969:Philippine Daily Inquirer
1873:Philippine Daily Inquirer
1271:Philippine Daily Inquirer
1265:November 8, 2016, at the
762:The other leaders of the
686:s camp. The 4,000-strong
514:but he was also ignored.
395:San Juan de Dios Hospital
379:prohibited Spaniards and
277:San Juan de Dios Hospital
138:
130:
113:
94:
57:
45:
38:
2323:Filipino Roman Catholics
2318:Filipino revolutionaries
2308:Executed Filipino people
1820:. Manila. Archived from
1814:"Conquering the Colorum"
753:executed by firing squad
1476:: 65–78. Archived from
932:public utility vehicles
597:Bishop of Nueva Cáceres
506:Bishop of Nueva Caceres
339:Saint Francis of Assisi
298:Formation and expansion
205:Spanish colonial period
1287:"Who is Hermano Puli?"
1009:Apollinaris of Ravenna
900:, a corruption of the
854:and the origin of the
812:Supreme Court of Spain
787:
164:[eɾˈmanopuˈle]
1170:University of Granada
916:American colonial era
907:in saecula saeculorum
781:
678:On October 23, 1841,
385:from joining without
367:, and some were from
253:an overseas territory
152:Apolinario de la Cruz
62:Apolinario de la Cruz
2229:. pp. 567–568.
2105:. pp. 533–534.
2043:. pp. 135–137.
2041:Monthly Review Press
1938:palancaawards.com.ph
967:The historical film
894:Cofradía de San José
875:Virgin of the Rosary
863:Cofradía de San José
832:Spanish Armed Forces
774:Aftermath and legacy
417:Pule's absence, the
323:Cofradía de San José
319:Virgin of the Rosary
292:Cofradía de San José
181:Cofradía de San José
175:Pule"; also spelled
143:Cofradía de San José
2338:People from Tayabas
2033:Constantino, Renato
1944:on October 22, 2009
1818:The Philippine Star
1725:Diestro et al. 2001
1677:Diestro et al. 2001
1577:Diestro et al. 2001
1550:Diestro et al. 2001
1502:Diestro et al. 2001
1483:on February 2, 2017
1318:Diestro et al. 2001
1299:on February 2, 2017
1292:The Philippine Star
1212:Diestro et al. 2001
999:Filipino historian
867:Profeta y Pontifice
663:. A group of pagan
655:, to meet with the
624:requesting for the
599:restating that the
479:Mount San Cristobal
2333:People from Quezon
2122:Philippine History
1999:Agoncillo, Teodoro
1904:Philippine Studies
1802:, pp. 138–139
1625:, pp. 135–137
1540:, pp. 105–106
1440:, pp. 567–568
1421:, pp. 107–108
1394:, pp. 533–534
1379:, pp. 122–123
1360:, pp. 106–107
1142:on August 20, 2016
788:
343:Virgin of Antipolo
261:Order of Preachers
2274:978-971-92282-1-9
2255:978-971-92282-1-9
2236:978-0-7486-2394-5
2213:978-971-93060-0-9
2190:978-0-394-54975-0
2175:. New York City:
2158:978-971-550-232-0
2112:978-0-521-81456-0
2089:978-971-23-5045-0
2070:978-971-92282-1-9
2050:978-0-85345-394-9
2039:. New York City:
2024:978-9-71-871106-4
1824:on March 24, 2017
1062:Teodoro Agoncillo
1001:Gregorio F. Zaide
702:with the Church.
149:
148:
131:Years active
2370:
2278:
2259:
2240:
2217:
2194:
2162:
2146:
2135:
2131:978-971-23-39349
2116:
2093:
2074:
2054:
2028:
2009:(8th ed.).
2008:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1864:
1858:
1855:The Manila Times
1840:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1809:
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1797:
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1790:, pp. 89–91
1785:
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1680:
1679:, pp. 58–59
1674:
1668:
1662:
1653:
1652:, pp. 41–43
1647:
1641:
1635:
1626:
1623:Constantino 2008
1620:
1599:
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1579:, pp. 55–56
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1147:
1138:. Archived from
1123:
1080:
1071:
1065:
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1048:
1045:
1039:
1029:Narciso Clavería
1022:
1016:
997:
887:Calamian Islands
844:Bagumbayan Field
630:Governor-General
583:and threatening
321:), shortened to
257:Kingdom of Spain
209:religious orders
166:
161:
123:religious leader
101:
98:November 4, 1841
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50:
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2214:
2202:. Vol. 1.
2191:
2167:Karnow, Stanley
2159:
2147:. Quezon City:
2132:
2113:
2090:
2071:
2051:
2025:
1993:
1988:
1978:
1976:
1961:
1957:
1947:
1945:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1917:
1915:
1896:
1892:
1882:
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1851:Wayback Machine
1841:
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975:), directed by
940:
859:
850:Revival of the
828:
793:
776:
741:
585:excommunication
534:gobernadorcillo
471:
461:. By 1841, the
432:Members of the
369:Camarines Norte
300:
295:
241:
159:
126:
109:
103:
99:
90:
78:, Tayabas (now
73:
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63:
53:
41:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2376:
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2353:Tagalog people
2350:
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1392:Francisco 2006
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1077:Palanca Awards
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962:Palanca Awards
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801:Real Audiencia
792:
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749:Casa Comunidad
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622:Real Audiencia
553:. The Spanish
511:Real Audiencia
470:
467:
401:members. Some
307:secular priest
299:
296:
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240:
237:
147:
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140:
139:Known for
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104:
102:(aged 26)
96:
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88:Spanish Empire
74:
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55:
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43:
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39:
15:
9:
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2225:. Edinburgh:
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2016:
2012:
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1979:September 22,
1974:
1970:
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1959:
1943:
1939:
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1815:
1808:
1801:
1800:Martinez 1999
1796:
1789:
1784:
1778:, p. 132
1777:
1776:Martinez 1999
1772:
1765:
1760:
1758:
1750:
1745:
1739:, p. 120
1738:
1737:Martinez 1999
1733:
1726:
1721:
1715:, p. 444
1714:
1709:
1702:
1697:
1691:, p. 117
1690:
1689:Martinez 1999
1685:
1678:
1673:
1666:
1661:
1659:
1651:
1646:
1640:, p. 116
1639:
1638:Martinez 1999
1634:
1632:
1624:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1609:
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1592:
1590:
1588:
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1578:
1573:
1571:
1564:, p. 109
1563:
1562:Martinez 1999
1558:
1551:
1546:
1539:
1538:Martinez 1999
1534:
1527:
1522:
1516:, p. 111
1515:
1514:Martinez 1999
1510:
1503:
1498:
1479:
1475:
1471:
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1246:, p. 101
1245:
1244:Martinez 1999
1240:
1238:
1230:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1213:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1197:, p. 100
1196:
1195:Martinez 1999
1191:
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1025:Onofre Corpuz
1021:
1014:
1013:Onofre Corpuz
1010:
1006:
1002:
996:
992:
984:
982:
979:and starring
978:
974:
970:
965:
963:
960:
956:
952:
947:
945:
938:Commemoration
935:
933:
929:
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921:
917:
913:
909:
908:
903:
899:
895:
890:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
861:In 1870, the
857:
853:
847:
845:
841:
840:Fort Santiago
837:
833:
823:
821:
817:
813:
808:
806:
802:
798:
785:
780:
771:
769:
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734:
730:
726:
721:
717:
713:
709:
703:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
680:alcalde mayor
676:
674:
670:
666:
662:
661:Mount Banahaw
658:
654:
649:
647:
642:
638:
634:
631:
627:
623:
619:
618:Domingo Róxas
614:
612:
608:
607:
606:juez provisor
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
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555:alcalde mayor
552:
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507:
503:
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491:
486:
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483:Mount Banahaw
480:
476:
466:
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460:
456:
452:
447:
445:
441:
440:
435:
430:
428:
424:
423:hermano mayor
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
383:
378:
374:
373:Camarines Sur
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
353:
352:anting-anting
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
327:Confraternity
324:
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308:
305:
293:
288:
286:
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266:
262:
258:
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236:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
203:. During the
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
185:Confraternity
182:
178:
174:
170:
165:
157:
153:
144:
141:
137:
133:
129:
122:
119:
118:
116:
112:
107:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
72:July 22, 1815
60:
56:
49:
44:
37:
32:
28:
24:
19:
2264:
2245:
2222:
2199:
2177:Random House
2171:
2142:
2121:
2098:
2079:
2060:
2036:
2004:
1991:Bibliography
1977:. Retrieved
1968:
1958:
1946:. Retrieved
1942:the original
1937:
1928:
1916:. Retrieved
1907:
1903:
1893:
1881:. Retrieved
1872:
1862:
1854:
1838:
1826:. Retrieved
1822:the original
1817:
1807:
1795:
1783:
1771:
1766:, p. 62
1751:, p. 59
1744:
1732:
1727:, p. 61
1720:
1708:
1703:, p. 58
1696:
1684:
1672:
1667:, p. 57
1645:
1598:, p. 32
1557:
1552:, p. 46
1545:
1533:
1528:, p. 41
1521:
1509:
1504:, p. 48
1497:
1485:. Retrieved
1478:the original
1465:
1461:
1438:Miranda 2008
1337:, p. 31
1320:, p. 43
1313:
1301:. Retrieved
1297:the original
1290:
1270:
1231:, p. 67
1214:, p. 42
1190:
1178:. Retrieved
1166:eubd1.ugr.es
1165:
1156:
1144:. Retrieved
1140:the original
1131:
1074:
1069:
1052:
1043:
1033:
1020:
995:
972:
968:
966:
954:
948:
941:
927:
925:
919:
905:
897:
893:
891:
878:
870:
866:
862:
860:
855:
851:
835:
829:
819:
815:
809:
804:
800:
794:
767:
763:
761:
742:
732:
728:
724:
719:
715:
711:
707:
704:
687:
683:
679:
677:
672:
669:Sierra Madre
656:
650:
645:
640:
636:
625:
621:
615:
604:
600:
592:
588:
572:
571:
566:
562:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
532:
523:
518:
516:
509:
501:
497:
493:
489:
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450:
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437:
433:
431:
426:
422:
418:
414:
406:
402:
398:
390:
386:
380:
376:
350:
347:pre-colonial
322:
315:Saint Joseph
310:
303:
301:
291:
284:
280:
268:
264:
242:
232:
228:
212:
192:
189:Saint Joseph
180:
177:Hermano Puli
176:
156:Hermano Pule
155:
151:
150:
142:
100:(1841-11-04)
40:Hermano Pule
30:
23:Spanish name
18:
2298:1841 deaths
2293:1815 births
2011:Quezon City
1828:November 4,
1788:Palad 2001a
1713:Karnow 1989
1470:Quezon City
1377:Halili 2004
1229:Palad 2001b
1132:nhcp.gov.ph
1035:principalía
918:, the term
653:Bay, Laguna
469:Suppression
421:was led by
317:and of the
273:lay brother
207:, Catholic
120:Lay brother
114:Occupations
2287:Categories
2179:. p.
1883:August 11,
1764:Ileto 1979
1749:Ileto 1979
1701:Ileto 1979
1665:Ileto 1979
1650:Ileto 1979
1596:Ileto 1979
1526:Ileto 1979
1335:Ileto 1979
1087:References
977:Gil Portes
577:Archbishop
529:Franciscan
239:Early life
68:1815-07-22
31:de la Cruz
2204:Parañaque
1948:March 15,
1918:August 2,
1487:March 15,
1358:Duka 2008
1303:March 15,
1146:March 15,
987:Footnotes
757:quartered
684:cofradía'
637:cofradía'
611:bishopric
539:cofradía'
490:cofradía'
475:cofradía'
427:cofradía'
275:) at the
134:1832–1841
2169:(1989).
2035:(2008).
2001:(1990).
1973:Archived
1912:Archived
1877:Archived
1847:Archived
1263:Archived
1174:Archived
898:colorums
885:and the
879:cofradía
871:cofradía
852:Cofradía
836:cofradía
820:cofradía
816:cofradía
805:cofradía
768:cofradía
764:Cofradía
733:cofradía
729:cofradía
725:cofradía
720:cofradía
716:cofradía
712:cofradía
708:cofradía
696:Tagalogs
688:cofradía
673:cofradía
657:cofradía
646:cofradía
641:mestizos
626:cofradía
601:cofradía
593:cofradía
589:cofradía
581:beatings
567:cofradía
563:cofradía
551:cofradía
543:cofradía
524:alcaldes
519:cofradía
498:cofradía
494:cofradía
463:cofradía
455:Majayjay
434:cofradía
419:cofradía
409:Pule in
403:cofradía
399:cofradía
382:mestizos
377:cofradía
365:Batangas
341:and the
233:cofradía
229:cofradía
221:Batangas
213:cofradía
193:cofradía
160:Spanish:
21:In this
2015:107–108
1180:June 9,
953:titled
928:colorum
920:colorum
904:phrase
883:Mindoro
856:colorum
745:Sariaya
692:Tayabas
609:of the
573:Hermano
547:Hermano
502:Hermano
459:Sariaya
415:Hermano
407:Hermano
391:Hermano
387:Hermano
331:Brother
255:of the
217:Tayabas
199:of the
191:). The
173:Brother
169:Spanish
106:Tayabas
27:surname
2271:
2252:
2233:
2210:
2187:
2155:
2128:
2109:
2086:
2067:
2047:
2021:
944:Lucena
797:flyers
700:schism
457:, and
444:Masses
411:Manila
375:. The
363:, and
361:Cavite
357:Laguna
285:indios
269:donado
265:indios
249:Quezon
245:Barrio
225:Laguna
223:, and
145:Revolt
80:Quezon
76:Lucban
1481:(PDF)
1468:(1).
1458:(PDF)
902:Latin
667:from
665:Aetas
413:. In
335:cults
304:indio
171:for "
2269:ISBN
2250:ISBN
2231:ISBN
2208:ISBN
2185:ISBN
2153:ISBN
2126:ISBN
2107:ISBN
2084:ISBN
2065:ISBN
2045:ISBN
2019:ISBN
1981:2016
1950:2019
1920:2017
1885:2017
1830:2017
1489:2019
1305:2019
1182:2017
1148:2019
1075:See
959:1972
951:play
912:Mass
481:and
439:real
371:and
95:Died
58:Born
2181:444
587:of
559:Don
337:of
187:of
82:),
29:is
2289::
2183:.
2151:.
2017:.
1971:.
1967:.
1936:.
1908:31
1906:.
1902:.
1875:.
1871:.
1853:.
1816:.
1756:^
1657:^
1630:^
1603:^
1584:^
1569:^
1464:.
1460:.
1445:^
1426:^
1399:^
1384:^
1365:^
1342:^
1325:^
1289:.
1278:^
1269:.
1251:^
1236:^
1219:^
1202:^
1172:.
1168:.
1164:.
1134:.
1130:.
1094:^
964:.
949:A
934:.
889:.
675:.
485:.
359:,
219:,
167:,
86:,
2277:.
2258:.
2239:.
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