Himiko - Knowledge

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thee." At this time a certain God inspired the Empress and instructed her, saying: "Why should the Emperor be troubled because the Kumaso do not yield submission? It is a land wanting in backbone. Is it worth while raising an army to attack it? There is a better land than this, a land of treasure, which may be compared to the aspect of a beautiful woman – the land of Mukatsu , dazzling to the eyes. In that land there are gold and silver and bright colours in plenty. It is called the Land of Silla of the coverlet of paper-mulberry. If thou worshippest me aright, the land will assuredly yield submission freely, and the edge of thy sword shall not be all stained with blood."

313: 678:(168–189), the country of Wa was in a state of great confusion, war and conflict raging on all sides. For a number of years, there was no ruler. Then a woman named Himiko appeared. Remaining unmarried, she occupied herself with magic and sorcery and bewitched the populace. Thereupon they placed her on the throne. She kept one thousand female attendants, but few people saw her. There was only one man who was in charge of her wardrobe and meals and acted as the medium of communication. She resided in a palace surrounded by towers and stockades with the protection of armed guards. The laws and customs were strict and stern. 32: 844:

an exclamation. The Great God was ashamed, and changing suddenly into human form, spake to his wife, and said: "Thou didst not contain thyself, but hast caused me shame; I will in my turn put thee to shame." So treading the Great Void, he ascended to Mount Mimoro. Hereupon Yamato-toto-hi-momo-so-bime no Mikoto looked up and had remorse. She flopped down on a seat and with a chopstick stabbed herself in the pudenda so that she died. She was buried at Oho-chi. Therefore the men of that time called her tomb the Hashi no haka .

830:. Yamato-totohi-momoso was inspired by Ōmononushi-nushi ("Great Deity of All Deities and Spirits"), to say: "Why is the Emperor grieved at the disordered state of the country? If he duly did us reverent worship it would assuredly become pacified of itself." The Emperor inquired, saying: "What God is it that thus instructs me?" The answer was: "I am the God who dwells within the borders of the land of Yamato, and my name is Oho-mono-nushi no Kami." While imperial worship of this god (from 2057: 4001: 487:

remained unmarried. She had a younger brother who assisted her in ruling the country. After she became the ruler, there were few who saw her. She had one thousand women as attendants, but only one man. He served her food and drink and acted as a medium of communication. She resided in a palace surrounded by towers and stockades, with armed guards in a state of constant vigilance.

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administration of the country. Queen kept one thousands maids in attendance. Her person was seldom seen. She had only two men . They served her food and drink and acted as intermediaries. The Queen lived in a palace, which was surrounded by walls and stockades protected by armed guards; their discipline was extremely strict.

742:– mentions Queen Himiko. The circumstances under which these books were written is a matter of unending debate, and even if Himiko were known to the authors, they may have purposefully decided not to include her. However, they include three imperial-family shamans identified with her: Yamatototohimomosohime-no-Mikoto 838:

After this Yamato-toto-hi-momo-so-bime no Mikoto became the wife of Oho-mono-nushi no Kami. This God, however, was never seen in the day-time, but at night. Yamato-toto-hi-momo-so-bime no Mikoto said to her husband: "As my Lord is never seen in the day-time, I am unable to view his august countenance

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One scholar asserted that Himiko was really Yamato-toto-momo-so-hime-no-mikoto, aunt of the legendary Emperor Sūjin on his father's side, because her supposed tomb at Hashihaka in Nara measured about a hundred paces in diameter, the measurement given for Himiko's grave. This theory gained adherents

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account that Himiko died around 248, if one accepts the dubious Japanese traditional dating, then she was closer to the 3rd-century AD Empress Jingū than to the 1st-century BC Yamato-hime-no-mikoto and Yamato-toto-hi-momo-so-hime. On the other hand, if one accepts the postdating adjustments prior to

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be not alarmed at my form." Yamato-toto-hi-momo-so-bime no Mikoto wondered secretly in her heart at this. Waiting until daybreak, she looked into her toilet-case. There was there a beautiful little snake, of the length and thickness of the cord of a garment. Thereupon she was frightened, and uttered

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When Himiko passed away, a great mound was raised, more than a hundred paces in diameter. Over a hundred male and female attendants followed her to the grave. Then a king was placed on the throne, but the people would not obey him. Assassination and murder followed; more than one thousand were thus

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During the reigns of the Emperors Huan and Ling, that country was in great disorder, and there was no ruler for a period of years. a woman named Himiko attracted the populace by means of the practice of magic. The country became unified and made her queen. A younger brother assisted Himiko in the

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Herein we address Himiko, Queen of Wa, whom we now officially call a friend of Wei. have arrived here with your tribute, consisting of four male slaves and six female slaves, together with two pieces of cloth with designs, each twenty feet in length. You live very far away across the sea; yet you

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Her Augustness Princess Okinaga-tarashi, was at that time, divinely possessed charged him with this instruction and counsel: "There is a land to the Westward, and in that land is abundance of various treasures dazzling to the eye, from gold and silver downwards. I will now bestow this land upon

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we appreciate exceedingly. We confer upon you, therefore, the title "Queen of Wa Friendly to Wei," together with the decoration of the gold seal with purple ribbon. The latter, properly encased, is to be sent to you through the Governor. We expect you, O Queen, to rule your people in peace and to

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The country formerly had a man as ruler. For some seventy or eighty years after that there were disturbances and warfare. Thereupon the people agreed upon a woman for their ruler. Her name was Himiko . She occupied herself with magic and sorcery, bewitching the people. Though mature in age, she

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adds that since Jingū wanted to learn which gods had cursed Chūai, she constructed a shamanic "palace of worship", "discharged in person the office of priest", and heard the gods reveal themselves as coming from Ise (Amaterasu) and Mukatsu (an unnamed Korean divinity). Although the

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Queen Himiko contests take place in small towns offering cash prizes to women over the age of eighteen on the basis of charm and appearance. One of the earliest of these contests began in Yamatokoriyama in Nara. One such contest, Himikon, takes place in Moriyama City.

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Himiko's legend has been used to market a variety of objects. Various small towns seek to use Himiko as their mascot, claiming their town as her birthplace, although the archaeological evidence supports regions in the Nara basin as her capital. Yoshinogari City and

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distinctly; I beseech him therefore to delay a while, that in the morning I may look upon the majesty of his beauty." The Great God answered and said: "What thou sayest is clearly right. To-morrow morning I will enter thy toilet-case and stay there. I

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Depictions of Himiko in Japanese popular media take one of three archetypes: Himiko as a wise, old ruler; Himiko the cute and energetic shaman; or Himiko as a seductive sorceress. She is associated with several ritual objects including the

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mentions Himiko or any of the salient topics that she was unmarried, was chosen as ruler by the people, had a younger brother who helped rule (unless this refers to Jingū's son), or had numerous (figuratively "1,000") female attendants.

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likewise records "Yamato-hime no Mikoto" and provides more details. The Emperor assigned Yamato-hime to find a permanent location for Amaterasu's shrine, and after wandering for years, the sun-goddess instructed her to build it at

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by Emperor Wu (BC 140–87), nearly thirty of these communities have held intercourse with the Han court by envoys or scribes. Each community has its king, whose office is hereditary. The King of Great Wa resides in the country of

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describes her as "the Emperor's aunt by the father's side, a shrewd and intelligent person, who could foresee the future". After a series of national calamities, the Emperor "assembled the 80 myriads of Deities" and inquired by

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eras, depictions of Himiko often display her wearing clothing originating from a variety of time periods, often embodied masculine elements. A queen during the late Yayoi, Himiko likely wore a one-piece, wide-sleeved

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and popular political expression. Following the late 1960s "Yamatai boom", when numerous Japanese historians, linguists, and archeologists published reevaluations of Himiko and Yamatai, the debate was joined by

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However, these contemporary readings differ considerably from how 'Himiko' was pronounced in the 3rd century, both by speakers of the unknown Wa-language and by Chinese scribes who transcribed it. While

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as one would expect. The final element of this transcription, then, remains obscure, though there is certainly a good chance that the first portion does correspond to a form related to Old Japanese

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revolution" replacing female deities and priestesses with male counterparts, or a shamanic advisor to the federation of Wa chieftains who "must have looked like a ruling queen to Chinese envoys".

533:, literally "dog slave"), one of the other Wa states. The governor dispatched "Chang Chêng, acting Secretary of the Border Guard" with a "proclamation advising reconciliation", and subsequently: 1778:

sent emissaries who masqueraded as Jingū's officials to the Wei court, thus leading Wei to mistake them for representatives of Himiko. Farris states that "Motoori's usurpation hypothesis (

1390:), it is in fact simply one of the ghost words of Japanese lexicography; when it does appear in modern lexical sources, it is a "made-up" form listed there solely on the basis of the 2646: 2823:

The 2008 reprint of Chamberlain adds a footnote after "possessed": "Himeko in the Chinese historical notices of Japan was skilled in magic, with which she deluded the people."

2067: 992:). Jingū allegedly discovered she was pregnant, personally planned and led a successful conquest of Silla, gave birth to the future emperor, and returned to rule Yamato. The 293:. The "Yamatai controversy", writes Keiji Imamura, is "the greatest debate over the ancient history of Japan." A prevailing view among scholars is that she may be buried at 1303:(which historically did not have the consonant /h/ and whose modern /h/ evolves from historical /p/), the accepted modern reading of 'Himiko' would regularly correspond to 2423: 2935: 1879:

chronology was inaccurate prior to the 4th century, and thus "Jingū became a fourth-century queen whose reign could not possibly have coincided with Himiko's." The

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reports, they made some changes, such as specifying the "some seventy or eighty years" of Wa wars occurred between 146 and 189, during the reigns of Han Emperors

3017: 2143:, a type of Daoist folk religion. As such, Himiko is sometimes negatively associated with black magic or demons. Ruling in the transitional period between the 2623: 2392:, the "One More Extra Stage" final boss song of the Empress Place event is named after Himiko, in which an interpretation of her likeness is also displayed. 905:

records her as the fourth of Suinin's five children, "Her Augustness Yamato-hime, (was the high-priestess of the temple of the Great Deity of Ise)". The

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was given a recent boost by radio-carbon dating circa 240–60. The early Chinese records of Himiko/Pimiko and her Yamatai polity remain something of a

2036: 2319:, a game which draws on many Japanese folktales and myths to tell the story of the white wolf Amaterasu and her quest to free Japan from darkness. 1816:. Nakoku is said to have existed from the 1st century to the early 3rd century, and seems to have been independent or even a rival of the current 3827: 1697:

None of these three legendary Japanese royal shamans adequately corresponds with the Chinese chronology and description of Himiko. Assuming the

1384:. Even though such a form has found its way into a few modern Japanese dictionaries (for example even Kindaiichi's otherwise generally reliable 2903: 309:

The shaman Queen Himiko is recorded in various ancient histories, dating back to 3rd-century China, 8th-century Japan, and 12th-century Korea.

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The "Records of Wei" also records envoys travelling between the Wa and Wei courts. Himiko's emissaries first visited the court of Wei emperor

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comes to mean "princess," but this meaning is anachronistic for the earlier texts. The difficulty concerns the supposed Old Japanese word

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noting "a great mound was raised, more than a hundred paces in diameter" for Pimiko's tomb, may well be the earliest written record of a

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argued that Himiko was the high priestess of the Ise shrine Yamato-hime-no-mikoto and that Wa armies obtained control of southern Korea:

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as a limited 5-Star Ruler-class Servant. She debuted during the Super Ancient Shinsengumi History GUDAGUDA Yamatai-koku 2020 event.

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described her as an important ruler in 3rd-century Japan, early Japanese historians purposely avoided naming Himiko, even when the

1978:. Several archeological excavations of Yayoi and Kofun sites in kinki region, have revealed Chinese-style bronze mirrors, called 1162: 542:, a girl of thirteen, was made queen and order was restored. Chêng issued a proclamation to the effect that Iyo was the ruler. 445: 266:. Early Japanese histories do not mention Himiko, but historians associate her with legendary figures such as Empress Consort 4451: 4446: 4441: 3002: 2879: 1787:

Rather than being linked with Yamataikoku (regardless of wherever Yamataikoku was), Himiko may have been instead linked with

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both employ images of Himiko to attract tourists, using images such as chibi Himiko-chan welcoming travelers to the region.

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Farris, William Wayne (1998). "Sacred Texts and Buried Treasures: Issues in the Historical Archaeology of Ancient Japan".

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The Rise of a Great Tradition: Japanese Archaeological Ceramics from the Jōmon Through Heian Periods (10,500 BC-AD 1185)

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from about 180 A.D. to 247 or 248 A.D. a large part of Japan was ruled by the charismatic or shamanistic Queen Himiko

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state with a generalized slave system" , while Mitsusada Inoue idealized Yamatai as a "balance of small states" with

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Arai accepted the Chinese history as more reliable, and first equated Himiko with Jingū and Yamatai with Yamato. The

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of the transcription suggests that the final element of the unknown original term did not correspond to Old Japanese

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The Emperor thought the gods were lying, said he had only seen ocean to the West, and then died, either immediately (

75: 53: 46: 1348:. This has traditionally been explained and understood in Japan as a transcription of a supposed Old Japanese form 2432: 1869:

in 1868, Japanese historians adopted European historical scholarship, especially the source-based methodology of

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Researchers have struggled to reconcile Himiko/Pimiko between Chinese and Japanese historical sources. While the

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Scholarly debates over the identity of Himiko and the location of her domain, Yamatai, have raged since the late

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of foreign words is complex, the choice of these three particular characters is puzzling, with literal meanings

478:, appeared at the Court; today, thirty of their communities maintain intercourse through envoys and scribes. 2308:

features time travel between ancient Yamatai and modern Japan, with Himiko eventually helping to save Yamatai.

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Miyake, Marc Hideo (2003). Old Japanese: A Phonetic Reconstruction. London; New York: RoutledgeCurzon. p. 196

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three times. In 239, "the queen of Wa" sent envoys to Wei; in 240, they returned "charged with an Imperial

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in the postwar period. Another saw in Himiko an expression of women's political authority in early Japan.

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Miller, Laura (2018). "Searching for Charisma Queen Himiko". In Miller, Laura; Copeland, Rebecca (eds.).

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in the middle of the ocean, forming more than one hundred communities. From the time of the overthrow of

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and a seal and ribbon;" and in 243, "the ruler of Wa again sent high officers as envoys with tribute".

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William Wayne Farris reviews the history of scholarly debates over Himiko and her domain Yamatai. The

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The Japanese people of Wa dwell in the middle of the ocean on the mountainous islands southeast of

3642:"The Myth of the Goddess of the Undersea World and the Tale of Empress Jingū's Subjugation of Silla" 2560: 2082: 1768:

scholar Motoori accepted the traditional Japanese myth-history as more reliable, and dismissed its

777:(legendary 14th emperor, reigned 192–200 AD). These dates, however, are not historically verified. 40: 2480:(which was adapted from the 2013 video game of the same name), Himiko is at the heart of the plot. 809:, the shaman aunt of Emperor Sujin, supposedly committed suicide after learning her husband was a 4486: 4005: 2545:

Himiko has been diversely applied, not only in Japanese society but also in other realms such as

1817: 1154: 1057: 20: 4058: 1354:, said to be an early term meaning "high born woman; princess," and to derive from Old Japanese 312: 4410: 4254: 4038:, edited by Laura Miller and Rebecca Copeland, 51-79. Berkeley: University of California Press. 3140: 2020: 1906: 417: 57: 2953: 2039:), the imperial system originating with tandem rule by a female shaman and male monarch, the " 4278: 4273: 4114: 3488:, translated by Aston, William George, Pub. for the Society by K. Paul, Trench, Trübner, 1896 3470:, translated by Aston, William George, Pub. for the Society by K. Paul, Trench, Trübner, 1896 2638: 2602: 2595: 2299: 1919: 247: 4086: 2955:

Japanese Historians and the National Myths, 1600-1945: The Age of the Gods and Emperor Jinmu

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Two other Chinese dynastic histories mentioned Himiko. While both clearly incorporated the

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Most perplexing of the entire list is the name of the queen of the Yeh-ma-t'ai community,

8: 4461: 4436: 4299: 4033: 4012: 3903: 2734: 2590:) that was discovered in 2009. Massing close to 40 billion suns and located 12.9 billion 1893: 1883: 1323: 1245: 675: 671: 626: 622: 3733: 2445:, Himiko is briefly shown as being one of the historical magical girls that is saved by 2019:. To different interpreters, this early Japanese shaman queen can appear as evidence of 652:) says "the King of Great Wa resides in the country of Yamadai", rather than the Queen: 3766: 2469: 2117:– two large bronze bells ritually used at the end of the Yayoi period – as well as the 2007:

records Emperor Cao Rui presented to Queen Himiko, while other scholars oppose it. The

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Researcher Laura Miller recounts eating a dish named for Himiko at Shinobuan Cafe in

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the 4th century, then Himiko was closer to these Yamato-named shamans. Neither the

1652:") provides details about shaman Queen Himiko and her communications with Emperors 1639: 1635: 1687: 774: 763: 751: 267: 4249: 4234: 4218: 4094: 4081: 4065: 3681: 3672: 2572: 2513: 2348: 2216: 2182: 2008: 1809: 1733: 1593: 1225: 1065: 849: 509:

Finally, the "Records of Wei" records that in 247 when a new governor arrived at

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compilers were tempted to associate Jingū with the religious powers of Himiko.

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began the controversies over whether Yamatai was located in Northern Kyushu or

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One remarkable exception to early Japanese histories overlooking Himiko is the

759: 1583:, "female shaman, shamaness; shrine maiden; priestess"); or their combination 1468:, "young noblewoman; princess"), explains Miller, etymologically derives from 4430: 4381: 4344: 4314: 4042: 2686: 2630: 2489: 2446: 2264:

set after the events of the game, Himiko returns to the plot for a few issues

2178: 2012: 1938: 1725: 1546: 1024: 873: 747: 290: 1930: 4304: 4187: 4099: 2598:, as of 2014 it is the largest and most distant known example of its kind. 2211: 2205: 2148: 2144: 1946: 1942: 1757: 1304: 1016: 539: 501: 259: 129: 4087:"Himikio -- 90% name recognition amongst primary school students in Japan" 2908: 4334: 4197: 3987:

Japan in the Chinese Dynastic Histories: Later Han Through Ming Dynasties

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City, where the name apparently gave rise to the popularity of the dish.

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in Korea, Queen Himiko officially complained of hostilities with Himikuko

475: 466:). This section is the first description of Himiko (Pimiko) and Yamatai: 317: 282: 97: 474:. They formerly comprised more than one hundred communities. During the 4405: 4359: 4329: 4160: 3770: 3668:"Himiko tomb in Nara: Group experts date site to reign of fabled queen" 2698: 2287: 2278: 1981: 1880: 1721: 1542: 1237: 892: 831: 827: 278: 234: 179: 3989:. Translated by Tsunoda, Ryusaku. South Pasadena: PD and Ione Perkins. 3722: 2874:. Agency for Cultural Affairs, Government of Japan. 1990. p. 45. 1852:'s southeastern section. The Kumaso were also associated with Kunakoku 1572: 1509: 1486: 1463: 1192: 1184: 1176: 1168: 577: 563: 555: 4354: 4349: 4244: 4180: 4165: 4155: 4043:

Nara tomb discovery may stir debate over site of Queen Himiko's realm

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beads and a diadem. However, no one can be certain what Himiko wore.

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pronunciation. Compare the following reconstructions of the name in

750:(legendary 10th Japanese emperor, reigned 97–30 BC) and daughter of 4309: 4202: 4175: 4170: 4135: 3965: 2506: 2292: 2163: 2032: 1910: 1763: 1657: 1061: 913: 793: 661: 2314: 2024: 4324: 4319: 4130: 3934:"The Emperor of Japan: A Historical Study in Religious Symbolism" 2848: 1774:

quotations as later accretions. He hypothesized that a king from

1683: 1653: 1421: 1403: 1343: 1290: 1282: 1276: 492: 431: 413: 357:, the history containing the first mention of Yamatai and Himiko. 255: 251: 230: 151: 3727:. Translated by Basil Hall Chamberlain. Charles E Tuttle. 2005 . 2415: 1941:, the 2nd- and 3rd-century era of Queen Himiko was between late 834:) was "without effect", Yamato-totohi-momoso later married him. 4364: 4339: 4034:

Miller, Laura. 2018. "Searching for Charisma Queen Himiko." In

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According to the Chinese account, Himiko died in AD 247 or 248.

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refers to characteristic keyhole-shaped burial mounds, and the

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Himeko. Other Amaterasu-related etymological proposals for the

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The Earliest Kofuns in the Southeastern Part of the Nara Basin

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Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to AD 697

3298: 2925:. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i (2009). p. 322, 291, 221, 80 2132: 2126: 2002: 1967: 1769: 1745: 1698: 1677: 1643: 1634:

Identifying Himiko/Pimiko of Wa is straightforward within the

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Tsunoda notes that "Pimiko is from an archaic Japanese title,

1337: 1327: 1089: 1077: 1043: 1034:) as the first historically verifiable female Japanese ruler. 787: 689: 642: 616: 601: 589: 583: 373: 352: 321: 4024:

Mechademia, An Annual Forum for ANime, Manga and the Fan Arts

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Mechademia, an Annual Forum for ANime, Manga and the Fan Arts

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Himiko is one of the supporting characters in the video game

2274: 2194: 1995:. Many scholars who support the Kinki theory associate these 1952: 1833: 1737: 968: 869: 183: 155: 3908:. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 51–79. 3897:). Minneapoolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press: 179–198. 3334: 482:

This early history describes how Himiko came to the throne:

4030:. Minneapoolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 179-198. 2362: 1905:

Some later Japanese historians reframed Himiko in terms of

1564: 422:, a Japanese abbreviation for the account of Wajin in the " 3322: 3262: 2586:(a massive concentration of hydrogen gas believed to be a 2160:

under a vest and sash. She is also often depicted wearing

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National Land Image Information (Color Aerial Photographs)

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recorded that the current imperial dynasty, starting with

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Diva Nation: Female Icons from Japanese Cultural History

4020:"Rebranding Himiko, the Shaman Queen of Ancient History" 3905:

Diva Nation: Female Icons from Japanese Cultural History

3887:"Rebranding Himiko, the Shaman Queen of Ancient History" 3872:

Matsumoto, Seichō (1983). "Japan in the Third Century".

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Prehistoric Japan: New Perspectives on Insular East Asia

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in Kyushu also holds a Himiko contest during its annual

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account of early Japan. There never was an Old Japanese

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The first historical records of Himiko are found in the

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have similar accounts. Emperor Chūai wanted to invade

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conquest of Japan (Namio Egami's "horserider theory"

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by Ōishi Manabu, Takano Kazuhiro, and Himekawa Akira

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have sent an embassy with tribute. Your loyalty and

3970:(in Japanese). Vol. 1. Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten. 3588: 3540: 3528: 3226: 1244:(Edwin G. Pulleyblank), and, historically closest, 714:Neither of the two oldest Japanese histories – the 3612: 3159: 2273:Himiko is a character who appears occasionally in 1820:, supposedly in Yamato, Honshū. Even so, both the 1578: 1570: 1556: 1536: 1507: 1484: 700:) changes the number of Himiko's male attendants: 575: 569: 553: 547: 528: 3564: 3147: 1929:Aerial view of the Hasihaka Kofun. Made based on 1619: 1432:. Beyond that, it is at present impossible to go. 1118: 1106: 656:The Wa dwell on mountainous islands southeast of 4428: 3576: 2814:may be translated specifically as "Queen of Wa". 1216:) is simpler than its presumed 3rd-century late 3829:Peakche of Korea and the Origin of Yamato Japan 3633: 2800: 2781: 2766: 2751: 2001:with the "one hundred bronze mirrors" that the 1979: 1950: 860: 400: 3865:Himiko and Japan's Elusive Chiefdom of Yamatai 2807: 2788: 2773: 2758: 2552: 1988: 1959: 1855: 1793: 1784:) carried great weight for the next century." 1461: 933:after the death of her husband Emperor Chūai ( 922: 884: 854: 802: 561: 516: 407: 239: 218: 198: 4115: 3843:Folk Religion in Japan: Continuity and Change 3690:(Reprint ed.). Charles E Tuttle. 1972 . 1211: 1190: 1182: 1174: 1166: 1125:) transcribing the Wa regent's name are read 4129: 4074:, Osaka Prefectural Museum of Yayoi Culture 3809:. Vol. 54, no. 1. pp. 123–26. 1808:), whereto was sent a golden royal seal, by 1694:, or Yamato-toto-hi-momo-so-hime-no-Mikoto. 1189:) "fill, cover; full; whole, complete", and 3721: 3666: 3558: 3340: 3328: 3304: 3268: 2904:Kenkyusha's New Japanese-English Dictionary 2188: 1993:, "mirror decorated with gods and animals") 1909:. Masaaki Ueda argued that "Himiko's was a 1800:(which Tsunoda located in near present-day 1629: 1042:The oldest extant Korean history text, the 762:(legendary 11th, reigned 29 BC–70 AD); and 4122: 4108: 2849:Association of the Buddha Jayanti (1959). 2427:, Himiko is featured in the first episode. 1862:, ruled by Himiko's rival, king Himikuko. 1402:; furthermore, the Middle Chinese spirant 1366:), a laudatory title for women going with 3952: 3871: 3795: 3657: 3606: 2923:Minimal Old Chinese and Later Han Chinese 1937:In Japanese historical and archeological 1922:, mystery writers, and amateur scholars. 1676:("Chronicles of Japan", which quotes the 1011:myth-histories called Jingū first of the 916:"where she first descended from Heaven". 281:, with opinions divided between northern 76:Learn how and when to remove this message 4055:, Worldwide Guide to Women in Leadership 3814: 3196: 2990: 2951: 2936:"The Search for the Language of Yamatai" 2795:, as with other words for rulers in the 2268: 1924: 311: 304: 264:decades of warfare among the kings of Wa 39:This article includes a list of general 3984: 3853: 3777: 3748: 3731: 3707:"The Search of the Language of Yamatai" 3704: 3594: 3546: 3534: 3400: 3116: 3104: 3092: 3080: 3068: 3053: 3041: 3029: 2978: 2125:branch and Chinese bronze mirrors. The 2031:), the Japanese conquest of Korea, the 1756:was historically more trustworthy. The 1682:) disregard Himiko, unless she was the 1668:("Records of Ancient Matters") and the 1163:transliteration into Chinese characters 254:relations between Queen Himiko and the 4429: 3922: 3901: 3884: 3862: 3832:, Kudara International, archived from 3804: 3724:The Kojiki, Records of Ancient Matters 3623: 3522: 3510: 3498: 3433: 3421: 3184: 2601:The one million dollar filly of 2015 1197:"breathe out; exhale; cry out; call". 258:Kingdom (220–265) and record that the 4103: 3961: 3941:Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 3784:Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 3680: 3646:Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 3639: 3570: 3376: 3364: 3352: 3316: 3292: 3280: 3256: 3244: 3220: 3208: 3153: 2609:and Untouched Talent (mother of 2012 2487:directed a film about Himiko, called 1626:as 'the honorific heir of the west'. 582:"platform; terrace") paralleling the 3985:Goodrich, Carrington C, ed. (1951). 3931: 3840: 3825: 3582: 3232: 2706: 2346:In the Heroes & Legends mode of 2050: 2046: 1420:, for example – with Middle Chinese 505:endeavor to be devoted and obedient. 399:, Japanese scholars use the term of 262:people chose her as ruler following 25: 1414:, which is rendered elsewhere – in 709: 13: 4477:People whose existence is disputed 3686:. Vol. 2 vols. Translated by 2855:. Tokyo News Service. p. 23. 2692:List of female castellans in Japan 2519: 2337:Himiko appears in the mobile game 2081:by removing the content or adding 1071: 538:slain. A relative of Himiko named 361: 45:it lacks sufficient corresponding 14: 4503: 3994: 3797:10.18874/jjrs.17.2-3.1990.199-217 3790:(3). Nanzan University: 199–217. 1037: 940:) until the accession of her son 4015:, Britannica Online Encyclopedia 3999: 3947:(4). Nanzan University: 522–65. 3863:Kidder, Jonathan Edward (2007). 3780:"The Sujin Religious Revolution" 3711:Japanese Language and Literature 3659:10.18874/jjrs.20.2-3.1993.95-185 3652:(2). Nanzan University: 95–185. 2991:Shillony, Ben-Ami (2008-10-15). 2940:Japanese Language and Literature 2671: 2645: 2622: 2594:from Earth in the constellation 2131:described Himiko's shamanism as 2055: 1523:, meaning 'princess'"; that is, 1019:historians removed her from the 876:is associated with this legend. 270:, who is said to have served as 30: 16:3rd century Queen of Yamataikoku 3474: 3456: 3439: 3406: 3382: 3122: 3011: 2984: 2817: 2799:, is used gender-neutrally, so 2433:Danganronpa V3: Killing Harmony 2352:, Himiko is a recruitable Hero. 2193:Himiko has appeared in various 2171: 1579: 1029: 946: 919:Empress Consort Jingū (or Jingō 223:, "Ruler of Wa, Friend of Wei") 3954:10.18874/jjrs.6.4.1979.522-565 3927:. University of Chicago Press. 3867:. University of Hawai’i Press. 3858:. University of Hawai’i Press. 2945: 2928: 2915: 2891: 2862: 2842: 2745: 2713: 2505:has created a Himiko-inspired 2458:, Himiko is a playable leader. 1618:, 'heir', and thus interprets 1541:, "child"), viz. the uncommon 819:does not mention her, but the 546:Commentators take this 'Iyo' ( 1: 3734:"Mirrors to Japanese History" 3020:では書名の一部として「魏志倭人伝」の五文字を採用している。 2830: 2398:Shin Megami Tensei: Persona 4 2228:Himiko: Shūkan manga Nihonshi 1638:, but problematic within the 934: 799:Yamato Totohi Momoso himemiko 767: 729: 715: 630: 457:Records of the Three Kingdoms 397:Records of the Three Kingdoms 389: 369:Records of the Three Kingdoms 339: 335:Records of the Three Kingdoms 204: 144: 128:Unknown king (predecessor of 4452:People of Yayoi-period Japan 4447:Aristocracy of ancient Japan 4442:Ancient Japanese priestesses 3634:General and cited references 2994:The Emperors of Modern Japan 2835: 2455:Sid Meier's Civilization VII 2285:Himiko appears in the anime 2133: 2127: 2003: 1968: 1873:. Naka Michiyo believed the 1770: 1746: 1699: 1678: 1644: 1614: 1608: 1598: 1585: 1563: 1551: 1531: 1529:with the female name suffix 1525: 1519: 1499: 1493: 1476: 1470: 1449: 1428: 1422: 1416: 1410: 1404: 1398: 1380: 1374: 1368: 1362: 1356: 1350: 1344: 1338: 1328: 1318: 1308: 1291: 1283: 1277: 1269: 1261: 1253: 1202:historical Chinese phonology 1090: 1078: 1044: 986:) or after invading Kumaso ( 788: 690: 643: 617: 602: 590: 584: 374: 353: 351:(vernacular) version of the 322: 7: 3923:Miller, Roy Andrew (1967). 3847:University of Chicago Press 3676:. Kyodo News. May 20, 2009. 2801: 2782: 2767: 2752: 2697: 2664: 2536: 2411:Might & Magic Heroes VI 2349:Sid Meier's Civilization VI 2313: 2238: 2227: 2162: 2154: 2139: 2119: 2113: 1997: 1980: 1974: 1951: 1888: 1875: 1828: 1822: 1780: 1762: 1752: 1712: 1706: 1670: 1662: 1660:. The 8th-century Japanese 1443: 1392: 1386: 1206: 1149: 1143: 1133: 1127: 1084: 1007: 1001: 994: 988: 982: 959: 953: 907: 901: 861: 821: 815: 782: 736: 722: 560:, "one", an old variant of 401: 347: 10: 4508: 4457:3rd-century women monarchs 3815:Hideyuki, Shindoa (2005), 3778:Ellwood, Robert S (1990). 3137:Records of Ancient Matters 2958:. UBC Press. p. 111. 2952:Brownlee, John S. (2011). 2942:(42.1), p. 10 of pp. 1-43. 2921:Schuessler, Axel. (2009). 2797:East Asian cultural sphere 2424:Meow Meow Japanese History 2389:Beatmania IIDX 16: Empress 2361:, her character befriends 1642:. The 3rd-century Chinese 1620: 1571: 1557: 1537: 1508: 1485: 1437:Roy Andrew Miller, 1967:22 1240:, and William H. Baxter), 1119: 1107: 1052: 696: 648: 608: 596: 576: 570: 554: 548: 529: 462: 450: 440: 380: 328: 248:Chinese dynastic histories 18: 4472:Japanese women in warfare 4398: 4373: 4289: 4263: 4227: 4211: 4143: 3705:Bentley, John R. (2008). 2808: 2789: 2774: 2759: 2553: 2462: 2442:Puella Magi Madoka Magica 2386:In the music/rhythm game 2077:Please help Knowledge to 1989: 1960: 1856: 1794: 1686:behind their accounts of 1462: 1212: 1191: 1183: 1175: 1173:"low; inferior; humble", 1167: 1021:List of Emperors of Japan 944:(legendary 15th emperor, 923: 885: 855: 803: 562: 517: 408: 240: 219: 199: 169: 161: 140: 136: 124: 103: 95: 90: 4482:Women in ancient warfare 4072:Model of Himiko's Palace 3968:, Chōsen Seishi Nihonden 3732:Edwards, Walter (1998). 3379:, pp. 35, 113, 154. 2561:Amagi Railway Amagi Line 2497: 2189:Manga and graphic novels 1630:Identity and historicity 1589:, "princess-priestess". 971:instead. Compare these: 568:) as a miscopy of Toyo ( 495:in 238, and he replied: 4290:Sites mentioned in the 3962:Saeki, Arikiyo (1988). 3854:Imamura, Keiji (1996). 3141:Chamberlain, Basil Hall 2483:Japanese film director 1818:Imperial House of Japan 1798:, "the Na state of Wa") 1155:Modern Standard Chinese 1097: 929:) supposedly served as 395:. However, rather than 165:247/248 AD (aged c. 78) 60:more precise citations. 21:Himiko (disambiguation) 4255:Furuichi Kofun Cluster 3885:Miller, Laura (2014). 3826:Hong, Wontack (1994), 3640:Akima, Toshio (1993). 2414:, Himiko is a corrupt 2365:. She also appears in 2295:series from the 1970s. 1934: 1907:Marxist historiography 1903: 1836:, originated from the 1592:Bentley considers the 1440: 1094:about envoys from Wa. 978: 846: 707: 680: 667: 544: 507: 489: 480: 358: 4279:Yamatai Kyushu Theory 4274:Yamatai Honshu Theory 4018:Miller, Laura. 2014. 4008:at Wikimedia Commons 3932:Mori, Kōichi (1979). 3925:The Japanese Language 3841:Hori, Ichiro (1968). 3139:]. Translated by 2997:. BRILL. p. 15. 2907:] (in Japanese). 2603:American Triple Crown 2533:Festival of Flowers. 2298:The anime series and 2269:Anime and video games 1928: 1920:Japanese nationalists 1898: 1334: 1056:, "Chronicles of the 973: 836: 702: 670:During the reigns of 668: 654: 535: 497: 484: 468: 315: 305:Historical references 208: 170–247/248 AD 4053:Japan Heads of State 2730:t͡sʰiɪn-ŋʉi-ʔuɑ-ɦʉɐŋ 2679:Ancient Japan portal 2652:A water bus taxi in 2617:) was named Himiko. 2247:Afterschool Charisma 2210:The first volume of 2079:improve this article 1692:Yamatohime-no-mikoto 1242:Early Middle Chinese 880:Yamatohime-no-mikoto 756:Yamatohime-no-mikoto 444:), Volume 30 of the 386:Chinese classic text 212:, also known as the 110:c. 180 AD–247/248 AD 19:For other uses, see 4300:Black tooth country 3807:Monumenta Nipponica 3751:Monumenta Nipponica 3319:, pp. 217–271. 3307:, pp. 283–332. 2735:Eastern Han Chinese 2091:independent sources 1884:Shiratori Kurakichi 1324:lexicographic error 1248:(Axel Schuessler). 895:to the sun-goddess 523:, the king of Kuna 4467:Shamanism in Japan 4270:Yamatai locations 4093:2013-05-14 at the 4064:2017-03-03 at the 3412:Bentley 2008:18–20 2852:Japan and Buddhism 2740:tsʰin-ŋui-ʔuɑi-wɑŋ 2559:is a train on the 2027:priestess rulers ( 1935: 1740:region of central 1326:deriving from the 1301:Japanese phonology 1104:Chinese characters 1013:Japanese empresses 758:, the daughter of 511:Daifang Commandery 359: 4424: 4423: 4004:Media related to 3424:, pp. 15–54. 3343:, pp. 284–5. 3259:, pp. 158–9. 3211:, pp. 245–6. 3119:, pp. 28–29. 3004:978-90-474-4225-7 2881:978-0-913304-30-3 2707:Explanatory notes 2569:Tokyo Cruise Ship 2380:Warriors Orochi 4 2374:Warriors Orochi 3 2358:Warriors Orochi 2 2322:Himiko is in the 2254:Dark Horse Comics 2250:by Kumiko Suekane 2108: 2107: 2047:Modern depictions 1915:communal property 1871:Leopold von Ranke 1867:Meiji Restoration 1342:, Middle Chinese 1314:Roy Andrew Miller 1234:Bernhard Karlgren 773:AD), the wife of 638:Book of Later Han 274:from 201 to 269. 191: 190: 86: 85: 78: 4499: 4389:Legend of Himiko 4151:Five kings of Wa 4124: 4117: 4110: 4101: 4100: 4077: 4049:, March 29, 2000 4003: 3990: 3981: 3958: 3956: 3938: 3928: 3919: 3898: 3881: 3868: 3859: 3850: 3837: 3822: 3810: 3801: 3799: 3774: 3745: 3728: 3718: 3701: 3688:William G. Aston 3677: 3663: 3661: 3627: 3621: 3610: 3604: 3598: 3592: 3586: 3580: 3574: 3568: 3562: 3559:Japan Times 2009 3556: 3550: 3544: 3538: 3532: 3526: 3520: 3514: 3508: 3502: 3496: 3490: 3489: 3478: 3472: 3471: 3460: 3454: 3453: 3443: 3437: 3431: 3425: 3419: 3413: 3410: 3404: 3398: 3389: 3386: 3380: 3374: 3368: 3362: 3356: 3350: 3344: 3341:Chamberlain 1919 3338: 3332: 3329:Chamberlain 1919 3326: 3320: 3314: 3308: 3305:Chamberlain 1919 3302: 3296: 3290: 3284: 3278: 3272: 3269:Chamberlain 1919 3266: 3260: 3254: 3248: 3242: 3236: 3230: 3224: 3218: 3212: 3206: 3200: 3194: 3188: 3182: 3157: 3151: 3145: 3144: 3126: 3120: 3114: 3108: 3102: 3096: 3090: 3084: 3078: 3072: 3066: 3057: 3051: 3045: 3039: 3033: 3027: 3021: 3015: 3009: 3008: 2988: 2982: 2976: 2970: 2969: 2949: 2943: 2932: 2926: 2919: 2913: 2912: 2895: 2889: 2888: 2866: 2860: 2859: 2846: 2824: 2821: 2815: 2813: 2811: 2810: 2804: 2794: 2792: 2791: 2785: 2779: 2778:, "pro-America") 2777: 2776: 2770: 2764: 2762: 2761: 2755: 2749: 2743: 2742: 2732: 2717: 2702: 2681: 2676: 2675: 2674: 2649: 2626: 2607:American Pharoah 2584:Lyman-alpha blob 2558: 2556: 2555: 2485:Masahiro Shinoda 2340:Fate/Grand Order 2318: 2305:Legend of Himiko 2241: 2239:Nihon no Rekishi 2230: 2224:Fujiwara Kamui's 2167: 2159: 2142: 2136: 2130: 2124: 2116: 2103: 2100: 2094: 2059: 2058: 2051: 2029:Feminist history 2006: 2000: 1994: 1992: 1991: 1985: 1977: 1971: 1965: 1964:, "old tumulus") 1963: 1962: 1956: 1891: 1878: 1861: 1859: 1858: 1831: 1825: 1799: 1797: 1796: 1783: 1773: 1767: 1755: 1749: 1744:and whether the 1730:Motoori Norinaga 1715: 1709: 1702: 1681: 1675: 1667: 1647: 1640:history of Japan 1636:history of China 1625: 1624: 1623: 1617: 1611: 1601: 1588: 1582: 1581: 1576: 1575: 1568: 1560: 1559: 1554: 1540: 1539: 1534: 1528: 1522: 1513: 1512: 1505: 1496: 1490: 1489: 1482: 1473: 1467: 1466: 1459: 1446: 1438: 1431: 1425: 1419: 1413: 1407: 1401: 1395: 1389: 1383: 1377: 1371: 1365: 1360:(also sometimes 1359: 1353: 1347: 1341: 1332:transcriptions. 1331: 1321: 1311: 1294: 1286: 1280: 1272: 1264: 1256: 1246:Late Han Chinese 1215: 1214: 1209: 1196: 1195: 1188: 1187: 1180: 1179: 1172: 1171: 1152: 1146: 1136: 1130: 1124: 1123: 1122: 1112: 1111: 1110: 1093: 1087: 1081: 1055: 1054: 1049: 1033: 1031: 1010: 1004: 997: 991: 985: 962: 956: 950: 948: 939: 936: 928: 926: 925: 910: 904: 890: 888: 887: 868: 867: 864: 862:"Chopstick Tomb" 858: 857: 824: 818: 808: 806: 805: 791: 785: 772: 769: 741: 734: 731: 727: 720: 717: 710:Japanese sources 699: 698: 693: 651: 650: 646: 635: 632: 620: 611: 610: 605: 599: 598: 593: 587: 581: 580: 573: 572: 567: 566: 559: 558: 551: 550: 532: 531: 522: 520: 519: 465: 464: 453: 452: 443: 442: 421: 411: 410: 404: 394: 391: 383: 382: 377: 356: 350: 344: 341: 331: 330: 325: 245: 243: 242: 224: 222: 221: 211: 209: 206: 202: 201: 149: 146: 88: 87: 81: 74: 70: 67: 61: 56:this article by 47:inline citations 34: 33: 26: 4507: 4506: 4502: 4501: 4500: 4498: 4497: 4496: 4427: 4426: 4425: 4420: 4394: 4369: 4285: 4259: 4250:Inariyama Kofun 4235:Hashihaka Kofun 4223: 4219:Civil War of Wa 4207: 4139: 4128: 4095:Wayback Machine 4082:Yomiuri Shimbun 4075: 4066:Wayback Machine 4047:The Japan Times 3997: 3978: 3936: 3916: 3874:Japan Quarterly 3836:on June 1, 2007 3818:「卑弥呼の殺人」角川春樹事務所 3763:10.2307/2668274 3698: 3673:The Japan Times 3636: 3631: 3630: 3622: 3613: 3605: 3601: 3593: 3589: 3581: 3577: 3569: 3565: 3557: 3553: 3545: 3541: 3533: 3529: 3521: 3517: 3509: 3505: 3497: 3493: 3480: 3479: 3475: 3462: 3461: 3457: 3445: 3444: 3440: 3432: 3428: 3420: 3416: 3411: 3407: 3399: 3392: 3387: 3383: 3375: 3371: 3363: 3359: 3351: 3347: 3339: 3335: 3327: 3323: 3315: 3311: 3303: 3299: 3291: 3287: 3279: 3275: 3267: 3263: 3255: 3251: 3243: 3239: 3231: 3227: 3219: 3215: 3207: 3203: 3195: 3191: 3183: 3160: 3152: 3148: 3128: 3127: 3123: 3115: 3111: 3107:, pp. 2–3. 3103: 3099: 3091: 3087: 3079: 3075: 3067: 3060: 3052: 3048: 3040: 3036: 3028: 3024: 3016: 3012: 3005: 2989: 2985: 2977: 2973: 2966: 2950: 2946: 2934:Bentley, John. 2933: 2929: 2920: 2916: 2897: 2896: 2892: 2882: 2868: 2867: 2863: 2847: 2843: 2838: 2833: 2828: 2827: 2822: 2818: 2805: 2786: 2771: 2756: 2750: 2746: 2722:pronunciation ( 2718: 2714: 2709: 2677: 2672: 2670: 2667: 2660: 2650: 2641: 2627: 2582:was given to a 2573:Leiji Matsumoto 2550: 2539: 2522: 2520:Himiko contests 2500: 2465: 2271: 2191: 2183:Nara prefecture 2174: 2104: 2098: 2095: 2076: 2072:popular culture 2060: 2056: 2049: 2009:Hashihaka Kofun 1986: 1957: 1853: 1848:in present-day 1810:Emperor Guangwu 1791: 1734:Yamato Province 1632: 1621: 1549:Himiko involve 1503: 1480: 1457: 1453: 1439: 1436: 1372:for men. Later 1226:Archaic Chinese 1120: 1108: 1100: 1074: 1072:Interpretations 1066:Adalla of Silla 1058:Three Kingdoms 1040: 1028: 945: 937: 920: 882: 865: 852: 850:Hashihaka Kofun 813:snake-god. The 800: 770: 732: 718: 712: 633: 514: 405: 402:Gishi Wajin Den 392: 364: 362:Chinese sources 342: 332:), part of the 307: 299:Nara Prefecture 295:Hashihaka Kofun 289:in present-day 287:Yamato Province 285:or traditional 237: 216: 207: 196: 187: 176:Hashihaka Kofun 150: 147: 120: 82: 71: 65: 62: 52:Please help to 51: 35: 31: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4505: 4495: 4494: 4489: 4487:Yamatai queens 4484: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4454: 4449: 4444: 4439: 4422: 4421: 4419: 4418: 4413: 4408: 4402: 4400: 4396: 4395: 4393: 4392: 4385: 4377: 4375: 4371: 4370: 4368: 4367: 4362: 4357: 4352: 4347: 4342: 4337: 4332: 4327: 4322: 4317: 4312: 4307: 4302: 4296: 4294: 4287: 4286: 4284: 4283: 4282: 4281: 4276: 4267: 4265: 4261: 4260: 4258: 4257: 4252: 4247: 4242: 4240:Makimuku ruins 4237: 4231: 4229: 4225: 4224: 4222: 4221: 4215: 4213: 4209: 4208: 4206: 4205: 4200: 4195: 4190: 4185: 4184: 4183: 4178: 4173: 4168: 4163: 4158: 4147: 4145: 4141: 4140: 4127: 4126: 4119: 4112: 4104: 4098: 4097: 4078: 4069: 4068:, Noboru Ogata 4056: 4050: 4040: 4031: 4016: 3996: 3995:External links 3993: 3992: 3991: 3982: 3976: 3959: 3929: 3920: 3914: 3899: 3882: 3869: 3860: 3851: 3838: 3823: 3812: 3802: 3775: 3746: 3729: 3719: 3702: 3696: 3678: 3664: 3635: 3632: 3629: 3628: 3611: 3607:Matsumoto 1983 3599: 3587: 3575: 3563: 3551: 3539: 3527: 3515: 3503: 3491: 3473: 3455: 3438: 3426: 3414: 3405: 3390: 3381: 3369: 3367:, p. 225. 3357: 3355:, p. 221. 3345: 3333: 3331:, p. 284. 3321: 3309: 3297: 3295:, p. 176. 3285: 3283:, p. 150. 3273: 3271:, p. 227. 3261: 3249: 3247:, p. 152. 3237: 3235:, p. 193. 3225: 3223:, p. 156. 3213: 3201: 3189: 3158: 3146: 3121: 3109: 3097: 3085: 3073: 3058: 3046: 3034: 3022: 3010: 3003: 2983: 2981:, p. 188. 2971: 2964: 2944: 2927: 2914: 2890: 2880: 2861: 2840: 2839: 2837: 2834: 2832: 2829: 2826: 2825: 2816: 2744: 2720:Middle Chinese 2711: 2710: 2708: 2705: 2704: 2703: 2694: 2689: 2683: 2682: 2666: 2663: 2662: 2661: 2651: 2644: 2642: 2639:Kiyama Station 2628: 2621: 2611:Kentucky Derby 2538: 2535: 2521: 2518: 2499: 2496: 2495: 2494: 2481: 2464: 2461: 2460: 2459: 2450: 2437: 2428: 2419: 2406: 2393: 2384: 2368:Musou Orochi Z 2353: 2344: 2335: 2320: 2309: 2296: 2270: 2267: 2266: 2265: 2251: 2243: 2231: 2220: 2208: 2190: 2187: 2173: 2170: 2137:, or Japanese 2106: 2105: 2070:references to 2063: 2061: 2054: 2048: 2045: 2017:Rorschach test 1894:Naitō Torajirō 1846:Hyūga Province 1650:Records of Wei 1631: 1628: 1602:, 'west', the 1501: 1478: 1455: 1451: 1447:(Old Japanese 1434: 1297: 1296: 1288: 1284:pjiə̌-mjiə̌-χɔ 1274: 1266: 1258: 1230:Middle Chinese 1222:Middle Chinese 1099: 1096: 1073: 1070: 1039: 1038:Korean sources 1036: 1032: 593–628 949: 270–310 786:, quoting the 771: 209–269 760:Emperor Suinin 746:, the aunt of 711: 708: 674:(147–168) and 521:, or Pimikuko) 412:, "Records of 363: 360: 306: 303: 189: 188: 174:Thought to be 173: 171: 167: 166: 163: 159: 158: 142: 138: 137: 134: 133: 126: 122: 121: 119: 118: 112: 111: 107: 105: 101: 100: 93: 92: 84: 83: 38: 36: 29: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4504: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4485: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4445: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4435: 4434: 4432: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4407: 4404: 4403: 4401: 4397: 4391: 4390: 4386: 4384: 4383: 4379: 4378: 4376: 4372: 4366: 4363: 4361: 4358: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4348: 4346: 4343: 4341: 4338: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4326: 4323: 4321: 4318: 4316: 4315:Geumgwan Gaya 4313: 4311: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4298: 4297: 4295: 4293: 4288: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4271: 4269: 4268: 4266: 4262: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4248: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4232: 4230: 4226: 4220: 4217: 4216: 4214: 4210: 4204: 4201: 4199: 4196: 4194: 4191: 4189: 4186: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4162: 4159: 4157: 4154: 4153: 4152: 4149: 4148: 4146: 4142: 4138: 4137: 4132: 4125: 4120: 4118: 4113: 4111: 4106: 4105: 4102: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4083: 4079: 4076:(in Japanese) 4073: 4070: 4067: 4063: 4060: 4057: 4054: 4051: 4048: 4044: 4041: 4039: 4037: 4032: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4014: 4011: 4010: 4009: 4007: 4002: 3988: 3983: 3979: 3977:4-00-334471-5 3973: 3969: 3967: 3964:Sangokushiki 3960: 3955: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3935: 3930: 3926: 3921: 3917: 3915:9780520297739 3911: 3907: 3906: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3883: 3879: 3875: 3870: 3866: 3861: 3857: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3839: 3835: 3831: 3830: 3824: 3821:(in Japanese) 3820: 3817: 3813: 3808: 3803: 3798: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3757:(1): 75–110. 3756: 3752: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3735: 3730: 3726: 3725: 3720: 3716: 3712: 3708: 3703: 3699: 3697:9780524053478 3693: 3689: 3685: 3684: 3679: 3675: 3674: 3669: 3665: 3660: 3655: 3651: 3647: 3643: 3638: 3637: 3625: 3620: 3618: 3616: 3608: 3603: 3596: 3591: 3584: 3579: 3572: 3567: 3560: 3555: 3548: 3543: 3536: 3531: 3525:, p. 21. 3524: 3519: 3513:, p. 20. 3512: 3507: 3501:, p. 17. 3500: 3495: 3487: 3483: 3477: 3469: 3465: 3459: 3451: 3450: 3442: 3436:, p. 16. 3435: 3430: 3423: 3418: 3409: 3402: 3397: 3395: 3385: 3378: 3373: 3366: 3361: 3354: 3349: 3342: 3337: 3330: 3325: 3318: 3313: 3306: 3301: 3294: 3289: 3282: 3277: 3270: 3265: 3258: 3253: 3246: 3241: 3234: 3229: 3222: 3217: 3210: 3205: 3198: 3197:Hideyuki 2005 3193: 3186: 3181: 3179: 3177: 3175: 3173: 3171: 3169: 3167: 3165: 3163: 3155: 3150: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3131: 3125: 3118: 3113: 3106: 3101: 3094: 3089: 3083:, p. 16. 3082: 3077: 3071:, p. 15. 3070: 3065: 3063: 3056:, p. 14. 3055: 3050: 3044:, p. 13. 3043: 3038: 3031: 3026: 3019: 3014: 3006: 3000: 2996: 2995: 2987: 2980: 2975: 2967: 2965:9780774842549 2961: 2957: 2956: 2948: 2941: 2937: 2931: 2924: 2918: 2910: 2906: 2905: 2900: 2894: 2887: 2883: 2877: 2873: 2872: 2865: 2858: 2854: 2853: 2845: 2841: 2820: 2803: 2798: 2784: 2769: 2754: 2748: 2741: 2736: 2731: 2725: 2721: 2716: 2712: 2701: 2700: 2695: 2693: 2690: 2688: 2687:Empress Jingu 2685: 2684: 2680: 2669: 2659: 2655: 2648: 2643: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2631:Amagi Railway 2625: 2620: 2619: 2618: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2604: 2599: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2576: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2548: 2544: 2534: 2532: 2528: 2517: 2515: 2510: 2508: 2504: 2492: 2491: 2486: 2482: 2479: 2475: 2473: 2467: 2466: 2457: 2456: 2451: 2448: 2447:Madoka Kaname 2444: 2443: 2439:In the anime 2438: 2435: 2434: 2429: 2426: 2425: 2420: 2417: 2413: 2412: 2407: 2404: 2403:Rise Kujikawa 2400: 2399: 2394: 2391: 2390: 2385: 2382: 2381: 2376: 2375: 2370: 2369: 2364: 2360: 2359: 2354: 2351: 2350: 2345: 2342: 2341: 2336: 2333: 2329: 2327: 2321: 2317: 2316: 2310: 2307: 2306: 2301: 2297: 2294: 2290: 2289: 2284: 2283: 2282: 2280: 2276: 2263: 2261: 2255: 2252: 2249: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2235: 2232: 2229: 2225: 2222:The cover of 2221: 2219: 2218: 2213: 2209: 2207: 2204: 2203: 2202: 2200: 2196: 2186: 2184: 2180: 2169: 2166: 2165: 2158: 2157: 2150: 2146: 2141: 2135: 2129: 2123: 2122: 2115: 2102: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2074: 2073: 2069: 2064:This article 2062: 2053: 2052: 2044: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2013:Sakurai, Nara 2010: 2005: 1999: 1984: 1983: 1976: 1970: 1955: 1954: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1939:periodization 1932: 1927: 1923: 1921: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1902: 1897: 1895: 1890: 1886:proposed the 1885: 1882: 1877: 1872: 1868: 1863: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1840:territory of 1839: 1835: 1830: 1824: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1790: 1785: 1782: 1777: 1772: 1766: 1765: 1759: 1754: 1748: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1726:Arai Hakuseki 1724:philosophers 1723: 1718: 1714: 1708: 1701: 1695: 1693: 1689: 1688:Empress Jingū 1685: 1680: 1674: 1673: 1666: 1665: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1646: 1641: 1637: 1627: 1616: 1610: 1605: 1600: 1595: 1590: 1587: 1574: 1567: 1566: 1561:, "sun") and 1553: 1548: 1547:Japanese name 1544: 1533: 1527: 1521: 1515: 1511: 1504: 1495: 1491:, "sun") and 1488: 1481: 1472: 1465: 1458: 1445: 1433: 1430: 1424: 1418: 1412: 1406: 1400: 1394: 1388: 1382: 1376: 1370: 1364: 1358: 1352: 1346: 1345:pjiḙ-mjiḙ-χuo 1340: 1333: 1330: 1325: 1320: 1315: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1293: 1289: 1287:(Pulleyblank) 1285: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1262:pjie-mjie-χwo 1259: 1255: 1254:pjiḙ-mjiḙ-χuo 1251: 1250: 1249: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1208: 1204:, the modern 1203: 1198: 1194: 1186: 1178: 1170: 1164: 1158: 1156: 1151: 1145: 1140: 1135: 1129: 1116: 1105: 1095: 1092: 1086: 1080: 1069: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1048: 1047: 1035: 1026: 1025:Empress Suiko 1022: 1018: 1014: 1009: 1003: 996: 990: 984: 977: 972: 970: 966: 961: 955: 943: 932: 917: 915: 909: 903: 898: 894: 881: 877: 875: 874:Sakurai, Nara 871: 863: 851: 845: 842: 835: 833: 829: 823: 817: 812: 797: 795: 790: 784: 778: 776: 775:Emperor Chūai 765: 764:Empress Jingū 761: 757: 753: 752:Emperor Kōrei 749: 748:Emperor Sujin 745: 740: 739: 726: 725: 706: 701: 692: 687: 686: 679: 677: 673: 666: 663: 659: 653: 645: 640: 639: 628: 624: 619: 613: 604: 592: 586: 579: 565: 557: 543: 541: 534: 526: 512: 506: 503: 496: 494: 488: 483: 479: 477: 473: 467: 459: 458: 447: 446:"Book of Wei" 437: 433: 429: 425: 419: 416:: Account of 415: 403: 398: 387: 376: 371: 370: 355: 349: 338: 336: 324: 319: 314: 310: 302: 300: 296: 292: 288: 284: 280: 275: 273: 269: 265: 261: 257: 253: 249: 236: 232: 228: 215: 195: 185: 181: 177: 172: 168: 164: 160: 157: 153: 148: 170 AD 143: 139: 135: 131: 127: 123: 117:(c. 67 years) 116: 115: 114: 109: 108: 106: 102: 99: 94: 89: 80: 77: 69: 59: 55: 49: 48: 42: 37: 28: 27: 22: 4387: 4380: 4305:Chikushikoku 4291: 4192: 4134: 4080: 4046: 4035: 4027: 4026:: Issue #9: 4023: 3998: 3986: 3963: 3944: 3940: 3924: 3904: 3894: 3890: 3880:(4): 377–82. 3877: 3873: 3864: 3855: 3842: 3834:the original 3828: 3819: 3816: 3806: 3787: 3783: 3754: 3750: 3741: 3737: 3723: 3714: 3710: 3682: 3671: 3649: 3645: 3602: 3595:Ellwood 1990 3590: 3578: 3566: 3554: 3547:Edwards 1999 3542: 3535:Edwards 1998 3530: 3518: 3506: 3494: 3485: 3476: 3467: 3458: 3448: 3446:"Sect. 44". 3441: 3429: 3417: 3408: 3403:, p. 5. 3401:Tsunoda 1951 3384: 3372: 3360: 3348: 3336: 3324: 3312: 3300: 3288: 3276: 3264: 3252: 3240: 3228: 3216: 3204: 3192: 3149: 3136: 3133: 3129: 3124: 3117:Tsunoda 1951 3112: 3105:Tsunoda 1951 3100: 3095:, p. 1. 3093:Tsunoda 1951 3088: 3081:Tsunoda 1951 3076: 3069:Tsunoda 1951 3054:Tsunoda 1951 3049: 3042:Tsunoda 1951 3037: 3032:, p. 8. 3030:Tsunoda 1951 3025: 3013: 2993: 2986: 2979:Imamura 1996 2974: 2954: 2947: 2939: 2930: 2922: 2917: 2902: 2898: 2893: 2885: 2870: 2864: 2856: 2851: 2844: 2819: 2747: 2739: 2729: 2715: 2657: 2634: 2600: 2577: 2571:designed by 2540: 2523: 2511: 2501: 2488: 2476:directed by 2471: 2453: 2441: 2431: 2422: 2409: 2396: 2387: 2378: 2372: 2366: 2356: 2347: 2338: 2325: 2303: 2286: 2272: 2262:comic series 2259: 2245: 2215: 2212:Osamu Tezuka 2206:Lord (manga) 2192: 2175: 2172:Town mascots 2109: 2096: 2066:may contain 2065: 2023:(Marxists), 1947:Kofun period 1943:Yayoi period 1936: 1904: 1899: 1864: 1804:in northern 1786: 1758:Confucianist 1719: 1696: 1633: 1591: 1516: 1514:, "woman"). 1441: 1335: 1305:Old Japanese 1299:In terms of 1298: 1295:(Schuessler) 1270:pjie-mjie-xu 1200:In terms of 1199: 1159: 1101: 1075: 1068:in May 173. 1041: 1017:Meiji period 979: 974: 942:Emperor Ōjin 918: 878: 847: 837: 798: 779: 713: 703: 683: 681: 669: 655: 636: 614: 545: 536: 508: 502:filial piety 498: 490: 485: 481: 469: 455: 396: 367: 365: 333: 308: 276: 260:Yayoi period 231:Yamatai-koku 213: 193: 192: 113: 72: 63: 44: 4335:Matsurokoku 4198:Kukochihiko 3624:Miller 2018 3523:Farris 1998 3511:Farris 1998 3499:Farris 1998 3486:Nihon Shoki 3468:Nihon Shoki 3434:Farris 1998 3422:Farris 1998 3185:Miller 2014 2615:Bodemeister 2592:light years 2588:protogalaxy 2543:proper name 2531:Yamataikoku 2478:Roar Uthaug 2472:Tomb Raider 2405:'s persona. 2332:plot device 2326:Tomb Raider 2300:PlayStation 2279:video games 2260:Tomb Raider 2197:issues and 2041:patriarchal 2021:communalism 1889:Nihon Shoki 1876:Nihon Shoki 1829:Nihon Shoki 1814:Han dynasty 1781:gisen setsu 1753:Nihon Shoki 1713:Nihon Shoki 1672:Nihon Shoki 1312:. However, 1218:Old Chinese 1088:quoted the 1085:Nihon Shoki 1046:Samguk Sagi 1008:Nihon Shoki 995:Nihon Shoki 989:Nihon Shoki 960:Nihon Shoki 908:Nihon Shoki 822:Nihon Shoki 783:Nihon Shoki 738:Nihon Shoki 685:Book of Sui 644:Hou Han Shu 476:Han dynasty 424:Biographies 318:Book of Wei 98:Yamataikoku 58:introducing 4462:175 births 4437:248 deaths 4431:Categories 4416:Sea People 4360:Tsukaikoku 4345:Shin'okoku 4330:Kununokuni 3738:Archeology 3717:(1): 1–43. 3571:Akima 1993 3482:"Book III" 3377:Saeki 1988 3365:Aston 1924 3353:Aston 1924 3317:Aston 1924 3293:Aston 1924 3281:Aston 1924 3257:Aston 1924 3245:Aston 1924 3221:Aston 1924 3209:Aston 1924 3154:Aston 1924 2831:References 2699:Onna-musha 2418:priestess. 2288:Steel Jeeg 2068:irrelevant 1998:shinju-kyo 1982:shinju-kyo 1945:and early 1881:sinologist 1865:After the 1722:Edo-period 1543:given name 1292:pie-mie-hɑ 1278:pji-mji-χɔ 1257:(Karlgren) 1238:Li Fanggui 1137:in Modern 1115:simplified 1102:The three 1023:, leaving 938: 200 893:Ise Shrine 832:Mount Miwa 828:divination 733: 720 719: 712 634: 432 393: 297 388:dating to 375:Sanguo Zhi 343: 297 279:Edo period 250:chronicle 229:-queen of 214:Shingi Waō 130:Queen Toyo 41:references 4355:Toumakoku 4350:Shujukoku 4245:Ukikunden 3583:Mori 1979 3464:"Book II" 3233:Hori 1968 2909:Kenkyūsha 2899:研究社新和英大辞典 2836:Citations 2793:, "king") 2654:Tokyo Bay 2578:The name 2565:water bus 2547:astronomy 2401:, she is 2236:'s manga 2083:citations 2033:Mongolian 1842:Takachiho 1604:honorific 1586:hime-miko 1220:or early 897:Amaterasu 841:pray thee 811:trickster 766:(reigned 454:) of the 354:Sanguozhi 252:tributary 227:shamaness 125:Successor 96:Queen of 66:July 2018 4492:Wajinden 4399:See also 4310:Fumikoku 4292:Wajinden 4264:Theories 4203:Himikoko 4136:Wajinden 4133:and the 4091:Archived 4089:, 2008. 4062:Archived 3966:Wajinden 2665:See also 2549:. Himiko 2537:Namesake 2514:Moriyama 2507:keychain 2293:Go Nagai 2181:City in 2164:magatama 2099:May 2021 2087:reliable 1911:despotic 1764:kokugaku 1710:nor the 1658:Cao Fang 1435:— 1393:Wei chih 1339:Pi-mi-hu 1273:(Baxter) 1139:Japanese 1064:to King 1062:emissary 804:倭迹迹日百襲媛命 794:rescript 682:The 636 665:Yamadai. 662:Chaoxian 603:Yamaichi 588:writing 472:Tai-fang 246:. Early 225:, was a 4325:Itokoku 4320:Ikikoku 4131:Yamatai 4028:Origins 3895:Origins 3771:2668274 3143:. 1919. 3130:Kojiki 2768:shinbei 2633:train, 2613:second 2605:winner 2527:Asakura 2468:In the 2217:Phoenix 2179:Sakurai 2128:Wei Zhi 2004:Wei Zhi 1969:Wei Zhi 1812:of the 1771:Wei Zhi 1750:or the 1747:Wei Zhi 1736:in the 1700:Wei Zhi 1684:subtext 1679:Wei Zhi 1654:Cao Rui 1645:Wei Zhi 1606:prefix 1399:*Pimeko 1381:*Fimeko 1351:*Pimeko 1329:Wei Zhi 1319:*Pimeko 1309:*Pimeko 1207:bēimíhū 1144:bēimíhū 1091:Wei Zhi 1079:Wei Zhi 951:). 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